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Murillo Ramos AM, Wilson JY. Is there potential for estradiol receptor signaling in lophotrochozoans? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 354:114519. [PMID: 38677339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are thought to be the ancestor of all steroid receptors and are present in most lophotrochozoans studied to date, including molluscs, annelids, and rotifers. A number of studies have investigated the functional role of estrogen receptors in invertebrate species, although most are in molluscs, where the receptor is constitutively active. In vitro experiments provided evidence for ligand-activated estrogen receptors in annelids, raising important questions about the role of estrogen signalling in lophotrochozoan lineages. Here, we review the concordant and discordant evidence of estradiol receptor signalling in lophotrochozoans, with a focus on annelids and rotifers. We explore the de novo synthesis of estrogens, the evolution and expression of estrogen receptors, and physiological responses to activation of estrogen receptors in the lophotrochozoan phyla Annelida and Rotifera. Key data are missing to determine if de novo biosynthesis of estradiol in non-molluscan lophotrochozoans is likely. For example, an ortholog for the CYP11 gene is present, but confirmation of substrate conversion and measured tissue products is lacking. Orthologs CYP17 and CYP19 are lacking, yet intermediates or products (e.g. estradiol) in tissues have been measured. Estrogen receptors are present in multiple species, and for a limited number, in vitro data show agonist binding of estradiol and/or transcriptional activation. The expression patterns of the lophotrochozoan ERs suggest developmental, reproductive, and digestive roles but are highly species dependent. E2 exposures suggest that lophotrochozoan ERs may play a role in reproduction, but no strong dose-response relationship has been established. Therefore, we expect most lophotrochozoan species, outside of perhaps platyhelminths, to have an ER but their physiological role remains elusive. Mining genomes for orthologs gene families responsible for steroidogenesis, coupled with in vitro and in vivo studies of the steroid pathway are needed to better assess whether lophotrochozoans are capable of estradiol biosynthesis. One major challenge is that much of the data are divided across a diversity of species. We propose that the polychaetes Capitella teleta or Platyneris dumerilii, and rotifer Brachionus manjavacas may be strong species choices for studies of estrogen receptor signalling, because of available genomic data, established laboratory culture techniques, and gene knockout potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Murillo Ramos
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - J Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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2
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Wang L, Miao J, Ding M, Zhang W, Pan L. Exploring the mechanism of nonylphenol-induced ovarian developmental delay of manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum: Applying RNAi to toxicological analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141905. [PMID: 38579946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) contamination in the coastal environment of China poses ecological risks to aquatic organisms. However, the endocrine disruptive impacts of NP on bivalves, particularly on ovarian development, remain poorly understood. In this study, Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum at the developing stage of gonad were exposed to 1.0 μg/L NP for 21 days. Utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) to suppress ER gene expression, we observed a delay in ovarian development as evidenced by histological observations under both NP and NPRi (NP with ER-RNAi) treatment, with Vtg elevation exclusive to the NP group. Comprehensive analyses encompassing transcriptomics, real-time quantitative PCR, and steroid hormone measurement revealed significant alterations in aldosterone synthesis, estrogen signaling, and thyroid hormone synthesis. These pathways showed similar perturbations in both NP and NPRi groups compared to controls. Notably, the NPRi group exhibited distinct enrichment in PPAR and insulin signaling pathways, may implicating these in ER function suppression. Steroid hormone biosynthesis was notably reduced in both treatments, pointing to a profound impact on hormone synthesis. The contrast between in vivo and in vitro findings suggests that NP's detrimental effects on ovarian development may primarily involve neuroendocrine regulation of steroidogenesis. This investigation highlights the complex dynamics of NP-induced endocrine disruption in bivalves, emphasizing the pivotal role of ER and associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Min Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Qinhuangdao, SOA, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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Wang Y, Liu X, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Chen M. Endocrine regulation of reproductive biology in echinoderms: An evolutionary perspective from closest marine invertebrate relatives to chordates. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 580:112105. [PMID: 37952726 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Echinoderms are a phylum of invertebrate deuterostomes, which contain echinoids, asteroids, holothuroids, crinoids, and ophiuroids. Echinoderms have special evolutionary position and unique characteristics, including pentamerous radial body structure, elaborate calcareous endoskeletons, and versatile water vascular system. Echinoderms exhibit extraordinarily diverse reproductive modes: asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, sexual reversal, etc. Endocrine regulation plays important well-known roles in sex differentiation, gonadal development and maturation, gametogenesis, and reproductive behavior in vertebrates. However, the entire picture of reproductive endocrinology in echinoderms as an evolutionary model of the closest marine invertebrate relatives to chordates has not been revealed. Here, we reviewed previous and recent research progress on reproductive endocrinology in echinoderms, mainly including two sections: Sex steroids in echinoderms and neuropeptide regulation in echinoderm reproduction. This review introduces a variety of endocrine regulatory mechanisms in reproductive biology of echinoderms. It discusses the vertebrate-like sex steroids, putative steroidogenic pathway and metabolism, and reproduction-related neuropeptides. The review will provide a deeper understanding about endocrine regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in lower deuterostomes and the application of endocrine control in economic echinoderm species in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinghai Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingqiu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Muyan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Ferreira NGDC, Chessa A, Abreu IO, Teles LO, Kille P, Carvalho AP, Guimarães L. Toxic Relationships: Prediction of TBT's Affinity to the Ecdysteroid Receptor of Triops longicaudatus. TOXICS 2023; 11:937. [PMID: 37999589 PMCID: PMC10675633 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a biocide introduced in the 1960s in antifouling paints. Despite legislation banning its use, its persistence in the environment still causes significant harm to organisms. Tributyltin is a ligand of retinoid X receptors (RXR) and ecdysteroid receptors (EcRs), which in arthropods act as homologs of RXR. Focusing on Metazoan species, this study used genomic and proteomic information from different sources to compare their three-dimensional structure, phylogenetic distribution, and amino acid sequence alterations. The objective was to identify possible patterns that relate organisms' sensitivity to TBT using the species Triops longicaudatus as the basis for the comparisons. The results showed great conservation of this protein across several species when comparing the interaction amino acids described to RXR (an EcR analog) in Homo sapiens. The three-dimensional comparison of RXR showed little conformational variation between different sequences by maintaining the interaction pocket. As for the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) curve, an HC05 = 0.2649 [0.0789-0.7082] µg/L was obtained with no specific distribution between the different taxa. Protein-ligand docking analysis was then used to confirm the SSD curve ranking of species. Still, the results showed an opposite trend that may be related, for example, to differences in the LC50 values used in the calculations. This study serves as the first step for applying bioinformatics techniques to produce information that can be used as an alternative to animal or cellular experimentation. These techniques could be adapted to various chemicals and proteins, allowing for observations in a shorter timeframe and providing information on a broader spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Gonçalo de Carvalho Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Adriano Chessa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Oliveira Abreu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Oliva Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (I.O.A.); (L.O.T.); (A.P.C.)
