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Dziedzic I, Voronkina A, Pajewska-Szmyt M, Kotula M, Kubiak A, Meissner H, Duminis T, Ehrlich H. The Loss of Structural Integrity of 3D Chitin Scaffolds from Aplysina aerophoba Marine Demosponge after Treatment with LiOH. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:334. [PMID: 37367659 DOI: 10.3390/md21060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminopolysaccharide chitin is one of the main structural biopolymers in sponges that is responsible for the mechanical stability of their unique 3D-structured microfibrous and porous skeletons. Chitin in representatives of exclusively marine Verongiida demosponges exists in the form of biocomposite-based scaffolds chemically bounded with biominerals, lipids, proteins, and bromotyrosines. Treatment with alkalis remains one of the classical approaches to isolate pure chitin from the sponge skeleton. For the first time, we carried out extraction of multilayered, tube-like chitin from skeletons of cultivated Aplysina aerophoba demosponge using 1% LiOH solution at 65 °C following sonication. Surprisingly, this approach leads not only to the isolation of chitinous scaffolds but also to their dissolution and the formation of amorphous-like matter. Simultaneously, isofistularin-containing extracts have been obtained. Due to the absence of any changes between the chitin standard derived from arthropods and the sponge-derived chitin treated with LiOH under the same experimental conditions, we suggest that bromotyrosines in A. aerophoba sponge represent the target for lithium ion activity with respect to the formation of LiBr. This compound, however, is a well-recognized solubilizing reagent of diverse biopolymers including cellulose and chitosan. We propose a possible dissolution mechanism of this very special kind of sponge chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Dziedzic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alona Voronkina
- Department of Pharmacy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Pirogov Str. 56, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Martyna Pajewska-Szmyt
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Kotula
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anita Kubiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Heike Meissner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomas Duminis
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Li M, Tang J, Yuan M, Huang B, Liu Y, Wei L, Han Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Yu G, Sang X, Fan N, Cai S, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Wang X. Outer fold is sole effective tissue among three mantle folds with regard to oyster shell colour. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124655. [PMID: 37121412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Molluscs constitute the second largest phylum of animals in the world, and shell colour is one of their most important phenotypic characteristics. In this study, we found among three folds on the mantle edge of oyster, only the outer fold had the same colour as the shell. Transcriptome and mantle cutting experiment indicated that the outer fold may be mainly reflected in chitin framework formation and biomineralisation. There were obvious differences in SEM structure and protein composition between the black and white shell periostraca. The black shell periostraca had more proteins related to melanin biosynthesis and chitin binding. Additionally, we identified an uncharacterized protein gene (named as CgCBP) ultra-highly expressed only in the black outer fold and confirmed its function of chitin-binding and CaCO3 precipitation promoting. RNAi also indicated that CgCBP knockdown could change the structure of shell periostracum and reduce shell pigmentation. All these results suggest that the mantle outer fold plays multiple key roles in shell periostraca bioprocessing, and shell periostracum structure affected by chitin-binding protein is functionally correlated with shell pigmentation. The investigation of oyster shell periostracum structure and shell colour will provide a better understanding in pigmentation during biological mineralisation in molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Juyan Tang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | | | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yijing Han
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Guoxu Yu
- Changdao National Marine Park Management Center, Yantai, China
| | - Xiuxiu Sang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Nini Fan
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Shuai Cai
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yanxin Zheng
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China.
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3
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RNAi Silencing of the Biomineralization Gene Perlucin Impairs Oyster Ability to Cope with Ocean Acidification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043661. [PMID: 36835072 PMCID: PMC9961701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcifying marine organisms, including the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), are vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA) because it is more difficult to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Previous investigations of the molecular mechanisms associated with resilience to OA in C. virginica demonstrated significant differences in single nucleotide polymorphism and gene expression profiles among oysters reared under ambient and OA conditions. Converged evidence generated by both of these approaches highlighted the role of genes related to biomineralization, including perlucins. Here, gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) was used to evaluate the protective role of a perlucin gene under OA stress. Larvae were exposed to short dicer-substrate small interfering RNA (DsiRNA-perlucin) to silence the target gene or to one of two control treatments (control DsiRNA or seawater) before cultivation under OA (pH ~7.3) or ambient (pH ~8.2) conditions. Two transfection experiments were performed in parallel, one during fertilization and one during early larval development (6 h post-fertilization), before larval viability, size, development, and shell mineralization were monitored. Silenced oysters under acidification stress were the smallest, had shell abnormalities, and had significantly reduced shell mineralization, thereby suggesting that perlucin significantly helps larvae mitigate the effects of OA.
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Schwaner C, Farhat S, Barbosa M, Boutet I, Tanguy A, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Molecular Features Associated with Resilience to Ocean Acidification in the Northern Quahog, Mercenaria mercenaria. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:83-99. [PMID: 36417051 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and resulting flux into the oceans will further exacerbate acidification already threatening coastal marine ecosystems. The subsequent alterations in carbonate chemistry can have deleterious impacts on many economically and ecologically important species including the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria). The accelerated pace of these changes requires an understanding of how or if species and populations will be able to acclimate or adapt to such swift environmental alterations. Thus far, studies have primarily focused on the physiological effects of ocean acidification (OA) on M. mercenaria, including reductions in growth and survival. However, the molecular mechanisms of resilience to OA in this species remains unclear. Clam gametes were fertilized under normal pCO2 and reared under acidified (pH ~ 7.5, pCO2 ~ 1200 ppm) or control (pH ~ 7.9, pCO2 ~ 600 ppm) conditions before sampled at 2 days (larvae), 32 days (postsets), 5 and 10 months (juveniles) and submitted to RNA and DNA sequencing to evaluate alterations in gene expression and genetic variations. Results showed significant shift in gene expression profiles among clams reared in acidified conditions as compared to their respective controls. At 10 months of exposure, significant shifts in allele frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Both approaches highlighted genes coding for proteins related to shell formation, bicarbonate transport, cytoskeleton, immunity/stress, and metabolism, illustrating the role these pathways play in resilience to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schwaner
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Sarah Farhat
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Michelle Barbosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Isabelle Boutet
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA.
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Shimizu K, Negishi L, Ito T, Touma S, Matsumoto T, Awaji M, Kurumizaka H, Yoshitake K, Kinoshita S, Asakawa S, Suzuki M. Evolution of nacre- and prisms-related shell matrix proteins in the pen shell, Atrina pectinata. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 44:101025. [PMID: 36075178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The molluscan shell is a good model for understanding the mechanisms underlying biomineralization. It is composed of calcium carbonate crystals and many types of organic molecules, such as the matrix proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. The pen shell Atrina pectinata (Pterioida, Pinnidae) has two shell microstructures: an outer prismatic layer and an inner nacreous layer. Similar microstructures are well known in pearl oysters (Pteriidae), such as Pinctada fucata, and many kinds of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have been identified from their shells. However, the members of SMPs that consist of the nacreous and prismatic layers of Pinnidae bivalves remain unclear. In this study, we identified 114 SMPs in the nacreous and prismatic layers of A. pectinata, of which only seven were found in both microstructures. 54 of them were found to bind calcium carbonate. Comparative analysis of nine molluscan shell proteomes showed that 69 of 114 SMPs of A. pectinata were found to have sequential similarity with at least one or more SMPs of other molluscan species. For instance, nacrein, tyrosinase, Pif/BMSP-like, chitinase (CN), chitin-binding proteins, CD109, and Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitors are widely shared among bivalves and gastropods. Our results provide new insights for understanding the complex evolution of SMPs related to nacreous and prismatic layer formation in the pteriomorph bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takumi Ito
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shogo Touma
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshie Matsumoto
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 422-1 Nakatsuhama, Minami-Ise, Watarai, Mie 516-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Awaji
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 422-1 Nakatsuhama, Minami-Ise, Watarai, Mie 516-0193, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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6
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de Muizon CJ, Iandolo D, Nguyen DK, Al-Mourabit A, Rousseau M. Organic Matrix and Secondary Metabolites in Nacre. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:831-842. [PMID: 36057751 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nacre, also called mother-of-pearl, is a naturally occurring biomineral, largely studied by chemists, structural biologists, and physicists to understand its outstanding and diverse properties. Nacre is constituted of aragonite nanograins surrounded by organic matrix, and it has been established that the organic matrix is responsible for initiating and guiding the biomineralization process. The first challenge to study the organic matrix of nacre lays in its separation from the biomineral. Several extraction methods have been developed so far. They are categorized as either strong (e.g., decalcification) or soft (e.g., water, ethanol) and they allow specific extractions of targeted compounds. The structure of the nacreous organic matrix is complex, and it provides interesting clues to describe the mineralization process. Proteins, sugars, lipids, peptides, and other molecules have been identified and their role in mineralization investigated. Moreover, the organic matrix of nacre has shown interesting properties for human health. Several studies are investigating its activity on bone mineralization and its properties for skin care. In this review, we focus on the organic constituents, as lipids, sugars, and small metabolites which are less studied since present in small quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Jourdain de Muizon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- STANSEA, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Donata Iandolo
- UMR5510 MATEIS, CNRS, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Dung Kim Nguyen
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Ali Al-Mourabit
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marthe Rousseau
- UMR5510 MATEIS, CNRS, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France.
