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Ryu S, Kim KA, Kim J, Lee DH, Bae YS, Lee H, Kim BC, Kim HY. The protective roles of integrin α4β7 and Amphiregulin-expressing innate lymphoid cells in lupus nephritis. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01178-2. [PMID: 38806623 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as key regulators of the immune response in renal inflammatory diseases such as lupus nephritis. However, the mechanisms underlying ILC2 adhesion and migration in the kidney remain poorly understood. Here, we revealed the critical role of integrin α4β7 in mediating renal ILC2 adhesion and function. We found that integrin α4β7 enables the retention of ILC2s in the kidney by binding to VCAM-1, E-cadherin, or fibronectin on structural cells. Moreover, integrin α4β7 knockdown reduced the production of the reparative cytokine amphiregulin (Areg) by ILC2s. In lupus nephritis, TLR7/9 signaling within the kidney microenvironment downregulates integrin α4β7 expression, leading to decreased Areg production and promoting the egress of ILC2s. Notably, IL-33 treatment upregulated integrin α4β7 and Areg expression in ILC2s, thereby enhancing survival and reducing inflammation in lupus nephritis. Together, these findings highlight the potential of targeting ILC2 adhesion as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Byoung Choul Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Ver Heul AM, Mack M, Zamidar L, Tamari M, Yang TL, Trier AM, Kim DH, Janzen-Meza H, Van Dyken SJ, Hsieh CS, Karo JM, Sun JC, Kim BS. RAG suppresses group 2 innate lymphoid cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590767. [PMID: 38712036 PMCID: PMC11071423 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Antigen specificity is the central trait distinguishing adaptive from innate immune function. Assembly of antigen-specific T cell and B cell receptors occurs through V(D)J recombination mediated by the Recombinase Activating Gene endonucleases RAG1 and RAG2 (collectively called RAG). In the absence of RAG, mature T and B cells do not develop and thus RAG is critically associated with adaptive immune function. In addition to adaptive T helper 2 (Th2) cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to type 2 immune responses by producing cytokines like Interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13. Although it has been reported that RAG expression modulates the function of innate natural killer (NK) cells, whether other innate immune cells such as ILC2s are affected by RAG remains unclear. We find that in RAG-deficient mice, ILC2 populations expand and produce increased IL-5 and IL-13 at steady state and contribute to increased inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD)-like disease. Further, we show that RAG modulates ILC2 function in a cell-intrinsic manner independent of the absence or presence of adaptive T and B lymphocytes. Lastly, employing multiomic single cell analyses of RAG1 lineage-traced cells, we identify key transcriptional and epigenomic ILC2 functional programs that are suppressed by a history of RAG expression. Collectively, our data reveal a novel role for RAG in modulating innate type 2 immunity through suppression of ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Ver Heul
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Madison Mack
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Lydia Zamidar
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Masato Tamari
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ting-Lin Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Anna M. Trier
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Janzen-Meza
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Steven J. Van Dyken
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenny M. Karo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian S. Kim
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 10019
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3
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Lu HF, Zhou YC, Luo DD, Yang DH, Wang XJ, Cheng BH, Zeng XH. ILC2s: Unraveling the innate immune orchestrators in allergic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111899. [PMID: 38513576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence rate of allergic diseases including asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been significantly increasing in recent decades due to environmental changes and social developments. With the study of innate lymphoid cells, the crucial role played by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been progressively unveiled in allergic diseases. ILC2s, which are a subset of innate lymphocytes initiate allergic responses. They respond swiftly during the onset of allergic reactions and produce type 2 cytokines, working in conjunction with T helper type 2 (Th2) cells to induce and sustain type 2 immune responses. The role of ILC2s represents an intriguing frontier in immunology; however, the intricate immune mechanisms of ILC2s in allergic responses remain relatively poorly understood. To gain a comphrehensive understanding of the research progress of ILC2, we summarize recent advances in ILC2s biology in pathologic allergic inflammation to inspire novel approaches for managing allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Lu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Dan-Dan Luo
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Dun-Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xi-Jia Wang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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4
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Kral M, van der Vorst EP, Surnov A, Weber C, Döring Y. ILC2-mediated immune crosstalk in chronic (vascular) inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1326440. [PMID: 38179045 PMCID: PMC10765502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1326440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity is pivotal for an efficient immune response and to maintain immune homeostasis under steady state conditions. As part of the innate immune system, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as new important regulators of tissue homeostasis and repair by fine-tuning innate-adaptive immune cell crosstalk. ILC2s mediate either pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses in a context dependent manner. Inflammation has proven to be a key driver of atherosclerosis, resembling the key underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, numerous studies point towards an atheroprotective role of ILC2s e.g., by mediating secretion of type-II cytokines (IL-5, IL-13, IL-9). Boosting these protective responses may be suitable for promising future therapy, although these protective cues are currently incompletely understood. Additionally, little is known about the mechanisms by which chemokine/chemokine receptor signaling shapes ILC2 functions in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Hence, this review will focus on the latest findings regarding the protective and chemokine/chemokine receptor guided interplay between ILC2s and other immune cells like T and B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Further, we will elaborate on potential therapeutic implications which result or could be distilled from the dialogue of ILC2s with cells of the immune system in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kral
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexey Surnov
- Type 1 Diabetes Immunology (TDI), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Otaki N, Motomura Y, Terooatea T, Thomas Kelly S, Mochizuki M, Takeno N, Koyasu S, Tamamitsu M, Sugihara F, Kikuta J, Kitamura H, Shiraishi Y, Miyanohara J, Nagano Y, Saita Y, Ogura T, Asano K, Minoda A, Moro K. Activation of ILC2s through constitutive IFNγ signaling reduction leads to spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8120. [PMID: 38097562 PMCID: PMC10721793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a condition characterized by inflammation and collagen deposition in the alveolar interstitium, causes dyspnea and fatal outcomes. Although the bleomycin-induced PF mouse model has improved our understanding of exogenous factor-induced fibrosis, the mechanism governing endogenous factor-induced fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we find that Ifngr1-/-Rag2-/- mice, which lack the critical suppression factor for group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), develop PF spontaneously. The onset phase of fibrosis includes ILC2 subpopulations with a high Il1rl1 (IL-33 receptor) expression, and fibrosis does not develop in ILC-deficient or IL-33-deficient mice. Although ILC2s are normally localized near bronchioles and blood vessels, ILC2s are increased in fibrotic areas along with IL-33 positive fibroblasts during fibrosis. Co-culture analysis shows that activated-ILC2s directly induce collagen production from fibroblasts. Furthermore, increased IL1RL1 and decreased IFNGR1 expressions are confirmed in ILC2s from individuals with idiopathic PF, highlighting the applicability of Ifngr1-/-Rag2-/- mice as a mouse model for fibrosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Otaki
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tommy Terooatea
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Thomas Kelly
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Mochizuki
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takeno
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miu Tamamitsu
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shiraishi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Miyanohara
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagano
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Saita
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- Laboratory for Cellular Epigenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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López DA, Griffin A, Aguilar LM, Rice CD, Myers EJ, Warren KJ, Welner R, Beaudin AE. Prenatal inflammation reprograms hyperactive ILC2s that promote allergic lung inflammation and airway dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567899. [PMID: 38045298 PMCID: PMC10690173 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that initiates in early life, but causal mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we examined how prenatal inflammation shapes allergic asthma susceptibility by reprogramming lung immunity from early development. Induction of Type I interferon-mediated inflammation during development provoked expansion and hyperactivation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) seeding the developing lung. Hyperactivated ILC2s produced increased IL-5 and IL-13, and were associated with acute Th2 bias, eosinophilia, and decreased Tregs in the lung. The hyperactive ILC2 phenotype was recapitulated by adoptive transfer of a fetal liver precursor following exposure to prenatal inflammation, indicative of developmental programming. Programming of ILC2 function and subsequent lung immune remodeling by prenatal inflammation led to airway dysfunction at baseline and in response to papain, indicating increased asthma susceptibility. Our data provide a link by which developmental programming of progenitors by early-life inflammation drives lung immune remodeling and asthma susceptibility through hyperactivation of lung-resident ILC2s. One Sentence Summary Prenatal inflammation programs asthma susceptibility by inducing the production of hyperactivated ILC2s in the developing lung.
