1
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Sakaguchi A, Tanaka Y, Shoji E, Takeshima T, Sakamaki R, Matsuba T, Kurihara Y. Rapid, simple, and effective strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies targeting protein structures using hybridoma technology. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:24. [PMID: 36997993 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies are essential in life science research and developing antibody drugs and test drugs. Various methods have been developed to obtain monoclonal antibodies, among which hybridoma technology continues to be widely used. However, developing a rapid and efficient method for obtaining conformation-specific antibodies using hybridoma technology remains challenging. We previously developed the membrane-type immunoglobulin-directed hybridoma screening (MIHS) method, which is a flow cytometry-based screening technique based on the interaction between the B-cell receptor expressed on the hybridoma cell surface and the antigen protein, to obtain conformation-specific antibodies. RESULTS In this study, we proposed a streptavidin-anchored ELISA screening technology (SAST) as a secondary screening method that retains the advantages of the MIHS method. Anti-enhanced green fluorescent protein monoclonal antibodies were generated as a model experiment, and their structural recognition abilities were examined. Examination of the reaction profiles showed that all monoclonal antibodies obtained in this study recognize the conformational epitopes of the protein antigen. Furthermore, these monoclonal antibodies were classified into two groups: those with binding activities against partially denatured proteins and those with complete loss of binding activities. Next, when screening monoclonal antibodies by the MIHS method as the first screening, we found that monoclonal antibodies with stronger binding constants may be selected by double-staining for hybridomas with fluorescently labeled target antigens and fluorescently labeled B cell receptor antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The proposed two-step screening method, which incorporates MIHS and SAST, constitutes a rapid, simple, and effective strategy to obtain conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies generated through hybridoma technology. The novel monoclonal antibody screening strategy reported herein could accelerate the development of antibody drugs and antibody tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- Biomaterials Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiki Shoji
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Teppei Takeshima
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rina Sakamaki
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takao Matsuba
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kurihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
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2
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Rutkauskaite J, Berger S, Stavrakis S, Dressler O, Heyman J, Casadevall I Solvas X, deMello A, Mazutis L. High-throughput single-cell antibody secretion quantification and enrichment using droplet microfluidics-based FRET assay. iScience 2022; 25:104515. [PMID: 35733793 PMCID: PMC9207670 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening and enrichment of antibody-producing cells have many important applications. Herein, we present a droplet microfluidic approach for high-throughput screening and sorting of antibody-secreting cells using a Förster resonance electron transfer (FRET)-based assay. The FRET signal is mediated by the specific binding of the secreted antibody to two fluorescently labeled probes supplied within a droplet. Functional hybridoma cells expressing either membrane-bound or secreted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), or both, were efficiently differentiated in less than 30 min. The antibody secretion rate by individual hybridoma cells was recorded in the range of 14,000 Abs/min, while the density of membrane-bound fraction was approximately 100 Abs/μm2. Combining the FRET assay with droplet-based single-cell sorting, an 800-fold enrichment of antigen-specific cells was achieved after one round of sorting. The presented system overcomes several key limitations observed in conventional FACS-based screening methods and should be applicable to assaying various other secreted proteins. FRET-based screening assay of antibody-secreting cells in microfluidic droplets Membrane-bound and secreted antibodies of the same cell are efficiently differentiated Using mouse hybridoma cells antibody secretion assay is completed in 30 min FRET-based droplet sorting enables over 800-fold enrichment in one round of sorting
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Rutkauskaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekio ave., 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Berger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Dressler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John Heyman
- Harvard University, SEAS, 9 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Andrew deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekio ave., 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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3
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Patel SR, Lundgren TS, Baldwin WH, Cox C, Parker ET, Healey JF, Jajosky RP, Zerra PE, Josephson CD, Doering CB, Stowell SR, Meeks SL. Neutralizing Antibodies Against Factor VIII Can Occur Through a Non-Germinal Center Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880829. [PMID: 35634288 PMCID: PMC9132091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity to factor VIII (FVIII) represents a significant challenge for the treatment of patients with hemophilia A. Current paradigms indicate that neutralizing antibodies against FVIII (inhibitors) occur through a classical CD4 T cell, germinal center (GC) dependent process. However, clinical observations suggest that the nature of the immune response to FVIII may differ between patients. While some patients produce persistent low or high inhibitor titers, others generate a transient response. Moreover, FVIII reactive memory B cells are only detectable in some patients with sustained inhibitor titers. The determinants regulating the type of immune response a patient develops, let alone how the immune response differs in these patients remains incompletely understood. One hypothesis is that polymorphisms within immunoregulatory genes alter the underlying immune response to FVIII, and thereby the inhibitor response. Consistent with this, studies report that inhibitor titers to FVIII differ in animals with the same F8 pathogenic variant but completely distinct backgrounds; though, how these genetic disparities affect the immune response to FVIII remains to be investigated. Given this, we sought to mechanistically dissect how genetics impact the underlying immune response to FVIII. In particular, as the risk of producing inhibitors is weakly associated with differences in HLA, we hypothesized that genetic factors other than HLA influence the immune response to FVIII and downstream inhibitor formation. Our data demonstrate that FVIII deficient mice encoding the same MHC and F8 variant produce disparate inhibitor titers, and that the type of inhibitor response formed associates with the ability to generate GCs. Interestingly, the formation of antibodies through a GC or non-GC pathway does not appear to be due to differences in CD4 T cell immunity, as the CD4 T cell response to an immunodominant epitope in FVIII was similar in these mice. These results indicate that genetics can impact the process by which inhibitors develop and may in part explain the apparent propensity of patients to form distinct inhibitor responses. Moreover, these data highlight an underappreciated immunological pathway of humoral immunity to FVIII and lay the groundwork for identification of biomarkers for the development of approaches to tolerize against FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema R Patel
