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Rao SS, Skinnemoen L, Fond AKS, Haugland GT. Analyses of the Mx family members in lumpfish: Molecular characterization, phylogeny, and gene expression analyses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105225. [PMID: 38992732 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Members of the myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein family play an essential role in antiviral immunity. They are Dynamin-like GTPases, induced by interferons. In the current study, we have characterized two predicted MX genes (MX1 and MX2) from lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.), having 12 and 13 exons, respectively. Mx2 has two isoforms (Mx2-X1 and Mx2-X2) which differ in exon 1. The lumpfish Mx proteins contain an N-terminal Dynamin-like GTPase domain, the middle domain (MD) and GTPase effector domain (GED) characteristic for Mx proteins. Phylogenetic analyses grouped all the lumpfish Mx sequences in group 1, and synteny analyses showed that both genes were localized at chromosome 5 in proximity to the genes Tohc7, Atxn7 and Psmd6. In vitro stimulation experiment showed that both MX1 and MX2-X2 were highly upregulated upon exposure to poly(I:C), but not bacteria, 24 h post exposure, indicating their role in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesha Sadashiva Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5006, Norway
| | - Linda Skinnemoen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5006, Norway
| | - Amanda Kästel Sandal Fond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5006, Norway
| | - Gyri Teien Haugland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5006, Norway.
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Qian S, Li R, He Y, Wang H, Zhang D, Sun A, Yu L, Song X, Zhao T, Chen Z, Yang Z. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant lactococcus lactis vaccine against HSV-1 infection. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:244. [PMID: 39252072 PMCID: PMC11385484 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a major cause of viral encephalitis, genital mucosal infections, and neonatal infections. Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) has been proven to be an effective vehicle for delivering protein antigens and stimulating both mucosal and systemic immune responses. In this study, we constructed a recombinant L. lactis system expressing the protective antigen glycoprotein D (gD) of HSV-1. RESULTS To improve the stability and persistence of antigen stimulation of the local mucosa, we inserted the immunologic adjuvant interleukin (IL)-2 and the Fc fragment of IgG into the expression system, and a recombinant L. lactis named NZ3900-gD-IL-2-Fc was constructed. By utilizing this recombinant L. lactis strain to elicit an immune response and evaluate the protective effect in mice, the recombinant L. lactis vaccine induced a significant increase in specific neutralizing antibodies, IgG, IgA, interferon-γ, and IL-4 levels in the serum of mice. Furthermore, in comparison to the mice in the control group, the vaccine also enhanced the proliferation levels of lymphocytes in response to gD. Moreover, recombinant L. lactis expressing gD significantly boosted nonspecific immune reactions in mice through the activation of immune-related genes. Furthermore, following the HSV-1 challenge of the murine lung mucosa, mice inoculated with the experimental vaccine exhibited less lung damage than control mice. CONCLUSION Our study presents a novel method for constructing a recombinant vaccine using the food-grade, non-pathogenic, and non-commercial bacterium L. lactis. The findings indicate that this recombinant vaccine shows promise in preventing HSV-1 infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoju Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ruixue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yeqing He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hexi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Danqiong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Aiping Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zishan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, 453003, Henan, China.
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Ouyang P, Li Q, Liu S, Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Jia P, Chen D, Huang X, Geng Y. Histopathology and transcriptome profiling reveal features of immune responses in gills and intestine induced by Spring viremia of carp virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109726. [PMID: 38944254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The immune system of bony fish closely resembles that of mammals, comprising both specific (adaptive) and non-specific (innate) components. Notably, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) serves as the first line of defense within the non-specific immune system, playing a critical role in protecting these aquatic organisms against invading pathogens. MALT encompasses a network of immune cells strategically distributed throughout the gills and intestines, forming an integral part of the mucosal barrier that interfaces directly with the surrounding aquatic environment. Spring Viremia of Carp Virus(SVCV), a highly pathogenic agent causing substantial harm to common carp populations, has been designated as a Class 2 animal disease by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. Utilizing a comprehensive array of research techniques, including Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE)、Alcian Blue Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB-PAS)、transcriptome analysis for global gene expression profiling and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), this study uncovered several key findings: SVCV is capable of compromising the mucosal architecture in the gill and intestinal tissues of carp, and stimulate the proliferation of mucous cells both in gill and intestinal tissues. Critically, the study revealed that SVCV's invasion elicits a robust response from the carp's mucosal immune system, demonstrating the organism's capacity to resist SVCV invasion despite the challenges posed by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiunan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yankai Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuhan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- Quality and Standards Academy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Nishiguchi H, Suryadi IBB, Ali MFZ, Miura C, Miura T. Dietary Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens)-Dipterose-BSF-Enhanced Zebrafish Innate Immunity Gene Expression and Resistance to Edwardsiella tarda Infection. INSECTS 2024; 15:326. [PMID: 38786881 PMCID: PMC11121787 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Dietary management using immunostimulants to protect fish health and prevent bacterial infection is widely practiced. Many insect species possess various bioactive substances that can improve animal health. We previously identified several bioactive polysaccharides derived from insects, including dipterose-BSF from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae; this can stimulate innate immunity in mammalian macrophage RAW264.7 cells. However, the effect of dietary dipterose-BSF on the immune system of teleosts remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the immune status of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after 14 days of dietary inclusion of dipterose-BSF (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µg/g), followed by an immersion challenge using Edwardsiella tarda. To identify changes in the transcriptional profile induced by dipterose-BSF, we performed RNA-sequencing analyses of the liver and intestine. Differentially expressed genes were investigated, with both organs showing several upregulated genes, dominated by nuclear factor and tumor necrosis factor family genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed several terms were significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group. Challenge tests suggested that dietary dipterose-BSF had some positive effects on disease resistance in fish, but these effects were not pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Nishiguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (M.F.Z.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina Suryadi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan;
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Fariz Zahir Ali
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (M.F.Z.A.); (C.M.)
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bio Industry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Senggigi, Kodek Bay, Pemenang 83352, Indonesia
| | - Chiemi Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (M.F.Z.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; (H.N.); (M.F.Z.A.); (C.M.)
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Wu H, Yin J, Li S, Wang H, Jiang P, Li P, Ding Z, Yan H, Chen B, Wang L, Wang Q. Oral immunization with recombinant L. lactis expressing GCRV-II VP4 produces protection against grass carp reovirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109439. [PMID: 38341115 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The hemorrhagic disease causing by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection, is associated with major economic losses and significant impact on aquaculture worldwide. VP4 of GCRV is one of the major outer capsid proteins which can induce an immune response in the host. In this study, pNZ8148-VP4/L. lactis was constructed to express recombinant VP4 protein of GCRV, which was confirmed by the Western-Blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then we performed the oral immunization for rare minnow model and the challenge with GCRV-II. After oral administration, pNZ8148-VP4/L. lactis can continuously reside in the intestinal tract to achieve antigen presentation. The intestinal and spleen samples were collected at different time intervals after immunization, and the expression of immune-related genes was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that VP4 recombinant L. lactis could induce complete cellular and humoral immune responses in the intestinal mucosal system, and effectively regulate the immunological effect of the spleen. The immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of the oral vaccine was evaluated by determining IgM levels and viral challenge to vaccinated fish, a significant level (P < 0.01) of antigen-specific IgM with GCRV-II neutralizing activity was able to be detected, which provided a effective protection in the challenge experiment. These results indicated that an oral probiotic vaccine with VP4 expression can provide effective protection for grass carp against GCRV-II challenge, suggesting a promising vaccine strategy for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Siming Li
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shanghai Ocean University/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- Shanghai Ocean University/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Han Yan
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Nanchang Yimen Biology Technology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Linchuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
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Du J, Xiao H, Hu Y, Li Z. march2 negatively regulates antiviral immune response by targeting tbk1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108965. [PMID: 37490971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp is one of the most economically important fish species. Hemorrhagic diseases caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) can seriously damage the economic yield of grass carp. Therefore, antiviral research on grass carp is urgently needed. Membrane-associated RING-CH2 (MARCH2) negatively regulates the innate immune response in mice. However, little is known about the role of march2 in the antiviral innate immune response in teleost fish. Our present study showed that march2 has high homology in grass carp, its orthologs, and mammals, and has the same amino acid sequence in grass carp and crucian carp. Overexpression of Cimarch2 (Ctenopharyngodon idella march2) significantly inhibited interferon (IFN) activation induced by Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I: C), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), and GCRV. However, knocking down Cimarch2 enhanced the activation of IFN induced by poly I: C, SVCV, and GCRV. Overexpression of Cimarch2 can promotes viral replication. Mechanistically, Cimarch2 tightly bound to TANK-binding kinase 1 (tbk1) and downregulated tbk1 through the proteasome pathway. Our results demonstrated the potential role of Cimarch2 in the antiviral breeding of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children' s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children' s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Hu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children' s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China.