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Ou Q, Power R, Griffin MD. Revisiting regulatory T cells as modulators of innate immune response and inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287465. [PMID: 37928540 PMCID: PMC10623442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto- or allo-reactive effector T cells through a diverse repertoire of molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing Treg numbers or potency in the setting of autoimmunity and allogeneic transplants have been energetically pursued and are beginning to yield some encouraging outcomes in early phase clinical trials. Less well recognized from a translational perspective, however, has been the mounting body of evidence that Treg directly modulate most aspects of innate immune response under a range of different acute and chronic disease conditions. Recognizing this aspect of Treg immune modulatory function provides a bridge for the application of Treg-based therapies to common medical conditions in which organ and tissue damage is mediated primarily by inflammation involving myeloid cells (mononuclear phagocytes, granulocytes) and innate lymphocytes (NK cells, NKT cells, γδ T cells and ILCs). In this review, we comprehensively summarize pre-clinical and human research that has revealed diverse modulatory effects of Treg and specific Treg subpopulations on the range of innate immune cell types. In each case, we emphasize the key mechanistic insights and the evidence that Treg interactions with innate immune effectors can have significant impacts on disease severity or treatment. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that exist for the application of Treg-based therapeutic interventions to three globally impactful, inflammatory conditions: type 2 diabetes and its end-organ complications, ischemia reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ou
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachael Power
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Department, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
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8
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Lykhopiy V, Malviya V, Humblet-Baron S, Schlenner SM. "IL-2 immunotherapy for targeting regulatory T cells in autoimmunity". Genes Immun 2023; 24:248-262. [PMID: 37741949 PMCID: PMC10575774 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable for immune homoeostasis and for the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signalling is critical in all aspects of Treg biology. Consequences of defective IL-2 signalling are insufficient numbers or dysfunction of Treg and hence autoimmune disorders in human and mouse. The restoration and maintenance of immune homoeostasis remain central therapeutic aims in the field of autoimmunity. Historically, broadly immunosuppressive drugs with serious side-effects have been used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or prevention of organ-transplant rejection. More recently, ex vivo expanded or in vivo stimulated Treg have been shown to induce effective tolerance in clinical trials supporting the clinical benefit of targeting natural immunosuppressive mechanisms. Given the central role of exogenous IL-2 in Treg homoeostasis, a new and promising focus in drug development are IL-2-based approaches for in vivo targeted expansion of Treg or for enhancement of their suppressive activity. In this review, we summarise the role of IL-2 in Treg biology and consequences of dysfunctional IL-2 signalling pathways. We then examine evidence of efficacy of IL-2-based biological drugs targeting Treg with specific focus on therapeutic candidates in clinical trials and discuss their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lykhopiy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- argenx BV, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vanshika Malviya
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan M Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Tanaka Y, Yamagishi M, Motomura Y, Kamatani T, Oguchi Y, Suzuki N, Kiniwa T, Kabata H, Irie M, Tsunoda T, Miya F, Goda K, Ohara O, Funatsu T, Fukunaga K, Moro K, Uemura S, Shirasaki Y. Time-dependent cell-state selection identifies transiently expressed genes regulating ILC2 activation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:915. [PMID: 37673922 PMCID: PMC10482971 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision of whether cells are activated or not is controlled through dynamic intracellular molecular networks. However, the low population of cells during the transition state of activation renders the analysis of the transcriptome of this state technically challenging. To address this issue, we have developed the Time-Dependent Cell-State Selection (TDCSS) technique, which employs live-cell imaging of secretion activity to detect an index of the transition state, followed by the simultaneous recovery of indexed cells for subsequent transcriptome analysis. In this study, we used the TDCSS technique to investigate the transition state of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) activation, which is indexed by the onset of interleukin (IL)-13 secretion. The TDCSS approach allowed us to identify time-dependent genes, including transiently induced genes (TIGs). Our findings of IL4 and MIR155HG as TIGs have shown a regulatory function in ILC2s activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Live Cell Diagnosis, Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of AI Technology Development, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Precision Cancer Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oguchi
- PRESTO, JST, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobutake Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kiniwa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, 430072, China
| | | | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Thio CLP, Chang YJ. The modulation of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell function in asthma: from inflammatory mediators to environmental and metabolic factors. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1872-1884. [PMID: 37696890 PMCID: PMC10545775 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated type 2 immune response is one of the fundamental causes of allergic asthma. Although Th2 cells are undoubtedly central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, the discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has added another layer of complexity to the etiology of this chronic disease. Through their inherent innate type 2 responses, ILC2s not only contribute to the initiation of airway inflammation but also orchestrate the recruitment and activation of other members of innate and adaptive immunity, further amplifying the inflammatory response. Moreover, ILC2s exhibit substantial cytokine plasticity, as evidenced by their ability to produce type 1- or type 17-associated cytokines under appropriate conditions, underscoring their potential contribution to nonallergic, neutrophilic asthma. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of ILC2 functions is pertinent. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on ILC2s in asthma and the regulatory factors that modulate lung ILC2 functions in various experimental mouse models of asthma and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhao J, Ito T, Jin J, Aparicio AO, Zhou J, Guichard V, Fang Y, Que J, Urban JF, Hanna JH, Ghosh S, Wu X, Ding L, Basu U, Huang Y. m 6A RNA modification regulates innate lymphoid cell responses in a lineage-specific manner. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1256-1264. [PMID: 37400674 PMCID: PMC10797530 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) can quickly switch from a quiescent state to an active state and rapidly produce effector molecules that provide critical early immune protection. How the post-transcriptional machinery processes different stimuli and initiates robust gene expression in ILCs is poorly understood. Here, we show that deletion of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writer protein METTL3 has little impact on ILC homeostasis or cytokine-induced ILC1 or ILC3 responses but significantly diminishes ILC2 proliferation, migration and effector cytokine production and results in impaired antihelminth immunity. m6A RNA modification supports an increase in cell size and transcriptional activity in activated ILC2s but not in ILC1s or ILC3s. Among other transcripts, the gene encoding the transcription factor GATA3 is highly m6A methylated in ILC2s. Targeted m6A demethylation destabilizes nascent Gata3 mRNA and abolishes the upregulation of GATA3 and ILC2 activation. Our study suggests a lineage-specific requirement of m6A for ILC2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wanwei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingyao Zhao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takamasa Ito
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiacheng Jin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis O Aparicio
- Department of Medicine, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junsong Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincent Guichard
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yinshan Fang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, and Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuebing Wu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uttiya Basu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Matsuyama T, Machida K, Mizuno K, Matsuyama H, Dotake Y, Shinmura M, Takagi K, Inoue H. The Functional Role of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Asthma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:893. [PMID: 37371472 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. ILC2s lack antigen-specific receptors and respond to epithelial-derived cytokines, leading to the induction of airway eosinophilic inflammation in an antigen-independent manner. Additionally, ILC2s might be involved in the mechanism of steroid resistance. Numerous studies in both mice and humans have shown that ILC2s induce airway inflammation through inflammatory signals, including cytokines and other mediators derived from immune or non-immune cells. ILC2s and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells collaborate through direct and indirect interactions to organize type 2 immune responses. Interestingly, the frequencies or numbers of ILC2 are increased in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthma patients, and the numbers of ILC2s in the blood and sputum of severe asthmatics are significantly larger than those of mild asthmatics. These findings may contribute to the regulation of the immune response in asthma. This review article highlights our current understanding of the functional role of ILC2s in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kentaro Machida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoichi Dotake
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinmura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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13
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Ruf B, Greten TF, Korangy F. Innate lymphoid cells and innate-like T cells in cancer - at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:351-371. [PMID: 37081117 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting conventional T cells have revolutionized systemic treatment for many cancers, yet only a subset of patients benefit from these approaches. A better understanding of the complex immune microenvironment of tumours is needed to design the next generation of immunotherapeutics. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and innate-like T cells (ILTCs) are abundant, tissue-resident lymphocytes that have recently been shown to have critical roles in many types of cancers. ILCs and ILTCs rapidly respond to changes in their surrounding environment and act as the first responders to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. This places ILCs and ILTCs as pivotal orchestrators of the final antitumour immune response. In this Review, we outline hallmarks of ILCs and ILTCs and discuss their emerging role in antitumour immunity, as well as the pathophysiological adaptations leading to their pro-tumorigenic function. We explore the pleiotropic, in parts redundant and sometimes opposing, mechanisms that underlie the delicate interplay between the different subsets of ILCs and ILTCs. Finally, we highlight their role in amplifying and complementing conventional T cell functions and summarize immunotherapeutic strategies for targeting ILCs and ILTCs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ruf