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
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7
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Zhang Y, Mao F, Xiao S, Yu H, Xiang Z, Xu F, Li J, Wang L, Xiong Y, Chen M, Bao Y, Deng Y, Huo Q, Zhang L, Liu W, Li X, Ma H, Zhang Y, Mu X, Liu M, Zheng H, Wong NK, Yu Z. Comparative Genomics Reveals Evolutionary Drivers of Sessile Life and Left-right Shell Asymmetry in Bivalves. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:1078-1091. [PMID: 35091095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves are species-rich mollusks with prominent protective roles in coastal ecosystems. Across these ancient lineages, colony-founding larvae anchor themselves either by byssus production or by cemented attachment. The latter mode of sessile life is strongly molded by left-right shell asymmetry during larval development of Ostreoida oysters such as Crassostrea hongkongensis. Here, we sequenced the genome of C. hongkongensis in high resolution and compared it to reference bivalve genomes to unveil genomic determinants driving cemented attachment and shell asymmetry. Importantly, loss of the homeobox gene Antennapedia (Antp) and broad expansion of lineage-specific extracellular gene families are implicated in a shift from byssal to cemented attachment in bivalves. Comparative transcriptomic analysis shows a conspicuous divergence between left-right asymmetrical C. hongkongensis and symmetrical Pinctada fucata in their expression profiles. Especially, a couple of orthologous transcription factor genes and lineage-specific shell-related gene families including that encoding tyrosinases are elevated, and may cooperatively govern asymmetrical shell formation in Ostreoida oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Fan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101301, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Fei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101301, China
| | - Yuanyan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mengqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Quan Huo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066044, China
| | - Lvping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xuming Li
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101301, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xiyu Mu
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101301, China
| | - Min Liu
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101301, China
| | - Hongkun Zheng
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101301, China.
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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8
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Hall MR, Gracey AY. Single-Larva RNA Sequencing Identifies Markers of Copper Toxicity and Exposure in Early Mytilus californianus Larvae. Front Physiol 2021; 12:647482. [PMID: 34955868 PMCID: PMC8696127 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.647482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges facing efforts to generate molecular biomarkers for toxins is distinguishing between markers that are indicative of exposure and markers that provide evidence of the effects of toxicity. Phenotypic anchoring provides an approach to help segregate markers into these categories based on some phenotypic index of toxicity. Here we leveraged the mussel embryo-larval toxicity assay in which toxicity is estimated by the fraction of larvae that exhibit an abnormal morphology, to isolate subsets of larvae that were abnormal and thus showed evidence of copper-toxicity, versus others that while exposed to copper exhibited normal morphology. Mussel larvae reared under control conditions or in the presence of increasing levels of copper (3-15 μg/L Cu2+) were physically sorted according to whether their morphology was normal or abnormal, and then profiled using RNAseq. Supervised differential expression analysis identified sets of genes whose differential expression was specific to the pools of abnormal larvae versus normal larvae, providing putative markers of copper toxicity versus exposure. Markers of copper exposure and copper-induced abnormality were involved in many of the same pathways, including development, shell formation, cell adhesion, and oxidative stress, yet unique markers were detected in each gene set. Markers of effect appeared to be more resolving between phenotypes at the lower copper concentration, while markers of exposure were informative at both copper concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Y Gracey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Ma H, Liu L, Yu J, Fan Y. One-Step Preparation of Chitin Nanofiber Dispersion in Full pH Surroundings Using Recyclable Solid Oxalic Acid and Evaluation of Redispersed Performance. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4373-4382. [PMID: 34477363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed an efficient and economical preparation pathway from purified chitin to nanofibers that can be dispersed in full pH surroundings. Recyclable oxalic acid was applied to prepare chitin nanofibers in a mild environment along with concurrent modifications of the carboxylic groups on the surface. Pretreatment with oxalic acid significantly improved the mechanical disintegration of chitin into nanofibers, the length of nanofibers reached ∼1100 nm, and the crystallinity and thermal stability of the chitin were basically unchanged with mild treatment. Oxalic acid can be reused many times with a high recovery of over 91%. Most importantly, the obtained nanofibers can be fabricated into films and hydrogels with certain mechanical properties, which can be redispersed into nanofibers using mild mechanical treatment. This method not only produces nanofibers in a green, reusable system but also provides a reference for the potential application of chitin nanofibers in commercial transportation and wide applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhong Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
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10
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Easter QT. Biopolymer hydroxyapatite composite materials: Adding fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to the characterization toolkit. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T. Easter
- Department of Innovation and Technology Research ADA Science & Research Institute Gaithersburg MD USA
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11
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Takeuchi T, Fujie M, Koyanagi R, Plasseraud L, Ziegler-Devin I, Brosse N, Broussard C, Satoh N, Marin F. The 'Shellome' of the Crocus Clam Tridacna crocea Emphasizes Essential Components of Mollusk Shell Biomineralization. Front Genet 2021; 12:674539. [PMID: 34168677 PMCID: PMC8217771 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.674539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Molluscan shells are among the most fascinating research objects because of their diverse morphologies and textures. The formation of these delicate biomineralized structures is a matrix-mediated process. A question that arises is what are the essential components required to build these exoskeletons. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of molluscan shell formation, it is crucial to identify organic macromolecules in different shells from diverse taxa. In the case of bivalves, however, taxon sampling in previous shell proteomics studies are focused predominantly on representatives of the class Pteriomorphia such as pearl oysters, edible oysters and mussels. In this study, we have characterized the shell organic matrix from the crocus clam, Tridacna crocea, (Heterodonta) using various biochemical techniques, including SDS-PAGE, FT-IR, monosaccharide analysis, and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Furthermore, we have identified a number of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) using a comprehensive proteomics approach combined to RNA-seq. The biochemical studies confirmed the presence of proteins, polysaccharides, and sulfates in the T. crocea shell organic matrix. Proteomics analysis revealed that the majority of the T. crocea SMPs are novel and dissimilar to known SMPs identified from the other bivalve species. Meanwhile, the SMP repertoire of the crocus clam also includes proteins with conserved functional domains such as chitin-binding domain, VWA domain, and protease inhibitor domain. We also identified BMSP (Blue Mussel Shell Protein, originally reported from Mytilus), which is widely distributed among molluscan shell matrix proteins. Tridacna SMPs also include low-complexity regions (LCRs) that are absent in the other molluscan genomes, indicating that these genes may have evolved in specific lineage. These results highlight the diversity of the organic molecules – in particular proteins – that are essential for molluscan shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takeuchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujie
- DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Koyanagi
- DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Laurent Plasseraud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Faculté des Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Ziegler-Devin
- LERMAB, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies - Campus Aiguillettes, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- LERMAB, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies - Campus Aiguillettes, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Broussard
- 3P5 Proteomic Platform, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Bâtiment des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
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12
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Hyaluronan Synthases' Expression and Activity Are Induced by Fluid Shear Stress in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063123. [PMID: 33803805 PMCID: PMC8003268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During biomineralization, the cells generating the biominerals must be able to sense the external physical stimuli exerted by the growing mineralized tissue and change their intracellular protein composition according to these stimuli. In molluscan shell, the myosin-chitin synthases have been suggested to be the link for this communication between cells and the biomaterial. Hyaluronan synthases (HAS) belong to the same enzyme family as chitin synthases. Their product hyaluronan (HA) occurs in the bone and is supposed to have a regulatory function during bone regeneration. We hypothesize that HASes’ expression and activity are controlled by fluid-induced mechanotransduction as it is known for molluscan chitin synthases. In this study, bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were exposed to fluid shear stress of 10 Pa. The RNA transcriptome was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq). HA concentrations in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. The cellular structure of hMSCs and HAS2-overexpressing hMSCs was investigated after treatment with shear stress using confocal microscopy. Fluid shear stress upregulated the expression of genes that encode proteins belonging to the HA biosynthesis and bone mineralization pathways. The HAS activity appeared to be induced. Knowledge about the regulation mechanism governing HAS expression, trafficking, enzymatic activation and quality of the HA product in hMSCs is essential to understand the biological role of HA in the bone microenvironment.
