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Li G, Li Z, Wang Y. The genus Litsea: A comprehensive review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and other studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118494. [PMID: 38944358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus L. has high medicinal value and has traditional been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as diabetes, edema, colds, arthritis, asthma, and traumatic injuries. AIM OF THE REVIEW This work addresses the missing information by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological applications of the more reported species of the genus L. The origin of the genus, its toxicology, and the use of classical therapies in modern medicine were also discussed. It provides references for historical evidence, resource development, and medical research on the genus. METHOD ology: Data about the genus L. were gathered via Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Connected Papers, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), electronic ancient books and local chronicles. The WFO Plant List (wfoplantlist.org) and Flora of China (www.iplant.cn) confirmed L.'s Latin name, and the species information. The program ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0 was used to create the molecular structures of the compounds that were displayed in the text. RESULT Currently, at least 740 constituents have been isolated and identified from L. These include 9 groups of chemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. They have been shown to have over 20 biological properties in vivo and in vitro, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. CONCLUSION Based on pharmacological investigations, chemical components, and traditional folk applications, L. is considered a medicinal plant having a variety of pharmacological actions. However, although the pharmacological activity of the L. genus has been preliminary demonstrated, most have only been assessed using simple in vitro cell lines or animal disease models. In order to fully elucidate the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of L., future studies should be conducted in a more comprehensive clinical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
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Sarkar A, Chakrabarti A, Bhaumik S, Debnath B, Singh SS, Ghosh R, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, Debnath S. Parkia javanica Edible Pods Reveal Potential as an Anti-Diabetic Agent: UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-Based Chemical Profiling, In Silico, In Vitro, In Vivo, and Oxidative Stress Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:968. [PMID: 39065816 PMCID: PMC11280426 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, over 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, with the majority residing in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes causes 1.5 million fatalities a year. The number of diabetes cases and its prevalence have progressively increased over the last few decades. This study aims to determine the phytochemicals in the edible part of Perkia javanica, predict their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential, one of the promising targets for diabetes, and then carry out in vitro and in vivo studies. The phytochemicals present in the n-butanol fraction of the methanol extract of P. javanica pods were analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS (Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry). The UHPLC-QTOF analysis revealed the presence of 79 different compounds in the n-butanol fraction. Among these, six compounds demonstrated excellent binding affinities with α-glucosidase, surpassing the performance of two standard inhibitors, Miglitol and Voglibose. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were assessed by the n-butanol fraction, followed by in vivo studies. According to the in vitro study, the inhibitory efficiency against α-glucosidase was determined to have an IC50 value of 261.9 µg/mL. The in vivo findings revealed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in Swiss albino mice treated with the same extract, decreasing from 462.66 mg/dL to 228.66 mg/dL. Additionally, the extract significantly increased the activity of the enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and kidney tissue. The predicted physicochemical parameters indicated that most of the compounds would be excreted from the body after inhibition in the small intestine without being absorbed. Considering the low cost and wide availability of raw materials, P. javanica pods can serve as a good food supplement that may help prevent type 2 diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekhya Sarkar
- Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India; (A.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Arjita Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India; (A.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Samhita Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Women’s College, Agartala 799001, India;
| | - Bimal Debnath
- Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India; (A.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Shiv Shankar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India; (A.C.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Rajat Ghosh
- In Silico Drug Design Lab., Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India;
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhash Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur 799114, India
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Bhaumik S, Sarkar A, Debnath S, Debnath B, Ghosh R, Zaki ME, Al-Hussain SA. α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential of Oroxylum indicum using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and in vitro evaluation. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102095. [PMID: 38766274 PMCID: PMC11101736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background According to the International Diabetes Federation, there will be 578 million individuals worldwide with diabetes by 2030 and 700 million by 2045. One of the promising drug targets to fight diabetes is α-glucosidase (AG), and its inhibitors may be used to manage diabetes by reducing the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars. The study aims to identify and validate potential AG inhibitors in natural sources to combat diabetes. Methods Computational techniques such as structure-based virtual screening and molecular dyncamic simulation were employed to predict potential AG inhibitors from compounds of Oroxylum indicum. Finally, in silico results were validated by in vitro analysis using n-butanol fraction of crude methanol extracts. Results The XP glide scores of top seven hits OI_13, OI_66, OI_16, OI_44, OI_43, OI_20, OI_78 and acarbose were -14.261, -13.475, -13.074, -13.045, -12.978, -12.659, -12.354 and -12.296 kcal/mol, respectively. These hits demonstrated excellent binding affinity towards AG, surpassing the known AG inhibitor acarbose. The MM-GBSA dG binding energies of OI_13, OI_66, and acarbose were -69.093, -62.950, and -53.055 kcal/mol, respectively. Most of the top hits were glycosides, indicating that active compounds lie in the n-butanol fraction of the extract. The IC50 value for AG inhibition by n-butanol fraction was 248.1 μg/ml, and for that of pure acarbose it was 89.16 μg/ml. The predicted oral absorption rate in humans for the top seven hits was low like acarbose, which favors the use of these compounds as anti-diabetes in the small intestine. Conclusion In summary, the study provides promising insights into the use of natural compounds derived from O. indicum as potential AG inhibitors to manage diabetes. However, further research, including clinical trials and pharmacological studies, would be necessary to validate their efficacy and safety before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Women’s College, Agartala, Tripura 799001, India
| | - Alekhya Sarkar
- Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhash Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura 799 114, India
| | - Bimal Debnath
- Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Rajat Ghosh
- In Silico Drug Design Lab., Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Magdi E.A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Anmol, Aggarwal G, Sharma M, Singh R, Shivani, Sharma U. Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117385. [PMID: 37951375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE India has an extensive reservoir of traditional wisdom and a diverse range of medicinal plants that enrich its heritage. Plants have actively been used for healthcare practices globally since the time immemorial. Medicinal uses of plants have been well recognized in India, evident from plant species documented in different traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda (1400-1800 species), Siddha (500-900 species), Unani (400-700 species), Homeopathy (about 372 species), and Sowa-Rigpa (about 250 species), etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary purpose of this review is to provide systematic updated information on thirteen medicinal plants prioritized by the Indian government (providing75 % subsidy on cultivation cost) based on the availability and market demand of these plants. Updated information regarding the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and conservation status of these plants will help in understanding their pharmacological and commercial importance. This will also help in developing new strategies for their conservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online databases such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar were used to collect the electronically available literature on targeted thirteen plants. Also, different Indian government official websites such as AYUSH (https://www.ayush.gov.in); NMPB (National Medicinal Plants Board) (https://nmpb.nic.in); e.charak (https://echarak.in) were used for collecting information related to the amount of subsidy, trade and price related information of these plants. RESULTS To promote medicinal plant cultivation, the Indian government provides subsidies for cultivating some traditionally important medicinal plants. These plants are divided into three categories according to the subsidy provided to farmers, i.e., 30%, 50%, and 75% of the cost of cultivation. Thirteen medicinal plants which are provided 75% subsidy are Aconitum ferox Wall., Aconitum heterophyllum Wall., Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., Berberis aristata DC., Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Pterocarpus santalinus L.f., Santalum Album L., Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., and Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst. The literature survey reveals the enormous traditional medicinal importance, wide geographical distribution, diverse range of natural products, and broad spectrum of pharmacological activities of these plants. CONCLUSION A comprehensive literature survey revealed that although remarkable progress has been made in isolation, bioactivity evaluation, quality assessment, and conservation, there is still a lot of scope for further scientific interventions. Scientific validation of traditionally claimed medicinal potential is lacking for various bioactivities. Some of the bioactivities are performed just on extracts/fractions, so there is a need for proper phytochemical studies to identify active constituents responsible for the specific bioactivity. Further, quality assessment methods using both targeted and non-targeted tools are required to evaluate the quality of these highly-priced medicinal plants and their adulterants. Ultimately, to encourage the cultivation of these endangered medicinal plant species, it is imperative to implement proper legislation and employ in-situ and ex-situ conservation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Aggarwal
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mehak Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raman Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivani
