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Velankar KY, Liu W, Hartmeier PR, Veleke SR, Reddy GA, Clegg B, Gawalt ES, Fan Y, Meng WS. Fibril-Guided Three-Dimensional Assembly of Human Fibroblastic Reticular Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38805413 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are stromal cells (SCs) that can be isolated from lymph node (LN) biopsies. Studies have shown that these nonhematopoietic cells have the capacity to shape and regulate adaptive immunity and can become a form of personalized cell therapy. Successful translational efforts, however, require the cells to be formulated as injectable units, with their native architecture preserved. The intrinsic reticular organization of FRCs, however, is lost in the monolayer cultures. Organizing FRCs into three-dimensional (3D) clusters would recapitulate their structural and functional attributes. Herein, we report a scaffolding method based on the self-assembling peptide (SAP) EAKII biotinylated at the N-terminus (EAKbt). Cross-linking with avidin transformed the EAKbt fibrils into a dense network of coacervates. The combined forces of fibrillization and bioaffinity interactions in the cross-linked EAKbt likely drove the cells into a cohesive 3D reticula. This facile method of generating clustered FRCs (clFRCs) can be completed within 10 days. In vitro clFRCs attracted the infiltration of T cells and rendered an immunosuppressive milieu in the cocultures. These results demonstrate the potential of clFRCs as a method for stromal cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Y Velankar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Paul R Hartmeier
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Samuel R Veleke
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Gayathri Aparnasai Reddy
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Benjamin Clegg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Ellen S Gawalt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yong Fan
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15212, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Chen X, Wang T, Chen L, Zhao Y, Deng Y, Shen W, Li L, Yin Z, Zhang C, Cai G, Zhang M, Chen X. Cross-species single-cell analysis uncovers the immunopathological mechanisms associated with IgA nephropathy progression. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e173651. [PMID: 38716725 PMCID: PMC11141938 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) represents the main cause of renal failure, while the precise pathogenetic mechanisms have not been fully determined. Herein, we conducted a cross-species single-cell survey on human IgAN and mouse and rat IgAN models to explore the pathogenic programs. Cross-species single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) revealed that the IgAN mesangial cells (MCs) expressed high levels of inflammatory signatures CXCL12, CCL2, CSF1, and IL-34 and specifically interacted with IgAN macrophages via the CXCL12/CXCR4, CSF1/IL-34/CSF1 receptor, and integrin subunit alpha X/integrin subunit alpha M/complement C3 (C3) axes. IgAN macrophages expressed high levels of CXCR4, PDGFB, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, TNF, and C3, and the trajectory analysis suggested that these cells derived from the differentiation of infiltrating blood monocytes. Additionally, protein profiling of 21 progression and 28 nonprogression IgAN samples revealed that proteins CXCL12, C3, mannose receptor C-type 1, and CD163 were negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value and poor prognosis (30% eGFR as composite end point). Last, a functional experiment revealed that specific blockade of the Cxcl12/Cxcr4 pathway substantially attenuated the glomerulus and tubule inflammatory injury, fibrosis, and renal function decline in the mouse IgAN model. This study provides insights into IgAN progression and may aid in the refinement of IgAN diagnosis and the optimization of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyao Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Wanjun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoran Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
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3
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Cruz de Casas P, Knöpper K, Dey Sarkar R, Kastenmüller W. Same yet different - how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:358-374. [PMID: 38097778 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs in which immune responses of the adaptive immune system are initiated and regulated. Distributed throughout the body and embedded in the lymphatic system, local lymph nodes are continuously informed about the state of the organs owing to a constant drainage of lymph. The tissue-derived lymph carries products of cell metabolism, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pathogens and circulating immune cells. Notably, there is a growing body of evidence that individual lymph nodes differ from each other in their capacity to generate immune responses. Here, we review the structure and function of the lymphatic system and then focus on the factors that lead to functional heterogeneity among different lymph nodes. We will discuss how lymph node heterogeneity impacts on cellular and humoral immune responses and the implications for vaccination, tumour development and tumour control by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cruz de Casas
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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4
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Horsnell HL, Cao WH, Belz GT, Mueller SN, Alexandre YO. The transcription factor SpiB regulates the fibroblastic reticular cell network and CD8 + T-cell responses in lymph nodes. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:269-279. [PMID: 38441326 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) construct microanatomical niches that support lymph node (LN) homeostasis and coordination of immune responses. Transcription factors regulating the functionality of FRCs remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the transcription factor SpiB that is expressed in LN FRCs. Conditional ablation of SpiB in FRCs impaired the FRC network in the T-cell zone of LNs, leading to reduced numbers of FRCs and altered homeostatic functions including reduced CCL21 and interleukin-7 expression. The size and cellularity of LNs remained intact in the absence of SpiB but the space between the reticular network increased, indicating that although FRCs were reduced in number they stretched to maintain network integrity. Following virus infection, antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses were impaired, suggesting a role for SpiB expression in FRCs in orchestrating immune responses. Together, our findings reveal a new role for SpiB as an important regulator of FRC functions and immunity in LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry L Horsnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wang Hj Cao
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Queensland Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Queensland Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Morrison AI, Mikula AM, Spiekstra SW, de Kok M, Affandi AJ, Roest HP, van der Laan LJW, de Winde CM, Koning JJ, Gibbs S, Mebius RE. An Organotypic Human Lymph Node Model Reveals the Importance of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells for Dendritic Cell Function. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:455-471. [PMID: 38114886 PMCID: PMC10987465 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lymph node (HuLN) models have emerged with invaluable potential for immunological research and therapeutic application given their fundamental role in human health and disease. While fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are instrumental to HuLN functioning, their inclusion and recognition of importance for organotypic in vitro lymphoid models remain limited. METHODS Here, we established an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model in a collagen-fibrin hydrogel with primary FRCs and a dendritic cell (DC) cell line (MUTZ-3 DC). To study and characterise the cellular interactions seen in this 3D FRC-DC organotypic model compared to the native HuLN; flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and cytokine/chemokine analysis were performed. RESULTS FRCs were pivotal for survival, proliferation and localisation of MUTZ-3 DCs. Additionally, we found that CD1a expression was absent on MUTZ-3 DCs that developed in the presence of FRCs during cytokine-induced MUTZ-3 DC differentiation, which was also seen with primary monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). This phenotype resembled HuLN-resident DCs, which we detected in primary HuLNs, and these CD1a- MUTZ-3 DCs induced T cell proliferation within a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), indicating a functional DC status. FRCs expressed podoplanin (PDPN), CD90 (Thy-1), CD146 (MCAM) and Gremlin-1, thereby resembling the DC supporting stromal cell subset identified in HuLNs. CONCLUSION This 3D FRC-DC organotypic model highlights the influence and importance of FRCs for DC functioning in a more realistic HuLN microenvironment. As such, this work provides a starting point for the development of an in vitro HuLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Morrison
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra M Mikula
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W Spiekstra
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael de Kok
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alsya J Affandi
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M de Winde
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Krimpenfort LT, Degn SE, Heesters BA. The follicular dendritic cell: At the germinal center of autoimmunity? Cell Rep 2024; 43:113869. [PMID: 38431843 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases strain healthcare systems worldwide as their incidence rises, and current treatments put patients at risk for infections. An increased understanding of autoimmune diseases is required to develop targeted therapies that do not impair normal immune function. Many autoimmune diseases present with autoantibodies, which drive local or systemic inflammation. This indicates the presence of autoreactive B cells that have escaped tolerance. An important step in the development of autoreactive B cells is the germinal center (GC) reaction, where they undergo affinity maturation toward cognate self-antigen. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) perform the essential task of antigen presentation to B cells during the affinity maturation process. However, in recent years, it has become clear that FDCs play a much more active role in regulation of GC processes. Here, we evaluate the biology of FDCs in the context of autoimmune disease, with the goal of informing future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc T Krimpenfort
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Søren E Degn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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7
