1
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van der Klugt T, van den Biggelaar RHGA, Saris A. Host and bacterial lipid metabolism during tuberculosis infections: possibilities to synergise host- and bacteria-directed therapies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38916142 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2370979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, the most lethal infectious disease resulting in 1.3 million deaths annually. Treatments against Mtb are increasingly impaired by the growing prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance, which necessitates the development of new antibiotics or alternative therapeutic approaches. Upon infecting host cells, predominantly macrophages, Mtb becomes critically dependent on lipids as a source of nutrients. Additionally, Mtb produces numerous lipid-based virulence factors that contribute to the pathogen's ability to interfere with the host's immune responses and to create a lipid rich environment for itself. As lipids, lipid metabolism and manipulating host lipid metabolism play an important role for the virulence of Mtb, this review provides a state-of-the-art overview of mycobacterial lipid metabolism and concomitant role of host metabolism and host-pathogen interaction therein. While doing so, we will emphasize unexploited bacteria-directed and host-directed drug targets, and highlight potential synergistic drug combinations that hold promise for the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun van der Klugt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anno Saris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Ingale P, Singh S. Elucidating miR-146a-3p as a key player in autophagy and lipid metabolism in Leishmania major infection. Exp Parasitol 2024; 260:108745. [PMID: 38521196 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a key step involved in many unicellular eukaryotic diseases, including leishmaniasis, for cellular remodelling and differentiation during parasite's lifecycle. Lipids play a significant role in the infection process that begins with Leishmania major invading host cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small, 22-24 nucleotide noncoding regulatory RNAs, target mRNAs to modify gene expression and, subsequently, proteome output may have a regulatory role in altering the host cell processes. We observed miR-146a-3p expression increases in a time-dependent manner post Leishmania major infection. Transfecting miR-146a-3p mimic increases the expression of ATG7, an autophagy gene that encodes an E1-like enzyme in two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems required for autophagosome progression. HPGD (15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase) operates as an enzyme, converting prostaglandin to its non-active form. Microarray data and western studies reveal that miR-146a-3p targets and inhibits HPGD, thereby increasing prostaglandin activity in lipid droplets. Herein, our research focuses on miR-146a-3p, which boosts ATG7 expression while reducing HPGD post Leishmania major infections helping us comprehend the intricate network of microRNA, autophagy, and lipid metabolism in leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Ingale
- Systems Medicine Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SPPU Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Shailza Singh
- Systems Medicine Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SPPU Campus, Pune, 411007, India.
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3
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Bacci M, Lorito N, Smiriglia A, Subbiani A, Bonechi F, Comito G, Morriset L, El Botty R, Benelli M, López-Velazco JI, Caffarel MM, Urruticoechea A, Sflomos G, Malorni L, Corsini M, Ippolito L, Giannoni E, Meattini I, Matafora V, Havas K, Bachi A, Chiarugi P, Marangoni E, Morandi A. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 controls a lipid droplet-peroxisome axis and is a vulnerability of endocrine-resistant ER + breast cancer. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadf9874. [PMID: 38416843 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf9874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Targeting aromatase deprives ER+ breast cancers of estrogens and is an effective therapeutic approach for these tumors. However, drug resistance is an unmet clinical need. Lipidomic analysis of long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) ER+ breast cancer cells, a model of aromatase inhibitor resistance, revealed enhanced intracellular lipid storage. Functional metabolic analysis showed that lipid droplets together with peroxisomes, which we showed to be enriched and active in the LTED cells, controlled redox homeostasis and conferred metabolic adaptability to the resistant tumors. This reprogramming was controlled by acetyl-CoA-carboxylase-1 (ACC1), whose targeting selectively impaired LTED survival. However, the addition of branched- and very long-chain fatty acids reverted ACC1 inhibition, a process that was mediated by peroxisome function and redox homeostasis. The therapeutic relevance of these findings was validated in aromatase inhibitor-treated patient-derived samples. Last, targeting ACC1 reduced tumor growth of resistant patient-derived xenografts, thus identifying a targetable hub to combat the acquisition of estrogen independence in ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alfredo Smiriglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Subbiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonechi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Comito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Ludivine Morriset
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rania El Botty
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Hospital of Prato, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Joanna I López-Velazco
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria M Caffarel
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ander Urruticoechea
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Gipuzkoa Cancer Unit, OSI Donostialdea-Onkologikoa Foundation, Paseo Dr Begiristain 121, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - George Sflomos
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Malorni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Hospital of Prato, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Icro Meattini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vittoria Matafora
- IFOM ETS-AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Kristina Havas
- IFOM ETS-AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM ETS-AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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4
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Park C, Lim JM, Hong SC, Cho M. Monitoring the synthesis of neutral lipids in lipid droplets of living human cancer cells using two-color infrared photothermal microscopy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1237-1247. [PMID: 38274065 PMCID: PMC10806728 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the functions of lipid droplets (LDs) due to recent discoveries regarding their diverse roles. These functions encompass lipid metabolism, regulation of lipotoxicity, and signaling pathways that extend beyond their traditional role in energy storage. Consequently, there is a need to examine the molecular dynamics of LDs at the subcellular level. Two-color infrared photothermal microscopy (2C-IPM) has proven to be a valuable tool for elucidating the molecular dynamics occurring in LDs with sub-micrometer spatial resolution and molecular specificity. In this study, we employed the 2C-IPM to investigate the molecular dynamics of LDs in both fixed and living human cancer cells (U2OS cells) using the isotope labeling method. We investigated the synthesis of neutral lipids occurring in individual LDs over time after exposing the cells to excess saturated fatty acids while simultaneously comparing inherent lipid contents in LDs. We anticipate that these research findings will reveal new opportunities for studying lesser-known biological processes within LDs and other subcellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjong Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 02841 Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 02841 Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 02841 Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
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5
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Zhao P, Zhao Z, Yu Z, Chen L, Jin Y, Wu J, Ren Z. Application of synthetic lipid droplets in metabolic diseases. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1441. [PMID: 37997538 PMCID: PMC10668006 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study and synthesis of membrane organelles are becoming increasingly important, not only as simplified cellular models for corresponding molecular and metabolic studies but also for applications in synthetic biology of artificial cells and drug delivery vehicles. Lipid droplets (LDs) are central organelles in cellular lipid metabolism and are involved in almost all metabolic processes. Multiple studies have also demonstrated a high correlation between LDs and metabolic diseases. During these processes, LDs reveal a highly dynamic character, with their lipid fraction, protein composition and subcellular localisation constantly changing in response to metabolic demands. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have not been fully understood due to the limitations of cell biology approaches. Fortunately, developments in synthetic biology have provided a huge breakthrough for metabolism research, and methods for in vitro synthesis of LDs have been successfully established, with great advances in protein binding, lipid function, membrane dynamics and enzymatic reactions. AIMS AND METHODS In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the assembly and function of endogenous LDs, from the generation of lipid molecules to how they are assembled into LDs in the endoplasmic reticulum. In particular, we highlight two major classes of synthetic LD models for fabrication techniques and their recent advances in biology and explore their roles and challenges in achieving real applications of artificial LDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiP. R. China
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianShandongP. R. China
| | - Zichen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Lupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiP. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable ProductionWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiP. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable ProductionWuhanHubeiP. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubeiP. R. China
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6