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13
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Montroni D, Sparla F, Fermani S, Falini G. Influence of proteins on mechanical properties of a natural chitin-protein composite. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:81-90. [PMID: 32439612 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In many biogenic materials, chitin chains are assembled in fibrils that are wrapped by a protein fold. In them, the mechanical properties are supposed to be related to intra- and inter- interactions among chitin and proteins. This hypothesis has been poorly investigated. Here, this research theme is studied using the pen of Loligo vulgaris as a model material of chitin-protein composites. Chemical treatments were used to change the interactions involving only the proteic phase, through unfolding and/or degradation processes. Successively, structural and mechanical parameters were examined using spectroscopy, microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and tensile tests. The data analysis showed that chemical treatments did not modify the structure of the chitin matrix. This allowed to derive from the mechanical test analysis the following conclusions: (i) the maximum stress (σmax) relies on the presence of the disulfide bonds; (ii) the Young's modulus (E) relies on the overall correct folding of the proteins; (iii) the whole removal of proteins induces a decrease of E (> 90%) and σmax (> 80%), and an increase in the maximum elongation. These observations indicate that in the chitin matrix the proteins act as a strengthener, which efficacy is controlled by the presence of disulfide bridges. This reinforcement links the chitin fibrils avoiding them to slide one on the other and maximizing their resistance and stiffness. In conclusion, this knowledge can explain the physio-chemical properties of other biogenic polymeric composites and inspire the design of new materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To date, no study has addressed on how proteins influence chitin-composite material's mechanical properties. Here we show that the Young's modulus and the maximum stress mainly rely on protein disulfide bonds, the inter-proteins ones and those controlling the folding of chitin-binding domains. The removal of protein matrix induce a reduction of Young's modulus and maximum stress, leaving the chitin matrix structurally unaltered. The measure of the maximum elongation shows that the chitin fibrils slide on each other only after removing the protein matrix. In conclusion, this research shows that the proteins act as a stiff matrix reinforced by di-sulfide bridges that link crystalline chitin fibrils avoiding them to slide one on the other.
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14
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Lang A, Mijowska S, Polishchuk I, Fermani S, Falini G, Katsman A, Marin F, Pokroy B. Acidic Monosaccharides become Incorporated into Calcite Single Crystals*. Chemistry 2020; 26:16860-16868. [PMID: 33405235 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, along with proteins and peptides, are known to represent a major class of biomacromolecules involved in calcium carbonate biomineralization. However, in spite of multiple physical and biochemical characterizations, the explicit role of saccharide macromolecules (long chains of carbohydrate molecules) in mineral deposition is not yet understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of two common acidic monosaccharides (MSs), the two simplest forms of acidic carbohydrates, namely glucuronic and galacturonic acids, on the formation of calcite crystals in vitro. We show here that the size, morphology, and microstructure of calcite crystals are altered when they are grown in the presence of these MSs. More importantly, these MSs were found to become incorporated into the calcite crystalline lattice and induce anisotropic lattice distortions, a phenomenon widely studied for other biomolecules related to CaCO3 biomineralization, but never before reported in the case of single MSs. Changes in the calcite lattice induced by MSs incorporation were precisely determined by high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. We believe that the results of this research may deepen our understanding of the interaction of saccharide polymers with an inorganic host and shed light on the implications of carbohydrates for biomineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Lang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sylwia Mijowska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simona Fermani
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bologna, 2 Via Selmi, 40126, Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bologna, 2 Via Selmi, 40126, Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Alexander Katsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogeosciences, University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
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15
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Morimoto Y, Takahashi S, Isoda Y, Nokami T, Fukamizo T, Suginta W, Ohnuma T. Kinetic and thermodynamic insights into the inhibitory mechanism of TMG-chitotriomycin on Vibrio campbellii GH20 exo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108201. [PMID: 33243428 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the inhibition kinetics of VhGlcNAcase, a GH20 exo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) from the marine bacterium Vibrio campbellii (formerly V. harveyi) ATCC BAA-1116, using TMG-chitotriomycin, a natural enzyme inhibitor specific for GH20 GlcNAcases from chitin-processing organisms, with p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) as the substrate. TMG-chitotriomycin inhibited VhGlcNAcase with an IC50 of 3.0 ± 0.7 μM. Using Dixon plots, the inhibition kinetics indicated that TMG-chitotriomycin is a competitive inhibitor, with an inhibition constant Ki of 2.2 ± 0.3 μM. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments provided the thermodynamic parameters for the binding of TMG-chitotriomycin to VhGlcNAcase and revealed that binding was driven by both favorable enthalpy and entropy changes (ΔH° = -2.5 ± 0.1 kcal/mol and -TΔS° = -5.8 ± 0.3 kcal/mol), resulting in a free energy change, ΔG°, of -8.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol. Dissection of the entropic term showed that a favorable solvation entropy change (-TΔSsolv° = -16 ± 2 kcal/mol) is the main contributor to the entropic term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shuji Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Isoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan; School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Tumbol Payupnai, Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Wipa Suginta
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Tumbol Payupnai, Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara, Japan.