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Mkabayi L, Viljoen Z, Krause RW, Lobb KA, Pletschke BI, Frost CL. Inhibitory effects of selected cannabinoids against dipeptidyl peptidase IV, an enzyme linked to type 2 diabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23289. [PMID: 38169946 PMCID: PMC10758829 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance In recent times the decriminalisation of cannabis globally has increased its use as an alternative medication. Where it has been used in modern medicinal practises since the 1800s, there is limited scientific investigation to understand the biological activities of this plant. Aim of the study Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis, and inhibition of this enzyme has been used as a therapeutic approach to treat type 2 diabetes. However, some of the synthetic inhibitors for this enzyme available on the market may cause undesirable side effects. Therefore, it is important to identify new inhibitors of DPP-IV and to understand their interaction with this enzyme. Methods In this study, four cannabinoids (cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabinol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against recombinant human DPP-IV and their potential inhibition mechanism was explored using both in vitro and in silico approaches. Results All four cannabinoids resulted in a dose-dependent response with IC50 values of between 4.0 and 6.9 μg/mL. Kinetic analysis revealed a mixed mode of inhibition. CD spectra indicated that binding of cannabinoids results in structural and conformational changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme. These findings were supported by molecular docking studies which revealed best docking scores at both active and allosteric sites for all tested inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations showed that cannabinoids formed a stable complex with DPP-IV protein via hydrogen bonds at an allosteric site, suggesting that cannabinoids act by either inducing conformational changes or blocking the active site of the enzyme. Conclusion These results demonstrated that cannabinoids may modulate DPP-IV activity and thereby potentially assist in improving glycaemic regulation in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lithalethu Mkabayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Zenobia Viljoen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Rui W.M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kevin A. Lobb
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Carminita L. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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Ashmawy NS, Gad HA, El-Nashar HAS. Comparative Study of Essential Oils from Different Organs of Syzygium cumini (Pamposia) Based on GC/MS Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antiaging Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:7861. [PMID: 38067590 PMCID: PMC10708113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini L. is an evergreen tree belonging to family Myrtaceae, employed for different traditional uses like diabetes, inflammation, and fever. The current study aimed to compare the chemical compositions of the essential oils (EOs) isolated from different organs of Syzygium cumini (leaves (Scl), fruits (Scf), seeds (Scs), and bark (Scb)) using a GC/MS analysis. Also, a chemometric analysis was applied to explore the main similarities and differences among different organs using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA). Furthermore, in vitro antiaging activities were investigated via anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase assays. The GC-MS analysis revealed 82 compounds representing 92.13%, 99.42%, 100%, and 92.97% in Scl, Scf, Scs, and Scb, respectively. The predominant components were α-pinene, β-pinene, (E)-β-caryophyllene, α-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and α-humulene epoxide II with variable percentages. All EOs were positioned on positive PC1, except for Scs, which was positioned on the negative side in a separate quadrant. The HCA dendrogram displayed the closeness of Scl and Scb, which was not clearly recognized in the PCA score plot. Moreover, the Scs oils were totally discriminated from other parts. The Scl and Scs oils showed superior anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase activities. Thus, S. cumini oils should be considered for cosmetic preparations to retard skin aging manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa S. Ashmawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Haidy A. Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Heba A. S. El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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Byahut A, Bag A. An update on medicinal plants traditionally used to treat diabetes in southeast Sikkim, India. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bhatnagar A, Saini R, Dagar P, Mishra A. Molecular modelling and in vitro studies of Daruharidra as a potent alpha-amylase inhibitor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3872-3883. [PMID: 35412420 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2058093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims at exploring the potential of the Daruharidra plant (stem and bark) for inhibition of alpha-amylase. Aqueous and ethanolic extraction yielded the highest total phenolic content (TPC) of 101.4 and 111.8 mcg of gallic acid equivalent. Methanol and ethanol extract had Total flavonoid content (TFC) of 319.6 and 288.3 mcg of quercetin equivalent, respectively. In contrast, petroleum ether extraction resulted in the lowest TPC of 23.6 and TFC of 8.33 mcg, respectively. Methanol (5.554 mg/ml), acetone (6.576 mg/ml), and ethanol (7.321 mg/ml) extract had the lowest IC50 values in alpha-amylase inhibition with the mode of inhibition being non-competitive inhibition. HR-LCMS was used for comprehension of phytoconstituents present in the extract. Amongst hundreds of hits observed 10 ligands of alkaloid nature were used for docking studies. Berbamine, alloxanthine, protopine and benazepril along with reference molecule (Acarbose) were subjected to Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to analyze the stability of the docked protein-ligand complex. The values of RMSD, RMSF, RG, H-Bond and SASA, the interaction energy of all protein-ligand complexes were calculated after 150 ns of MD simulation. The results of screened complexes revealed good stability as compared to reference Acarbose. These screened ligands used for simulation have the most negative binding energies that interacted with alpha amylase enzyme having -9.28 kcal/mol, -7.51 kcal/mol, -7.73 kcal/mol and -8.00 kcal/mol, energies respectively. The results show significant alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and interaction of ligands targeting this enzyme, which can be used for cross-validation, in vitroCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhatnagar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Ravi Saini
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Priya Dagar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
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Qamar M, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Wahid M, Ali S, Nazir Y, Murtaza S, Abbas MW, Ziora ZM. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels extracts; in vivo anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, acute and subacute toxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114919. [PMID: 34995693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels has been extensively used in the ancient medical system of Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka to combat diabetes, inflammation, and renal disorders. These health-promoting aspects of S. cumini are related to bioactive metabolites such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, tannins, and flavonoids. AIM OF THE STUDY Earlier to this study, we have reported S. cumini extracts as potential sources of bioactive compounds bearing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, prior further suggesting S. cumini fruit extracts for consumption against inflammatory disorders, it was mandatory to validate the claim and explore toxicity of the extracts. This study aims to determine the in vivo anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, acute, and subacute toxicity properties of S. cumini crude extracts, followed by identifying and quantifying bioactive metabolites. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of S. cumini sequential crude extracts were evaluated using formalin and glutamate-induced paw licking method in mice. The acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of active extract was performed by oral administration in rats. An acute toxicity trial was performed with two different doses, i.e., 2000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg for consecutive 14 days, whereas a sub-acute toxicity study was conducted at doses of 750 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg for the next 28 days. Identification of bioactive compounds was performed using HPLC, and at the end, in silico docking calculations of identified compounds were performed. RESULTS The 100% methanolic extract (SCME) protected the mice from painful stimulation of formalin and glutamate in a dose-dependent manner with the maximum effect of 49% and 67% at 200 mg/kg, respectively, followed by moderate and non-influential effects of 50% methanolic extract and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts when compared to control, i.e., normal saline. The results of acute toxicity recorded LD50 of SCME over 3000 mg/kg, and no antagonistic effects were recorded during the subacute study when SCME dispensed at the rate of 750 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg. SCME was found to induce no adverse effects to kidney, heart, liver, spleen, and paired lungs examined by hematological, serum biochemical, histological analysis. HPLC analysis of S. cumini 100% methanolic extracts revealed the presence of delphinidin 3-glucoside, peonidin-3,5-diglucoside, scopoletin, and umbelliferone at the concentration of 127.4, 2104, 31.3, 10.4 μg/g whereas in 50% methanolic extract, the quinic acid, catechin, and myricetin were present at the concentration of 54.9, 63.7, 12.3 μg/g, respectively. Umbelliferone and scopoletin are newly reported compounds in the present study. In silico docking calculations of these compounds indicated the potential of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSIONS These findings validate that S. cumini fruit extracts are a rich source of bioactive compounds that needs to be considered to enhance biological activities with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qamar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sajed Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, 51300, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Murtaza
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niazbaig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik Waseem Abbas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Singh N, Yadav SS, Kumar S, Narashiman B. Ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and clinical studies on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Formulation and evaluation of SGLT2 inhibitory effect of a polyherbal mixture inspired from Ayurvedic system of medicine. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:477-487. [PMID: 36081821 PMCID: PMC9446025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The ingredients viz., Artemisia roxburghiana, Cissampelos pareira, Stephania glabra, Drimia indica, Roylea cinerea, Tinospora sinensis and Curcuma longa of the present formulation are used to treat diabetes in the Indian traditional medical system. Adopting the concept of multiple herbal mixtures for better therapeutic effects from the ancient Ayurvedic text Sarangdhar Samhita, the present study aimed to develop a polyherbal formulation (PHF) of seven herbs and to evaluate its sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT2) inhibitory effect on type 2 diabetic rats. Experimental procedure Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (NAM) (120 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to induce type 2 diabetes in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 5 groups viz. normal control, diabetic control, positive control (dapagliflozin at 0.1 mg/kg) and two test groups (PHF at 250 and 500 mg/kg). Various parameters including blood glucose, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), bilirubin, triglycerides and creatinine were measured. Results and conclusion The treatment with PHF (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose levels by 56.37% and 58.17%, respectively. The levels of SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin were significantly reduced in PHF-fed diabetic rats. Histopathological examination revealed no major changes in the treated groups as compared to the normal control. The molecular docking study showed strong binding of β-sitosterol, insulanoline, warifteine, dehydrocorydalmine, taraxerol acetate, lupeol, corydalmine and luteolin to SGLT2 protein. The present study concludes that PHF has promising antidiabetic activity via inhibiting SGLT2 protein without showing any adverse effects. Polyherbal formulation is prepared with seven traditional herbs used in diabetes. It showed antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Liver and kidney functions were found normal in the treated diabetic rats. Histopathology of the liver, kidney and pancreas did not show any toxic sign after the treatment. Molecular docking study showed the SGLT2 inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds.
