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Karahoda R, Vachalova V, Portillo R, Mahrla F, Viñas-Noguera M, Abad C, Staud F. Developmental expression of catecholamine system in the human placenta and rat fetoplacental unit. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6948. [PMID: 38521816 PMCID: PMC10960862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine have been implicated in numerous physiological processes within the central nervous system. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of tightly regulated monoamine levels for placental functions and fetal development. However, the complexities of synthesis, release, and regulation of catecholamines in the fetoplacental unit have not been fully unraveled. In this study, we investigated the expression of enzymes and transporters involved in synthesis, degradation, and transport of norepinephrine and dopamine in the human placenta and rat fetoplacental unit. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses were performed in early-to-late gestation in humans (first trimester vs. term placenta) and mid-to-late gestation in rats (placenta and fetal brain, intestines, liver, lungs, and heart). In addition, we analyzed the gene expression patterns in isolated primary trophoblast cells from the human placenta and placenta-derived cell lines (HRP-1, BeWo, JEG-3). In both human and rat placentas, the study identifies the presence of only PNMT, COMT, and NET at the mRNA and protein levels, with the expression of PNMT and NET showing gestational age dependency. On the other hand, rat fetal tissues consistently express the catecholamine pathway genes, revealing distinct developmental expression patterns. Lastly, we report significant transcriptional profile variations in different placental cell models, emphasizing the importance of careful model selection for catecholamine metabolism/transport studies. Collectively, integrating findings from humans and rats enhances our understanding of the dynamic regulatory mechanisms that underlie catecholamine dynamics during pregnancy. We identified similar patterns in both species across gestation, suggesting conserved molecular mechanisms and potentially shedding light on shared biological processes influencing placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vachalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ramon Portillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Mahrla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mireia Viñas-Noguera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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2
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Gudenschwager-Basso EK, Frydman G, Weerakoon S, Andargachew H, Piltaver CM, Huckle WR. Morphological evaluation of the feline placenta correlates with gene expression of vascular growth factors and receptors†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:569-582. [PMID: 38092011 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Placental angiogenesis is critical for normal development. Angiogenic factors and their receptors are key regulators of this process. Dysregulated placental vascular development is associated with pregnancy complications. Despite their importance, vascular growth factor expression has not been thoroughly correlated with placental morphologic development across gestation in cats. We postulate that changes in placental vessel morphology can be appreciated as consequences of dynamic expression of angiogenic signaling agents. Here, we characterized changes in placental morphology alongside expression analysis of angiogenic factor splice variants and receptors throughout pregnancy in domestic shorthair cats. We observed increased vascular and lamellar density in the lamellar zone during mid-pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analysis localized the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) receptor KDR to endothelial cells of the maternal and fetal microvasculatures. PlGF and its principal receptor Flt-1 were localized to the trophoblasts and fetal vasculature. VEGF-A was found in trophoblast cells and associated with endothelial cells. We detected expression of two Plgf splice variants and four Vegf-a variants. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed upregulation of mRNAs encoding pan Vegf-a and all Vegf-a splice forms at gestational days 30-35. Vegf-A showed a marked relative increase in expression during mid-pregnancy, consistent with the pro-angiogenic changes seen in the lamellar zone at days 30-35. Flt-1 was upregulated during late pregnancy. Plgf variants showed stable expression during the first two-thirds of pregnancy, followed by a marked increase toward term. These findings revealed specific spatiotemporal expression patterns of VEGF-A family members consistent with pivotal roles during normal placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin K Gudenschwager-Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Galit Frydman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shaneke Weerakoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hariyat Andargachew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cassandra M Piltaver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - William R Huckle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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3
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Kwon T. Utilizing non-human primate models to combat recent COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 and viral infectious disease outbreaks. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12689. [PMID: 38084001 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent times, global viral outbreaks and diseases, such as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), Zika (ZIKV), monkeypox (MPOX), Ebola (EBOV), and Marburg (MARV), have been extensively documented. Swiftly deciphering the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and devising vaccines or therapeutic interventions to curtail these outbreaks stand as paramount imperatives. Amidst these endeavors, animal models emerge as pivotal tools. Among these models, non-human primates (NHPs) hold a position of particular importance. Their proximity in evolutionary lineage and physiological resemblances to humans render them a primary model for comprehending human viral infections. This review encapsulates the pivotal role of various NHP species-such as rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), african green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus/aethiops), pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina/Macaca leonina), baboons (Papio hamadryas/Papio anubis), and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)-in investigations pertaining to the abovementioned viral outbreaks. These NHP models play a pivotal role in illuminating key aspects of disease dynamics, facilitating the development of effective countermeasures, and contributing significantly to our overall understanding of viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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4
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Karvas RM, Theunissen TW. Generation of 3D Trophoblast Organoids from Human Naïve Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2767:85-103. [PMID: 37402094 PMCID: PMC10766861 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The human placenta is a transient organ that functions to support the needs of the fetus throughout gestation. Trophoblasts are the major epithelial cells found within the placenta and comprise a variety of distinct cell types with specialized roles in fetal-maternal communication. Our understanding of human trophoblast development remains limited due to ethical and legal restrictions on accessing first-trimester placental tissues, as well as the inability of common animal models to replicate primate placental development. It is therefore important to advance in vitro models of human trophoblast development as a basis for studying pregnancy-associated complications and diseases. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for generating 3D trophoblast organoids from naïve human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The resulting stem-cell-derived trophoblast organoids (SC-TOs) contain distinct cytotrophoblast (CTB), syncytiotrophoblast (STB), and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell types, which closely correspond to trophoblast identities in the human post-implantation embryo. We discuss methods for characterizing SC-TOs by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, mRNA and microRNA expression profiling, and placental hormone secretion. Furthermore, SC-TOs can undergo differentiation into specialized 3D EVT organoids, which display robust invasion when co-cultured with human endometrial cells. Thus, the protocol described herein offers an accessible 3D model system of human placental development and trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan M Karvas
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thorold W Theunissen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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5
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Alves-Pimenta S, Colaço B, Oliveira PA, Venâncio C. Development Features on the Selection of Animal Models for Teratogenic Testing. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:67-104. [PMID: 38285334 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Today, the use of animal models from different species continues to represent a fundamental step in teratogenic testing, despite the increase in alternative solutions that provide an important screening to the enormous quantity of new substances that aim to enter the market every year. The maintenance of these models is due to the sharing of similar development processes with humans, and in this way they represent an important contribution to the safety in the use of the compounds tested. Furthermore, the application of advances in embryology to teratology, although hampered by the complexity of reproductive processes, continues to prove the importance of sensitivity during embryonic and fetal development to detect potential toxicity, inducing mortality/abortion and malformations.In this chapter, essential periods of development in different models are outlined, highlighting the similarities and differences between species, the advantages and disadvantages of each group, and specific sensitivities for teratogenic testing. Models can be divided into invertebrate species such as earthworms of the species Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster, allowing for rapid results and minor ethical concerns. Vertebrate nonmammalian species Xenopus laevis and Danio rerio are important models to assess teratogenic potential later in development with fewer ethical requirements. Finally, the mammalian species Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Oryctolagus cuniculus, phylogenetically closer to humans, are essential for the assessment of complex specialized processes, occurring later in development.Regulations for the development of toxicology tests require the use of mammalian species. Although ethical concerns and costs limit their use in large-scale screening. On the other hand, invertebrate and vertebrate nonmammalian species are increasing as alternative animal models, as these organisms combine low cost, less ethical requirements, and culture conditions compatible with large-scale screening. Their main advantage is to allow high-throughput screening in a whole-animal context, in contrast to the in vitro techniques, not dependent on the prior identification of a target. Better knowledge of the development pathways of animal models will allow to maximize human translation and reduce the number of animals used, leading to a selection of compounds with an improved safety profile and reduced time to market for new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
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Adams S, Stapleton PA. Nanoparticles at the maternal-fetal interface. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112067. [PMID: 37689342 PMCID: PMC10591848 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production of intentional and unintentional nanoparticles (NPs) has led to their accumulation in the environment as air and ground pollution. The heterogeneity of these particles primarily relies on the NP physicochemical properties (i.e., chemical composition, size, shape, surface chemistry, etc.). Pregnancy represents a vulnerable life stage for both the woman and the developing fetus. The ubiquitous nature of these NPs creates a concern for developmental fetal exposures. At the maternal-fetal interface lies the placenta, a temporary endocrine organ that facilitates nutrient and waste exchange as well as communication between maternal and fetal tissues. Recent evidence in human and animal models identifies that gestational exposure to NPs results in placental translocation leading to local effects and endocrine disruption. Currently, the mechanisms underlying placental translocation and cellular uptake of NPs in the placenta are poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to assess the current understanding of the physiochemical factors influencing NP translocation, cellular uptake, and endocrine disruption at the maternal-fetal interface within the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, USA
| | - P A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, USA; Environmental Occupational and Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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7