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Giedt MS, Thomalla JM, White RP, Johnson MR, Lai ZW, Tootle TL, Welte MA. Adipose triglyceride lipase promotes prostaglandin-dependent actin remodeling by regulating substrate release from lipid droplets. Development 2023; 150:dev201516. [PMID: 37306387 PMCID: PMC10281261 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), crucial regulators of lipid metabolism, accumulate during oocyte development. However, their roles in fertility remain largely unknown. During Drosophila oogenesis, LD accumulation coincides with the actin remodeling necessary for follicle development. Loss of the LD-associated Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) disrupts both actin bundle formation and cortical actin integrity, an unusual phenotype also seen when the prostaglandin (PG) synthase Pxt is missing. Dominant genetic interactions and PG treatment of follicles indicate that ATGL acts upstream of Pxt to regulate actin remodeling. Our data suggest that ATGL releases arachidonic acid (AA) from LDs to serve as the substrate for PG synthesis. Lipidomic analysis detects AA-containing triglycerides in ovaries, and these are increased when ATGL is lost. High levels of exogenous AA block follicle development; this is enhanced by impairing LD formation and suppressed by reducing ATGL. Together, these data support the model that AA stored in LD triglycerides is released by ATGL to drive the production of PGs, which promote the actin remodeling necessary for follicle development. We speculate that this pathway is conserved across organisms to regulate oocyte development and promote fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. Giedt
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Roger P. White
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Matthew R. Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Harvard T.H. Chan Advanced Multi-omics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tina L. Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael A. Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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7
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Dias SSG, Cunha-Fernandes T, Soares VC, de Almeida CJG, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets in Zika neuroinfection: Potential targets for intervention? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e230044. [PMID: 37820117 PMCID: PMC10566564 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are evolutionarily conserved lipid-enriched organelles with a diverse array of cell- and stimulus-regulated proteins. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that intracellular pathogens exploit LD as energy sources, replication sites, and part of the mechanisms of immune evasion. Nevertheless, LD can also favor the host as part of the immune and inflammatory response to pathogens. The functions of LD in the central nervous system have gained great interest due to their presence in various cell types in the brain and for their suggested involvement in neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases. Only recently have the roles of LD in neuroinfections begun to be explored. Recent findings reveal that lipid remodelling and increased LD biogenesis play important roles for Zika virus (ZIKV) replication and pathogenesis in neural cells. Moreover, blocking LD formation by targeting DGAT-1 in vivo inhibited virus replication and inflammation in the brain. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism and LD biogenesis may represent potential strategies for anti-ZIKV treatment development. Here, we review the progress in understanding LD functions in the central nervous system in the context of the host response to Zika infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Tamires Cunha-Fernandes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Imunologia e Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cecília JG de Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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8
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Jovičić EJ, Janež AP, Eichmann TO, Koren Š, Brglez V, Jordan PM, Gerstmeier J, Lainšček D, Golob-Urbanc A, Jerala R, Lambeau G, Werz O, Zimmermann R, Petan T. Lipid droplets control mitogenic lipid mediator production in human cancer cells. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101791. [PMID: 37586657 PMCID: PMC10470291 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids and precursors of oxygenated lipid mediators with diverse functions, including the control of cell growth, inflammation and tumourigenesis. However, the molecular pathways that control the availability of PUFAs for lipid mediator production are not well understood. Here, we investigated the crosstalk of three pathways in the provision of PUFAs for lipid mediator production: (i) secreted group X phospholipase A2 (GX sPLA2) and (ii) cytosolic group IVA PLA2 (cPLA2α), both mobilizing PUFAs from membrane phospholipids, and (iii) adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which mediates the degradation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) stored in cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs). METHODS We combined lipidomic and functional analyses in cancer cell line models to dissect the trafficking of PUFAs between membrane phospholipids and LDs and determine the role of these pathways in lipid mediator production, cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate that lipid mediator production strongly depends on TAG turnover. GX sPLA2 directs ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs from membrane phospholipids into TAG stores, whereas ATGL is required for their entry into lipid mediator biosynthetic pathways. ATGL controls the release of PUFAs from LD stores and their conversion into cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived lipid mediators under conditions of nutrient sufficiency and during serum starvation. In starving cells, ATGL also promotes the incorporation of LD-derived PUFAs into phospholipids, representing substrates for cPLA2α. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the built-up of TAG stores by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is required for the production of mitogenic lipid signals that promote cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth. CONCLUSION This study shifts the paradigm of PLA2-driven lipid mediator signalling and identifies LDs as central lipid mediator production hubs. Targeting DGAT1-mediated LD biogenesis is a promising strategy to restrict lipid mediator production and tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jarc Jovičić
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pucer Janež
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Špela Koren
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Brglez
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paul M Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Duško Lainšček
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Golob-Urbanc
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST, Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR7275, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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9
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Fines DM, Schichnes D, Knight M, Anaya-Sanchez A, Thuong N, Cox J, Stanley SA. Mycobacterial formation of intracellular lipid inclusions is a dynamic process associated with rapid replication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552809. [PMID: 37609245 PMCID: PMC10441389 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid inclusions (ILI) are triacylglyceride rich organelles produced by mycobacteria thought to serve as energy reservoirs. It is believed that ILI are formed as a result of a dosR mediated transition from replicative growth to non-replicating persistence (NRP). ILI rich Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli have been reported during infection and in sputum, establishing their importance in Mtb pathogenesis. Studies conducted in mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium abscessus, or lab Mtb strains have demonstrated ILI formation in the presence of hypoxic, nitric oxide, nutrient limitation, or low nitrogen stress, conditions believed to emulate the host environment within which Mtb resides. Here, we show that M. marinum and clinical Mtb isolates make ILI during active replication in axenic culture independent of environmental stressors. By tracking ILI formation dynamics we demonstrate that ILI are quickly formed in the presence of fresh media or exogenous fatty acids but are rapidly depleted while bacteria are still actively replicating. We also show that the cell envelope is an alternate site for neutral lipid accumulation observed during stationary phase. In addition, we screen a panel of 60 clinical isolates and observe variation in ILI production during early log phase growth between and among Mtb lineages. Finally, we show that dosR expression level does not strictly correlate with ILI accumulation in fresh clinical isolates. Taken together, our data provide evidence of an active ILI formation pathway in replicating mycobacteria cultured in the absence of stressors, suggesting a decoupling of ILI formation from NRP.
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10
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Hüsler D, Stauffer P, Hilbi H. Tapping lipid droplets: A rich fat diet of intracellular bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:194-209. [PMID: 37429596 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and versatile organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. LDs consist of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, a phospholipid monolayer coat, and a variety of associated proteins. LDs are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum and have diverse roles in lipid storage, energy metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cellular signaling. In addition to their physiological cellular functions, LDs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and infections. A number of intracellular bacterial pathogens modulate and/or interact with LDs during host cell infection. Members of the genera Mycobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Chlamydia, and Salmonella exploit LDs as a source of intracellular nutrients and membrane components to establish their distinct intracellular replicative niches. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis, interactions, and functions of LDs, as well as on their role in lipid metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Hüsler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Stauffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Hammoudeh N, Soukkarieh C, Murphy DJ, Hanano A. Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101233. [PMID: 37156444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular homeostasis plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammoudeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, Wales, United Kingdom..
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria..
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12
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Bresgen N, Kovacs M, Lahnsteiner A, Felder TK, Rinnerthaler M. The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective. Biomolecules 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37371492 PMCID: PMC10301655 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks-including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis-exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are "Janus"-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.B.)
| | - Melanie Kovacs
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.B.)
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.B.)
| | - Thomas Klaus Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.B.)