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Qamar M, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Wahid M, Abbas MW, Mubarak MS, Yuan Y, Barnard RT, Ziora ZM, Esatbeyoglu T. Phytochemical Profile, Biological Properties, and Food Applications of the Medicinal Plant Syzygium cumini. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030378. [PMID: 35159528 PMCID: PMC8834268 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini, locally known as Jamun in Asia, is a fruit-bearing crop belonging to the Myrtaceae family. This study aims to summarize the most recent literature related to botany, traditional applications, phytochemical ingredients, pharmacological activities, nutrition, and potential food applications of S. cumini. Traditionally, S. cumini has been utilized to combat diabetes and dysentery, and it is given to females with a history of abortions. Anatomical parts of S. cumini exhibit therapeutic potentials including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimalarial, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities attributed to the presence of various primary and secondary metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids (i.e., quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol), phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid) and anthocyanins (delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, petunidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside). Different fruit parts of S. cumini have been employed to enhance the nutritional and overall quality of jams, jellies, wines, and fermented products. Today, S. cumini is also used in edible films. So, we believe that S. cumini’s anatomical parts, extracts, and isolated compounds can be used in the food industry with applications in food packaging and as food additives. Future research should focus on the isolation and purification of compounds from S. cumini to treat various disorders. More importantly, clinical trials are required to develop low-cost medications with a low therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qamar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.Q.); (S.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.Q.); (S.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.Q.); (S.A.); (T.I.)
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 188, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Malik Waseem Abbas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | | | - Ye Yuan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (Y.Y.); (Z.M.Z.)
| | - Ross T. Barnard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (Y.Y.); (Z.M.Z.)
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Przeor M. Some Common Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity, Known and Available in Europe (A Mini-Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010065. [PMID: 35056122 PMCID: PMC8778315 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affected 9.3% of adults worldwide in 2019. Its co-occurrence is suspected to increase mortality from COVID-19. The treatment of diabetes is mainly based on the long-term use of pharmacological agents, often expensive and causing unpleasant side effects. There is an alarming increase in the number of pharmaceuticals taken in Europe. The aim of this paper is to concisely collect information concerning the few antidiabetic or hypoglycaemic raw plant materials that are present in the consciousness of Europeans and relatively easily accessible to them on the market and sometimes even grown on European plantations. The following raw materials are discussed in this mini-review: Morus alba L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., and Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer in terms of scientifically tested antidiabetic activity and the presence of characteristic biologically active compounds and their specific properties, including antioxidant properties. The characteristics of these raw materials are based on in vitro as well as in vivo studies: on animals and in clinical studies. In addition, for each plant, the possibility to use certain morphological elements in the light of EFSA legislation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Przeor
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Qamar M, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Yuan Y, Ahmad N, Tawab A, Ismail A, Barnard RT, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT, Ziora ZM. Syzygium cumini(L.),Skeels fruit extracts: In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113805. [PMID: 33465442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is an important medicinal plant utilized in the health care systems of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. S. cumini have been used to treat renal issues, indigestion, diabetes, dysentery, and employed in folk medicine to treat inflammations. It is known to anticipate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, antifungal, activities, and radioprotective activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of S. cumini fruit extracts, evaluated using membrane stabilization, egg albumin denaturation, and bovine serum albumin denaturation assays. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed, using murine models of carrageenan, formaldehyde, and PGE2 induced paw edema. Fractionation of active extracts was performed using HPLC, followed by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory activity. RESULTS The crude methanolic extract showed stronger in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities compared to other extracts. The most potent effects were observed in the formaldehyde induced paw edema assay wherein methanolic extract and standard indomethacin induced 72% and 88% inhibition against paw edema volume in comparison to control (normal saline) respectively. In the bovine serum albumin denaturation assay the methanolic extract induced 82% inhibition against denaturation as compared to control (phosphate buffer) while standard diclofenac sodium induced 98% inhibition. In contrast, 50% v/v MeOH:H2O or 100% dichloromethane extracts displayed moderate to weak effects in the anti-inflammatory models. HPLC fractionation provided 6 active sub-fractions, four (MF2, MF3, MF6, MF7) from the 100% methanolic extract and two (HAF1, HAF3) from the 50% methanolic extract. The MF2, MF7, and HAF1 sub-fractions displayed potent activity in all studied in vitro assays. LC-ESI-MS-MS analysis tentatively identified delphinidin 3-glucoside, peonidin-3,5-diglucoside, gallic acid, liquitrigenin, scopoletin, umbelliferon, and rosmanol from the 100% methanolic fractions. Myricetin, catechin, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and caffeic acid were identified in the 50% methanolic fractions. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that S. cumini fruit extracts are a rich source of bioactive compounds that are worthy of further investigation as leads for anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qamar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Tawab
- Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ross T Barnard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Mohi-Ud-Din R, Mir RH, Mir PA, Farooq S, Raza SN, Raja WY, Masoodi MH, Singh IP, Bhat ZA. Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:624-644. [PMID: 33143603 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999201102141206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. OBJECTIVE The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. CONCLUSION A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory both in vitro and in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Saeema Farooq
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Naiem Raza
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Weekar Younis Raja
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Amritsar Pharmacy College, 12 KM stone Amritsar Jalandhar GT Road, Mandwala-143001, India
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
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Feng Z, Lu X, Gan L, Zhang Q, Lin L. Xanthones, A Promising Anti-Inflammatory Scaffold: Structure, Activity, and Drug Likeness Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E598. [PMID: 32019180 PMCID: PMC7037265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's self-protective response to multiple stimulus, from external harmful substances to internal danger signals released after trauma or cell dysfunction. Many diseases are considered to be related to inflammation, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. Current therapeutic approaches include mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids, which are generally of limited effectiveness and severe side-effects. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Xanthones, a unique scaffold with a 9H-Xanthen-9-one core structure, widely exist in natural sources. Till now, over 250 xanthones were isolated and identified in plants from the families Gentianaceae and Hypericaceae. Many xanthones have been disclosed with anti-inflammatory properties on different models, either in vitro or in vivo. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of xanthones with anti-inflammatory properties, and analyzed their drug likeness, which might be potential therapeutic agents to fight against inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Z.F.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiuqiang Lu
- Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350300, China;
| | - Lishe Gan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Z.F.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Z.F.); (Q.Z.)