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Zhang J, Huang J, Zhao H. Molecular Cloning of Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 ( SpTLR2, 4) and Expression of TLR-Related Genes from Schizothorax prenanti after Poly (I:C) Stimulation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1388. [PMID: 37510293 PMCID: PMC10379648 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is conserved between fish and mammals, except for TLR4, which is absent in most fish. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether TLR4 is expressed in Schizothorax prenanti (SpTLR4). The SpTLR2 and SpTLR4 were cloned and identified, and their tissue distribution was examined. The cDNA encoding SpTLR4 and SpTLR2 complete coding sequences (CDS) were identified and cloned. Additionally, we examined the expression levels of seven SpTLRs (SpTLR2, 3, 4, 18, 22-1, 22-2, and 22-3), as well as SpMyD88 and SpIRF3 in the liver, head kidney, hindgut, and spleen of S. prenanti, after intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)). The SpTLR2 and SpTLR4 shared amino acid sequence identity of 42.15-96.21% and 36.21-93.58%, respectively, with sequences from other vertebrates. SpTLR2 and SpTLR4 were expressed in all S. prenanti tissues examined, particularly in immune-related tissues. Poly (I:C) significantly upregulated most of the genes evaluated in the four immune organs compared with the PBS-control (p < 0.05); expression of these different genes was tissue-specific. Our findings demonstrate that TLR2 and TLR4 are expressed in S. prenanti and that poly (I:C) affects the expression of nine TLR-related genes, which are potentially involved in S. prenanti antiviral immunity or mediating pathological processes with differential kinetics. This will contribute to a better understanding of the roles of these TLR-related genes in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlu Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jiqin Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, China
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Pan F, Ma X, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Genome characterization of Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) isolate CNPo2015 and transcriptome analysis of Hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells infected with CNPo2015. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108493. [PMID: 36509411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) is a fish rhabdovirus belonging to family Rhabdoviridae, genus Novirhabdovirus, which is highly contagious and virulent, and causes hemorrhagic disease in many fish species. In the present work, the whole genome sequence of HIRRV strain CNPo2015 that previously isolated from cultured flounders was obtained using high-throughput sequencing. It consists of 10,998 nucleotides and encodes six viral proteins arranged in order of 3'-N-P-M-G-NV-L-5'. Among Novirhabdovirus, L protein of CNPo2015 possessed the lowest amino acid sequence divergence with HIRRV isolate CA 9703 and HIRRV 080113, and the highest with Snakehead rhabdovirus. Furthermore, the immune response of Hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cell line to HIRRV infection was characterized by RNA-seq, and the results showed that 1976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 1219 up-regulated and 727 down-regulated genes were identified in the HINAE cells infected with HIRRV at 48 h post infection (hpi). Several KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in the viral infected cells, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, cell cycle, apoptosis, RIG-I-like receptors signaling pathway and P13K-AKT signaling pathway. Post viral infection, the flow cytometric Annexin V/PI assay found that apoptotic rate of HINAE cells showed a slight increase within 3 days and then the early and late apoptotic rate were significantly increased to 41 ± 2.65% and 12.37 ± 2.61% at day 4, respectively. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR results also showed that six apoptosis-related genes (BCL2L1, CASPASE 3, CASPASE 10, FAS, AKT and CDK1) were significantly upregulated. This investigation has not only enriched our knowledge of sequence difference characteristics between CNPo2015 and other Novirhabdoviruses, but also provided a data basis for deeper understanding of immune responses in flounder cells post viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghuang Pan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinbiao Ma
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Cloning of Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene from Schizothorax prenanti ( SpTLR3), and Expressions of Seven SpTLRs and SpMyD88 after Lipopolysaccharide Induction. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101862. [PMID: 36292749 PMCID: PMC9601681 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (SpTLR3) from Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti) was cloned and identified, and the tissue distribution of the SpTLR3 gene was examined in this study. Moreover, the relative mRNA expression levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene (SpMyD88) and seven TLR genes (SpTLR2, SpTLR3, SpTLR4, SpTLR18, SpTLR22-1, SpTLR22-2 and SpTLR22-3) from S. prenanti after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were analyzed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The full length of SpTLR3 gene is 3097 bp, and complete coding sequence (CDS) is 2715 bp, which encodes 904 amino acids. The SpTLR3 amino acid sequence shared 43.94−100% identity with TLR3 sequences from other vertebrates; SpTLR3 was expressed in all eight tissues examined; and the highest level appeared in the liver, which was significantly higher than in all other tissues (p < 0.05), followed by the levels in the heart and muscles. LPS significantly up-regulated all eight genes in the S. prenanti tissues at 12 or 24 h (p < 0.05). Compared with the PBS control group, no significant transcripts changes were found in SpTLR2 or SpTLR3 at 12 h after LPS induction, but they were significantly up-regulated at 24 h (p < 0.001). The most abundant transcripts were found in the head kidney SpTLR22 genes after 24 h LPS induction, with high to low levels, which were SpTLR22-1 (564-fold), SpTLR22-3 (508-fold) and SpTLR22-2 (351-fold). Among these eight genes, the expression level of SpTLR4 was the least up-regulated. Overall, SpTLR4 in the head kidney was involved in the antibacterial immune response earlier, and the level was increased at 12 h with extreme significance after LPS stimulation (p < 0.001), while the other seven genes were the most significantly up-regulated at 24 h post injection. Taken together, the results suggest that SpMyD88, SpTLR2, SpTLR3, SpTLR4, SpTLR18, SpTLR22-1, SpTLR22-2 and SpTLR22-3 participate in an innate immune response stimulated by LPS, and the response intensity of the genes was organ-specific, with differing kinetics. Our findings will contribute to a more complete understanding of the roles of these TLR genes in antibacterial immunity.
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10
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Gao S, Liu X, Han B, Wang N, Lv X, Guan X, Xu G, Huang J, Shi W, Liu M. Salmonid alphavirus non-structural protein 2 is a key protein that activates the NF-κB signaling pathway to mediate inflammatory responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:182-190. [PMID: 36058437 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) infection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) causes pancreas disease (PD) with typical inflammatory responses, such as necrosis of the exocrine pancreas, cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy. However, the pathogenic mechanism underlying SAV infection is still unclear. Inflammation may cause damage to the body, but it is a defense response against infection by pathogenic microorganisms, of which nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is the main regulator. This study revealed that SAV can activate NF-κB, of which the viral nonstructural protein Nsp2 is the major activating protein. SAV activates the NF-κB signaling pathway by simultaneously up-regulating TLR3, 7, 8 and then the expression of the signaling molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). We found that Nsp2 can induce IκB degradation and p65 phosphorylation and transnucleation, and activate NF-κB downstream inflammatory cytokines. Nsp2 may simultaneously activate NF-κB through TLR3,7,8-dependent signaling pathways. Overexpression of Nsp2 can up-regulate mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and then promote the expression of IFNa1 and antiviral protein Mx, which inhibits viral replication. This study shows that Nsp2 acts as a key activator protein for the NF-κB signaling pathway, which induces inflammation post-SAV infection. This study systematically analyzes the molecular mechanism of SAV activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and provides a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of innate immune response and inflammatory injury caused by SAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Lv
- Beijing Aquaculture Technology Extention Station, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Gefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wang N, Li J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Shi C, Li Y, Bergmann SM, Mo X, Yin J, Wang Q. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Grass Carp Reovirus VP6 Induces Mucosal Immunity Against Grass Carp Reovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914010. [PMID: 35634331 PMCID: PMC9132009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp haemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus II is a serious disease of the aquaculture industry and vaccination is the only effective method of GCRV protection. In this study, Lactococcus lactis was used as oral vaccine delivery to express the GCRV II VP6 protein. We evaluated the protective efficacy of the live vaccine strain to induce mucosal immune protection. After oral administration, the recombinant strains remained in the hindgut for antigen presentation and increased the survival rate 46.7% and the relative percent survival 42.9%, respectively versus control vaccination. Though L. lactis alone can induce the inflammatory response by stimulating the mucosal immune system, the recombinant L. lactis expressing VP6 greatly enhanced nonspecific immune responses via expression of immune related genes of the fish. Furthermore, both systemic and mucosal immunity was elicited following oral immunization with the recombinant strain and this strain also elicited an inflammatory response and cellular immunity to enhance the protective effect. L. lactis can therefore be utilized as a mucosal immune vector to trigger high levels of immune protection in fish at both the systemic and mucosal levels. L. lactis is a promising candidate for oral vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Xubing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Wu S, Huang J, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhao L. Integrated Analysis of lncRNA and circRNA Mediated ceRNA Regulatory Networks in Skin Reveals Innate Immunity Differences Between Wild-Type and Yellow Mutant Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front Immunol 2022; 13:802731. [PMID: 35655786 PMCID: PMC9152293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.802731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish skin is a vital immune organ that forms the first protective barrier preventing entry of external pathogens. Rainbow trout is an important aquaculture fish species that is farmed worldwide. However, our knowledge of innate immunity differences between wild-type (WR_S) and yellow mutant rainbow trout (YR_S) remains limited. In this study, we performed whole transcriptome analysis of skin from WR_S and YR_S cultured in a natural flowing water pond. A total of 2448 mRNAs, 1630 lncRNAs, 22 circRNAs and 50 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed (DE). Among these DEmRNAs, numerous key immune-related genes, including ifih1, dhx58, trim25, atp6v1e1, tap1, tap2, cd209, hsp90a.1, nlrp3, nlrc3, and several other genes associated with metabolism (gstp1, nampt, naprt and cd38) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEmRNAs revealed that many were significantly enriched in innate immune-related GO terms and pathways, including NAD+ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, complement binding, immune response and response to bacterium GO terms, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling and phagosome KEGG pathways. Furthermore, the immune-related competing endogenous RNA networks were constructed, from which we found that lncRNAs MSTRG.11484.2, MSTRG.32014.1 and MSTRG.29012.1 regulated at least three immune-related genes (ifih1, dhx58 and irf3) through PC-5p-43254_34, PC-3p-28352_70 and bta-miR-11987_L-1R-1_1ss8TA, and tap2 was regulated by two circRNAs (circRNA5279 and circRNA5277) by oni-mir-124a-2-p5_1ss13GA. The findings expand our understanding of the innate immune system of rainbow trout, and lay the foundation for further study of immune mechanisms and disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenji Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjuan Li
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Liu LH, Zhang YA, Nie P, Chen SN. Presence of two RIG-I-like receptors, MDA5 and LGP2, and their dsRNA binding capacity in a perciform fish, the snakehead Channa argus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104235. [PMID: 34418428 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fish retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are critical RNA sensors in cytoplasm and are involved in antiviral innate immunity. However, some species of fish lack RIG-I gene, and the function of RLR members in RIG-I-absent fish is poorly understood. In the present study, MDA5, LGP2 and MAVS genes were identified in commercially important snakehead Channa argus. But, RIG-I gene was not found in this fish, and a systematic analysis of RLRs in available genome database of fish indicated the absence of RIG-I in the Acanthomorphata, Clupeiformes and Polypteriformes, suggesting that loss events of RIG-I gene may have occurred independently three times in the evolutionary history of fish. The MDA5, LGP2 and MAVS in snakehead have conserved protein domains and genomic location based on sequence, phylogenetic and syntenic analyses. These genes are constitutively expressed in healthy fish and can be induced by polyinosinic and polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) stimulation in vitro. It is further revealed that the snakehead MDA5 and LGP2 have binding capacity with dsRNA, such as poly(I:C), and MDA5 can interact with MAVS, implying the antiviral function of MDA5 in the RIG-I-absent fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hao Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - P Nie
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China.