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Radtke AJ, Roschewski M. The follicular lymphoma tumor microenvironment at single-cell and spatial resolution. Blood 2024; 143:1069-1079. [PMID: 38194685 PMCID: PMC11103101 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a generally incurable malignancy that originates from developmentally blocked germinal center B cells residing, primarily, within lymph nodes (LNs). During the long natural history of FL, malignant B cells often disseminate to multiple LNs and can affect virtually any organ. Nonmalignant LNs are highly organized structures distributed throughout the body, in which they perform functions critical for host defense. In FL, the malignant B cells "re-educate" the lymphoid environment by altering the phenotype, distribution, and abundance of other cells such as T cells, macrophages, and subsets of stromal cells. Consequently, dramatic anatomical changes occur and include alterations in the number, shape, and size of neoplastic follicles with an accompanying attenuation of the T-cell zone. Ongoing and dynamic interactions between FL B cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) result in significant clinical heterogeneity observed both within and across patients. Over time, FL evolves into pathological variants associated with distinct outcomes, ranging from an indolent disease to more aggressive clinical courses with early death. Given the importance of both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors in shaping disease progression and patient survival, comprehensive examination of FL tumors is critical. Here, we describe the cellular composition and architecture of normal and malignant human LNs and provide a broad overview of emerging technologies for deconstructing the FL TME at single-cell and spatial resolution. We additionally discuss the importance of capturing samples at landmark time points as well as longitudinally for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Radtke
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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8
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Chin MHW, Reid B, Lachina V, Acton SE, Coppens MO. Bioinspired 3D microprinted cell scaffolds: Integration of graph theory to recapitulate complex network wiring in lymph nodes. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300359. [PMID: 37986209 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Physical networks are ubiquitous in nature, but many of them possess a complex organizational structure that is difficult to recapitulate in artificial systems. This is especially the case in biomedical and tissue engineering, where the microstructural details of 3D cell scaffolds are important. Studies of biological networks-such as fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) networks-have revealed the crucial role of network topology in a range of biological functions. However, cell scaffolds are rarely analyzed, or designed, using graph theory. To understand how networks affect adhered cells, 3D culture platforms capturing the complex topological properties of biologically relevant networks would be needed. In this work, we took inspiration from the small-world organization (high clustering and low path length) of FRC networks to design cell scaffolds. An algorithmic toolset was created to generate the networks and process them to improve their 3D printability. We employed tools from graph theory to show that the networks were small-world (omega factor, ω = -0.10 ± 0.02; small-world propensity, SWP = 0.74 ± 0.01). 3D microprinting was employed to physicalize networks as scaffolds, which supported the survival of FRCs. This work, therefore, represents a bioinspired, graph theory-driven approach to control the networks of microscale cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H W Chin
- EPSRC "Frontier Engineering" Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering (CNIE) and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Barry Reid
- EPSRC "Frontier Engineering" Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering (CNIE) and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Veronika Lachina
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marc-Olivier Coppens
- EPSRC "Frontier Engineering" Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering (CNIE) and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, UK
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9
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Ruef N, Martínez Magdaleno J, Ficht X, Purvanov V, Palayret M, Wissmann S, Pfenninger P, Stolp B, Thelen F, Barreto de Albuquerque J, Germann P, Sharpe J, Abe J, Legler DF, Stein JV. Exocrine gland-resident memory CD8 + T cells use mechanosensing for tissue surveillance. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd5724. [PMID: 38134242 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident CD8+ T cells (TRM) continuously scan peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes in their organ of residence to intercept microbial invaders. Recent data showed that TRM lodged in exocrine glands scan tissue in the absence of any chemoattractant or adhesion receptor signaling, thus bypassing the requirement for canonical migration-promoting factors. The signals eliciting this noncanonical motility and its relevance for organ surveillance have remained unknown. Using mouse models of viral infections, we report that exocrine gland TRM autonomously generated front-to-back F-actin flow for locomotion, accompanied by high cortical actomyosin contractility, and leading-edge bleb formation. The distinctive mode of exocrine gland TRM locomotion was triggered by sensing physical confinement and was closely correlated with nuclear deformation, which acts as a mechanosensor via an arachidonic acid and Ca2+ signaling pathway. By contrast, naïve CD8+ T cells or TRM surveilling microbe-exposed epithelial barriers did not show mechanosensing capacity. Inhibition of nuclear mechanosensing disrupted exocrine gland TRM scanning and impaired their ability to intercept target cells. These findings indicate that confinement is sufficient to elicit autonomous T cell surveillance in glands with restricted chemokine expression and constitutes a scanning strategy that complements chemosensing-dependent migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ruef
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jose Martínez Magdaleno
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Purvanov
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Palayret
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Wissmann
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Petra Pfenninger
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Stolp
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Flavian Thelen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zürich and University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Germann
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Sharpe
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio' Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Pietilä R, Del Gaudio F, He L, Vázquez-Liébanas E, Vanlandewijck M, Muhl L, Mocci G, Bjørnholm KD, Lindblad C, Fletcher-Sandersjöö A, Svensson M, Thelin EP, Liu J, van Voorden AJ, Torres M, Antila S, Xin L, Karlström H, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH, Moggio A, Hansson EM, Ulvmar MH, Nilsson P, Mäkinen T, Andaloussi Mäe M, Alitalo K, Proulx ST, Engelhardt B, McDonald DM, Lendahl U, Andrae J, Betsholtz C. Molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges. Neuron 2023; 111:3745-3764.e7. [PMID: 37776854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Leptomeninges, consisting of the pia mater and arachnoid, form a connective tissue investment and barrier enclosure of the brain. The exact nature of leptomeningeal cells has long been debated. In this study, we identify five molecularly distinct fibroblast-like transcriptomes in cerebral leptomeninges; link them to anatomically distinct cell types of the pia, inner arachnoid, outer arachnoid barrier, and dural border layer; and contrast them to a sixth fibroblast-like transcriptome present in the choroid plexus and median eminence. Newly identified transcriptional markers enabled molecular characterization of cell types responsible for adherence of arachnoid layers to one another and for the arachnoid barrier. These markers also proved useful in identifying the molecular features of leptomeningeal development, injury, and repair that were preserved or changed after traumatic brain injury. Together, the findings highlight the value of identifying fibroblast transcriptional subsets and their cellular locations toward advancing the understanding of leptomeningeal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Pietilä
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca Del Gaudio
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisa Vázquez-Liébanas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Mocci
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Katrine D Bjørnholm
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric P Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A Jantine van Voorden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Torres
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Salli Antila
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Li Xin
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helena Karlström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Hildegard Bergersen
- Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Center for Healthy Aging, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil M Hansson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria H Ulvmar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
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11
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Lancaster JN. Aging of lymphoid stromal architecture impacts immune responses. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101817. [PMID: 37572552 PMCID: PMC10929705 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) undergo structural changes with age, which correlates with diminishing immune responses against infectious disease. A growing body of research suggests that the aged tissue microenvironment can contribute to decreased immune function, independent of intrinsic changes to hematopoietic cells with age. Stromal cells impart structural integrity, facilitate fluid transport, and provide chemokine and cytokine signals that are essential for immune homeostasis. Mechanisms that drive SLO development have been described, but their roles in SLO maintenance with advanced age are unknown. Disorganization of the fibroblasts of the T cell and B cell zones may reduce the maintenance of naïve lymphocytes and delay immune activation. Reduced lymphatic transport efficiency with age can also delay the onset of the adaptive immune response. This review focuses on recent studies that describe age-associated changes to the stroma of the lymph nodes and spleen. We also review recent investigations into stromal cell biology, which include high-dimensional analysis of the stromal cell transcriptome and viscoelastic testing of lymph node mechanical properties, as they constitute an important framework for understanding aging of the lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Lancaster
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
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12
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Ikeogu N, Ajibola O, Zayats R, Murooka TT. Identifying physiological tissue niches that support the HIV reservoir in T cells. mBio 2023; 14:e0205323. [PMID: 37747190 PMCID: PMC10653859 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02053-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) can efficiently suppress Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) replication to undetectable levels, but rare populations of infected memory CD4+ T cells continue to persist, complicating viral eradication efforts. Memory T cells utilize distinct homing and adhesion molecules to enter, exit, or establish residence at diverse tissue sites, integrating cellular and environmental cues that maintain homeostasis and life-long protection against pathogens. Critical roles for T cell receptor and cytokine signals driving clonal expansion and memory generation during immunity generation are well established, but whether HIV-infected T cells can utilize similar mechanisms for their own long-term survival is unclear. How infected, but transcriptionally silent T cells maintain their recirculation potential through blood and peripheral tissues, or whether they acquire new capabilities to establish unique peripheral tissue niches, is also not well understood. In this review, we will discuss the cellular and molecular cues that are important for memory T cell homeostasis and highlight opportunities for HIV to hijack normal immunological processes to establish long-term viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Romaniya Zayats