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Declercq J, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Smole U. Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in asthma. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101759. [PMID: 37031560 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the lack of endogenous chitin synthesis, mammalian genomes encode two enzymatically active true chitinases (chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase) and a variable number of chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) that have no enzyme activity but bind chitin. Chitinases and CLPs are prominent components of type-2 immune response-mediated respiratory diseases. However, despite extensive research into their role in allergic airway disease, there is still no agreement on whether they are mere biomarkers of disease or actual disease drivers. Functions ascribed to chitinases and CLPs include, but are not limited to host defense against chitin-containing pathogens, directly promoting inflammation, and modulating tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Here, we discuss in detail the chitin-dependent and -independent roles of chitinases and CLPs in the context of allergic airway disease, and recent advances and emerging concepts in the field that might identify opportunities for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozefien Declercq
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ursula Smole
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Ryu S, Kim HY. Bone Marrow Progenitors and IL-2 Signaling Contribute to the Strain Differences of Kidney Innate Lymphoid Cells. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e15. [PMID: 37179753 PMCID: PMC10166654 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical immune-response mediators. Although they largely reside in mucosal tissues, the kidney also bears substantial numbers. Nevertheless, kidney ILC biology is poorly understood. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are known to display type-2 and type-1 skewed immune responses, respectively, but it is unclear whether this extends to ILCs. We show here that indeed, BALB/c mice have higher total ILCs in the kidney than C57BL/6 mice. This difference was particularly pronounced for ILC2s. We then showed that three factors contributed to the higher ILC2s in the BALB/c kidney. First, BALB/c mice demonstrated higher numbers of ILC precursors in the bone marrow. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys associated with significantly higher IL-2 responses. Quantitative RT-PCR also showed that compared to C57BL/6 kidneys, the BALB/c kidneys expressed higher levels of IL-2 and other cytokines known to promote ILC2 proliferation and/or survival (IL-7, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin). Third, the BALB/c kidney ILC2s may be more sensitive to the environmental signals than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s since they expressed their transcription factor GATA-3 and the IL-2, IL-7, and IL-25 receptors at higher levels. Indeed, they also demonstrated greater responsiveness to IL-2 than C57BL/6 kidney ILC2s, as shown by their greater STAT5 phosphorylation levels after culture with IL-2. Thus, this study demonstrates previously unknown properties of kidney ILC2s. It also shows the impact of mouse strain background on ILC2 behavior, which should be considered when conducting research on immune diseases with experimental mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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16
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León B. Understanding the development of Th2 cell-driven allergic airway disease in early life. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:1080153. [PMID: 36704753 PMCID: PMC9872036 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy, are caused by abnormal responses to relatively harmless foreign proteins called allergens found in pollen, fungal spores, house dust mites (HDM), animal dander, or certain foods. In particular, the activation of allergen-specific helper T cells towards a type 2 (Th2) phenotype during the first encounters with the allergen, also known as the sensitization phase, is the leading cause of the subsequent development of allergic disease. Infants and children are especially prone to developing Th2 cell responses after initial contact with allergens. But in addition, the rates of allergic sensitization and the development of allergic diseases among children are increasing in the industrialized world and have been associated with living in urban settings. Particularly for respiratory allergies, greater susceptibility to developing allergic Th2 cell responses has been shown in children living in urban environments containing low levels of microbial contaminants, principally bacterial endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], in the causative aeroallergens. This review highlights the current understanding of the factors that balance Th2 cell immunity to environmental allergens, with a particular focus on the determinants that program conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) toward or away from a Th2 stimulatory function. In this context, it discusses transcription factor-guided functional specialization of type-2 cDCs (cDC2s) and how the integration of signals derived from the environment drives this process. In addition, it analyzes observational and mechanistic studies supporting an essential role for innate sensing of microbial-derived products contained in aeroallergens in modulating allergic Th2 cell immune responses. Finally, this review examines whether hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimulation, particularly to LPS, is a risk factor for the induction of Th2 cell responses and allergic sensitization during infancy and early childhood and the potential factors that may affect early-age response to LPS and other environmental microbial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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17
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Maggi E, Parronchi P, Azzarone BG, Moretta L. A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:3267-3292. [PMID: 35842745 DOI: 10.1111/all.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The inflammation of allergic diseases is characterized by a complex interaction between type 2 and type 3 immune responses, explaining clinical symptoms and histopathological patterns. Airborne stimuli activate the mucosal epithelium to release a number of molecules impacting the activity of resident immune and environmental cells. Signals from the mucosal barrier, regulatory cells, and the inflamed tissue are crucial conditions able to modify innate and adaptive effector cells providing the selective homing of eosinophils or neutrophils. The high plasticity of resident T- and innate lymphoid cells responding to external signals is the prerequisite to explain the multiplicity of endotypes of allergic diseases. This notion paved the way for the huge use of specific biologic drugs interfering with pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation. Based on the response of the epithelial barrier, the activity of resident regulatory cells, and functions of structural non-lymphoid environmental cells, this review proposes some immunopathogenic scenarios characterizing the principal endotypes which can be associated with a precise phenotype of asthma. Recent literature indicates that similar concepts can also be applied to the inflammation of other non-respiratory allergic disorders. The next challenges will consist in defining specific biomarker(s) of each endotype allowing for a quick diagnosis and the most effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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18
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Sheikh A, Lu J, Melese E, Seo JH, Abraham N. IL-7 induces type 2 cytokine response in lung ILC2s and regulates GATA3 and CD25 expression. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1105-1113. [PMID: 35603486 PMCID: PMC9790234 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab1220-819rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 is a cytokine with well-established roles in lymphocyte development and more recently, an expanded role in immune function. IL-7Rα is highly expressed by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), but how IL-7 directs the development or function of ILCs is not well studied. Using mice with inducible deletion of IL-7Rα, we showed that loss of IL-7 signaling led to impaired production of IL-5, IL-13 and amphiregulin in lung ST2+ group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) following influenza/A infection. Conversely, mice treated with IL-7 increased production of IL-5 and IL-13 by lung ILC2s. Moreover, we showed that IL-7 enhanced GATA3 and CD25 expression in ILC2s and loss of IL-7 signaling led to their reduced expression. Altogether, this study demonstrates that IL-7 regulates the function of ILC2s during airway viral infection and induces GATA3 and CD25 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Julia Lu
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Etienne Melese
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Jung Hee Seo
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada,Department of ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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19
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Eucommia ulmoides Oliver's Multitarget Mechanism for Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3699146. [PMID: 36267087 PMCID: PMC9578855 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3699146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EU) is a plant used in Chinese medicine as a medicinal herb to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. We used network pharmacology to examine the active ingredients and estimate the main targets and pathways affected by EU when it is used to treat ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Materials and Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform was used to search for active ingredients in EU and their target proteins. The GeneCards Database was used to find AS-related targets. The targets from the EU and AS searches that coincided were selected by constructing a Venn diagram. Then, a STRING network platform and Cytoscape software were used to analyse the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and key targets. The strong affinity between EU and its targets was confirmed using molecular docking techniques. The Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping targets was performed using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery online tool. Results The number of active ingredients against AS in EU was discovered to be 28. Major targets against AS in the PPI network and core targets analyses were identified as IL-1B, PTGS2, IL-8, nMMP-9, CCL2, MYC, and IL-2. Furthermore, molecular docking studies showed the strong affinity between EU's bioactive molecules and their AS targets. Enrichment analysis revealed that active ingredients from EU were involved in a variety of biological processes, including the response to molecules derived from bacteria, extracellular stimuli, nutrient levels, and the regulation of reactive oxygen species, all of which are mediated by interleukin-17, TNF-α, and other signalling pathways. Conclusion The therapy for AS using EU involves a multitarget, multipathway, and multiselection mechanism that includes anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study provides a theoretical basis for future research into targeted molecular therapies for AS.