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China.
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14
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Su H, Liao Z, Yang C, Zhang Y, Su J. Grass Carp Reovirus VP56 Allies VP4, Recruits, Blocks, and Degrades RIG-I to More Effectively Attenuate IFN Responses and Facilitate Viral Evasion. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0100021. [PMID: 34523975 PMCID: PMC8557896 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01000-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), the most virulent aquareovirus, causes epidemic hemorrhagic disease and tremendous economic loss in freshwater aquaculture industry. VP56, a putative fibrin inlaying the outer surface of GCRV-II and GCRV-III, is involved in cell attachment. In the present study, we found that VP56 localizes at the early endosome, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum, recruits the cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and binds to it. The interaction between VP56 and RIG-I was detected by endogenous coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP), glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown, and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and was then confirmed by traditional co-IPs and a novel far-red mNeptune-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system. VP56 binds to the helicase domain of RIG-I. VP56 enhances K48-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I to degrade it by the proteasomal pathway. Thus, VP56 impedes the initial immune function of RIG-I by dual mechanisms (blockade and degradation) and attenuates signaling from RIG-I recognizing viral RNA, subsequently weakening downstream signaling transduction and interferon (IFN) responses. Accordingly, host antiviral effectors are reduced, and cytopathic effects are increased. These findings were corroborated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and VP56 knockdown. Finally, we found that VP56 and the major outer capsid protein VP4 bind together in the cytosol to enhance the degradation of RIG-I and more efficiently facilitate viral replication. Collectively, the results indicated that VP56 allies VP4, recruits, blocks, and degrades RIG-I, thereby attenuating IFNs and antiviral effectors to facilitate viral evasion more effectively. This study reveals a virus attacking target and an escaping strategy from host antiviral immunity for GCRV and will help understand mechanisms of infection of reoviruses. IMPORTANCE Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) fibrin VP56 and major outer capsid protein VP4 inlay and locate on the outer surface of GCRV-II and GCRV-III, which causes tremendous loss in grass carp and black carp industries. Fibrin is involved in cell attachment and plays an important role in reovirus infection. The present study identified the interaction proteins of VP56 and found that VP56 and VP4 bind to the different domains of the viral RNA sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) in grass carp to block RIG-I sensing of viral RNA and induce RIG-I degradation by the proteasomal pathway to attenuate signaling transduction, thereby suppressing interferons (IFNs) and antiviral effectors, facilitating viral replication. VP56 and VP4 bind together in the cytosol to more efficiently facilitate viral evasion. This study reveals a virus attacking a target and an escaping strategy from host antiviral immunity for GCRV and will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of infection of reoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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15
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Huang L, Qiao Y, Xu W, Gong L, He R, Qi W, Gao Q, Cai H, Grossart HP, Yan Q. Full-Length Transcriptome: A Reliable Alternative for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis in the Spleen of Teleost Without Reference Genome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737332. [PMID: 34646272 PMCID: PMC8502891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is considered as a supreme model for clarifying the evolution and regulatory mechanism of vertebrate immunity. However, the knowledge of distinct immune cell populations in fish is still limited, and further development of techniques advancing the identification of fish immune cell populations and their functions are required. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has provided a new approach for effective in-depth identification and characterization of cell subpopulations. Current approaches for scRNA-seq data analysis usually rely on comparison with a reference genome and hence are not suited for samples without any reference genome, which is currently very common in fish research. Here, we present an alternative, i.e. scRNA-seq data analysis with a full-length transcriptome as a reference, and evaluate this approach on samples from Epinephelus coioides-a teleost without any published genome. We show that it reconstructs well most of the present transcripts in the scRNA-seq data achieving a sensitivity equivalent to approaches relying on genome alignments of related species. Based on cell heterogeneity and known markers, we characterized four cell types: T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MΦ) and NCC (non-specific cytotoxic cells). Further analysis indicated the presence of two subsets of Mo/MΦ including M1 and M2 type, as well as four subsets in B cells, i.e. mature B cells, immature B cells, pre B cells and early-pre B cells. Our research will provide new clues for understanding biological characteristics, development and function of immune cell populations of teleost. Furthermore, our approach provides a reliable alternative for scRNA-seq data analysis in teleost for which no reference genome is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Linfeng Gong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongchao He
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weilu Qi
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiancheng Gao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Postdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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16
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Fu YW, Yao ZJ, He MH, Wang ZP, Chen WF, Cui M, Zhang QZ. Expression analysis and tissue localization of IgZ in the grouper Epinephelus coioides after Vibrio alginolyticus infection and vaccination. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1647-1655. [PMID: 34133777 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is an important marine farmed fish in China. It is affected by the bacterial pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus, which causes high mortality and substantial economic losses. We studied the transcriptional changes of the IgZ gene in E. coioides following V. alginolyticus stimulation and investigated the distribution of IgZ in different tissues. The highest expression level of IgZ occurred in the head kidney. When fish were stimulated with live and inactivated V. alginolyticus, the expression levels of IgZ in the head kidney, spleen, intestine, gills and blood cells were significantly upregulated. In an in situ hybridization study, IgZ mRNA-positive cells were detected in the head kidney, spleen and gill, but positive signals were not detected in the liver and intestine. IgZ-labelled cells increased in the head kidney, spleen and gills post-infection with V. alginolyticus for 21 days. The present study provides additional evidence that IgZ is involved in mucosal immune responses and helps explain the role of IgZ in E. coioides defence against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Juan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Han He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuo-Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Figueiredo F, Kristoffersen H, Bhat S, Zhang Z, Godfroid J, Peruzzi S, Præbel K, Dalmo RA, Xu X. Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:980. [PMID: 34681079 PMCID: PMC8533105 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Disease resistance of fish larvae may be improved by bath treatment in water containing immunostimulants. Pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR3, TLR7, and MDA5, work as an "early warning" to induce intracellular signaling and facilitate an antiviral response. A single bath of newly hatched larvae, with Astragalus, upregulated the expression of IFNα, IFNc, ISG15, MDA5, PKR, STAT1, TLR3, and TLR7 immune genes, on day 4 post treatment. Similar patterns were observed for Hyaluronic acid and Poly I:C. Increased expression was observed for ISG15, MDA5, MX, STAT1, TLR3, TLR7, and RSAD2, on day 9 for Imiquimod. Metabolic gene expression was stimulated on day 1 after immunostimulant bath in ULK1, MYC, SLC2A1, HIF1A, MTOR, and SIX1, in Astragalus, Hyaluronic acid, and Imiquimod. Expression of NOS2 in Poly I:C was an average fourfold above that of control at the same timepoint. Throughout the remaining sampling days (2, 4, 9, 16, 32, and 45 days post immunostimulant bath), NOS2 and IL1B were consistently overexpressed. In conclusion, the immunostimulants induced antiviral gene responses, indicating that a single bath at an early life stage could enable a more robust antiviral defense in fish. Additionally, it was demonstrated, based on gene expression data, that cell metabolism was perturbed, where several metabolic genes were co-regulated with innate antiviral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Figueiredo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Harald Kristoffersen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Shripathi Bhat
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Zuobing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Peruzzi
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Roy Ambli Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
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18
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Holosteans contextualize the role of the teleost genome duplication in promoting the rise of evolutionary novelties in the ray-finned fish innate immune system. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:479-497. [PMID: 34510270 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over 99% of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are teleosts, a clade that comprises half of all living vertebrate species that have diversified across virtually all fresh and saltwater ecosystems. This ecological breadth raises the question of how the immunogenetic diversity required to persist under heterogeneous pathogen pressures evolved. The teleost genome duplication (TGD) has been hypothesized as the evolutionary event that provided the substrate for rapid genomic evolution and innovation. However, studies of putative teleost-specific innate immune receptors have been largely limited to comparisons either among teleosts or between teleosts and distantly related vertebrate clades such as tetrapods. Here we describe and characterize the receptor diversity of two clustered innate immune gene families in the teleost sister lineage: Holostei (bowfin and gars). Using genomic and transcriptomic data, we provide a detailed investigation of the phylogenetic history and conserved synteny of gene clusters encoding diverse immunoglobulin domain-containing proteins (DICPs) and novel immune-type receptors (NITRs). These data demonstrate an ancient linkage of DICPs to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and reveal an evolutionary origin of NITR variable-joining (VJ) exons that predate the TGD by at least 50 million years. Further characterizing the receptor diversity of Holostean DICPs and NITRs illuminates a sequence diversity that rivals the diversity of these innate immune receptor families in many teleosts. Taken together, our findings provide important historical context for the evolution of these gene families that challenge prevailing expectations concerning the consequences of the TGD during actinopterygiian evolution.