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16
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Liu Z, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Song X, Wang W, Zheng Y, Zong Y, Lv Z, Song L. Ocean acidification inhibits initial shell formation of oyster larvae by suppressing the biosynthesis of serotonin and dopamine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139469. [PMID: 32498014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification has severely affected the initial shell formation of marine bivalves during their larval stages. In the present study, it was found that dopamine (DA) content in early D-shape larvae was significantly higher than that in trochophore and D-shape larvae, while the serotonin (5-HT) content in early D-shape larvae and D-shape larvae was obviously higher than that in trochophore. Incubation of trochophore with 5-HT or DA could accelerate the formation of calcified shell, and the treatments with selective antagonists of receptors for 5-HT and DA (Cg5-HTR-1 and CgD1DR-1) obviously inhibited the formation of calcified shells. When oyster larvae were subjected to an experimental acidified treatment (pH 7.4), the biosynthesis of 5-HT and DA was inhibited, while the mRNA expression levels of the components in TGF-β pathway were significantly up-regulated in D-shape larvae. Moreover, the phosphorylation of TIR and the translocation of smad4 were hindered upon acidification treatments, and the expression patterns of chitinase and tyrosinase were completely reverted. These results collectively suggested that monoamine neurotransmitters 5-HT and DA could modulate the initial shell formation in oyster larvae through TGF-β smad pathway by regulating the expression of tyrosinase and chitinase to guarantee the chitin synthesis for shell formation. CO2-induced seawater acidification could suppress the biosynthesis of 5-HT and DA, as well as the activation of TGF-β smad pathway, which would subvert the expression patterns of chitinase and tyrosinase and cause the failure of initial shell formation in oyster early D-shape larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanan Zong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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17
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Sudatta BP, Sugumar V, Varma R, Nigariga P. Extraction, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan from pen shell, Pinna bicolor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:423-430. [PMID: 32629046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer discovered abundantly on earth specifically in the exoskeleton of shrimps, crabs and insects. In the present study, isolation and characterization of chitosan from the pen shell Pinna bicolor was carried out. In addition to this, the chitosan acquired from the pen shell was tested for its antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of NH out of plane bending (872 cm-1) and C-O-C stretching (1016 cm-1) for chitosan with 59.76% degree of deacetylation. The Micro Raman showed peaks at 1658 cm-1, 1595 cm-1 and at 954 cm-1 corresponding to chitosan. The XRD was able to establish the crystallinity of the chitosan sample with a maximum peak at 29.3°. The elemental analysis of chitosan sample confirmed higher level of carbon (10.75%) when compared to other elements such as nitrogen, hydrogen and sulphur. The antimicrobial activity of extracted chitosan was evident with greater zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi (20 mm) and least against Shigella dysenteriae. Thus, the present study unravels the properties of chitosan extracted from P. bicolor thereby paving way for its further use in the field of biomedical science and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Sudatta
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Sugumar
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Rahul Varma
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Nigariga
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamilnadu, India
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18
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Chapman EC, Bonsor BJ, Parsons DR, Rotchell JM. Influence of light and temperature cycles on the expression of circadian clock genes in the mussel Mytilus edulis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:104960. [PMID: 32250881 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clock genes and environmental cues regulate essential biological rhythms. The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is an ecologically and economically important intertidal bivalve undergoing seasonal reproductive rhythms. We previously identified seasonal expression differences in M. edulis clock genes. Herein, the effects of light/dark cycles, constant darkness, and daily temperature cycles on the circadian expression patterns of such genes are characterised. Clock genes Clk, Cry1, ROR/HR3, Per and Rev-erb/NR1D1, and Timeout-like, show significant mRNA expression variation, persisting in darkness indicating endogenous control. Rhythmic expression was apparent under diurnal temperature cycles in darkness for all except Rev-erb. Temperature cycles induced a significant expression difference in the non-circadian clock-associated gene aaNAT. Furthermore, Suppression Subtractive Hybridisation (SSH) was used to identify seasonal genes with potential links to molecular clock function and revealed numerous genes meriting further investigation. Understanding the relationship between environmental cues and molecular clocks is crucial in predicting the outcomes of environmental change on fundamental rhythmic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Chapman
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Brodie J Bonsor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Parsons
- Department of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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19
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Proteomic investigation of the blue mussel larval shell organic matrix. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:107385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Miglioli A, Dumollard R, Balbi T, Besnardeau L, Canesi L. Characterization of the main steps in first shell formation in Mytilus galloprovincialis: possible role of tyrosinase. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192043. [PMID: 31771478 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bivalve biomineralization is a highly complex and organized process, involving several molecular components identified in adults and larval stages. However, information is still scarce on the ontogeny of the organic matrix before calcification occurs. In this work, first shell formation was investigated in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The time course of organic matrix and CaCO3 deposition were followed at close times post fertilization (24, 26, 29, 32, 48 h) by calcofluor and calcein staining, respectively. Both components showed an exponential trend in growth, with a delay between organic matrix and CaCO3 deposition. mRNA levels of genes involved in matrix deposition (chitin synthase; tyrosinase- TYR) and calcification (carbonic anhydrase; extrapallial protein) were quantified by qPCR at 24 and 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) with respect to eggs. All transcripts were upregulated across early development, with TYR showing highest mRNA levels from 24 hpf. TYR transcripts were closely associated with matrix deposition as shown by in situ hybridization. The involvement of tyrosinase activity was supported by data obtained with the enzyme inhibitor N-phenylthiourea. Our results underline the pivotal role of shell matrix in driving first CaCO3 deposition and the importance of tyrosinase in the formation of the first shell in M. galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miglioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, DISTAV, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.,Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - R Dumollard
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - T Balbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, DISTAV, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - L Besnardeau
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - L Canesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, DISTAV, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
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21
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Kapsenberg L, Miglioli A, Bitter MC, Tambutté E, Dumollard R, Gattuso JP. Ocean pH fluctuations affect mussel larvae at key developmental transitions. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:20182381. [PMID: 30963891 PMCID: PMC6304040 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal marine ecosystems experience dynamic fluctuations in seawater carbonate chemistry. The importance of this variation in the context of ocean acidification requires knowing what aspect of variability biological processes respond to. We conducted four experiments (ranging from 3 to 22 days) with different variability regimes (pHT 7.4-8.1) assessing the impact of diel fluctuations in carbonate chemistry on the early development of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Larval shell growth was consistently correlated to mean exposures, regardless of variability regimes, indicating that calcification responds instantaneously to seawater chemistry. Larval development was impacted by timing of exposure, revealing sensitivity of two developmental processes: development of the shell field, and transition from the first to the second larval shell. Fluorescent staining revealed developmental delay of the shell field at low pH, and abnormal development thereof was correlated with hinge defects in D-veligers. This study shows, for the first time, that ocean acidification affects larval soft-tissue development, independent from calcification. Multiple developmental processes additively underpin the teratogenic effect of ocean acidification on bivalve larvae. These results explain why trochophores are the most sensitive life-history stage in marine bivalves and suggest that short-term variability in carbonate chemistry can impact early larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kapsenberg
- 1 Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 181 chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer , France
| | - A Miglioli
- 1 Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 181 chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer , France.,3 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, DISTAV , Università di Genova, Genova , Italy
| | - M C Bitter
- 4 Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - E Tambutté
- 5 Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco , 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC98000, Monaco , Monaco
| | - R Dumollard
- 2 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 181 chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer , France
| | - J-P Gattuso
- 1 Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 181 chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer , France.,6 Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations , Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, 75007 Paris , France