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13
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Pacia MZ, Chorazy N, Sternak M, Wojnar-Lason K, Chlopicki S. Vascular lipid droplets formed in response to TNF, hypoxia or OA: biochemical composition and prostacyclin generation. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100355. [PMID: 36934842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of lipid droplets (LDs) in various cells plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the function of LDs in endothelial physiology and pathology is not well understood. In the present work, we investigated the formation of LDs and prostacyclin (PGI2) generation in the vascular tissue of isolated murine aortas following activation by pro-inflammatory factors: tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), angiotensin II (AngII), hypoxic conditions, or oleic acid (OA). The abundance, size, and biochemical composition of LDs was characterized based on Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging. We found that blockade of lipolysis by the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) delayed LDs degradation and simultaneously blunted PGI2 generation in aorta treated with all tested pro-inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, the analysis of Raman spectra of LDs in the isolated vessels stimulated by TNF, LPS, AngII, or hypoxia uncovered that these LDs were all rich in highly unsaturated lipids and had a negligible content of phospholipids and cholesterols. Additionally, by comparing the Raman signature of endothelial LDs under hypoxic or OA-overload conditions in the presence or absence of ATGL inhibitor, atglistatin, we show that atglistatin does not affect the biochemical composition of LDs. Altogether, independent of whether LDs were induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli, hypoxia, or oleic acid, and of whether they were composed of highly unsaturated or less unsaturated lipids, we observed LDs formation invariably associated with ATGL-dependent PGI2 generation. In conclusion, vascular LDs formation and ATGL-dependent PGI2 generation represent a universal response to vascular pro-inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Natalia Chorazy
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14, Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland
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14
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Dias SSG, Cunha-Fernandes T, Souza-Moreira L, Soares VC, Lima GB, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Santos J, Pereira-Dutra F, Freitas C, Reis PA, Rehen SK, Bozza FA, Souza TML, de Almeida CJG, Bozza PT. Metabolic reprogramming and lipid droplets are involved in Zika virus replication in neural cells. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:61. [PMID: 36882750 PMCID: PMC9992922 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global public health concern linked to adult neurological disorders and congenital diseases in newborns. Host lipid metabolism, including lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis, has been associated with viral replication and pathogenesis of different viruses. However, the mechanisms of LD formation and their roles in ZIKV infection in neural cells are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV regulates the expression of pathways associated with lipid metabolism, including the upregulation and activation of lipogenesis-associated transcription factors and decreased expression of lipolysis-associated proteins, leading to significant LD accumulation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in neural stem cells (NSCs). Pharmacological inhibition of DGAT-1 decreased LD accumulation and ZIKV replication in vitro in human cells and in an in vivo mouse model of infection. In accordance with the role of LDs in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity, we show that blocking LD formation has major roles in inflammatory cytokine production in the brain. Moreover, we observed that inhibition of DGAT-1 inhibited the weight loss and mortality induced by ZIKV infection in vivo. Our results reveal that LD biogenesis triggered by ZIKV infection is a crucial step for ZIKV replication and pathogenesis in neural cells. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism and LD biogenesis may represent potential strategies for anti-ZIKV treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza-Moreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle Barbosa Lima
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Santos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia A Reis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens Kastrup Rehen
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Lopes Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT/IDPN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, (CDTS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia J G de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Morrison T, Watts ER, Sadiku P, Walmsley SR. The emerging role for metabolism in fueling neutrophilic inflammation. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:427-441. [PMID: 36326284 PMCID: PMC10953397 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are a critical element of host defense and are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites. Such sites are frequently limited in oxygen and/or nutrient availability, presenting a metabolic challenge for infiltrating cells. Long believed to be uniquely dependent on glycolysis, it is now clear that neutrophils possess far greater metabolic plasticity than previously thought, with the capacity to generate energy stores and utilize extracellular proteins to fuel central carbon metabolism and biosynthetic activity. Out-with cellular energetics, metabolic programs have also been implicated in the production of neutrophils and their progenitors in the bone marrow compartment, activation of neutrophil antimicrobial responses, inflammatory and cell survival signaling cascades, and training of the innate immune response. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which metabolic processes sustain changes in neutrophil effector functions and how these are subverted in disease states provides exciting new avenues for the treatment of dysfunctional neutrophilic inflammation which are lacking in clinical practice to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Morrison
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Emily R. Watts
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Pranvera Sadiku
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Sarah R. Walmsley
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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16
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Panezai J, van Dyke T. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Immunomodulatory Actions in Periodontal Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040821. [PMID: 36839179 PMCID: PMC9965392 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a diverse set of molecules with remarkable contributions to human physiology. They not only serve as sources of fuel but also cellular structural components as well as substrates that provide bioactive metabolites. A growing body of evidence demonstrates their role in inflammation. Inflammation in the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm contributes to the pathology of periodontitis. The role PUFAs in modulating immuno-inflammatory reactions in periodontitis is only beginning to be uncovered as research continues to unravel their far-reaching immunologic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Panezai
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Thomas van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Centre for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard Faculty of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Danielli M, Perne L, Jarc Jovičić E, Petan T. Lipid droplets and polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking: Balancing life and death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1104725. [PMID: 36776554 PMCID: PMC9911892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1104725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are fat storage organelles ubiquitously distributed across the eukaryotic kingdom. They have a central role in regulating lipid metabolism and undergo a dynamic turnover of biogenesis and breakdown to meet cellular requirements for fatty acids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified in membrane phospholipids define membrane fluidity and can be released by the activity of phospholipases A2 to act as ligands for nuclear receptors or to be metabolized into a wide spectrum of lipid signaling mediators. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids are also highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which if left uncontrolled leads to ferroptotic cell death. On the one hand, lipid droplets act as antioxidant organelles that control polyunsaturated fatty acid storage in triglycerides in order to reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, preserve organelle function and prevent cell death, including ferroptosis. On the other hand, lipid droplet breakdown fine-tunes the delivery of polyunsaturated fatty acids into metabolic and signaling pathways, but unrestricted lipid droplet breakdown may also lead to the release of lethal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Precise regulation of lipid droplet turnover is thus essential for polyunsaturated fatty acid distribution and cellular homeostasis. In this review, we focus on emerging aspects of lipid droplet-mediated regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking, including the management of membrane lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis and lipid mediator signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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K L, M D S S, H M S, Y J I, M V P, C M A R, S N S, A M L, M N S, A M S, S S S, J P Z. Action of BjussuMP-II, a snake venom metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, on human neutrophils. Toxicon 2023; 222:106992. [PMID: 36493931 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are enzymatic proteins present in large amounts in snake venoms presenting proteolytic, hemorrhagic, and coagulant activities. BjussuMP-II, a class P-I SVMP, isolated from the Bothrops jararacussu snake venom does not have relevant hemorrhagic activity but presents fibrinolytic, fibrinogenolytic, antiplatelet, gelatinolytic, and collagenolytic action. This study aimed to verify the action of BjussuMP-II on human neutrophil functionality focusing on the lipid bodies formation and hydrogen peroxide production, the release of dsDNA through colorimetric and microscopic assays, and cytokines by immunoenzymatic assays. Results showed that BjussuMP-II at concentrations of 1.5 up to 50 μg/mL for 24 h is not toxic to human neutrophils using an MTT assay. Under non-cytotoxic concentrations, BjussuMP-II can induce an increase in the formation of lipid bodies, production of hydrogen peroxide and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8)] liberation and, the release of dsDNA to form NETs. Taken together, the data obtained show for the first time that BjussuMP-II has a pro-inflammatory action and activates human neutrophils that can contribute to local damage observed in snakebite victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisita K
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco-AC, Brazil
| | - Silva M D S
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Santana H M
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Ikenohuchi Y J
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Paloschi M V
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Rego C M A
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Serrath S N
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Lima A M
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos Aplicados à Saúde, LABIOPROT, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EPIAMO, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Sousa M N
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos Aplicados à Saúde, LABIOPROT, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EPIAMO, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Soares A M
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos Aplicados à Saúde, LABIOPROT, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EPIAMO, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Setúbal S S
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil.
| | - Zuliani J P
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil.
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19