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20
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Hernandez R, Põder J, LaPorte KM, Malek TR. Engineering IL-2 for immunotherapy of autoimmunity and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:614-628. [PMID: 35217787 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer. Since then, we have learnt the important role of IL-2 in regulating tolerance through regulatory T cells (Treg cells) besides promoting immunity through its action on effector T cells and memory T cells. Another pivotal event in the history of IL-2 research was solving the crystal structure of IL-2 bound to its tripartite receptor, which spurred the development of cell type-selective engineered IL-2 products. These new IL-2 analogues target Treg cells to counteract the dysregulated immune system in the context of autoimmunity and inflammatory disorders or target effector T cells, memory T cells and natural killer cells to enhance their antitumour responses. IL-2 biologics have proven to be effective in preclinical studies and clinical assessment of some is now underway. These studies will soon reveal whether engineered IL-2 biologics are truly capable of harnessing the IL-2-IL-2 receptor pathway as effective monotherapies or combination therapies for autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmely Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Janika Põder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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21
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Thio CLP, Lai ACY, Ting YT, Chi PY, Chang YJ. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate mitigates ILC2-driven airway inflammation by regulating mast cell function. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111437. [PMID: 36170837 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies are increasingly understood to have regulatory effects on immune cell function, with β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exerting a predominantly anti-inflammatory response. Dietary strategies to increase endogenous ketone body availability such as the ketogenic diet (KD) have recently been shown to alleviate inflammation of the respiratory tract. However, the role of BHB has not been addressed. Here, we observe that BHB suppresses group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-mediated airway inflammation. Central to this are mast cells, which support ILC2 proliferation through interleukin-2 (IL-2). Suppression of the mast cell/IL-2 axis by BHB attenuates ILC2 proliferation and the ensuing type 2 cytokine response and immunopathology. Mechanistically, BHB directly inhibits mast cell function in part through GPR109A activation. Similar effects are achieved with either the KD or 1,3-butanediol. Our data reveal the protective role of BHB in ILC2-driven airway inflammation, which underscores the potential therapeutic value of ketone body supplementation for the management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu-Tse Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan; Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan.
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22
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Abstract
The immune system is fundamental to tissue homeostasis and is the first line of defense following infection, injury or disease. In the damaged heart, large numbers of immune cells are recruited to the site of injury. These cells play an integral part in both repair by scar formation and the initiation of tissue regeneration. They initially assume inflammatory phenotypes, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and removing dead and dying tissue, before entering a reparative stage, replacing dead muscle tissue with a non-contractile scar. In this Review, we present an overview of the innate and adaptive immune response to heart injury. We explore the kinetics of immune cell mobilization following cardiac injury and how the different innate and adaptive immune cells interact with one another and with the damaged tissue. We draw on key findings from regenerative models, providing insight into how to support a robust immune response permissible for cardiac regeneration. Finally, we consider how the latest technological developments can offer opportunities for a deeper and unbiased functional understanding of the immune response to heart disease, highlighting the importance of such knowledge as the basis for promoting regeneration following cardiac injury in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa C. Simões
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 9DS, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OxfordshireOX1 3PT, UK
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23
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ILC Differentiation in the Thymus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:25-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Uddin S, Amour A, Lewis DJ, Edwards CD, Williamson MG, Hall S, Lione LA, Hessel EM. PI3Kδ inhibition prevents IL33, ILC2s and inflammatory eosinophils in persistent airway inflammation. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:78. [PMID: 34920698 PMCID: PMC8684271 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-delta (PI3Kδ) inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach for inflammatory conditions due to its role in leucocyte proliferation, migration and activation. However, the effect of PI3Kδ inhibition on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and inflammatory eosinophils remains unknown. Using a murine model exhibiting persistent airway inflammation we sought to understand the effect of PI3Kδ inhibition, montelukast and anti-IL5 antibody treatment on IL33 expression, group-2-innate lymphoid cells, inflammatory eosinophils, and goblet cell metaplasia. Results Mice were sensitised to house dust mite and after allowing inflammation to resolve, were re-challenged with house dust mite to re-initiate airway inflammation. ILC2s were found to persist in the airways following house dust mite sensitisation and after re-challenge their numbers increased further along with accumulation of inflammatory eosinophils. In contrast to montelukast or anti-IL5 antibody treatment, PI3Kδ inhibition ablated IL33 expression and prevented group-2-innate lymphoid cell accumulation. Only PI3Kδ inhibition and IL5 neutralization reduced the infiltration of inflammatory eosinophils. Moreover, PI3Kδ inhibition reduced goblet cell metaplasia. Conclusions Hence, we show that PI3Kδ inhibition dampens allergic inflammatory responses by ablating key cell types and cytokines involved in T-helper-2-driven inflammatory responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00461-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorif Uddin
- Immunology Research Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Limited, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Augustin Amour
- Immunology Research Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Limited, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - David J Lewis
- In Vivo/In Vitro Translation, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Limited, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Chris D Edwards
- In Vivo/In Vitro Translation, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Limited, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Matthew G Williamson
- Immunology Research Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Limited, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Simon Hall
- Immunology Research Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Limited, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Lisa A Lione
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Edith M Hessel
- Eligo Bioscience, 29 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
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25
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Mindt BC, Krisna SS, Duerr CU, Mancini M, Richer L, Vidal SM, Gerondakis S, Langlais D, Fritz JH. The NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel Modulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Effector Functions and Drives Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664218. [PMID: 34867937 PMCID: PMC8635195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a key role in the initiation and orchestration of early type 2 immune responses. Upon tissue damage, ILC2s are activated by alarmins such as IL-33 and rapidly secrete large amounts of type 2 signature cytokines. ILC2 activation is governed by a network of transcriptional regulators including nuclear factor (NF)-κB family transcription factors. While it is known that activating IL-33 receptor signaling results in downstream NF-κB activation, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that the NF-κB subunit c-Rel is required to mount effective innate pulmonary type 2 immune responses. IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s in vitro as well as in vivo was found to induce c-Rel mRNA and protein expression. In addition, we demonstrate that IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s leads to nuclear translocation of c-Rel in pulmonary ILC2s. Although c-Rel was found to be a critical mediator of innate pulmonary type 2 immune responses, ILC2-intrinsic deficiency of c-Rel did not have an impact on the developmental capacity of ILC2s nor affected homeostatic numbers of lung-resident ILC2s at steady state. Moreover, we demonstrate that ILC2-intrinsic deficiency of c-Rel alters the capacity of ILC2s to upregulate the expression of ICOSL and OX40L, key stimulatory receptors, and the expression of type 2 signature cytokines IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Collectively, our data using Rel−/− mice suggest that c-Rel promotes acute ILC2-driven allergic airway inflammation and suggest that c-Rel may contribute to the pathophysiology of ILC2-mediated allergic airway disease. It thereby represents a promising target for the treatment of allergic asthma, and evaluating the effect of established c-Rel inhibitors in this context would be of great clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C. Mindt
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sai Sakktee Krisna
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia U. Duerr
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lara Richer
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Gerondakis
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jörg H. Fritz,
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26
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Yu X, Newland SA, Zhao TX, Lu Y, Sage AS, Sun Y, Sriranjan RS, Ma MKL, Lam BYH, Nus M, Harrison JE, Bond SJ, Cheng X, Silvestre JS, Rudd JHF, Cheriyan J, Mallat Z. Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Recovery of Ventricular Function After Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1127-1142. [PMID: 34503682 PMCID: PMC8434674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s) play critical homeostatic functions in peripheral tissues. ILC2s reside in perivascular niches and limit atherosclerosis development. OBJECTIVES ILC2s also reside in the pericardium but their role in postischemic injury is unknown. METHODS We examined the role of ILC2 in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), and compared mice with or without genetic deletion of ILC2. We determined infarct size using histology and heart function using echocardiography. We assessed cardiac ILC2 using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Based on these data, we devised a therapeutic strategy to activate ILC2 in mice with acute MI, using exogenous interleukin (IL)-2. We also assessed the ability of low-dose IL-2 to activate ILC2 in a double-blind randomized clinical trial of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). RESULTS We found that ILC2 levels were increased in pericardial adipose tissue after experimental MI, and genetic ablation of ILC2 impeded the recovery of heart function. RNA sequencing revealed distinct transcript signatures in ILC2, and pointed to IL-2 axis as a major upstream regulator. Treatment of T-cell-deficient mice with IL-2 (to activate ILC2) significantly improved the recovery of heart function post-MI. Administration of low-dose IL-2 to patients with ACS led to activation of circulating ILC2, with significant increase in circulating IL-5, a prototypic ILC2-derived cytokine. CONCLUSIONS ILC2s promote cardiac healing and improve the recovery of heart function after MI in mice. Activation of ILC2 using low-dose IL-2 could be a novel therapeutic strategy to promote a reparative response after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Stephen A Newland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tian X Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yuning Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Sage
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yanyi Sun
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Rouchelle S Sriranjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcella K L Ma
- The Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- The Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meritxell Nus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Bond
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji, Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - James H F Rudd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015 Paris, France.
