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Hoji A, Kumar R, Gern JE, Bendixsen CG, Seroogy CM, Cook-Mills JM. Cord blood sphingolipids are associated with atopic dermatitis and wheeze in the first year of life. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2022; 1:162-171. [PMID: 36117517 PMCID: PMC9479978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergen-sensitized pregnant mice have increased plasma levels of the lipids β-glucosylceramides (βGlcCers) that are transplacentally transferred to the fetus, increased subsets of proinflammatory dendritic cells in the fetal liver and pup lung, and increased allergen-induced offspring lung inflammation. Objective Our aim was to determine whether these preclinical observations extend to a human association of βGlcCers with wheeze and allergic disease in the prospective Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort. Methods We measured 74 lipids in cord blood plasma by using mass spectrometry detection of sphingolipids, eicosanoids, and docosinoids, as well as an ELISA for 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Lipid profiles were determined by unbiased Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection dimensional reduction machine learning. Lipid profiles and a proinflammatory lipid index were analyzed for association with maternal allergy and childhood outcomes of wheeze, atopic dermatitis, cord blood leukocytes, and total IgE level at age 1 year. Results Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection analysis of lipids defined 8 cluster-specific plasma lipid profiles. Cluster 6 had significantly lower levels of plasma βGlcCers and a higher frequency of cord blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells that mediate anti-inflammatory responses, which is consistent with an anti-inflammatory profile. For clusters and for each infant, a proinflammatory lipid index was calculated to reflect the sum of the proinflammatory lipids minus the anti-inflammatory lipids that were significantly different than in cluster 6. The cluster proinflammatory lipid index was associated with cord blood basophil frequency and with wheeze and atopic dermatitis in the first year of life. The infant inflammatory lipid index was associated with increased risk of wheeze in the first year of life. Conclusion The cord blood proinflammatory lipid index is associated with early-life atopic dermatitis and wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Hoji
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chicago, Ill
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Casper G. Bendixsen
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Christine M. Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Joan M. Cook-Mills
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
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Huang SSY, Rinchai D, Toufiq M, Kabeer BSA, Roelands J, Hendrickx W, Boughorbel S, Bedognetti D, Van Panhuys N, Chaussabel D, Garand M. Transcriptomic profile investigations highlight a putative role for NUDT16 in sepsis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1714-1721. [PMID: 35174610 PMCID: PMC8899167 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an aberrant systemic inflammatory response mediated by the acute activation of the innate immune system. Neutrophils are important contributors to the innate immune response that controls the infection, but harbour the risk of collateral tissue damage such as thrombosis and organ dysfunction. A better understanding of the modulations of cellular processes in neutrophils and other blood cells during sepsis is needed and can be initiated via transcriptomic profile investigations. To that point, the growing repertoire of publicly accessible transcriptomic datasets serves as a valuable resource for discovering and/or assessing the robustness of biomarkers. We employed systematic literature mining, reductionist approach to gene expression profile and empirical in vitro work to highlight the role of a Nudix hydrolase family member, NUDT16, in sepsis. The relevance and implication of the expression of NUDT16 under septic conditions and the putative functional roles of this enzyme are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Shih Yin Huang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Garand
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Huang SSY, Toufiq M, Saraiva LR, Van Panhuys N, Chaussabel D, Garand M. Transcriptome and Literature Mining Highlight the Differential Expression of ERLIN1 in Immune Cells during Sepsis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:755. [PMID: 34439987 PMCID: PMC8389572 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis results from the dysregulation of the host immune system. This highly variable disease affects 19 million people globally, and accounts for 5 million deaths annually. In transcriptomic datasets curated from public repositories, we observed a consistent upregulation (3.26-5.29 fold) of ERLIN1-a gene coding for an ER membrane prohibitin and a regulator of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-under septic conditions in healthy neutrophils, monocytes, and whole blood. In vitro expression of the ERLIN1 gene and proteins was measured by stimulating the whole blood of healthy volunteers to a combination of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. Septic stimulation induced a significant increase in ERLIN1 expression; however, ERLIN1 was differentially expressed among the immune blood cell subsets. ERLIN1 was uniquely increased in whole blood neutrophils, and confirmed in the differentiated HL60 cell line. The scarcity of ERLIN1 in sepsis literature indicates a knowledge gap between the functions of ERLIN1, calcium homeostasis, and cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, and sepsis. In combination with experimental data, we bring forth the hypothesis that ERLIN1 is variably modulated among immune cells in response to cellular perturbations, and has implications for ER functions and/or ER membrane protein components during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie S. Y. Huang
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (M.T.); (L.R.S.); (N.V.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Mohammed Toufiq
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (M.T.); (L.R.S.); (N.V.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Luis R. Saraiva
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (M.T.); (L.R.S.); (N.V.P.); (D.C.)
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Nicholas Van Panhuys
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (M.T.); (L.R.S.); (N.V.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (M.T.); (L.R.S.); (N.V.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Mathieu Garand
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (M.T.); (L.R.S.); (N.V.P.); (D.C.)
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Weichselbaum L, Azouz A, Smolen KK, Das J, Splittgerber M, Lepida A, Moreno C, Schreiber J, Sersté T, Trepo E, Libert F, Gustot T, Goriely S. Epigenetic basis for monocyte dysfunction in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:303-314. [PMID: 32145259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe forms of alcohol-related liver disease are associated with increased susceptibility to infections which are associated with poor prognosis. The cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for this altered host defense are incompletely understood. METHODS We performed whole blood phenotypic analysis and ex vivo stimulation with various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). We included 34 patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (18 of whom had biopsy-proven severe alcoholic hepatitis [sAH]), 12 healthy controls and 11 patients with chronic alcohol consumption without significant liver disease. We also evaluated the transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) profiles of CD14+ monocytes from a subset of patients. RESULTS Circulating monocytes and conventional dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with sAH displayed complex alterations characterized by increased expression of both activating and inhibitory surface markers and an impaired pro-inflammatory response upon stimulation with PAMPs representative of gram-negative bacteria (lipopolysaccharide, Pam3CSK4) or fungal pathogens (Zymosan). Their decreased ability to produce more than 1 cytokine (polyfunctionality) upon PAMP stimulation correlated with the risk of developing infection at 28 days or mortality at 90 days. The presence of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with sAH did not significantly modify the immune profile of monocytes and DCs. Moreover, CD14+ monocytes of patients with sAH displayed altered transcriptional and epigenomic profiles characterized by downregulation of key innate immune and metabolic pathways and upregulation of important immunomodulatory factors. CONCLUSIONS In patients with sAH, the altered transcriptional program and functional properties of monocytes that contribute to patients' susceptibility to infection have strong epigenetic determinants. LAY SUMMARY Patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis are at increased risk of infections, which contribute to the poor prognosis associated with the disease. Herein, we show that epigenetic determinants underly the immune cell dysfunction and inappropriate responses to pathogens that are associated with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weichselbaum
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Gosselies, Belgium; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT; Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Marion Splittgerber
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Antonia Lepida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, C.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, C.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas Schreiber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, C.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Sersté
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, C.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, C.U.B. Saint Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Trepo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, C.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederick Libert
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, BRIGHTcore ULB-VUB and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gustot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, C.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Brussels, Belgium; Inserm Unité 1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Paris, France.
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Gosselies, Belgium.