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Andrade YMFDS, Castro MVD, Tavares VDS, Souza RDSO, Faccioli LH, Lima JB, Sorgi CA, Borges VM, Araújo-Santos T. Polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the formation of lipid droplets and eicosanoid production in Leishmania promastigotes. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220160. [PMID: 36888851 PMCID: PMC9991015 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge about eicosanoid metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) formation in the Leishmania is very limited and new approaches are needed to identify which bioactive molecules are produced of them. OBJECTIVES Herein, we compared LDs and eicosanoids biogenesis in distinct Leishmania species which are etiologic agents of different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. METHODS For this, promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum were stimulated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and LD and eicosanoid production was evaluated. We also compared mutations in structural models of human-like cyclooxygenase-2 (GP63) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) proteins, as well as the levels of these enzymes in parasite cell extracts. FINDINGS PUFAs modulate the LD formation in L. braziliensis and L. infantum. Leishmania spp with equivalent tissue tropism had same protein mutations in GP63 and PGFS. No differences in GP63 production were observed among Leishmania spp, however PGFS production increased during the parasite differentiation. Stimulation with arachidonic acid resulted in elevated production of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids compared to prostaglandins. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest LD formation and eicosanoid production are distinctly modulated by PUFAS dependent of Leishmania species. In addition, eicosanoid-enzyme mutations are more similar between Leishmania species with same host tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monara Viera de Castro
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Barreiras, BA, Brasil
| | - Victor de Souza Tavares
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Barreiras, BA, Brasil
| | - Rayane da Silva Oliveira Souza
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Barreiras, BA, Brasil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Jonilson Berlink Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Barreiras, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Valéria M Borges
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Théo Araújo-Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Barreiras, BA, Brasil
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20
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de Almeida PE, Pereira de Sousa NM, Rampinelli PG, Silva RVDS, Correa JR, D’Avila H. Lipid droplets as multifunctional organelles related to the mechanism of evasion during mycobacterial infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1102643. [PMID: 36909724 PMCID: PMC9996354 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the Mycobaterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex. The modulation of the lipid metabolism has been implicated in the immune response regulation, including the formation of lipid droplets (LD)s, LD-phagosome association and eicosanoid synthesis. Mtb, M. bovis BCG and other pathogenic mycobacteria, as well as wall components, such as LAM, can induce LDs formation in a mechanism involving surface receptors, for instance TLRs, CD36, CD14, CD11b/CD18 and others. In addition, the activation of the lipid-activated nuclear receptor PPARγ is involved in the mechanisms of LD biogenesis, as well as in the modulation of the synthesis of lipid mediators. In infected cells, LDs are sites of compartmentalized prostaglandin E2 synthesis involved in macrophage deactivation, bacterial replication and regulation of the host cytokine profile. LDs also have a function in vesicle traffic during infection. Rab7 and RILP, but not Rab5, are located on LDs of infected macrophages, suggesting that LDs and phagosomes could exchange essential proteins for phagosomal maturation, interfering in mycobacterial survival. The pharmacological inhibition of LDs biogenesis affects the bacterial replication and the synthesis of lipid mediators and cytokines, suggesting that LDs may be new targets for antimicrobial therapies. However, it is still controversial if the accumulation of LDs favors the mycobacterial survival acting as an escape mechanism, or promotes the host resistance to infection. Thus, in this mini-review we discuss recent advances in understanding the important role of LDs in the course of infections and the implications for the pathophysiology of mycobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Elaine de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Heloisa D’Avila, ; Patrícia Elaine de Almeida, ; José Raimundo Correa,
| | - Núbia Maria Pereira de Sousa
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Vieira de Sousa Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Raimundo Correa
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Heloisa D’Avila, ; Patrícia Elaine de Almeida, ; José Raimundo Correa,
| | - Heloisa D’Avila
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Heloisa D’Avila, ; Patrícia Elaine de Almeida, ; José Raimundo Correa,
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21
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Audet-Delage Y, Rouleau M, Villeneuve L, Guillemette C. The Glycosyltransferase Pathway: An Integrated Analysis of the Cell Metabolome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12101006. [PMID: 36295907 PMCID: PMC9609030 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are critical to the homeostasis of endogenous metabolites and the detoxification of xenobiotics. Their impact on the cell metabolome remains unknown. Cellular metabolic changes resulting from human UGT expression were profiled by untargeted metabolomics. The abundant UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 were studied as UGT prototypes along with their alternative (alt.) splicing-derived isoforms displaying structural differences. Nineteen biochemical routes were modified, beyond known UGT substrates. Significant variations in glycolysis and pyrimidine pathways, and precursors of the co-substrate UDP-glucuronic acid were observed. Bioactive lipids such as arachidonic acid and endocannabinoids were highly enriched by up to 13.3-fold (p < 0.01) in cells expressing the canonical enzymes. Alt. UGT2B7 induced drastic and unique metabolic perturbations, including higher glucose (18-fold) levels and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle metabolites and abrogated the effects of the UGT2B7 canonical enzyme when co-expressed. UGT1A1 proteins promoted the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and TCA metabolites upstream of the mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC). Alt. UGT1A1 exacerbated these changes, likely through its interaction with the OGDC component oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL). This study expands the breadth of biochemical pathways associated with UGT expression and establishes extensive connectivity between UGT enzymes, alt. proteins and other metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Audet-Delage
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michèle Rouleau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-654-2296
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22
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Yamaguchi A, Botta E, Holinstat M. Eicosanoids in inflammation in the blood and the vessel. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997403. [PMID: 36238558 PMCID: PMC9551235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids in cells. PUFAs regulate cellular function through the formation of derived lipid mediators termed eicosanoids. The oxygenation of 20-carbon PUFAs via the oxygenases cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, or cytochrome P450, generates a class of classical eicosanoids including prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, and also the more recently identified hydroxy-, hydroperoxy-, epoxy- and oxo-eicosanoids, and the specialized pro-resolving (lipid) mediators. These eicosanoids play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation in the blood and the vessel. While arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids are extensively studied due to their pro-inflammatory effects and therefore involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and the coronavirus disease 2019; in recent years, several eicosanoids have been reported to attenuate exacerbated inflammatory responses and participate in the resolution of inflammation. This review focused on elucidating the biosynthesis and the mechanistic signaling of eicosanoids in inflammation, as well as the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these eicosanoids in the blood and the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eliana Botta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Michael Holinstat,
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23
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Wolf A, Khimani F, Yoon B, Gerhart C, Endsley D, Ray AK, Yango AF, Flynn SD, Lip GYH, Gonzalez SA, Sathyamoorthy M. The mechanistic basis linking cytokine storm to thrombosis in COVID-19. THROMBOSIS UPDATE 2022; 8:100110. [PMID: 38620974 PMCID: PMC9116969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tru.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that infection with SARS-CoV-2 resulting in COVID-19 disease includes a severely symptomatic subset of patients in whom an aggressive and/or dysregulated host immune response leads to cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) that may be further complicated by thrombotic events, contributing to the severe morbidity and mortality observed in COVID-19. This review provides a brief overview of cytokine storm in COVID-19, and then presents a mechanistic discussion of how cytokine storm affects integrated pathways in thrombosis involving the endothelium, platelets, the coagulation cascade, eicosanoids, auto-antibody mediated thrombosis, and the fibrinolytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wolf
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Faria Khimani
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Braian Yoon
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Coltin Gerhart
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dakota Endsley
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Anish K Ray
- Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Angelito F Yango
- Department of Medicine, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stevan A Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Mohanakrishnan Sathyamoorthy
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Consultants in Cardiovascular Medicine and Science - Fort Worth, PLLC, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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24
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The methyltransferase METTL3-mediated fatty acid metabolism revealed the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on alleviating steatosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113367. [PMID: 35780619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a primarily N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase, methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) plays a crucial role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its regulatory mechanism in steatosis remains unknown. METHODS Alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were induced by free fatty acids (FFA). Triglycerides, lipid droplet assay, and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate steatosis. The expression of METTL3 and cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily f polypeptide 40 (CYP4F40) was measured using Western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, almandine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were assayed after cinnamaldehyde treatment. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to determine how METTL3 and cinnamaldehyde regulate steatosis. RESULTS METTL3 protein level was reduced in FFA-induced steatosis in AML12 cells, and METTL3 knockdown aggravated the steatosis. Cinnamaldehyde alleviated steatosis by increasing METTL3 expression. A combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that METTL3 knockdown reduced CYP4F40 expression and reduced the level of capric acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. Cinnamaldehyde promoted CYP4F40 expression by increasing METTL3 and increased the levels of capric acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. Finally, the beneficial effects of cinnamaldehyde on steatosis were reversed after METTL3 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS METTL3 knockdown aggravated steatosis in AML12 cells through CYP4F40-mediated fatty acid metabolism, and cinnamaldehyde alleviated steatosis via the METTL3-CYP4F40 pathway.
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25