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Madaloz TZ, Dos Santos K, Zacchi FL, Bainy ACD, Razzera G. Nuclear receptor superfamily structural diversity in pacific oyster: In silico identification of estradiol binding candidates. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139877. [PMID: 37619748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing presence of anthropogenic contaminants in aquatic environments poses challenges for species inhabiting contaminated sites. Due to their structural binding characteristics to ligands that inhibit or activate gene transcription, these xenobiotic compounds frequently target the nuclear receptor superfamily. The present work aims to understand the potential interaction between the hormone 17-β-estradiol, an environmental contaminant, and the nuclear receptors of Crassostrea gigas, the Pacific oyster. This filter-feeding, sessile oyster species is subject to environmental changes and exposure to contaminants. In the Pacific oyster, the estrogen-binding nuclear receptor is not able to bind this hormone as it does in vertebrates. However, another receptor may exhibit responsiveness to estrogen-like molecules and derivatives. We employed high-performance in silico methodologies, including three-dimensional modeling, molecular docking and atomistic molecular dynamics to identify likely binding candidates with the target moecule. Our approach revealed that among the C. gigas nuclear receptor superfamily, candidates with the most favorable interaction with the molecule of interest belonged to the NR1D, NR1H, NR1P, NR2E, NHR42, and NR0B groups. Interestingly, NR1H and NR0B were associated with planktonic/larval life cycle stages, while NR1P, NR2E, and NR0B were associated with sessile/adult life stages. The application of this computational methodological strategy demonstrated high performance in the virtual screening of candidates for binding with the target xenobiotic molecule and can be employed in other studies in the field of ecotoxicology in non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tâmela Zamboni Madaloz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karin Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lucena Zacchi
- Laboratório de Moluscos Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88061-600, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Vliet SM, Markey KJ, Lynn SG, Adetona A, Fallacara D, Ceger P, Choksi N, Karmaus AL, Watson A, Ewans A, Daniel AB, Hamm J, Vitense K, Wolf KA, Thomas A, LaLone CA. Weight of evidence for cross-species conservation of androgen receptor-based biological activity. Toxicol Sci 2023; 193:131-145. [PMID: 37071731 PMCID: PMC10796108 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) is tasked with assessing chemicals for their potential to perturb endocrine pathways, including those controlled by androgen receptor (AR). To address challenges associated with traditional testing strategies, EDSP is considering in vitro high-throughput screening assays to screen and prioritize chemicals more efficiently. The ability of these assays to accurately reflect chemical interactions in nonmammalian species remains uncertain. Therefore, a goal of the EDSP is to evaluate how broadly results can be extrapolated across taxa. To assess the cross-species conservation of AR-modulated pathways, computational analyses and systematic literature review approaches were used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of existing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo data. First, molecular target conservation was assessed across 585 diverse species based on the structural similarity of ARs. These results indicate that ARs are conserved across vertebrates and are predicted to share similarly susceptibility to chemicals that interact with the human AR. Systematic analysis of over 5000 published manuscripts was used to compile in vitro and in vivo cross-species toxicity data. Assessment of in vitro data indicates conservation of responses occurs across vertebrate ARs, with potential differences in sensitivity. Similarly, in vivo data indicate strong conservation of the AR signaling pathways across vertebrate species, although sensitivity may vary. Overall, this study demonstrates a framework for utilizing bioinformatics and existing data to build weight of evidence for cross-species extrapolation and provides a technical basis for extrapolating hAR-based data to prioritize hazard in nonmammalian vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M.F. Vliet
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kristan J. Markey
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scott G. Lynn
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelsey Vitense
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - Amy Thomas
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlie A. LaLone
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
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Wang YQ, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Chen L, Yang YM, Shi X, Power DM, Li YF. Stage-Specific Transcriptomes of the Mussel Mytilus coruscus Reveals the Developmental Program for the Planktonic to Benthic Transition. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020287. [PMID: 36833215 PMCID: PMC9957406 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many marine invertebrate larvae undergo complex morphological and physiological changes during the planktonic-benthic transition (a.k.a. metamorphosis). In this study, transcriptome analysis of different developmental stages was used to uncover the molecular mechanisms underpinning larval settlement and metamorphosis of the mussel, Mytilus coruscus. Analysis of highly upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the pediveliger stage revealed enrichment of immune-related genes. The results may indicate that larvae co-opt molecules of the immune system to sense and respond to external chemical cues and neuroendocrine signaling pathways forecast and trigger the response. The upregulation of adhesive protein genes linked to byssal thread secretion indicates the anchoring capacity required for larval settlement arises prior to metamorphosis. The results of gene expression support a role for the immune and neuroendocrine systems in mussel metamorphosis and provide the basis for future studies to disentangle gene networks and the biology of this important lifecycle transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, Sanmen Rural Bureau, Taizhou 317199, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lizhi Chen
- Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, Sanmen Rural Bureau, Taizhou 317199, China
| | - Yue-Ming Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xue Shi
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Deborah M. Power
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Yi-Feng Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (Y.-F.L.)
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Priscilla L, Malathi E, Moses Inbaraj R. Sex steroid profile during oocyte development and maturation in the intertidal worm Marphysa madrasi (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the east coast of India. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 331:114118. [PMID: 36037874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Marphysa madrasi is a commercially valuable maturation diet in crustacean aquaculture. This study presents the first detailed investigation of oogenesis in the intertidal polychaete worm M. madrasi and reports the steroid profile during oocyte growth and development. Oogenesis is extraovarian type I, originating from coelomic epithelial cells, with four stages of development - primary growth, early vitellogenic, late vitellogenic, and maturation. The primary growth phase contains oogonial cells and previtellogenic oocyte clusters in the early, mid, and late stages of development form a dispersed ovary attached to blood vessels. The late previtellogenic oocytes detach from the ovary at the onset of vitellogenesis. The detached oocytes complete vitellogenesis and final maturation in the coelomic fluid as solitary free-floating cells without any connection with follicle cells. The worms display asynchronous reproduction with a heterogeneous population of developing oocytes. Steroid extracts from the polychaete homogenates in different stages of oogenesis were identified by HPLC and confirmed by LC-MS/MS. In M. madrasi, two vertebrate-type steroids, pregnenolone (P5) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were detected and quantified. The P5 levels were low in immature worms but increased significantly by ∼ 8.3-fold in the previtellogenic stage and peaked during oocyte maturation. 17-OHP levels were low in immature worms but gradually increase as the oogenesis progress to the primary growth and early vitellogenic phase, with a significant increase (p < 0.001) during the late vitellogenic phase. Although an increase in the concentration of P5 and 17-OHP during vitellogenesis and maturation of oocytes points to a possible role in reproduction, the absence of other vertebrate-type steroids in the investigated polychaete signifies a plausible uptake of P5 and 17-OHP from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Priscilla
- Department of Zoology, Queen Mary's College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600004, Tamil Nadu, India; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - E Malathi
- Department of Zoology, Queen Mary's College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Moses Inbaraj
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, India.
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Mannai A, Hmida L, Bouraoui Z, Guerbej H, Gharred T, Jebali J. Does thermal stress modulate the biochemical and physiological responses of Ruditapes decussatus exposed to the progestin levonorgestrel? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85211-85228. [PMID: 35794321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of 1000 ng/l levonorgestrel (LNG) alone or combined with increased temperature of 20, 24, and 28 °C on the biochemical and physiological responses of the clam (Ruditapes decussatus) for 28 days. Our results revealed that female clams treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) alone showed enhancement of the antioxidant defense against oxidative stress related to the inductions of catalase (CAT), gluthatione -S -transferase (GST), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH), while the elevated temperatures of 20, 24, and 28 °C diminished most of the specific responses to LNG and was the main factor in the determining the responses to combine exposures. The responses of lysosomal membrane stability, alkaline phosphatase, and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase detected were the most common signs of an adverse effect in all exposures. Female clams' testosterone and estradiol responses to LNG were the most particular manifestations depending on the exposure. Overall, these findings showed clearly that chronic warming stress caused disruption in physiological, biochemical parameters of the female clam R. decussatus, and this may have implications for the whole organism and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mannai
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Leila Hmida
- Research Unit Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources (UR13AGRO1), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Charles Nicolle Avenue 43, Mahrajene City, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zied Bouraoui
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (LR16INSTM05), Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Guerbej
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (LR16INSTM05), Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Gharred
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Jebali
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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10
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Beyer J, Song Y, Tollefsen KE, Berge JA, Tveiten L, Helland A, Øxnevad S, Schøyen M. The ecotoxicology of marine tributyltin (TBT) hotspots: A review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105689. [PMID: 35777303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) was widely used as a highly efficient biocide in antifouling paints for ship and boat hulls. Eventually, TBT containing paints became globally banned when TBT was found to cause widespread contamination and non-target adverse effects in sensitive species, with induced pseudohermaphroditism in female neogastropods (imposex) being the best-known example. In this review, we address the history and the status of knowledge regarding TBT pollution and marine TBT hotspots, with a special emphasis on the Norwegian coastline. The review also presents a brief update on knowledge of TBT toxicity in various marine species and humans, highlighting the current understanding of toxicity mechanisms relevant for causing endocrine disruption in marine species. Despite observations of reduced TBT sediment concentrations in many marine sediments over the recent decades, contaminant hotspots are still prevalent worldwide. Consequently, efforts to monitor TBT levels and assessment of potential effects in sentinel species being potentially susceptible to TBT in these locations are still highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway.