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Zhang Q, Lee CL, Yang T, Li J, Zeng Q, Liu X, Liu Z, Ruan D, Li Z, Kan AS, Cheung KW, Mak AS, Ng VW, Zhao H, Fan X, Duan YG, Zhong L, Chen M, Du M, Li RH, Liu P, Ng EH, Yeung WS, Gao Y, Yao Y, Chiu PC. Adrenomedullin has a pivotal role in trophoblast differentiation: A promising nanotechnology-based therapeutic target for early-onset preeclampsia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4777. [PMID: 37922358 PMCID: PMC10624351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) is a severe pregnancy complication associated with defective trophoblast differentiation and functions at implantation, but manifestation of its phenotypes is in late pregnancy. There is no reliable method for early prediction and treatment of EOPE. Adrenomedullin (ADM) is an abundant placental peptide in early pregnancy. Integrated single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics confirm a high ADM expression in the human villous cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. The levels of ADM in chorionic villi and serum were lower in first-trimester pregnant women who later developed EOPE than those with normotensive pregnancy. ADM stimulates differentiation of trophoblast stem cells and trophoblast organoids in vitro. In pregnant mice, placenta-specific ADM suppression led to EOPE-like phenotypes. The EOPE-like phenotypes in a mouse PE model were reduced by a placenta-specific nanoparticle-based forced expression of ADM. Our study reveals the roles of trophoblastic ADM in placental development, EOPE pathogenesis, and its potential clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qunxiong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongzhen Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, Shenzhen, China
| | - Degong Ruan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anita S. Y. Kan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Wang Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Annisa S. L. Mak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian W. Y. Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Gang Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuying Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meirong Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Raymond H. W. Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ernest H. Y. Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S. B. Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C. N. Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Ball EE, Bennett JL, Keesler RI, Van Rompay KKA, Coffey LL, Bliss-Moreau E. Prenatal Zika virus exposure is associated with lateral geniculate nucleus abnormalities in juvenile rhesus macaques. Neuroreport 2023; 34:786-791. [PMID: 37695589 PMCID: PMC10699751 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus' neural tropism causes significant neural pathology, particularly in developing fetuses. One of the consistent findings from humans and animal models is that prenatal exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) causes pathology in the eyes and visual pathways of the brain, although the extent to which this pathology persists over development is not clear. In the present report, we build upon our previous work which demonstrated that full-term rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) fetuses who were exposed to ZIKV early in gestation had significant pathological abnormalities to the organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a major hub of the visual network. The objective of the present work was to replicate those LGN findings and determine whether such pathology persisted across childhood development. We carried out histological analyses of the LGNs of two juvenile rhesus monkeys who were prenatally exposed to ZIKV and two age-matched controls. Pregnant rhesus monkeys were infected with ZIKV via the intravenous and intra-amniotic routes and tracked across development. Following sacrifice and perfusion, brains were subjected to quantitative neuroanatomical analyses with a focus on the size and structure of the LGN and its composite layers. Early fetal ZIKV exposure resulted in developmental abnormalities within the brains' visual pathway: specifically disorganization, blending of layers, laminar discontinuities, and regions of low cell density within the LGN. These abnormalities were not observed in the control animals. Our findings demonstrate that the ZIKV's damage to the LGN that occurs during fetal development persists into childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
- United States Army, Veterinary Corps, USA
- Currently Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- California National Primate Center, University of California
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Rebekah I Keesler
- California National Primate Center, University of California
- Currently Charles River Laboratories, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
- California National Primate Center, University of California
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Center, University of California
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
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9
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Moadab G, Pittet F, Bennett JL, Taylor CL, Fiske O, Singapuri A, Coffey LL, Van Rompay KKA, Bliss-Moreau E. Prenatal Zika virus infection has sex-specific effects on infant physical development and mother-infant social interactions. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh0043. [PMID: 37878673 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
There is enormous variation in the extent to which fetal Zika virus (fZIKV) infection affects the developing brain. Despite the neural consequences of fZIKV infection observed in people and animal models, many open questions about the relationship between infection dynamics and fetal and infant development remain. To further understand how ZIKV affects the developing nervous system and the behavioral consequences of prenatal infection, we adopted a nonhuman primate model of fZIKV infection in which we inoculated pregnant rhesus macaques and their fetuses with ZIKV in the early second trimester of fetal development. We then tracked their health across gestation and characterized infant development across the first month of life. ZIKV-infected pregnant mothers had long periods of viremia and mild changes to their hematological profiles. ZIKV RNA concentrations, an indicator of infection magnitude, were higher in mothers whose fetuses were male, and the magnitude of ZIKV RNA in the mothers' plasma or amniotic fluid predicted infant outcomes. The magnitude of ZIKV RNA was negatively associated with infant growth across the first month of life, affecting males' growth more than females' growth, although for most metrics, both males and females evidenced slower growth rates as compared with control animals whose mothers were not ZIKV inoculated. Compared with control infants, fZIKV infants also spent more time with their mothers during the first month of life, a social behavior difference that may have long-lasting consequences on psychosocial development during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Moadab
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Florent Pittet
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christopher L Taylor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Olivia Fiske
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anil Singapuri
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Le HH, Hagen MW, Louey S, Tavori H, Thornburg KL, Giraud GD, Hinds MT, Barnes AP. Development of a novel Guinea Pig model producing transgenerational endothelial transcriptional changes driven by maternal food restriction and a second metabolic insult of high fat diet. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266444. [PMID: 37942229 PMCID: PMC10628814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental programming of chronic adverse cardiovascular health outcomes has been studied both using numerous human populations and an array of animal models. However, the mechanisms that produce transgenerational effects have been difficult to study due to a lack of developmentally relevant models. As such, how increased disease risk is carried to the second generation has been poorly studied. We hypothesized that the endothelium which mediates many acute and chronic vascular inflammatory responses is a key player in these effects, and epidemiological studies implicate transgenerational nutritional effects on endothelial health. To study the mutigenerational effects of maternal undernutrition on offspring endothelial health, we developed a model of transgenerational nutritional stress in guinea pigs, a translationally relevant precocial species with a relatively short lifespan. First- and second-generation offspring were subjected to a high fat diet in adolescence to exacerbate negative cardiovascular health. To assess transcriptional changes, we performed bulk RNA-sequencing in carotid artery endothelial cells, with groups stratified as prenatal control or food restricted, and postnatal control or high fat diet. We detected statistically significant gene alterations for each dietary permutation, some of which were unique to treatments and other transcriptional signatures shared by multiple or all conditions. These findings highlight a core group of genes altered by high fat diet that is shared by all cohorts and a divergence of transgenerational effects between the prenatal ad libitum and dietary restriction groups. This study establishes the groundwork for this model to be used to better understand the interplay of prenatal stress and genetic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary H. Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew W. Hagen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - George D. Giraud
- Center for Developmental Health, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Monica T. Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Center for Developmental Health, Portland, OR, United States
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11
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Kramer AC, Jansson T, Bale TL, Powell TL. Maternal-fetal cross-talk via the placenta: influence on offspring development and metabolism. Development 2023; 150:dev202088. [PMID: 37831056 PMCID: PMC10617615 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Compelling epidemiological and animal experimental data demonstrate that cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases originate in a suboptimal intrauterine environment. Here, we review evidence suggesting that altered placental function may, at least in part, mediate the link between the maternal environment and changes in fetal growth and development. Emerging evidence indicates that the placenta controls the development and function of several fetal tissues through nutrient sensing, modulation of trophoblast nutrient transporters and by altering the number and cargo of released extracellular vesicles. In this Review, we discuss the development and functions of the maternal-placental-fetal interface (in humans and mice) and how cross-talk between these compartments may be a mechanism for in utero programming, focusing on mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), adiponectin and O-GlcNac transferase (OGT) signaling. We also discuss how maternal diet and stress influences fetal development and metabolism and how fetal growth restriction can result in susceptibility to developing chronic disease later in life. Finally, we speculate how interventions targeting placental function may offer unprecedented opportunities to prevent cardiometabolic disease in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery C. Kramer
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tracy L. Bale
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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12
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Mineo C, Shaul PW, Bermas BL. The pathogenesis of obstetric APS: a 2023 update. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109745. [PMID: 37625670 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the persistent presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins that are associated with thrombosis and pregnancy-related morbidity. The latter includes fetal deaths, premature birth and maternal complications. In the early 1990s, a distinct set of autoantibodies, termed collectively antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), were identified as the causative agents of this disorder. Subsequently histological analyses of the placenta from APS pregnancies revealed various abnormalities, including inflammation at maternal-fetal interface and poor placentation manifested by reduced trophoblast invasion and limited uterine spiral artery remodeling. Further preclinical investigations identified the molecular targets of aPL and the downstream intracellular pathways of key placental cell types. While these discoveries suggest potential therapeutics for this disorder, definitive clinical trials have not been completed. This concise review focuses on the recent developments in the field of basic and translational research pursuing novel mechanisms underlying obstetric APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bonnie L Bermas
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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13
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Chappell J, Aughwane R, Clark AR, Ourselin S, David AL, Melbourne A. A review of feto-placental vasculature flow modelling. Placenta 2023; 142:56-63. [PMID: 37639951 PMCID: PMC10873207 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The placenta provides the vital nutrients and removal of waste products required for fetal growth and development. Understanding and quantifying the differences in structure and function between a normally functioning placenta compared to an abnormal placenta is vital to provide insights into the aetiology and treatment options for fetal growth restriction and other placental disorders. Computational modelling of blood flow in the placenta allows a new understanding of the placental circulation to be obtained. This structured review discusses multiple recent methods for placental vascular model development including analysis of the appearance of the placental vasculature and how placental haemodynamics may be simulated at multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chappell
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College, London, UK.