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27
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Kobayashi T, Motomura Y, Moro K. Discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells has changed the concept of type 2 immune diseases. Int Immunol 2021; 33:705-709. [PMID: 34498700 PMCID: PMC8633664 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), discovered in 2010, have been recognized as immune cells with unique functions and their involvement in various diseases has been clarified. Before 2010, the antigen-specific response was a primary focus of immunology research, and immune responses were considered almost equivalent to biological responses to foreign antigens. However, with the emergence of ILC2s, the importance of ‘antigen-independent responses’ was confirmed, and this concept has permeated basic and clinical research as well as drug development. When ILC2s were discovered, their function in the acute phase of diseases garnered attention because of their rapid and potent type 2 immune response. However, several studies have revealed that the main role of ILC2s is more closely related to the chronicity of diseases, such as allergy and fibrosis, than to the induction of diseases. In this review, we discuss how ILC2 research has affected the concept of ‘Taishitsu’, a Japanese term describing the overall nature of an individual as determined by the interaction of genetic and acquired predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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28
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Alkon N, Bauer WM, Krausgruber T, Goh I, Griss J, Nguyen V, Reininger B, Bangert C, Staud C, Brunner PM, Bock C, Haniffa M, Stingl G. Single-cell analysis reveals innate lymphoid cell lineage infidelity in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:624-639. [PMID: 34363841 PMCID: PMC9130781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Although ample knowledge exists about phenotype and function of cutaneous T lymphocytes, much less is known about the lymphocytic components of the skin’s innate immune system. Objective To better understand the biologic role of cutaneous innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), we investigated their phenotypic and molecular features under physiologic (normal human skin [NHS]) and pathologic (lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis [AD]) conditions. Methods Skin punch biopsies and reduction sheets as well as blood specimens were obtained from either patients with AD or healthy individuals. Cell and/or tissue samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and single-cell RNA sequencing or subjected to in vitro/ex vivo culture. Results Notwithstanding substantial quantitative differences between NHS and AD skin, we found that the vast majority of cutaneous ILCs belong to the CRTH2+ subset and reside in the upper skin layers. Single-cell RNA sequencing of cutaneous ILC-enriched cell samples confirmed the predominance of biologically heterogeneous group 2 ILCs and, for the first time, demonstrated considerable ILC lineage infidelity (coexpression of genes typical of either type 2 [GATA3 and IL13] or type 3/17 [RORC, IL22, and IL26] immunity within individual cells) in lesional AD skin, and to a much lesser extent, in NHS. Similar events were demonstrated in ILCs from skin explant cultures and in vitro expanded ILCs from the peripheral blood. Conclusion These findings support the concept that instead of being a stable entity with well-defined components, the skin immune system consists of a network of highly flexible cellular players that are capable of adjusting their function to the needs and challenges of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang M Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Issac Goh
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Baerbel Reininger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clement Staud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Stingl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Wirtz S, Schulz-Kuhnt A, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Functional Contribution and Targeted Migration of Group-2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Being at the Right Place at the Right Time. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688879. [PMID: 34177944 PMCID: PMC8222800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been discovered and successfully established as crucial mediators of lung allergy, airway inflammation and fibrosis, thus affecting the pathogenesis and clinical course of many respiratory diseases, like for instance asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis. As an important regulatory component in this context, the local pulmonary milieu at inflammatory tissue sites does not only determine the activation status of lung-infiltrating ILC2s, but also influences their motility and migratory behavior. In general, many data collected in recent murine and human studies argued against the former concept of a very strict tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and instead pointed to a context-dependent homing capacity of peripheral blood ILC precursors and the inflammation-dependent capacity of specific ILC subsets for interorgan trafficking. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the so far described molecular mechanisms underlying the pulmonary migration of ILC2s and thereby the numeric regulation of local ILC2 pools at inflamed or fibrotic pulmonary tissue sites and discuss their potential to serve as innovative therapeutic targets in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Schulz-Kuhnt
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Zheng H, Zhang Y, Pan J, Liu N, Qin Y, Qiu L, Liu M, Wang T. The Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:586078. [PMID: 34177881 PMCID: PMC8220221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.586078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are significant diseases that affect many patients worldwide. In the past few decades, the incidence of allergic diseases has increased significantly due to environmental changes and social development, which has posed a substantial public health burden and even led to premature death. The understanding of the mechanism underlying allergic diseases has been substantially advanced, and the occurrence of allergic diseases and changes in the immune system state are known to be correlated. With the identification and in-depth understanding of innate lymphoid cells, researchers have gradually revealed that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play important roles in many allergic diseases. However, our current studies of ILC2s are limited, and their status in allergic diseases remains unclear. This article provides an overview of the common phenotypes and activation pathways of ILC2s in different allergic diseases as well as potential research directions to improve the understanding of their roles in different allergic diseases and ultimately find new treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachuang Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linghui Qiu
- Journal Press of Global Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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31
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Aegerter H, Smole U, Heyndrickx I, Verstraete K, Savvides SN, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN. Charcot-Leyden crystals and other protein crystals driving type 2 immunity and allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:72-78. [PMID: 33873124 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein crystals derived from innate immune cells have been synonymous with a Type-2 immune response in both mouse and man for over 150 years. Eosinophilic Galectin-10 (Charcot-Leyden) crystals in humans, and Ym1/Ym2 crystals in mice are frequently found in the context of parasitic infections, but also in diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis. Despite their notable presence, these crystals are often overlooked as trivial markers of Type-2 inflammation. Here, we discuss the source, context, and role of protein crystallization. We focus on similarities observed between Galectin-10 and Ym1/2 crystals in driving immune responses; the subsequent benefit to the host during worm infection, and conversely the detrimental exacerbation of inflammation and mucus production during asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Aegerter
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ursula Smole
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ines Heyndrickx
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verstraete
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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de Lucía Finkel P, Xia W, Jefferies WA. Beyond Unconventional: What Do We Really Know about Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells? THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1409-1417. [PMID: 33753565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a set of effectors that mediate the expulsion of helminthic parasites but also drive allergic lung inflammation. As innate agents, they do not recognize Ag, instead, they are sensitive to alarmin engagement, upon which they produce type 2 cytokines that amplify adaptive immunity. Their lymphoid identity appoints them as an intriguing group of unconventional cells; however, increasing evidence is unraveling a series of unprecedented functions that <5 years ago were unthinkable for ILC2s, such as acquiring a proinflammatory identity that enables them to support TH1 immune responses. Their plastic nature has allowed the characterization of ILC2s in more detail than ever; however, the novelty of ILC2 biology requires constant updates and recapitulations. This review provides an overview of ILC2s and describes memory ILC2, regulatory ILC2, inflammatory ILC2, and type 1 ILC2 subsets based on activation status, tissue environments, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo de Lucía Finkel
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenjing Xia
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; .,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; and.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
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33