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Taran S Lundgren
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wallace Hunter Baldwin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Courtney Cox
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ernest T Parker
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John F Healey
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ryan P Jajosky
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia E Zerra
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cassandra D Josephson
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher B Doering
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shannon L Meeks
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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4
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Sakaguchi A, Nakajima C, Sawano A, Tanaka Y, Kurihara Y. Rapid and reliable hybridoma screening method that is suitable for production of functional structure-recognizing monoclonal antibody. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:696-702. [PMID: 33745778 PMCID: PMC7972868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are extremely valuable functional biomaterials that are widely used not only in life science research but also in antibody drugs and test drugs. There is also a strong need to develop high-quality neutralizing antibodies as soon as possible in order to stop the rapid spread of new infectious diseases such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study has developed a membrane-type immunoglobulin-directed hybridoma screening (MIHS) method for obtaining high-quality monoclonal antibodies with high efficiency and high speed. In addition to these advantages, this paper demonstrates that the MIHS method can selectively obtain monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the functional structure of proteins. The MIHS method is a useful technology that greatly contributes to the research community because it can be easily introduced in any laboratory that uses a flow cytometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Nakajima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sawano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Engineering Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kurihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
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5
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Dela Cruz Chuh J, Go M, Chen Y, Guo J, Rafidi H, Mandikian D, Sun Y, Lin Z, Schneider K, Zhang P, Vij R, Sharpnack D, Chan P, de la Cruz C, Sadowsky J, Seshasayee D, Koerber JT, Pillow TH, Phillips GD, Rowntree RK, Boswell CA, Kozak KR, Polson AG, Polakis P, Yu SF, Dragovich PS, Agard NJ. Preclinical optimization of Ly6E-targeted ADCs for increased durability and efficacy of anti-tumor response. MAbs 2021; 13:1862452. [PMID: 33382956 PMCID: PMC7784788 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1862452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early success with brentuximab vedotin in treating classical Hodgkin lymphoma spurred an influx of at least 20 monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) into clinical trials. While three MMAE-ADCs have been approved, most of these conjugates are no longer being investigated in clinical trials. Some auristatin conjugates show limited or no efficacy at tolerated doses, but even for drugs driving initial remissions, tumor regrowth and metastasis often rapidly occur. Here we describe the development of second-generation therapeutic ADCs targeting Lymphocyte antigen 6E (Ly6E) where the tubulin polymerization inhibitor MMAE (Compound 1) is replaced with DNA-damaging agents intended to drive increased durability of response. Comparison of a seco-cyclopropyl benzoindol-4-one (CBI)-dimer (compound 2) to MMAE showed increased potency, activity across more cell lines, and resistance to efflux by P-glycoprotein, a drug transporter commonly upregulated in tumors. Both anti-Ly6E-CBI and -MMAE conjugates drove single-dose efficacy in xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models, but seco-CBI-dimer conjugates showed reduced tumor outgrowth following multiple weeks of treatment, suggesting that they are less susceptible to developing resistance. In parallel, we explored approaches to optimize the targeting antibody. In contrast to immunization with recombinant Ly6E or Ly6E DNA, immunization with virus-like particles generated a high-affinity anti-Ly6E antibody. Conjugates to this antibody improve efficacy versus a previous clinical candidate both in vitro and in vivo with multiple cytotoxics. Conjugation of compound 2 to the second-generation antibody results in a substantially improved ADC with promising preclinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Dela Cruz Chuh
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Research biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Chen
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Research biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanine Rafidi
- Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Mandikian
- Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yonglian Sun
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kellen Schneider
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Zhang
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh Vij
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Sharpnack
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Chan
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jack Sadowsky
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James T. Koerber
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C. Andrew Boswell
- Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Polakis
- Research biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Research biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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6