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Ao D, Xia P, Jiang S, Chen N, Meurens F, Zhu J. Comparative transcriptome analysis of TLR8 signaling cells revealed the porcine TLR8 specific differentially expressed genes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:129-136. [PMID: 31077691 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
TLRs are the first discovered family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). They recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate protective immune response. TLR8 as the main endolysosomal TLR, has recently regained attention especially for its structure and function. We previously found TLR8 exhibits species-specific activation by TLR7 specific agonist, Imiquimod (R837). Thus, we next initiated the identification of porcine TLR8 (pTLR8) specific downstream differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by parallel transcriptome analysis of porcine TLR8 and human TLR8 (hTLR8) signaling stable NF-κB reporter cells activated by TLR8 agonist Resiquimod (R848). It turned out that the two TLR8 NF-κB reporter cells can recapitulate the species-specific activity of pTLR8 and hTLR8, transcriptome analysis revealed a number of pTLR8 specific DEGs activated by R848, and some of these gene expressions were confirmed in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) but not occurred in human cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Ao
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, China; College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, China; College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, China; College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nanhua Chen
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, China; College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - François Meurens
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, China; College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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6
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Stinson LF, Payne MS, Keelan JA. Placental and intra-amniotic inflammation are associated with altered fetal immune responses at birth. Placenta 2019; 85:15-23. [PMID: 31421529 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-grade placental inflammation is associated with preterm birth and poor neonatal outcomes. Recent reports suggest that low-grade placental inflammation is common in uncomplicated pregnancies. The relationship between placental inflammation and innate immune anti-microbial responses is unknown. In this study we sought to identify any association between placental inflammation and fetal immune responses. METHODS Cord blood samples collected from late preterm and full-term Caesarean section deliveries (n = 44) were exposed to various immune challenges (resiquimod, LPS, PGN, poly (I:C), cGAMP, and 5'ppp-dsRNA) and production of inflammatory mediators (G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) was measured by multiplex assay. Hospital histology reports were used to assess the extent of inflammation in the placenta. RESULTS Almost half (47.7%) of placentae examined here showed histological evidence of inflammation. Resiquimod, LPS, and PGN elicited strong inflammatory responses in neonatal cord blood, while poly (I:C), cGAMP, and 5'ppp-dsRNA elicited weaker responses. Fetuses with evidence of chorioamnionitis and fetal inflammatory reaction in their placentae had significantly increased immune responses to cGAMP and 5'ppp-dsRNA (ligands for STING and RIG-I, respectively) and significantly decreased immune responses to poly (I:C) (a TLR3 agonist). Interestingly, STING, RIG-I, and TLR3 are all involved in viral response pathways, suggesting that fetuses exposed to chorioamnionitis or fetal inflammatory reaction might respond differently to viruses postnatally. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that low-level placental inflammation is associated with altered innate cytokine responses at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Seroogy CM, VanWormer JJ, Olson BF, Evans MD, Johnson T, Cole D, Barnes KL, Koepel TK, Dresen A, Meece J, Gangnon RE, Keifer MC, Bendixsen CG, Gern JE. Respiratory health, allergies, and the farm environment: design, methods and enrollment in the observational Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC): a research proposal. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:423. [PMID: 31311588 PMCID: PMC6636141 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and cross-sectional studies suggest that early life farming and animal exposures are associated with major health benefits, influencing immune development and modifying the subsequent risk of allergic diseases, including asthma. The Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC) study was established in central Wisconsin to test the hypothesis that early life animal farm exposures are associated with distinct innate immune cell maturation trajectories, decreased allergen sensitization and reduced respiratory viral illness burden during the first 2 years of life. Beginning in 2013, a total of 240 families have been enrolled, 16,522 biospecimens have been collected, and 4098 questionnaires have been administered and entered into a secure database. Study endpoints include nasal respiratory virus identification and respiratory illness burden score, allergic sensitization, expression of allergic disease, and anti-viral immune response maturation and profiles. The WISC study prospective design, broad biospecimen collections, and unique US rural community will provide insights into the role of environmental exposures on early life immune maturation profiles associated with protection from allergic sensitization and significant respiratory viral disease burden. The WISC study findings will ultimately inform development of new strategies to promote resistance to severe respiratory viral illnesses and design primary prevention approaches for allergic diseases for all infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Seroogy
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4139 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705-2275 USA
| | - Jeffrey J. VanWormer
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, WI USA
| | - Brent F. Olson
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, WI USA
| | - Michael D. Evans
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Tara Johnson
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, WI USA
| | - Deanna Cole
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, WI USA
| | - Kathrine L. Barnes
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, WI USA
| | | | - Amy Dresen
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jennifer Meece
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, WI USA
| | - Ronald E. Gangnon
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Matthew C. Keifer
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI USA
- Present Address: Veterans Administration Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Casper G. Bendixsen
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, WI USA
| | - James E. Gern
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
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Baxter RM, Kong DS, Garcia-Perez JE, O'Gorman WE, Hsieh EWY. Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30010641 DOI: 10.3791/57780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Hence, the measurement of cytokine levels has been the focus of multiple studies in an attempt to understand the precise mechanisms that lead to the breakdown of self-tolerance and subsequent autoimmunity. Approaches thus far have been based on the study of one specific aspect of the immune system (a single or few cell types or cytokines), and do not offer a global assessment of complex autoimmune disease. While patient sera-based studies have afforded important insights into autoimmunity, they do not provide the specific cellular source of the dysregulated cytokines detected. A comprehensive single-cell approach to evaluate cytokine production in multiple immune cell subsets, within the context of "intrinsic" patient-specific plasma circulating factors, is described here. This approach enables monitoring of the patient-specific immune phenotype (surface markers) and function (cytokines), either in its native "intrinsic pathogenic" disease state, or in the presence of therapeutic agents (in vivo or ex vivo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Baxter
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Daniel S Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine;
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Surendran N, Simmons A, Pichichero ME. TLR agonist combinations that stimulate Th type I polarizing responses from human neonates. Innate Immun 2018; 24:240-251. [PMID: 29673285 PMCID: PMC6830928 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918771178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Each year millions of neonates die due to vaccine preventable infectious diseases. Our study seeks to develop novel neonatal vaccines and improve immunogenicity of early childhood vaccines by incorporating TLR agonist-adjuvant combinations that overcome the inherent neonatal Th2 bias and stimulate Th1 polarizing response from neonatal APCs. We systematically stimulated cord blood mononuclear cells with single and multiple combinations of TLR agonists and measured levels of IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β from cell culture supernatants. APC-specific surface expression levels of costimulatory markers CD40, CD83 and PD-L1 were assessed by flow cytometry. Whole blood assays were included to account for the effect of plasma inhibitory factors and APC intracellular TNF-α and IL-12p40 secretions were measured. We found robust Th1 polarizing IL-12p70, IFN-γ and IFN-α responses when cord blood APCs were stimulated with TLR agonist combinations that contained Poly I:C, Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA) or R848. Addition of class A CpG oligonucleotide (ODN) to Th1 polarizing TLR agonist combinations significantly reduced cord blood IL-12p70 and IFN-γ levels and addition of a TLR2 agonist induced significantly high Th2 polarizing IL-13. Multi-TLR agonist combinations that included R848 induced lower inhibitory PD-L1 expression on cord blood classical dendritic cells than CpG ODN-containing combinations. Incorporation of combination adjuvants containing TLR3, TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists to neonatal vaccines may be an effective strategy to overcome neonatal Th2 bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Surendran
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Simmons
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael E Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, USA
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Richardson AM, Moyer AM, Hasadsri L, Abraham RS. Diagnostic Tools for Inborn Errors of Human Immunity (Primary Immunodeficiencies and Immune Dysregulatory Diseases). Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:19. [PMID: 29470720 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of diagnostic testing in primary immunodeficiency and immune dysregulatory disorders (PIDDs), particularly focusing on flow cytometry and genetic techniques, utilizing specific examples of PIDDs. RECENT FINDINGS Flow cytometry remains a vital tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of immunological diseases. Its utility ranges from cellular analysis and specific protein quantitation to functional assays and signaling pathway analysis. Mass cytometry combines flow cytometry and mass spectrometry to dramatically increase the throughput of multivariate single-cell analysis. Next-generation sequencing in combination with other molecular techniques and processing algorithms has become more widely available and identified the diverse and heterogeneous genetic underpinnings of these disorders. As the spectrum of disease is further clarified by increasing immunological, genetic, and epigenetic knowledge, the careful application of these diagnostic tools and bioinformatics will assist not only in our understanding of these complex disorders, but also enable the implementation of personalized therapeutic approaches for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annely M Richardson