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Nascimento KCS, Souza SMDO, Fagundes A, Silva RMM, de Oliveira Junior FOR, Corte-Real S, da Silva Barros JH. Aflagellar Epimastigote of Trypanosoma caninum: Biological and Ultrastructural Study of this Atypical Evolutionary Form. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:912-920. [PMID: 35380402 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trypanosoma caninum exhibits atypical epimastigote forms under axenic conditions. This study aimed to analyze this evolutionary form under different cultivation conditions and provide more information about this evolutionary form. METHODS We selected a T. caninum isolate with a high percentage of aflagellar epimastigote forms in axenic cultures. Two separate growth curves were generated for T. caninum cultured in Schneider axenic medium and co-cultured with the DH82 cell line, followed by analysis and quantification of evolutionary forms using bright field microscopy. In addition, ultrastructural analysis of T. caninum was performed under both cultivation conditions. RESULTS The growth curves of T. caninum under axenic and co-cultivation conditions exhibited similar profiles. However, in the axenic culture, the number of parasites was three times higher at the peak of the exponential phase than in the co-culture. In contrast to that in the axenic culture, in which only the epimastigote forms were observed along the entire curve, during co-cultivation with the DH82 cell line, differentiation was observed for the trypomastigote and spheromastigote forms in low proportions. These results demonstrated that when cultured alone, the T. caninum isolate preserved the aflagellar epimastigote form, but in the presence of DH82 canine macrophages, they differentiated into evolutionary forms, particularly trypomastigote forms. Moreover, this study is the first to describe the presence of lipid bodies, structure described as the parasite's nutritional reserve, throughout the body of T. caninum. CONCLUSIONS These findings describe biological and ultrastructural aspects of epimastigote aflagellar and suggest that this evolutionary form may be involved in the biological cycle of T. caninum, still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aline Fagundes
- Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis Laboratory, Infectology National Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roger Magno Macedo Silva
- Rudolf Barth Electron Microscopy Platform, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Corte-Real
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Evans BR, Yerly A, van der Vorst EPC, Baumgartner I, Bernhard SM, Schindewolf M, Döring Y. Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868934. [PMID: 35600479 PMCID: PMC9114307 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the most common cause of ischemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vessel wall, which consists of three layers, namely the adventitia, media, and intima. Key cells in shaping the vascular wall architecture and warranting proper vessel function are vascular smooth muscle cells in the arterial media and endothelial cells lining the intima. Pathological alterations of this vessel wall architecture called vascular remodeling can lead to insufficient vascular function and subsequent ischemia and organ damage. One major pathomechanism driving this detrimental vascular remodeling is atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial dysfunction allowing the accumulation of intimal lipids and leukocytes. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and modified lipids further drive vascular remodeling ultimately leading to thrombus formation and/or vessel occlusion which can cause major cardiovascular events. Although it is clear that vascular wall remodeling is an elementary mechanism of atherosclerotic vascular disease, the diverse underlying pathomechanisms and its consequences are still insufficiently understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce R. Evans
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Yerly
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Iris Baumgartner
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Maike Bernhard
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schindewolf
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Yvonne Döring
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27
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Bosch M, Pol A. Eukaryotic lipid droplets: metabolic hubs, and immune first responders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:218-229. [PMID: 35065875 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As major eukaryotic lipid storage organelles, lipid droplets (LDs) are metabolic hubs coordinating energy flux and building block distribution. Infectious pathogens often promote accumulation and physically interact with LDs. The most accepted view is that host LDs are hijacked by invaders to draw on nutrients for host colonisation. However, unique traits such as biogenesis plasticity, dynamic proteome, signalling capacity, and ability to interact with other organelles endow LDs with competencies to face complex biological challenges. Here, we focus on published data suggesting that LDs are not usurped organelles but innate immunity first responders. By comparison with analogous mechanisms activated on LDs in nutrient-poor environments, our review supports the hypothesis that host LDs actively participate in immunometabolism, immune signalling, and microbial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona
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28
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Sander WJ, Kemp G, Hugo A, Pohl CH, O’Neill HG. Rotavirus-Mediated Prostaglandin E2 Production in MA104 Cells Promotes Virus Attachment and Internalisation, Resulting in an Increased Viral Load. Front Physiol 2022; 13:805565. [PMID: 35153833 PMCID: PMC8831913 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.805565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses are one of the leading causes of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in infants and children under the age of five. Despite the introduction of vaccines, disease burden remains high in sub-Saharan Africa, with no known anti-viral treatments available. During early infection rotavirus attaches to several cellular receptors and enters the cells by either clathrin-dependent or -independent endocytosis. Prostaglandin E2, an abundant eicosanoid, is produced from arachidonic acid during rotavirus infection and inhibition of prostaglandin E2 formation have a deleterious effect on rotavirus infection. In this study, MA104 cells were supplemented with γ-linolenic acid (GLA), a precursor of arachidonic acid. Infection of supplemented cells with rotavirus SA11 led to a depletion in the relative percentages of GLA and arachidonic acid which coincided with an increased production of prostaglandin E2 as monitored by ELISA. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 co-localises with the viroplasm-forming proteins, NSP5 and NSP2. Due to the known association of viroplasms with lipid droplets and the fact that lipid droplets are sites for prostaglandin E2 production, our results indicate a possible role for viroplasms in the production of rotavirus-induced prostaglandin E2. Replication kinetics showed that inhibitors, targeting the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2, had negative effects on rotavirus yield, especially during the early stages of infection. Using flow cytometry and prostaglandin E2 addback experiments, we show that prostaglandin E2 enhances the attachment and internalisation of rotavirus in MA104 cells indicating a possible role for prostaglandin E2 during clathrin-mediated rotavirus entry. The production of prostaglandin E2 during rotavirus infection could serve as a possible target for anti-viral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J. Sander
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gabré Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Arnold Hugo
- Department of Animal Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Hester G. O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Hester G. O’Neill,
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29
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Lipid Droplets, Phospholipase A 2, Arachidonic Acid, and Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121891. [PMID: 34944707 PMCID: PMC8699036 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets, classically regarded as static storage organelles, are currently considered as dynamic structures involved in key processes of lipid metabolism, cellular homeostasis and signaling. Studies on the inflammatory state of atherosclerotic plaques suggest that circulating monocytes interact with products released by endothelial cells and may acquire a foamy phenotype before crossing the endothelial barrier and differentiating into macrophages. One such compound released in significant amounts into the bloodstream is arachidonic acid, the common precursor of eicosanoids, and a potent inducer of neutral lipid synthesis and lipid droplet formation in circulating monocytes. Members of the family of phospholipase A2, which hydrolyze the fatty acid present at the sn-2 position of phospholipids, have recently emerged as key controllers of lipid droplet homeostasis, regulating their formation and the availability of fatty acids for lipid mediator production. In this paper we discuss recent findings related to lipid droplet dynamics in immune cells and the ways these organelles are involved in regulating arachidonic acid availability and metabolism in the context of atherosclerosis.
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30
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Zhang W, Xu L, Zhu L, Liu Y, Yang S, Zhao M. Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746749. [PMID: 34925055 PMCID: PMC8678573 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are commonly found in various biological cells and are organelles related to cell metabolism. LDs, the number and size of which are heterogeneous across cell type, are primarily composed of polar lipids and proteins on the surface with neutral lipids in the core. Neutral lipids stored in LDs can be degraded by lipolysis and lipophagocytosis, which are regulated by various proteins. The process of LD formation can be summarized in four steps. In addition to energy production, LDs play an extremely pivotal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid toxicity, storage of fat-soluble vitamins, regulation of oxidative stress, and reprogramming of cell metabolism. Interestingly, LDs, the hub of integration between metabolism and the immune system, are involved in antitumor immunity, anti-infective immunity (viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.) and some metabolic immune diseases. Herein, we summarize the role of LDs in several major immune cells as elucidated in recent years, including T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Additionally, we analyze the role of the interaction between LDs and immune cells in two typical metabolic immune diseases: atherosclerosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siwei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Huang W, Gao F, Zhang Y, Chen T, Xu C. Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins in Cardiomyopathy. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 78:1-13. [PMID: 34856540 DOI: 10.1159/000520122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart requires a high rate of fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) to meet its energy needs. Neutral lipids are the main source of energy for the heart and are stored in lipid droplets (LDs), which are cytosolic organelles that primarily serve to store neutral lipids and regulate cellular lipid metabolism. LD-associated proteins (LDAPs) are proteins either located on the surface of the LDs or reside in the cytosol and contribute to lipid metabolism. Therefore, abnormal cardiac lipid accumulation or FAO can alter the redox state of the heart, resulting in cardiomyopathy, a group of diseases that negatively affect the myocardial function, thereby leading to heart failure and even cardiac death. SUMMARY LDs, along with LDAPs, are pivotal for modulating heart lipid homeostasis. The proper cardiac development and the maintenance of its normal function depend largely on lipid homeostasis regulated by LDs and LDAPs. Overexpression or deletion of specific LDAPs can trigger myocardial dysfunction and may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy. Extensive connections and interactions may also exist between LDAPs. Key Message: In this review, the various mechanisms involved in LDAP-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism, the association between cardiac development and lipid metabolism, as well as the role of LDAPs in cardiomyopathy progression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kiarely Souza E, Pereira-Dutra FS, Rajão MA, Ferraro-Moreira F, Goltara-Gomes TC, Cunha-Fernandes T, Santos JDC, Prestes EB, Andrade WA, Zamboni DS, Bozza MT, Bozza PT. Lipid droplet accumulation occurs early following Salmonella infection and contributes to intracellular bacterial survival and replication. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:293-306. [PMID: 34783412 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a public health problem caused by Salmonella sp., a highly adapted facultative intracellular pathogen. After internalization, Salmonella sp. Manipulates several host processes, mainly through the activation of the type III secretion system (T3SS), including modification of host lipid metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) accumulation. LDs are dynamic and complex lipid-rich organelles involved in several cellular processes. The present study investigated the mechanism involved in LD biogenesis in Salmonella-infected macrophages and its role in bacterial pathogenicity. Here, we reported that S. Typhimurium induced a rapid time-dependent increase of LD formation in macrophages. The LD biogenesis was demonstrated to depend on Salmonella's viability and SPI1-related T3SS activity, with the participation of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling. We also observed that LD accumulation occurs through TLR2-dependent signaling and is counter-regulated by TLR4. Last, the pharmacologic modulation of LD formation by inhibiting diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) significantly reduced the intracellular bacterial proliferation and impaired the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) synthesis. Collectively, our data suggest the role of LDs on S. typhimurium intracellular survival and replication in macrophages. This data set provides new perspectives for future investigations about LDs in host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kiarely Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program of Immunology and Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Rajão