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Gardill B, Huang J, Tu L, Van Petegem F, Oxenoid K, Thomson CA. Nanodisc technology facilitates identification of monoclonal antibodies targeting multi-pass membrane proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1130. [PMID: 31980674 PMCID: PMC6981118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-pass membrane proteins are important targets of biologic medicines. Given the inherent difficulties in working with membrane proteins, we sought to investigate the utility of membrane scaffold protein nanodiscs as a means of solubilizing membrane proteins to aid antibody discovery. Using a model multi-pass membrane protein, we demonstrate how incorporation of a multi-pass membrane protein into nanodiscs can be used in flow cytometry to identify antigen-specific hybridoma. The use of target protein-loaded nanodiscs to sort individual hybridoma early in the screening process can reduce the time required to identify antibodies against multi-pass membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Gardill
- Amgen Research, Biologic Discovery, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,The University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Amgen Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerry Huang
- Amgen Research, Biologic Discovery, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tu
- Amgen Research, Biologic Discovery, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Storek KM, Chan J, Vij R, Chiang N, Lin Z, Bevers J, Koth CM, Vernes JM, Meng YG, Yin J, Wallweber H, Dalmas O, Shriver S, Tam C, Schneider K, Seshasayee D, Nakamura G, Smith PA, Payandeh J, Koerber JT, Comps-Agrar L, Rutherford ST. Massive antibody discovery used to probe structure-function relationships of the essential outer membrane protein LptD. eLife 2019; 8:46258. [PMID: 31237236 PMCID: PMC6592684 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in Gram-negative bacteria dictate permeability of metabolites, antibiotics, and toxins. Elucidating the structure-function relationships governing OMPs within native membrane environments remains challenging. We constructed a diverse library of >3000 monoclonal antibodies to assess the roles of extracellular loops (ECLs) in LptD, an essential OMP that inserts lipopolysaccharide into the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. Epitope binning and mapping experiments with LptD-loop-deletion mutants demonstrated that 7 of the 13 ECLs are targeted by antibodies. Only ECLs inaccessible to antibodies were required for the structure or function of LptD. Our results suggest that antibody-accessible loops evolved to protect key extracellular regions of LptD, but are themselves dispensable. Supporting this hypothesis, no α-LptD antibody interfered with essential functions of LptD. Our experimental workflow enables structure-function studies of OMPs in native cellular environments, provides unexpected insight into LptD, and presents a method to assess the therapeutic potential of antibody targeting. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to the rise of multi-drug resistant bacteria which threaten global public health. Antibiotics interfere with essential processes in bacteria so they are unable to divide or survive, but over time, the microbes have found ways to become immune to the drugs. New antibiotics are now desperately needed. Gram-negative bacteria are wrapped in an outer membrane made of large molecules called lipopolysaccharides. This structure is an extra barrier to molecules (such as drugs) that try to enter the cell, but it could also hold new targets for antibiotics to exploit. A protein called LptD is embedded in the outer membrane, where it inserts new lipopolysaccharides. It is critical for bacteria to grow and survive, and is a relatively new potential target for antibiotic development. The protein has a number of ‘extracellular loops’ that extend into the environment, but their roles in the structure and the activity of LptD are still largely unknown. This is partly due to a lack of tools to investigate these elements. In response, Storek et al. built a library of over 3,000 custom antibodies, which are small Y-shaped proteins that can each recognise a specific portion in one of the extracellular loops and potentially incapacitate LptD. The antibodies were used to target LptD in its native environment, when it is embedded in the bacteria. In parallel, mutant bacteria were created in which the loops were genetically removed one by one to assess their importance for LptD activity. The experiments revealed that although the antibodies could target most extracellular loops, they could not target the few loops that were essential for LptD to work properly. This suggests that antibody-accessible loops are expendable and that these structures could serve to shield other regions of LptD which are critical for survival. The findings will help to prioritise research that develops other approaches to inhibit LptD. Finally, the antibody workflow designed by Storek et al. can serve as a road map to study other membrane proteins in their native cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Storek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Joyce Chan
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Rajesh Vij
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Nancy Chiang
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Jack Bevers
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Christopher M Koth
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Jean-Michel Vernes
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Y Gloria Meng
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - JianPing Yin
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Heidi Wallweber
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Olivier Dalmas
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Stephanie Shriver
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Christine Tam
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Kellen Schneider
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Gerald Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Peter A Smith
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Jian Payandeh
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Laetitia Comps-Agrar
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Steven T Rutherford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, United States
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8