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19
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Thompson AW, Hawkins MB, Parey E, Wcisel DJ, Ota T, Kawasaki K, Funk E, Losilla M, Fitch OE, Pan Q, Feron R, Louis A, Montfort J, Milhes M, Racicot BL, Childs KL, Fontenot Q, Ferrara A, David SR, McCune AR, Dornburg A, Yoder JA, Guiguen Y, Roest Crollius H, Berthelot C, Harris MP, Braasch I. The bowfin genome illuminates the developmental evolution of ray-finned fishes. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1373-1384. [PMID: 34462605 PMCID: PMC8423624 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bowfin (Amia calva) is a ray-finned fish that possesses a unique suite of ancestral and derived phenotypes, which are key to understanding vertebrate evolution. The phylogenetic position of bowfin as a representative of neopterygian fishes, its archetypical body plan and its unduplicated and slowly evolving genome make bowfin a central species for the genomic exploration of ray-finned fishes. Here we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for bowfin that enables gene-order analyses, settling long-debated neopterygian phylogenetic relationships. We examine chromatin accessibility and gene expression through bowfin development to investigate the evolution of immune, scale, respiratory and fin skeletal systems and identify hundreds of gene-regulatory loci conserved across vertebrates. These resources connect developmental evolution among bony fishes, further highlighting the bowfin's importance for illuminating vertebrate biology and diversity in the genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Thompson
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M Brent Hawkins
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elise Parey
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Dustin J Wcisel
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ota
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (the Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kawasaki
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emily Funk
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Animal Science Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mauricio Losilla
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Olivia E Fitch
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Qiaowei Pan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Feron
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Louis
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Milhes
- GeT-PlaGe, INRAE, Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Brett L Racicot
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Quenton Fontenot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA
| | - Allyse Ferrara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA
| | - Solomon R David
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA
| | - Amy R McCune
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Hugues Roest Crollius
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Camille Berthelot
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo Braasch
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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20
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Pan J, Zhu M, Liang Z, Shen Z, Dai K, Yan B, Dai Y, Xue R, Cao G, Hu X, Gong C. Proteomic analysis of the exosomes secreted from Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells infected with grass carp reovirus reveals their involvement in the cellular responses to viral infection. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:857-867. [PMID: 33745109 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by various types of cells. Exosomes not only participate in different physiological processes in cells, but also involve in the cellular responses to viral infection. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a non-enveloped virus with segmented, double-stranded RNA genome. Nowadays, the exact role of exosomes in regulating the life cycle of GCRV infection is still unclear. In this study, the exosomes secreted from Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells infected or uninfected with GCRV were isolated, and the differential protein expression profiles were analyzed by proteomic technologies. A total of 1297 proteins were identified in the isolated exosomes. The differentially abundant proteins were further analyzed with functional categories, and numerous important pathways were regulated by exosomes in GCRV-infected CIK cells. These exosomal proteins were estimated to interact with the genes (proteins) of the top 10 most enriched signaling pathways. Furthermore, GW4869 exosome inhibitor suppressed the expression level of VP7 in GCRV-infected cells, suggesting that exosomes play a crucial role in the life cycle of GCRV infection. These findings could shed new lights on understanding the functional roles of exosomes in the cellular responses to GCRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bingyu Yan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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21
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Malik MS, Bjørgen H, Nyman IB, Wessel Ø, Koppang EO, Dahle MK, Rimstad E. PRV-1 Infected Macrophages in Melanized Focal Changes in White Muscle of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Correlates With a Pro-Inflammatory Environment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664624. [PMID: 33995395 PMCID: PMC8116804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanized focal changes in white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon, "black spots", is a quality problem affecting on average 20% of slaughtered fish. The spots appear initially as "red spots" characterized by hemorrhages and acute inflammation and progress into black spots characterized by chronic inflammation and abundant pigmented cells. Piscine orthoreovirus 1 (PRV-1) was previously found to be associated with macrophages and melano-macrophages in red and black spots. Here we have addressed the inflammatory microenvironment of red and black spots by studying the polarization status of the macrophages and cell mediated immune responses in spots, in both PRV-1 infected and non-infected fish. Samples that had been collected at regular intervals through the seawater production phase in a commercial farm were analyzed by multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and RT-qPCR methods. Detection of abundant inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS2) expressing M1-polarized macrophages in red spots demonstrated a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. There was an almost perfect co-localization with the iNOS2 expression and PRV-1 infection. Black spots, on the other side, had few iNOS2 expressing cells, but a relatively high number of arginase-2 expressing anti-inflammatory M2-polarized macrophages containing melanin. The numerous M2-polarized melano-macrophages in black spots indicate an ongoing healing phase. Co-localization of PRV-1 and cells expressing CD8+ and MHC-I suggests a targeted immune response taking place in the spots. Altogether, this study indicates that PRV-1 induces a pro-inflammatory environment that is important for the pathogenesis of the spots. We do not have indication that infection of PRV-1 is the initial causative agent of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Malik
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard Bjørgen
- Section of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ingvild Berg Nyman
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Øystein Wessel
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Section of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Maria K. Dahle
- Department of Fish Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Rimstad
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- *Correspondence: Espen Rimstad,
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22
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Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197289. [PMID: 33023222 PMCID: PMC7582293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial infection involves sets of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent advances in the identification of different types of PRRs in teleost fish revealed a number of cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids. These are DExD/H-box RNA helicases including a group of well-characterized retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicases (e.g., DDX1, DDX3, DHX9, DDX21, DHX36 and DDX41) both involved in recognition of viral RNAs. Another group of PRRs includes cytosolic DNA sensors (CDSs), such as cGAS and LSm14A involved in recognition of viral and intracellular bacterial dsDNAs. Moreover, dsRNA-sensing protein kinase R (PKR), which has a role in antiviral immune responses in higher vertebrates, has been identified in fish. Additionally, fish possess a novel PKR-like protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domain, known as PKZ. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids in teleosts.