| | - Rosalind Aughwane
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College, London, UK
| | | | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College, London, UK
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College, London, UK
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College, London, UK
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14
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Patel A, Sushko K, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Pfuma Fletcher E, Fusch G, Chan O, Aghayi A, Chan AKC, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Van Den Anker J, Samiee-Zafarghandy S. Availability of Safe and Effective Therapeutic Options to Pregnant and Lactating Individuals Following the United States Food and Drug Administration Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule. J Pediatr 2023; 259:113342. [PMID: 36806753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the extent and type of pregnancy and lactation data of newly approved prescription drugs and assess whether the presented recommendations are data-driven, as required by the US Food and Drug Administration Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule implemented in 2015. STUDY DESIGN In this descriptive analysis, we reviewed pregnancy and lactation data of all new molecular entities approved between 2001 and 2020 in their most updated labeling. Information was collected regarding the pregnancy and lactation risk statements, the source of pregnancy and lactation data, and the design and methods of pregnancy and lactation studies in the labeling. RESULTS Of the 422 new molecular entities, the key advisory statement for use of 133 (32%) drugs in pregnancy and 194 (46%) drugs in lactation were classified as "against use." Less than 2% of all drugs had a key advisory statement that supported their use during pregnancy or lactation. The sources of data regarding use in pregnancy were studies in human and animals in 46 (11%) and 348 (82%) drugs, respectively. For use during lactation, data included studies in human and animals in 23 (5%) and 251 (59%) drugs, respectively. The key advisory recommendation was consistent with the available human information in 4 (8%) drugs in pregnancy and 3 (13%) drugs in lactation. Prescription drug labeling contains limited data to support informed decision-making for the use of prescription drugs during pregnancy/lactation. Close collaboration among stakeholders is required to enhance the availability of data in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaka Patel
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn Sushko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Elimika Pfuma Fletcher
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Gerhard Fusch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olsen Chan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arya Aghayi
- Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthony K C Chan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Johannes Van Den Anker
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samira Samiee-Zafarghandy
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Wu Q. Natriuretic Peptide Signaling in Uterine Biology and Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12309. [PMID: 37569683 PMCID: PMC10418983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial decidualization is a uterine process essential for spiral artery remodeling, embryo implantation, and trophoblast invasion. Defects in endometrial decidualization and spiral artery remodeling are important contributing factors in preeclampsia, a major disorder in pregnancy. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone that regulates blood volume and pressure. ANP is also generated in non-cardiac tissues, such as the uterus and placenta. In recent human genome-wide association studies, multiple loci with genes involved in natriuretic peptide signaling are associated with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. In cellular experiments and mouse models, uterine ANP has been shown to stimulate endometrial decidualization, increase TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression and secretion, and enhance apoptosis in arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In placental trophoblasts, ANP stimulates adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling, leading to autophagy inhibition and protein kinase N3 upregulation, thereby increasing trophoblast invasiveness. ANP deficiency impairs endometrial decidualization and spiral artery remodeling, causing a preeclampsia-like phenotype in mice. These findings indicate the importance of natriuretic peptide signaling in pregnancy. This review discusses the role of ANP in uterine biology and potential implications of impaired ANP signaling in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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16
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Mamnoon B, Moses AS, Sundaram S, Raitmayr CJ, Morgan T, Baldwin MK, Myatt L, Taratula O, Taratula OR. Glutathione-Responsive Methotrexate Polymersomes for Potential Management of Ectopic Pregnancy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2302969. [PMID: 37452511 PMCID: PMC10787806 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The first-line treatment for ectopic pregnancy (EP), the chemotherapeutic methotrexate (MTX), has a failure rate of more than 10%, which can lead to severe complications or death. Inadequate accumulation of administered MTX at the ectopic implantation site significantly contributes to therapeutic failure. This study reports the first glutathione-responsive polymersomes for efficient delivery of MTX to the implantation site and its triggered release in placental cells. Fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging have confirmed that the developed polymersomes preferentially accumulate after systemic administration in the implantation site of pregnant mice at early gestational stages. The high concentrations of intracellular glutathione (GSH) reduce an incorporated disulfide bond within polymersomes upon internalization into placental cells, resulting in their disintegration and efficient drug release. Consequently, MTX delivered by polymersomes induces pregnancy demise in mice, as opposed to free MTX at the same dose regimen. To achieve the same therapeutic efficacy with free MTX, a sixfold increase in dosage is required. In addition, mice successfully conceive and birth healthy pups following a prior complete pregnancy demise induced by methotrexate polymersomes. Therefore, the developed MTX nanomedicine can potentially improve EP management and reduce associated mortality rates and related cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Mamnoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Abraham S Moses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Subisha Sundaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Constanze J Raitmayr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Terry Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and the Center for Developmental Health, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Maureen K Baldwin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Olena R Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
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17
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Greenbaum S, Averbukh I, Soon E, Rizzuto G, Baranski A, Greenwald NF, Kagel A, Bosse M, Jaswa EG, Khair Z, Kwok S, Warshawsky S, Piyadasa H, Goldston M, Spence A, Miller G, Schwartz M, Graf W, Van Valen D, Winn VD, Hollmann T, Keren L, van de Rijn M, Angelo M. A spatially resolved timeline of the human maternal-fetal interface. Nature 2023; 619:595-605. [PMID: 37468587 PMCID: PMC10356615 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in the first trimester, fetally derived extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the uterus and remodel its spiral arteries, transforming them into large, dilated blood vessels. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how EVTs coordinate with the maternal decidua to promote a tissue microenvironment conducive to spiral artery remodelling (SAR)1-3. However, it remains a matter of debate regarding which immune and stromal cells participate in these interactions and how this evolves with respect to gestational age. Here we used a multiomics approach, combining the strengths of spatial proteomics and transcriptomics, to construct a spatiotemporal atlas of the human maternal-fetal interface in the first half of pregnancy. We used multiplexed ion beam imaging by time-of-flight and a 37-plex antibody panel to analyse around 500,000 cells and 588 arteries within intact decidua from 66 individuals between 6 and 20 weeks of gestation, integrating this dataset with co-registered transcriptomics profiles. Gestational age substantially influenced the frequency of maternal immune and stromal cells, with tolerogenic subsets expressing CD206, CD163, TIM-3, galectin-9 and IDO-1 becoming increasingly enriched and colocalized at later time points. By contrast, SAR progression preferentially correlated with EVT invasion and was transcriptionally defined by 78 gene ontology pathways exhibiting distinct monotonic and biphasic trends. Last, we developed an integrated model of SAR whereby invasion is accompanied by the upregulation of pro-angiogenic, immunoregulatory EVT programmes that promote interactions with the vascular endothelium while avoiding the activation of maternal immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Greenbaum
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Inna Averbukh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erin Soon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rizzuto
- Department of Pathology, University of Californica San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex Baranski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam Kagel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marc Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eleni G Jaswa
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zumana Khair
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shirley Kwok
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mako Goldston
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angie Spence
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geneva Miller
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Schwartz
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Will Graf
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Van Valen
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Travis Hollmann
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leeat Keren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Michael Angelo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Kanter J, Gordon SM, Mani S, Sokalska A, Park JY, Senapati S, Huh DD, Mainigi M. Hormonal stimulation reduces numbers and impairs function of human uterine natural killer cells during implantation. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:1047-1059. [PMID: 37075311 PMCID: PMC10501469 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does an altered maternal hormonal environment, such as that seen during superovulation with gonadotropins in ART, impact human uterine immune cell distribution and function during the window of implantation? SUMMARY ANSWER Hormonal stimulation with gonadotropins alters abundance of maternal immune cells including uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and reduces uNK cell ability to promote extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY An altered maternal hormonal environment, seen following ART, can lead to increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes associated with disordered placentation. Maternal immune cells play an essential role in invasion of EVTs, a process required for proper establishment of the placenta, and adverse perinatal outcomes have been associated with altered immune cell populations. How ART impacts maternal immune cells and whether this can in turn affect implantation and placentation in humans remain unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective cohort study was carried out between 2018 and 2021 on 51 subjects: 20 from natural cycles 8 days after LH surge; and 31 from stimulated IVF cycles 7 days after egg retrieval. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Endometrial biopsies and peripheral blood samples were collected during the window of implantation in subjects with regular menstrual cycles or undergoing superovulation. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels were measured by chemiluminescent competitive immunoassay. Immune cell populations in blood and endometrium were analyzed using flow cytometry. uNK cells were purified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Functional changes in uNK cells due to hormonal stimulation were evaluated using the implantation-on-a-chip (IOC) device, a novel bioengineered platform using human primary cells that mimics early processes that occur during pregnancy in a physiologically relevant manner. Unpaired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and pairwise multiple comparison tests were used to statistically evaluate differences. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Baseline characteristics were comparable for both groups. As expected, serum estradiol levels on the day of biopsy were significantly higher in stimulated (superovulated) patients (P = 0.0005). In the setting of superovulation, we found an endometrium-specific reduction in the density of bulk CD56+ uNK cells (P < 0.05), as well as in the uNK3 subpopulation (P = 0.025) specifically (CD103+ NK cells). In stimulated samples, we also found that the proportion of endometrial B cells was increased (P < 0.0001). Our findings were specific to the endometrium and not seen in peripheral blood. On the IOC device, uNK cells from naturally cycling secretory endometrium promote EVT invasion (P = 0.03). However, uNK cells from hormonally stimulated endometrium were unable to significantly promote EVT invasion, as measured by area of invasion, depth of invasion, and number of invaded EVTs by area. Bulk RNA-seq of sorted uNK cells from stimulated and unstimulated endometrium revealed changes in signaling pathways associated with immune cell trafficking/movement and inflammation. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Patient numbers utilized for the study were low but were enough to identify significant overall population differences in select immune cell types. With additional power and deeper immune phenotyping, we may detect additional differences in immune cell composition of blood and endometrium in the setting of hormonal stimulation. Flow cytometry was performed on targeted immune cell populations that have shown involvement in early pregnancy. A more unbiased approach might identify changes in novel maternal immune cells not investigated in this study. We performed RNA-seq only on uNK cells, which demonstrated differences in gene expression. Ovarian stimulation may also impact gene expression and function of other subsets of immune cells, as well as other cell types within the endometrium. Finally, the IOC device, while a major improvement over existing in vitro methods to study early pregnancy, does not include all possible maternal cells present during early pregnancy, which could impact functional effects seen. Immune cells other than uNK cells may impact invasion of EVTs in vitro and in vivo, though these remain to be tested. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings demonstrate that hormonal stimulation affects the distribution of uNK cells during the implantation window and reduces the proinvasive effects of uNK cells during early pregnancy. Our results provide a potential mechanism by which fresh IVF cycles may increase risk of disorders of placentation, previously linked to adverse perinatal outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Research reported in this publication was supported by the University of Pennsylvania University Research Funding (to M.M.), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD068157 to M.M., S.S., and S.M.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (TL1TR001880 to J.K.), the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute (to S.M.G.), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K08AI151265 to S.M.G.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. All authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kanter
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S M Gordon
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Mani
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Sokalska
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Senapati
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D D Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Mainigi
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Huang CC, Hsueh YW, Chang CW, Hsu HC, Yang TC, Lin WC, Chang HM. Establishment of the fetal-maternal interface: developmental events in human implantation and placentation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1200330. [PMID: 37266451 PMCID: PMC10230101 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Early pregnancy is a complex and well-orchestrated differentiation process that involves all the cellular elements of the fetal-maternal interface. Aberrant trophoblast-decidual interactions can lead to miscarriage and disorders that occur later in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, and preterm labor. A great deal of research on the regulation of implantation and placentation has been performed in a wide range of species. However, there is significant species variation regarding trophoblast differentiation as well as decidual-specific gene expression and regulation. Most of the relevant information has been obtained from studies using mouse models. A comprehensive understanding of the physiology and pathology of human implantation and placentation has only recently been obtained because of emerging advanced technologies. With the derivation of human trophoblast stem cells, 3D-organoid cultures, and single-cell analyses of differentiated cells, cell type-specific transcript profiles and functions were generated, and each exhibited a unique signature. Additionally, through integrative transcriptomic information, researchers can uncover the cellular dysfunction of embryonic and placental cells in peri-implantation embryos and the early pathological placenta. In fact, the clinical utility of fetal-maternal cellular trafficking has been applied for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies and the prediction of pregnancy complications. Furthermore, recent studies have proposed a viable path toward the development of therapeutic strategies targeting placenta-enriched molecules for placental dysfunction and diseases.