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas T. Murooka
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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13
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Hegewisch-Solloa E, Nalin AP, Freud AG, Mace EM. Deciphering the localization and trajectory of human natural killer cell development. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:487-506. [PMID: 36869821 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells represent the first line of cellular immunity, comprised of both circulating and tissue-resident natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells. These innate lymphocytes arise from a common CD34+ progenitor that differentiates into mature natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells. The successive stages in natural killer cell maturation are characterized by increased lineage restriction and changes to phenotype and function. Mechanisms of human natural killer cell development have not been fully elucidated, especially the role of signals that drive the spatial localization and maturation of natural killer cells. Cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and chemokines provide maturation signals and influence the trafficking of natural killer cell progenitors to peripheral sites of differentiation. Here we present the latest advances in our understanding of natural killer and innate lymphoid cell development in peripheral sites, including secondary lymphoid tissues (i.e. tonsil). Recent work in the field has provided a model for the spatial distribution of natural killer cell and innate lymphoid cell developmental intermediates in tissue and generated further insights into the developmental niche. In support of this model, future studies using multifaceted approaches seek to fully map the developmental trajectory of human natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Hegewisch-Solloa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St. New York, NY 10032, USA
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14
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Torres DJ, Mrass P, Byrum J, Gonzales A, Martinez DN, Juarez E, Thompson E, Vezys V, Moses ME, Cannon JL. Quantitative analyses of T cell motion in tissue reveals factors driving T cell search in tissues. eLife 2023; 12:e84916. [PMID: 37870221 PMCID: PMC10672806 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are required to clear infection, and T cell motion plays a role in how quickly a T cell finds its target, from initial naive T cell activation by a dendritic cell to interaction with target cells in infected tissue. To better understand how different tissue environments affect T cell motility, we compared multiple features of T cell motion including speed, persistence, turning angle, directionality, and confinement of T cells moving in multiple murine tissues using microscopy. We quantitatively analyzed naive T cell motility within the lymph node and compared motility parameters with activated CD8 T cells moving within the villi of small intestine and lung under different activation conditions. Our motility analysis found that while the speeds and the overall displacement of T cells vary within all tissues analyzed, T cells in all tissues tended to persist at the same speed. Interestingly, we found that T cells in the lung show a marked population of T cells turning at close to 180o, while T cells in lymph nodes and villi do not exhibit this "reversing" movement. T cells in the lung also showed significantly decreased meandering ratios and increased confinement compared to T cells in lymph nodes and villi. These differences in motility patterns led to a decrease in the total volume scanned by T cells in lung compared to T cells in lymph node and villi. These results suggest that the tissue environment in which T cells move can impact the type of motility and ultimately, the efficiency of T cell search for target cells within specialized tissues such as the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulus Mrass
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Janie Byrum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Emily Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Melanie E Moses
- Department of Computer Science, University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Judy L Cannon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueUnited States
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15
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Liu R, Ye Z, Liu Q, Xuan M, Li R, Zhang L, Zhang K, Fang P, Xue Y. MicroRNA-376b is involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy by regulating HAS2. Endocrine 2023; 82:87-95. [PMID: 37231239 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients and to explore the molecular mechanisms of MicroRNA-376b (miR-376b) in the pathogenesis of TAO. METHODS PBMCs from TAO patients and healthy controls were analyzed by miRNA microarray to screen for the significantly differentially expressed miRNAs. The miR-376b expression in PBMCs were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The downstream target of miR-376b was screened by online bioinformatics, and detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with normal controls, 26 miRNAs were significantly different in PBMCs of TAO patients (14 miRNAs were down-regulated and 12 miRNAs were up-regulated). Among them, miR-376b expression was significantly decreased in PBMCs from TAO patients compared to healthy controls. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that miR-376b expression in PBMCs was significantly negatively correlated with free triiodothyronine (FT3), and positively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). MiR-376b expression was obviously reduced in 6T-CEM cells after triiodothyronine (T3) stimulation compared to controls. MiR-376b mimics significantly decreased hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) protein expression and the mRNA expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in 6T-CEM cells, whereas miR-376b inhibitors markedly elevated HAS2 protein expression and gene expression of ICAM1 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS MiR-376b expression in PBMCs was significantly decreased in PBMCs from TAO patients compared with the healthy controls. MiR-376b, regulated by T3, could modulate the expression of HAS2 and inflammatory factors. We speculate that miR-376b may be involved in the pathogenesis of TAO patients by regulating the expression of HAS2 and inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqin Ye
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Koehrer S, Burger JA. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Disease Biology. Acta Haematol 2023; 147:8-21. [PMID: 37717577 DOI: 10.1159/000533610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is crucial for normal B-cell development and adaptive immunity. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the malignant B cells display many features of normal mature B lymphocytes, including the expression of functional B-cell receptors (BCRs). Cross talk between CLL cells and the microenvironment in secondary lymphatic organs results in BCR signaling and BCR-driven proliferation of the CLL cells. This critical pathomechanism can be targeted by blocking BCR-related kinases (BTK, PI3K, spleen tyrosine kinase) using small-molecule inhibitors. Among these targets, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have the highest therapeutic efficacy; they effectively block leukemia cell proliferation and generally induce durable remissions in CLL patients, even in patients with high-risk disease. By disrupting tissue homing receptor (i.e., chemokine receptor and adhesion molecule) signaling, these kinase inhibitors also mobilize CLL cells from the lymphatic tissues into the peripheral blood (PB), causing a transient redistribution lymphocytosis, thereby depriving CLL cells from nurturing factors within the tissue niches. SUMMARY The clinical success of the BTK inhibitors in CLL underscores the central importance of the BCR in CLL pathogenesis. Here, we review CLL pathogenesis with a focus on the role of the BCR and other microenvironment cues. KEY MESSAGES (i) CLL cells rely on signals from their microenvironment for proliferation and survival. (ii) These signals are mediated by the BCR as well as chemokine and integrin receptors and their respective ligands. (iii) Targeting the CLL/microenvironment interaction with small-molecule inhibitors provides a highly effective treatment strategy, even in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koehrer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Clinical Genetics, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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D'Rozario J, Knoblich K, Lütge M, Shibayama CP, Cheng HW, Alexandre YO, Roberts D, Campos J, Dutton EE, Suliman M, Denton AE, Turley SJ, Boyd RL, Mueller SN, Ludewig B, Heng TSP, Fletcher AL. Fibroblastic reticular cells provide a supportive niche for lymph node-resident macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250355. [PMID: 36991561 PMCID: PMC10947543 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is home to resident macrophage populations that are essential for immune function and homeostasis, but key factors controlling this niche are undefined. Here, we show that fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are an essential component of the LN macrophage niche. Genetic ablation of FRCs caused rapid loss of macrophages and monocytes from LNs across two in vivo models. Macrophages co-localized with FRCs in human LNs, and murine single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that FRC subsets broadly expressed master macrophage regulator CSF1. Functional assays containing purified FRCs and monocytes showed that CSF1R signaling was sufficient to support macrophage development. These effects were conserved between mouse and human systems. These data indicate an important role for FRCs in maintaining the LN parenchymal macrophage niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D'Rozario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Konstantin Knoblich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Roberts
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joana Campos
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma E Dutton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muath Suliman
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice E Denton
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Boyd
- Cartherics Pty Ltd, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tracy S P Heng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anne L Fletcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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18