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Arthur Berge
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Tveiten
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sigurd Øxnevad
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Schøyen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Xu R, Pan L, Zhou Y, Gao Z, Miao J, Yang Y, Li D. Reproductive toxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene exposure: first exploration highlighting the multi-stage molecular mechanism in female scallop Chlamys farreri. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48675-48693. [PMID: 35195870 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive toxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure has received great ecotoxicological concerns. However, huge gaps on the molecular mechanism still exist in bivalves. In this study, reproduction-related indicators were investigated in female scallops Chlamys farreri during life cycle of proliferative, growth, mature, and spawn stages, under gradient concentrations of B[a]P at 0, 0.04, 0.4, and 4 μg/L. Meanwhile, a multi-stage ovarian transcriptome analysis under 4 μg/L B[a]P exposure was also conducted to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that life-cycle exposure to 0.4 and 4 μg/L B[a]P significantly decreased GSI and sex steroid levels. Even 0.04 μg/L B[a]P could play the adverse role in DNA integrity at the mature and spawn stages. Ovarian histological sections showed that B[a]P inhibited the maturation and release of oocytes. Through the functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from transcriptome data, 18 genes involved in endocrine disruption effects, DNA damage and repair, and oogenesis were selected and further determined by qRT-PCR. The downregulation of genes involved in steroidogenic and estrogen signaling pathways indicated that B[a]P could cause endocrine disruption through both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways. The variations of gene expressions involved in DNA single-strand break and repair implied the presence of toxic mechanisms similar with vertebrates. Additionally, the changes of gene expressions of cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell adhesion suggested that exposure to B[a]P possibly caused the reproductive toxicity effects by affecting oogenesis. Taken together, this study was a pioneer in combining genome-wide transcriptomic analysis with its corresponding reproductive indicators (GSI, sex steroid levels, DNA single-strand break, and histological sections) to explore the bivalves' toxic mechanisms under B[a]P exposure. Meanwhile, some genes involved in estrogen signaling pathway and DNA damage were firstly analyzed in bivalves, and the expression data might be useful in establishing new hypotheses and discovering new biomarkers for marine biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhu J, Li J, Chapman EC, Shi H, Ciocan CM, Chen K, Shi X, Zhou J, Sun P, Zheng Y, Rotchell JM. Gonadal Atresia, Estrogen-Responsive, and Apoptosis-Specific mRNA Expression in Marine Mussels from the East China Coast: A Preliminary Study. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:1111-1117. [PMID: 35075493 PMCID: PMC9188513 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This preliminary survey analysed mussel atresia incidences, estrogen-responsive and apoptotic-specific molecular end points, and aqueous and gonadal levels of selected estrogens from the East China coast. Estrogen levels were low (e.g. < LOD-28.36 ng/L, < LOD-3.88 ng/g wet weight of tissue for BPA) relative to worldwide freshwater environments, but high oocyte follicle atresia incidences (up to 26.6%) occurred at selected sites. Expression of estrogen-responsive ER2 was significantly increased in males relative to females at sites with high atresia incidences in females. A second estrogen-responsive gene, V9, was significantly increased at two sites in April in females relative to males; the opposite was true for the remaining two sites. Apoptosis-specific genes (Bcl-2, fas) showed elevated expression in males relative to females at the site with the highest atresia incidence. These results provide coastal estrogen levels and the utility of several estrogen-specific molecular-level markers for marine mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiana Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Hardy Building, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Emma C Chapman
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Hardy Building, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Corina M Ciocan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - JunLiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Peiying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yueyao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Hardy Building, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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13
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Fodor I, Pirger Z. From Dark to Light - An Overview of Over 70 Years of Endocrine Disruption Research on Marine Mollusks. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:903575. [PMID: 35872980 PMCID: PMC9301197 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.903575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Fodor I, Schwarz T, Kiss B, Tapodi A, Schmidt J, Cousins ARO, Katsiadaki I, Scott AP, Pirger Z. Studies on a widely-recognized snail model species ( Lymnaea stagnalis) provide further evidence that vertebrate steroids do not have a hormonal role in the reproduction of mollusks. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:981564. [PMID: 36157463 PMCID: PMC9493083 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.981564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to determine whether, as with other mollusks that have been studied, the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, can absorb, esterify and store vertebrate steroids that are present in the water. We also carried out experiments to determine whether neural tissues of the snail could be immunohistochemically stained with an antibody to human aromatase (a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of testosterone [T] to 17β-estradiol [E2]); and, if so, to determine the significance of such staining. Previous studies on other mollusks have reported such staining and have proposed this as decisive evidence that mollusks have the same steroid synthesis pathway as vertebrates. We found that snails absorb, esterify and retain esterified T, E2, progesterone and ethinyl-estradiol (albeit with an absorption rate about four times slower, on a weight basis, than the mussel, Mytilus edulis). We also found that not only anti-human aromatase, but also anti-human nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR) and anti-human gonadotropin-releasing hormone antibodies immunohistochemically stained snail neural cells. However, further experiments, involving gel electrophoretic separation, followed by immunostaining, of proteins extracted from the neural tissue, found at least two positively-stained bands for each antibody, none of which had masses matching the human proteins to which the antibodies had been raised. The anti-aromatase antibody even stained the 140 kDA ladder protein used as a molecular weight marker on the gels. Mass spectrometric analysis of the bands did not find any peptide sequences that corresponded to the human proteins. Our findings confirm that the presence of vertebrate-like sex steroids in molluscan tissues is not necessarily evidence of endogenous origin. The results also show that immunohistochemical studies using antibodies against human proteins are grossly non-specific and likely to have little or no value in studying steroid synthesis or activity in mollusks. Our conclusions are consistent with the fact that genes for aromatase and nPR have not been found in the genome of the snail or of any other mollusk. Our overarching conclusion, from this and our previous studies, is that the endocrinology of mollusks is not the same as that of humans or any other vertebrates and that continuing to carry out physiological and ecotoxicological studies on mollusks on the basis of this false assumption, is an unconscionable waste of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Fodor
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Tihany, Hungary
- *Correspondence: István Fodor,
| | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Bence Kiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Antal Tapodi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alex R. O. Cousins
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Tihany, Hungary
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15
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Lebreton M, Malgouyres JM, Carayon JL, Bonnafé E, Géret F. Effects of the anxiolytic benzodiazepine oxazepam on freshwater gastropod reproduction: a prospective study. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1880-1892. [PMID: 34379245 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs have emerged as contaminants over the last few decades. These drugs are frequently prescribed and poorly eliminated by wastewater treatment plants, and many are present at non-negligible concentrations in surface waters. Several studies have investigated the non-target organism toxicity of one such drug, oxazepam, a benzodiazepine anxiolytic frequently detected in rivers. However, very little is known about the impact of this drug on reproduction. We investigated the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of oxazepam on Radix balthica, a freshwater gastropod widespread in Europe. We identified the reproductive organs of Radix balthica. We then exposed this gastropod to oxazepam for two months and assessed several reproductive parameters, from reproductive organ status to behavioral parameters. We found that adults exposed to 10 µg/L oxazepam display an increase in the density of spermatozoa, and that adults exposed to 0.8 µg/L oxazepam displayed a decrease in the number of eggs per egg mass over time. By contrast, oxazepam had no effect on shell length, the size of male reproductive organs or social interactions. Finally, a locomotor activity analysis showed the distance covered over time decreased in all conditions of exposure to oxazepam, potentially reflecting a disturbance of exploratory activity. These results shed light on the effects of oxazepam on the reproduction of a non-target freshwater mollusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lebreton
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Malgouyres
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Jean-Luc Carayon
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Elsa Bonnafé
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Florence Géret
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA 7417, INU Champollion, Albi, France
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16
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Svigruha R, Fodor I, Padisak J, Pirger Z. Progestogen-induced alterations and their ecological relevance in different embryonic and adult behaviours of an invertebrate model species, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59391-59402. [PMID: 33349911 PMCID: PMC8542004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of oral contraceptives (basically applying estrogens and/or progestogens) poses a challenge to animals living in aquatic ecosystems and reflects a rapidly growing concern worldwide. However, there is still a lack in knowledge about the behavioural effects induced by progestogens on the non-target species including molluscs. In the present study, environmental progestogen concentrations were summarised. Knowing this data, we exposed a well-established invertebrate model species, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) to relevant equi-concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 500 ng L-1) of mixtures of four progestogens (progesterone, drospirenone, gestodene, levonorgestrel) for 21 days. Significant alterations were observed in the embryonic development time, heart rate, feeding, and gliding activities of the embryos as well as in the feeding and locomotion activity of the adult specimens. All of the mixtures accelerated the embryonic development time and the gliding activity. Furthermore, the 10, 100, and 500 ng L-1 mixtures increased the heart rate and feeding activity of the embryos. The 10, 100, and 500 ng L-1 mixtures affected the feeding activity as well as the 1, 10, and 100 ng L-1 mixtures influenced the locomotion of the adult specimens. The differences of these adult behaviours showed a biphasic response to the progestogen exposure; however, they changed approximately in the opposite way. In case of feeding activity, this dose-response phenomenon can be identified as a hormesis response. Based on the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the non-reproductive effects of progestogens occurring also in the environment on molluscan species. Our findings contribute to the global understanding of the effects of human progestogens, as these potential disruptors can influence the behavioural activities of non-target aquatic species. Future research should aim to understand the potential mechanisms (e.g., receptors, signal pathways) of progestogens induced behavioural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Svigruha
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology Research Group, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