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann M Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Linda Hasadsri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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11
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Garand M, Goodier M, Owolabi O, Donkor S, Kampmann B, Sutherland JS. Functional and Phenotypic Changes of Natural Killer Cells in Whole Blood during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29520269 PMCID: PMC5827559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a global health concern, especially in resource-poor countries such as The Gambia. Defining protective immunity to TB is challenging: its pathogenesis is complex and involves several cellular components of the immune system. Recent works in vaccine development suggest important roles of the innate immunity in natural protection to TB, including natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells mediate cellular cytotoxicity and cytokine signaling in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). NK cells can display specific memory-type markers to previous antigen exposure; thus, bridging innate and adaptive immunity. However, major knowledge gaps exist on the contribution of NK cells in protection against Mtb infection or TB. We performed a cross-sectional assessment of NK cells phenotype and function in four distinct groups of individuals: TB cases pre-treatment (n = 20) and post-treatment (n = 19), and household contacts with positive (n = 9) or negative (n = 18) tuberculin skin test (TST). While NK cells frequencies were similar between all groups, significant decreases in interferon-γ expression and degranulation were observed in NK cells from TB cases pre-treatment compared to post-treatment. Conversely, CD57 expression, a marker of advanced NK cells differentiation, was significantly lower in cases post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. Finally, NKG2C, an activation and imprinted-NK memory marker, was significantly increased in TST+ (latently infected) compared to TB cases pre-treatment and TST- (uninfected) individuals. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the role of NK cells in Mtb infection and TB disease, demonstrating potential markers for distinguishing between infection states and monitoring of TB treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Garand
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Martin Goodier
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olumuyiwa Owolabi
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Simon Donkor
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Jayne S Sutherland
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
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12
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Chen KYH, Messina N, Germano S, Bonnici R, Freyne B, Cheung M, Goldsmith G, Kollmann TR, Levin M, Burgner D, Curtis N. Innate immune responses following Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191830. [PMID: 29447181 PMCID: PMC5813928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) remains unknown and there is accumulating evidence for the importance of the innate immune system in initiating and mediating the host inflammatory response. We compared innate immune responses in KD and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) participants more than two years after their acute illness with control participants to investigate differences in their immune phenotype. Toxic shock syndrome shares many clinical features with KD; by including both disease groups we endeavoured to explore changes in innate immune responses following acute inflammatory illnesses more broadly. We measured the in vitro production of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and IL-10 following whole blood stimulation with toll-like receptor and inflammasome ligands in 52 KD, 20 TSS, and 53 control participants in a case-control study. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and unstimulated cytokine concentrations. Compared to controls, KD participants have reduced IL-1ra production in response to stimulation with double stranded RNA (geometric mean ratio (GMR) 0.37, 95% CI 0.15, 0.89, p = 0.03) and increased IL-6 production in response to incubation with Lyovec™ (GMR 5.48, 95% CI 1.77, 16.98, p = 0.004). Compared to controls, TSS participants have increased IFN-γ production in response to peptidoglycan (GMR 4.07, 95% CI 1.82, 9.11, p = 0.001), increased IL-1β production to lipopolysaccharide (GMR 1.64, 95% CI 1.13, 2.38, p = 0.01) and peptidoglycan (GMR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11, 2.33, p = 0.01), and increased IL-6 production to peptidoglycan (GMR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10, 1.92, p = 0.01). Years following the acute illness, individuals with previous KD or TSS exhibit a pro-inflammatory innate immune phenotype suggesting a possible underlying immunological susceptibility or innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y. H. Chen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Nicole Messina
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Susie Germano
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Rhian Bonnici
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Bridget Freyne
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Michael Cheung
- Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Greta Goldsmith
- Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Levin
- Paediatric Infectious diseases group, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingodm
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Allen A, Deshmukh H. All on "CHIP": using microfluidics to study neutrophil ontogeny. Transl Res 2017; 190:1-3. [PMID: 29102515 PMCID: PMC5903550 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amil Allen
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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14
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Barlow-Anacker A, Bochkov Y, Gern J, Seroogy CM. Neonatal immune response to rhinovirus A16 has diminished dendritic cell function and increased B cell activation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180664. [PMID: 29045416 PMCID: PMC5646756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus infections during infancy account for the majority of respiratory illness health care utilization and are an associated risk factor for subsequent development of allergic asthma. Neonatal type I interferon production is diminished compared to adults after stimulation with TLR agonists. However, broad profiling of immune cell responses to infectious rhinovirus has not been undertaken and we hypothesized that additional immune differences can be identified in neonates. In this study, we undertook a comparative analysis of neonatal and adult blood immune cell responses after in vitro incubation with infectious RV-A16 for 6 and 24 hours. Methods Intracellular proinflammatory and type I interferon cytokines along with expression of surface co-stimulatory and maturation markers were measured using multi-parameter flow cytometry. Results Both circulating myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) frequency were lower in cord blood. Qualitative and quantitative plasmacytoid dendritic cell IFN-alpha + TNF- alpha responses to rhinovirus were significantly lower in cord pDCs. In cord blood samples, the majority of responsive pDCs were single-positive TNF-alpha producing cells, whereas in adult samples rhinovirus increased double-positive TNF-alpha+IFN-alpha+ pDCs. Rhinovirus upregulated activation and maturation markers on monocytes, mDCs, pDCs, and B cells, but CD40+CD86+ monocytes, mDCs, and pDCs cells were significantly higher in adult samples compared to cord samples. Surprisingly, rhinovirus increased CD40+CD86+ B cells to a significantly greater extent in cord samples compared to adults. Conclusions These findings define a number of cell-specific differences in neonatal responses to rhinovirus. This differential age-related immune response to RV may have implications for the immune correlates of protection to viral respiratory illness burden and determination of potential biomarkers for asthma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barlow-Anacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Yury Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - James Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Mitterreiter JG, Ouwendijk WJD, van Velzen M, van Nierop GP, Osterhaus ADME, Verjans GMGM. Satellite glial cells in human trigeminal ganglia have a broad expression of functional Toll-like receptors. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1181-1187. [PMID: 28508449 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) orchestrate immune responses to a wide variety of danger- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Compared to the central nervous system (CNS), expression profile and function of TLRs in the human peripheral nervous system (PNS) are ill-defined. We analyzed TLR expression of satellite glial cells (SGCs) and microglia, glial cells predominantly involved in local immune responses in ganglia of the human PNS and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of the CNS, respectively. Ex vivo flow cytometry analysis of cell suspensions obtained from human cadaveric trigeminal ganglia (TG) and NAWM showed that both SGCs and microglia expressed TLR1-5, TLR7, and TLR9, although expression levels varied between these cell types. Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of TLR1-TLR4 and TLR9 by SGCs in situ. Stimulation of TG- and NAWM-derived cell suspensions with ligands of TLR1-TLR6, but not TLR7 and TLR9, induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion. We identified CD45LOW CD14POS SGCs and microglia, but not CD45HIGH leukocytes and CD45NEG cells as the main source of IL-6 and TNF-α upon stimulation with TLR3 and TLR5 ligands. In conclusion, human TG-resident SGCs express a broad panel of functional TLRs, suggesting their role in initiating and orchestrating inflammation to pathogens in human sensory ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna G Mitterreiter
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique van Velzen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert P van Nierop
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Georges M G M Verjans
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Smolen KK, Cai B, Kollmann TR. OMIP-038: Innate immune assessment with a 14 color flow cytometry panel. Cytometry A 2017; 91:966-968. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga K. Smolen
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Institute for Medical Immunology; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8; Gosselies B-6041 Belgium
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 4H4 Canada
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17