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23
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Wu M, Li H, Chen X, Jiang Y, Jiang W. Studies on the clinical symptoms, virus distribution, and mRNA expression of several antiviral immunity-related genes in grass carp after infection with genotype II grass carp reovirus. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1599-1609. [PMID: 32399788 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The viral hemorrhage disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a serious contagious disease of grass carp that mainly infects fingerlings and yearlings. Epidemiological studies have shown that GCRV genotype II is currently the prominent genotype. However, little is known about the histopathological characteristics, virus distribution, and expression of immunity-related genes in grass carp infected by GCRV genotype II. In this study, we found that grass carp infected by GCRV genotype II lost appetite, swam alone, and rolled, and their fins, eyes, operculum, oral cavity, abdomen, intestine, and muscles showed pronounced punctate hemorrhage. Congestion, swelling, deformation, thinning of membranes, dilatation and darkened color of nucleoli, cathepsis, erythrocyte infiltration, and vacuole formation were observed in some infected tissues. A qRT-PCR test showed that the 11 genome segments of GCRV had similar expression patterns in different tissues. The S8 segment, with unknown function and no homologous sequences, had the highest expression level, while the most conserved segment, L2, had the lowest expression level. GCRV particles were distributed in different tissues, especially in the intestine. In the infected intestine, the expression of various receptors and adaptor molecules was modulated at different levels. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression was 2160.9 times higher than that in the control group. The upregulation of immunity-related genes activated the antiviral immunity pathways. Therefore, the intestine might play a dual role in mediating GCRV infection and the antiviral immune response. This study provides detailed information about the pathogenicity of GCRV and expression of immunity-related genes, laying the foundation for further research on virus control and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Ocean University, No.999 Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, 201306, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, No. 40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
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24
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Zhao L, Zhong Z, Zhuang D, Jiang Y, Zou P, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Evidence of virus-responsive pathways in response to poly I: C challenge in a muscle cell line derived from large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:179-185. [PMID: 32126245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new continuous muscle cell line, LYCMS (large yellow croaker muscle cell line), derived from the muscle tissue of larva of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) was developed with modified DMEM/F12 medium at 27 °C. The muscle cell line could be passaged at different ratios for different growth rates. Karyotype analysis showed that a large proportion of LYCMS cells had 48 chromosomes. The proliferation of LYCMS cell line could be affected by mammalian growth factors such as human basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). GFP expression experiments indicated that the LYCMS cell line could be used for exogenous genes' expression. Different virus response-related genes tested in this study showed diverse change types in expression before and after (0-24 h) polycytidylic acid (poly I: C) challenge of LYCMS cells. This is the first study of virus response signaling pathways of large yellow croaker based on the muscle cell line. The results showed that compared with the in vivo experiments, the use of the LYCMS cell line for immune research is more convenient, efficient, and rapid. By using this model, we demonstrated that MDA5-IPS1-TRAF6-NFκB-cytokines, MDA5-IPS1-TRAF3-IRF3-interferon or TLR22-TRIF-IRF3-interferon, TLR8-MyD88-NFκB-cytokines, and TLR3-TRIF-IRF3-interferon pathways were able to response to poly I: C challenge in the muscle cell line of large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture in the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Daohua Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture in the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture in the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture in the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture in the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liang Z, Dai K, Zhu M, Zhang M, Pan J, Xue R, Cao G, Tang J, Song X, Hu X, Gong C. Interleukin-17 suppresses grass carp reovirus infection in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells by activating NF-κB signaling. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 520:734969. [PMID: 32287459 PMCID: PMC7112052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The grass carp accounts for a large proportion of aquacultural production in China, but the hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection often causes huge economic losses to the industry. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is an important cytokine that plays a critical role in the inflammatory and immune responses. Although IL-17 family members have been extensively studied in mammals, our knowledge of the activity of IL-17 proteins in teleosts in response to viral infection is still limited. In this study, the role of IL-17 in GCRV infection and its mechanism were investigated. The expression levels of IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, and IL-17AF3 in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells gradually increased from 6 h after infection with GCRV. The nuclear translocation of p65, which acts in the NF-κB signaling pathway, was also increased by GCRV infection. The overexpression of IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, or IL-17AF3 also promoted the nuclear translocation of p65 and the levels of phospho-IκBα in CIK cells, and reduced the expression of the viral structural protein VP7. An NF-κB signal inhibitor abolished the inhibition of GCRV infection by IL-17 proteins. These results suggested that the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by the overexpression of IL-17 proteins, resulting in the inhibition of viral infection. In conclusion, in this study, we demonstrated that IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, and IL-17AF3 acted as immune cytokines, exerting an antiviral effect by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mingtian Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xuehong Song
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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26
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Su H, Fan C, Liao Z, Yang C, Clarke JL, Zhang Y, Su J. Grass Carp Reovirus Major Outer Capsid Protein VP4 Interacts with RNA Sensor RIG-I to Suppress Interferon Response. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040560. [PMID: 32268551 PMCID: PMC7226501 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by viruses threaten the production industry and food safety of aquaculture which is a great animal protein source. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) has caused tremendous loss, and the molecular function of viral proteins during infection needs further research, as for most aquatic viruses. In this study, interaction between GCRV major outer capsid protein VP4 and RIG-I, a critical viral RNA sensor, was screened out by GST pull-down, endogenous immunoprecipitation and subsequent LC-MS/MS, and then verified by co-IP and an advanced far-red fluorescence complementation system. VP4 was proved to bind to the CARD and RD domains of RIG-I and promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I to degrade RIG-I. VP4 reduced mRNA and promoter activities of key genes of RLR pathway and sequential IFN production. As a consequence, antiviral effectors were suppressed and GCRV replication increased, resulting in intensified cytopathic effect. Furthermore, results of transcriptome sequencing of VP4 stably expressed CIK (C. idella kidney) cells indicated that VP4 activated the MyD88-dependent TLR pathway. Knockdown of VP4 obtained opposite effects. These results collectively revealed that VP4 interacts with RIG-I to restrain interferon response and assist GCRV invasion. This study lays the foundation for anti-dsRNA virus molecular function research in teleost and provides a novel insight into the strategy of immune evasion for aquatic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, 1430 Ås, Norway;
| | - Chengjian Fan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,430070, China;
| | | | - Yongan Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-87282227
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He L, Zhao M, Yu X, Zhao Y, Fu L, Qiao X, Lin H, Zhang Y, Li G, Li S, Lu D. MicroRNA-182-3p negatively regulates cytokines expression by targeting TLR5M in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:589-596. [PMID: 31351112 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as essential pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity, can recognize pathogens and trigger immune response to eliminate invading pathogens. MicroRNAs regulates multiple biological processes by suppressing mRNA translation or resulting in mRNA degradation. MiR-182 has previously been implicated in DNA repair, disease and cancer aspects. The potential role of miR-182-3p in TLR signaling pathway against pathogens is unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-182-3p was up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus flagellin stimulation in grouper spleen (GS) cells, and negatively correlated with the expression of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) TLR5M (EcTLR5M). Then we found that miR-182-3p could directly target EcTLR5M by using bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay also showed that miR-182-3p down-regulated the wild-type EcTLR5M 3'UTR in luciferase activity rather than the mutant group in HEK 293T cells. We further verified the effect of miR-182-3p on the activation of Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and found that miR-182-3p inhibitors significantly augmented flagellin-induced NF-κB phosphorylation. Additionally, we also demonstrated that the increased expression of miR-182-3p significantly suppressed the flagellin-induced EcTLR5M, pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression. And the endogenous miR-182-3p knockdown experiments reversely verified the regulatory effect of miR-182-3p. These results suggested that miR-182-3p post-transcriptionally controls EcTLR5M expression and thereby suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study is the first to demonstrate that miR-182-3p suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines expression by regulating the TLR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangge He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Mi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Xifeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, P.R. China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, P.R. China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 51900, P.R. China
| | - Guangli Li
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P.R. China
| | - Shuisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 51900, P.R. China.
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 51900, P.R. China.
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Wu L, Yang Y, Kong L, Bian X, Guo Z, Fu S, Liang F, Li B, Ye J. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the transcriptional heterogeneity in different IgM + cell subsets from peripheral blood of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:612-622. [PMID: 31408730 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In teleost fish, IgM+ B cells play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Different IgM+ B cells are detected in teleost, named IgMlo and IgMhi B cell subsets, according to the distinct expression levels of membrane IgM (mIgM). However, the study on the heterogeneity in IgM+ B cell subsets remains poorly understood. In this study, the comparative transcriptomic profiles of IgM-, IgMlo and IgMhi from peripheral blood of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were carried out by using RNA-sequencing technique. A total of 6045 and 5470 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in IgMlo and IgMhi cells, respectively, as compared with IgM- lymphocytes, whereas 3835 genes were differentially expressed when IgMlo compared to IgMhi cells. Analysis of the KEGG database indicated that the DEGs were enriched in immune system categories and signaling transduction and interaction in IgM- vs IgMhi, IgM- vs IgMlo and IgMlo vs IgMhi. Comparatively, in IgMlo vs IgMhi, GO enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs enriched in nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity. Analysis of crucial transcription factors for B cell differentiation indicated that IgMlo and IgMhi cell clusters belonged to the different B cell subsets. The data generated in this study may provide insights into understanding the heterogeneity of IgM+ cells in teleost, and suggest that IgM+ B cells play a crucial role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Linghe Kong
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xia Bian
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shengli Fu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Fang Liang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Bingxi Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research, Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Brisse M, Ly H. Comparative Structure and Function Analysis of the RIG-I-Like Receptors: RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1586. [PMID: 31379819 PMCID: PMC6652118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the form of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) motifs to induce expression of type 1 interferons (IFN1) (IFNα and IFNβ) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines during the early stage of viral infection. While RIG-I and MDA5 share many genetic, structural and functional similarities, there is increasing evidence that they can have significantly different strategies to recognize different pathogens, PAMPs, and in different host species. This review article discusses the similarities and differences between RIG-I and MDA5 from multiple perspectives, including their structures, evolution and functional relationships with other cellular proteins, their differential mechanisms of distinguishing between host and viral dsRNAs and interactions with host and viral protein factors, and their immunogenic signaling. A comprehensive comparative analysis can help inform future studies of RIG-I and MDA5 in order to fully understand their functions in order to optimize potential therapeutic approaches targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisse