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Song X, Huang S, Wang L, Song L. The Inhibition of Ocean Acidification on the Formation of Oyster Calcified Shell by Regulating the Expression of Cgchs1 and Cgchit4. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1034. [PMID: 31474874 PMCID: PMC6705186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of a calcified shell is critical for the development of oyster larvae. This process can be severely inhibited by CO2-induced ocean acidification, causing mass mortality of oyster larvae. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of such process has not been well explored until now. In the present study, a homolog of chitin synthase (named as Cgchs1) and a homolog of chitinase (named as Cgchit4) were identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The cDNA sequences of Cgchs1 and Cgchit4 were of 813 bp and 2118 bp, encoding a putative polypeptide of 271 amino acids and 706 amino acids, respectively. There were a Chitin_synth_2 domain and a Glyco_18 domain in the inferred amino acid sequences of Cgchs1 and Cgchit4, respectively. Both Cgchs1 and Cgchit4 shared high sequence identity with their homologs in vertebrates. In addition, when oyster larvae were exposed to acidification treatment (pH 7.4), their shell biosynthesis process was seriously restrained. The expression level of Cgchs1 mRNA was significantly suppressed while that of Cgchit4 was dramatically activated upon acidification treatment. Cgchs1 and Cgchit4 are critical enzymes for chitin metabolism, and such changes in their mRNA expression could result in the decrease of chitin content in oyster larvae's shells, which might lead to the failure of shell formation. Therefore, results in the present study suggested that acidified seawater might inhibit the formation of oyster calcified shell by suppressing the biosynthesis of chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Liao Z, Jiang YT, Sun Q, Fan MH, Wang JX, Liang HY. Microstructure and in-depth proteomic analysis of Perna viridis shell. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219699. [PMID: 31323046 PMCID: PMC6641155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For understanding the structural characteristics and the proteome of Perna shell, the microstructure, polymorph, and protein composition of the adult Perna viridis shell were investigated. The P. viridis shell have two distinct mineral layers, myostracum and nacre, with the same calcium carbonate polymorph of aragonite, determined by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray crystalline diffraction. Using Illumina sequencing, the mantle transcriptome of P. viridis was investigated and a total of 69,859 unigenes was generated. Using a combined proteomic/transcriptomic approach, a total of 378 shell proteins from P. viridis shell were identified, in which, 132 shell proteins identified with more than two matched unique peptides. Of the 132 shell proteins, 69 are exclusive to the nacre, 12 to the myostracum, and 51 are shared by both. The Myosin-tail domain containing proteins, Filament-like proteins, and Chitin-binding domain containing proteins represent the most abundant molecules. In addition, the shell matrix proteins (SMPs) containing biomineralization-related domains, such as Kunitz, A2M, WAP, EF-hand, PDZ, VWA, Collagen domain, and low complexity regions with abundant certain amino acids, were also identified from P. viridis shell. Collagenase and chitinase degradation can significantly change the morphology of the shell, indicating the important roles of collagen and chitin in the shell formation and the muscle-shell attachment. Our results present for the first time the proteome of P. viridis shell and increase the knowledge of SMPs in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Source and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu-ting Jiang
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Source and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Source and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mei-hua Fan
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Source and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-xin Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Source and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hai-ying Liang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Zhao R, Takeuchi T, Luo YJ, Ishikawa A, Kobayashi T, Koyanagi R, Villar-Briones A, Yamada L, Sawada H, Iwanaga S, Nagai K, Satoh N, Endo K. Dual Gene Repertoires for Larval and Adult Shells Reveal Molecules Essential for Molluscan Shell Formation. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:2751-2761. [PMID: 30169718 PMCID: PMC6231486 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molluscan shells, mainly composed of calcium carbonate, also contain organic components such as proteins and polysaccharides. Shell organic matrices construct frameworks of shell structures and regulate crystallization processes during shell formation. To date, a number of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have been identified, and their functions in shell formation have been studied. However, previous studies focused only on SMPs extracted from adult shells, secreted after metamorphosis. Using proteomic analyses combined with genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we have identified 31 SMPs from larval shells of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, and 111 from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Larval SMPs are almost entirely different from those of adults in both species. RNA-seq data also confirm that gene expression profiles for larval and adult shell formation are nearly completely different. Therefore, bivalves have two repertoires of SMP genes to construct larval and adult shells. Despite considerable differences in larval and adult SMPs, some functional domains are shared by both SMP repertoires. Conserved domains include von Willebrand factor type A (VWA), chitin-binding (CB), carbonic anhydrase (CA), and acidic domains. These conserved domains are thought to play crucial roles in shell formation. Furthermore, a comprehensive survey of animal genomes revealed that the CA and VWA-CB domain-containing protein families expanded in molluscs after their separation from other Lophotrochozoan linages such as the Brachiopoda. After gene expansion, some family members were co-opted for molluscan SMPs that may have triggered to develop mineralized shells from ancestral, nonmineralized chitinous exoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takeuchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yi-Jyun Luo
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Akito Ishikawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Koyanagi
- DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Alejandro Villar-Briones
- Instrumental Analysis Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Lixy Yamada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, Toba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sawada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, Toba, Japan
| | | | - Kiyohito Nagai
- Pearl Research Institute, Mikimoto CO., LTD, Shima, Mie, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Endo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Hichin, a chitin binding protein is essential for the self-assembly of organic frameworks and calcium carbonate during shell formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:745-751. [PMID: 31152837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Shell biomineralization is a process where inorganic minerals accumulate upon a chitinous scaffold under the control of multifunctional matrix proteins. In this study, we cloned a novel matrix protein gene from the mantle of Hyriopsis cumingii. The predicted protein, hichin, contains a chitin-binding domain and exhibited the highest expressional level in mantle tissue, with positive signals mainly detected in dorsal epithelial cells of the pallial mantle according to in situ hybridization, indicating its possible involvement in shell nacreous layer biomineralization. RNA interference showed that hichin suppression induced disordered self-assembly of the insoluble framework in the nacreous layer, and that the newly formed calcium carbonate crystals could not bind to organic frameworks. Furthermore, hichin was primarily responsible for building the framework during initial nacre deposition in pearl formation. Moreover, the chitin-binding domain of hichin also provided crystal morphology regulation in vitro crystallization assay. These results indicated that hichin is involved in the self-assembly of organic frameworks and morphological regulation in shell nacreous layer.
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27
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Duroudier N, Cardoso C, Mehennaoui K, Mikolaczyk M, Schäfer J, Gutleb AC, Giamberini L, Bebianno MJ, Bilbao E, Cajaraville MP. Changes in protein expression in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis dietarily exposed to PVP/PEI coated silver nanoparticles at different seasons. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:56-68. [PMID: 30825730 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potential toxic effects of Ag NPs ingested through the food web and depending on the season have not been addressed in marine bivalves. This work aimed to assess differences in protein expression in the digestive gland of female mussels after dietary exposure to Ag NPs in autumn and spring. Mussels were fed daily with microalgae previously exposed for 24 h to 10 μg/L of PVP/PEI coated 5 nm Ag NPs. After 21 days, mussels significantly accumulated Ag in both seasons and Ag NPs were found within digestive gland cells and gills. Two-dimensional electrophoresis distinguished 104 differentially expressed protein spots in autumn and 142 in spring. Among them, chitinase like protein-3, partial and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, that are involved in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the biosynthesis of amino acids KEGG pathways, were overexpressed in autumn but underexpressed in spring. In autumn, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were altered, while in spring, proteins related to the formation of phagosomes and hydrogen peroxide metabolism were differentially expressed. Overall, protein expression signatures depended on season and Ag NPs exposure, suggesting that season significantly influences responses of mussels to NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Duroudier
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Câtia Cardoso
- CIMA, Marine and Environmental Research Center, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Insitute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 CNRS, F-57070, Metz, France
| | - Mathilde Mikolaczyk
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Jörg Schäfer
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Insitute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 CNRS, F-57070, Metz, France
| | - Maria J Bebianno
- CIMA, Marine and Environmental Research Center, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
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Montroni D, Marzec B, Valle F, Nudelman F, Falini G. β-Chitin Nanofibril Self-Assembly in Aqueous Environments. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2421-2429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devis Montroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bartosz Marzec
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Francesco Valle