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Wang ZS, Liu YL, Mi N, Duan DY. Intracellular DNA sensing pathway of cGAS-cGAMP is decreased in human newborns and young children. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:76-85. [PMID: 28412547 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Newborns are highly susceptible to DNA virus infections, which may result from the characteristics of neonatal innate immune systems. Here we analyzed for the first time the development of innate immune sensing and signaling of intracellular DNA virus infection in human newborns and young children. Both mRNA and protein expression of cGAS, an intracellular DNA sensor, were shown to be significantly reduced in neonatal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, cGAS expression in neonatal PBMCs could be induced upon herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or interferon-α (IFNα) stimulation. Furthermore, production of the second messenger cGAMP and activation of the transcriptional factor IRF3 was severely decreased in neonatal cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) or PBMCs compared with adults. In contrast, the downstream signaling STING-TBK1-IRF3 appeared to be functional in neonatal PBMCs, as demonstrated by the fact that IRF3 phosphorylation and IFNβ production in these cells could be activated by cGAMP. Intriguingly, decreased expression of cGAS in neonatal cells can be rescued by DNA demethylation, with concomitant enhancement in IFNβ induction by HSV-1. Thus, cGAS restoration or STING stimulation by small molecules during infancy might improve the age-dependent susceptibility to DNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Sheng Wang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City, No 292, South Kaixuan Rd., Shangqiu 476100, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Lu Liu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City, No 292, South Kaixuan Rd., Shangqiu 476100, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Mi
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City, No 292, South Kaixuan Rd., Shangqiu 476100, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Yun Duan
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City, No 292, South Kaixuan Rd., Shangqiu 476100, Henan, People's Republic of China
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18
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O'Gorman WE, Kong DS, Balboni IM, Rudra P, Bolen CR, Ghosh D, Davis MM, Nolan GP, Hsieh EWY. Mass cytometry identifies a distinct monocyte cytokine signature shared by clinically heterogeneous pediatric SLE patients. J Autoimmun 2017; 81:S0896-8411(16)30412-7. [PMID: 28389038 PMCID: PMC5628110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with heightened disease severity in children. The incomplete understanding of the precise cellular and molecular events that drive disease activity pose a significant hurdle to the development of targeted therapeutic agents. Here, we performed single-cell phenotypic and functional characterization of pediatric SLE patients and healthy controls blood via mass cytometry. We identified a distinct CD14hi monocyte cytokine signature, with increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (Mip1β), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). This signature was shared by every clinically heterogeneous patient, and reproduced in healthy donors' blood upon ex-vivo exposure to plasma from clinically active patients only. This SLE-plasma induced signature was abrogated by JAK1/JAK2 selective inhibition. This study demonstrates the utility of mass cytometry to evaluate immune dysregulation in pediatric autoimmunity, by identification of a multi-parametric immune signature that can be further dissected to delineate the events that drive disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E O'Gorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D S Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - I M Balboni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P Rudra
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - C R Bolen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - M M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E W Y Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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19
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Lack of broad functional differences in immunity in fully vaccinated vs. unvaccinated children. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:601-608. [PMID: 28024144 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns have been raised that with an increase in the number of vaccines administered early in life, immune development could be altered, leading to either increased or decreased immune reactivity. METHODS We investigated the impact of vaccination on immune status, contrasting the immune response to general, nonantigen-specific stimuli in a cohort of entirely unvaccinated vs. fully vaccinated children at 3-5 y of age. Innate immunity was assessed by quantifying bulk and cell-type-specific cytokine production in response to stimulation with pathogen associated microbial patterns. Adaptive immune status was characterized by assessing lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in response to generic T cell stimuli. RESULTS Our investigations failed to reveal a broadly evident alteration of either innate or adaptive immunity in vaccinated children. Equivalently robust innate and adaptive responses to pathogen associated microbial patterns and generic T cell stimulants were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION Although our sample size was small, our data suggest that standard childhood vaccinations do not lead to long-lasting gross alterations of the immune system.
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20
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Surendran N, Nicolosi T, Kaur R, Morris M, Pichichero M. Prospective study of the innate cellular immune response in low vaccine responder children. Innate Immun 2016; 23:89-96. [PMID: 27864558 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916678471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported our findings from a longitudinal, prospective study where we identified 10% infants who were low vaccine responders (LVR) at age 9-12 mo following routine primary series vaccine schedule. We found multiple cellular deficiencies in LVR children, including low number of memory B cells, reduced polyclonal stimulation of naïve/memory T cell response and suboptimal APC response. These children outgrew their poor vaccine response by the time they received booster doses of vaccine. Studies in human infant innate immunity are rare because of the unique challenges in specimen collection. As innate immunity instructs adaptive immunity, we hypothesized that the primary immune defect lies with innate immunity and in this study we sought to determine the ontogeny of innate immune response in LVR children between 6 and 36 mo of age. Interestingly, suboptimal APC response observed in LVR children at 6-9 mo of age characterized by significantly ( P < 0.05) low basal MHC II expression, low R848 induced IRF7 fold change, as well as low IFN-α, IL-12p70 and IL-1β levels, came to parity with normal vaccine responders by 12-15 mo of age, suggesting that the observed immune deficiency in LVR children may be the result of delayed maturation of immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Surendran
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ted Nicolosi
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Morris
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
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21
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Ramakrishnan KA, Pengelly RJ, Gao Y, Morgan M, Patel SV, Davies EG, Ennis S, Faust SN, Williams AP. Precision Molecular Diagnosis Defines Specific Therapy in Combined Immunodeficiency with Megaloblastic Anemia Secondary to MTHFD1 Deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:1160-1166.e10. [PMID: 27707659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) deficiency has recently been reported to cause a folate-responsive syndrome displaying a phenotype that includes megaloblastic anemia and severe combined immunodeficiency. OBJECTIVE To describe our investigative approach to the molecular diagnosis and evaluation of immune dysfunction in a family with MTHFD1 deficiency. METHODS The methods used were exome sequencing and analysis of variants in genes involved in the folate metabolic pathway in a family with 2 affected siblings. Routine laboratory and research data were analyzed to gain an in-depth understanding of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immune function before and after folinic acid supplementation. RESULTS Interrogation of exome data for concordant variants between the siblings in the genes involved in folate metabolic pathway identified a heterozygous mutation in exon 3 of the MTHFD1 gene that was shared with their mother. In view of highly suggestive phenotype, we extended our bioinformatics interrogation for structural variants in the MTHFD1 gene by manual evaluation of the exome data for sequence depth coverage of all the exons. A deletion involving exon 13 that was shared with their father was identified. Routine laboratory data showed lymphopenia involving all subsets and poor response to vaccines. In vitro analysis of dendritic cell and lymphocyte function was comparable to that in healthy volunteers. Treatment with folinic acid led to immune reconstitution, enabling discontinuation of all prophylactic therapies. CONCLUSIONS Exome sequencing demonstrated MTHFD1 deficiency as a novel cause of a combined immunodeficiency. Folinic acid was established as precision therapy to reverse the clinical and laboratory phenotype of this primary immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesava A Ramakrishnan
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Respiratory Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben J Pengelly
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yifang Gao
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, and Cancer Research UK (CRUK) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Morgan
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility and Department of Paediatric Medicine, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay V Patel
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility and Department of Paediatric Medicine, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - E Graham Davies
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Saul N Faust
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Respiratory Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility and Department of Paediatric Medicine, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony P Williams
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, and Cancer Research UK (CRUK) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
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22
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Surendran N, Nicolosi T, Kaur R, Pichichero ME. Peripheral blood antigen presenting cell responses in otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone infants. Innate Immun 2015; 22:63-71. [PMID: 26566651 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915616267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stringently defined otitis-prone (sOP) children represent a new classification of the otitis-prone condition. Previous studies showed dysfunction in Ab, B-cell memory and T-cell memory responses. We sought to determine whether there are defects in numbers, phenotype and/or function of professional APC in the peripheral blood of sOP infants. APC phenotypic counts, MHC II expression and intracellular cytokine levels were determined in response to TLR7/8 (R848) stimulation by flow cytometry. Innate immune mRNA expression was measured using RT-PCR and cytokines were measured using Luminex technology. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the phenotypic counts of monocytes and conventional dendritic cells but not plasmacytoid DCs were observed in sOP compared with non-otitis-prone (NOP) age-matched infants. No significant differences in APC activation or function were observed. Expression of various TLRs, intracellular signaling molecules and downstream cytokines was also not found to be significantly different between sOP and NOP infants. Higher numbers of APCs in sOP infants suggest the possibility of a persistent mucosal inflammatory status. Transcriptional and cytokine profiles of PBMCs among sOP infants suggest their systemic innate responses are not different compared to NOP infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Surendran
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ted Nicolosi
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael E Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health System, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