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Bhagyawant SS, Narvekar DT, Gupta N, Bhadkaria A, Gautam AK, Srivastava N. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Lectin Exhibit Inhibition of ACE-I, α-amylase and α-glucosidase Activity. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:494-501. [PMID: 30919768 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190327130037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and hypertension are the major health concern and alleged to be of epidemic proportions. This has made it a numero uno subject at various levels of investigation. Glucosidase inhibitor provides the reasonable option in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as it specifically targets post prandial hyperglycemia. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in hypertension. Therefore, inhibition of ACE in treatment of elevated blood pressure attracts special interest of the scientific community. Chickpea is a food legume and seeds contain carbohydrate binding protein- a lectin. Some of the biological properties of this lectin hitherto been elucidated. METHODS Purified by ion exchange chromatography, chickpea lectin was tested for its in vitro antioxidant, ACE-I inhibitory and anti-diabetic characteristic. RESULTS Lectin shows a characteristic improvement over the synthetic drugs like acarbose (oral anti-diabetic drug) and captopril (standard antihypertensive drug) when, their IC50 values are compared. Lectin significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 values of 85.41 ± 1.21 µg/ml and 65.05 ± 1.2 µg/ml compared to acarbose having IC50 70.20 ± 0.47 value of µg/ml and 50.52 ± 1.01 µg/ml respectively. β-Carotene bleaching assay showed antioxidant activity of lectin (72.3%) to be as active as Butylated Hydroxylanisole (BHA). In addition, lectin demonstrated inhibition against ACE-I with IC50 value of 57.43 ± 1.20 µg/ml compared to captopril. CONCLUSION Lectin demonstrated its antioxidant character, ACE-I inhibition and significantly inhibitory for α-glucosidase and α-amylase seems to qualify as an anti-hyperglycemic therapeutic molecule. The biological effects of chickpea lectin display potential for reducing the parameters of medically debilitating conditions. These characteristics however needs to be established under in vivo systems too viz. animals through to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neha Gupta
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Amita Bhadkaria
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gautam
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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Ethnopharmacological Properties and Medicinal Uses of Litsea cubeba. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060150. [PMID: 31159425 PMCID: PMC6631214 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The genus Litsea is predominant in tropical and subtropical regions of India, China, Taiwan, and Japan. The plant possesses medicinal properties and has been traditionally used for curing various gastro-intestinal ailments (e.g., diarrhea, stomachache, indigestion, and gastroenteritis) along with diabetes, edema, cold, arthritis, asthma, and traumatic injury. Besides its medicinal properties, Litsea is known for its essential oil, which has protective action against several bacteria, possesses antioxidant and antiparasitic properties, exerts acute and genetic toxicity as well as cytotoxicity, and can even prevent several cancers. Here we summarize the ethnopharmacological properties, essentials oil, medicinal uses, and health benefits of an indigenous plant of northeast India, emphasizing the profound research to uplift the core and immense potential present in the conventional medicine of the country. This review is intended to provide insights into the gaps in our knowledge that need immediate focus on in-situ conservation strategies of Litsea due to its non-domesticated and dioecious nature, which may be the most viable approach and intense research for the long-term benefits of society and local peoples.
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Bose B, Tripathy D, Chatterjee A, Tandon P, Kumaria S. Secondary metabolite profiling, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory potential and in vitro inhibitory activities of Nardostachys jatamansi on key enzymes linked to hyperglycemia, hypertension and cognitive disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:58-69. [PMID: 30668444 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., 'Spikenard' or 'Jatamansi', a highly valued, aromatic herb from alpine Himalayas has a long history of use as ethnomedicine and dietary supplements in Ayurveda, Unani and Chinese system of medicine since Vedic ages (1000-800 BC). In Ayurveda and traditional system of medicine, the species is used as stimulant, sedative, brain tonic or mind rejuvenator, antidiabetic, cardio tonic, and in the treatment of various neurological disorders such as insomnia, epilepsy, hysteria, anxiety and depression. It is considered as Sattvic herb in Ayurveda and is now commercially marketed either as single or poly-herbal formulations by many companies in national and international markets. AIM OF THE STUDY The species has become threatened in its natural habitats due to over exploitation and illegal trade of its rhizomes for drug preparation in herbal and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the increasing demand and tremendous medicinal importance of this threatened plant species, a detailed study was undertaken to evaluate its antioxidant potential, secondary metabolite profiling, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory potential and in vitro enzyme inhibitory activities on key enzymes linked to hyperglycemia, hypertension and cognitive disorders in different plant parts of wild and in vitro-raised plants with respect to different solvent systems for its sustainable utilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-cholinesterase activity of leaves and rhizome of wild and cultured plant extracts was investigated against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. In vitro anti-hyperglycemic (α-amylase and PTP1B), anti-hypertensive (angiotensin-converting enzyme), anti-tyrosinase and anti-inflammatory potential (5-lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase) of different plant parts of wild and in vitro-raised plants with respect to different solvent systems were also evaluated. In vitro cytotoxic effect of rootstock extracts of wild and in vitro-derived plants were against cancer (HCT-116, MCF-7 and OE33) and two normal (HEK and MEF) cell lines. Secondary metabolite profiling of rhizome segments of wild and in vitro-derived plants was carried out by quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS In vitro-raised plantlets showed comparative higher yield of various secondary metabolites with a significantly high antioxidant activity as compared to the wild plants. Methanolic rootstock extracts of both wild and in vitro-derived plants of N. jatamansi exhibited significant AChE (IC50 36.46 ± 2.1 and 31.18 ± 2.6 µg/ml, respectively) and BuChE (IC50 64.6 ± 3.5 and 60.12 ± 3.6 µg/ml, respectively) inhibitory potential as compared to standard inhibitor galanthamine (IC50 0.94 ± 0.03 and 4.45 ± 0.5 µg/ml). Methanolic rootstock extract of in vitro-derived plants showed significant α-amylase (IC50 90.69 ± 2.1 µg/ml), PTP1B (IC50 24.56 ± 0.8 µg/ml), angiotensin-converting enzyme (IC50 42.5 ± 3.6 µg/ml) and tyrosinase (IC50 168.12 ± 3.6 µg/ml) inhibitory potential as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 52.36 ± 3.1 µg/ml), ursolic acid (IC50 5.24 ± 0.8 µg/ml), captopril (IC50 32.36 ± 2.5 µg/ml) and kojic acid (IC50 = 54.44 ± 2.3 µg/ml). Both the methanolic rootstock and leaf extracts of tissue culture-derived plants exhibited promising anti-5-LOX and anti-hyaluronidase activities against the known inhibitor of 5-LOX and hyaluronidase. Furthermore, methanolic rootstock extracts of both wild and in vitro-derived plants exhibited promising cytotoxic effects to HCT-116, MCF-7 and OE33 cell lines as compared to the normal HEK and MEF after 12 h of treatment. Secondary metabolite profiling of wild and in vitro-derived plants by quantitative GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of different classes of terpenoids and phenolic acids might be responsible for its effective biological activities. CONCLUSION In vitro-derived plants revealed a substantial anti-cholinesterases, anti-hyperglycemic anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and anti-tyrosinase potential with higher yield of various bioactive metabolites and significantly higher antioxidant activity which substantially explain medicinal importance of N. jatamansi in traditional medicine, used for centuries in different Ayurvedic formulations. The present findings suggest that cultured plants could be a promising alternative for the production of bioactive metabolites with comparative biological activities to the wild plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Bose
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Debabrata Tripathy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Anupam Chatterjee
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Pramod Tandon
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Suman Kumaria
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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Mrabti HN, Jaradat N, Kachmar MR, Ed-Dra A, Ouahbi A, Cherrah Y, El Abbes Faouzi M. Integrative herbal treatments of diabetes in Beni Mellal region of Morocco. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 17:93-99. [PMID: 30670366 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes is one of the most life-threatening chronic metabolic disorders and is considered a global health problem due to its prevalence and incidence. In Morocco, several herbal preparations are utilized to treat this disease. For this reason, the current study aimed to identify and to collect data about the medicinal plants utilized in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes in the Beni Mellal region of Morocco. METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among 400 herbalists, competent villagers and traditional healers from the Beni Mellal region through direct interviews using a semistructured questionnaire. RESULTS Forty-five medicinal plants belonging to 25 families were identified for their use in diabetes treatment. Interview results showed that the most frequently used plants were Olea europaea, Salvia officinalis, Allium sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum, with a relative frequency of citation values of 24.3%, 23.0%, 22.5% and 20.5%, respectively. Moreover, in this study, the Fabaceae family was the most commonly reported plant family, and the leaves and roots were the most commonly used parts, for the treatment of diabetes. CONCLUSION The Beni Mellal region of Morocco has an important floristic biodiversity of plants used to treat diabetes in traditional medicinal practice. This result provides a good database for pharmacological screenings in the search for plant-based antidiabetic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetic Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Université Mohammed V-Souissi, Rabat 10056, Morocco.