| | - Istvan Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology Research Group, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
| | - Judit Padisak
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology Research Group, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
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17
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Svigruha R, Fodor I, Győri J, Schmidt J, Padisák J, Pirger Z. Effects of chronic sublethal progestogen exposure on development, reproduction, and detoxification system of water flea, Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147113. [PMID: 33892323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of sex steroid hormones in aquatic ecosystems is of rapidly growing concern worldwide since they can affect the different non-target species including cladocerans. Although data are available on the effects of estrogens on the well-established ecotoxicological model organism Daphnia magna, the molecular or behavioural alterations induced by environmentally relevant concentrations (from a few ng L-1 to a few hundred ng L-1 in average) of progestogens have not been investigated on this species. In the present study, we exposed neonates of D. magna to relevant equi-concentrations (1, 10, 100, 500 ng L-1) of mixtures of four progestogens (progesterone, drospirenone, gestodene, levonorgestrel) in short-term (6 days) and long-term (21 days) experiments. Significant alterations were observed at the molecular, cellular, and individual levels. During the short-term exposure, all of the mixtures increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxification enzyme, moreover, the activity of GST was also significantly increased at the concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 ng L-1. In long-term exposure, the number of days until production of the first eggs was reduced at the 10 ng L-1 concentration compared to control, furthermore, the maximum egg number per individual increased at the concentrations of 1 and 10 ng L-1. Based on the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of progestogens in mixtures and at environmentally relevant concentrations on D. magna. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the possible physiological effects of human progestogens. Future research should be aimed at understanding the potential mechanisms (e.g., perception) underlying the changes induced by progestogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Svigruha
- Research Group of Limnology, Centre of Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; Ecophysiology and Environmental Toxicology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - István Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; Ecophysiology and Environmental Toxicology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - János Győri
- Ecophysiology and Environmental Toxicology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - János Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Padisák
- Research Group of Limnology, Centre of Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; Ecophysiology and Environmental Toxicology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
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18
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Fodor I, Koene JM, Pirger Z. Neuronal Transcriptome Analysis of a Widely Recognised Molluscan Model Organism Highlights the Absence of Key Proteins Involved in the De Novo Synthesis and Receptor-Mediation of Sex Steroids in Vertebrates. MALACOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.4002/040.064.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- István Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Joris M. Koene
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
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19
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Kronberg J, Byrne JJ, Jansen J, Antczak P, Hines A, Bignell J, Katsiadaki I, Viant MR, Falciani F. Modeling the metabolic profile of Mytilus edulis reveals molecular signatures linked to gonadal development, sex and environmental site. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12882. [PMID: 34145300 PMCID: PMC8213754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of anthropogenic chemicals in the aquatic environment including their potential effects on aquatic organisms, is important for protecting life under water, a key sustainable development goal. In parallel with monitoring the concentrations of chemicals of concern, sentinel species are often used to investigate the biological effects of contaminants. Among these, bivalve molluscs such as mussels are filter-feeding and sessile, hence an excellent model system for measuring localized pollution. This study investigates the relationship between the metabolic state of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and its physiology in different environments. We developed a computational model based on a reference site (relatively unpolluted) and integrated seasonal dynamics of metabolite relative concentrations with key physiological indicators and environmental parameters. The analysis of the model revealed that changes in metabolite levels during an annual cycle are influenced by water temperature and are linked to gonadal development. This work supports the importance of data-driven biology and its potential in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanika Kronberg
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.,Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jonathan J Byrne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Philipp Antczak
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Adam Hines
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - John Bignell
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The North, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), The North, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Mark R Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
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20
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Taubenheim J, Kortmann C, Fraune S. Function and Evolution of Nuclear Receptors in Environmental-Dependent Postembryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653792. [PMID: 34178983 PMCID: PMC8222990 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) fulfill key roles in the coordination of postembryonal developmental transitions in animal species. They control the metamorphosis and sexual maturation in virtually all animals and by that the two main environmental-dependent developmental decision points. Sexual maturation and metamorphosis are controlled by steroid receptors and thyroid receptors, respectively in vertebrates, while both processes are orchestrated by the ecdysone receptor (EcR) in insects. The regulation of these processes depends on environmental factors like nutrition, temperature, or photoperiods and by that NRs form evolutionary conserved mediators of phenotypic plasticity. While the mechanism of action for metamorphosis and sexual maturation are well studied in model organisms, the evolution of these systems is not entirely understood and requires further investigation. We here review the current knowledge of NR involvement in metamorphosis and sexual maturation across the animal tree of life with special attention to environmental integration and evolution of the signaling mechanism. Furthermore, we compare commonalities and differences of the different signaling systems. Finally, we identify key gaps in our knowledge of NR evolution, which, if sufficiently investigated, would lead to an importantly improved understanding of the evolution of complex signaling systems, the evolution of life history decision points, and, ultimately, speciation events in the metazoan kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Taubenheim
- Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constantin Kortmann
- Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fraune
- Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Fernández-González LE, Sánchez-Marín P, Gestal C, Beiras R, Diz AP. Vitellogenin gene expression in marine mussels exposed to ethinylestradiol: No induction at the transcriptional level. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 168:105315. [PMID: 33853012 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg), a large multidomain protein precursor of egg-yolk proteins, is used as an endocrine disruption biomarker in fish, and in the last decades, its use has been extended to invertebrates like mollusks. However, it remains unclear whether invertebrate endocrine system produces Vtg in response to estrogens, like it occurs in oviparous vertebrates. In a previous study, no evidence of induction of Vtg expression at protein level was found in gonads of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis after exposure to the estrogenic chemical 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). In the present follow-up study, it was investigated whether there is any effect of EE2 on Vtg abundance at transcriptional level in M. galloprovincialis gonads. To this aim, RT-qPCR analysis targeting three different domains of Vtg transcript was performed on gonads of mussels that were exposed either 4 or 24 days to 100 ng/L EE2. In addition, several reference genes were analysed and a selection of these for potential use in further RT-qPCR analyses on mussel male and female gonads is provided. Results showed higher expression in females than in males for the three analysed Vtg domains, and no evidence of Vtg mRNA induction due to EE2 either in females or males. The present results, together with those obtained from previous analysis at protein level, support that Vtg is not an adequate biomarker for xenoestrogenicity in marine mussels. Additionally, nucleotide sequences of Vtg transcripts of three closely-related species from Mytilus edulis complex (M. galloprovincialis, M. edulis and M. trossulus) are provided and compared with Vtg sequences from other mollusk species to assess the level of conservation and evolutionary relationships among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Emilia Fernández-González
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez-Marín
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Camino Gestal
- Marine Molecular Pathobiology Group, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel P Diz
- Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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22
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Wang T, Kong H, Shang Y, Dupont S, Peng J, Wang X, Deng Y, Peng J, Hu M, Wang Y. Ocean acidification but not hypoxia alters the gonad performance in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112282. [PMID: 33780757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and hypoxia have become increasingly severe in coastal areas, and their co-occurrence poses emerging threats to coastal ecosystems. Here, we investigated the combined effects of ocean acidification and hypoxia on the reproductive capacity of the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus. Our results demonstrated low pH but not low oxygen induced decreased gonadosomatic index (GSI) in mussels. Male mussels had a lower level of sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) when kept at low pH. Expression of genes related to reproduction were also impacted by low pH with a downregulation of genes involved in gonad development in males (β-catenin and Wnt-7b involved in males) and an upregulation of testosterone synthesis inhibition-related gene (Wnt-4) in females. Overall, our results suggest that ocean acidification has an impact on the gonadal development through an alternation of gene expression and level of steroids while hypoxia had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Kong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yueyong Shang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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23
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Consecutive sexual maturation observed in a rock shell population in the vicinity of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:560. [PMID: 33436968 PMCID: PMC7803997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) that followed the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, no rock shell (Thais clavigera; currently recognized as Reishia clavigera; Gastropoda, Neogastropoda, Muricidae) specimens were found near the plant from Hirono to Futaba Beach (a distance of approximately 30 km). In July 2016, however, rock shells were again found to inhabit the area. From April 2017 to May 2019, we collected rock shell specimens monthly at two sites near the FDNPP (Okuma and Tomioka) and at a reference site ~ 120 km south of the FDNPP (Hiraiso). We examined the gonads of the specimens histologically to evaluate their reproductive cycle and sexual maturation. The gonads of the rock shells collected at Okuma, ~ 1 km south of the FDNPP, exhibited consecutive sexual maturation during the 2 years from April 2017 to May 2019, whereas sexual maturation of the gonads of specimens collected at Hiraiso was observed only in summer. The consecutive sexual maturation of the gonads of the specimens collected at Okuma might not represent a temporary phenomenon but rather a site-specific phenotype, possibly caused by specific environmental factors near the FDNPP.