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Puligedda RD, Sharma R, Al-Saleem FH, Kouiavskaia D, Velu AB, Kattala CD, Prendergast GC, Lynch DR, Chumakov K, Dessain SK. Capture and display of antibodies secreted by hybridoma cells enables fluorescent on-cell screening. MAbs 2019; 11:546-558. [PMID: 30794061 PMCID: PMC6512912 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1574520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridoma methods for monoclonal antibody (mAb) cloning are a mainstay of biomedical research, but they are hindered by the need to maintain hybridomas in oligoclonal pools during antibody screening. Here, we describe a system in which hybridomas specifically capture and display the mAbs they secrete: On-Cell mAb Screening (OCMS™). In OCMS™, mAbs displayed on the cell surface can be rapidly assayed for expression level and binding specificity using fluorescent antigens with high-content (image-based) methods or flow cytometry. OCMS™ demonstrated specific mAb binding to poliovirus and rabies virus by forming a cell surface IgG “cap”, as a universal assay for anti-viral mAbs. We produced and characterized OCMS™-enabled hybridomas secreting mAbs that neutralize poliovirus and used fluorescence microscopy to identify and clone a human mAb specific for the human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Lastly, we used OCMS™ to assess expression and antigen binding of a recombinant mAb produced in 293T cells. As a novel method to physically associate mAbs with the hybridomas that secrete them, OCMS™ overcomes a central challenge to hybridoma mAb screening and offers new paradigms for mAb discovery and production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- a Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Wynnewood , PA , USA
| | | | - Diana Kouiavskaia
- b Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Arul Balaji Velu
- a Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Wynnewood , PA , USA
| | | | | | - David R Lynch
- c Division of Neurology , Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Konstantin Chumakov
- b Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Scott K Dessain
- a Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Wynnewood , PA , USA
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9
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Hu FJ, Volk AL, Persson H, Säll A, Borrebaeck C, Uhlen M, Rockberg J. Combination of phage and Gram-positive bacterial display of human antibody repertoires enables isolation of functional high affinity binders. N Biotechnol 2018; 45:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Vij R, Lin Z, Chiang N, Vernes JM, Storek KM, Park S, Chan J, Meng YG, Comps-Agrar L, Luan P, Lee S, Schneider K, Bevers J, Zilberleyb I, Tam C, Koth CM, Xu M, Gill A, Auerbach MR, Smith PA, Rutherford ST, Nakamura G, Seshasayee D, Payandeh J, Koerber JT. A targeted boost-and-sort immunization strategy using Escherichia coli BamA identifies rare growth inhibitory antibodies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7136. [PMID: 29740124 PMCID: PMC5940829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in Gram-negative bacteria are essential for a number of cellular functions including nutrient transport and drug efflux. Escherichia coli BamA is an essential component of the OMP β-barrel assembly machinery and a potential novel antibacterial target that has been proposed to undergo large (~15 Å) conformational changes. Here, we explored methods to isolate anti-BamA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that might alter the function of this OMP and ultimately lead to bacterial growth inhibition. We first optimized traditional immunization approaches but failed to identify mAbs that altered cell growth after screening >3000 hybridomas. We then developed a “targeted boost-and-sort” strategy that combines bacterial cell immunizations, purified BamA protein boosts, and single hybridoma cell sorting using amphipol-reconstituted BamA antigen. This unique workflow improves the discovery efficiency of FACS + mAbs by >600-fold and enabled the identification of rare anti-BamA mAbs with bacterial growth inhibitory activity in the presence of a truncated lipopolysaccharide layer. These mAbs represent novel tools for dissecting the BamA-mediated mechanism of β-barrel folding and our workflow establishes a new template for the efficient discovery of novel mAbs against other highly dynamic membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Vij
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Nancy Chiang
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Vernes
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kelly M Storek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Summer Park
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Joyce Chan
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Y Gloria Meng
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Laetitia Comps-Agrar
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Peng Luan
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Sophia Lee
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kellen Schneider
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jack Bevers
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Inna Zilberleyb
- Department of BioMolecular Resources, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Christine Tam
- Department of BioMolecular Resources, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Christopher M Koth
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Avinash Gill
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Marcy R Auerbach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Peter A Smith
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Steven T Rutherford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Gerald Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jian Payandeh
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
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11
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Flow cytometry-based method for rapid and high-throughput screening of hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibody. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:464-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Foltz IN, Gunasekaran K, King CT. Discovery and bio-optimization of human antibody therapeutics using the XenoMouse® transgenic mouse platform. Immunol Rev 2016; 270:51-64. [PMID: 26864104 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, the use of transgenic animal platforms has transformed the discovery of fully human therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The first approved therapy derived from a transgenic platform--the epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist panitumumab to treat advanced colorectal cancer--was developed using XenoMouse(®) technology. Since its approval in 2006, the science of discovering and developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies derived from the XenoMouse(®) platform has advanced considerably. The emerging array of antibody therapeutics developed using transgenic technologies is expected to include antibodies and antibody fragments with novel mechanisms of action and extreme potencies. In addition to these impressive functional properties, these antibodies will be designed to have superior biophysical properties that enable highly efficient large-scale manufacturing methods. Achieving these new heights in antibody drug discovery will ultimately bring better medicines to patients. Here, we review best practices for the discovery and bio-optimization of monoclonal antibodies that fit functional design goals and meet high manufacturing standards.