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Roberts LB, Schnoeller C, Berkachy R, Darby M, Pillaye J, Oudhoff MJ, Parmar N, Mackowiak C, Sedda D, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B, Vaux R, Gounaris K, Berrard S, Withers DR, Horsnell WGC, Selkirk ME. Acetylcholine production by group 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes mucosal immunity to helminths. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/57/eabd0359. [PMID: 33674321 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical mediators of immunological and physiological responses at mucosal barrier sites. Whereas neurotransmitters can stimulate ILCs, the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters by these cells has only recently been appreciated. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) are shown here to synthesize and release acetylcholine (ACh) during parasitic nematode infection. The cholinergic phenotype of pulmonary ILC2s was associated with their activation state, could be induced by in vivo exposure to extracts of Alternaria alternata or the alarmin cytokines interleukin-33 (IL-33) and IL-25, and was augmented by IL-2 in vitro. Genetic disruption of ACh synthesis by murine ILC2s resulted in increased parasite burdens, lower numbers of ILC2s, and reduced lung and gut barrier responses to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. These data demonstrate a functional role for ILC2-derived ACh in the expansion of ILC2s for maximal induction of type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Rita Berkachy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Darby
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamie Pillaye
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Mackowiak
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Delphine Sedda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Valerie Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Rachel Vaux
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sylvie Berrard
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, 75019 Paris, France
| | - David R Withers
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - William G C Horsnell
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Murray E Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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34
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Chapurin N, Li P, Chandra RK, Turner JH, Chowdhury NI. Elevated mucus interleukin-17A levels are associated with increased prior sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:120-127. [PMID: 32702209 PMCID: PMC10722354 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in molecular biology have enabled the identification of potential inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with prior work suggesting differential short-term surgical outcome trajectories based on cytokine signatures. However, there is a paucity of data assessing long-term treatment failure and need for revision surgery based on inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected cross-sectional data from 231 patients electing surgical therapy for CRS. Intraoperative mucus specimens were quantitatively sampled for inflammatory cytokines using a multiplex flow cytometric bead assay. Univariate Spearman correlations between cytokine levels and prior number of surgeries were assessed. A stepwise adjusted multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to model patient-reported prior sinus surgery counts as a function of cytokine levels. RESULTS Several cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interferon γ [IFN-γ], and eotaxin) demonstrated significant positive correlations with number of prior surgeries. However, only higher IL-17A levels were independently associated with a higher number of prior sinus surgeries (β = 0.345, p = 0.0003) after adjusting for the significant covariates of age (β = 0.018, p = 0.0036), Lund-Mackay score (β = -0.046, p = 0.02), history of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (β = 1.01, p < 0.0001) and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (β = 1.08, p < 0.0001). Higher levels of regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were conversely associated with a lower number of prior surgeries (β = -0.17, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION An IL-17A-predominant cytokine profile is linked to an increased number of prior sinus surgeries. Thus, type 3 inflammatory markers may indicate a particularly difficult-to-treat, recalcitrant CRS endotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Chapurin
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Chandra
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin H. Turner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Naweed I. Chowdhury
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nashville, TN, USA
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35
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Li Y, Wang W, Ying S, Lan F, Zhang L. A Potential Role of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:363-374. [PMID: 33733633 PMCID: PMC7984954 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.3.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), a type 2-based upper airway disease, is mainly characterized by high asthma comorbidity and recurrence after surgery. It has been shown that type 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 released from T helper 2 (Th2) cells as well as group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), contribute to chronic inflammation of CRSwNP. This review summarizes recent progresses made in our understanding of ILC2 activity, particularly ILC2 accumulation at airway inflammation sites, cooperation with Th2 cells in aggravating the CRSwNP inflammatory process and interactions with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in resisting Tregs-mediated suppressive function in allergic inflammation. A better understanding of the biology of ILC2s should lay a good foundation in elucidating the pathogenesis of CRSwNP, and subsequently may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the management of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing, China.
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36
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Andrea M, Susanna B, Francesca N, Enrico M, Alessandra V. The emerging role of type 2 inflammation in asthma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 17:63-71. [PMID: 33280431 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1860755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic airways inflammatory disease. Based on the biological mechanisms that underline the disease, asthma has been classified as type 2 or non-type 2 phenotype.Areas covered: An emerging role has been identified for group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) able to produce the classical type 2 cytokines. The role of Th2 cells and IL-4 is crucial in the pathogenesis of allergic BA as supported by asthma models. IL-13, shares many biological functions with IL-4 such as induction of IgE synthesis and regulation of eosinophil trafficking. However, IL-13 does not induce Th2 cell differentiation. The Authors reviewed evidence on the new concept of type 2 inflammation and the cellular and molecular network behind this process. Literature data in the PubMed were analyzed for peer-reviewed articles published until September 2020.Expert opinion: The current trend is to consider Th2- and ILC2-driven pathways as two separate pathogenic mechanisms, recent data underscore that adaptive Th2- and innate cell responses represent two integrated systems in the production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 leading to the current 'concept' of type 2 inflammation. This review highlights the role of Th2 cells and ILC2 in the recent new concept of type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matucci Andrea
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Bormioli Susanna
- Immunology and Cellular Therapy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Nencini Francesca
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Maggi Enrico
- Immunology Department, Children Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vultaggio Alessandra
- Immunoallergology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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37
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Yang Y, Lundqvist A. Immunomodulatory Effects of IL-2 and IL-15; Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123586. [PMID: 33266177 PMCID: PMC7761238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I cytokine family members interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 play important roles in the homeostasis of innate and adaptive immunity. Although IL-2 and IL-15 receptor complexes activate similar signal transduction cascades, triggering of these receptors results in different functional activities in lymphocytes. While IL-2 expands regulatory T cells and CD4+ helper T cells, IL-15 supports the development of central memory T cells and NK cells. Recent data have provided evidence that IL-2 and IL-15 differ in their ability to activate T and NK cells to resist various forms of immune suppression. The diverse roles of these two cytokines have on immune cells lead to critical therapeutic implications for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the distinct roles of IL-2 and IL-15 in activating various functions in T and NK cells with a particular focus on the signals that participate in the resistance of tumor-derived immune suppressive factors. Furthermore, we summarize current clinical applications of IL-2 and IL-15 in metastatic malignancies, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, and highlight the future trends for research on these cytokine-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 310009, China;
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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38
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Do-Thi VA, Lee JO, Lee H, Kim YS. Crosstalk between the Producers and Immune Targets of IL-9. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e45. [PMID: 33425430 PMCID: PMC7779872 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-9 has been reported to play dual roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and cancers. The collaboration of IL-9 with microenvironmental factors including the broader cytokine milieu and other cellular components may provide important keys to explain its conflicting effects in chronic conditions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the cellular sources of, and immunological responders to IL-9, in order to interpret the role of IL-9 in the regulation of immune responses. This knowledge will provide new perspectives to improve clinical benefits and limit adverse effects of IL-9 when treating pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Anh Do-Thi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jie-Oh Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hayyoung Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young Sang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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39