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23
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Verronèse E, Delgado A, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Garin G, Guillemaut S, Tredan O, Ray-Coquard I, Bachelot T, N'Kodia A, Bardin-Dit-Courageot C, Rigal C, Pérol D, Caux C, Ménétrier-Caux C. Immune cell dysfunctions in breast cancer patients detected through whole blood multi-parametric flow cytometry assay. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1100791. [PMID: 27141361 PMCID: PMC4839376 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring functional competence of immune cell populations in clinical routine represents a major challenge. We developed a whole-blood assay to monitor functional competence of peripheral innate immune cells including NK cells, dendritic and monocyte cell subsets through their ability to produce specific cytokines after short-term stimulation, detected through intra-cytoplasmic staining and multi-parametric flow-cytometry. A PMA/ionomycin T cell activation assay complemented this analysis. Comparing cohorts of healthy women and breast cancer (BC) patients at different stages, we identified significant functional alteration of circulating immune cells during BC progression prior to initiation of treatment. Of upmost importance, as early as the localized primary tumor (PT) stage, we observed functional alterations in several innate immune populations and T cells i.e. (i) reduced TNFα production by BDCA-1+ DC and non-classical monocytes in response to Type-I IFN, (ii) a strong drop in IFNγ production by NK cells in response to either Type-I IFN or TLR7/8 ligand, and (iii) a coordinated impairment of cytokine (IL-2, IFNγ, IL-21) production by T cell subpopulations. Overall, these alterations are further accentuated according to the stage of the disease in first-line metastatic patients. Finally, whereas we did not detect functional modification of DC subsets in response to TLR7/8 ligand, we highlighted increased IL-12p40 production by monocytes specifically at first relapse (FR). Our results reinforce the importance of monitoring both innate and adaptive immunity to better evaluate dysfunctions in cancer patients and suggest that our whole-blood assay will be useful to monitor response to treatment, particularly for immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Verronèse
- Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - A Delgado
- Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - J Valladeau-Guilemond
- Team 11, INSERM U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France
| | - G Garin
- DRCI department, Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - S Guillemaut
- DRCI department, Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - O Tredan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - I Ray-Coquard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - T Bachelot
- Team 11, INSERM U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - A N'Kodia
- Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - C Bardin-Dit-Courageot
- Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - C Rigal
- Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - D Pérol
- DRCI department, Léon Bérard Cancer Center , Lyon, France
| | - C Caux
- Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France; Team 11, INSERM U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France
| | - C Ménétrier-Caux
- Innovation in Immuno-monitoring and Immunotherapy Platform (PI3), Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France; Team 11, INSERM U1052/CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France
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24
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Marchant EA, Kan B, Sharma AA, van Zanten A, Kollmann TR, Brant R, Lavoie PM. Attenuated innate immune defenses in very premature neonates during the neonatal period. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:492-7. [PMID: 26186294 PMCID: PMC5059157 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial responses have been shown to be profoundly attenuated in very preterm neonates when examined on cord blood. However, we lack data on these responses at the time these neonates are most vulnerable to infections. METHODS Multiple cytokine responses to two prototypic Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4) and R848 (TLR7/8) were prospectively measured in preterm neonates born ≤30 wk of gestation (n = 50) during the first 28 d of age using whole blood and single-cell multiparameter flow cytometry assays. Results were compared to term neonates (n = 30) and adult controls (n = 25). RESULTS In preterm neonates, LPS and R848 responses remained attenuated in both cord blood and in the first 28 d of age. These responses showed significant maturation over time after adjusting for gestational age and were confirmed in monocytes and dendritic cells on a per-cell basis. We detected no major contribution of chorioamnionitis, maternal antenatal corticosteroids or magnesium sulfate treatment, labor, or mode of delivery to the maturation of cytokine responses. CONCLUSION Innate immune antimicrobial defenses are profoundly attenuated developmentally in very preterm neonates during the neonatal period, suggesting that exogenous factors drive the sustained systemic inflammation that has been linked to increased morbidities in these infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Marchant
- Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bernard Kan
- Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ashish A. Sharma
- Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alice van Zanten
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Children’s & Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Children’s & Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rollin Brant
- Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Children’s & Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,Corresponding Author: Dr. Pascal Lavoie, Room A4-147, 4th Floor, Translational Research Building, Child & Family Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4; Tel: (604) 875-2135; fax: (604) 875-3106;
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25
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Yin Y, Mitson-Salazar A, Prussin C. Detection of Intracellular Cytokines by Flow Cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 110:6.24.1-6.24.18. [PMID: 26237012 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im0624s110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular cytokine staining (ICCS), employing fluorescently labeled MAbs detected by flow cytometry, has emerged as the premier technique for studying cytokine expression at the single-cell level. Advances in polychromatic flow cytometry have dramatically enhanced the sophistication of ICCS investigations. ICCS can simultaneously measure multiple cytokines within a single cell, allowing the detection of complex cytokine phenotypes. Additionally, cytokines can be measured with a variety of other analytes, including transcription factors, proliferation dilution dyes, activation markers, and viability dyes. This capability, combined with the high throughput inherent in the instrumentation, gives ICCS an enormous advantage over other single-cell techniques such as ELISPOT, limiting dilution, and T cell cloning. The unit describes intracellular staining of cells that have already been stimulated in vitro and fixed. Methods for in vitro activation by PMA and ionomycin or antigens, fixation of cell suspensions, and cell surface staining are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Yin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alyssa Mitson-Salazar
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Calman Prussin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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26
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O'Gorman WE, Hsieh EWY, Savig ES, Gherardini PF, Hernandez JD, Hansmann L, Balboni IM, Utz PJ, Bendall SC, Fantl WJ, Lewis DB, Nolan GP, Davis MM. Single-cell systems-level analysis of human Toll-like receptor activation defines a chemokine signature in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1326-36. [PMID: 26037552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induces inflammatory responses involved in immunity to pathogens and autoimmune pathogenesis, such as in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although TLRs are differentially expressed across the immune system, a comprehensive analysis of how multiple immune cell subsets respond in a system-wide manner has not been described. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize TLR activation across multiple immune cell subsets and subjects, with the goal of establishing a reference framework against which to compare pathologic processes. METHODS Peripheral whole-blood samples were stimulated with TLR ligands and analyzed by means of mass cytometry simultaneously for surface marker expression, activation states of intracellular signaling proteins, and cytokine production. We developed a novel data visualization tool to provide an integrated view of TLR signaling networks with single-cell resolution. We studied 17 healthy volunteer donors and 8 patients with newly diagnosed and untreated SLE. RESULTS Our data revealed the diversity of TLR-induced responses within cell types, with TLR ligand specificity. Subsets of natural killer cells and T cells selectively induced nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells in response to TLR2 ligands. CD14(hi) monocytes exhibited the most polyfunctional cytokine expression patterns, with more than 80 distinct cytokine combinations. Monocytic TLR-induced cytokine patterns were shared among a group of healthy donors, with minimal intraindividual and interindividual variability. Furthermore, autoimmune disease altered baseline cytokine production; newly diagnosed untreated SLE patients shared a distinct monocytic chemokine signature, despite clinical heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Mass cytometry defined a systems-level reference framework for human TLR activation, which can be applied to study perturbations in patients with inflammatory diseases, such as SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E O'Gorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Erica S Savig
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | | | - Joseph D Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Imelda M Balboni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - David B Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Early in life, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from infectious disease compared with HIV-unexposed (UE) infants. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their increased risk, we contrasted innate immune development between HEU and UE infants in a developing world setting, where early life infectious disease risk is exceptionally high. METHODS A prospective longitudinal cohort of HEU and UE newborns was established, and the most detailed characterization to date of HEU infant immune development was performed. Single-cell cytokine production was analyzed by flow cytometry after stimulation of whole blood with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). RESULTS Monocyte, classical dendritic cell, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell composition was similar between HEU and UE infants throughout the first year of life. However, HEU mononuclear cells mounted an enhanced pro-inflammatory response to PAMP stimulation, both in quantity of cytokine produced per cell and in proportion of responder cells. Significant differences in cytokine production were detected on the single-cell level in a PAMP-specific pattern, but only at 2 and 6 weeks of age; all differences normalized by 12 months of age. CONCLUSIONS This time course of innate immune deviation early in life corresponds to the clinical window of vulnerability to infections in HEU infants and may be at least partially responsible for their increased morbidity and mortality from infectious disease.