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7, Palestine.
| | - Mohamed Reda Kachmar
- Faculty of Sciences, Health and Environment Laboratory, Plant Protection Team, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, BP 11201-Zitoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Faculty of Science, Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, BP 11201-Zitoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Ouahbi
- Faculty of Sciences, Health and Environment Laboratory, Plant Protection Team, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, BP 11201-Zitoune, Morocco
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetic Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Université Mohammed V-Souissi, Rabat 10056, Morocco
| | - Moulay El Abbes Faouzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetic Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Université Mohammed V-Souissi, Rabat 10056, Morocco
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22
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Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:4. [PMID: 30555770 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have a vast potential in the treatment of various ailments due to the presence of therapeutically important phytochemicals. Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder and several marketed medications are available to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes. However, these over the counter drugs are expensive and associated with several complications. Herbal medicines are gaining importance as they are cost-effective and also display improved therapeutic effects with lesser side effects. The present review includes the reports available on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes complications. The aim of the review is to categorize and summarize the available information on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties and suggesting outlooks for future research. A systematic search was performed on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties using several search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and other online journals and books. All the plants listed in this review are native to Asian countries and are routinely used by the traditional practitioners for the treatment of various ailments. Based on the literature data available, a total of 81 medicinal plants with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, anti-lipidemic and insulin mimetic properties have been compiled in this review. This review provides useful information about the different medicinal plants for treating diabetes-associated complications. Further research can be carried out to study the active constituents and mechanism of these plants.
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Neag MA, Mocan A, Echeverría J, Pop RM, Bocsan CI, Crişan G, Buzoianu AD. Berberine: Botanical Occurrence, Traditional Uses, Extraction Methods, and Relevance in Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Hepatic, and Renal Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:557. [PMID: 30186157 PMCID: PMC6111450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine-containing plants have been traditionally used in different parts of the world for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, skin diseases, wound healing, reducing fevers, affections of eyes, treatment of tumors, digestive and respiratory diseases, and microbial pathologies. The physico-chemical properties of berberine contribute to the high diversity of extraction and detection methods. Considering its particularities this review describes various methods mentioned in the literature so far with reference to the most important factors influencing berberine extraction. Further, the common separation and detection methods like thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry are discussed in order to give a complex overview of the existing methods. Additionally, many clinical and experimental studies suggest that berberine has several pharmacological properties, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidative, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective effects. This review summarizes the main information about botanical occurrence, traditional uses, extraction methods, and pharmacological effects of berberine and berberine-containing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Raluca M. Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina I. Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crişan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca D. Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Chakraborty R, Roy S, Mandal V. Assessment of traditional knowledge of the antidiabetic plants of Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas in the context of recent phytochemical and pharmacological advances. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 14:336-58. [PMID: 27641606 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas, a part of Eastern Himalayan Hotspot, is characterized by its richness of plant diversity. Herbal medicine has been one of the most popular and reliable healing practices among the different ethnic groups of this region for ages. However, the lack of documentation practice by the traditional healers has led to obscurity regarding the efficacy of herbal medicine among the present generation, though they have to depend on the same quite often. Meanwhile, several reviews have attempted to document the plants used for the treatment of diabetes from this region, but interestingly, very few research works can be obtained regarding the characterization of antidiabetic properties of the plants of this region. Therefore, it demands a better understanding of the potentiality of these plants in the purview of scientific evidence. This review article reports 55 such plant species which have been reported to be frequently used in the treatment of hyperglycemia and our objective was to validate the potentiality of the plants in the light of recent phytochemical and pharmacological researches being carried out locally or elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, APC Roy Government College, Siliguri-734010, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Department of Botany, Kurseong College, Kurseong-734203, West Bengal, India
| | - Vivekananda Mandal
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda- 732103, West Bengal, India
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Deepa P, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S, Park SJ. A role of Ficus species in the management of diabetes mellitus: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:210-232. [PMID: 29305899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common global health concerns, with a rapidly increasing incidence. A variety of medicinal plants, particularly those belonging to the genus Ficus (Moraceae), and their active compounds have been used to treat diabetes and related chronic disorders since ancient times. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to provide information regarding traditional and scientific knowledge of Ficus species with antidiabetic activity to researchers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to obtain information about the antidiabetic properties of Ficus from the electronic databases. Common and scientific names of various Ficus species were used as keywords for the search, along with the terms antidiabetic, hypoglycemic and diabetes. RESULTS Among the assorted species of Ficus that were included in our search, F. benghalensis, F. carica, F. glomerata, F. glumosa, F. racemosa, and F. religiosa exhibited remarkable antidiabetic properties with various mechanisms of action. Moreover, Ficus species are versatile sources of bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, sterols and vitamin E. These extracts and isolated compounds significantly have enhanced insulin secretion and subsequently reduced blood glucose level in various in vivo studies. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the antidiabetic potentials of the genus Ficus, including pharmacological studies with mechanisms of action as well as ethnobotanical uses. This review can help inform future scientific research towards the development of novel antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Rosas-Ramírez D, Escandón-Rivera S, Pereda-Miranda R. Morning glory resin glycosides as α-glucosidase inhibitors: In vitro and in silico analysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 148:39-47. [PMID: 29421509 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-seven individual resin glycosides from the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae) were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Four of these compounds displayed an inhibitory activity comparable to acarbose, which was used as a positive control. Molecular modeling studies performed by docking analysis were accomplished to predict that the active compounds and acarbose bind to the α-1,4-glucosidase enzyme catalytic site of MAL12 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through stable hydrogen bonds primarily with the amino acid residues HIS279 and GLN322. Docking studies with the human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) also identified binding modes for resin glycosides inside the catalytic site in the proximity of TYR1251. These results postulate that resin glycosides may be a source of phytotherapeutic agents with antihyperglycemic properties for the prophylaxis and treatment of non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rosas-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Escandón-Rivera
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Pereda-Miranda
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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27
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Dubey S, Mitra K, De BK, Mondal A, Bishayee A. Effects of Paederia foetida and its Bioactive Phytochemical Constituent Lupeol on Hepatic Phase I Drug Metabolism. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many possible complications associated with the concomitant use of herbs and medications, but limited information is available on herb-herb or herb-drug interactions. Paederia foetida Linn. (family: Rubiaceae) is utilized in the Indian traditional medicine. It exhibits various pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, antiulcer and antioxidant activities. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the inhibitory potential of the P. foetida ethanolic extract and its bioactive constituent lupeol on hepatic phase I drug metabolizing enzymes. The high performance thin layer chromatography was performed for qualitative analysis of various extracts of P. foetida. The effects of P. foetida extract on rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and individual cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6) were investigated using CYP450-carbon monoxide complex assay and fluorescence microplate assay, respectively. The ethanolic extract and lupeol (both at a concentration of 100 μg/mL) showed 45±3.3 and 44±3.8% inhibition of rat liver microsomes, respectively, which were significantly less than that of known inhibitor ketoconazole (74±5.4% inhibition at 100 μg/mL). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of ethanolic extract on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 were 78±2.3 and 82±3.1 μg/mL, respectively, whereas its major bioactive constituent lupeol has IC50 values of 83±2.0 and 84±2.6 μg/mL for CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, respectively. The results were of lesser magnitude compared to known inhibitors, ketoconazole and quinidine, respectively. The current study revealed that P. foetida has less inhibitory potential in comparison to that of known inhibitors, ketoconazole and quinidine, on two major drug metabolizing isozymes, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Thus, the use of P. foetida as a complementary or alternative medicine may be safe in regard to herb-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Bengal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kalyani - 741 235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuntal Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Bengal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kalyani - 741 235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijoy Kumar De
- Department of Pharmacology, Bengal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kalyani - 741 235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Durgapur - 713 212, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, Florida 33169, USA