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Haider S, Beristain AG. Human organoid systems in modeling reproductive tissue development, function, and disease. Hum Reprod 2023:7147082. [PMID: 37119533 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research focused on human reproductive biology has primarily relied upon clinical samples affording mainly descriptive studies with limited implementation of functional or mechanistic understanding. More importantly, restricted access to human embryonic material has necessitated the use of animals, primarily rats and mice, and short-term primary cell cultures derived from human patient material. While reproductive developmental processes are generally conserved across mammals, specific features unique to human reproduction have resulted in the development of human-based in vitro systems designed to retain or recapitulate key molecular and cellular processes important in humans. Of note, major advances in 3D epithelial stem cell-based systems modeling human reproductive organ development have been made. These cultures, broadly referred to as organoids, enable research aimed at understanding cellular hierarchies and processes controlling cellular differentiation and function. Moreover, organoids allow the pre-clinical testing of pharmacological substances, both from safety and efficacy standpoints, and hold large potential in driving aspects of personalized medicine that were previously not possible with traditional models. In this mini-review, we focus on summarizing the current state of regenerative organoid culture systems of the female and male reproductive tracts that model organ development, maintenance, and function. Specifically, we will introduce stem cell-based organoid models of the ovary/fallopian tube, endometrium, cervix, prostate gland, and testes. We will also describe organoid systems of the pre-implanting blastocyst and trophoblast, as the blastocyst and its extraembryonic trophectoderm are central to fetal, maternal, and overall pregnancy health. We describe the foundational studies leading to their development and outline the utility as well as specific limitations that are unique and common to many of these in vitro platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Haider
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Zhou Z, Luo D, Li M, Lao G, Zhou Z, Dinnyés A, Xu W, Sun Q. A Novel Multicellular Placental Barrier Model to Investigate the Effect of Maternal Aflatoxin B 1 Exposure on Fetal-Side Neural Stem Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050312. [PMID: 37235346 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of food toxins such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) during pregnancy may impair fetal neurodevelopment. However, animal model results may not be accurate due to the species' differences, and testing on humans is ethically impermissible. Here, we developed an in vitro human maternal-fetal multicellular model composed of a human hepatic compartment, a bilayer placental barrier, and a human fetal central nervous system compartment using neural stem cells (NSCs) to investigate the effect of AFB1 on fetal-side NSCs. AFB1 passed through the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells to mimic the maternal metabolic effects. Importantly, even at the limited concentration (0.0641 ± 0.0046 μM) of AFB1, close to the national safety level standard of China (GB-2761-2011), the mixture of AFB1 crossing the placental barrier induced NSC apoptosis. The level of reactive oxygen species in NSCs was significantly elevated and the cell membrane was damaged, causing the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05). The comet experiment and γ-H2AX immunofluorescence assay showed that AFB1 caused significant DNA damage to NSCs (p < 0.05). This study provided a new model for the toxicological evaluation of the effect of food mycotoxin exposure during pregnancy on fetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mengxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guangjie Lao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - András Dinnyés
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wenming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of the Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Kühne BA, Gutierrez-Vázquez L, Sánchez Lamelas E, Guardia-Escote L, Pla L, Loreiro C, Gratacós E, Barenys M, Illa M. Lactoferrin/sialic acid prevents adverse effects of intrauterine growth restriction on neurite length: investigations in an in vitro rabbit neurosphere model. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1116405. [PMID: 37180944 PMCID: PMC10169722 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a well-known cause of impaired neurodevelopment during life. In this study, we aimed to characterize alterations in neuronal development underlying IUGR and discover strategies to ameliorate adverse neurodevelopment effects by using a recently established rabbit in vitro neurosphere culture. Methods IUGR was surgically induced in pregnant rabbits by ligation of placental vessels in one uterine horn, while the contralateral horn remained unaffected for normal growth (control). At this time point, rabbits were randomly assigned to receive either no treatment, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), melatonin (MEL), or lactoferrin (LF) until c-section. Neurospheres consisting of neural progenitor cells were obtained from control and IUGR pup's whole brain and comparatively analyzed for the ability to differentiate into neurons, extend neurite length, and form dendritic branching or pre-synapses. We established for the very first time a protocol to cultivate control and IUGR rabbit neurospheres not only for 5 days but under long-term conditions up to 14 days under differentiation conditions. Additionally, an in vitro evaluation of these therapies was evaluated by exposing neurospheres from non-treated rabbits to DHA, MEL, and SA (sialic acid, which is the major lactoferrin compound) and by assessing the ability to differentiate neurons, extend neurite length, and form dendritic branching or pre-synapses. Results We revealed that IUGR significantly increased the neurite length after 5 days of cultivation in vitro, a result in good agreement with previous in vivo findings in IUGR rabbits presenting more complex dendritic arborization of neurons in the frontal cortex. MEL, DHA, and SA decreased the IUGR-induced length of primary dendrites in vitro, however, only SA was able to reduce the total neurite length to control level in IUGR neurospheres. After prenatal in vivo administration of SAs parent compound LF with subsequent evaluation in vitro, LF was able to prevent abnormal neurite extension. Discussion We established for the first time the maintenance of the rabbit neurosphere culture for 14 days under differentiation conditions with increasing complexity of neuronal length and branching up to pre-synaptic formation. From the therapies tested, LF or its major compound, SA, prevents abnormal neurite extension and was therefore identified as the most promising therapy against IUGR-induced changes in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Anna Kühne
- Grup de Recerca en Toxicologia (GRET) i INSA-UB, Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- BCNatal | Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Gutierrez-Vázquez
- Grup de Recerca en Toxicologia (GRET) i INSA-UB, Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Sánchez Lamelas
- Grup de Recerca en Toxicologia (GRET) i INSA-UB, Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Grup de Recerca en Toxicologia (GRET) i INSA-UB, Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pla
- BCNatal | Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Loreiro
- BCNatal | Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal | Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barenys
- Grup de Recerca en Toxicologia (GRET) i INSA-UB, Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Illa
- BCNatal | Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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23
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Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Physiological and Pathological Pregnancy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030402. [PMID: 36979094 PMCID: PMC10045867 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic immunological changes occurring throughout pregnancy are well-orchestrated and important for the success of the pregnancy. One of the key immune adaptations is the maternal immune tolerance towards the semi-allogeneic fetus. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of what is known about the innate and adaptive immunological changes in pregnancy and the role(s) of specific immune cells during physiological and pathological pregnancy. Alongside this, we provided details of remaining questions and challenges, as well as future perspectives for this growing field of research. Understanding the immunological changes that occur can inform potential strategies on treatments for the optimal health of the neonate and pregnant individual both during and after pregnancy.