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28
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Smolen KK, Cai B, Fortuno ES, Gelinas L, Larsen M, Speert DP, Chamekh M, Cooper PJ, Esser M, Marchant A, Kollmann TR. Single-cell analysis of innate cytokine responses to pattern recognition receptor stimulation in children across four continents. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3003-3012. [PMID: 25135829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity instructs adaptive immunity, and suppression of innate immunity is associated with an increased risk for infection. We showed previously that whole-blood cellular components from a cohort of South African children secreted significantly lower levels of most cytokines following stimulation of pattern recognition receptors compared with whole blood from cohorts of Ecuadorian, Belgian, or Canadian children. To begin dissecting the responsible molecular mechanisms, we set out to identify the relevant cellular source of these differences. Across the four cohorts represented in our study, we identified significant variation in the cellular composition of whole blood; however, a significant reduction in the intracellular cytokine production on the single-cell level was only detected in South African children's monocytes, conventional dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. We also uncovered a marked reduction in polyfunctionality for each of these cellular compartments in South African children compared with children from the other continents. Together, our data identify differences in cell composition, as well as profoundly lower functional responses of innate cells, in our cohort of South African children. A possible link between altered innate immunity and increased risk for infection or lower response to vaccines in South African infants needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga K Smolen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Edgardo S Fortuno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Laura Gelinas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Martin Larsen
- INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, CR7, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - David P Speert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Mustapha Chamekh
- Institut d'Immunologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Philip J Cooper
- Centro de Investigaciones FEPIS, Esmeraldas Quininde, Ecuador, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,Centro de Investgación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Casilla 17-22-20418, Quito, Ecuador Ecuador
| | - Monika Esser
- Immunology Unit, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services and Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institut d'Immunologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium.,Département de pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Rue Haute, 322 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4 Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, CFRI A5-147, 950 W28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4 Canada
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29
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Dowling DJ, Levy O. Ontogeny of early life immunity. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:299-310. [PMID: 24880460 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human immune system comprises cellular and molecular components designed to coordinately prevent infection while avoiding potentially harmful inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunity varies with age, reflecting unique age-dependent challenges including fetal gestation, the neonatal phase, and infancy. Here, we review novel mechanistic insights into early life immunity, with an emphasis on emerging models of human immune ontogeny, which may inform age-specific translational development of novel anti-infectives, immunomodulators, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Dowling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Marr N, Wang TI, Kam SHY, Hu YS, Sharma AA, Lam A, Markowski J, Solimano A, Lavoie PM, Turvey SE. Attenuation of respiratory syncytial virus-induced and RIG-I-dependent type I IFN responses in human neonates and very young children. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:948-57. [PMID: 24391215 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Newborn infants, including those born at term without congenital disorders, are at high risk of severe disease from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Indeed, our current local surveillance data demonstrate that approximately half of children hospitalized with RSV were ≤3 mo old, and 74% were born at term. Informed by this clinical epidemiology, we investigated antiviral innate immune responses in early life, with the goal of identifying immunological factors underlying the susceptibility of infants and young children to severe viral lower respiratory tract infections. We compared RSV-induced innate cytokine production in blood mononuclear cells from neonates, young children aged 12-59 mo, and healthy adults. RSV-induced IFN-α production was primarily mediated by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and was significantly lower in term infants and young children < 5 y of age than in adults (p < 0.01). RSV-induced IFN-α production in human pDCs proceeded independently of endosomal TLRs, and human pDCs from healthy adult donors produced IFN-α in a retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein (RIG-I)-dependent manner. Of interest, young age and premature birth were independently associated with attenuated RIG-I-dependent IFN-α responses (p < 0.01). In contrast to IFN-α production, proinflammatory IL-6 responses to RSV were mediated by monocytes, appeared less dependent on RIG-I, and were significantly impaired only among preterm infants, not in term infants and young children. Our results suggest that human pDCs are less functional in early life, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility of infants and young children to severe RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Marr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
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31
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Smolen KK, Ruck CE, Fortuno ES, Ho K, Dimitriu P, Mohn WW, Speert DP, Cooper PJ, Esser M, Goetghebuer T, Marchant A, Kollmann TR. Pattern recognition receptor-mediated cytokine response in infants across 4 continents. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:818-26.e4. [PMID: 24290283 PMCID: PMC3969582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Susceptibility to infection as well as response to vaccination varies among populations. To date, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these clinical observations have not been fully delineated. Because innate immunity instructs adaptive immunity, we hypothesized that differences between populations in innate immune responses may represent a mechanistic link to variation in susceptibility to infection or response to vaccination. Objective Determine whether differences in innate immune responses exist among infants from different continents of the world. Methods We determined the innate cytokine response following pattern recognition receptor (PRR) stimulation of whole blood from 2-year-old infants across 4 continents (Africa, North America, South America, and Europe). Results We found that despite the many possible genetic and environmental exposure differences in infants across 4 continents, innate cytokine responses were similar for infants from North America, South America, and Europe. However, cells from South African infants secreted significantly lower levels of cytokines than did cells from infants from the 3 other sites, and did so following stimulation of extracellular and endosomal but not cytosolic PRRs. Conclusions Substantial differences in innate cytokine responses to PRR stimulation exist among different populations of infants that could not have been predicted. Delineating the underlying mechanism(s) for these differences will not only aid in improving vaccine-mediated protection but possibly also provide clues for the susceptibility to infection in different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga K Smolen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Candice E Ruck
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edgardo S Fortuno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pedro Dimitriu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William W Mohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David P Speert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip J Cooper
- Centro de Investigaciones FEPIS, Esmeraldas, Quininde, Ecuador; Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centro de Investgación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Casilla, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Monika Esser
- Immunology Unit, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, NHLS and Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Tessa Goetghebuer
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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32
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Ali S, Hirschfeld AF, Mayer ML, Fortuno ES, Corbett N, Kaplan M, Wang S, Schneiderman J, Fjell CD, Yan J, Akhabir L, Aminuddin F, Marr N, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Hegele RG, Becker A, Chan-Yeung M, Hancock REW, Kollmann TR, Daley D, Sandford AJ, Lavoie PM, Turvey SE. Functional genetic variation in NFKBIA and susceptibility to childhood asthma, bronchiolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3949-58. [PMID: 23487427 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are the most frequent chronic illnesses in babies and children. Although a vigorous innate immune system is critical for maintaining lung health, a balanced response is essential to minimize damaging inflammation. We investigated the functional and clinical impact of human genetic variants in the promoter of NFKBIA, which encodes IκBα, the major negative regulator of NF-κB. In this study, we quantified the functional impact of NFKBIA promoter polymorphisms (rs3138053, rs2233406, and rs2233409) on promoter-driven protein expression, allele-specific and total NFKBIA mRNA expression, IκBα protein expression, and TLR responsiveness; mapped innate immune regulatory networks active during respiratory syncytial virus infection, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia; and genotyped and analyzed independent cohorts of children with respiratory syncytial virus infection, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Genetic variants in the promoter of NFKBIA influenced NFKBIA gene expression, IκBα protein expression, and TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. Using a systems biology approach, we demonstrated that NFKBIA/IκBα is a central hub in transcriptional responses of prevalent childhood lung diseases, including respiratory syncytial virus infection, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Finally, by examining independent pediatric lung disease cohorts, we established that this immunologically relevant genetic variation in the promoter of NFKBIA is associated with differential susceptibility to severe bronchiolitis following infection with respiratory syncytial virus, airway hyperresponsiveness, and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. These data highlight the importance of negative innate immune regulators, such as NFKBIA, in pediatric lung disease and begin to unravel common aspects in the genetic predisposition to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchiolitis, and childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
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Brosnan K, Want A, Coopman K, Hewitt CJ. Multiparameter flow cytometry for the characterization of human embryonic stem cells. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 35:55-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-1052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ontogeny of Toll-like receptor mediated cytokine responses of South African infants throughout the first year of life. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44763. [PMID: 23028609 PMCID: PMC3441420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The first year of life represents a time of marked susceptibility to infections; this is particularly true for regions in sub-Saharan Africa. As innate immunity directs the adaptive immune response, the observed increased risk for infection as well as a suboptimal response to vaccination in early life may be due to less effective innate immune function. In this study, we followed a longitudinal cohort of infants born and raised in South Africa over the first year of life, employing the most comprehensive analysis of innate immune response to stimulation published to date. Our findings reveal rapid changes in innate immune development over the first year of life. This is the first report depicting dramatic differences in innate immune ontogeny between different populations in the world, with important implications for global vaccination strategies.