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Lazarte JMS, Thompson KD, Jung TS. Pattern Recognition by Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 (Mda5) in Teleost Fish: A Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:906. [PMID: 31080451 PMCID: PMC6497758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish, as with other vertebrates, rely on their innate immune system as a first line of defense against invading pathogens. A very important characteristic of the innate immune response is its ability to recognize conserved molecular structures, such as viral dsRNA and ssRNA. Mda5 is one of the three pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize cytoplasmic viral ligands. Teleost Mda5 is widely conserved among several fish species and possesses the same structural domains as those seen in their mammalian counterparts. Fish Mda5 has been shown to be capable of initiating an inflammatory response both in vitro (in different fish cell lines) and in vivo using synthetic viral analogs or virus. The interferon (IFN) pathway is triggered as a result of Mda5 activation, leading to the expression of type I IFNs, IFN- stimulated genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although it is known that Mda5 acts as a receptor for virally-produced ligands, it has been shown more recently that it can also initiate an immune response against bacterial challenges. This review discusses recent advances in the characterization of teleost Mda5 and its potential role in antiviral and antibacterial immunity in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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31
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Zhu D, Huang R, Chen L, Fu P, Luo L, He L, Li Y, Liao L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Cloning and characterization of the LEF/TCF gene family in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and their expression profiles in response to grass carp reovirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:335-346. [PMID: 30500548 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) proteins from the High Mobility Group (HMG) box family act as the main downstream effectors of the Wnt signaling pathway. HMGB proteins play multifaceted roles in the immune system of mammals. To clarify the immunological characteristics of LEF/TCF genes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), five LEF/TCF genes (TCF7, LEF1, TCF7L1A, TCF7L1B, and TCF7L2) were identified and characterized. All five LEF/TCF proteins contained two characteristic domains: a HMG-BOX domain and a CTNNB1_binding region. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the LEF/TCF proteins were represented different lineages. These results of subcellular localization showed that four of the LEF/TCF genes were localized exclusively within the nucleus, while TCF7L2 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The mRNA expression profiles of these LEF/TCF family genes differed across different tissues. The mRNA expression levels of TCF7, TCF7L1A, and TCF7L2 changed significantly in liver after grass carp reovirus (GCRV) challenge; TCF7 and TCF7L1A responded early while TCF7L2 responded late. This suggests that these genes may participate in GCRV-related immune responses. Moreover, TCF7 promoted Bcl6 transcription in response to the GCRV challenge. These findings further our understanding of the function of LEF/TCF genes in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liangming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peipei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Libo He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Gu T, Lu L, An C, Chen B, Wei W, Wu X, Xu Q, Chen G. MDA5 and LGP2 acts as a key regulator though activating NF-κB and IRF3 in RLRs signaling of mandarinfish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1114-1122. [PMID: 30594581 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), as key cytoplasmic sensors of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, can recognise viral RNA and enhance the antiviral response. Some investigations have focused on the roles of RLRs in the innate immune response in grass carp, large yellow croaker, and rainbow trout. However, little is known about the function of RLRs in mandarinfish (Siniperca chuatsi), an important economic fish in Perciformes. Here, we functionally characterized the RLRs involved in the immune responses of mandarinfish (Siniperca chuatsi), by evaluating three RLRs, namely, RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2. The results revealed that MDA5 and LGP2 were present in mandarinfish, whereas RIG-I was absent. The MDA5 and LGP2 cDNA sequences contained 2976 and 2046 bp and encoded 991 and 681 amino acids, respectively. Multiple sequence alignments showed that MDA5 and LGP2 of mandarinfish were clustered together with their homologs from other teleost fishes and shared high similarities with those from other vertebrates, and RIG-I of mandarinfish was absent. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis suggested that MDA5 and LGP2 were constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, and MDA5 mRNA expression was relatively high in the gill, and spleen, whereas LGP2 mRNA expression was high in the liver, gill, and head kidney. After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or poly I:C, the expression of MDA5 and LGP2 was upregulated in spleen, gill and head kidney, but the pattern was not exactly the same, MDA5 transcripts generally increased and then declined with the prolonged infection, while LGP2 transcripts went up continuously, which showed that mandarinfish MDA5 and LGP2 may play independent roles in antiviral response. Besides, it is further revealed that the MDA5 could activate NF-κB and IRF3 to inducing the production of IFN-β by constructing tet-on stable strain of 293T cell, however over-expression of LGP2 resulted in decreased NF-κB, IRF3 and IFN-β production in cells challenged with LPS and polyI:C Taken together, our results demonstrated that MDA5 and LGP2, as a positive and negative regulator, respectively, played an important role in modulating antibacterial andantiviral immune responses though activating NF-κB and IRF3 in RLRs signaling of mandarinfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Chen An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Li Y, Wu J, Li D, Huang A, Bu G, Meng F, Kong F, Cao X, Han X, Pan X, Fan W, Yang S, Zeng X, Du X. Transcriptome analysis of spleen reveals the signal transduction of toll-like receptors after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Schizothorax prenanti. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:816-824. [PMID: 30393178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti), an important species of economical fish in Southwest China, is susceptible to Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah). To understand the immune response to Ah, the transcriptome profiling of spleen of S. prenanti was analyzed after Ah infection. A total of 6, 213 different expression genes (DEGs) were obtained, including 3, 066 up-regulated DEGs and 3, 147 down-regulated DEGs. These DEGs were annotated by KEGG and GO databases, so that the immune-related DEGs (IRDs) can be identified and classified. Then, the interesting IRDs were screened to build heat map, and the reliability of the transcriptome data was validated by qPCR. In order to clarify the mechanism of signal transduction in the anti-bacterial immunity, the signaling pathway initiated by TLRs was predicted. In this pathway, TLR25 and TLR5 mediate the NF-κB and AP-1 signals via MyD88-dependent pathway. Meanwhile, the type I IFN (IFNα/β) induced by IRF1 and IRF3/7 may play an important role in the anti-bacterial immunity. In conclusion, this study preliminarily provides insights into the mechanism of signal transduction after Ah infection in S. prenanti, which contributes to exploring the complex anti-bacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Wei Fan
- Fisheries Technology Extension Station of Yunnan, Kunming, 660034, PR China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
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Jiang H, Bian Q, Zeng W, Ren P, Sun H, Lin Z, Tang Z, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu MX, Li X, Yu X, Huang Y. Oral delivery of Bacillus subtilis spores expressing grass carp reovirus VP4 protein produces protection against grass carp reovirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:768-780. [PMID: 30300738 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hemorrhagic disease (GCHD), caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), has given rise to an enormous loss in grass carp industry during the past years. Up to date, vaccination remained to be the most effective way to protect grass carp from GCHD. Oral vaccination is of major interest due to its advantages of noninvasive, time-saving, and easily-operated. The introduction of oral vaccination has profound impact on aquaculture industry because of its feasibility of extensive application for fish in various size and age. However, the main challenge in developing oral vaccine is that antigens are easily degraded and are easy to induce tolerance. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores would be an ideal oral vaccine delivery system for their robust specialty, gene operability, safety and adjuvant property. VP4 protein is the major outer capsid protein encoded by GCRV segment 6 (S6), which plays an important role in viral invasion and replication. In this study, we used B. subtilis spores as the oral delivery system and successfully constructed the B. subtilis CotC-VP4 recombinant spores (CotC-VP4 spores) to evaluate its protective efficacy in grass carp. Grass carp orally immunized with CotC-VP4 spores showed a survival rate of 57% and the relative percent survival (RPS) of 47% after the viral challenge. Further, the specific IgM levels in serum and the specific IgZ levels in intestinal mucus were significantly higher in the CotC-VP4 group than those in the Naive group. The immune-related genes including three innate immune-related genes (IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, CSF1R), four adaptive immune-related genes (BAFF, CD4L, MHC-II, CD8), three inflammation-related genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β) and interferon type I (IFN-I) related signaling pathway genes were significantly up-regulated in the CotC-VP4 group. The study demonstrated that the CotC-VP4 spores produced protection in grass carp against GCRV infection, and triggered both innate and adaptive immunity post oral immunization. This work highlighted that Bacillus subtilis spores were powerful platforms for oral vaccine delivery, and the combination of Bacillus subtilis spores with GCRV VP4 protein was a promising oral vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qing Bian
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengli Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yensheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Su H, Su J. Cyprinid viral diseases and vaccine development. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:84-95. [PMID: 30195914 PMCID: PMC7118463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, global freshwater fish production has been rapidly growing, while cyprinid takes the largest portion. Along with the rapid rise of novel forms of intensive aquaculture, increased global aquatic animal movement and various anthropogenic stress to aquatic ecosystems during the past century, freshwater fish farming industry encounter the emergence and breakout of many diseases, especially viral diseases. Because of the ability to safely and effectively prevent aquaculture diseases, vaccines have become the mainstream technology for prevention and control of aquatic diseases in the world. In this review, authors summarized six major cyprinid viral diseases, including koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD), spring viraemia of carp (SVC), grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD), koi sleepy disease (KSD), carp pox disease (CPD) and herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (HPHN). The present review described the characteristics of these diseases from epidemiology, pathology, etiology and diagnostics. Furthermore, the development of specific vaccines respective to these diseases is stated according to preparation methods and immunization approaches. It is hoped that the review could contribute to aquaculture in prevention and controlling of cyprinid viral diseases, and serve the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Zhang W, Li Z, Jia P, Liu W, Yi M, Jia K. Interferon regulatory factor 3 from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) exerts antiviral function against nervous necrosis virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 88:200-205. [PMID: 30016710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a major regulator contributing to the host away from viral infection. Here, an IRF3 gene from sea perch (LjIRF3) was identified and its role in regulating early apoptosis signaling and IFN response was investigated during red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. The cDNA of LjIRF3 encoded a putative 465 amino acids protein, containing a DNA binding domain, an IRF association domain and a serine-rich domain. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that LjIRF3 shared the closest genetic relationship with Epinephelus coioides IRF3. LjIRF3 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues with the highest expression level in the liver. Upon RGNNV infection, mRNA transcript level of LjIRF3 was significantly up-regulated in vivo and in vitro, indicating the involvement of LjIRF3 in immune response to RGNNV infection. Furthermore, overexpression of LjIRF3 significantly suppressed RGNNV replication in vitro, meanwhile significantly up-regulating the expression of IFNI and IFN stimulated genes and resulting in the activation of caspase 3 and 9 proteases in the early stage of RGNNV infection. In short, these results demonstrated that LjIRF3 exerted antiviral function against RGNNV infection via triggering early apoptotic cell death and inducing IRF3-dependent IFN immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zelin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kuntong Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
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Liu M, Wu T, Li S, Wei P, Yan Y, Gu W, Wang W, Meng Q. Combined transcriptomic/proteomic analysis of crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio in cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:386-399. [PMID: 30071344 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a pathogen of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease of crucian carp. Our study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and immune response at the mRNA and protein levels in head kidney during CyHV-2 infection. Three days after infection with CyHV-2, 7085 differentially expressed genes were identified by transcriptome sequencing, of which 3090 were up-regulated and 3995 were down-regulated. And 338 differentially expressed proteins including 277 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated were identified using tandem mass tag labeling followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Notably, 128 differentially co-expressed genes at mRNA and protein levels (cDEGs) were reliably quantified, including 86 co-up-regulated and 42 co-down-regulated. In addition, 10 cDGEs in the above pathways were selected for qRT-PCR to confirm the validity of the transcriptome and proteome changes by showing that RIG-I, MDA5, LGP2, FAS, PKR and PKZ up-regulated and Integrin α, Integrin β2, NCF2 and NCF4 down-regulated. This indicated that after CyHV-2 infection, the herpes simplex infection pathway, RIG-I like receptor signaling pathway, necroptosis pathway and p53 signaling pathway were activated and the phagosome pathway was suppressed. Our findings reveal the pathogenesis and the host immune mechanism of CyHV-2 infection of crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China; Baoying Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, 30# Yeting East Road, Baoying, 225800, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Panpan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuye Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China.