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), ISMN-CNR, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Chitin Prevalence and Function in Bacteria, Fungi and Protists. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1142:19-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Montroni D, Fermani S, Morellato K, Torri G, Naggi A, Cristofolini L, Falini G. β-Chitin samples with similar microfibril arrangement change mechanical properties varying the degree of acetylation. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:26-33. [PMID: 30600008 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is widespread in nature and is increasingly used in synthetic process for the production of new biomaterials. Chitin degree of acetylation, crystalline structure and microfibril arrangement differentiate chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, no information are available on the relationship between the mechanical properties and the degree of acetylation (DA) in chitin samples in which the microfibril arrangement does not change. Here, samples of β-chitin with decreasing DA, up to chitosan, were prepared using the squid pen of Loligo vulgaris. These samples were characterized by CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analyses, synchrotron X-ray fiber diffraction and tensile tests. The results showed a similar microfibril arrangement decreasing the DA, except for the chitosan sample. The mechanical properties showed an increase of the maximum strain and a reduction of the maximum stress and Young's modulus, decreasing the DA. These changes, not linear with the DA, were related to structural changes at molecular structure level. The knowledge deriving from this study is of interest both for the understanding of the mechanical properties of chitinous biological samples, but also for the design and synthesis of new biomacromolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devis Montroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kavin Morellato
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Torri
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni" Milano, via Giuseppe Colombo 81, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni" Milano, via Giuseppe Colombo 81, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Cristofolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Balbi T, Montagna M, Fabbri R, Carbone C, Franzellitti S, Fabbri E, Canesi L. Diclofenac affects early embryo development in the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:601-609. [PMID: 29909327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac-DCF, one of the most widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is globally detected in environmental compartments. Due to its occurrence in freshwater and potential impact on aquatic organisms, it has been added to the watch list of chemicals in the EU Water Directive; consequently, research on the impact of DCF in model aquatic organisms has great regulatory implications towards ecosystem health. DCF is also detected in coastal waters at concentrations from ng/L to 1 μg/L, as well as in marine organisms, such as the mussel Mytilus. Increasing evidence indicates that environmental concentrations of DCF have multiple impacts in adult mussels. Moreover, in M. galloprovincialis, DCF has been shown to affect early embryo development. The developmental effects of DCF in mussels were further investigated. DFC (1 and 10 μg/L) was added at different times post-fertilization (30 min and 24 hpf) and the effects were compared in the 48 hpf embryotoxicity assay. Shell mineralization and morphology were investigated by polarized light microscopy, X-Ray Spectrometry-XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy-SEM. Transcriptional profiles of 12 selected genes physiologically regulated across early embryo development were assessed at 24 and 48 hpf. DCF induced shell malformations, irrespectively of concentration and time of exposure. DCF phenotypes were characterized by convex hinges, undulated edges, fractured shells. However, no changes in biomineralization were observed. DCF affected gene transcription at both times pf, in particular at 1 μg/L. The most affected genes were those involved in early shell formation (CS, CA, EP) and biotransformation (ABCB, GST). The results confirm that Mytilus early development represents a significant target for environmental concentrations of DCF. These data underline how the standard embryotoxicity assay, in combination with a structural and transcriptomic approach, represents a powerful tool for evaluating the early impact of pharmaceuticals on mussel embryos, and identification of the possible underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Fabbri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Carbone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Pawolski D, Heintze C, Mey I, Steinem C, Kröger N. Reconstituting the formation of hierarchically porous silica patterns using diatom biomolecules. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Capolupo M, Franzellitti S, Valbonesi P, Lanzas CS, Fabbri E. Uptake and transcriptional effects of polystyrene microplastics in larval stages of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:1038-1047. [PMID: 30029311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of microplastics (MP) in the marine environment is cause of increasing concerns about the safety of the exposed ecosystems. Although the effects associated to the MP uptake have been studied in most marine taxa, the knowledge about their sub-lethal impacts on early life stages of marine species is still limited. Here, we investigated the uptake/retention of 3-μm polystyrene MP by early stages of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the related effects on gut clearance, feeding efficiency, morphological and transcriptional parameters involved in embryo-larval development. Uptake measurements were performed on larvae at 48 h, 3, 6 and 9 days post fertilization (pf) after exposure to a range of 50-10,000 particles mL-1. At all tested pf periods, treatments resulted in a significant and linear increase of MP uptake with increasing concentrations, though levels measured at 48 h pf were significantly lower compared to 3-9 d pf. Ingested MP were retained up to 192 h in larvae's gut, suggesting a physical impact on digestive functions. No change was noted between the consumption of microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata by larvae when administered alone or in the presence of an identical concentration (2000 items mL-1) of MP. The exposure to 50-10,000 MP mL-1 did not alter the morphological development of mussel embryos; however, transcriptional alterations were observed at 50 and 500 MP mL-1, including the up-regulation of genes involved in shell biogenesis (extrapallial protein; carbonic anhydrase; chitin synthase) and immunomodulation (myticin C; mytilin B), and the inhibition of those coding for lysosomal enzymes (hexosaminidase; β-glucorinidase; catepsin-L). In conclusion, though not highlighting morphological or feeding abnormalities, data from this study revealed the onset of physical and transcriptional impairments induced by MP in mussel larvae, indicating sub-lethal impacts which could increase their vulnerability toward further environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capolupo
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, P.zza di P.ta S. Donato 1, 40100 Bologna, Italy; University of Bologna, Inter-Departmental Research Centre for Environmental Science (CIRSA), Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, P.zza di P.ta S. Donato 1, 40100 Bologna, Italy; University of Bologna, Inter-Departmental Research Centre for Environmental Science (CIRSA), Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Valbonesi
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, P.zza di P.ta S. Donato 1, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Sanz Lanzas
- Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr, Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, C/ Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Fabbri
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, P.zza di P.ta S. Donato 1, 40100 Bologna, Italy; University of Bologna, Inter-Departmental Research Centre for Environmental Science (CIRSA), Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Du X, Fan G, Jiao Y, Zhang H, Guo X, Huang R, Zheng Z, Bian C, Deng Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Liang X, Liang H, Shi C, Zhao X, Sun F, Hao R, Bai J, Liu J, Chen W, Liang J, Liu W, Xu Z, Shi Q, Xu X, Zhang G, Liu X. The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii genome and multi-omic analyses provide insights into biomineralization. Gigascience 2018; 6:1-12. [PMID: 28873964 PMCID: PMC5597905 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nacre, the iridescent material found in pearls and shells of molluscs, is formed through an extraordinary process of matrix-assisted biomineralization. Despite recent advances, many aspects of the biomineralization process and its evolutionary origin remain unknown. The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii is a well-known master of biomineralization, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie its production of shells and pearls are not fully understood. We sequenced the highly polymorphic genome of the pearl oyster and conducted multi-omic and biochemical studies to probe nacre formation. We identified a large set of novel proteins participating in matrix-framework formation, many in expanded families, including components similar to that found in vertebrate bones such as collagen-related VWA-containing proteins, chondroitin sulfotransferases, and regulatory elements. Considering that there are only collagen-based matrices in vertebrate bones and chitin-based matrices in most invertebrate skeletons, the presence of both chitin and elements of collagen-based matrices in nacre suggests that elements of chitin- and collagen-based matrices have deep roots and might be part of an ancient biomineralizing matrix. Our results expand the current shell matrix-framework model and provide new insights into the evolution of diverse biomineralization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - He Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Ximing Guo
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ 08349, USA
| | - Ronglian Huang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Chao Bian
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Qingheng Wang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zhongduo Wang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | | | - Haiying Liang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | | | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | | | - Ruijuan Hao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Jie Bai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | | | - Jinlian Liang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | | | - Zhe Xu
- Atlantic Cape Community College, Mays Landing, NJ 08330, USA
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
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Tabata E, Kashimura A, Kikuchi A, Masuda H, Miyahara R, Hiruma Y, Wakita S, Ohno M, Sakaguchi M, Sugahara Y, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Chitin digestibility is dependent on feeding behaviors, which determine acidic chitinase mRNA levels in mammalian and poultry stomachs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1461. [PMID: 29362395 PMCID: PMC5780506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), functions as a major structural component in chitin-containing organism including crustaceans, insects and fungi. Recently, we reported that acidic chitinase (Chia) is highly expressed in mouse, chicken and pig stomach tissues and that it can digest chitin in the respective gastrointestinal tracts (GIT). In this study, we focus on major livestock and domestic animals and show that the levels of Chia mRNA in their stomach tissues are governed by the feeding behavior. Chia mRNA levels were significantly lower in the bovine (herbivores) and dog (carnivores) stomach than those in mouse, pig and chicken (omnivores). Consistent with the mRNA levels, Chia protein was very low in bovine stomach. In addition, the chitinolytic activity of E. coli-expressed bovine and dog Chia enzymes were moderately but significantly lower compared with those of the omnivorous Chia enzymes. Recombinant bovine and dog Chia enzymes can degrade chitin substrates under the artificial GIT conditions. Furthermore, genomes of some herbivorous animals such as rabbit and guinea pig do not contain functional Chia genes. These results indicate that feeding behavior affects Chia expression levels as well as chitinolytic activity of the enzyme, and determines chitin digestibility in the particular animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Akinori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Azusa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Masuda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiruma