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Belderbos ME, Levy O, Stalpers F, Kimpen JL, Meyaard L, Bont L. Neonatal plasma polarizes TLR4-mediated cytokine responses towards low IL-12p70 and high IL-10 production via distinct factors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33419. [PMID: 22442690 PMCID: PMC3307729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neonates are highly susceptible to infection, which may be due in part to impaired innate immune function. Neonatal Toll-like receptor (TLR) responses are biased against the generation of pro-inflammatory/Th1-polarizing cytokines, yet the underlying mechanisms are incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that neonatal plasma polarizes TLR4-mediated cytokine production. When exposed to cord blood plasma, mononuclear cells (MCs) produced significantly lower TLR4-mediated IL-12p70 and higher IL-10 compared to MC exposed to adult plasma. Suppression by neonatal plasma of TLR4-mediated IL-12p70 production, but not induction of TLR4-mediated IL-10 production, was maintained up to the age of 1 month. Cord blood plasma conferred a similar pattern of MC cytokine responses to TLR3 and TLR8 agonists, demonstrating activity towards both MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent agonists. The factor causing increased TLR4-mediated IL-10 production by cord blood plasma was heat-labile, lost after protein depletion and independent of lipoprotein binding protein (LBP) or soluble CD14 (sCD14). The factor causing inhibition of TLR4-mediated IL-12p70 production by cord blood plasma was resistant to heat inactivation or protein depletion and was independent of IL-10, vitamin D and prostaglandin E2. In conclusion, human neonatal plasma contains at least two distinct factors that suppress TLR4-mediated IL-12p70 production or induce IL-10 or production. Further identification of these factors will provide insight into the ontogeny of innate immune development and might identify novel targets for the prevention and treatment of neonatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam E Belderbos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Gondois-Rey F, Granjeaud S, Kieu SLT, Herrera D, Hirsch I, Olive D. Multiparametric cytometry for exploration of complex cellular dynamics. Cytometry A 2012; 81:332-42. [PMID: 22278900 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of polychromatic cytometry has contributed to significant progress in the field of human immunology. Although numerous functional studies of rare cell populations have been performed using this technology, here we used polychromatic cytometry to explore the dynamics of complex cellular systems implicated in innate immunity. We used PBMC stimulated with live influenza virus as an experimental model. We studied the time course of activation of PBMC, which contain DC, monocytes, and NK cells, all of which are, in addition to their innate immune properties, susceptible to Flu infection. We developed 12 color panels to investigate intracellular expression of IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IFN-γ, CD107, and influenza virus nucleoprotein simultaneously in these cell populations. These panels allowed reproducible determination of activation markers induced in DC after their direct exposure to various stimulations or in NK cells by indirect DC-mediated activation within the complex cellular environment. The ability to use a low number of cells and reduced quantities of reagents permitted us to perform kinetic experiments. The power of polychromatic cytometry associated with bioinformatic tools allowed us to analyze the multiple functional data generated as dynamic clustering maps. These maps present a readily understandable view of activation events induced in different populations of PBMC. In addition, it reveals new information on the coordination of the complex pathways induced and on the cellular interactions that sustained indirect DC-mediated NK cell activation. Our work shows that polychromatic cytometry is a tool for discoveries in unexplored complex cell systems, at the crossroads of immunology and virology. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Gondois-Rey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, France.
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Optimization of a whole blood intracellular cytokine assay for measuring innate cell responses to mycobacteria. J Immunol Methods 2011; 376:79-88. [PMID: 22155193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate cells are essential for host defense against invading pathogens, and the induction and direction of adaptive immune responses to infection. We developed and optimized a flow cytometric assay that allows measurement of intracellular cytokine expression by monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and granulocytes, as well as cellular uptake of green-fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing mycobacteria, in very small volumes of peripheral blood. We show that innate cell stimulation resulted in increased granularity of monocytes and mDC and decreased granulocyte granularity that precluded flow cytometric discernment of granulocytes from monocytes and myeloid DC by forward and side scatter gating. Anti-CD66a/c/e antibody staining allowed reliable identification and exclusion of granulocytes for subsequent delineation of monocytes and myeloid DC. Intracellular cytokine expression by granulocytes, monocytes and mDC was remarkably sensitive to the dose of mycobacterial inoculum. Moreover, activation of monocytes and mDC with live BCG reduced expression levels of CD14 and CD11c, respectively, necessitating optimization of staining conditions to reliably measure these lineage markers. Finally, we characterized expression of IL-12/23p40, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, by GFP(+) and GFP(-) monocytes and mDC from 25 healthy adults. This assay may be applied to the study of innate cell responses to any GFP-expressing pathogen, and can be performed on blood volumes as low as 200 μL per condition, making the assay particularly suitable for pediatric studies.
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Variables to be controlled in the assessment of blood innate immune responses to Toll-like receptor stimulation. J Immunol Methods 2011; 366:89-99. [PMID: 21277305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Variability in TLR function influences susceptibility to infectious as well as immune-mediated diseases. Given the outbred nature of humans, identifying functional Toll-like receptor variability and its role in clinical disease requires such analysis to be conducted in large, often multi-centered cohorts. Yet the technically complex measurements involved in innate immune analysis benefit from centralized processing of samples. Centralization requires shipping of samples or prolonged storage, possibly even cryopreservation. Deviation from standard operating procedures (SOP) for sample procurement, storage and processing may alter the final innate immune read out. We here set out to define the impact of variables most likely to be encountered during large, multi-site studies: (i) the source of the sample, (ii) time between sample procurement to processing, and (iii) processing of fresh vs. cryopreserved samples. We found that all of these variables exert a profound impact on the final innate response to TLR stimulation. Specific innate responses appeared to be affected in response to specific TLR stimuli by a particular variable under study, proving it impossible to provide global generalizations. Based on our studies and other published work on this topic, we propose a minimal list of variables that have to be met for samples to be comparable within and across studies: a) timing between procurement and processing cannot vary by more than 10%; b) all samples have to be stored the same; and c) the source of samples needs to be the same. In summary, for innate immune analysis scrupulous adherence to standard operating procedures is paramount.