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ferraro-Moreira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taynná C Goltara-Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha-Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia da Cunha Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa B Prestes
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunity, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Warrison A Andrade
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Bozza
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunity, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pereira-Dutra FS, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets diversity and functions in inflammation and immune response. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:809-825. [PMID: 34668810 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1995356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and evolutionary conserved lipid-enriched organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids associated with a diverse array of proteins that are cell- and stimulus-regulated. Far beyond being simply a deposit of neutral lipids, accumulating evidence demonstrate that LDs act as spatial and temporal local for lipid and protein compartmentalization and signaling organization. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the progress in our understanding of LD protein diversity and LD functions in the context of cell signaling and immune responses, highlighting the relationship between LD composition with the multiple roles of this organelle in immunometabolism, inflammation and host-response to infection. EXPERT OPINION LDs are essential platforms for various cellular processes, including metabolic regulation, cell signaling, and immune responses. The functions of LD in infection and inflammatory disease are associated with the dynamic and complexity of their proteome. Our contemporary view place LDs as critical regulators of different inflammatory and infectious diseases and key markers of leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Monson EA, Trenerry AM, Laws JL, Mackenzie JM, Helbig KJ. Lipid droplets and lipid mediators in viral infection and immunity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa066. [PMID: 33512504 PMCID: PMC8371277 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) contribute to key pathways important for the physiology and pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids, protein sequestration, removal of toxic lipids and cellular communication; however, recent advancements in the field show these organelles as essential for various cellular stress response mechanisms, including inflammation and immunity, with LDs acting as hubs that integrate metabolic and inflammatory processes. The accumulation of LDs has become a hallmark of infection, and is often thought to be virally driven; however, recent evidence is pointing to a role for the upregulation of LDs in the production of a successful immune response to viral infection. The fatty acids housed in LDs are also gaining interest due to the role that these lipid species play during viral infection, and their link to the synthesis of bioactive lipid mediators that have been found to have a very complex role in viral infection. This review explores the role of LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators during viral infections and poses a paradigm shift in thinking in the field, whereby LDs may play pivotal roles in protecting the host against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony A Monson
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3083
| | - Alice M Trenerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia, 3000
| | - Jay L Laws
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3083
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia, 3000
| | - Karla J Helbig
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3083
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Bosch M, Sweet MJ, Parton RG, Pol A. Lipid droplets and the host-pathogen dynamic: FATal attraction? J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202104005. [PMID: 34165498 PMCID: PMC8240858 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing conflict between eukaryotic cells and pathogens, lipid droplets (LDs) emerge as a choke point in the battle for nutrients. While many pathogens seek the lipids stored in LDs to fuel an expensive lifestyle, innate immunity rewires lipid metabolism and weaponizes LDs to defend cells and animals. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites directly and remotely manipulate LDs to obtain substrates for metabolic energy, replication compartments, assembly platforms, membrane blocks, and tools for host colonization and/or evasion such as anti-inflammatory mediators, lipoviroparticles, and even exosomes. Host LDs counterattack such advances by synthesizing bioactive lipids and toxic nucleotides, organizing immune signaling platforms, and recruiting a plethora of antimicrobial proteins to provide a front-line defense against the invader. Here, we review the current state of this conflict. We will discuss why, when, and how LDs efficiently coordinate and precisely execute a plethora of immune defenses. In the age of antimicrobial resistance and viral pandemics, understanding innate immune strategies developed by eukaryotic cells to fight and defeat dangerous microorganisms may inform future anti-infective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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de Lira MN, Bolini L, Amorim NRT, Silva-Souza HA, Diaz BL, Canetti C, Persechini PM, Bandeira-Melo C. Acute catabolism of leukocyte lipid bodies: Characterization of a nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)-induced proteasomal-dependent model. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 171:102320. [PMID: 34303171 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic availability of leukocyte lipid bodies is controlled by a highly regulated cycle of opposing biogenesis- and catabolism-related events. While leukocyte biogenic machinery is well-characterized, lipid body catabolic mechanisms are yet mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrated that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) very rapidly decreases the numbers of pre-formed lipid bodies within lipid body-enriched cytoplasm of mouse leukocytes - macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils. NDGA mechanisms driving leukocyte lipid body disappearance were not related to loss of cell viability, 5-lipoxygenase inhibition, ATP autocrine/paracrine activity, or biogenesis inhibition. Proteasomal-dependent breakdown of lipid bodies appears to control NDGA-driven leukocyte lipid body reduction, since it was Bortezomib-sensitive in macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils. Our findings unveil an acute NDGA-triggered lipid body catabolic event - a novel experimental model for the still neglected research area on leukocyte lipid body catabolism, additionally favoring further insights on proteasomal contribution to lipid body breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N de Lira
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunobiofisica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; BioMed X Institute (GmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bolini
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália R T Amorim
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hercules A Silva-Souza
- Laboratório de Imunobiofisica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Divisão de Verificação e Estudos Técnico-Científicos, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia, Duque de Caxias Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Diaz
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Canetti
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Persechini
- Laboratório de Imunobiofisica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; This paper is dedicated to the memory of our dear colleague and friend Pedro M. Persechini, who passed prematurely and whose devotion to understanding the mechanisms of action of NDGA was unsurpassed
| | - Christianne Bandeira-Melo
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Choi WS, Xu X, Goruk S, Wang Y, Patel S, Chow M, Field CJ, Godbout R. FABP7 Facilitates Uptake of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Glioblastoma Neural Stem-like Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:2664. [PMID: 34444824 PMCID: PMC8402214 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor with a dismal prognosis. Neural stem-like cells contribute to GBM's poor prognosis by driving drug resistance and maintaining cellular heterogeneity. GBM neural stem-like cells express high levels of brain fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7), which binds to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA) and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Similar to brain, GBM tissue is enriched in AA and DHA. However, DHA levels are considerably lower in GBM tissue compared to adult brain. Therefore, it is possible that increasing DHA content in GBM, particularly in neural stem-like cells, might have therapeutic value. Here, we examine the fatty acid composition of patient-derived GBM neural stem-like cells grown as neurosphere cultures. We also investigate the effect of AA and DHA treatment on the fatty acid profiles of GBM neural stem-like cells with or without FABP7 knockdown. We show that DHA treatment increases DHA levels and the DHA:AA ratio in GBM neural stem-like cells, with FABP7 facilitating the DHA uptake. We also found that an increased uptake of DHA inhibits the migration of GBM neural stem-like cells. Our results suggest that increasing DHA content in the GBM microenvironment may reduce the migration/infiltration of FABP7-expressing neural stem-like cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.G.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Yixiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Samir Patel
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Michael Chow
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.G.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
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Secretome and Tunneling Nanotubes: A Multilevel Network for Long Range Intercellular Communication between Endothelial Cells and Distant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157971. [PMID: 34360735 PMCID: PMC8347715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cellular interface between the blood and tissues, the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is involved in the control of key functions including vascular tone, permeability and homeostasis, leucocyte trafficking and hemostasis. EC regulatory functions require long-distance communications between ECs, circulating hematopoietic cells and other vascular cells for efficient adjusting thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, infection and immunity. This intercellular crosstalk operates through the extracellular space and is orchestrated in part by the secretory pathway and the exocytosis of Weibel Palade Bodies (WPBs), secretory granules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). WPBs and secretory granules allow both immediate release and regulated exocytosis of messengers such as cytokines, chemokines, extracellular membrane proteins, coagulation or growth factors. The ectodomain shedding of transmembrane protein further provide the release of both receptor and ligands with key regulatory activities on target cells. Thin tubular membranous channels termed tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) may also connect EC with distant cells. EVs, in particular exosomes, and TNTs may contain and transfer different biomolecules (e.g., signaling mediators, proteins, lipids, and microRNAs) or pathogens and have emerged as a major triggers of horizontal intercellular transfer of information.