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Katsiadaki I, Schwarz TI, Cousins ARO, Scott AP. The Uptake of Ethinyl-Estradiol and Cortisol From Water by Mussels ( Mytilus spp.). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:794623. [PMID: 34975764 PMCID: PMC8714933 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.794623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous toxicokinetic studies have shown that mussels (Mytilus spp.) can readily absorb the three main mammalian sex steroids, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and progesterone (P) from water. They also have a strong ability to store E2 and the 5α-reduced metabolites of T and P in the form of fatty acid esters. These esters were shown to have half-lives that were measured in weeks (i.e. they were not subject to fast depuration). The present study looked at the toxicokinetic profile of two other common steroids that are found in water, the potent synthetic oestrogen, (ethinyl-estradiol) (EE2; one of the two components of 'the pill'), and cortisol, a natural stress steroid in vertebrates. In the first three hours of uptake, tritiated EE2 was found to be taken up at a similar rate to tritiated E2. However, the levels in the water plateaued sooner than E2. The ability of the animals to both esterify and sulphate EE2 was found to be much lower than E2, but nevertheless did still take place. After 24 h of exposure, the majority of radiolabelled EE2 in the animals was present in the form of free steroid, contrary to E2, which was esterified. This metabolism was reflected in a much lower half-life (of only 15 h for EE2 in the mussels as opposed to 8 days for E2 and >10 days for T and P). Intriguingly, hardly any cortisol (in fact none at all in one of the experiments) was absorbed by the mussels. The implications of this finding in both toxicokinetic profiling and evolutionary significance (why cortisol might have evolved as a stress steroid in bony fishes) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ioanna Katsiadaki,
| | - Tamar I. Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alex R. O. Cousins
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, United Kingdom
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Gilroy ÈAM, Bartlett AJ, Gillis PL, Bendo NA, Salerno J, Hedges AM, Brown LR, Holman EAM, Stock NL, de Solla SR. Toxicity of the pharmaceuticals finasteride and melengestrol acetate to benthic invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41803-41815. [PMID: 32696412 PMCID: PMC7679302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of endocrinologically active pharmaceuticals finasteride (FIN) and melengestrol acetate (MGA) was assessed in freshwater mussels, including acute (48 h) aqueous tests with glochidia from Lampsilis siliquoidea, sub-chronic (14 days) sediment tests with gravid female Lampsilis fasciola, and chronic (28 days) sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea, and in chronic (42 days) sediment tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the mayfly Hexagenia spp. Finasteride was not toxic in acute aqueous tests with L. siliquoidea glochidia (up to 23 mg/L), whereas significant toxicity to survival and burial ability was detected in chronic sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea (chronic value (ChV, the geometric mean of LOEC and NOEC) = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Amphipods (survival, growth, reproduction, and sex ratio) and mayflies (growth) were similarly sensitive (ChV = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Melengestrol acetate was acutely toxic to L. siliquoidea glochidia at 4 mg/L in aqueous tests; in sediment tests, mayflies were the most sensitive species, with significant growth effects observed at 37 mg/kg (0.25 mg/L) (ChV = 21 mg/kg (0.1 mg/L)). Exposure to sublethal concentrations of FIN and MGA had no effect on the (luring and filtering) behaviour of gravid L. fasciola, or the viability of their brooding glochidia. Based on the limited number of measured environmental concentrations of both chemicals, and their projected concentrations, no direct effects are expected by these compounds individually on the invertebrates tested. However, organisms are exposed to contaminant mixtures in the aquatic environment, and thus, the effects of FIN and MGA as components of these mixtures require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ève A M Gilroy
- Green House Science, Burlington, ON, Canada.
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Adrienne J Bartlett
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Bendo
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Salerno
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Amanda M Hedges
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lisa R Brown
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emily A M Holman
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Naomi L Stock
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
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26
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Fodor I, Urbán P, Scott AP, Pirger Z. A critical evaluation of some of the recent so-called 'evidence' for the involvement of vertebrate-type sex steroids in the reproduction of mollusks. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 516:110949. [PMID: 32687858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies on the control of reproduction in mollusks have focused on hormones (and proteins associated with the production and signaling of those hormones) which were originally discovered in humans, in the belief that if they are also present in mollusks, they must have the same role. However, although human sex steroids can be found in mollusks, they are so readily absorbed that their presence is not necessarily evidence of endogenous synthesis. A homolog of the vertebrate nuclear estrogen receptor has been found in mollusks, but it does not bind to estrogens or indeed to any steroid at all. Antibodies against human aromatase show positive immunostaining in mollusks, yet the aromatase gene has not been found in the genome of any invertebrates (let alone mollusks). This review will deal with these and other examples of contradictory evidence for a role of human hormones in invertebrate reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, 8237, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Péter Urbán
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facilities, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alexander P Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, 8237, Tihany, Hungary
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27
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Kim MA, Kim TH, Lee S, Nam BH, Lee JS, Jang W, Sohn YC. Ovarian transcriptome profiles associated with sexual maturation in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1179-1188. [PMID: 32804357 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now abundant information on genes involved in molluscan oogenesis and their associations with ovarian development. However, few studies have investigated the ovarian transcriptome of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify genes related to ovarian development and maturation in Pacific abalone utilizing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and to verify the genes most relevant to different stages of maturation. METHODS RNA samples from the ovarian tissues of sexually immature and mature abalone were used to construct cDNA libraries, which were paired-end sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Reads from individual samples (unigenes) were aligned to reference transcriptome databases for identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between immature and mature ovarian libraries. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the RNA-seq data. RESULTS A total of 8779 unigenes were obtained from the ovaries of immature and mature abalone, with a total length of 3323,279 bp and an average length of 379 bp per gene. Gene ontology analysis assigned 5860 unigenes to biological processes, 855 to cellular components, and 1352 to molecular functions. Overall, 470 DEGs were identified, including 213 and 257 genes down-regulated and up-regulated in mature abalone, respectively. Among these, 13 relevant transcripts, including VTG1 and FZD7, were significantly highly expressed in the ovaries of mature abalone (p < 0.05, fold change > 2). CONCLUSION This H. discus hannai ovary transcriptome provides molecular targets to better understand ovarian development, oogenesis, and sexual maturation, and to enhance Pacific abalone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ae Kim
- Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea.,The East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ha Kim
- Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sick Lee
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Sohn
- Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Kidd KA, Graves SD, McKee GI, Dyszy K, Podemski CL. Effects of Whole-Lake Additions of Ethynylestradiol on Leech Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1608-1619. [PMID: 32692460 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leeches are widespread, found in many freshwater habitats, and have diverse dietary habits. Despite their close phylogenetic relationships to Mollusca, a phylum with species affected by exogenous estrogens, it is unclear whether Hirudinea may also be impacted. A whole-lake experiment was done at the Experimental Lakes Area in Ontario, Canada, to assess whether 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) affected fishes and other species. Herein, we examined whether EE2 impacted leech community composition, species abundance, growth rates, gonad size, and cocoon production, when compared with reference lakes using a before-after-control-impact design. Each month baited leech traps were set overnight in the littoral zone at 10 sites around experimental Lake 260 and 2 reference lakes, and individuals were identified, weighed, and measured. Male and female organs of common species Haemopis marmorata were measured. Across all lakes, 9 species representing 3 families were collected. There were no apparent effects of EE2 on numbers, species richness, or community composition; however, condition in 1 of 5 species increased significantly after EE2 exposures. Total gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the GSI for all male or all female organs combined for H. marmorata were not affected by EE2 additions. However, some individual reproductive organs including relative sperm sac length (+), relative epididymis weight (-), relative vaginal bulb length (+), and relative ovisac + albumen gland length (+) changed after EE2 additions. Finally, whereas overall cocoon production was similar, it occurred earlier in the EE2-amended lake. In summary, few individual through community measures of leeches responded to low ng/L concentrations of EE2, suggesting that Hirudinea are less sensitive to this endocrine disruptor than other invertebrates and vertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1608-1619. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Kidd
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biology and School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie D Graves
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Graydon I McKee
- Department of Biology and School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Cheryl L Podemski
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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29
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Fernández-González LE, Diz AP, Gloria Grueiro N, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Beiras R, Sánchez-Marín P. No evidence that vitellogenin protein expression is induced in marine mussels after exposure to an estrogenic chemical. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137638. [PMID: 32169639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of endocrine disrupting chemicals reach the marine environment and can cause harmful effects in different marine organisms. Vitellogenin (Vtg), the egg-yolk precursor, is a commonly used endocrine disruption biomarker in fish and more recently in marine invertebrates under the assumption of high expected similarities in the endocrine system of vertebrates and invertebrates. However, this assumption has been recently questioned. The results from previous studies focused on bivalve molluscs showed that Vtg induction could be misleading because of the use of either non-robust or indirect techniques to measure Vtg. In this study, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to either 10 or 100 ng/L of the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at different exposure times (4 and 24 days) and under different feeding regimes (representing different energy balances), and Vtg levels in both male and female mussel gonads were quantified by label free shotgun LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis. Vtg protein was not detected in male gonads. In female gonads, Vtg levels were not significantly affected by EE2 at any exposure time or EE2 concentration tested, whereas a significant correlation was found between the degree of maturation of the gonad and Vtg levels in females. Results obtained in the present study critically question the use of Vtg as a biomarker of endocrine disruption in marine mussels, and show that the degree of maturation of the gonad can be an important confounding factor in the attempts to evaluate estrogenic effects through Vtg measurement in mussel gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Emilia Fernández-González