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Yamaguchi T, Chang CJ, Karger A, Keller M, Pfaff F, Wangkahart E, Wang T, Secombes CJ, Kimoto A, Furihata M, Hashimoto K, Fischer U, Dijkstra JM. Ancient Cytokine Interleukin 15-Like (IL-15L) Induces a Type 2 Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:549319. [PMID: 33193315 PMCID: PMC7658486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.549319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Related interleukin-2, -15, and -15-like (IL-2, -15, and -15L) are ancient cytokines, with all three genes surviving in extant fish and some mammals. The present study is the first to identify IL-15L functions, namely in rainbow trout. In isolated trout splenocytes, and in vivo, purified recombinant IL-15L+IL-15Rα molecules induced expression of IL-4 and IL-13 homologs, which are markers of type 2 immunity. In contrast, trout IL-15 stimulated type 1 immunity markers, thus IL-15 and IL-15L can have opposing functions. Trout IL-15L was more dependent on "in trans" presentation by the receptor chain IL-15Rα than IL-15, and stimulated CD4-CD8-(IgM-) lymphocytes from thymus and spleen. We propose an important role for IL-15L early in the type 2 immunity cytokine cascade. Trout IL-2 and IL-15 exhibited features reminiscent of their mechanistic and functional dichotomy observed in mammals; for example, IL-15 but not IL-2 required a receptor alpha chain (only IL-15Rα in the case of fish) for its stability, and only IL-15 was efficient in stimulating lymphocytes from mucosal tissues. Data suggest that IL-15L and IL-15 may be particularly effective in stimulating innate lymphocyte type 2 cells (ILC2) and natural killer (NK) cells, respectively, but further identification of the cell types is needed. An interesting finding different from in mammals was the efficient stimulation of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by IL-2. In short, this study presents fundamental information on the evolution of the IL-2/15/15L cytokine family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamaguchi
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Chia Jung Chang
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Azusa Kimoto
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Furihata
- Nagano Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Nagano, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hashimoto
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Johannes M Dijkstra
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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40
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Chen W, Shu Q, Fan J. Neural Regulation of Interactions Between Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Pulmonary Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576929. [PMID: 33193374 PMCID: PMC7658006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the involvement of nervous system in the regulation of immune responses. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which function as a crucial bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, are present in large numbers in barrier tissues. Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters have been found to participate in the regulation of ILC2, adding a new dimension to neuroimmunity. However, a comprehensive and detailed overview of the mechanisms of neural regulation of ILC2, associated with previous findings and prospects for future research, is still lacking. In this review, we compile existing information that supports neurons as yet poorly understood regulators of ILC2 in the field of lung innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on neural regulation of the interaction between ILC2 and pulmonary immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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41
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Huang Q, Ma X, Wang Y, Niu Z, Wang R, Yang F, Wu M, Liang G, Rong P, Wang H, Harris DC, Wang W, Cao Q. IL-10 producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells prolong islet allograft survival. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12305. [PMID: 33034128 PMCID: PMC7645373 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a subset of ILCs with critical roles in immunoregulation. However, the possible role of ILC2s as immunotherapy against allograft rejection remains unclear. Here, we show that IL‐33 significantly prolonged islet allograft survival. IL‐33‐treated mice had elevated numbers of ILC2s and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Depletion of Tregs partially abolished the protective effect of IL‐33 on allograft survival, and additional ILC2 depletion in Treg‐depleted DEREG mice completely abolished the protective effects of IL‐33, indicating that ILC2s play critical roles in IL‐33‐mediated islet graft protection. Two subsets of ILC2s were identified in islet allografts of IL‐33‐treated mice: IL‐10 producing ILC2s (ILC210) and non‐IL‐10 producing ILC2s (non‐ILC10). Intravenous transfer of ILC210 cells, but not non‐ILC10, prolonged islet allograft survival in an IL‐10‐dependent manner. Locally transferred ILC210 cells led to long‐term islet graft survival, suggesting that ILC210 cells are required within the allograft for maximal suppressive effect and graft protection. This study has uncovered a major protective role of ILC210 in islet transplantation which could be potentiated as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Institute for Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fuyan Yang
- The Department of Nephrology, First People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Menglin Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guining Liang
- The Department of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - David Ch Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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42
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zhu X, Wang Z, Wang M. Upregulation of miR-155 regulates group 2 innate lymphoid cells by targeting c-maf in allergic rhinitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173564. [PMID: 32946865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and Th2 type immune response are critically involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), and this pathological process is influenced by microRNAs-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. The present study investigated the adaptation and function of miR-155 in AR patients and mouse model. We found that significantly increased miR-155 expression (1.63 ± 0.12 vs. 0.92 ± 0.11 in human, and 1.68 ± 0.15 vs. 1.06 ± 0.06 in mice) and ILC2s activity in nasal mucosa and serum in AR patients and mice. Administration of miR-155 antagomir significantly reduced the activity of ILC2s in nasal mucosa, suppressed the production of Th2 cytokines in serum and nasal mucosa, and alleviated the airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR mice, while miR-155 agomir increased ILC2s activity and production of Th2 cytokines and induced airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in control mice. Meanwhile, the expression of transcriptional factor c-Maf (0.57 ± 0.05 vs. 0.37 ± 0.04) in nasal mucosa in AR mice, which was significantly recovered by miR-155 antagomir (0.56 ± 0.04). Treatment with miR-155 agomir decreased c-Maf expression in nasal mucosa in control mice. This synchronized with the similar pattern in the current observations that miR-155 regulated Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13) production, airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR mice. Together, upregulation miR-155 suppressed the expression of transcriptional factor c-Maf and was critically involved in the ILC2s activation, which contributed to the airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xinhua Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiqun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
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Hirose S, Jahani PS, Wang S, Jaggi U, Tormanen K, Yu J, Kato M, Akbari O, Ghiasi H. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Induce CNS Demyelination in an HSV-IL-2 Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. iScience 2020; 23:101549. [PMID: 33083718 PMCID: PMC7522755 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that infection of different mouse strains with a recombinant HSV-1 expressing IL-2 (HSV-IL-2) caused CNS demyelination. Histologic examination of infected IL-2rα-/-, IL-2rβ-/-, and IL-2rγ-/- mice showed demyelination in the CNS of IL-2rα-/- and IL-2rβ-/- mice but not in the CNS of IL-2rγ-/--infected mice. No demyelination was detected in mice infected with control virus. IL-2rγ-/- mice that lack type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and ILCs, play important roles in host defense and inflammation. We next infected ILC1-/-, ILC2-/-, and ILC3-/- mice with HSV-IL-2 or wild-type (WT) HSV-1. In contrast to ILC1-/- and ILC3-/- mice, no demyelination was detected in the CNS of ILC2-/--sinfected mice. However, transfer of ILC2s from WT mice to ILC2-/- mice restored demyelination in infected recipient mice. CNS demyelination correlated with downregulation of CCL5 and CXCL10. This study demonstrates that ILC2s contribute to HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirose
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, SSB3, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pedram Shafiei Jahani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, SSB3, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, SSB3, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kati Tormanen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, SSB3, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jack Yu
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, SSB3, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mihoko Kato
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Neurobiology and Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, SSB3, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Darweesh AE, Agban M, Mohammed MH, Gabra RH. Association between opioid use disorder (tramadol) and serum level of interleukin-2. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting analgesic drug that has turned out to be a drug of growing interest due to its success in the management of pain in humans. By considering the twin mechanism of action of tramadol, as the activation of the opioid and of the monoaminergic systems, the potential immunological effects of this drug should be considered and be evaluated. Studies show that Tramadol induces an improvement of postoperative immune suppression and increases NK cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and IL-2 production which may be linked to its addictive potentiality. The present study aims to investigate the possible association between opioid use disorder (tramadol) and the serum level of interleukin-2 (IL-2).