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13
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Schmidt A, Brettschneider K, Kahle J, Orlowski A, Becker-Peters K, Stichel D, Schulze J, Braner M, Tampé R, Schwabe D, Königs C. Neutralisation of factor VIII inhibitors by anti-idiotypes isolated from phage-displayed libraries. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:32-41. [PMID: 27009573 DOI: 10.1160/th15-12-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Following replacement therapy with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), up to 30 % of haemophilia A patients develop FVIII-specific inhibitory antibodies (FVIII inhibitors). Immune tolerance induction (ITI) is not always successful, resulting in a need for alternative treatments for FVIII inhibitor-positive patients. As tolerance induction in the course of ITI appears to involve the formation of anti-idiotypes specific for anti-FVIII antibodies, such anti-idiotypes might be used to restore haemostasis in haemophilia A patients with FVIII inhibitors. We isolated anti-idiotypic antibody fragments (scFvs) binding to murine FVIII inhibitors 2-76 and 2-77 from phage-displayed libraries. FVIII inhibitor/anti-idiotype interactions were very specific as no cross-reactivity with other FVIII inhibitors or isotype controls was observed. ScFvs blocked binding of FVIII inhibitors to FVIII and neutralised their cognate inhibitors in vitro and a monoclonal mouse model. In addition, scFv JkH5 specific for FVIII inhibitor 2-76 stained 2-76-producing hybridoma cells. JkH5 residues R52 and Y226, located in complementary determining regions, were identified as crucial for the JkH5/2-76 interaction using JkH5 alanine mutants. SPR spectroscopy revealed that JkH5 interacts with FVIII inhibitor 2-76 with nanomolar affinity. Thus, FVIII inhibitor-specific, high-affinity anti-idiotypes can be isolated from phage-displayed libraries and neutralise their respective inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that anti-idiotypic scFvs might be utilised to specifically target inhibitor-specific B cells. Hence, a pool of anti-idiotypes could enable the reestablishment of haemostasis in the presence of FVIII inhibitors in patients or even allow the depletion of inhibitors by targeting inhibitor-specific B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Königs
- Christoph Königs, Goethe University, Department of Paediatrics, Molecular Haemostasis and Immunodeficiency, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Tel.: +49 69 6301 83030, Fax: +49 69 6301 83991, E-mail:
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14
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Leung SO, Gao K, Wang GY, Cheung BKW, Lee KY, Zhao Q, Cheung WT, Wang JZ. Surrogate target cells expressing surface anti-idiotype antibody for the clinical evaluation of an internalizing CD22-specific antibody. MAbs 2015; 7:66-76. [PMID: 25427174 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.985519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SM03, a chimeric antibody that targets the B-cell restricted antigen CD22, is currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of lymphomas and other autoimmune diseases in China. SM03 binding to surface CD22 leads to rapid internalization, making the development of an appropriate cell-based bioassay for monitoring changes in SM03 bioactivities during production, purification, storage, and clinical trials difficult. We report herein the development of an anti-idiotype antibody against SM03. Apart from its being used as a surrogate antigen for monitoring SM03 binding affinities, the anti-idiotype antibody was engineered to express as fusion proteins on cell surfaces in a non-internalizing manner, and the engineered cells were used as novel "surrogate target cells" for SM03. SM03-induced complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) against these "surrogate target cells" proved to be an effective bioassay for monitoring changes in Fc functions, including those resulting from minor structural modifications borne within the Fc-appended carbohydrates. The approach can be generally applied for antibodies that target rapidly internalizing or non-surface bound antigens. The combined use of the anti-idiotype antibody and the surrogate target cells could help evaluate clinical parameters associated with safety and efficacies, and possibly the mechanisms of action of SM03.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity
- CD22
- CMC, complement mediated cytotoxicity
- HACA, human anti-chimeric antibody
- MOA, mechanism of action
- NHL, non-Hodgkins lymphoma
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- anti-idiotype
- bioassay
- internalizing
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- surrogate target cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-On Leung
- a Institute of Biomedical Sciences ; Fudan University ; Shanghai , China
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15
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Liu H, White J, Crawford F, Jin N, Ju X, Liu K, Jiang C, Marrack P, Zhang G, Kappler JW. A Rapid Method to Characterize Mouse IgG Antibodies and Isolate Native Antigen Binding IgG B Cell Hybridomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136613. [PMID: 26317987 PMCID: PMC4552657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell hybridomas are an important source of monoclonal antibodies. In this paper, we developed a high-throughput method to characterize mouse IgG antibodies using surface plasmon resonance technology. This assay rapidly determines their sub-isotypes, whether they bind native antigen and their approximate affinities for the antigen using only 50 μl of hybridoma cell culture supernatant. Moreover, we found that mouse hybridomas secreting IgG antibodies also have membrane form IgG expression without Igα. Based on this surface IgG, we used flow cytometry to isolate rare γ2a isotype switched variants from a γ2b antibody secreting hybridoma cell line. Also, we used fluorescent antigen to single cell sort antigen binding hybridoma cells from bulk mixture of fused hybridoma cells instead of the traditional multi-microwell plate screening and limiting dilution sub-cloning thus saving time and labor. The IgG monoclonal antibodies specific for the native antigen identified with these methods are suitable for in vivo therapeutic uses, but also for sandwich ELISA assays, histology, flow cytometry, immune precipitation and x-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Janice White