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Angel P Diz
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Noche Gloria Grueiro
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de Vigo (CIM-UVIGO), Isla de Toralla, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez-Marín
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 36390 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
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30
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Cuvillier-Hot V, Lenoir A. Invertebrates facing environmental contamination by endocrine disruptors: Novel evidences and recent insights. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110712. [PMID: 31962147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The crisis of biodiversity we currently experience raises the question of the impact of anthropogenic chemicals on wild life health. Endocrine disruptors are notably incriminated because of their possible effects on development and reproduction, including at very low doses. As commonly recorded in the field, the burden they impose on wild species also concerns invertebrates, with possible specificities linked with the specific physiology of these animals. A better understanding of chemically-mediated endocrine disruption in these species has clearly gained from knowledge accumulated on vertebrate models. But the molecular pathways specific to invertebrates also need to be reckoned, which implies dedicated research efforts to decipher their basic functioning in order to be able to assess its possible disruption. The recent rising of omics technologies opens the way to an intensification of these efforts on both aspects, even in species almost uninvestigated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Lenoir
- IRBI, Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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31
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Nuurai P, Wanichanon C, Wanichanon R. Effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone on the expression of luteinizing hormone and estrogen in the nerve ganglia and ovary of a tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina Linnaeus. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151454. [PMID: 31606271 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide brain hormone that is involved in the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates via stimulation of the secretion of the pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which in their turn stimulate sexual development and sex steroid hormone secretion by the gonads. The tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina, in common with many other invertebrates contains a peptide with a similar structure to GnRH. This study looks at its possible involvement in reproduction by injecting groups of one-year-old female abalone at the mature phase by injecting them with synthetic H. asinina (Has) GnRH at doses of 0, 250 and 500 ng/g and then measuring the amount of material in nerve ganglia, ovary and hemolymph that cross-reacted with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for vertebrate LH and steroid, estradiol. Immunohistochemistry, using antibodies for the same two compounds, was also carried out to examine the location of immunoactivity in the tissues of the animals. There were slight (in some cases statistically significant) increases in LH-immunoactivity and estradiol in the hemolymph and tissues. However, this applied to the lower dose only (i.e the dose-response relationship was non-monotonic). Using immunohistochemistry, LH-immunoreactive cells were observed in types 1 and 2 neurosecretory (NS1 and NS2) cells within the cerebral and pleuropedal ganglia of H. asinina. In addition, LH-immunoreactive nerve fiber bundles were strongly detected in both ganglia. The immunoactivity against the estrogen appeared to be localized in the granulated cells within the connective tissue and trabeculae of the mature ovary. There was no positive staining in the cytoplasm of any stage of the germ cells. The interpretation of these findings is presently hindered by the fact that the homologous gene for vertebrate LH has not yet been identified in the genomes of any mollusks (so the cause of the immunostaining is as yet unknown) and also by the fact that mollusks are known to readily absorb steroids from the environment and store them long-term in the form of fatty acid esters. More work, involving identification of the protein that cross-reacts with the LH antiserum and also exclusion of the possibility that the estradiol is of exogenous origin, will have to be carried out before these findings can be used to manipulate reproduction in this species.
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Baynes A, Montagut Pino G, Duong GH, Lockyer AE, McDougall C, Jobling S, Routledge EJ. Early embryonic exposure of freshwater gastropods to pharmaceutical 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors results in a surprising open-coiled "banana-shaped" shell. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16439. [PMID: 31712739 PMCID: PMC6848481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the steroidogenesis enzyme 5α-reductase converts testosterone to the more potent androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Homologues of 5α-reductase genes have been identified in molluscs. However, recent findings suggest that vertebrate-type steroid androgens are not utilised in molluscan reproductive development. Genomic searches have revealed that molluscs do not possess many of the steroidogenic enzymes required to make testosterone, nor a nuclear androgen receptor. Consequently, the role of 5α-reductase in molluscs presents a mystery. Here, developmental exposures of Biomphalaria glabrata to selective pharmaceutical 5α-reductase inhibitors elicited a strong, highly reproducible phenotypic response characterised by the development of elongated "banana-shaped" shell morphology. In comparison to untreated snails, the shells are open-coiled and the whorls are unattached. Dutasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor) is approximately 10-times more potent at provoking the banana-shaped shell phenotype than finasteride, paralleling the pharmaceuticals' efficacy in humans. Other enzyme inhibitors with different modes of action were tested to investigate the specificity of the phenotype. However, only the pharmaceutical 5α-reductase inhibitors provoked the response. Dutasteride elicited the same phenotype in a second gastropod, Physella acuta. In the absence of evidence for de novo androgen steroidogenesis in molluscs, these findings suggest that novel substrates for 5α-reductase exist in gastropods, lending support to the contention that molluscan endocrinology differs from the well-characterised vertebrate endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Baynes
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Gemma Montagut Pino
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
- Centre for Obesity Research, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Giang Huong Duong
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Lockyer
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel McDougall
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Susan Jobling
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin J Routledge
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
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Świacka K, Maculewicz J, Smolarz K, Szaniawska A, Caban M. Mytilidae as model organisms in the marine ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals - A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113082. [PMID: 31472454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Growing production and consumption of pharmaceuticals is a global problem. Due to insufficient data on the concentration and distribution of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment, there are no appropriate legal regulations concerning their emission. In order to understand all aspects of the fate of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment and their effect on marine biota, it is necessary to find the most appropriate model organism for this purpose. This paper presents an overview of the ecotoxicological studies of pharmaceuticals, regarding the assessment of Mytilidae as suitable organisms for biomonitoring programs and toxicity tests. The use of mussels in the monitoring of pharmaceuticals allows the observation of changes in the concentration and distribution of these compounds. This in turn gives valuable information on the amount of pharmaceutical pollutants released into the environment in different areas. In this context, information necessary for the assessment of risks related to pharmaceuticals in the marine environment are provided based on what effective management procedures can be developed. However, the accumulation capacity of individual Mytilidae species, the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals and their biological effects should be further scrutinized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Szaniawska
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Zapata-Restrepo LM, Hauton C, Williams ID, Jensen AC, Hudson MD. Effects of the interaction between temperature and steroid hormones on gametogenesis and sex ratio in the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 236:110523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gnatyshyna L, Falfushynska H, Horyn O, Khoma V, Martinyuk V, Mishchuk O, Mishchuk N, Stoliar O. Biochemical responses of freshwater mussel Unio tumidus to titanium oxide nanoparticles, Bisphenol A, and their combination. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:923-937. [PMID: 31401716 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple interactions between different pollutants in the surface waters can cause unpredictable consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effect of two widespread xenobiotics, titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) and bisphenol A (BPA), on freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus. The specimens were exposed for 14 days to TiCl4 (Ti, 1.25 µM), TiO2 (1.25 μM), BPA (0.88 nM), or their combination (TiO2 + BPA). Every type of exposure resulted in a particular oxidative stress response: TiO2 had antioxidant effect, decreasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phenoloxidase (PhO) activity, and doubling reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in the digestive gland; Ti caused oxidative changes by increasing levels of ROS, PhO and superoxide dismutase; BPA decreased the GSH level by a factor of two. In the co-exposure treatment, these indices as well as lysosomal membrane stability were not affected. All Ti-containing exposures caused elevated levels of metalated metallothionein (Zn,Cu-MT), its ratio to total metallothionein protein, and lactate/pyruvate ratio. Both BPA-containing exposures decreased caspase-3 activity. All exposures, and particularly co-exposure, up-regulated CYP450-dependent oxidation, lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin accumulation, lysosomal cathepsin D and its efflux, as well as alkali-labile phosphates in gonads and caused DNA instability (except for TiO2). To summarize, co-exposure to TiO2 + BPA produced an overlap of certain individual responses but strengthened the damage. Development of water purification technologies using TiO2 requires further studies of the biological effects of its mixtures. U. tumidus can serve as a sentinel organism in such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya Gnatyshyna
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Horyn
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | - Vira Khoma
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | - Viktoria Martinyuk
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | | | - Natalia Mishchuk
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Stoliar
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Pyrohova, Ukraine.