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Hegde S, Hegde HV, Jalalpure SS, Peram MR, Pai SR, Roy S. Resolving Identification Issues of Saraca asoca from Its Adulterant and Commercial Samples Using Phytochemical Markers. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S266-S272. [PMID: 28808391 PMCID: PMC5538165 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_417_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde (Ashoka) is a highly valued endangered medicinal tree species from Western Ghats of India. Besides treating cardiac and circulatory problems, S. asoca provides immense relief in gynecological disorders. Higher price and demand, in contrast to the smaller population size of the plant, have motivated adulteration with other plants such as Polyalthia longifolia (Sonnerat) Thwaites. The fundamental concerns in quality control of S. asoca arise due to its part of medicinal value (Bark) and the chemical composition. Phytochemical fingerprinting with proper selection of analytical markers is a promising method in addressing quality control issues. In the present study, high-performance liquid chromatography of phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin) coupled to multivariate analysis was used. Five samples each of S. asoca, P. longifolia from two localities alongside five commercial market samples showed evidence of adulteration. Subsequently, multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis was established to discriminate the adulterants of S. asoca. The proposed method ascertains identification of S. asoca from its putative adulterant P. longifolia and commercial market samples. The data generated may also serve as baseline data to form a quality standard for pharmacopoeias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satisha Hegde
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.,KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha Vasudev Hegde
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil Satyappa Jalalpure
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.,Department of Pharmacognosy, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Ramachandra Pai
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Borgohain MP, Chowdhury L, Ahmed S, Bolshette N, Devasani K, Das TJ, Mohapatra A, Lahkar M. Renoprotective and antioxidative effects of methanolic Paederia foetida leaf extract on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:451-459. [PMID: 28111217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paederia foetida Linn. (Family: Rubiaceae) is widely used as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus by the Nepali and Lepcha tribes of Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayan region. The plant is administered to a diabetic individual in the form of leaf infusion for 2-3 weeks. Therefore, we investigated the effects of methanolic leaf extract of Paederia foetida (MEPF) on alloxan (ALX) induced diabetic renal oxidative stress and NF-kB dependent renoinflammatory events in rat. Method Effects of MEPF on blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum and oxidative stress markers were evaluated in ALX induced diabetic wistar rats. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to estimate serum IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and renal tissue NF-kB p65 levels. MEPF treatment was given to the diabetic rats at a dose of 250 and 500mg/kg body weight (b.w.). RESULTS & DISCUSSION MEPF treatment significantly reduced hyperglycaemia, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TRIGs), and total cholesterol (TCHOL) levels in the diabetic rats, whereas it significantly restored GFR and serum albumin level. The activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machineries was remarkably augmented by MEPF treatment. Likewise, it also significantly lowered lipid peroxidation which was evidenced by decreased concentration of thiobarbituric reactive substances (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the renal tissue of treated diabetic groups. Moreover, MEPF treated animals exhibited low serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α compared to the diabetic control rats. It showed a dose dependent inhibition of NF-kB activation in the diabetic kidney, but the effects were more prominent at a dose of 500mg/kg. Histopathological examinations also confirmed its nephroprotective action during diabetes. CONCLUSION MEPF treatment mitigates oxidative stress and suppresses renal inflammation via inhibition of NF-kB in diabetic kidney in early progressive diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Borgohain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - L Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - N Bolshette
- Institute Level Biotech-hub, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - K Devasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T J Das
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - A Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - M Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India; Institute Level Biotech-hub, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Mangal P, Khare P, Jagtap S, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Bhutani KK. Screening of six Ayurvedic medicinal plants for anti-obesity potential: An investigation on bioactive constituents from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz bark. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 197:138-146. [PMID: 27469197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As an effort to identify newer anti-obesity lead(s) we have selected 13 plant materials from the six plant species which have been reported in Indian Ayurvedic medicine as remedy against complications affecting glucose and lipid homeostasis. AIM OF THE STUDY In vitro screening of six Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plants on anti-adipogenic and pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition potential followed by bioactivity guided isolation from most active plant material. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro anti-adipogenic assay using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition assay were performed for hexanes, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of all the plant materials. Bioactivity guided isolation approach was used to identify active constituent for anti-adipogenesis and PL inhibition assay. Inhibition of lipid accumulation and adipogenic transcription factor was measured by oil Red 'O' staining and quantitative real-time PCR method respectively. RESULTS Ethyl acetate extract of Oroxylum indicum bark was found to be most active in screening of anti-adipogenesis (59.12±1.66% lipid accumulation as compared to control at 50μg/mL dose) and PL inhibition (89.12±6.87% PL inhibition at 250μg/mL dose) assays. Further, three bioactive flavonoids were isolated and identified as oroxylin A, chrysin and baicalein from O. indicum bark. Oroxylin A, chrysin, and baicalein were inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (75.00±5.76%, 70.21±4.23% and 77.21±5.49% lipid accumulation respectively in comparison to control at 50μM dose) and PL enzyme (69.86±2.96%, 52.08±2.14% and 45.06±2.42% PL inhibition respectively at 250μg/mL dose). In addition, oroxylin A and chrysin also inhibited PPARγ and C/EBPα, major adipogenic transcription factors, in 3T3L-1 preadipocytes during adipogenesis process at 50μM dose. CONCLUSION The present study augurs the anti-obesity potential of well practiced Ayurvedic herb O. indicum and its flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mangal
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160071, India
| | - Sneha Jagtap
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160071, India
| | | | - Kamlesh Kumar Bhutani
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Kandel P, Gurung J, Chettri N, Ning W, Sharma E. Biodiversity research trends and gap analysis from a transboundary landscape, Eastern Himalayas. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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32
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Agarwal K, Varma R. Ethnobotanical study of antilithic plants of Bhopal district. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:17-24. [PMID: 26253579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Since urolithiasis is the third most common disease, found throughout the world, with a prevalence of 1-5% in Asia and two stone belts have been identified in India, one of which includes the study area, so an ethnobotanical study was conducted in and around the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India to investigate the range of plant species used in the treatment of urolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survey was undertaken in 75 villages of four directions of the Bhopal district and in the 3 herbal fairs that were organized in this area during the study period. Interviews were conducted with 304 people in whom 270 people were of villages in the four directions while 18 were traditional medicine dealers or Ayurveda consultants and 16 were knowable people. RESULTS Total 67 plant species belonging to 40 families were encountered during the study. The most predominant families in terms of number of species were Asteraceae and Papilionaceae with 5 species each. In the four directions, the people of eastern direction were found to have maximum knowledge of antilithic plants, but the Ayurveda consultants and knowable people were found to have much more knowledge than all the general people of the villages. Nine plant species, namely, Citrullus lanatus Thunb.(Cucurbitaceae), Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae), Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth (Liliaceae), Bauhinia variegata L. (Caesalpiniaceae), Dolichos uniflorus L.(Papilionaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. (Plantaginaceae) and Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) was not found to be previously mentioned for the treatment of lithiasis. Boerhaavia diffusa L. was found to have the highest use value. On the basis of habit of these plants, herbs constituted 41.79% of the total plant species used. CONCLUSIONS From this study, it can be concluded that complete ethnobotanical knowledge can be gained only when thorough literature survey along with field survey with respect to common man, traditional medicine dealers or Ayurveda consultants and knowable people has been extensively undertaken. This study will help in making the people aware about the selected plants or other suggested plants for use in lithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Agarwal
- Department of Botany, Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls P.G. (Auto.) College, Bhopal 462016, India.
| | - Ranjana Varma
- Department of Botany, Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls P.G. (Auto.) College, Bhopal 462016, India
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Chanda S, Deb L, Tiwari RK, Singh K, Ahmad S. Gastroprotective mechanism of Paederia foetida Linn. (Rubiaceae)--a popular edible plant used by the tribal community of North-East India. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:304. [PMID: 26335308 PMCID: PMC4557762 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of the present study is to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of Paederia foetida L. leaf for gastric ulcer. Methods The methanol extract of P. foetida L. leaves at two different dose levels was investigated for gastroprotective potential by using Indomethacin-pylorus ligation, alcohol induced and water immersion stress induced model in rats. In vitro DPPH* radical scavenging activity and western blot analysis of stomach tissue from pylorus ligatures rats were also carried out. HPTLC analysis was done to understand the phyto-pharmacological relationship. Results Methanol extract at a dose level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight showed 72 and 78 % ulcer protection when compared to negative control whereas reference drug shown 82 % protection in Indomethacin-pylorus ligation model. Further, methanol extract also showed protective effect against 70 % v/v ethanol and stress induced gastric ulcer model. About 84 % protection as compared to cimetidine (85 %) was seen in western blot analysis of stomach tissue from pylorus ligatures rats. HPTLC analysis of methanol extract of P. foetida L. confirmed the presence of β-sitosterol. In DPPH* radical scavenging activity, the IC50 value was observed to be 43.52 μg/ml. Conclusions These observations established the traditional claim and thus Paederia foetida could be a potent gastroprotective agent for use in future. The gastroprotective activity might be mediated by the Nrf2 mediated antioxidant and anti secretory effects.