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Xia Y, Fu S, Ma Q, Liu Y, Zhang N. Application of Nano-Delivery Systems in Lymph Nodes for Tumor Immunotherapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:145. [PMID: 37269391 PMCID: PMC10239433 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a promising research "hotspot" in cancer treatment. "Soldier" immune cells are not uniform throughout the body; they accumulate mostly in the immune organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes (LNs), etc. The unique structure of LNs provides the microenvironment suitable for the survival, activation, and proliferation of multiple types of immune cells. LNs play an important role in both the initiation of adaptive immunity and the generation of durable anti-tumor responses. Antigens taken up by antigen-presenting cells in peripheral tissues need to migrate with lymphatic fluid to LNs to activate the lymphocytes therein. Meanwhile, the accumulation and retaining of many immune functional compounds in LNs enhance their efficacy significantly. Therefore, LNs have become a key target for tumor immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the nonspecific distribution of the immune drugs in vivo greatly limits the activation and proliferation of immune cells, which leads to unsatisfactory anti-tumor effects. The efficient nano-delivery system to LNs is an effective strategy to maximize the efficacy of immune drugs. Nano-delivery systems have shown beneficial in improving biodistribution and enhancing accumulation in lymphoid tissues, exhibiting powerful and promising prospects for achieving effective delivery to LNs. Herein, the physiological structure and the delivery barriers of LNs were summarized and the factors affecting LNs accumulation were discussed thoroughly. Moreover, developments in nano-delivery systems were reviewed and the transformation prospects of LNs targeting nanocarriers were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunli Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Song S, Senoussi M, Escande P, Villoutreix P. Random walk informed heterogeneity detection reveals how the lymph node conduit network influences T cells collective exploration behavior. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011168. [PMID: 37224180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Random walks on networks are widely used to model stochastic processes such as search strategies, transportation problems or disease propagation. A prominent example of such process is the dynamics of naive T cells within the lymph node while they are scanning for antigens. The observed T cells trajectories in small sub-volumes of the lymph node are well modeled as a random walk and they have been shown to follow the lymphatic conduit network as substrate for migration. One can then ask how does the connectivity patterns of the lymph node conduit network affect the T cells collective exploration behavior. In particular, does the network display properties that are uniform across the whole volume of the lymph node or can we distinguish some heterogeneities? We propose a workflow to accurately and efficiently define and compute these quantities on large networks, which enables us to characterize heterogeneities within a very large published dataset of Lymph Node Conduit Network. To establish the significance of our results, we compared the results obtained on the lymph node to null models of varying complexity. We identified significantly heterogeneous regions characterized as "remote regions" at the poles and next to the medulla, while a large portion of the network promotes uniform exploration by T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Song
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Malek Senoussi
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Escande
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Villoutreix
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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20
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Song J, Deshpande T, Zhang X, Hannocks MJ, Lycke N, Cardell SL, Sorokin L. The extracellular matrix of lymph node reticular fibers modulates follicle border interactions and germinal center formation. iScience 2023; 26:106753. [PMID: 37234087 PMCID: PMC10206498 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) formation and antibody production in lymph node follicles require coordinated interactions between B-cells, T-cells and dendritic cells (DCs), orchestrated by the extracellular matrix-rich reticular fiber (RF) network. We describe a unique laminin 523-containing RF network around and between follicles that associates with PDGFrecβhighCCL19lowgp38low fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC). In the absence of FRC expression of laminin α5 (pdgfrb-cre:Lama5fl/fl), pre-Tfh-cells, B-cells and DCs are displaced from follicle borders, correlating with fewer Tfh-cells and GC B-cells. Total DCs are not altered in pdgfrb-cre:Lama5fl/fl mice, but cDC2s, which localize to laminin α5 in RFs at follicle borders, are reduced. In addition, PDGFrecβhighCCL19lowgp38low FRCs show lower Ch25h expression, required for 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol synthesis that attracts pre-Tfh-cells, B-cells and DCs to follicle borders. We propose that RF basement membrane components represent a type of tissue memory that guides the localization and differentiation of both specialized FRC and DC populations, required for normal lymph node function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tushar Deshpande
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Melanie-Jane Hannocks
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Nils Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna L. Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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21
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Collins DR, Hitschfel J, Urbach JM, Mylvaganam GH, Ly NL, Arshad U, Racenet ZJ, Yanez AG, Diefenbach TJ, Walker BD. Cytolytic CD8 + T cells infiltrate germinal centers to limit ongoing HIV replication in spontaneous controller lymph nodes. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade5872. [PMID: 37205767 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Follicular CD8+ T cells (fCD8) mediate surveillance in lymph node (LN) germinal centers against lymphotropic infections and cancers, but the precise mechanisms by which these cells mediate immune control remain incompletely resolved. To address this, we investigated functionality, clonotypic compartmentalization, spatial localization, phenotypic characteristics, and transcriptional profiles of LN-resident virus-specific CD8+ T cells in persons who control HIV without medications. Antigen-induced proliferative and cytolytic potential consistently distinguished spontaneous controllers from noncontrollers. T cell receptor analysis revealed complete clonotypic overlap between peripheral and LN-resident HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Transcriptional analysis of LN CD8+ T cells revealed gene signatures of inflammatory chemotaxis and antigen-induced effector function. In HIV controllers, the cytotoxic effectors perforin and granzyme B were elevated among virus-specific CXCR5+ fCD8s proximate to foci of HIV RNA within germinal centers. These results provide evidence consistent with cytolytic control of lymphotropic infection supported by inflammatory recruitment, antigen-specific proliferation, and cytotoxicity of fCD8s.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Collins
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Julia Hitschfel
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Geetha H Mylvaganam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ngoc L Ly
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Umar Arshad
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Adrienne G Yanez
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Ozulumba T, Montalbine AN, Ortiz-Cárdenas JE, Pompano RR. New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183286. [PMID: 37234163 PMCID: PMC10206051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body's adaptive immune response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial assortment of lymphocytes and stromal cells, as well as chemokines that drive the signaling cascades which underpin immune responses. Investigations of lymph node biology were historically explored in vivo in animal models, using technologies that were breakthroughs in their time such as immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, genetic reporters, in vivo two-photon imaging, and, more recently spatial biology techniques. However, new approaches are needed to enable tests of cell behavior and spatiotemporal dynamics under well controlled experimental perturbation, particularly for human immunity. This review presents a suite of technologies, comprising in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models, developed to study the lymph node or its components. We discuss the use of these tools to model cell behaviors in increasing order of complexity, from cell motility, to cell-cell interactions, to organ-level functions such as vaccination. Next, we identify current challenges regarding cell sourcing and culture, real time measurements of lymph node behavior in vivo and tool development for analysis and control of engineered cultures. Finally, we propose new research directions and offer our perspective on the future of this rapidly growing field. We anticipate that this review will be especially beneficial to immunologists looking to expand their toolkit for probing lymph node structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Ozulumba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alyssa N. Montalbine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Ortiz-Cárdenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia (UVA) Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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23
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Shi H, Shao B. LFA-1 Activation in T-Cell Migration and Immunological Synapse Formation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081136. [PMID: 37190045 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin LFA-1 plays a critical role in T-cell migration and in the formation of immunological synapses. LFA-1 functions through interacting with its ligands with differing affinities: low, intermediate, and high. Most prior research has studied how LFA-1 in the high-affinity state regulates the trafficking and functions of T cells. LFA-1 is also presented in the intermediate-affinity state on T cells, however, the signaling to activate LFA-1 to the intermediate-affinity state and the role of LFA-1 in this affinity state both remain largely elusive. This review briefly summarizes the activation and roles of LFA-1 with varied ligand-binding affinities in the regulation of T-cell migration and immunological synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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24
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Interpreting T-cell search "strategies" in the light of evolution under constraints. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010918. [PMID: 36848395 PMCID: PMC9997883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two decades of in vivo imaging have revealed how diverse T-cell motion patterns can be. Such recordings have sparked the notion of search "strategies": T cells may have evolved ways to search for antigen efficiently depending on the task at hand. Mathematical models have indeed confirmed that several observed T-cell migration patterns resemble a theoretical optimum; for example, frequent turning, stop-and-go motion, or alternating short and long motile runs have all been interpreted as deliberately tuned behaviours, optimising the cell's chance of finding antigen. But the same behaviours could also arise simply because T cells cannot follow a straight, regular path through the tight spaces they navigate. Even if T cells do follow a theoretically optimal pattern, the question remains: which parts of that pattern have truly been evolved for search, and which merely reflect constraints from the cell's migration machinery and surroundings? We here employ an approach from the field of evolutionary biology to examine how cells might evolve search strategies under realistic constraints. Using a cellular Potts model (CPM), where motion arises from intracellular dynamics interacting with cell shape and a constraining environment, we simulate evolutionary optimization of a simple task: explore as much area as possible. We find that our simulated cells indeed evolve their motility patterns. But the evolved behaviors are not shaped solely by what is functionally optimal; importantly, they also reflect mechanistic constraints. Cells in our model evolve several motility characteristics previously attributed to search optimisation-even though these features are not beneficial for the task given here. Our results stress that search patterns may evolve for other reasons than being "optimal". In part, they may be the inevitable side effects of interactions between cell shape, intracellular dynamics, and the diverse environments T cells face in vivo.