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Misa Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
- Bioinova Ltd., Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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Balbi T, Camisassi G, Montagna M, Fabbri R, Franzellitti S, Carbone C, Dawson K, Canesi L. Impact of cationic polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH 2) on early embryo development of Mytilus galloprovincialis: Effects on shell formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:1-9. [PMID: 28759811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential release of nanoparticles (NPs) into aquatic environments represents a growing concern for their possible impact on aquatic organisms. In this light, exposure studies during early life stages, which can be highly sensitive to environmental perturbations, would greatly help identifying potential adverse effects of NPs. Although in the marine bivalve Mytilus spp. the effects of different types of NPs have been widely investigated, little is known on the effects of NPs on the developing embryo. In M. galloprovincialis, emerging contaminants were shown to affect gene expression profiles during early embryo development (from trocophorae-24 hpf to D-veligers-48 hpf). In this work, the effects of amino-modified polystyrene NPs (PS-NH2) on mussel embryos were investigated. PS-NH2 affected the development of normal D-shaped larvae at 48 hpf (EC50 = 0.142 mg/L). Higher concentrations (5-20 mg/L) resulted in high embryotoxicity/developmental arrest. At concentrations ≅ EC50, PS-NH2 affected shell formation, as shown by optical and polarized light microscopy. In these conditions, transcription of 12 genes involved in different biological processes were evaluated. PS-NH2 induced dysregulation of transcription of genes involved in early shell formation (Chitin synthase, Carbonic anhydrase, Extrapallial Protein) at both 24 and 48 hpf. Decreased mRNA levels for ABC transporter p-glycoprotein-ABCB and Lysozyme were also observed at 48 hpf. SEM observations confirmed developmental toxicity at higher concentrations (5 mg/L). These data underline the sensitivity of Mytilus early embryos to PS-NH2 and support the hypothesis that calcifying larvae of marine species are particularly vulnerable to abiotic stressors, including exposure to selected types of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Camisassi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Fabbri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cristina Carbone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Kenneth Dawson
- Centre for BioNanoInteractions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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Feng D, Li Q, Yu H, Kong L, Du S. Identification of conserved proteins from diverse shell matrix proteome in Crassostrea gigas: characterization of genetic bases regulating shell formation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45754. [PMID: 28374770 PMCID: PMC5379566 DOI: 10.1038/srep45754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcifying shell is an excellent model for studying biomineralization and evolution. However, the molecular mechanisms of shell formation are only beginning to be elucidated in Mollusca. It is known that shell matrix proteins (SMPs) play important roles in shell formation. With increasing data of shell matrix proteomes from various species, we carried out a BLASTp bioinformatics analysis using the shell matrix proteome from Crassostrea gigas against 443 SMPs from nine other species. The highly conserved tyrosinase and chitin related proteins were identified in bivalve. In addition, the relatively conserved proteins containing domains of carbonic anhydrase, Sushi, Von Willebrand factor type A, and chitin binding, were identified from all the ten species. Moreover, 25 genes encoding SMPs were annotated and characterized that are involved in CaCO3 crystallization and represent chitin related or ECM related proteins. Together, data from these analyses provide new knowledge underlying the molecular mechanism of shell formation in C.gigas, supporting a refined shell formation model including chitin and ECM-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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38
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Balbi T, Franzellitti S, Fabbri R, Montagna M, Fabbri E, Canesi L. Impact of bisphenol A (BPA) on early embryo development in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: Effects on gene transcription. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:996-1004. [PMID: 27569056 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer used in plastic manufacturing, is weakly estrogenic and a potential endocrine disruptor in mammals. Although it degrades quickly, it is pseudo-persistent in the environment because of continual inputs, with reported concentrations in aquatic environments between 0.0005 and 12 μg/L. BPA represents a potential concern for aquatic ecosystems, as shown by its reproductive and developmental effects in aquatic vertebrates. In invertebrates, endocrine-related effects of BPA were observed in different species and experimental conditions, with often conflicting results, indicating that the sensitivity to this compound can vary considerably among related taxa. In the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis BPA was recently shown to affect early development at environmental concentrations. In this work, the possible effects of BPA on mussel embryos were investigated at the molecular level by evaluating transcription of 13 genes, selected on the basis of their biological functions in adult mussels. Gene expression was first evaluated in trocophorae and D-veligers (24 and 48 h post fertilization) grown in physiological conditions, in comparison with unfertilized eggs. Basal expressions showed a general up-regulation during development, with distinct transcript levels in trocophorae and D-veligers. Exposure of fertilized eggs to BPA (10 μg/L) induced a general upregulation at 24 h pf, followed by down regulation at 48 h pf. Mytilus Estrogen Receptors, serotonin receptor and genes involved in biomineralization (Carbonic Anydrase and Extrapallial Protein) were the most affected by BPA exposure. At 48 h pf, changes in gene expression were associated with irregularities in shell formation, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating that the formation of the first shelled embryo, a key step in mussel development, represents a sensitive target for BPA. Similar results were obtained with the natural estrogen 17β-estradiol. The results demonstrate that BPA and E2 can affect Mytilus early development through dysregulation of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rita Fabbri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
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Munari M, Chemello G, Finos L, Ingrosso G, Giani M, Marin MG. Coping with seawater acidification and the emerging contaminant diclofenac at the larval stage: A tale from the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:293-302. [PMID: 27391052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seawater acidification could alter the susceptibility of marine organisms to emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals. In this study, the combined effects of seawater acidification and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac on survival, growth and oxidative stress-related parameters (catalase activity and lipid peroxidation) in the larvae of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated for the first time. An experimental flow-through system was set up to carry out a 96-h exposure of clam larvae. Two pH levels (pH 8.0, the control, and pH 7.8, the predicted pH by the end of this century) were tested with and without diclofenac (0.5 μg/L). After 4 days, mortality was dramatically higher under reduced pH, particularly in the presence of diclofenac (62% of the larvae dead). Shell morphology was negatively affected by both acidification and diclofenac from the first day of exposure. The percentage of abnormal larvae was always higher at pH 7.8 than in controls, peaking at 98% in the presence of diclofenac after 96 h. Instead, shell length, shell height or the ratio of these values were only negatively influenced by reduced pH throughout the whole experiment. After 96 h, catalase activity was significantly increased in all larvae kept at pH 7.8, whereas no significant difference in lipid peroxidation was found among the treatments. This study demonstrates a high susceptibility of R. philippinarum larvae to a slight reduction in seawater pH. Furthermore, the results obtained highlight that acidification enhances the sensitivity of clam larvae to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Munari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ingrosso
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Sezione di Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 S. Croce (TS), Italy
| | - Michele Giani
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Sezione di Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 S. Croce (TS), Italy
| | - Maria G Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Jeffrey JD, Hannan KD, Hasler CT, Suski CD. Responses to elevated CO2 exposure in a freshwater mussel, Fusconaia flava. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 187:87-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Ramajo L, Marbà N, Prado L, Peron S, Lardies MA, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Vargas CA, Lagos NA, Duarte CM. Biomineralization changes with food supply confer juvenile scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) resistance to ocean acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2025-37. [PMID: 26644007 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Future ocean acidification (OA) will affect physiological traits of marine species, with calcifying species being particularly vulnerable. As OA entails high energy demands, particularly during the rapid juvenile growth phase, food supply may play a key role in the response of marine organisms to OA. We experimentally evaluated the role of food supply in modulating physiological responses and biomineralization processes in juveniles of the Chilean scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, that were exposed to control (pH ~ 8.0) and low pH (pH ~ 7.6) conditions using three food supply treatments (high, intermediate, and low). We found that pH and food levels had additive effects on the physiological response of the juvenile scallops. Metabolic rates, shell growth, net calcification, and ingestion rates increased significantly at low pH conditions, independent of food. These physiological responses increased significantly in organisms exposed to intermediate and high levels of food supply. Hence, food supply seems to play a major role modulating organismal response by providing the energetic means to bolster the physiological response of OA stress. On the contrary, the relative expression of chitin synthase, a functional molecule for biomineralization, increased significantly in scallops exposed to low food supply and low pH, which resulted in a thicker periostracum enriched with chitin polysaccharides. Under reduced food and low pH conditions, the adaptive organismal response was to trade-off growth for the expression of biomineralization molecules and altering of the organic composition of shell periostracum, suggesting that the future performance of these calcifiers will depend on the trajectories of both OA and food supply. Thus, incorporating a suite of traits and multiple stressors in future studies of the adaptive organismal response may provide key insights on OA impacts on marine calcifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramajo