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Mittal AK, Tripathy D, Choudhary A, Aili PK, Chatterjee A, Singh IP, Banerjee UC. Bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Hook. and its therapeutic evaluation as anticancer and antimicrobial agent. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 53:120-7. [PMID: 26042698 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts from the medicinal plant, Potentilla fulgens and evaluation of its anticancer and antimicrobial properties. The various parts of P. fulgens were screened and the root extract was found to have the highest potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The root extracts were able to quickly reduce Ag(+) to Ag(0) and stabilized the nanoparticles. The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and further characterized using Zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electron microscopic study showed that the size of the nanoparticle was in the range of 10 to 15 nm and spherical in shape. The studies of phytochemical analysis of nanoparticles indicated that the adsorbed components on the surface of nanoparticles were mainly flavonoid in nature. Furthermore, nanoparticles were evaluated as cytotoxic against various cancer cell lines and 0.2 to 12 μg/mL nanoparticles showed good toxicity. The IC50 value of nanoparticles was found to be 4.91 and 8.23 μg/mL against MCF-7 and U-87 cell lines, respectively. Additionally, the apoptotic effect of synthesized nanoparticles on normal and cancer cells was studied using trypan blue assay and flow-cytometric analysis. The results indicate the synthesized nanoparticle ability to kill cancer cells compared to normal cells. The nanoparticles also exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Debabrata Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793002 Meghalaya, India
| | - Alka Choudhary
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Aili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793002 Meghalaya, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Uttam Chand Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India.
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Albert S, Nongrum M, Webb EL, Porter JDH, Kharkongor GC. Medical pluralism among indigenous peoples in northeast India - implications for health policy. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20:952-60. [PMID: 25753562 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The government of India is promoting and increasing investment in the traditional medicine systems of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) in the northeast region of India. But there are few empirical data that support this policy decision. This study estimates the awareness and use of the different medical systems in rural Meghalaya, a state in north-east India with a predominantly ethnic tribal population. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional multistage random sample household survey across all districts of Meghalaya. To enable appropriate estimates for the whole of rural Meghalaya, the data were weighted to allow for the probability of selection of households at each stage of the sampling process. RESULTS Both local tribal medicine and biomedicine were widely accepted and used, but the majority (68.7%, 95% CI: 51.9-81.7) had not heard of AYUSH and even fewer had used it. Tribal medicine was used (79.1%, 95% CI 66.3-88.0), thought to be effective (87.5%, 95% CI: 74.2-94.1) and given in a variety of disorders, including both minor and major diseases. In the 3 months prior to the survey, 46.2% (95% CI: 30.5-62.8) had used tribal medicine. Only 10.5% (95% CI: 6.1-17.6) reported ever using any of the AYUSH systems. CONCLUSION Our comparative estimates of the awareness and use of tribal medicine, different systems of AYUSH and of biomedicine among indigenous populations of India question the basis on which AYUSH is promoted in the northeast region of India and in the state of Meghalaya in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Albert
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Shillong, India.,Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Emily L Webb
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Dinda B, SilSarma I, Dinda M, Rudrapaul P. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: from traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 161:255-78. [PMID: 25543018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oroxylum indicum\ (L.) Kurz has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine in Asia in ethnomedicinal systems for the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as jaundice, arthritic and rheumatic problems, gastric ulcers, tumors, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and diarrhea and dysentery, among others. The present review provides scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potency of the plant for ethnomedicinal uses and identifies gaps for future research to facilitate commercial exploitation. METHODS This review is based on available information on traditional uses and phytochemical, pharmacological, clinical and toxicity data for Oroxylum indicum that was collected from electronic (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, and ACS, among others) and library searches. KEY FINDING A variety of traditional medicinal uses of Oroxylum indicum in different Southeast and South Asian countries have been reported in books describing the uses of these plants. Phytochemical investigations of the different parts of the plant resulted in identification of approximately 111 compounds, among which flavonoids, naphthalenoids and cyclohexylethanoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and their isolates exhibit a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities involving antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anticancer, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids are the major constituents of all parts of the plant. From a toxicity perspective, only aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark, root bark and fruits have been assessed and found to be safe. The major flavonoids of the stem bark, such as baicalein, chrysin and oroxylin A, were reported for the first time as natural flavonoids with potent inhibitory activity against endoprotease enzymes and proprotein convertases, which play a key role in the growth of cancer and in viral and bacterial infections. Flavonoids are the active components of bioactive extracts. Several Ayurvedic medicines have been formulated either singly using this plant or along with other herbs for the treatment of different diseases. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological results have supported some traditional medicinal uses of Oroxylum indicum. Several extracts and their isolates have been reported to exhibit interesting pharmacological properties. These components could be useful as sources of modern medicines following future detailed studies to elucidate their underlying mechanisms, toxicity, synergistic effects and clinical trials. Attention should also be focused on pharmacological studies investigating the traditional uses of the plant, which have not been yet addressed, as well as clinical studies investigating commercial Ayurvedic medicines and other ethnomedicinal preparations in human subjects based on this plant to confirm the safety and quality of the preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India.
| | - I SilSarma
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India
| | - M Dinda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - P Rudrapaul
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India
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Chinchansure AA, Korwar AM, Kulkarni MJ, Joshi SP. Recent development of plant products with anti-glycation activity: a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes the plant natural products that inhibit glycation at different stages leading to the AGEs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvind M. Korwar
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| | - Mahesh J. Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| | - Swati P. Joshi
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
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Tong WY, Wang H, Waisundara VY, Huang D. Inhibiting enzymatic starch digestion by hydrolyzable tannins isolated from Eugenia jambolana. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Semwal DK, Semwal RB, Vermaak I, Viljoen A. From arrow poison to herbal medicine--the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological significance of Cissampelos (Menispermaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1011-1028. [PMID: 24997389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cissampelos species have a rich history of traditional use, being used for both therapeutic and toxic properties. It is traditionally applied therapeutically in a diverse range of conditions and diseases including asthma, cough, fever, arthritis, obesity, dysentery, snakebite, jaundice and heart, blood pressure and skin-related problems. Conversely, it was traditionally included in preparations of curare applied as arrow poison during hunting to cause death of animals by asphyxiation. This review unites the ethnobotanical knowledge on Cissampelos with the phytochemistry and pharmacological activity which has been explored thus far. In addition, it identifies knowledge gaps and suggests further research opportunities. METHODS The available electronic literature on the genus Cissampelos was collected using database searches including Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, etc. The searches were limited to peer-reviewed English journals with the exception of books and a few articles in foreign languages which were included. RESULTS The literature revealed that pharmacological activity including analgesic and antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, bronchodilator, immunomodulatory, memory-enhancing, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiparasitic, anti-ulcer, anticancer, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular, muscle-relaxant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, antifertility, and antivenom activity have been confirmed in vitro and/or in vivo for various Cissampelos species. Cissampelos pareira L. and Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. are the most explored species of this genus and the smallest number of studies have been conducted on Cissampelos laxiflora Moldenke and Cissampelos tenuipes Engl. Many alkaloids isolated from Cissampelos such as warifteine, methylwarifteine, berberine, hayatin and hayatidin showed promising anti-allergic, immunosuppressive, antidepressant, anticancer, vasodilatory and muscle-relaxant activities. CONCLUSION The plants of this genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. These plants are a rich source of bioactive bisbenzylisoquinoline and aporphine alkaloids together with other minor constituents. Although these plants are reputable and revered in various traditional medicine systems, many have not yet been screened chemically or pharmacologically and so there is a vast amount of research still to be conducted to validate their traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ilze Vermaak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Semwal DK, Semwal RB. Efficacy and safety of Stephania glabra: an alkaloid-rich traditional medicinal plant. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:396-410. [PMID: 25186139 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.955487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers (Menispermaceae) has long been used for the treatment of asthma, tuberculosis, dysentery, hyperglycaemia, cancer, fever, intestinal complaints, sleep disturbances and inflammation in many Asian countries. It mainly contains alkaloids and, until now, over 30 alkaloids such as bisbenzylisoquinolines, hasubanalactams, berberines and aporphines have been isolated from its tuber. Most of its traditional medicinal activities are scientifically approved by various in vitro and in vivo studies. It shows remarkable anti-psychotic, anti-diabetic, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial and anti-hypertensive activities. This work includes comprehensive information on the ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of S. glabra. This review also focuses on the future perspectives with main emphasis on the establishment of therapeutic index and safety index of the plant. This review concludes that S. glabra has a great potential to treat various diseases, and could be used as a source for novel healthcare products in the near future, which needs further studies.