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Brink JTR, Fourie R, Sebolai O, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. The role of lipid droplets in microbial pathogenesis. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34184983 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonpolar lipids present in cells are mainly triacylglycerols and steryl esters. When cells are provided with an abundance of nutrients, these storage lipids accumulate. As large quantities of nonpolar lipids cannot be integrated into membranes, they are isolated from the cytosolic environment in lipid droplets. As specialized, inducible cytoplasmic organelles, lipid droplets have functions beyond the regulation of lipid metabolism, in cell signalling and activation, membrane trafficking and control of inflammatory mediator synthesis and secretion. Pathogens, including fungi, viruses, parasites, or intracellular bacteria can induce and may benefit from lipid droplets in infected cells. Here we review biogenesis of lipid droplets as well as the role of lipid droplets in the pathogenesis of selected viruses, bacteria, protists and yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus T R Brink
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ruan Fourie
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olihile Sebolai
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Zuma AA, Dos Santos Barrias E, de Souza W. Basic Biology of Trypanosoma cruzi. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1671-1732. [PMID: 33272165 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999201203213527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review addresses basic aspects of the biology of the pathogenic protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and some comparative information of Trypanosoma brucei. Like eukaryotic cells, their cellular organization is similar to that of mammalian hosts. However, these parasites present structural particularities. That is why the following topics are emphasized in this paper: developmental stages of the life cycle in the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts; the cytoskeleton of the protozoa, especially the sub-pellicular microtubules; the flagellum and its attachment to the protozoan body through specialized junctions; the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, including its structural organization and DNA replication; glycosome and its role in the metabolism of the cell; acidocalcisome, describing its morphology, biochemistry, and functional role; cytostome and the endocytic pathway; the organization of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex; the nucleus, describing its structural organization during interphase and division; and the process of interaction of the parasite with host cells. The unique characteristics of these structures also make them interesting chemotherapeutic targets. Therefore, further understanding of cell biology aspects contributes to the development of drugs for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Zuma
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emile Dos Santos Barrias
- Laboratorio de Metrologia Aplicada a Ciencias da Vida, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada a Ciencias da Vida - Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Souza G, Silva RJ, Milián ICB, Rosini AM, de Araújo TE, Teixeira SC, Oliveira MC, Franco PS, da Silva CV, Mineo JR, Silva NM, Ferro EAV, Barbosa BF. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 modulates Toxoplasma gondii infection, immune response and lipid droplets formation in human trophoblast cells and villous explants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12709. [PMID: 34135407 PMCID: PMC8209052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital toxoplasmosis is represented by the transplacental passage of Toxoplasma gondii from the mother to the fetus. Our studies demonstrated that T. gondii developed mechanisms to evade of the host immune response, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induction, and these mediators can be produced/stored in lipid droplets (LDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of COX-2 and LDs during T. gondii infection in human trophoblast cells and villous explants. Our data demonstrated that COX-2 inhibitors decreased T. gondii replication in trophoblast cells and villous. In BeWo cells, the COX-2 inhibitors induced an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and MIF), and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In HTR-8/SVneo cells, the COX-2 inhibitors induced an increase of IL-6 and nitrite and decreased IL-4 and TGF-β1. In villous explants, the COX-2 inhibitors increased MIF and decreased TNF-α and IL-10. Furthermore, T. gondii induced an increase in LDs in BeWo and HTR-8/SVneo, but COX-2 inhibitors reduced LDs in both cells type. We highlighted that COX-2 is a key factor to T. gondii proliferation in human trophoblast cells, since its inhibition induced a pro-inflammatory response capable of controlling parasitism and leading to a decrease in the availability of LDs, which are essentials for parasite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Rafaela José Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Iliana Claudia Balga Milián
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Monteiro Rosini
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Thádia Evelyn de Araújo
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Mário Cézar Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Claudio Vieira da Silva
- Laboratory of Trypanosomatids, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Tao L, Zhang H, Wang H, Li L, Huang L, Su F, Yuan X, Luo M, Ge L. Characteristics of lipid droplets and the expression of proteins involved in lipolysis in the murine cervix during mid-pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:967-975. [PMID: 32693909 DOI: 10.1071/rd19425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are reservoirs of arachidonoyl lipids for prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis, and progesterone can stimulate PGE2 synthesis; however, the relationship between progesterone and LD metabolism in the murine cervix remains unclear. In the present study we examined LD distribution and changes in the expression of proteins involved in lipolysis and autophagy in the murine cervix during pregnancy, and compared the findings with those in dioestrous mice. During mid-pregnancy, LDs were predominantly distributed in the cervical epithelium. Electron microscopy revealed the transfer of numerous LDs from the basal to apical region in the luminal epithelium, marked catabolism of LDs, an elevated number of LDs and autophagosomes and a higher LD:mitochondrion size ratio in murine cervical epithelial cells (P<0.05). In addition, immunohistochemical and western blotting analyses showed significantly higher cAMP-dependent protein kinase, adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression, and a higher light chain 3 (LC3) II:LC3I ratio in the stroma and smooth muscles and, particularly, in murine cervical epithelial cells, during mid-pregnancy than late dioestrus. In conclusion, these results suggest that the enhanced lipolysis of LDs and autophagy in murine cervical tissues were closely related to pregnancy and were possibly controlled by progesterone because LD catabolism may be necessary for energy provision and PGE2 synthesis to maintain a closed pregnant cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Liuhui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Feng Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiu Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China; and Corresponding author. ;
| | - Lijiang Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, N0.61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271018, P.R. China; and Corresponding author. ;
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Souza-Almeida G, Palhinha L, Liechocki S, da Silva Pereira JA, Reis PA, Dib PRB, Hottz ED, Gameiro J, Vallochi AL, de Almeida CJ, Castro-Faria-Neto H, Bozza PT, Maya-Monteiro CM. Peripheral leptin signaling persists in innate immune cells during diet-induced obesity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:1131-1138. [PMID: 33070353 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0820-092rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a pleiotropic adipokine that regulates immunometabolism centrally and peripherally. Obese individuals present increased levels of leptin in the blood and develop hypothalamic resistance to this adipokine. Here we investigated whether leptin effects on the periphery are maintained despite the hypothalamic resistance. We previously reported that leptin injection induces in vivo neutrophil migration and peritoneal macrophage activation in lean mice through TNF-α- and CXCL1-dependent mechanisms. However, leptin effects on leukocyte biology during obesity remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the in vivo responsiveness of leukocytes to i.p. injected leptin in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). After 14-16 wk, high-sucrose, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice showed hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, and dyslipidemia compared to normal-sucrose, normal-fat diet (ND). Exogenous leptin did not reduce food intake in DIO mice in contrast to control mice, indicating that DIO mice were centrally resistant to leptin. Regardless of the diet, we found increased levels of TNF-α and CXCL1 in the animals injected with leptin, alongside a pronounced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity and enhanced biogenesis of lipid droplets in peritoneal macrophages. Supporting our in vivo results, data from ex vivo leptin stimulation experiments confirmed hypothalamic resistance in DIO mice, whereas bone marrow cells responded to leptin stimulation through mTOR signaling despite obesity. Altogether, our results show that leukocytes responded equally to leptin in ND- or HFD-fed mice. These results support a role for leptin in the innate immune response also in obesity, contributing to the inflammatory status that leads to the development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Souza-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Current address: Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sally Liechocki
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Alves Reis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Disease and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacy Gameiro
- Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Disease and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lima Vallochi
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecília Jacques de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Menezes Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Morgan HL, Ampong I, Eid N, Rouillon C, Griffiths HR, Watkins AJ. Low protein diet and methyl-donor supplements modify testicular physiology in mice. Reproduction 2021; 159:627-641. [PMID: 32163913 PMCID: PMC7159163 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The link between male diet and sperm quality has received significant investigation. However, the impact diet and dietary supplements have on the testicular environment has been examined to a lesser extent. Here, we establish the impact of a sub-optimal low protein diet (LPD) on testicular morphology, apoptosis and serum fatty acid profiles. Furthermore, we define whether supplementing a LPD with specific methyl donors abrogates any detrimental effects of the LPD. Male C57BL6 mice were fed either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein; n = 8), an isocaloric LPD (LPD; 9% protein; n = 8) or an LPD supplemented with methyl donors (MD-LPD; choline chloride, betaine, methionine, folic acid, vitamin B12; n = 8) for a minimum of 7 weeks. Analysis of male serum fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography revealed elevated levels of saturated fatty acids and lower levels of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in MD-LPD males when compared to NPD and/or LPD males. Testes of LPD males displayed larger seminiferous tubule cross section area when compared to NPD and MD-LPD males, while MD-LPD tubules displayed a larger luminal area. Furthermore, TUNNEL staining revealed LPD males possessed a reduced number of tubules positive for apoptosis, while gene expression analysis showed MD-LPD testes displayed decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax, Csap1 and Fas when compared to NPD males. Finally, testes from MD-LPD males displayed a reduced telomere length but increased telomerase activity. These data reveal the significance of sub-optimal nutrition for paternal metabolic and reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Morgan
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Isaac Ampong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, UK
| | - Nader Eid
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlène Rouillon
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Bat 16A, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, UK
| | - Adam J Watkins