- Global Change Department, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Núria Marbà
- Global Change Department, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Luis Prado
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sophie Peron
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Facultad de Artes Liberales and Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Avenida Diagonal Las Torres 2640, 7941169, Peñalolen, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Cristian A Vargas
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Funcionamiento de Ecosistema Acuáticos (LAFE), Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Hüning AK, Lange SM, Ramesh K, Jacob DE, Jackson DJ, Panknin U, Gutowska MA, Philipp EE, Rosenstiel P, Lucassen M, Melzner F. A shell regeneration assay to identify biomineralization candidate genes in mytilid mussels. Mar Genomics 2016; 27:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arivalagan J, Marie B, Sleight VA, Clark MS, Berland S, Marie A. Shell matrix proteins of the clam, Mya truncata: Roles beyond shell formation through proteomic study. Mar Genomics 2016; 27:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yonezawa M, Sakuda S, Yoshimura E, Suzuki M. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of chitinases in the fresh water snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:107-118. [PMID: 26947209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Molluscan shells, consisting of calcium carbonate, are typical examples of biominerals. The small amount of organic matrices containing chitin and proteins in molluscan shells regulates calcification to produce elaborate microstructures. The shells of gastropods have a spiral shape around a central axis. The shell thickness on the internal side of the spiral becomes thinner than that on the outer side of the spiral during the growth to expand the interior space. These observations suggest that a dissolution process works as a remodeling mechanism to change shell shape in molluscan shells. To reveal the dissolution mechanism involved in the remodeling of gastropod spiral shells, we focused on chitinases in the fresh water snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Chitinase activity was observed in the acetic acid-soluble fraction of the shell and in the buffer extract from the mantle. Allosamidin, a specific inhibitor of family 18 chitinases, inhibited the chitinase activity of both fractions completely. Homology cloning and transcriptome analyses of the mantle revealed five genes (chi-I, chi-II, chi-III, chi-IV, and chi-V) encoding family 18 chitinases. All chitinases were expressed in the mantle and in other tissues suggesting that chitinases in the mantle have multiple-functions. Treatment with commercially available chitinase obtained from Trichoderma viride altered the shell microstructure of L. stagnalis. Larvae of L. stagnalis cultured in allosamidin solution had a thinner organic layer on the shell surface. These results suggest that the chitinase activities in the shell and mantle are probably associated with the shell formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yonezawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shohei Sakuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Hamed I, Özogul F, Regenstein JM. Industrial applications of crustacean by-products (chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides): A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 619] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Li S, Liu C, Huang J, Liu Y, Zheng G, Xie L, Zhang R. Interactive effects of seawater acidification and elevated temperature on biomineralization and amino acid metabolism in the mussel Mytilus edulis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:3623-31. [PMID: 26417015 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seawater acidification and warming resulting from anthropogenic production of carbon dioxide are increasing threats to marine ecosystems. Previous studies have documented the effects of either seawater acidification or warming on marine calcifiers; however, the combined effects of these stressors are poorly understood. In our study, we examined the interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide partial pressure (P(CO2)) and temperature on biomineralization and amino acid content in an ecologically and economically important mussel, Mytilus edulis. Adult M. edulis were reared at different combinations of P(CO2) (pH 8.1 and 7.8) and temperature (19, 22 and 25°C) for 2 months. The results indicated that elevated P(CO2) significantly decreased the net calcification rate, the calcium content and the Ca/Mg ratio of the shells, induced the differential expression of biomineralization-related genes, modified shell ultrastructure and altered amino acid content, implying significant effects of seawater acidification on biomineralization and amino acid metabolism. Notably, elevated temperature enhanced the effects of seawater acidification on these parameters. The shell breaking force significantly decreased under elevated P(CO2), but the effect was not exacerbated by elevated temperature. The results suggest that the interactive effects of seawater acidification and elevated temperature on mussels are likely to have ecological and functional implications. This study is therefore helpful for better understanding the underlying effects of changing marine environments on mussels and other marine calcifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Li
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingliang Huang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangjia Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guilan Zheng
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Gao P, Liao Z, Wang XX, Bao LF, Fan MH, Li XM, Wu CW, Xia SW. Layer-by-Layer Proteomic Analysis of Mytilus galloprovincialis Shell. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218932 PMCID: PMC4517812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bivalve shell is a biomineralized tissue with various layers/microstructures and excellent mechanical properties. Shell matrix proteins (SMPs) pervade and envelop the mineral crystals and play essential roles in biomineralization. Despite that Mytilus is an economically important bivalve, only few proteomic studies have been performed for the shell, and current knowledge of the SMP set responsible for different shell layers of Mytilus remains largely patchy. In this study, we observed that Mytilus galloprovincialis shell contained three layers, including nacre, fibrous prism, and myostracum that is involved in shell-muscle attachment. A parallel proteomic analysis was performed for these three layers. By combining LC-MS/MS analysis with Mytilus EST database interrogations, a whole set of 113 proteins was identified, and the distribution of these proteins in different shell layers followed a mosaic pattern. For each layer, about a half of identified proteins are unique and the others are shared by two or all of three layers. This is the first description of the protein set exclusive to nacre, myostracum, and fibrous prism in Mytilus shell. Moreover, most of identified proteins in the present study are novel SMPs, which greatly extended biomineralization-related protein data of Mytilus. These results are useful, on one hand, for understanding the roles of SMPs in the deposition of different shell layers. On the other hand, the identified protein set of myostracum provides candidates for further exploring the mechanism of adductor muscle-shell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of Chinese, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Protein Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Protein Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-xing Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Protein Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin-fei Bao
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Protein Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-hua Fan
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Protein Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-min Li
- Biotechnology Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-wen Wu
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Protein Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-wei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of Chinese, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Liao Z, Bao LF, Fan MH, Gao P, Wang XX, Qin CL, Li XM. In-depth proteomic analysis of nacre, prism, and myostracum of Mytilus shell. J Proteomics 2015; 122:26-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Audino JA, Marian JEAR, Wanninger A, Lopes SGBC. Mantle margin morphogenesis in Nodipecten nodosus (Mollusca: Bivalvia): new insights into the development and the roles of bivalve pallial folds. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:22. [PMID: 26017922 PMCID: PMC4445998 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive knowledge on bivalve anatomy and development, the formation and differentiation of the mantle margin and its associated organs remain largely unclear. Bivalves from the family Pectinidae (scallops) are particularly promising to cast some light on these issues, because they exhibit a complex mantle margin and their developmental stages are easily obtained from scallop farms. We investigated the mantle margin of the scallop Nodipecten nodosus (L. 1758) during larval and postmetamorphic development. METHODS A thorough analysis of the mantle margin development in Nodipecten nodosus, from veliger larvae to mature adults, was conducted by means of integrative microscopy techniques, i.e., light, electron, and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Initially unfolded, the pallial margin is divided into distal and proximal regions by the periostracum-forming zone. The emergence of the pallial musculature and its neural innervation are crucial steps during bivalve larval development. By the late pediveliger stage, the margin becomes folded, resulting in a bilobed condition (i.e., outer and inner folds), a periostracal groove, and the development of different types of cilia. After metamorphosis, a second outgrowth process is responsible for emergence of the middle mantle fold from the outer surface of the inner fold. Once the three-folded condition is established, the general adult features are rapidly formed. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the middle mantle fold forms from the outer surface of the inner fold after metamorphosis and that the initial unfolded mantle margin may represent a common condition among bivalves. The first outgrowth process, which gives rise to the outer and inner folds, and the emergence of the pallial musculature and innervation occur during larval stages, highlighting the importance of the larval period for mantle margin morphogenesis in Bivalvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Audino
- Department of Zoology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, n. 101, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo A R Marian
- Department of Zoology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, n. 101, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andreas Wanninger
- Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, UZA1 Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sônia G B C Lopes
- Department of Zoology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, n. 101, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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