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Frances Crawford
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Niyun Jin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Xiangwu Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gongyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John W. Kappler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fusil F, Calattini S, Amirache F, Mancip J, Costa C, Robbins JB, Douam F, Lavillette D, Law M, Defrance T, Verhoeyen E, Cosset FL. A Lentiviral Vector Allowing Physiologically Regulated Membrane-anchored and Secreted Antibody Expression Depending on B-cell Maturation Status. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1734-1747. [PMID: 26281898 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of lentiviral vectors (LVs) for expression of a specific antibody can be achieved through the transduction of mature B-cells. This approach would provide a versatile tool for active immunotherapy strategies for infectious diseases or cancer, as well as for protein engineering. Here, we created a lentiviral expression system mimicking the natural production of these two distinct immunoglobulin isoforms. We designed a LV (FAM2-LV) expressing an anti-HCV-E2 surface glycoprotein antibody (AR3A) as a membrane-anchored Ig form or a soluble Ig form, depending on the B-cell maturation status. FAM2-LV induced high-level and functional membrane expression of the transgenic antibody in a nonsecretory B-cell line. In contrast, a plasma cell (PC) line transduced with FAM2-LV preferentially produced the secreted transgenic antibody. Similar results were obtained with primary B-cells transduced ex vivo. Most importantly, FAM2-LV transduced primary B-cells efficiently differentiated into PCs, which secreted the neutralizing anti-HCV E2 antibody upon adoptive transfer into immunodeficient NSG (NOD/SCIDγc(-/-)) recipient mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the conditional FAM2-LV allows preferential expression of the membrane-anchored form of an antiviral neutralizing antibody in B-cells and permits secretion of a soluble antibody following B-cell maturation into PCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Fusil
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Calattini
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fouzia Amirache
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jimmy Mancip
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Costa
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Justin B Robbins
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Present address: Organovo Holdings, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Present address: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dimitri Lavillette
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Present address: Institut Pasteur Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thierry Defrance
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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17
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A Simple Flow-Cytometric Method Measuring B Cell Surface Immunoglobulin Avidity Enables Characterization of Affinity Maturation to Influenza A Virus. mBio 2015; 6:e01156. [PMID: 26242629 PMCID: PMC4526714 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01156-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody (Ab) affinity maturation enables an individual to maintain immunity to an increasing number of pathogens within the limits of a total Ig production threshold. A better understanding of this process is critical for designing vaccines that generate optimal Ab responses to pathogens. Our study describes a simple flow-cytometric method that enumerates virus-specific germinal center (GC) B cells as well as their AC50, a measure of Ab avidity, defined as the antigen concentration required to detect 50% of specific B cells. Using a model of mouse Ab responses to the influenza A virus hemagglutinin (IAV HA), we obtained data indicating that AC50 decreases with time postinfection in an affinity maturation-dependent process. As proof of principle of the utility of the method, our data clearly show that relative to intranasal IAV infection, intramuscular immunization against inactivated IAV in adjuvant results in a diminished GC HA B cell response, with increased AC50 correlating with an increased serum Ab off-rate. Enabling simultaneous interrogation of both GC HA B cell quantity and quality, this technique should facilitate study of affinity maturation and rational vaccine design. Though it was first described 50 years ago, little is known about how antibody affinity maturation contributes to immunity. This question is particularly relevant to developing more effective vaccines for influenza A virus (IAV) and other viruses that are difficult vaccine targets. Limitations in methods for characterizing antigen-specific B cells have impeded progress in characterizing the quality of immune responses to vaccine and natural immunogens. In this work, we describe a simple flow cytometry-based approach that measures both the number and affinity of IAV-binding germinal center B cells specific for the IAV HA, the major target of IAV-neutralizing antibodies. Using this method, we showed that the route and form of immunization significantly impacts the quality and quantity of B cell antibody responses. This method provides a relatively simple yet powerful tool for better understanding the contribution of affinity maturation to viral immunity.