An observational cross sectional study conducted at the Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Unit of the Addiction Management Unit of the Neurology and Psychiatry Department of Assiut University Hospital. Assessment of serum level of IL-2 for 59 male patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder (tramadol) according to DSM-5 compared to 32 cross-matched male individuals as a control group.
Results
Comparing the serum level of IL-2 in patients with opioid use disorder (tramadol) with that of the controls, it was found that the patients with opioid use disorder (tramadol) have significantly higher serum level of IL-2 (318.69 ± 35.89) than that of controls (260.45 ± 30.08) (P = 0.01). Patients with tramadol urine assay (> 200 ng/ml) have significantly higher serum level of IL-2.
Conclusion
The current study found that patients with opioid use disorder (tramadol) have significantly elevated serum levels of IL-2 than healthy controls. Also, this elevation was dose related.
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Alam F, Singh A, Flores-Malavet V, Sell S, Cooper AM, Swain SL, McKinstry KK, Strutt TM. CD25-Targeted IL-2 Signals Promote Improved Outcomes of Influenza Infection and Boost Memory CD4 T Cell Formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3307-3314. [PMID: 32376651 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleotropic cytokine with potent pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. These divergent impacts can be directed in vivo by forming complexes of IL-2 and anti-IL-2 mAbs (IL-2C) to target IL-2 to distinct subsets of cells based on their expression of subunits of the IL-2R. In this study, we show that treatment of mice with a prototypical anti-inflammatory IL-2C, JES6-1-IL-2C, best known to induce CD25+ regulatory CD4 T cell expansion, surprisingly causes robust induction of a suite of inflammatory factors. However, treating mice infected with influenza A virus with this IL-2C reduces lung immunopathology. We compare the spectrum of inflammatory proteins upregulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory IL-2C treatment and uncover a pattern of expression that reveals potentially beneficial versus detrimental aspects of the influenza-associated cytokine storm. Moreover, we show that anti-inflammatory IL-2C can deliver survival signals to CD4 T cells responding to influenza A virus that improve their memory fitness, indicating a novel application of IL-2 to boost pathogen-specific T cell memory while simultaneously reducing immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Alam
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827
| | - Ayushi Singh
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827
| | - Valeria Flores-Malavet
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827
| | - Stewart Sell
- Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201
| | | | - Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - K Kai McKinstry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827.,NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827; .,NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826
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Seo GY, Giles DA, Kronenberg M. The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:399-412. [PMID: 32047273 PMCID: PMC7186215 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a lymphocyte population that is mostly resident at mucosal surfaces. They help to induce an appropriate immune response to the microbiome at homeostasis. In healthy people, the mucosal immune system works symbiotically with organisms that make up the microbiota. ILCs play a critical role in orchestrating this balance, as they can both influence and in turn be influenced by the microbiome. ILCs also are important regulators of the early response to infections by diverse types of pathogenic microbes at mucosal barriers. Their rapid responses initiate inflammatory programs, production of antimicrobial products and repair processes. This review will focus on the role of ILCs in response to the microbiota and to microbial infections of the lung and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA,Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence:
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Zhao TX, Newland SA, Mallat Z. 2019 ATVB Plenary Lecture: Interleukin-2 Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease: The Potential to Regulate Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:853-864. [PMID: 32078364 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells and type-2 innate lymphoid cells represent 2 subsets of immune cells, which have been shown in preclinical models to be important in atherosclerosis and myocardial repair. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in immune homeostasis and tolerance via their interactions with effector T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages. They also utilize and secrete inhibitory cytokines, including interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β, to regulate or suppress pathogenic immune responses. Type-2 innate lymphoid cells have an important role in type-2 immune responses and tissue repair through secreting interleukins 5 and 13, as well as a variety of biological mediators and growth factors. Intriguingly, interleukin-2 has emerged as a common cytokine, which can be harnessed to upregulate both cell types, and also has important translational consequences as clinical trials are ongoing for its use in cardiovascular disease. Here, we briefly review the biology of these regulatory immune cell types, discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for their functions in cardiovascular disease, examine the prospects for clinical translation and current ongoing trials, and finally, postulate how overlap in the mechanisms of upregulation may be leveraged in future treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian X Zhao
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
| | - Stephen A Newland
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
- Paris-Descartes Université, Inserm U970, France (Z.M.)
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Natsume C, Aoki N, Aoyama T, Senda K, Matsui M, Ikegami A, Tanaka K, Azuma YT, Fujita T. Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms by Regulating Keratinocytes and Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062180. [PMID: 32235696 PMCID: PMC7139773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a xanthophyll that is contained abundantly in marine plants. The biological action of FX includes its antioxidant and anti-lipogenic activities, while the precise action of its mechanisms on skin cells has not yet been clarified. The current study examined the effect of FX in comparison with tacrolimus (TAC) on NC/Nga mice, which are an atopic dermatitis (AD) model. FX topical treatment dramatically ameliorated itching behavior over the TAC treatment, which was insufficient for improvement of AD symptoms. In Nc/Nga mice, FX or TAC applied to the skin inhibited eosinophil infiltration with decreased expression of Il-33. FX also stimulated Il-2, Il-5, Il-13, Il-10, and TGF-β expression levels, and Sca1+Il-10+TGF-β+ regulatory innate lymphoid cells (ILCreg) were dominantly observed in FX treated skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal layers. This combined evidence demonstrated that FX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and ameliorates AD symptoms by regulating ILCreg to normalize immune responses in an atopic dermatitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Natsume
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Nao Aoki
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Tomoko Aoyama
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Keisuke Senda
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Mio Matsui
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Airi Ikegami
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-77-561-2848
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The transcription factor RelB restrains group 2 innate lymphoid cells and type 2 immune pathology in vivo. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:230-242. [PMID: 32203192 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact relationships between group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and Th2 cells in type 2 pathology, as well as the mechanisms that restrain the responses of these cells, remain poorly defined. Here we examined the roles of ILC2s and Th2 cells in type 2 lung pathology in vivo using germline and conditional Relb-deficient mice. We found that mice with germline deletion of Relb (Relb-/-) spontaneously developed prominent type 2 pathology in the lung, which contrasted sharply with mice with T-cell-specific Relb deletion (Relbf/fCd4-Cre), which were healthy with no observed autoimmune pathology. We also found that in contrast to wild-type B6 mice, Relb-deficient mice showed markedly expanded ILC2s but not ILC1s or ILC3s. Moreover, adoptive transfer of naive CD4+ T cells into Rag1-/-Relb-/- hosts induced prominent type 2 lung pathology, which was inhibited by depletion of ILC2s. Mechanistically, we showed that Relb deletion led to enhanced expression of Bcl11b, a key transcription factor for ILC2s. We concluded that RelB plays a critical role in restraining ILC2s, primarily by suppressing Bcl11b activity, and consequently inhibits type 2 lung pathology in vivo.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic diseases represent a growing global health concern, especially among pediatric populations. Current strategies for the treatment of allergies and asthma focus on limiting the severity of the symptoms; however, additional research investigating the mechanisms promoting inflammation in the context of allergic reactions may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Novel studies have highlighted the contributions of innate lymphocytes to the induction of inflammatory responses to allergens. Remarkably, neuron-derived signals, hormones, and even vitamins have been suggested to modulate the activity of innate lymphocytes, opening new windows of opportunity for the treatment of allergic inflammation. SUMMARY These studies highlight the complex interactions of the nervous, endocrine, and immune system that promote pathology in the context of allergic inflammation. Further studies are required to understand these interactions in order to aid in the development of novel and much-needed therapies to treat allergic conditions.
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