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25
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Aqdas M, Sung MH. NF-κB dynamics in the language of immune cells. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:32-43. [PMID: 36473794 PMCID: PMC9811507 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Biological discovery has been driven by advances in throughput and resolution of analysis technologies. They have also created an indelible bias for snapshot-based knowledge. Even though recent methods such as multi-omics single-cell assays have empowered immunological investigations, they still provide snapshots of cellular behaviors and thus, have inherent limitations in reconstructing unsynchronized dynamic events across individual cells. Here, we present a rationale for how NF-κB may convey specificity of contextual information through subtle quantitative features of its signaling dynamics. The next frontier of predictive understanding should involve functional characterization of NF-κB signaling dynamics and their immunological implications. This may help solve the apparent paradox that a ubiquitously activated transcription factor can shape accurate responses to different immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aqdas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myong-Hee Sung
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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26
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Schwarzenberg FL, Schütz P, Hammel JU, Riedel M, Bartl J, Bordbari S, Frank SC, Walkenfort B, Busse M, Herzen J, Lohr C, Wülfing C, Henne S. Three-dimensional analyses of vascular network morphology in a murine lymph node by X-ray phase-contrast tomography with a 2D Talbot array. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947961. [PMID: 36524111 PMCID: PMC9745095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With growing molecular evidence for correlations between spatial arrangement of blood vasculature and fundamental immunological functions, carried out in distinct compartments of the subdivided lymph node, there is an urgent need for three-dimensional models that can link these aspects. We reconstructed such models at a 1.84 µm resolution by the means of X-ray phase-contrast imaging with a 2D Talbot array in a short time without any staining. In addition reconstructions are verified in immunohistochemistry staining as well as in ultrastructural analyses. While conventional illustrations of mammalian lymph nodes depict the hilus as a definite point of blood and lymphatic vessel entry and exit, our method revealed that multiple branches enter and emerge from an area that extends up to one third of the organ's surface. This could be a prerequisite for the drastic and location-dependent remodeling of vascularization, which is necessary for lymph node expansion during inflammation. Contrary to corrosion cast studies we identified B-cell follicles exhibiting a two times denser capillary network than the deep cortical units of the T-cell zone. In addition to our observation of high endothelial venules spatially surrounding the follicles, this suggests a direct connection between morphology and B-cell homing. Our findings will deepen the understanding of functional lymph node composition and lymphocyte migration on a fundamental basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian L. Schwarzenberg
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Schütz
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg U. Hammel
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Mirko Riedel
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany,Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bartl
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svea-Celina Frank
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Madleen Busse
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Lohr
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Wülfing
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Henne
- INI-Research, Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Stephan Henne,
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27
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Grout JA, Sirven P, Leader AM, Maskey S, Hector E, Puisieux I, Steffan F, Cheng E, Tung N, Maurin M, Vaineau R, Karpf L, Plaud M, Bègue AL, Ganesh K, Mesple J, Casanova-Acebes M, Tabachnikova A, Keerthivasan S, Lansky A, Bérichel JL, Walker L, Rahman AH, Gnjatic S, Girard N, Lefèvre M, Damotte D, Adam J, Martin JC, Wolf A, Flores RM, Beasley MB, Pradhan R, Müller S, Marron TU, Turley SJ, Merad M, Kenigsberg E, Salmon H. Spatial Positioning and Matrix Programs of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote T-cell Exclusion in Human Lung Tumors. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2606-2625. [PMID: 36027053 PMCID: PMC9633420 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is currently accepted that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) participate in T-cell exclusion from tumor nests. To unbiasedly test this, we used single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with multiplex imaging on a large cohort of lung tumors. We identified four main CAF populations, two of which are associated with T-cell exclusion: (i) MYH11+αSMA+ CAF, which are present in early-stage tumors and form a single cell layer lining cancer aggregates, and (ii) FAP+αSMA+ CAF, which appear in more advanced tumors and organize in patches within the stroma or in multiple layers around tumor nests. Both populations orchestrate a particular structural tissue organization through dense and aligned fiber deposition compared with T cell-permissive CAF. Yet they produce distinct matrix molecules, including collagen IV (MYH11+αSMA+ CAF) and collagen XI/XII (FAP+αSMA+ CAF). Hereby, we uncovered unique molecular programs of CAF driving T-cell marginalization, whose targeting should increase immunotherapy efficacy in patients bearing T cell-excluded tumors. SIGNIFICANCE The cellular and molecular programs driving T-cell marginalization in solid tumors remain unclear. Here, we describe two CAF populations associated with T-cell exclusion in human lung tumors. We demonstrate the importance of pairing molecular and spatial analysis of the tumor microenvironment, a prerequisite to developing new strategies targeting T cell-excluding CAF. See related commentary by Sherman, p. 2501. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Grout
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philémon Sirven
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Andrew M. Leader
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shrisha Maskey
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eglantine Hector
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Puisieux
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Steffan
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Evan Cheng
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navpreet Tung
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Romain Vaineau
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Léa Karpf
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Plaud
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Bègue
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Koushik Ganesh
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Mesple
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Maria Casanova-Acebes
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Tabachnikova
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shilpa Keerthivasan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alona Lansky
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Le Bérichel
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Walker
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeeb H. Rahman
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Thorax Institute Curie Montsouris, Institut Curie, Paris, France; UVSQ, Paris Saclay University, Versailles, France
| | - Marine Lefèvre
- Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Department of Pathology, Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jerome C. Martin
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raja M. Flores
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Beasley
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachana Pradhan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sören Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas U. Marron
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shannon J. Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ephraim Kenigsberg
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Senior authors
| | - Hélène Salmon
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Senior authors
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28
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Daniel L, Bhattacharyya ND, Counoupas C, Cai Y, Chen X, Triccas JA, Britton WJ, Feng CG. Stromal structure remodeling by B lymphocytes limits T cell activation in lymph nodes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157873. [PMID: 36317628 PMCID: PMC9621141 DOI: 10.1172/jci157873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective adaptive immune response depends on the organized architecture of secondary lymphoid organs, including the lymph nodes (LNs). While the cellular composition and microanatomy of LNs under steady state are well defined, the impact of chronic tissue inflammation on the structure and function of draining LNs is incompletely understood. Here we showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remodeled LN architecture by increasing the number and paracortical translocation of B cells. The formation of paracortical B lymphocyte and CD35+ follicular dendritic cell clusters dispersed CCL21-producing fibroblastic reticular cells and segregated pathogen-containing myeloid cells from antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Depletion of B cells restored the chemokine and lymphoid structure and reduced bacterial burdens in LNs of the chronically infected mice. Importantly, this remodeling process impaired activation of naive CD4+ T cells in response to mycobacterial and unrelated antigens during chronic tuberculosis infection. Our studies reveal a mechanism in the regulation of LN microanatomy during inflammation and identify B cells as a critical element limiting the T cell response to persistent intracellular infection in LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Daniel
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health.,Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and
| | - Nayan D Bhattacharyya
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health.,Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and.,Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - James A Triccas
- Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and.,Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute.,The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health.,Centenary Institute.,Charles Perkins Centre, and.,The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Thompson SB, Waldman MM, Jacobelli J. Polymerization power: effectors of actin polymerization as regulators of T lymphocyte migration through complex environments. FEBS J 2022; 289:6154-6171. [PMID: 34273243 PMCID: PMC8761786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During their life span, T cells are tasked with patrolling the body for potential pathogens. To do so, T cells migrate through numerous distinct anatomical sites and tissue environments with different biophysical characteristics. To migrate through these different environments, T cells use various motility strategies that rely on actin network remodeling to generate shape changes and mechanical forces. In this review, we initially discuss the migratory journey of T cells and then cover the actin polymerization effectors at play in T cells, and finally, we focus on the function of these effectors of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in mediating T-cell migration through diverse tissue environments. Specifically, we will discuss the current state of the field pertaining to our understanding of the roles in T-cell migration played by members of the three main families of actin polymerization machinery: the Arp2/3 complex; formin proteins; and Ena/VASP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Thompson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Monique M. Waldman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine
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30
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Tamburini BAJ. Contributions of PD-L1 reverse signaling to dendritic cell trafficking. FEBS J 2022; 289:6256-6266. [PMID: 34146376 PMCID: PMC8684559 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interactions are critical for dampening the immune response to both self and foreign antigens. The signaling of PD-L1 via its cytoplasmic domain, rather than through its interactions with PD-1 via the extracellular domain, has been termed PD-L1 reverse signaling. While this signaling is beneficial for cancer progression, little is understood about the consequences of PD-L1 reverse signaling in immune cells that express PD-L1 at steady state or in response to infection. Loss of PD-L1 during infection leads to unchecked T-cell proliferation and increased autoimmune T-cell responses. While the T-cell intrinsic role of PD-1 for inhibiting T-cell responses has been well explored, little to no effort has been directed at investigating the consequences of PD-L1 reverse signaling on the DCs interacting with PD-1+ T cells. We recently reported a defect in dendritic cell (DC) trafficking from the skin to the draining lymph node (LN) following immunization or infection in the absence of PD-L1. We demonstrated that a region within the cytoplasmic tail was responsible for the defect in DC trafficking. Here, we review the processes involved in DC trafficking and highlight what we know about PD-L1 expression, PD-L1 post-translational modifications, PD-L1 intracellular interactions, and PD-L1 extracellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Ann Jirón Tamburini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
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31
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Intravital microscopy for real-time monitoring of drug delivery and nanobiological processes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114528. [PMID: 36067968 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) expands our understanding of cellular and molecular processes, with applications ranging from fundamental biology to (patho)physiology and immunology, as well as from drug delivery to drug processing and drug efficacy testing. In this review, we highlight modalities, methods and model organisms that make up today's IVM landscape, and we present how IVM - via its high spatiotemporal resolution - enables analysis of metabolites, small molecules, nanoparticles, immune cells, and the (tumor) tissue microenvironment. We furthermore present examples of how IVM facilitates the elucidation of nanomedicine kinetics and targeting mechanisms, as well as of biological processes such as immune cell death, host-pathogen interactions, metabolic states, and disease progression. We conclude by discussing the prospects of IVM clinical translation and examining the integration of machine learning in future IVM practice.