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Hanson KL, Weir RK, Iosif AM, Van de Water J, Carter CS, McAllister AK, Bauman MD, Schumann CM. Altered dendritic morphology in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of nonhuman primates prenatally exposed to maternal immune activation. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:92-101. [PMID: 36610487 PMCID: PMC10023379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women who contract a viral or bacterial infection during pregnancy have an increased risk of giving birth to a child with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. The effects of maternal infection are likely mediated by the maternal immune response, as preclinical animal models have confirmed that maternal immune activation (MIA) leads to long lasting changes in offspring brain and behavior development. The present study sought to determine the impact of MIA-exposure during the first or second trimester on neuronal morphology in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus from brain tissue obtained from MIA-exposed and control male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) during late adolescence. MIA-exposed offspring display increased neuronal dendritic branching in pyramidal cells in DLPFC infra- and supragranular layers relative to controls, with no significant differences observed between offspring exposed to maternal infection in the first and second trimester. In addition, the diameter of apical dendrites in DLPFC infragranular layer is significantly decreased in MIA-exposed offspring relative to controls, irrespective of trimester exposure. In contrast, alterations in hippocampal neuronal morphology of MIA-exposed offspring were not evident. These findings demonstrate that a maternal immune challenge during pregnancy has long-term consequences for primate offspring dendritic structure, selectively in a brain region vital for socioemotional and cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari L Hanson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, United States; MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Ruth K Weir
- Innovation & Enterprise Department, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Maria Iosif
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Judy Van de Water
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States; Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, United States
| | | | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, United States; MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, United States.
| | - Cynthia M Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, United States; MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States.
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25
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Rosinski JR, Raasch LE, Barros Tiburcio P, Breitbach ME, Shepherd PM, Yamamoto K, Razo E, Krabbe NP, Bliss MI, Richardson AD, Einwalter MA, Weiler AM, Sneed EL, Fuchs KB, Zeng X, Noguchi KK, Morgan TK, Alberts AJ, Antony KM, Kabakov S, Ausderau KK, Bohm EK, Pritchard JC, Spanton RV, Ver Hoove JN, Kim CBY, Nork TM, Katz AW, Rasmussen CA, Hartman A, Mejia A, Basu P, Simmons HA, Eickhoff JC, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT, Mohr EL, Dudley DM, O’Connor DH, Newman CM. Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011282. [PMID: 36976812 PMCID: PMC10081769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about the impacts of gestational African-lineage ZIKV infections. Given high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens in regions where African-lineage ZIKV circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a higher risk of African-lineage ZIKV-associated birth defects. Remarkably, in both SIV+ and SIV- animals, ZIKV infection early in the first trimester caused a high incidence (78%) of spontaneous pregnancy loss within 20 days. These findings suggest a significant risk for early pregnancy loss associated with African-lineage ZIKV infection and provide the first consistent ZIKV-associated phenotype in macaques for testing medical countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R. Rosinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Lauren E. Raasch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Patrick Barros Tiburcio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Phoenix M. Shepherd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Elaina Razo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Nicholas P. Krabbe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Mason I. Bliss
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Alexander D. Richardson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Morgan A. Einwalter
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Emily L. Sneed
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Kerri B. Fuchs
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, Maryland, Unites States of America
| | - Kevin K. Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Washington, Unites States of America
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University; Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University; Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
| | - Alexandra J. Alberts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Sabrina Kabakov
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Karla K. Ausderau
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, University of Minnesota; St. Paul, Minnesota, Unites States of America
| | - Julia C. Pritchard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, University of Minnesota; St. Paul, Minnesota, Unites States of America
| | - Rachel V. Spanton
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - James N. Ver Hoove
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Charlene B. Y. Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - T. Michael Nork
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Alex W. Katz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Carol A. Rasmussen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Amy Hartman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Puja Basu
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, University of Minnesota; St. Paul, Minnesota, Unites States of America
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, Unites States of America
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Animal Models for Studying Congenital Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030618. [PMID: 36985191 PMCID: PMC10057890 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most intriguing issues in the hepatitis E virus (HEV) field is the significant increase in mortality rates of the mother and fetus when infection occurs in the second and third trimesters of gestation. A virus that is normally self-limiting and has a mortality rate of less than one percent in otherwise healthy individuals steeply rises by up to 30% in these pregnant populations. Answering this pivotal question has not been a simple task. HEV, in general, has been a difficult pathogen to understand in the laboratory setting. A historical lack of ability to efficiently propagate the virus in tissue culture models has led to many molecular aspects of the viral lifecycle being understudied. Although great strides have been made in recent years to adapt viruses to cell culture, this field remains behind other viruses that are much easier to replicate efficiently in vitro. Some of the greatest discoveries regarding HEV have come from using animal models for which naturally occurring strains of HEV have been identified, including pigs and chickens, but key limitations have made animal models imperfect for studying all aspects of human HEV infections. In addition to the difficulties working with HEV, pregnancy is a very complicated biological process with an elaborate interplay between many different host systems, including hormones, cardiovascular, kidneys, respiratory, gastrointestinal, epithelial, liver, metabolic, immune, and others. Significant differences between the timing and interplay of these systems are notable between species, and making direct comparisons between animals and humans can be difficult at times. No simple answer exists as to how HEV enhances mortality in pregnant populations. One of the best approaches to studying HEV in pregnancy is likely a combinatorial approach that uses the best combination of emerging in vitro and in vivo systems while accounting for the deficiencies that are present in each model. This review describes many of the current HEV animal model systems and the strengths and weaknesses of each as they apply to HEV pregnancy-associated mortality. We consider factors that are critical to analyzing HEV infection within the host and how, despite no perfect animal model for human pregnancy mortality existing, recent developments in HEV models, both in vitro and in vivo, are advancing our overall understanding of HEV in the pregnant host.
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27
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Fetal Growth and Osteogenesis Dynamics during Early Development in the Ovine Species. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050773. [PMID: 36899630 PMCID: PMC10000038 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased knowledge of the developmental processes during gestation could provide valuable information on potential alterations in embryonic/fetal development. We examined the development of ovine conceptus between the 20th and 70th day of gestation with three convergent analyses: (1) uterus ultrasound examination and measurement (eco) of crown-rump length (CRL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) of the conceptus; (2) direct measurement (vivo) of CRL and BPD of the conceptus outside the uterus (3) osteo-cartilage dynamics during development by differential staining. No significant differences were observed between eco and vivo measurements for CRL and BPD in all examined concepti. CRL and BPD, instead, showed a significant positive linear correlation with gestational age. The study of osteogenesis dynamics has demonstrated a completely cartilaginous ovine fetus at up to 35 days of gestation. The ossification begins in the skull (40th day) and is almost complete between the 65th and the 70th of pregnancy. Our study highlighted that CRL and BPD are accurate parameters for gestational age estimation in the first part of sheep pregnancy and provides an overview of osteochondral temporal dynamics. Furthermore, tibia ossification is a valid parameter to estimate fetal age by ultrasound.
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Developmental Programming in Animal Models: Critical Evidence of Current Environmental Negative Changes. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:442-463. [PMID: 35697921 PMCID: PMC9191883 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) approach answers questions surrounding the early events suffered by the mother during reproductive stages that can either partially or permanently influence the developmental programming of children, predisposing them to be either healthy or exhibit negative health outcomes in adulthood. Globally, vulnerable populations tend to present high obesity rates, including among school-age children and women of reproductive age. In addition, adults suffer from high rates of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, and other metabolic diseases. The increase in metabolic outcomes has been associated with the combination of maternal womb conditions and adult lifestyle-related factors such as malnutrition and obesity, smoking habits, and alcoholism. However, to date, "new environmental changes" have recently been considered negative factors of development, such as maternal sedentary lifestyle, lack of maternal attachment during lactation, overcrowding, smog, overurbanization, industrialization, noise pollution, and psychosocial stress experienced during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to recognize how all these factors impact offspring development during pregnancy and lactation, a period in which the subject cannot protect itself from these mechanisms. This review aims to introduce the importance of studying DOHaD, discuss classical programming studies, and address the importance of studying new emerging programming mechanisms, known as actual lifestyle factors, during pregnancy and lactation.
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29
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Cherubini M, Haase K. A Bioengineered Model for Studying Vascular-Pericyte Interactions of the Placenta. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:409-423. [PMID: 36653720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the complex cellular interactions of the placenta has remained, until now, a challenge in the field. Given the ethical limitations of studying human placentae, and the interspecies differences that exist between mammals, in vitro models are a valuable tool for investigating developmental and pathologic processes related to the human placenta. A number of in vitro models have been recently employed to investigate various aspects of placental development, with many focusing on the maternal-fetal interface including the trophoblasts and an endothelial barrier. One critical aspect in mimicking the physiology of the placenta is to include perfusable microvessels. As this organ is highly vascularized, it is pertinent to represent the exchange of oxygen and nutrients from the maternal blood to the embedded vessels of the fetus. Using hydrogel-laden microfluidics, it is now possible to bioengineer these and other microvessels in a reproducible manner. By using HUVEC, fetal-like vessels can be generated on a chip and can be studied in a controlled manner. This chapter introduces the concept of generating a triculture vasculature on-chip system, which can be employed to study placental pericyte-endothelial interactions. We describe strategies for generating the vessels on-chip, as well as for quantifying vascular morphology and function. This methodology allows for unique microvessel-related biological questions to be addressed, including how stromal cells impact vascular remodeling over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cherubini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Barcelona, Spain.