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Singh J, Kakkar P. Modulation of liver function, antioxidant responses, insulin resistance and glucose transport by Oroxylum indicum stem bark in STZ induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:722-31. [PMID: 24140466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A decoction of stem bark of Oroxylum indicum Vent. (OI) is taken (2-3 times/day) by the tribal people of Sikkim, India to treat diabetes but scientific validation of its overall potential is lacking. Present study was aimed to assess in vitro antihyperglycemic activity of standardized OI extract using inhibition of α-glucosidase, BSA glycation and enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Antidiabetic and antioxidant modulatory effects of OI extract along with the blood biomarkers of toxic response were studied in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. In vitro analysis showed strong antioxidant capacity of OI -and potential to inhibit BSA glycation and α-glucosidase activity which was comparable to standard counterparts. Extract also improved insulin sensitivity in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In vivo effects of OI extract (oral 250 mg/kg b.wt.) on STZ induced type II diabetic rats normalized the antioxidant status (p≤0.01). Analysis of blood biomarkers of toxic response indicated its safety. Lowering of total cholesterol and HDL levels (p≤0.05) and restoration of glycated Hb (p≤0.01) were also found in OI treated diabetic rats. HOMA-IR, QUICKI analysis along with area under the curve analysis showed the capacity of OI extract to enhance the insulin sensitivity significantly (p≤0.01) which was confirmed by increased GLUT-4 translocation in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Singh
- Herbal Research Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
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Kumar D, Ghosh R, Pal BC. α-Glucosidase inhibitory terpenoids from Potentilla fulgens and their quantitative estimation by validated HPLC method. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Mandal SC, Gopal V, Mandal V. Biochemical Investigation of Standardized Wattakaka volubilis Leaf Petroleum Ether Cold Macerated Extract Against Experimentally Induced Diabetes in the Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.391.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ayyanar M, Subash-Babu P, Ignacimuthu S. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels., a novel therapeutic agent for diabetes: folk medicinal and pharmacological evidences. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:232-43. [PMID: 23642956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the past few decades numerous folk medicinal and scientific investigations on the antidiabetic effects of jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) have been reported. However no comprehensive evidence-based review is available. Hence this review was aimed to summarize the antidiabetic effects of different parts and active principles of jambolan. METHODS The review is based on the available electronic literature indexed in the PubMed. The search terms were: Syzygium cumini, Eugenia jambolana, jambolan, jamun, and java plum with and without antidiabetic effect. RESULTS Based on experimental studies and folk medicinal evidences, we summarized an up to date and comprehensive report on the antidiabetic activity of jambolan. The mode of action of some of the parts and active principles is also included. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that, different parts of this plant especially fruits, seeds and stem bark were reported for promising activity against diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Till date no review is available for the evidence based preclinical/clinical study of jambolan with its antidiabetic effect. There is an immediate attention need for detailed analysis to identify its active principles. It could be used to produce safer drugs to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniappan Ayyanar
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai 600 030, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kadir MF, Bin Sayeed MS, Shams T, Mia MMK. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshi traditional health practitioners in the management of diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:605-11. [PMID: 23063956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There is very limited information regarding plants used by traditional healers for treating diabetes in Bangladesh, let alone compilation on the use of those. This study aimed at collecting and documenting information on antidiabetic plants traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey was carried out in a period of almost 2 years. Fieldwork was undertaken in total of 15 districts of Bangladesh. Open-ended and semi structured questionnaire were used to interview a total of 1060 people including traditional healers, Ayurvedic/Unani drug manufacturers and local people. RESULTS A total of 83 plant species of 38 families were listed. Leaves were the most cited plant part used against diabetes. Most of the reported species were tree in nature and decoction is the mode of preparation of major portions of the plant species. Most of the plant species were very common and were cultivated or planted in homestead or roadsides. CONCLUSION Conventional use of many antidiabetic plants of Bangladesh can be rationalized by the presence of active compounds found in those plants. The documentation could be important for the conservation of these plants and represent the preliminary information required for future phytochemical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fahim Kadir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Potdar D, Hirwani R, Dhulap S. Phyto-chemical and pharmacological applications of Berberis aristata. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:817-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tag H, Kalita P, Dwivedi P, Das AK, Namsa ND. Herbal medicines used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Arunachal Himalaya, northeast, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:786-795. [PMID: 22433536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have played an important role in treating and preventing a variety of diseases throughout the world. Khampti tribal people living in the far-flung Lohit district of the Eastern Arunachal Himalaya, India still depend on medicinal plants and most of them have a general knowledge of medicinal plants which are used for treating a variety of ailments. This survey was undertaken in Lohit district in order to inventory the medicinal plants used in folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field investigations were conducted in seventeen remote villages of Lohit district starting from April 2002 to May 2004 through interviews among 251 key informants who were selected randomly during our household survey. To elucidate community domains and determine differences in indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants with anti-diabetic efficacy, we repeated our field survey starting from April 2008 to May 2010 with one hundred traditional healers locally called as "Chau ya" in Khampti of Lohit district. "Chau ya" traditional healers who know and use medicinal plants for treating diabetes mellitus were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS This study reports an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh reputed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Forty-six plant species were identified in the study area to treat diabetes mellitus by the Khamptis "Chau ya" traditional healers. Comparative published literature survey analysis of this study with other ethnobotanical surveys of plants used traditionally in treating diabetes mellitus suggests that eleven plant species make claims of new reports on antidiabetic efficacy. These plant species are Begonia roxburghii, Calamus tenuis, Callicarpa arborea, Cuscuta reflexa, Dillenia indica, Diplazium esculentum, Lectuca gracilis, Millingtonia hortensis, Oxalis griffithii, Saccharum spontaneum, and Solanum viarum. Some of the plants reported in this study have an antidiabetic effect on rodent models but none have sufficient clinical evidence of effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS The wide variety of medicinal plants that are used to treat diabetes mellitus in this area supports the importance of plants in the primary healthcare system of the rural people of Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh. The finding of new plant uses in the current study reveals the importance of the documentation of such ethnobotanical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tag
- Plant Systematic and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Itanagar 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India
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Ayyanar M, Subash-Babu P. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: a review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2:240-6. [PMID: 23569906 PMCID: PMC3609276 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) (L.) Skeels (jambolan) is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. The present review has been primed to describe the existing data on the information on botany, phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological actions of S. cumini (L.) Skeels (jambolan). Electronic database search was conducted with the search terms of Eugenia jambolana, S. cumini, jambolan, common plum and java plum. The plant has been viewed as an antidiabetic plant since it became commercially available several decades ago. During last four decades, numerous folk medicine and scientific reports on the antidiabetic effects of this plant have been cited in the literature. The plant is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin. The seeds are claimed to contain alkaloid, jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin, which halts the diastatic conversion of starch into sugar. The vast number of literatures found in the database revealed that the extracts of different parts of jambolan showed significant pharmacological actions. We suggest that there is a need for further investigation to isolate active principles which confer the pharmacological action. Hence identification of such active compounds is useful for producing safer drugs in the treatment of various ailments including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai-600 030, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, KSA
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Tarak D, Namsa ND, Tangjang S, Arya SC, Rajbonshi B, Samal PK, Mandal M. An inventory of the ethnobotanicals used as anti-diabetic by a rural community of Dhemaji district of Assam, Northeast India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:345-350. [PMID: 21871548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional remedies used for treating diabetic ailments are very important in the primary health care of the people living in rural Dhemaji district of Assam, north-east India. Novel information gathered from the current survey is important in preserving folk indigenous knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interviews were conducted amongst 80 households comprising of 240 individuals using semi-structured questionnaires. The focus was on plants used in treating diabetes mellitus. RESULTS The current survey documented 21 plant species (20 families) which are reportedly used to treat diabetes mellitus by the rural people in the study area. To the best of our knowledge, Amomum linguiforme, Cinnamomum impressinervium, Colocasia esculenta, Dillenia indica, Euphorbia ligularia, Garcinia pedunculata, Solanum indicum, Sterculia villosa and Tabernaemontana divaricata are recorded for the first time based on globally published literature as medicinal plants used for treating diabetes mellitus and related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The wide variety of plants that are used to treat diabetes mellitus in this area supports the traditional value that medicinal plants have in the primary health care system of the rural people of Dhemaji district of Assam. The finding of new plant uses in the current study reveals the importance of the documentation of such ethnobotanical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doi Tarak
- G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Vivek Vihar 791113, Arunachal Pradesh, India
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