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32
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Yi L, Yang L. Stem-like T cells and niches: Implications in human health and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907172. [PMID: 36059484 PMCID: PMC9428355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence has elucidated the important role of T cells with stem-like characteristics in long-term maintenance of T cell responses and better patient outcomes after immunotherapy. The fate of TSL cells has been correlated with many physiological and pathological human processes. In this review, we described present advances demonstrating that stem-like T (TSL) cells are central players in human health and disease. We interpreted the evolutionary characteristics, mechanism and functions of TSL cells. Moreover, we discuss the import role of distinct niches and how they affect the stemness of TSL cells. Furthermore, we also outlined currently available strategies to generate TSL cells and associated affecting factors. Moreover, we summarized implication of TSL cells in therapies in two areas: stemness enhancement for vaccines, ICB, and adoptive T cell therapies, and stemness disruption for autoimmune disorders.
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33
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Talaat IM, Kim B. A brief glimpse of a tangled web in a small world: Tumor microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1002715. [PMID: 36045917 PMCID: PMC9421133 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor is a result of stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. This notion has deepened the understanding of cancer biology and has introduced the era of targeted therapies. On the other hand, there have been a series of attempts of using the immune system to treat tumors, dating back to ancient history, to sporadic reports of inflamed tumors undergoing spontaneous regression. This was succeeded by modern immunotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The recent breakthrough has broadened the sight to other players within tumor tissue. Tumor microenvironment is a niche or a system orchestrating reciprocal and dynamic interaction of various types of cells including tumor cells and non-cellular components. The output of this complex communication dictates the functions of the constituent elements present within it. More complicated factors are biochemical and biophysical settings unique to TME. This mini review provides a brief guide on a range of factors to consider in the TME research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Byoungkwon Kim
- Department of Pathology, H.H. Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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34
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Fibrotic Scar in CNS Injuries: From the Cellular Origins of Fibroblasts to the Molecular Processes of Fibrotic Scar Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152371. [PMID: 35954214 PMCID: PMC9367779 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma activates a persistent repair response that leads to fibrotic scar formation within the lesion. This scarring is similar to other organ fibrosis in many ways; however, the unique features of the CNS differentiate it from other organs. In this review, we discuss fibrotic scar formation in CNS trauma, including the cellular origins of fibroblasts, the mechanism of fibrotic scar formation following an injury, as well as the implication of the fibrotic scar in CNS tissue remodeling and regeneration. While discussing the shared features of CNS fibrotic scar and fibrosis outside the CNS, we highlight their differences and discuss therapeutic targets that may enhance regeneration in the CNS.
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35
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Horsnell HL, Tetley RJ, De Belly H, Makris S, Millward LJ, Benjamin AC, Heeringa LA, de Winde CM, Paluch EK, Mao Y, Acton SE. Lymph node homeostasis and adaptation to immune challenge resolved by fibroblast network mechanics. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1169-1182. [PMID: 35882934 PMCID: PMC9355877 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emergent physical properties of tissues are not readily understood by reductionist studies of their constituent cells. Here, we show molecular signals controlling cellular, physical, and structural properties and collectively determine tissue mechanics of lymph nodes, an immunologically relevant adult tissue. Lymph nodes paradoxically maintain robust tissue architecture in homeostasis yet are continually poised for extensive expansion upon immune challenge. We find that in murine models of immune challenge, cytoskeletal mechanics of a cellular meshwork of fibroblasts determine tissue tension independently of extracellular matrix scaffolds. We determine that C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2)-podoplanin signaling regulates the cell surface mechanics of fibroblasts, providing a mechanically sensitive pathway to regulate lymph node remodeling. Perturbation of fibroblast mechanics through genetic deletion of podoplanin attenuates T cell activation. We find that increased tissue tension through the fibroblastic stromal meshwork is required to trigger the initiation of fibroblast proliferation and restore homeostatic cellular ratios and tissue structure through lymph node expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry L Horsnell
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Tetley
- Tissue Mechanics Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry De Belly
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Spyridon Makris
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lindsey J Millward
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Agnesska C Benjamin
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucas A Heeringa
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte M de Winde
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- Tissue Mechanics Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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36
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Huang B, Park C, Thomsen JH, Preite S, Cannons JL, Garçon F, Schrom EC, Courrèges CJF, Veres TZ, Harrison J, Nus M, Phelan JD, Bergmeier W, Kehrl JH, Okkenhaug K, Schwartzberg PL. A CRISPR screen targeting PI3K effectors identifies RASA3 as a negative regulator of LFA-1-mediated adhesion in T cells. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabl9169. [PMID: 35857633 PMCID: PMC9637254 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl9169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) helps to coordinate the migration, adhesion, and activation of T cells through interactions with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and ICAM-2. LFA-1 is activated during the engagement of chemokine receptors and the T cell receptor (TCR) through inside-out signaling, a process that is partially mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its product phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). To evaluate potential roles of PI3K in LFA-1 activation, we designed a library of CRISPR/single guide RNAs targeting known and potential PIP3-binding proteins and screened for effects on the ability of primary mouse T cells to bind to ICAM-1. We identified multiple proteins that regulated the binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1, including the Rap1 and Ras GTPase-activating protein RASA3. We found that RASA3 suppressed LFA-1 activation in T cells, that its expression was rapidly reduced upon T cell activation, and that its activity was inhibited by PI3K. Loss of RASA3 in T cells led to increased Rap1 activation, defective lymph node entry and egress, and impaired responses to T-dependent immunization in mice. Our results reveal a critical role for RASA3 in T cell migration, homeostasis, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bonnie Huang
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chung Park
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Silvia Preite
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cannons
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fabien Garçon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Edward C Schrom
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Tibor Z Veres
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Harrison
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Meritxell Nus
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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37
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Kwok T, Medovich SC, Silva-Junior IA, Brown EM, Haug JC, Barrios MR, Morris KA, Lancaster JN. Age-Associated Changes to Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:838943. [PMID: 35821826 PMCID: PMC9261404 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.838943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The decreased proportion of antigen-inexperienced, naïve T cells is a hallmark of aging in both humans and mice, and contributes to reduced immune responses, particularly against novel and re-emerging pathogens. Naïve T cells depend on survival signals received during their circulation among the lymph nodes by direct contacts with stroma, in particular fibroblastic reticular cells. Macroscopic changes to the architecture of the lymph nodes have been described, but it is unclear how lymph node stroma are altered with age, and whether these changes contribute to reduced naïve T cell maintenance. Here, using 2-photon microscopy, we determined that the aged lymph node displayed increased fibrosis and correspondingly, that naïve T-cell motility was impaired in the aged lymph node, especially in proximity to fibrotic deposition. Functionally, adoptively transferred young naïve T-cells exhibited reduced homeostatic turnover in aged hosts, supporting the role of T cell-extrinsic mechanisms that regulate their survival. Further, we determined that early development of resident fibroblastic reticular cells was impaired, which may correlate to the declining levels of naïve T-cell homeostatic factors observed in aged lymph nodes. Thus, our study addresses the controversy as to whether aging impacts the composition lymph node stroma and supports a model in which impaired differentiation of lymph node fibroblasts and increased fibrosis inhibits the interactions necessary for naïve T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kwok
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Elise M Brown
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Joel C Haug
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | | | - Karina A Morris
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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38
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Assen FP, Abe J, Hons M, Hauschild R, Shamipour S, Kaufmann WA, Costanzo T, Krens G, Brown M, Ludewig B, Hippenmeyer S, Heisenberg CP, Weninger W, Hannezo E, Luther SA, Stein JV, Sixt M. Multitier mechanics control stromal adaptations in the swelling lymph node. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1246-1255. [PMID: 35817845 PMCID: PMC9355878 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) comprise two main structural elements: fibroblastic reticular cells that form dedicated niches for immune cell interaction and capsular fibroblasts that build a shell around the organ. Immunological challenge causes LNs to increase more than tenfold in size within a few days. Here, we characterized the biomechanics of LN swelling on the cellular and organ scale. We identified lymphocyte trapping by influx and proliferation as drivers of an outward pressure force, causing fibroblastic reticular cells of the T-zone (TRCs) and their associated conduits to stretch. After an initial phase of relaxation, TRCs sensed the resulting strain through cell matrix adhesions, which coordinated local growth and remodeling of the stromal network. While the expanded TRC network readopted its typical configuration, a massive fibrotic reaction of the organ capsule set in and countered further organ expansion. Thus, different fibroblast populations mechanically control LN swelling in a multitier fashion. Sixt and colleagues show that different fibroblast populations in the lymph node mechanically control its swelling in a multitier fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P Assen
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria. .,Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Hons
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria.,BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shayan Shamipour
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Walter A Kaufmann