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Lo JO, Schabel MC, Gaffney J, Lewandowski KS, Kroenke CD, Roberts CT, Scottoline BP, Frias AE, Sullivan EL, Roberts VHJ. Impaired placental hemodynamics and function in a non-human primate model of gestational protein restriction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:841. [PMID: 36646824 PMCID: PMC9842719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition increases fetal and neonatal morbidity, partly by affecting placental function and morphology, but its impact on placental hemodynamics are unknown. Our objective was to define the impact of maternal malnutrition on placental oxygen reserve and perfusion in vivo in a rhesus macaque model of protein restriction (PR) using advanced imaging. Animals were fed control (CON, 26% protein), 33% PR diet (17% protein), or a 50% PR diet (13% protein, n = 8/group) preconception and throughout pregnancy. Animals underwent Doppler ultrasound and fetal biometry followed by MRI at gestational days 85 (G85) and 135 (G135; term is G168). Pregnancy loss rates were 0/8 in CON, 1/8 in 33% PR, and 3/8 in 50% PR animals. Fetuses of animals fed a 50% PR diet had a smaller abdominal circumference (G135, p < 0.01). On MRI, placental blood flow was decreased at G135 (p < 0.05) and placental oxygen reserve was reduced (G85, p = 0.05; G135, p = 0.01) in animals fed a 50% PR diet vs. CON. These data demonstrate that a 50% PR diet reduces maternal placental perfusion, decreases fetal oxygen availability, and increases fetal mortality. These alterations in placental hemodynamics may partly explain human growth restriction and stillbirth seen with severe PR diets in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L458, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
| | - Matthias C Schabel
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jessica Gaffney
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Katherine S Lewandowski
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Christopher D Kroenke
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Charles T Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Brian P Scottoline
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Antonio E Frias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L458, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Victoria H J Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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Mice Placental ECM Components May Provide A Three-Dimensional Placental Microenvironment. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010016. [PMID: 36671588 PMCID: PMC9855196 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioethical limitations impair deeper studies in human placental physiology, then most studies use human term placentas or murine models. To overcome these challenges, new models have been proposed to mimetize the placental three-dimensional microenvironment. The placental extracellular matrix plays an essential role in several processes, being a part of the establishment of materno-fetal interaction. Regarding these aspects, this study aimed to investigate term mice placental ECM components, highlighting its collagenous and non-collagenous content, and proposing a potential three-dimensional model to mimetize the placental microenvironment. For that, 18.5-day-old mice placenta, both control and decellularized (n = 3 per group) were analyzed on Orbitrap Fusion Lumos spectrometer (ThermoScientific) and LFQ intensity generated on MaxQuant software. Proteomic analysis identified 2317 proteins. Using ECM and cell junction-related ontologies, 118 (5.1%) proteins were filtered. Control and decellularized conditions had no significant differential expression on 76 (64.4%) ECM and cell junction-related proteins. Enriched ontologies in the cellular component domain were related to cell junction, collagen and lipoprotein particles, biological process domain, cell adhesion, vasculature, proteolysis, ECM organization, and molecular function. Enriched pathways were clustered in cell adhesion and invasion, and labyrinthine vasculature regulation. These preserved ECM proteins are responsible for tissue stiffness and could support cell anchoring, modeling a three-dimensional structure that may allow placental microenvironment reconstruction.
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Navarrete E, Díaz G, Salazar AM, Montúfar-Chaveznava R, Caldelas I. Long-term changes in the diurnal temporal regulation and set points of metabolic parameters associated with chronic maternal overnutrition in rabbits. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E503-E516. [PMID: 36288336 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00144.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) and obesity have become a worldwide epidemic with an alarming prevalence in women of reproductive age. Maternal metabolic condition is considered a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes and long-term MS. In this study, we developed a rabbit model of maternal overnutrition via the chronic intake of a high-fat and carbohydrate diet (HFCD), and we determined the effects of this diet on maternal metabolism and offspring metabolic set points and temporal metabolic regulation in adult life. Before and during pregnancy, the female rabbits that consumed the HFCD exhibited significant changes in body weight, serum levels of analytes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, levels of liver and kidney damage markers, and liver histology. Our data suggest that rabbits are a valuable model for studying the development of MS associated with the chronic intake of unbalanced diets and fetal metabolic programming. Furthermore, the offspring of overnourished dams exhibited considerable changes in 24-h serum metabolite profiles in adulthood, with notable sexual dimorphism. These data suggest that maternal nutritional conditions due to the chronic intake of an HFCD adversely impact key elements related to the development of circadian rhythmicity in offspring.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal overnutrition previous and during pregnancy leads to long-term changes in the 24-h regulation and setpoint of metabolic profiles of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Navarrete
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Georgina Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Ivette Caldelas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Parsons A, Netsanet A, Seedorf G, Abman SH, Taglauer ES. Understanding the role of placental pathophysiology in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L651-L658. [PMID: 36219136 PMCID: PMC9722259 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00204.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and the gestational pathologies of chorioamnionitis (CA) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have become increasingly well recognized. However, the mechanisms through which these antenatal conditions cause increased risk of BPD remain less well characterized. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of the placenta in BPD predisposition as a primary driver of intrauterine alterations adversely impacting fetal lung development. We hypothesize that due to similarities in structure and function, placental disorders during pregnancy can uniquely impact the developing fetal lung, creating a unique placental-pulmonary connection. In the current review, we explore this hypothesis through analysis of clinical literature and preclinical model systems evaluating BPD predisposition, discussion of BPD phenotypes, and an overview on strategies to incorporate placental investigation into research on fetal lung development. We also discuss important concepts learned from research on antenatal steroids as a modulator fetal lung development. Finally, we propose that the appropriate selection of animal models and establishment of in vitro lung developmental model systems incorporating primary human placental components are key in continuing to understand and address antenatal predisposition to BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Parsons
- Boston Combined Residency Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adom Netsanet
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gregory Seedorf
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Steven H Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth S Taglauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bleeser T, Hubble TR, Van de Velde M, Deprest J, Rex S, Devroe S. Introduction and history of anaesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and overview of animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Hayder H, Shan Y, Chen Y, O’Brien JA, Peng C. Role of microRNAs in trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling: Implications for preeclampsia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:995462. [PMID: 36263015 PMCID: PMC9575991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.995462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression. The role of miRNAs in placental development and trophoblast function is constantly expanding. Trophoblast invasion and their ability to remodel uterine spiral arteries are essential for proper placental development and successful pregnancy outcome. Many miRNAs are reported to be dysregulated in pregnancy complications, especially preeclampsia and they exert various regulatory effects on trophoblasts. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and their mechanism of action, as well as of trophoblasts differentiation, invasion and spiral artery remodeling. We then discuss the role of miRNAs in trophoblasts invasion and spiral artery remodeling, focusing on miRNAs that have been thoroughly investigated, especially using multiple model systems. We also discuss the potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyam Hayder
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yanan Shan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chun Peng,
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Understanding the Tissue Specificity of ZIKV Infection in Various Animal Models for Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091517. [PMID: 36146595 PMCID: PMC9504629 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that belongs to the Flavivirus genus and is principally transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. ZIKV infection often causes no or only mild symptoms, but it can also trigger severe consequences, including microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barré syndrome, uveitis, and neurologic manifestations in adults. There is no ZIKV vaccine or treatment currently approved for clinical use. The primary target of ZIKV infection has been recognized as the maternal placenta, with vertical transmission to the fetal brain. However, ZIKV can also spread to multiple tissues in adults, including the sexual organs, eyes, lymph nodes, and brain. Since numerous studies have indicated that there are slightly different tissue-specific pathologies in each animal model of ZIKV, the distinct ZIKV tropism of a given animal model must be understood to enable effective vaccine development. Here, we comprehensively discussed the tissue specificity of ZIKV reported in each animal model depending on the genetic background and route of administration. This review should facilitate the selection of appropriate animal models when studying the fundamental pathogenesis of ZIKV infection, thereby supporting the design of optimal preclinical and clinical studies for the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Zambuto SG, Jain I, Clancy KBH, Underhill GH, Harley BAC. Role of Extracellular Matrix Biomolecules on Endometrial Epithelial Cell Attachment and Cytokeratin 18 Expression on Gelatin Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3819-3830. [PMID: 35994527 PMCID: PMC9581737 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The endometrium undergoes profound changes in tissue architecture and composition, both during the menstrual cycle as well as in the context of pregnancy. Dynamic remodeling processes of the endometrial extracellular matrix (ECM) are a major element of endometrial homeostasis, including changes across the menstrual cycle. A critical element of this tissue microenvironment is the endometrial basement membrane, a specialized layer of proteins that separates the endometrial epithelium from the underlying endometrial ECM. Bioengineering models of the endometrial microenvironment that present an appropriate endometrial ECM and basement membrane may provide an improved environment to study endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) function. Here, we exploit a tiered approach using two-dimensional high-throughput microarrays and three-dimensional gelatin hydrogels to define patterns of EEC attachment and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) expression in response to combinations of endometrial basement membrane proteins. We identify combinations (collagen IV + tenascin C; collagen I + collagen III; hyaluronic acid + tenascin C; collagen V; collagen V + hyaluronic acid; collagen III; and collagen I) that facilitate increased EEC attachment, increased CK18 intensity, or both. We also identify significant EEC mediated remodeling of the methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin matrix environment via analysis of nascent protein deposition. Together, we report efforts to tailor the localization of basement membrane-associated proteins and proteoglycans in order to investigate tissue-engineered models of the endometrial microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G Zambuto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ishita Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kathryn B H Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory H Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Vuoti E, Palosaari S, Peräniemi S, Tervahauta A, Kokki H, Kokki M, Tuukkanen J, Lehenkari P. In utero deposition of trace elements and metals in tissues. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127042. [PMID: 35905605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION All animals, including humans, are exposed to heavy metals which are known to accumulate in different tissues, especially in bone. During pregnancy, the maternal bone turnover is increased and the metals in the mother's body can be mobilized into the bloodstream. Heavy metals in maternal blood are known to pass through the placenta to the fetal blood and finally, deposited to bone tissue. However, there are no studies on the concentration of metals in the fetal solid tissues and until now, the rate of metal transfer from mother to fetus is not exactly known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of the blood, liver, placenta, and three different bones were collected from 17 pregnant ewes and their 27 fetuses. The animals had no known exposure to heavy metals. The concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, Tl, V, and Zn were analyzed using ICP-MS. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The concentration of Sb, Sn, Te, and Tl were under the detection limit in all the samples. The other metals were found in all maternal and fetal tissues, suggesting that all detectable metals cross the placenta. Blood concentrations were low compared to solid tissue concentrations. The concentrations of essential elements varied between maternal and fetal tissues, which could be explained by biological differences. The differences in concentrations of non-essential elements between the ewe and fetuses were smaller. The most significant differences were between maternal and fetal concentrations of Ba and Sr, which is at least partly explained by the mineralization degree of the bone. CONCLUSION Heavy metals accumulate in fetal solid tissues in sheep that are not directly exposed to heavy metals. Because of the differences in anatomy between human and sheep placenta, the accumulation in the tissue of human fetuses should be extrapolated cautiously. However, there might be some clinical relevance for fertile aged women who are exposed to heavy metals, such as women who work in the metal industry or who have undergone joint replacement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Vuoti
- Medical Faculty, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Sanna Palosaari
- Medical Faculty, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja Tervahauta
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kokki
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Kokki
- Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Medical Faculty, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Medical Faculty, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Balhara A, Kumar AR, Unadkat JD. Predicting Human Fetal Drug Exposure Through Maternal-Fetal PBPK Modeling and In Vitro or Ex Vivo Studies. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S94-S114. [PMID: 36106781 PMCID: PMC9494623 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Medication (drug) use in human pregnancy is prevalent. Determining fetal safety and efficacy of drugs is logistically challenging. However, predicting (not measuring) fetal drug exposure (systemic and tissue) throughout pregnancy is possible through maternal-fetal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation. Such prediction can inform fetal drug safety and efficacy. Fetal drug exposure can be quantified in 2 complementary ways. First, the ratio of the steady-state unbound plasma concentration in the fetal plasma (or area under the plasma concentration-time curve) to the corresponding maternal plasma concentration (ie, Kp,uu ). Second, the maximum unbound peak (Cu,max,ss,f ) and trough (Cu,min,ss,f ) fetal steady-state plasma concentrations. We (and others) have developed a maternal-fetal PBPK model that can successfully predict maternal drug exposure. To predict fetal drug exposure, the model needs to be populated with drug specific parameters, of which transplacental clearances (active and/or passive) and placental/fetal metabolism of the drug are critical. Herein, we describe in vitro studies in cells/tissue fractions or the perfused human placenta that can be used to determine these drug-specific parameters. In addition, we provide examples whereby this approach has successfully predicted systemic fetal exposure to drugs that passively or actively cross the placenta. Apart from maternal-fetal PBPK models, animal studies also have the potential to estimate fetal drug exposure by allometric scaling. Whether such scaling will be successful is yet to be determined. Here, we review the above approaches to predict fetal drug exposure, outline gaps in our knowledge to make such predictions and map out future research directions that could fill these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Balhara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aditya R Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Non-invasive monitoring of blood oxygenation in human placentas via concurrent diffuse optical spectroscopy and ultrasound imaging. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:1017-1030. [PMID: 35970929 PMCID: PMC9944515 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Direct assessment of blood oxygenation in the human placenta can provide information about placental function. However, the monitoring of placental oxygenation involves invasive sampling or imaging techniques that are poorly suited for bedside use. Here we show that placental oxygen haemodynamics can be non-invasively probed in real time and up to 4.2 cm below the body surface via concurrent frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy and ultrasound imaging. We developed a multimodal instrument to facilitate the assessment of the properties of the anterior placenta by leveraging image-reconstruction algorithms that integrate ultrasound information about the morphology of tissue layers with optical information on haemodynamics. In a pilot investigation involving placentas with normal function (15 women) or abnormal function (9 women) from pregnancies in the third trimester, we found no significant differences in baseline haemoglobin properties, but statistically significant differences in the haemodynamic responses to maternal hyperoxia. Our findings suggest that the non-invasive monitoring of placental oxygenation may aid the early detection of placenta-related adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal vascular malperfusion.
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Pla L, Kühne BA, Guardia-Escote L, Vázquez-Aristizabal P, Loreiro C, Flick B, Gratacós E, Barenys M, Illa M. Protocols for the Evaluation of Neurodevelopmental Alterations in Rabbit Models In Vitro and In Vivo. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:918520. [PMID: 35936386 PMCID: PMC9355155 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.918520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit model is gaining importance in the field of neurodevelopmental evaluation due to its higher similarity to humans in terms of brain development and maturation than rodents. In this publication, we detailed 14 protocols covering toxicological relevant endpoints for the assessment of neurodevelopmental adverse effects in the rabbit species. These protocols include both in vitro and in vivo techniques, which also cover different evaluation time-points, the neonatal period, and long-term examinations at postnatal days (PNDs) 50–70. Specifically, the protocols (P) included are as follows: neurosphere preparation (GD30/PND0; P2) and neurosphere assay (P3), behavioral ontogeny (PND1; P4), brain obtaining and brain weight measurement at two different ages: PND1 (P5) and PND70 (P12), neurohistopathological evaluations after immersion fixation for neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia (PND1; P6-9) or perfusion fixation (PND70; P12), motor activity (P11, open field), memory and sensory function (P11, object recognition test), learning (P10, Skinner box), and histological evaluation of plasticity (P13 and P14) through dendritic spines and perineuronal nets. The expected control values and their variabilities are presented together with the information on how to troubleshoot the most common issues related to each protocol. To sum up, this publication offers a comprehensive compilation of reliable protocols adapted to the rabbit model for neurodevelopmental assessment in toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pla
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Britta Anna Kühne
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paula Vázquez-Aristizabal
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Loreiro
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Burkhard Flick
- Department of Toxicology, NUVISAN ICB GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barenys
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Illa
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miriam Illa,
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Transplacental Passage and Fetal Effects of Antineoplastic Treatment during Pregnancy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133103. [PMID: 35804875 PMCID: PMC9264939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this paper we perform an introduction about pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC) and transplacental passage of antineoplastic agents. Furthermore, we describe therapeutic use and potential toxic effects of chemotherapeutic drug (alkylating agents, antimetabolites agents, anthracyclines, topoisomerase inhibitors, antimitotic agents, actinomycin-D, bleomycin) and targeted agents during pregnancy. This manuscript may be a useful and practical guide for the management of PAC, which is a challenge for clinicians that have to consider alike maternal benefits and fetal potential risks correlated to the antineoplastic treatment. Abstract The incidence of PAC is relatively infrequent among pregnant women. However, it has gradually increased in recent years, becoming a challenging area for clinicians that should take into account in the same way maternal benefits and fetal potential risks correlated to the antineoplastic treatment. None of the antineoplastic drugs is completely risk-free during the pregnancy, the timing of exposure and transplacental transfer properties influence the toxicity of the fetus. Despite the lack of guidelines about the management of PAC, several studies have described the use and the potential fetal and neonatal adverse events of antineoplastic drugs during pregnancy. We provide a review of the available literature about the transplacental passage and fetal effects of chemotherapy and targeted agents, to guide the clinicians in the most appropriate choices for the management of PAC.