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Ren F, Cao R, Wang Y, Han P, Zhang X, Xu C, Liu X, Xu G. Serum lipid profiling analysis and potential marker discovery for ovarian cancer based on liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114048. [PMID: 33836461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low early diagnosis rate and unclear pathogenesis are the primary reasons for the high mortality of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Lipidomics is a powerful tool for marker discovery and mechanism explanation. Hence, a ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based non-targeted lipidomics analysis was performed to acquire lipid profiling of 153 serum samples including healthy control (HC, n = 50), benign ovarian tumor (BOT, n = 41), and EOC (n = 62) to reveal lipid disturbance, then differential lipids were verified in another sample set including 187 sera. Significant lipid disturbance occurred in BOT and EOC, fatty acid, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine were observed to be increased in BOT and EOC subjects, while phosphatidylcoline, ether phosphatidylcoline (PC-O), ether phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-O), and sphingomyelin significantly decreased. Compared with BOT, PC-Os and PE-Os presented a greater reduction in EOC, and serum ceramide increased only in EOC. Moreover, potential markers consisting of 4 lipids were defined and validated for EOC diagnosis. High areas under the curve (0.854∼0.865 and 0.903∼0.923 for distinguishing EOC and early EOC from non-cancer, respectively) as well as good specificity and sensitivity were obtained. This study not only revealed the characteristics of lipid metabolism in EOC, but also provided a potential marker pattern for aiding EOC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Maternity Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Fang Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Gynecology, The Maternity Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pin Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Dias SSG, Soares VC, Ferreira AC, Sacramento CQ, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Temerozo JR, Teixeira L, Nunes da Silva MA, Barreto E, Mattos M, de Freitas CS, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Manso PPA, Miranda MD, Siqueira MM, Hottz ED, Pão CRR, Bou-Habib DC, Barreto-Vieira DF, Bozza FA, Souza TML, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets fuel SARS-CoV-2 replication and production of inflammatory mediators. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009127. [PMID: 33326472 PMCID: PMC7773323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that make use of the host metabolic machineries to meet their biosynthetic needs. Thus, identifying the host pathways essential for the virus replication may lead to potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The mechanisms and pathways explored by SARS-CoV-2 to support its replication within host cells are not fully known. Lipid droplets (LD) are organelles with major functions in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis and intracellular transport, and have multiple roles in infections and inflammation. Here we described that monocytes from COVID-19 patients have an increased LD accumulation compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative donors. In vitro, SARS-CoV-2 infection were seen to modulate pathways of lipid synthesis and uptake as monitored by testing for CD36, SREBP-1, PPARγ, and DGAT-1 expression in monocytes and triggered LD formation in different human cell lines. LDs were found in close apposition with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and double-stranded (ds)-RNA in infected Vero cells. Electron microscopy (EM) analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells show viral particles colocalizing with LDs, suggestive that LDs might serve as an assembly platform. Pharmacological modulation of LD formation by inhibition of DGAT-1 with A922500 significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication as well as reduced production of mediators pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, we demonstrate the essential role of lipid metabolic reprograming and LD formation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis, opening new opportunities for therapeutic strategies to COVID-19. In spite of the enormous scientific efforts to understand mechanisms of SARS-CoV2-induced disease and to develop strategies to control COVID-19 pandemic, many aspects of SARS-CoV2 biology and pathogenesis remain elusive. Several RNA viruses are able to modulate the host lipid metabolism and to recruit LDs to enhance their replication/particle assembling capacity through mechanisms that vary according to the virus and the host cell infected. The mechanisms and pathways explored by SARS-CoV-2 to support its replication within host cells are still largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that lipid droplets (LDs) participate in SARS-CoV2 infection favoring virus replication and heightening inflammatory mediator production. SARS-CoV2 infection increased the expression of key proteins in the regulation of lipid metabolism and the amounts of LDs per cell. In addition, we have found SARS-CoV2 and/or its components associated with LDs in infected cells, suggestive that LDs are recruited as part of replication compartment. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of DGAT-1, a key enzyme for LD formation, reduces SARS-CoV2 replication, inflammatory mediator production and cell death. Our findings contribute to unveil the complex mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 make use of cellular metabolism and organelles to coordinate different steps of the viral replication cycle and host immunity, opening new perspectives for SARS-CoV2 antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André C. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jairo R. Temerozo
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo and Instituto National de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação (INCT/NIM), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alexandre Nunes da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ester Barreto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Caroline S. de Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isaclaudia G. Azevedo-Quintanilha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo A. Manso
- Laboratorio de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milene D. Miranda
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D. Hottz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Imunotrombose, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila R. R. Pão
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dumith C. Bou-Habib
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo and Instituto National de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação (INCT/NIM), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora F. Barreto-Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. L. Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS) and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDNP), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Friend or Foe: Lipid Droplets as Organelles for Protein and Lipid Storage in Cellular Stress Response, Aging and Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215053. [PMID: 33143278 PMCID: PMC7663626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as a mere lipid storage organelle for a long time. Recent evidence suggests that LDs are in fact distinct and dynamic organelles with a specialized proteome and functions in many cellular roles. As such, LDs contribute to cellular signaling, protein and lipid homeostasis, metabolic diseases and inflammation. In line with the multitude of functions, LDs interact with many cellular organelles including mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. LDs are highly mobile and dynamic organelles and impaired motility disrupts the interaction with other organelles. The reduction of interorganelle contacts results in a multitude of pathophysiologies and frequently in neurodegenerative diseases. Contacts not only supply lipids for β-oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes, but also may include the transfer of toxic lipids as well as misfolded and harmful proteins to LDs. Furthermore, LDs assist in the removal of protein aggregates when severe proteotoxic stress overwhelms the proteasomal system. During imbalance of cellular lipid homeostasis, LDs also support cellular detoxification. Fine-tuning of LD function is of crucial importance and many diseases are associated with dysfunctional LDs. We summarize the current understanding of LDs and their interactions with organelles, providing a storage site for harmful proteins and lipids during cellular stress, aging inflammation and various disease states.
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48
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Barletta ABF, Alves e Silva TL, Talyuli OAC, Luna-Gomes T, Sim S, Angleró-Rodríguez Y, Dimopoulos G, Bandeira-Melo C, Sorgine MHF. Prostaglandins regulate humoral immune responses in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008706. [PMID: 33095767 PMCID: PMC7584201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are immuno-active lipids that mediate the immune response in invertebrates and vertebrates. In insects, PGs play a role on different physiological processes such as reproduction, ion transport and regulation of cellular immunity. However, it is unclear whether PGs play a role in invertebrate's humoral immunity, and, if so, which immune signaling pathways would be modulated by PGs. Here, we show that Aedes aegypti gut microbiota and Gram-negative bacteria challenge induces prostaglandin production sensitive to an irreversible inhibitor of the vertebrate cyclooxygenase, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). ASA treatment reduced PG synthesis and is associated with decreased expression of components of the Toll and IMD immune pathways, thereby rendering mosquitoes more susceptible to both bacterial and viral infections. We also shown that a cytosolic phospholipase (PLAc), one of the upstream regulators of PG synthesis, is induced by the microbiota in the midgut after blood feeding. The knockdown of the PLAc decreased prostaglandin production and enhanced the replication of Dengue in the midgut. We conclude that in Ae. aegypti, PGs control the amplitude of the immune response to guarantee an efficient pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Ferreira Barletta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Brasil
| | - Thiago Luiz Alves e Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Brasil
| | - Octavio A. C. Talyuli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Luna-Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira (CAp-UERJ), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Shuzhen Sim
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yesseinia Angleró-Rodríguez
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christianne Bandeira-Melo
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marcos H. Ferreira Sorgine
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematófagos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Brasil
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Blücher C, Iberl S, Schwagarus N, Müller S, Liebisch G, Höring M, Hidrobo MS, Ecker J, Spindler N, Dietrich A, Burkhardt R, Stadler SC. Secreted Factors from Adipose Tissue Reprogram Tumor Lipid Metabolism and Induce Motility by Modulating PPARα/ANGPTL4 and FAK. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1849-1862. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hine PM. Haplosporidian host:parasite interactions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:190-199. [PMID: 32437861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The host:parasite interactions of the 3 serious haplosporidian pathogens of oysters, on which most information exists, are reviewed. They are Bonamia ostreae in Ostrea spp. and Crassostrea gigas; Bonamia exitiosa in Ostrea spp.; and Haplosporidium nelsoni in Crassostrea spp. Understanding the haemocytic response to pathogens is constrained by lack of information on haematopoiesis, haemocyte identity and development. Basal haplospridians in spot prawns are probably facultative parasites. H. nelsoni and a species infecting Haliotis iris in New Zealand (NZAP), which have large extracellular plasmodia that eject haplosporosomes or their contents, lyse surrounding cells and are essentially extracellular parasites. Bonamia spp. have small plasmodia that are phagocytosed, haplosporosomes are not ejected and they are intracellular obligate parasites. Phagocytosis by haemocytes is followed by formation of a parasitophorous vacuole, blocking of haemocyte lysosomal enzymes and the endolysosomal pathway. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are blocked by antioxidants, and host cell apoptosis may occur. Unlike susceptible O. edulis, the destruction of B. ostreae by C. gigas may be due to higher haemolymph proteins, higher rates of granulocyte binding and phagocytosis, production of ROS, the presence of plasma β-glucosidase, antimicrobial peptides and higher levels of haemolymph and haemocyte enzymes. In B.exitiosa infection of Ostrea chilensis, cytoplasmic lipid bodies (LBs) containing lysosomal enzymes accumulate in host granulocytes and in B. exitiosa following phagocytosis. Their genesis and role in innate immunity and inflammation appears to be the same as in vertebrate granulocytes and macrophages, and other invertebrates. If so, they are probably the site of eicosanoid synthesis from arachidonic acid, and elevated numbers of LBs are probably indicative of haemocyte activation. It is probable that the molecular interaction, and role of LBs in the synthesis and storage of eicosanoids from arachidonic acid, is conserved in innate immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates. However, it seems likely that haplosporidians are more diverse than realized, and that there are many variations in host parasite interactions and life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hine
- 73, rue de la Fée au Bois, 17450, Fouras, France.
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