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Tommaso Costanzo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gabriel Krens
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Markus Brown
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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39
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Waldman MM, Rahkola JT, Sigler AL, Chung JW, Willett BAS, Kedl RM, Friedman RS, Jacobelli J. Ena/VASP Protein-Mediated Actin Polymerization Contributes to Naïve CD8 + T Cell Activation and Expansion by Promoting T Cell-APC Interactions In Vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856977. [PMID: 35757762 PMCID: PMC9222560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve T cell activation in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LNs) occurs upon recognition of cognate antigen presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). T cell activation requires cytoskeleton rearrangement and sustained interactions with APCs. Enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) proteins are a family of cytoskeletal effector proteins responsible for actin polymerization and are frequently found at the leading edge of motile cells. Ena/VASP proteins have been implicated in motility and adhesion in various cell types, but their role in primary T cell interstitial motility and activation has not been explored. Our goal was to determine the contribution of Ena/VASP proteins to T cell–APC interactions, T cell activation, and T cell expansion in vivo. Our results showed that naïve T cells from Ena/VASP-deficient mice have a significant reduction in antigen-specific T cell accumulation following Listeria monocytogenes infection. The kinetics of T cell expansion impairment were further confirmed in Ena/VASP-deficient T cells stimulated via dendritic cell immunization. To investigate the cause of this T cell expansion defect, we analyzed T cell–APC interactions in vivo by two-photon microscopy and observed fewer Ena/VASP-deficient naïve T cells interacting with APCs in LNs during priming. We also determined that Ena/VASP-deficient T cells formed conjugates with significantly less actin polymerization at the T cell–APC synapse, and that these conjugates were less stable than their WT counterparts. Finally, we found that Ena/VASP-deficient T cells have less LFA-1 polarized to the T cell–APC synapse. Thus, we conclude that Ena/VASP proteins contribute to T cell actin remodeling during T cell–APC interactions, which promotes the initiation of stable T cell conjugates during APC scanning. Therefore, Ena/VASP proteins are required for efficient activation and expansion of T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M Waldman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeremy T Rahkola
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ashton L Sigler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Chung
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Benjamin A S Willett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel S Friedman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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40
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Chiodetti AL, Gérard A. Spatiotemporal behavior of T cells in vaccination. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106224. [PMID: 35537670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most cost-effective resource to contain and eliminate infectious diseases. Despite decades of research in the field, several pathogens have eluded the effect of conventional vaccines mostly due their failure in inducing strong T cell responses. There is a need for new vaccine technologies that can surpass this problem. Recent advances in imaging techniques have allowed the study of T cell dynamics within their surrounding cellular niches. This information is invaluable to elucidate the main cellular mechanisms to target in order to optimize vaccine efficiency. In this review, we summarize the most recent key discoveries in T cell behavior in the context of vaccination and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Chiodetti
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Gérard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY Oxford, United Kingdom.
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41
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Scheffler JM, Gustafsson KL, Barrett A, Corciulo C, Drevinge C, Del Carpio Pons AM, Humeniuk P, Engdahl C, Gustafsson J, Ohlsson C, Carlsten H, Lagerquist MK, Islander U. ERα signaling in a subset of CXCL12‐abundant reticular cells regulates trabecular bone in mice. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10657. [PMID: 35991530 PMCID: PMC9382863 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has pronounced effects on the immune system, which also influences bone homeostasis. In recent years, stromal cells in lymphoid organs have gained increasing attention as they not only support the regulation of immune responses but also affect bone remodeling. A conditional knockout mouse model where estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is deleted in CCL19‐expressing stromal cells (Ccl19‐Cre ERαfl/fl mice) was generated and bone densitometry was performed to analyze the importance of stromal cell–specific ERα signaling on the skeleton. Results showed that female Ccl19‐Cre ERαfl/fl mice display reduced total bone mineral density and detailed X‐ray analyses revealed that ERα expression in CCL19‐expressing stromal cells is important for trabecular but not cortical bone homeostasis. Further analysis showed that the trabecular bone loss is caused by increased osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, the bone formation rate was reduced; however, the expression of osteoprogenitor genes was not altered. Analysis of the bone marrow stromal cell compartment revealed a deletion of ERα in a subgroup of CXCL12‐abundant reticular (CAR) cells resulting in increased secretion of the pro‐osteoclastogenic chemokine CXCL12. In conclusion, this study reveals the importance of ERα signaling in CAR cells for bone health. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Scheffler
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Karin L. Gustafsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Aidan Barrett
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Christina Drevinge
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Alicia M. Del Carpio Pons
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Piotr Humeniuk
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jan‐Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas USA
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Huddinge Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marie Kristina Lagerquist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ulrika Islander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden
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42
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Doan TA, Forward T, Tamburini BAJ. Trafficking and retention of protein antigens across systems and immune cell types. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:275. [PMID: 35505125 PMCID: PMC9063628 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In response to infection or vaccination, the immune system initially responds non-specifically to the foreign insult (innate) and then develops a specific response to the foreign antigen (adaptive). The programming of the immune response is shaped by the dispersal and delivery of antigens. The antigen size, innate immune activation and location of the insult all determine how antigens are handled. In this review we outline which specific cell types are required for antigen trafficking, which processes require active compared to passive transport, the ability of specific cell types to retain antigens and the viruses (human immunodeficiency virus, influenza and Sendai virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus) and pattern recognition receptor activation that can initiate antigen retention. Both where the protein antigen is localized and how long it remains are critically important in shaping protective immune responses. Therefore, understanding antigen trafficking and retention is necessary to understand the type and magnitude of the immune response and essential for the development of novel vaccine and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu A Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Tadg Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA. .,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA. .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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43
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Kim D, Kim M, Kim TW, Choe YH, Noh HS, Jeon HM, Kim H, Lee Y, Hur G, Lee KM, Shin K, Lee SI, Lee SH. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells regulate differentiation and function of CD4 T cells via CD25. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20200795. [PMID: 35315876 PMCID: PMC8943836 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells (LN-FRCs) provide functional structure to LNs and play important roles in interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. However, the direct impact of LN-FRCs on naive CD4+ T cell differentiation has not been explored. Here, we show that T cell zone FRCs of LNs (LN-TRCs) express CD25, the α chain of the IL-2 receptor heterotrimer. Moreover, LN-TRCs trans-present IL-2 to naive CD4+ T cells through CD25, thereby facilitating early IL-2-mediated signaling. CD25-deficient LN-TRCs exhibit attenuated STAT5 phosphorylation in naive CD4+ T cells during T cell differentiation, promoting T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and Th17 response-related gene expression. In experimental autoimmune disease models, disease severity was elevated in mice lacking CD25 in LN-TRCs. Therefore, our results suggest that CD25 expression on LN-TRCs regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation by modulating early IL-2 signaling of neighboring, naive CD4+ T cells, influencing the overall properties of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-ho Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hae Sook Noh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jeon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - HyunSeok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gayeong Hur
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- R&D Division, GenoFocus Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihyuk Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sang-il Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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44
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Shimizu T, Kawaguchi Y, Ando H, Ishima Y, Ishida T. Development of an Antigen Delivery System for a B Cell-Targeted Vaccine as an Alternative to Dendritic Cell-Targeted Vaccines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:341-350. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Yoshino Kawaguchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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45
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He Y, Qu Y, Meng B, Huang W, Tang J, Wang R, Chen Z, Kou X, Shi S. Mesenchymal stem cells empower T cells in the lymph nodes via MCP-1/PD-L1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:365. [PMID: 35436982 PMCID: PMC9016066 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of immunosuppressive stromal cell found in multiple tissues and organs. However, whether MSCs possess immunosupportive characteristics remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the lymph nodes contain immunosupportive MSCs. They produce and secrete a high level of MCP-1 to promote T-cell proliferation and differentiation, in contrast to bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), which repress T-cell activation. Unlike BMMSCs, lymph node MSCs (LNMSCs) fail to respond to activated T-cell-induced production of PD-L1 to induce T-cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, MCP-1 activates phospho-Erk to sustain T-cell proliferation and activation while it represses NF-κB/PD-L1 pathway to avoid induction of T-cell apoptosis. Interestingly, inflammatory lymph node-derived LNMSCs abolish their immunosupportive function due to reduction of MCP-1 expression. Finally, we show that systemic infusion of LNMSCs rescues immunosuppression in cytoxan (CTX)-treated mice. This study reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying MSC-based immunoregulation using the MCP-1/PD-L1 axis to energize T cells and suggests a potential to use MSCs to treat immunosuppressive disorders.