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18
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Kuhne M, Dippong M, Flemig S, Hoffmann K, Petsch K, Schenk JA, Kunte HJ, Schneider RJ. Comparative characterization of mAb producing hapten-specific hybridoma cells by flow cytometric analysis and ELISA. J Immunol Methods 2014; 413:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Su YC, Al-Qaisi TS, Tung HY, Cheng TL, Chuang KH, Chen BM, Roffler SR. Mimicking the germinal center reaction in hybridoma cells to isolate temperature-selective anti-PEG antibodies. MAbs 2014; 6:1069-83. [PMID: 24874693 PMCID: PMC4171010 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of antibody class and binding properties typically requires cloning of antibody genes, antibody library construction, phage or yeast display and recombinant antibody expression. Here, we describe an alternative “cloning-free” approach to generate antibodies with altered antigen-binding and heavy chain isotype by mimicking the germinal center reaction in antibody-secreting hybridoma cells. This was accomplished by lentiviral transduction and controllable expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to generate somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in antibody genes coupled with high-throughput fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of hybridoma cells to detect altered antibody binding properties. Starting from a single established hybridoma clone, we isolated mutated antibodies that bind to a low-temperature structure of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polymer widely used in nanotechnology, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. FACS of AID-infected hybridoma cells also facilitated rapid identification of class switched variants of monoclonal IgM to monoclonal IgG. Mimicking the germinal center reaction in hybridoma cells may offer a general method to identify and isolate antibodies with altered binding properties and class-switched heavy chains without the need to carry out DNA library construction, antibody engineering and recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Su
- Program in Molecular Medicine; National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Talal S Al-Qaisi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Tung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Faculty of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology; MedicoGenomic Research Center; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mae Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Douglas AD, Williams AR, Knuepfer E, Illingworth JJ, Furze JM, Crosnier C, Choudhary P, Bustamante LY, Zakutansky SE, Awuah DK, Alanine DGW, Theron M, Worth A, Shimkets R, Rayner JC, Holder AA, Wright GJ, Draper SJ. Neutralization of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites by antibodies against PfRH5. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:245-58. [PMID: 24293631 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is intense interest in induction and characterization of strain-transcending neutralizing Ab against antigenically variable human pathogens. We have recently identified the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) as a target of broadly neutralizing Abs, but there is little information regarding the functional mechanism(s) of Ab-mediated neutralization. In this study, we report that vaccine-induced polyclonal anti-PfRH5 Abs inhibit the tight attachment of merozoites to erythrocytes and are capable of blocking the interaction of PfRH5 with its receptor basigin. Furthermore, by developing anti-PfRH5 mAbs, we provide evidence of the following: 1) the ability to block the PfRH5-basigin interaction in vitro is predictive of functional activity, but absence of blockade does not predict absence of functional activity; 2) neutralizing mAbs bind spatially related epitopes on the folded protein, involving at least two defined regions of the PfRH5 primary sequence; 3) a brief exposure window of PfRH5 is likely to necessitate rapid binding of Ab to neutralize parasites; and 4) intact bivalent IgG contributes to but is not necessary for parasite neutralization. These data provide important insight into the mechanisms of broadly neutralizing anti-malaria Abs and further encourage anti-PfRH5-based malaria prevention efforts.