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Balbi T, Ciacci C, Canesi L. Estrogenic compounds as exogenous modulators of physiological functions in molluscs: Signaling pathways and biological responses. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 222:135-144. [PMID: 31055067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Molluscs have been widely utilized to evaluate the effects of estrogenic compounds, one of the most widespread classes of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-EDCs. However, knowledge on steroid signaling and metabolism in molluscs has considerably increased in the last decade: from these studies, a considerable debate emerged on the role of 'natural' steroids in physiology, in particular in reproduction, of this invertebrate group. In this work, available information on the effects and mechanisms of action of estrogens in molluscs will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on bivalves that, widespread in aquatic ecosystems, are most likely affected by exposure to estrogenic EDCs. Recent advances in steroid uptake and metabolism, and estrogen receptors-ERs in molluscs, as well as in estrogen signaling in vertebrates, will be considered. The results so far obtained with 17β-estradiol and different estrogenic compounds in the model bivalve Mytilus spp., demonstrate specific effects on immune function, development and metabolism. Transcriptomic data reveal non genomic estrogen signaling pathways in mussel tissues that are supported by new observations at the cellular level. In vitro and in vivo data show, through independent lines of evidence, that estrogens act through non-genomic signaling pathways in bivalves. In this light, regardless of whether molluscs synthesize estrogens de novo or not, and despite their ERs are not directly activated by ligand binding, estrogens can interact with multiple signaling components, leading to modulation of different physiological functions. Increasing knowledge in endocrine physiology of molluscs will provide a framework for a better evaluation and interpretation of data on the impact of estrogenic EDCs in this invertebrate group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences (DIBS), University 'Carlo Bo' of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Dept. of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Mendelski MN, Dölling R, Feller FM, Hoffmann D, Ramos Fangmeier L, Ludwig KC, Yücel O, Mährlein A, Paul RJ, Philipp B. Steroids originating from bacterial bile acid degradation affect Caenorhabditis elegans and indicate potential risks for the fauna of manured soils. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11120. [PMID: 31366938 PMCID: PMC6668416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are steroid compounds from the digestive tracts of vertebrates that enter agricultural environments in unusual high amounts with manure. Bacteria degrading bile acids can readily be isolated from soils and waters including agricultural areas. Under laboratory conditions, these bacteria transiently release steroid compounds as degradation intermediates into the environment. These compounds include androstadienediones (ADDs), which are C19-steroids with potential hormonal effects. Experiments with Caenorhabditis elegans showed that ADDs derived from bacterial bile acid degradation had effects on its tactile response, reproduction rate, and developmental speed. Additional experiments with a deletion mutant as well as transcriptomic analyses indicated that these effects might be conveyed by the putative testosterone receptor NHR-69. Soil microcosms showed that the natural microflora of agricultural soil is readily induced for bile acid degradation accompanied by the transient release of steroid intermediates. Establishment of a model system with a Pseudomonas strain and C. elegans in sand microcosms indicated transient release of ADDs during the course of bile acid degradation and negative effects on the reproduction rate of the nematode. This proof-of-principle study points at bacterial degradation of manure-derived bile acids as a potential and so-far overlooked risk for invertebrates in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Mendelski
- Institute of Zoophysiology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - R Dölling
- Institute of Zoophysiology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - F M Feller
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - D Hoffmann
- Institute of Zoophysiology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - L Ramos Fangmeier
- Institute of Zoophysiology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - K C Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - O Yücel
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - A Mährlein
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - R J Paul
- Institute of Zoophysiology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - B Philipp
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster (WWU), Münster, Germany.
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38
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Ren J, Chung-Davidson YW, Jia L, Li W. Genomic sequence analyses of classical and non-classical lamprey progesterone receptor genes and the inference of homologous gene evolution in metazoans. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:136. [PMID: 31262250 PMCID: PMC6604198 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR) is an evolutionary innovation in vertebrates that mediates genomic responses to progesterone. Vertebrates also respond to progesterone via membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) or membrane associated progesterone receptors (MAPRs) through rapid nongenomic mechanisms. Lampreys are extant agnathan vertebrates, residing at the evolutionary juncture where vertebrates diverged from invertebrates. A survey of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene sequences in lamprey genomes would inform PR gene evolutionary events during the transition from invertebrates to vertebrates. RESULTS In this study, we annotated sequences of one nPR, four mPR (β, γ, δ and ε) and four MAPR genes from genomes of two lamprey species (Petromyzon marinus and Lethenteron japonicum). To infer the origin and evolutionary history of PR genes, we constructed phylogenetic trees of PR homologous sequences across representative species of metazoans. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the mPRγ gene first appeared in non-bilaterians, and the mPRβ gene likely arose from a duplication of mPRγ. On the other hand, the mPRγ gene gave rise to the mPRδ and ε genes much later in the vertebrate lineage. In addition, the mPRα gene first appeared in cartilaginous fishes, likely derived from duplication of mPRβ after the agnathan-gnathostome divergence. All known MAPR genes were present in the lamprey genomes. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), neudesin and neuferricin genes probably evolved in parallel in non-bilaterians, whereas two copies of PGRMC genes probably derived from duplication of ancestral PGRMC1 sequence and appeared before the speciation of lampreys. CONCLUSIONS Non-classical mPR and MAPR genes first evolved in non-bilaterians and classical nPR genes evolved later in basal vertebrates. Sequence repertoires for membrane progesterone receptor genes in vertebrates likely originated from an ancestral metazoan sequence and expanded via several duplication events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ren
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Liang Jia
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Hallmann A, Konieczna L, Swiezak J, Milczarek R, Smolarz K. Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6953. [PMID: 31198629 PMCID: PMC6535040 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the enzymatic complex able to perform aromatization (estrogen synthesis) in both, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of gills and gonads from Mytilus trossulus. Based on in vitro experiments, we highlighted the importance of temperature as the limiting factor of aromatisation efficiency (AE) in mussels. After testing range of temperatures (4–23 °C), the highest AE was found during incubation at 8 °C and pH 7.6 (41.66 pmol/h/mg protein in gills and 58.37 pmol/h/mg protein in gonads). The results were confirmed during field studies where the most efficient aromatisation occurred in bivalves collected in spring while the least effective in those collected in winter. During in vitro studies, AE turned out to be more intensive in female gonads than in male gonads. The process was also more intensive in mitochondrial fraction than in microsomal one (62.97 pmol/h/mg protein in male gills and 73.94 pmol/h/mg protein in female gonads). Enzymatic complex (aromatase-like enzyme) catalysing aromatisation in mussels was found to be insensitive to inhibitory effect of selective inhibitors of mammalian aromatase such as letrozole and anastrazole, suggesting its different structure from vertebrate aromatase. Further in vivo studies using 13C-labeled steroids at 8 °C temperature window confirmed that bivalves are able to uptake testosterone and androstenedione from the ambient environment and metabolise them to estrone and 17β-estradiol thus confirming endogenous estrogen’ synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hallmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lucyna Konieczna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Swiezak
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Ryszard Milczarek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland
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Kim KS, Kim MA, Sohn YC. Molecular characterization, expression analysis, and functional properties of multiple 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 276:52-59. [PMID: 30849410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in the central nervous system regulate diverse physiological functions, including reproduction, feeding, learning, and memory, in diverse animal phyla. 5-HT and the 5-HT1 subtype receptor play important roles in sexual maturation and in the initiation of gamete release in mollusks. However, little is known about the involvement of other 5-HT receptor subfamilies in the reproduction process. In the present study, we identified the cDNAs encoding eight subtypes of 5-HT receptors from the ganglia tissues of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai (Mollusca; Gastropoda; Haliotidae), and examined the gonadal expression of the transcripts of 5-HT receptors. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the molluskan 5-HT receptors are largely classified into four major clades: 5-HT1/5/7, 5-HT2, 5-HT4, and 5-HT6. Among the H. discus hannai (Hdh) 5-HT1-7 transcripts, Hdh5-HT1B, 4A, 4B, and 6 were the major subtypes detected in the mature ovary. Estradiol-17β injection into the pedal sinus induced the downregulation of 5-HT4B and upregulation of 5-HT6 transcripts in the ovary of mature abalone within 72 h. In HEK293 cells overexpressing Hdh5-HT1B, forskolin-stimulated cAMP response element luciferase (CRE-Luc) reporter activity was inhibited by 5-HT in a dose-dependent manner, whereas serum response element luciferase (SRE-Luc) activity was not affected. In Hdh5-HT4A-expressing HEK293 cells, forskolin-stimulated CRE-Luc and SRE-Luc reporter activities were both marginally increased by treatment with a high dose of 5-HT. Our results provide new insights into the roles of 5-HT through diverse G protein-coupled 5-HT receptors in the reproductive process of mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Seop Kim
- Department of Marine Molecular Biosciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Sohn
- Department of Marine Molecular Biosciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea.