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Shooshtari P, Fortuno ES, Blimkie D, Yu M, Gupta A, Kollmann TR, Brinkman RR. Correlation analysis of intracellular and secreted cytokines via the generalized integrated mean fluorescence intensity. Cytometry A 2010; 77:873-80. [PMID: 20629196 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune response in humans is usually assessed using immunogenicity assays to provide biomarkers as correlates of protection (CoP). Flow cytometry is the assay of choice to measure intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of cell-mediated immune (CMI) biomarkers. For CMI analysis, the integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) was introduced as a metric to represent the total functional CMI response as a CoP. iMFI is computed by multiplying the relative frequency (percent positive) of cells expressing a particular cytokine with the MFI of that population, and correlates better with protection in challenge models than either the percentage or the MFI of the cytokine-positive population. While determination of the iMFI as a CoP can readily be accomplished in animal models that allow challenge/protection experiments, this is not feasible in humans for ethical reasons. As a first step toward extending the iMFI concept to humans, we investigated the correlation of the iMFI derived from a human innate immune response ICS assay with functional cytokine release into the culture supernatant, as innate cytokines need to be released to have a functional impact. Next, we developed a quantitatively more correlative mathematical approach for calculating the functional response of cytokine-producing cells by incorporating the assignment of different weights to the magnitude (frequency of cytokine-positive cells) and the quality (the MFI) of the observed innate immune response. We refer to this model as generalized iMFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shooshtari
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Corbett NP, Blimkie D, Ho KC, Cai B, Sutherland DP, Kallos A, Crabtree J, Rein-Weston A, Lavoie PM, Turvey SE, Hawkins NR, Self SG, Wilson CB, Hajjar AM, Fortuno ES, Kollmann TR. Ontogeny of Toll-like receptor mediated cytokine responses of human blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15041. [PMID: 21152080 PMCID: PMC2994830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborns and young infants suffer increased infectious morbidity and mortality as compared to older children and adults. Morbidity and mortality due to infection are highest during the first weeks of life, decreasing over several years. Furthermore, most vaccines are not administered around birth, but over the first few years of life. A more complete understanding of the ontogeny of the immune system over the first years of life is thus urgently needed. Here, we applied the most comprehensive analysis focused on the innate immune response following TLR stimulation over the first 2 years of life in the largest such longitudinal cohort studied to-date (35 subjects). We found that innate TLR responses (i) known to support Th17 adaptive immune responses (IL-23, IL-6) peaked around birth and declined over the following 2 years only to increase again by adulthood; (ii) potentially supporting antiviral defense (IFN-α) reached adult level function by 1 year of age; (iii) known to support Th1 type immunity (IL-12p70, IFN-γ) slowly rose from a low at birth but remained far below adult responses even at 2 years of age; (iv) inducing IL-10 production steadily declined from a high around birth to adult levels by 1 or 2 years of age, and; (v) leading to production of TNF-α or IL-1β varied by stimuli. Our data contradict the notion of a linear progression from an ‘immature’ neonatal to a ‘mature’ adult pattern, but instead indicate the existence of qualitative and quantitative age-specific changes in innate immune reactivity in response to TLR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Corbett
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Darren Blimkie
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kevin C. Ho
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Darren P. Sutherland
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Arlene Kallos
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Juliet Crabtree
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Annie Rein-Weston
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Natalie R. Hawkins
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Self
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Adeline M. Hajjar
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edgardo S. Fortuno
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail: (TK)
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail: (TK)
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Lavoie PM, Huang Q, Jolette E, Whalen M, Nuyt AM, Audibert F, Speert DP, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Soudeyns H, Kollmann TR. Profound lack of interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40 in neonates born early in gestation is associated with an increased risk of sepsis. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:1754-63. [PMID: 20977341 DOI: 10.1086/657143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants born prematurely are highly vulnerable to infections and also exhibit a high susceptibility to organ damage due to inflammation. METHODS To investigate homeostatic immune control early in life, we used advanced multiparameter flow cytometry to compare responses to multiple Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in single cells and mononuclear cell populations in term neonates versus preterm neonates born before 29 weeks of gestation. RESULTS Preterm neonates had globally attenuated TLR-stimulated interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-α, and, to a lesser extent, tumor necrosis factor-α responses but demonstrated relative preservation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses in monocytes and dendritic cell subtypes. Remarkably, preterm neonates were also profoundly deficient in the common IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines' p40 subunit, which is critical for immunity against a wide variety of microbial pathogens in mice. Consistent with the increased susceptibility to infections resulting from the lack of IL-12/IL-23 in human newborns, significantly lower serum p40 concentrations were observed at birth in infants who developed early-onset sepsis. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is the first detailed analysis of multiple TLR function in neonates born extremely premature. Although attenuation of proinflammatory pathways may protect against tissue-damaging immunity early in life, this previously unrecognized p40 immune deficiency appears to result in considerably increased susceptibility to infection in human preterm newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Lavoie
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Blimkie D, Fortuno ES, Thommai F, Xu L, Fernandes E, Crabtree J, Rein-Weston A, Jansen K, Brinkman RR, Kollmann TR. Identification of B cells through negative gating-An example of the MIFlowCyt standard applied. Cytometry A 2010; 77:546-51. [PMID: 20131398 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polychromatic flow cytometric analysis takes advantage of the increasing number of available fluorophores to positively identify and simultaneously assess multiple parameters in the same cell (1). Additional parameters may be analyzed through negative identification (i.e., through exclusion of particular stains or antibodies employed). In this report, we tested whether such negative-gating strategy would identify human B lymphocytes in innate immune phenotyping studies. To this end, B cells were identified as the negatively-stained subpopulation from the CD123 vs. CD11c plot of the CD14(neg-low), MHC II(high) human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To test the specificity of this negative gating approach, we confirmed that negatively gated B cells indeed expressed CD19, the bona fide marker for human B cells. However, a small number of unidentified cells were contained in the negatively-gated B cells. Furthermore, a small percentage cells expressing markers used to identify monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) coexpressed CD19. This identifies such negative B-cell gating approach as potentially problematic. When applied to the analysis of Toll-like receptors (TLR) stimulation experiments, we were however able to interpret the results, as B-cells respond to TLR stimulation in a qualitative different pattern as compared to monocytes and DC. This report is presented in a manner that is fully compliant with the Minimum Information about a Flow Cytometry Experiment (MIFlowCyt) standard, which was recently adopted by the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) (2) and incorporated in the publishing policies of Cytometry and other journals. We demonstrate how a MIFlowCyt-compliant report can be prepared with minimal effort, and yet provide the reader with a much clearer picture of the portrayed FCM experiment and data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Blimkie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Multiplexed immunophenotyping of human antigen-presenting cells in whole blood by polychromatic flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:357-70. [PMID: 20134434 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe two modular protocols for immunostaining and multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of major human antigen-presenting cells (APCs; e.g., dendritic cells, monocytes and B lymphocytes) in minimally manipulated whole blood samples. Simultaneous detection of up to eight colors is enabled by careful selection and testing of cell-subset-defining monoclonal antibodies (anchor markers) in the appropriate fluorochrome combinations, in order to show the quantification of surface expression levels of molecules involved in chemotaxis (e.g., CX(3)CR1 and CCR2), adhesion (e.g., CD11b and CD62L), antigen presentation (e.g., CD83, CD86 and CD209) and immune regulation (e.g., CD101) on circulating APCs. Each immunostaining reaction requires as little as 50-100 microl of peripheral whole blood and no density-gradient separation, and the entire procedure from preparation of reagents to flow cytometry can be completed in <5 h.
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Kollmann TR, Crabtree J, Rein-Weston A, Blimkie D, Thommai F, Wang XY, Lavoie PM, Furlong J, Fortuno ES, Hajjar AM, Hawkins NR, Self SG, Wilson CB. Neonatal innate TLR-mediated responses are distinct from those of adults. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:7150-60. [PMID: 19917677 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human neonate and infant are unduly susceptible to infection with a wide variety of microbes. This susceptibility is thought to reflect differences from adults in innate and adaptive immunity, but the nature of these differences is incompletely characterized. The innate immune response directs the subsequent adaptive immune response after integrating information from TLRs and other environmental sensors. We set out to provide a comprehensive analysis defining differences in response to TLR ligation between human neonates and adults. In response to most TLR ligands, neonatal innate immune cells, including monocytes and conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells produced less IL-12p70 and IFN-alpha (and consequently induced less IFN-gamma), moderately less TNF-alpha, but as much or even more IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-10 than adult cells. At the single-cell level, neonatal innate cells generally were less capable of producing multiple cytokines simultaneously, i.e., were less polyfunctional. Overall, our data suggest a robust if not enhanced capacity of the neonate vs the adult white-blood cell TLR-mediated response to support Th17- and Th2-type immunity, which promotes defense against extracellular pathogens, but a reduced capacity to support Th1-type responses, which promote defense against intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R Kollmann
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, CFRI, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4H4, Canada.
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