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21
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Wang D, Mills ES, Deal RB. Technologies for systems-level analysis of specific cell types in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 197:21-29. [PMID: 23116668 PMCID: PMC4037754 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of biological processes at cell type resolution requires the isolation of the specific cell types from an organism, but this presents a great technical challenge. In recent years a number of methods have been developed that allow deep analyses of the epigenome, transcriptome, and ribosome-associated mRNA populations in individual cell types. The application of these methods has lead to a clearer understanding of important issues in plant biology, including cell fate specification and cell type-specific responses to the environment. In this review, we discuss current mechanical- and affinity-based technologies available for isolation and analysis of individual cell types in a plant. The integration of these methods is proposed as a means of achieving a holistic view of cellular processes at all levels, from chromatin dynamics to metabolomics. Finally, we explore the limitations of current methods and the needs for future technological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - E. Shannon Mills
- Graduate program in Genetics and Molecular Biology of the Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roger B. Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Rosa EA, Lanza SR, Zanetti CR, Pinto AR. Immunophenotyping of classic murine myeloma cell lines used for monoclonal antibody production. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:1-6. [PMID: 22316479 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Murine myeloma cell lines play an important role in different areas of scientific research and are essential tools for monoclonal antibody production technology. Thus, it is important to understand the biology of these cell lines in order to provide useful information to various research fronts. The present study aims to perform detailed analyses of surface antigens expressed on three major murine myeloma cell lines extensively used for MAb production. The P3X63Ag8.653 cell line expresses molecules associated with T cell interaction (CD40(low), CD80(low)), as well as antigens related to plasma cell phenotype (CD138(high), CD184(low)). The Sp2/0-Ag14 cell line presents molecules associated with BCR activation and regulation (CD79b(low), CD22(low), CD72(med)), molecules related to T cell interaction (CD40(low), CD80(low)), and markers of plasma cell phenotype (CD138(high), CD184(low)). The NS1 cell line presents all molecules of plasma cell phenotype evaluated in this study (CD184(low), CD138(high), CD38(med)) with low expression of CD72 (CD72(low)), a molecule related to BCR activation. Molecules associated with immune response modulation such as CD23 and CD25, as well as CD117, a marker related to undifferentiated cell phenotype, were not observed in any of the three murine myeloma cell lines evaluated. These data show that in spite of their common origin and function, the immunological profiles differ between P3X63Ag8.653, Sp2/0-Ag14, and NS1 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Shoreibah MG, Jackson CL, Price PW, Meagher R, Godwin AK, Cai Q, Gildersleeve JC. Anti-human embryonic stem cell monoclonal antibody Hesca-2 binds to a glycan epitope commonly found on carcinomas. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:515-25. [PMID: 20887211 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesca-2, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) IgM raised to the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line BG-01v, binds with high affinity (nM) to the disaccharide epitope (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) on a glycan microarray. This epitope was expressed on pluripotent progenitor hESCs in culture, but not in various differentiated cells derived from hESC based on immunofluorescence microscopy. Hesca-2 stains a limited subset of cells in adult human tissues (eg, esophagus and breast). This mAb also crossreacts in immunofluorescence microscopy studies with several human ovarian cancer cell lines and is cytotoxic to them based on the release of cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase into the media. Hesca-2 immunohistochemically stained tissue from a number of human tumors, including ovary, breast, colon, and esophageal cancer. These data suggest that Hesca-2 recognizes a surface marker found both in stem cells and certain cancer cells.
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Kandasamy MK, McKinney EC, Deal RB, Smith AP, Meagher RB. Arabidopsis actin-related protein ARP5 in multicellular development and DNA repair. Dev Biol 2009; 335:22-32. [PMID: 19679120 PMCID: PMC2778271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Actin-related protein 5 (ARP5) is a conserved subunit of the INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex in yeast and mammals. We have characterized the expression and subcellular distribution of Arabidopsis thaliana ARP5 and explored its role in the epigenetic control of multicellular development and DNA repair. ARP5-specific monoclonal antibodies localized ARP5 protein to the nucleoplasm of interphase cells in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum. ARP5 promoter-reporter fusions and the ARP5 protein are ubiquitously expressed. A null mutant and a severe knockdown allele produced moderately dwarfed plants with all organs smaller than the wild type. The small and slightly deformed organs such as leaves and hypocotyls were composed of small-sized cells. The ratio of leaf stomata to epidermal cells was high in the mutant, which also exhibited a delayed stomatal development compared with the wild type. Mutant plants were hypersensitive to DNA-damaging reagents including hydroxyurea, methylmethane sulfonate, and bleocin, demonstrating a role for ARP5 in DNA repair. Interestingly, the hypersensitivity phenotype of ARP5 null allele arp5-1 is stronger than the severe knockdown allele arp5-2. Moreover, a wild-type transgene fully complemented all developmental and DNA repair mutant phenotypes. Despite the common participation of both ARP4 and ARP5 in the INO80 complex, ARP4- and ARP5-deficient plants displayed only a small subset of common phenotypes and each displayed novel phenotypes, suggesting that in Arabidopsis they have both shared and unique functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth C. McKinney
- Department of Genetics, Davison Life Sciences Complex, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Roger B. Deal
- Department of Genetics, Davison Life Sciences Complex, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Aaron P. Smith
- Department of Genetics, Davison Life Sciences Complex, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Richard B. Meagher
- Department of Genetics, Davison Life Sciences Complex, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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