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43
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Lopez-Tello J, Jimenez-Martinez MA, Salazar-Petres E, Patel R, George AL, Kay RG, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Identification of Structural and Molecular Signatures Mediating Adaptive Changes in the Mouse Kidney in Response to Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6287. [PMID: 35682969 PMCID: PMC9181623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is characterized by adaptations in the function of several maternal body systems that ensure the development of the fetus whilst maintaining health of the mother. The renal system is responsible for water and electrolyte balance, as well as waste removal. Thus, it is imperative that structural and functional changes occur in the kidney during pregnancy. However, our knowledge of the precise morphological and molecular mechanisms occurring in the kidney during pregnancy is still very limited. Here, we investigated the changes occurring in the mouse kidney during pregnancy by performing an integrated analysis involving histology, gene and protein expression assays, mass spectrometry profiling and bioinformatics. Data from non-pregnant and pregnant mice were used to identify critical signalling pathways mediating changes in the maternal kidneys. We observed an expansion of renal medulla due to proliferation and infiltration of interstitial cellular constituents, as well as alterations in the activity of key cellular signalling pathways (e.g., AKT, AMPK and MAPKs) and genes involved in cell growth/metabolism (e.g., Cdc6, Foxm1 and Rb1) in the kidneys during pregnancy. We also generated plasma and urine proteomic profiles, identifying unique proteins in pregnancy. These proteins could be used to monitor and study potential mechanisms of renal adaptations during pregnancy and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | | | - Esteban Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ritik Patel
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amy L George
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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44
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Dong C, Fu S, Karvas RM, Chew B, Fischer LA, Xing X, Harrison JK, Popli P, Kommagani R, Wang T, Zhang B, Theunissen TW. A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen identifies essential and growth-restricting genes in human trophoblast stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2548. [PMID: 35538076 PMCID: PMC9090837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent derivation of human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) provides a scalable in vitro model system of human placental development, but the molecular regulators of hTSC identity have not been systematically explored thus far. Here, we utilize a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen to comprehensively identify essential and growth-restricting genes in hTSCs. By cross-referencing our data to those from similar genetic screens performed in other cell types, as well as gene expression data from early human embryos, we define hTSC-specific and -enriched regulators. These include both well-established and previously uncharacterized trophoblast regulators, such as ARID3A, GATA2, and TEAD1 (essential), and GCM1, PTPN14, and TET2 (growth-restricting). Integrated analysis of chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and genome-wide location data reveals that the transcription factor TEAD1 regulates the expression of many trophoblast regulators in hTSCs. In the absence of TEAD1, hTSCs fail to complete faithful differentiation into extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells and instead show a bias towards syncytiotrophoblast (STB) differentiation, thus indicating that this transcription factor safeguards the bipotent lineage potential of hTSCs. Overall, our study provides a valuable resource for dissecting the molecular regulation of human placental development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shuhua Fu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rowan M Karvas
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brian Chew
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Laura A Fischer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jessica K Harrison
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pooja Popli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Kommagani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Thorold W Theunissen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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45
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Karvas RM, Khan SA, Verma S, Yin Y, Kulkarni D, Dong C, Park KM, Chew B, Sane E, Fischer LA, Kumar D, Ma L, Boon ACM, Dietmann S, Mysorekar IU, Theunissen TW. Stem-cell-derived trophoblast organoids model human placental development and susceptibility to emerging pathogens. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:810-825.e8. [PMID: 35523141 PMCID: PMC9136997 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast organoids derived from placental villi provide a 3D model system of human placental development, but access to first-trimester tissues is limited. Here, we report that trophoblast stem cells isolated from naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can efficiently self-organize into 3D stem-cell-derived trophoblast organoids (SC-TOs) with a villous architecture similar to primary trophoblast organoids. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the presence of distinct cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast clusters and a small cluster of extravillous trophoblasts, which closely correspond to trophoblast identities in the post-implantation embryo. These organoid cultures display clonal X chromosome inactivation patterns previously described in the human placenta. We further demonstrate that SC-TOs exhibit selective vulnerability to emerging pathogens (SARS-CoV-2 and Zika virus), which correlates with expression levels of their respective entry factors. The generation of trophoblast organoids from naive hPSCs provides an accessible 3D model system of the developing placenta and its susceptibility to emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan M Karvas
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shafqat A Khan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sonam Verma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yan Yin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Devesha Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kyoung-Mi Park
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian Chew
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eshan Sane
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A Fischer
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Nephrology and Institute for Informatics (I(2)), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Thorold W Theunissen
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, Room 3313, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Ryan AM, Bauman MD. Primate Models as a Translational Tool for Understanding Prenatal Origins of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated With Maternal Infection. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:510-523. [PMID: 35276404 PMCID: PMC8902899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women represent a uniquely vulnerable population during an infectious disease outbreak, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we are at the early stages of understanding the specific impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure during pregnancy, mounting epidemiological evidence strongly supports a link between exposure to a variety of maternal infections and an increased risk for offspring neurodevelopmental disorders. Inflammatory biomarkers identified from archived or prospectively collected maternal biospecimens suggest that the maternal immune response is the critical link between infection during pregnancy and altered offspring neurodevelopment. This maternal immune activation (MIA) hypothesis has been tested in animal models by artificially activating the immune system during pregnancy and evaluating the neurodevelopmental consequences in MIA-exposed offspring. Although the vast majority of MIA model research is carried out in rodents, the nonhuman primate model has emerged in recent years as an important translational tool. In this review, we briefly summarize human epidemiological studies that have prompted the development of translationally relevant MIA models. We then highlight notable similarities between humans and nonhuman primates, including placental structure, pregnancy physiology, gestational timelines, and offspring neurodevelopmental stages, that provide an opportunity to explore the MIA hypothesis in species more closely related to humans. Finally, we provide a comprehensive review of neurodevelopmental alterations reported in current nonhuman primate models of maternal infection and discuss future directions for this promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
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47
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Placental Models for Evaluation of Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery Systems for Pregnancy Associated Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050936. [PMID: 35625672 PMCID: PMC9138319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated disorders affect around 20% of pregnancies each year around the world. The risk associated with pregnancy therapeutic management categorizes pregnant women as “drug orphan” patients. In the last few decades, nanocarriers have demonstrated relevant properties for controlled drug delivery, which have been studied for pregnancy-associated disorders. To develop new drug dosage forms it is mandatory to have access to the right evaluation models to ensure their usage safety and efficacy. This review exposes the various placental-based models suitable for nanocarrier evaluation for pregnancy-associated therapies. We first review the current knowledge about nanocarriers as drug delivery systems and how placenta can be used as an evaluation model. Models are divided into three categories: in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo placental models. We then examine the recent studies using those models to evaluate nanocarriers behavior towards the placental barrier and which information can be gathered from these results. Finally, we propose a flow chart on the usage and the combination of models regarding the nanocarriers and nanoparticles studied and the intended therapeutic strategy.
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48
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Mask E, Hodara VL, Callery JE, Parodi LM, Obregon-Perko V, Yagi S, Glenn J, Frost P, Clemmons E, Patterson JL, Cox LA, Giavedoni LD. Molecular Approaches for the Validation of the Baboon as a Nonhuman Primate Model for the Study of Zika Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:880860. [PMID: 35493734 PMCID: PMC9046911 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.880860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHP) are particularly important for modeling infections with viruses that do not naturally replicate in rodent cells. Zika virus (ZIKV) has been responsible for sporadic epidemics, but in 2015 a disseminated outbreak of ZIKV resulted in the World Health Organization declaring it a global health emergency. Since the advent of this last epidemic, several NHP species, including the baboon, have been utilized for modeling and understanding the complications of ZIKV infection in humans; several health issues related to the outcome of infection have not been resolved yet and require further investigation. This study was designed to validate, in baboons, the molecular signatures that have previously been identified in ZIKV-infected humans and macaque models. We performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of baboons during acute ZIKV infection, including flow cytometry, cytokine, immunological, and transcriptomic analyses. We show here that, similar to most human cases, ZIKV infection of male baboons tends to be subclinical, but is associated with a rapid and transient antiviral interferon-based response signature that induces a detectable humoral and cell-mediated immune response. This immunity against the virus protects animals from challenge with a divergent ZIKV strain, as evidenced by undetectable viremia but clear anamnestic responses. These results provide additional support for the use of baboons as an alternative animal model to macaques and validate omic techniques that could help identify the molecular basis of complications associated with ZIKV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mask
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Vida L. Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jessica E. Callery
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Laura M. Parodi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Shigeo Yagi
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Glenn
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Patrice Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Laura A. Cox
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States,Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest Health Sciences University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Luis D. Giavedoni
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Luis D. Giavedoni,
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49
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Neurodevelopmental effects of maternal blood pressure management with noradrenaline during general anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery in the pregnant rabbit model. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2022; 39:511-520. [PMID: 35266919 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pregnant women, anaesthesia-induced hypotension is commonly treated using phenylephrine or noradrenaline, the rationale being to maintain uterine perfusion pressure and thereby uterine blood flow. Evidence for this strategy during general anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery is absent. OBJECTIVE To analyse the effects of treating anaesthesia-induced hypotension with noradrenaline on brain development of rabbit foetuses of mothers subjected to general anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery. We hypothesised that treatment of maternal hypotension would improve foetal outcomes. DESIGN Randomised controlled laboratory study using 21 pregnant rabbits (does) at 28 days of gestation. INTERVENTION Two hours of sevoflurane anaesthesia for a laparotomy without treatment of anaesthesia-induced hypotension (hypotension group) or with maintaining maternal mean arterial pressure above 80% of the awake value using noradrenaline (noradrenaline group). In the control group, does remained untouched. At term, all pups were delivered by caesarean section. One day later, the neurobehaviour of the pups was assessed and brains were harvested. MAIN OUTCOMES Neuron density in the frontal cortex for the comparison of noradrenaline groups versus hypotension groups was the primary outcome; the neurobehavioural scores and other histological outcomes were secondary outcomes. RESULTS In the noradrenaline groups and hypotension groups, neuron density in the frontal cortex was similar (1181 ± 162 versus 1189 ± 200 neurons mm-2, P = 0.870). However, significantly less foetal survival, lower sensory scores in neurobehavioural assessment and less proliferation were observed in the noradrenaline group when compared with the hypotension group. Neuron densities in other regions, total cell densities, biometrics and synaptogenesis were not affected. There were no differences between the control group and hypotension group. CONCLUSION During general anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery in rabbits, treatment of anaesthesia-induced hypotension using noradrenaline did not affect neuron densities but was associated with impaired foetal outcomes according to several secondary outcome parameters. Further studies are needed to investigate any clinical relevance and to determine the target blood pressure in pregnant women during general anaesthesia.
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50
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Beckman D, Seelke AMH, Bennett J, Dougherty P, Van Rompay KKA, Keesler R, Pesavento PA, Coffey LLA, Morrison JH, Bliss-Moreau E. Neuroanatomical abnormalities in a nonhuman primate model of congenital Zika virus infection. eLife 2022; 11:64734. [PMID: 35261339 PMCID: PMC8906804 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated neuropathological consequences of fetal ZIKV exposure in rhesus monkeys, a translatable animal model for human neural development, by carrying out quantitative neuroanatomical analyses of the nearly full-term brains of fetuses infected with ZIKV and procedure-matched controls. For each animal, a complete cerebral hemisphere was evaluated using immunohistochemical (IHC) and neuroanatomical techniques to detect virus, identify affected cell types, and evaluate gross neuroanatomical abnormalities. IHC staining revealed the presence of ZIKV in the frontal lobe, which contained activated microglia and showed increased apoptosis of immature neurons. ZIKV-infected animals exhibited macrostructural changes within the visual pathway. Regional differences tracked with the developmental timing of the brain, suggesting inflammatory processes related to viral infiltration swept through the cortex, followed by a wave of cell death resulting in morphological changes. These findings may help explain why some infants born with normal sized heads during the ZIKV epidemic manifest developmental challenges as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Beckman
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Adele M H Seelke
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bennett
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Paige Dougherty
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Rebekah Keesler
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Patricia A Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Lark L A Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Psychology, UC Davis, Davis, United States
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