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46
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Shou Y, Johnson SC, Quek YJ, Li X, Tay A. Integrative lymph node-mimicking models created with biomaterials and computational tools to study the immune system. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100269. [PMID: 35514433 PMCID: PMC9062348 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is a vital organ of the lymphatic and immune system that enables timely detection, response, and clearance of harmful substances from the body. Each LN comprises of distinct substructures, which host a plethora of immune cell types working in tandem to coordinate complex innate and adaptive immune responses. An improved understanding of LN biology could facilitate treatment in LN-associated pathologies and immunotherapeutic interventions, yet at present, animal models, which often have poor physiological relevance, are the most popular experimental platforms. Emerging biomaterial engineering offers powerful alternatives, with the potential to circumvent limitations of animal models, for in-depth characterization and engineering of the lymphatic and adaptive immune system. In addition, mathematical and computational approaches, particularly in the current age of big data research, are reliable tools to verify and complement biomaterial works. In this review, we first discuss the importance of lymph node in immunity protection followed by recent advances using biomaterials to create in vitro/vivo LN-mimicking models to recreate the lymphoid tissue microstructure and microenvironment, as well as to describe the related immuno-functionality for biological investigation. We also explore the great potential of mathematical and computational models to serve as in silico supports. Furthermore, we suggest how both in vitro/vivo and in silico approaches can be integrated to strengthen basic patho-biological research, translational drug screening and clinical personalized therapies. We hope that this review will promote synergistic collaborations to accelerate progress of LN-mimicking systems to enhance understanding of immuno-complexity.
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47
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Lenti E, Genovese L, Bianchessi S, Maurizio A, Sain SB, di Lillo A, Mattavelli G, Harel I, Bernassola F, Hehlgans T, Pfeffer K, Crosti M, Abrignani S, Evans SM, Sitia G, Guimarães-Camboa N, Russo V, van de Pavert SA, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Brendolan A. Fate mapping and scRNA sequencing reveal origin and diversity of lymph node stromal precursors. Immunity 2022; 55:606-622.e6. [PMID: 35358427 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) stromal cells play a crucial role in LN development and in supporting adaptive immune responses. However, their origin, differentiation pathways, and transcriptional programs are still elusive. Here, we used lineage-tracing approaches and single-cell transcriptome analyses to determine origin, transcriptional profile, and composition of LN stromal and endothelial progenitors. Our results showed that all major stromal cell subsets and a large proportion of blood endothelial cells originate from embryonic Hoxb6+ progenitors of the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), whereas lymphatic endothelial cells arise from Pax3+ progenitors of the paraxial mesoderm (PXM). Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the existence of different Cd34+ and Cxcl13+ stromal cell subsets and showed that embryonic LNs contain proliferating progenitors possibly representing the amplifying populations for terminally differentiated cells. Taken together, our work identifies the earliest embryonic sources of LN stromal and endothelial cells and demonstrates that stromal diversity begins already during LN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lenti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Genovese
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bianchessi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Maurizio
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia di Lillo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Mattavelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Itamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Leibniz Institute of Immunotherapy (LIT), Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical, Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Science and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nuno Guimarães-Camboa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin (partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main), Germany
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serge A van de Pavert
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Andrea Brendolan
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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48
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Huang JY, Lyons-Cohen MR, Gerner MY. Information flow in the spatiotemporal organization of immune responses. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:93-107. [PMID: 34845729 PMCID: PMC8837692 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses must be rapid, tightly orchestrated, and tailored to the encountered stimulus. Lymphatic vessels facilitate this process by continuously collecting immunological information (ie, antigens, immune cells, and soluble mediators) about the current state of peripheral tissues, and transporting these via the lymph across the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes (LNs), which are critical meeting points for innate and adaptive immune cells, are strategically located along the lymphatic network to intercept this information. Within LNs, immune cells are spatially organized, allowing them to efficiently respond to information delivered by the lymph, and to either promote immune homeostasis or mount protective immune responses. These responses involve the activation and functional cooperation of multiple distinct cell types and are tailored to the specific inflammatory conditions. The natural patterns of lymph flow can also generate spatial gradients of antigens and agonists within draining LNs, which can in turn further regulate innate cell function and localization, as well as the downstream generation of adaptive immunity. In this review, we explore how information transmitted by the lymph shapes the spatiotemporal organization of innate and adaptive immune responses in LNs, with particular focus on steady state and Type-I vs. Type-II inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Y Gerner
- Corresponding author: Michael Gerner, , Address: 750 Republican Street Seattle, WA 98109, Phone: 206-685-3610
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49
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Jacobelli J, Buser AE, Heiden DL, Friedman RS. Autoimmunity in motion: Mechanisms of immune regulation and destruction revealed by in vivo imaging. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:181-199. [PMID: 34825390 PMCID: PMC9135487 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity arises when mechanisms of immune tolerance fail. Here we discuss mechanisms of T cell activation and tolerance and the dynamics of the autoimmune response at the site of disease. Live imaging of autoimmunity provides the ability to analyze immune cell dynamics at the single-cell level within the complex intact environment where disease occurs. These analyses have revealed mechanisms of T cell activation and tolerance in the lymph nodes, mechanisms of T cell entry into sites of autoimmune disease, and mechanisms leading to pathogenesis or protection in the autoimmune lesions. The overarching conclusions point to stable versus transient T cell antigen presenting cell interactions dictating the balance between T cell activation and tolerance, and T cell restimulation as a driver of pathogenesis at the site of autoimmunity. Findings from models of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes are highlighted, however, the results have implications for basic mechanisms of T cell regulation during immune responses, tumor immunity, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Jacobelli
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alan E. Buser
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Dustin L. Heiden
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rachel S. Friedman
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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50
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Rajakaruna H, O'Connor JH, Cockburn IA, Ganusov VV. Liver Environment-Imposed Constraints Diversify Movement Strategies of Liver-Localized CD8 T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1292-1304. [PMID: 35131868 PMCID: PMC9250760 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific CD8 T cells face the problem of finding rare cells that present their cognate Ag either in the lymph node or in infected tissue. Although quantitative details of T cell movement strategies in some tissues such as lymph nodes or skin have been relatively well characterized, we still lack quantitative understanding of T cell movement in many other important tissues, such as the spleen, lung, liver, and gut. We developed a protocol to generate stable numbers of liver-located CD8 T cells, used intravital microscopy to record movement patterns of CD8 T cells in livers of live mice, and analyzed these and previously published data using well-established statistical and computational methods. We show that, in most of our experiments, Plasmodium-specific liver-localized CD8 T cells perform correlated random walks characterized by transiently superdiffusive displacement with persistence times of 10-15 min that exceed those observed for T cells in lymph nodes. Liver-localized CD8 T cells typically crawl on the luminal side of liver sinusoids (i.e., are in the blood); simulating T cell movement in digital structures derived from the liver sinusoids illustrates that liver structure alone is sufficient to explain the relatively long superdiffusive displacement of T cells. In experiments when CD8 T cells in the liver poorly attach to the sinusoids (e.g., 1 wk after immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites), T cells also undergo Lévy flights: large displacements occurring due to cells detaching from the endothelium, floating with the blood flow, and reattaching at another location. Our analysis thus provides quantitative details of movement patterns of liver-localized CD8 T cells and illustrates how structural and physiological details of the tissue may impact T cell movement patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H O'Connor
- Division of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; and
- Australian National University Medical School, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Division of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; and
| | - Vitaly V Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN;
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