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38
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Labella AM, Garcia-Rosado E, Bandín I, Dopazo CP, Castro D, Alonso MC, Borrego JJ. Transcriptomic Profiles of Senegalese Sole Infected With Nervous Necrosis Virus Reassortants Presenting Different Degree of Virulence. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1626. [PMID: 30065724 PMCID: PMC6056728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Betanodaviruses [nervous necrosis virus (NNV)] are the causative agent of the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, a disease that affects cultured Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). NNV reassortants, combining genomic segments from redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) genotypes, have been previously isolated from several fish species. The wild-type reassortant wSs160.03, isolated from Senegalese sole, has been proven to be more virulent to sole than the parental genotypes (RGNNV and SJNNV), causing 100% mortality. Mutations at amino acids 247 (serine to alanine) and 270 (serine to asparagine) in the wSs160.03 capsid protein have allowed us to obtain a mutant reassortant (rSs160.03247+270), which provokes a 40% mortality decrease. In this study, the RNA-Seq technology has been used to comparatively analyze Senegalese sole transcriptomes in two organs (head kidney and eye/brain) after infection with wild-type and mutant strains. A total of 633 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) in animals infected with the wild-type isolate (with higher virulence), whereas 393 genes were differentially expressed in animals infected with the mutant strain (37.9% decrease in the number of DEGs). To study the biological functions of detected DEGs involved in NNV infection, a gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed. Different GO profiles were obtained in the following subclasses: (i) biological process; (ii) cellular component; and (iii) molecular function, for each viral strain tested. Immune response and proteolysis have been the predominant biological process after the infection with the wild-type isolate, whereas the infection with the mutant strain induces proteolysis in head kidney and inhibition of vasculogenesis in nervous tissue. Regarding the immune response, genes coding for proteins acting as mediators of type I IFN expression (DHX58, IRF3, IRF7) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG15, Mx, PKR, Gig1, ISG12, IFI44, IFIT-1, to name a few) were upregulated in animals infected with the wild-type isolate, whereas no-differential expression of these genes was observed in samples inoculated with the mutant strain. The different transcriptomic profiles obtained could help to better understand the NNV pathogenesis in Senegalese sole, setting up the importance as virulence determinants of amino acids at positions 247 and 270 within the RNA2 segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Labella
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Bandín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos P Dopazo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Alonso
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Liang Y, Wang Y, He L, He J, Peng W, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shi H, Lin H, Lu D. Unc93b1 is essential for cytokine activation of five PAMPs in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:8-18. [PMID: 29097235 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors that recognize multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate the immune responses to resist the invasion of pathogens. Many TLRs need assistance from trafficking chaperones to transport to the specific cell compartments and then are processed before they are activated. In this study, we identified an important trafficking chaperone, Unc-93 homolog B1 (unc93b1), from the Epinephelus coioides (orange-spotted grouper). The deduced protein sequence of Eco.unc93b1 was 632 amino acids, containing 12 transmembrane domains, consistent with other UNC93B1 proteins from other species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Eco.Unc93b1 was clustered with teleost Unc93b1 and had the closest relationship with Larimichthys crocea (large yellow croaker) Unc93b1. Eco.unc93b1 was expressed the highest in the spleen, and its protein was co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum and early endosomes in both human embryonic kidney 293T cells and grouper spleen cells (GS cells). Moreover, the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), high-molecular-weight poly (I:C) (HMW), imidazoquinoline (R848), polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly AU), and 19-mer Staphylococcus aureus 23S rRNA-derived oligoribonucleotide (ORN Sa 19) promoted the mRNA expression of unc93b1 in GS cells with different patterns. Furthermore, the cytokine expression induced by these PAMPs was suppressed, while Eco.unc93b1 was knocked down, by small interfering RNA. In conclusion, these results suggest that Eco.unc93b1 plays an essential role in several PAMP-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangge He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifa Zhang
- Marine Fisheries Development Center of Guangdong Province, Huizhou, China
| | - Herong Shi
- Marine Fisheries Development Center of Guangdong Province, Huizhou, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Eggestøl HØ, Lunde HS, Rønneseth A, Fredman D, Petersen K, Mishra CK, Furmanek T, Colquhoun DJ, Wergeland HI, Haugland GT. Transcriptome-wide mapping of signaling pathways and early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon in vitro bacterial exposure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5261. [PMID: 29588496 PMCID: PMC5869700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed RNA sequencing, identified components of the immune system and mapped early immune responses of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) leukocytes following in vitro exposure to the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum O1. This is the first characterization of immune molecules in lumpfish at the gene level. In silico analyses revealed that genes encoding proteins involved in pathogen recognition, cell signaling and cytokines in mammals and teleosts are conserved in lumpfish. Unique molecules were also identified. Pathogen recognition components include 13 TLRs, several NLRs and complement factors. Transcriptome-wide analyses of immune responses 6 and 24 hours post bacterial exposure revealed differential expression of 9033 and 15225 genes, respectively. These included TLR5S, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, IL-17A/F3, IL-17C and several components of the complement system. The data generated will be valuable for comparative studies and make an important basis for further functional analyses of immune and pathogenicity mechanisms. Such knowledge is also important for design of immunoprophylactic measures in lumpfish, a species of fish now farmed intensively for use as cleaner-fish in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald S Lunde
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - David Fredman
- Computational biology unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Petersen
- Computational biology unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charitra K Mishra
- Computational biology unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomasz Furmanek
- Computational biology unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Duncan J Colquhoun
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gyri T Haugland
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Wang R, Li Y, Zhou Z, Liu Q, Zeng L, Xiao T. Involvement of interferon regulatory factor 3 from the barbel chub Squaliobarbus curriculus in the immune response against grass carp reovirus. Gene 2018; 648:5-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liang Y, Ding X, Yu X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, He J, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Lin H, Lu D. Identification and functional characterization of Toll-like receptor 13 from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:309-317. [PMID: 29305335 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the most important innate immune receptors, which recognize various pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate the downstream immune response. Mouse TLR13 has been found to recognize a highly conserved sequence from bacterial or viral RNA and activate the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-dependent signaling response. The function of teleost tlr13 is still not fully understood, especially its relationship with bacterial RNA. In our study, we identified and characterized a tlr13 from Epinephelus coioides (orange-spotted grouper). The full-length cDNA of Eco. tlr13 contained a 2844 bp open reading frame, encoding 947 amino acids. The polypeptide was constitutive of a signal peptide, 13 leucine-rich repeats domains, a C-terminal leucine-rich repeats, a transmembrane domain and a conserved Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor domain, indicating that Eco. Tlr13 exhibited a typical TLR structure. Multiple alignments showed that the Toll/IL-1 receptor domain of Eco. Tlr13 was identical with other homologues, and the phylogenetic tree suggested that Eco. Tlr13 was clustered with other TLR13s and had the closest relationship with predicted Lates calcarifer (sea bass) Tlr13. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that Eco. Tlr13 colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum and early endosome. Moreover, Eco. tlr13 was broadly observed in all tested tissues with the relatively high expressions in the brain and immune-related tissues. After challenged with 19-mer Staphylococcus aureus 23S ribosomal RNA-derived oligoribonucleotide (ORN Sa19), the expression of Eco. tlr13 was significantly up-regulated in grouper spleen cells. Also, the luciferase assay further revealed that with the overexpression of Eco. Tlr13 in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, ORN Sa19 activated the promoter activity of interferon-β in a dose-dependent pattern. These results indicate that Eco. tlr13 may involve in the recognition of bacterial RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Fan Y, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Jiang N, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhong Q. Identification, structural characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 2 and 3 from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:629-638. [PMID: 29183810 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important components of innate immunity. TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate downstream signaling pathways in response. In present study, we report the identification of two TLRs from gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), TLR2 and TLR3 (designated CagTLR2 and CagTLR3, respectively). We report on the genomic structures and mRNA expression patterns of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3. Five exons and four introns were identified from the genomic DNA sequence of CagTLR3 (4749 bp in total length); this genomic organization is similar to that of TLR3 in zebrafish and human. However, only one intron was identified from the CagTLR2 genomic locus (3166 bp in total length); this unique genomic organization of CagTLR2 is different from that of TLR2 in fish and humans. The cDNAs of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 encoded 791 and 904 amino acid residues, respectively. CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 contained two distinct structural/functional motifs of the TLR family: a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain in the extracellular portion and a toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain in the intracellular portion. The positions of critical amino acid residues involed in PAMP recognition and signaling pathway transduction in mammalian TLRs were conserved in CagTLR2 and CagTLR3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a closer clustering of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 with TLRs from freshwater fish than with marine fish species. In healthy gibel carp, transcripts of these genes were detected in all examined tissues, and high expression levels of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 were observed in liver and brain, respectively. Following injection with CyHV-2, expression levels of CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 were significantly upregulated in the spleens of gibel carp after three days, and CagTLR3 transcript levels were rapidly increased in head kidney after 12 h. These results suggest that CagTLR2 and CagTLR3 are functionally involved in the induction of antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Qiwang Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Nerbøvik IKG, Solheim MA, Eggestøl HØ, Rønneseth A, Jakobsen RA, Wergeland HI, Haugland GT. Molecular cloning of MDA5, phylogenetic analysis of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and differential gene expression of RLRs, interferons and proinflammatory cytokines after in vitro challenge with IPNV, ISAV and SAV in the salmonid cell line TO. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1529-1544. [PMID: 28429853 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The RIG-I receptors RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2 are involved in viral recognition, and they have different ligand specificity and recognize different viruses. Activation of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) leads to production of cytokines essential for antiviral immunity. In fish, most research has focused on interferons, and less is known about the production of proinflammatory cytokines during viral infections. In this study, we have cloned the full-length MDA5 sequence in Atlantic salmon, and compared it with RIG-I and LGP2. Further, the salmonid cell line TO was infected with three fish pathogenic viruses, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) and salmonid alphavirus (SAV), and differential gene expression (DEG) analyses of RLRs, interferons (IFNa-d) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α1, TNF-α2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 p40s) were performed. The DEG analyses showed that the responses of proinflammatory cytokines in TO cells infected with IPNV and ISAV were profoundly different from SAV-infected cells. In the two aforementioned, TNF-α1 and TNF-α2 were highly upregulated, while in SAV-infected cells these cytokines were downregulated. Knowledge of virus recognition by the host and the immune responses during infection may help elucidate why and how some viruses can escape the immune system. Such knowledge is useful for the development of immune prophylactic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-K G Nerbøvik
- Department of Biology, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M A Solheim
- Department of Biology, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Ø Eggestøl
- Department of Biology, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Rønneseth
- Department of Biology, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R A Jakobsen
- Department of Biology, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H I Wergeland
- Department of Biology, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - G T Haugland
- Department of Biology, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Salinas I, Magadán S. Omics in fish mucosal immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:99-108. [PMID: 28235585 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system of fish is a complex network of immune cells and molecules that are constantly surveilling the environment and protecting the host from infection. A number of "omics" tools are now available and utilized to understand the complexity of mucosal immune systems in non-traditional animal models. This review summarizes recent advances in the implementation of "omics" tools pertaining to the four mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in teleosts. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and "omics" in microbiome research require interdisciplinary collaboration and careful experimental design. The data-rich datasets generated are proving really useful at discovering new innate immune players in fish mucosal secretions, identifying novel markers of specific mucosal immune responses, unraveling the diversity of the B and T cell repertoires and characterizing the diversity of the microbial communities present in teleost mucosal surfaces. Bioinformatics, data analysis and storage platforms should be developed to facilitate rapid processing of large datasets, especially when mammalian tools such as bioinformatics analysis software are not available in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Susana Magadán
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo, Pontevedra 36310, Spain.
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46
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Cheng YK, Wu YC, Chi SC. Humoral and cytokine responses in giant groupers after vaccination and challenge with betanodavirus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:385-394. [PMID: 27581743 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Giant groupers were immunized with two dosages (Vhigh and Vlow) of inactivated nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and subsequently challenged with NNV at 4 weeks post vaccination (wpv). Several indicators were used to analyze the protective effects of the NNV vaccine. The neutralizing antibody titer of fish serum mostly corresponded to the survival rate of immunized fish in the NNV challenge test. Extravascular IgM+ cells were detected in the brains of both NNV-infected and noninfected groupers. After NNV infection, CD8α and IgM gene expression increased in the brains, indicating CD8α+ and IgM+ lymphocyte infiltration. Moreover, the NNV load was not the highest in dead grouper brains, suggesting that this load in the brain was not the key factor for the death of groupers. However, the brains of dead fish showed the highest expression of the interleukin (IL)-1β gene, a neurotoxic factor in the brain. Therefore, IL-1β overexpression is likely to be associated with the death of NNV-infected groupers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kai Cheng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Shau-Chi Chi
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Doherty L, Poynter SJ, Aloufi A, DeWitte-Orr SJ. Fish viruses make dsRNA in fish cells: characterization of dsRNA production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cells infected with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, chum salmon reovirus and frog virus 3. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:1133-1137. [PMID: 26775727 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Doherty
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - S J Poynter
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - A Aloufi
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - S J DeWitte-Orr
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Shen B, Hu Y, Zhang S, Zheng J, Zeng L, Zhang J, Zhu A, Wu C. Molecular characterization and expression analyses of three RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway genes (MDA5, LGP2 and MAVS) in Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:535-549. [PMID: 27346150 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced and characterized melanoma differentiation-associated antigen 5 (LcMDA5), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LcLGP2) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (LcMAVS) from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The LcMDA5 encodes 969 amino acids and contains two caspase-associated and recruitment domains (CARDs), a DExDc (DExD/H box-containing domain), a HELICc (helicase superfamily C-terminal domain) and a C-terminal regulatory domain (RD). The LcLGP2 encodes 679 amino acids and contains a DExDc, a HELICc and a RD. The LcMAVS encodes 512 amino acids and contains a CARD, a proline-rich domain, a transmembrane helix domain and a putative TRAF2-binding motif ((269)PVQDT(273)). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the three genes of large yellow croaker are clustered together with their counterparts from other teleost fishes. The Real-time PCR analyses showed that all the three genes were found to be constitutively expressed in all examined tissues in large yellow croaker, but all with relatively low expression levels. Expression analyses showed that the three genes were all rapidly and significantly upregulated in vivo after poly (I:C) challenge in peripheral blood, liver, spleen and head kidney tissues. The results indicate that the LcMDA5, LcLGP2 and LcMAVS might play important roles in antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
| | - Yiwen Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
| | - Jialang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
| | - Aiyi Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China.
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49
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Zhao C, Fu M, Wang C, Jiao Z, Qiu L. RNA-Seq analysis of immune-relevant genes in Lateolabrax japonicus during Vibrio anguillarum infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 52:57-64. [PMID: 26945936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lateolabrax japonicus is one of the main marine aquatic fish species, and is popularly cultured in East Asia due to its highly commercial value. In recent years, because of large-scale and intensive farming and seawater pollution, fish diseases keep breaking out. However, systematic study on L. japonicus immunogenetics is limited due to the deficiency of deep sequencing technologies and genome backgrounds. In this study, the widely analysis at the transcriptome level for L. japonicus that infected with Vibrio anguillarum was performed. In total, 334,388,688 high quality reads were obtained in six libraries (HK-VA, HK-PBS, LI-VA, LI-PBS, SP-VA and SP-PBS) and de novo assembled into 101,860 Unigenes with an average unigene length of 879 bp. Based on sequence similarity 30,142 unigenes (29.59%) were annotated in the public databases. Comparative analysis revealed, 1,202, 3034 and 3519 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three comparisons (HK-PBS VS HK-VA, LI-PBS VS LI-VA and SP-PBS VS SP-VA). Enrichment and pathway analysis of the DEGs was also carried out to excavate the candidate genes related to immunity. In conclusion, this study identifies and evaluates dozen of potential immune related pathways and candidate genes, which are indispensable for padding genomic resources of L. japonicus, and would lay the foundation for further studying and illuminating the mechanism of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Mingjun Fu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Chengyang Wang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zongyao Jiao
- Guangzhou Marine Engineering Vocational and Technical School, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China.
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50
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He J, Liu H, Yang J, Dong X, Wu C. Abundant members of Scavenger receptors family and their identification, characterization and expression against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in juvenile Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:297-309. [PMID: 26876357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors (SRs) are crucial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to defense pathogen infection in fish innate immunity. In this paper, some members in SRs family of Larimichthys crocea were identified, including eight genes in the class A, B, D and F families. (G + C) % of all SRs members held 51% ∼ 59%, and these genes were no obvious codon bias by analyzing the distribution of A-, T-, G- and C-ended codons. The order of Enc for all SRs members by sequencing was LycCD68 > LycSCARA5 > LycSCARB1 > LycCD163 > LycMARCO > LycSREC1 > LycSCARA3 > LycSREC2. Moreover, different lengths and numbers of exons and introns led to the diverse mRNAs and respective functional domains or motifs, for example, an optional cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain in LycMARCO and LycSCARA5, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF-like domain in LycSREC1 and LycSREC2. The sub-cellular localization demonstrated SRs members mainly located in plasma membrane or extracellular matrix. Further, all of the SRs members in L. crocea were almost low expressed in heart, gill and intestine, whereas high in spleen and liver. After stimulation by Vibrio alginolyticus, the class A and F families were induced significantly, but the class B and D families expressed less even none after pathogenic infection. All the findings would pave the way to understand not only the evolution of the SR-mediated immune response, but also the complexity of fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu He
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Xiangli Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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