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Tran TKA, Yu RMK, Islam R, Nguyen THT, Bui TLH, Kong RYC, O'Connor WA, Leusch FDL, Andrew-Priestley M, MacFarlane GR. The utility of vitellogenin as a biomarker of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in molluscs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:1067-1078. [PMID: 31091639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural hormones, synthetic compounds or industrial chemicals that mimic estrogens due to their structural similarity with estrogen's functional moieties. They typically enter aquatic environments through wastewater treatment plant effluents or runoff from intensive livestock operations. Globally, most natural and synthetic estrogens in receiving aquatic environments are in the low ng/L range, while industrial chemicals (such as bisphenol A, nonylphenol and octylphenol) are present in the μg to low mg/L range. These environmental concentrations often exceed laboratory-based predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) and have been evidenced to cause negative reproductive impacts on resident aquatic biota. In vertebrates, such as fish, a well-established indicator of estrogen-mediated endocrine disruption is overexpression of the egg yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (Vtg) in males. Although the vertebrate Vtg has high sensitivity and specificity to estrogens, and the molecular basis of its estrogen inducibility has been well studied, there is growing ethical concern over the use of vertebrate animals for contaminant monitoring. The potential utility of the invertebrate Vtg as a biomonitor for environmental estrogens has therefore gained increasing attention. Here we review evidence providing support that the molluscan Vtg holds promise as an invertebrate biomarker for exposure to estrogens. Unlike vertebrates, estrogen signalling in invertebrates remains largely unclarified and the classical genomic pathway only partially explains estrogen-mediated activation of Vtg. In light of this, in the latter part of this review, we summarise recent progress towards understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of the molluscan Vtg gene by estrogens and present a hypothetical model of the interplay between genomic and non-genomic pathways in the transcriptional regulation of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Anh Tran
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Institute for Agriculture and Resources, Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Thi Hong Tham Nguyen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Institute for Agriculture and Resources, Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Lien Ha Bui
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Division of Experimental Biology, Research Institute for Aquaculture No 2, Viet Nam
| | - Richard Yuen Chong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | | | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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42
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Aquilino M, Sánchez-Argüello P, Novo M, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Effects on tadpole snail gene expression after exposure to vinclozolin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:568-577. [PMID: 30576892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide vinclozolin (Vz) is an endocrine disruptor with known anti-androgenic activity in vertebrates. However, there is a lack of information about the Vz mode of action in invertebrates, although some studies have shown that this compound can produce alterations in different species. Transcriptional activity was analyzed in the freshwater snail Physella acuta in order to elucidate putative cellular processes altered by this chemical during a response. In order to identify potential molecular biomarkers, a de novo transcriptome was generated for this species that constitutes a valuable source for future studies. This data, together with some already available data, permitted the identification of several genes related to detoxification mechanisms (Cyp2u1, Cyp3a7, Cyp4f22, GSTo1, GSTt2, and MRP1), stress response (Hsp20.4, Hsp17, Hsp16.6, and Cu,Zn-SOD), the hormonal system (Estrogen Receptor and Hsp90), apoptosis (Casp3), and copper homeostasis (ATOX1). Using quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction, mRNA levels of these genes were examined in snails exposed to 20 or 200 µg/L Vz for 24 h. The results showed an overall weak response, with downregulation of Hsp20.4 and no statistically significant change for the other genes. These findings suggest that P. acuta can manage the concentrations of Vz found in the environment with no relevant activation of the pathways analyzed, although additional studies are needed for longer exposure times and including other metabolic pathways. The new genes described open the range of processes that can be studied at the molecular level in toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Aquilino
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Argüello
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, INIA, Crta A Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Novo
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Nóvais sn, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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43
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Rosati L, Agnese M, Abagnale L, Aniello F, Andreuccetti P, Prisco M. The Mussel
Mytilus galloprovincialis
in the Bay of Naples: New Insights on Oogenic Cycle and Its Hormonal Control. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1039-1049. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rosati
- Department of BiologyFederico II Naples University Naples Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieUniversità degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” Naples Italy
| | - Marisa Agnese
- Department of BiologyFederico II Naples University Naples Italy
| | - Ludovico Abagnale
- 3th South Naples ASLVeterinary Operative Unit, Torre del Greco Naples Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Prisco
- Department of BiologyFederico II Naples University Naples Italy
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44
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Thitiphuree T, Nagasawa K, Osada M. Molecular identification of steroidogenesis-related genes in scallops and their potential roles in gametogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:22-33. [PMID: 30195968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroids are crucial for controlling gametogenesis and germ cell maturation in vertebrates. It has been proposed that Yesso scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) has the same sex steroids as those animals, but the scallop biosynthetic pathway is unclear. In this study, we characterized several steroidogenesis-related genes in M. yessoensis and proposed a putative biosynthetic pathway for sex steroids that is similar to that of vertebrates. Specifically, we identified several steroidogenesis-related gene sequences that encode steroid metabolizing enzymes: StAR-related lipid transfer (START) protein, 17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase (cyp17a), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd17b), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd3b). We sampled adult scallops throughout their reproductive phase to compare their degree of maturation with their intensity of mRNA expression. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed a ubiquitous expression of transcripts for steroid metabolizing enzymes (i.e., star, cyp17a, hsd17b, and hsd3b) in peripheral and gonadal tissues. Real-time PCR analysis revealed a high level of expression of star3 and cyp17a genes in gonadal tissues at the early stage of cell differentiation in scallops. Interestingly, mRNA expression of hsd3b and hsd17b genes showed a synchronous pattern related to degree of gonad maturity. These results indicate that both hsd3b and hsd17b genes are likely involved in steroidogenesis in scallops. We therefore believe that these steroid-metabolizing enzymes allow scallops to endogenously produce sex steroids to regulate reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongchai Thitiphuree
- Laboratory of Aquacultural Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kazue Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Aquacultural Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Makoto Osada
- Laboratory of Aquacultural Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
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45
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Schøyen M, Green NW, Hjermann DØ, Tveiten L, Beylich B, Øxnevad S, Beyer J. Levels and trends of tributyltin (TBT) and imposex in dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) along the Norwegian coastline from 1991 to 2017. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 144:1-8. [PMID: 30497665 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The banning of organotin biocides, such as tributyltin (TBT), from use in marine antifouling paints is now leading to reproductive health recovery in marine gastropod populations all over the world. TBT induces so-called imposex (superimposition of male sexual characters onto females) in certain marine gastropods, such as the common dogwhelk Nucella lapillus. In this publication, the results of the Norwegian TBT and imposex monitoring in N. lapillus from the period 1991-2017 are presented. Significantly higher levels of TBT and imposex were measured in coastal areas close to shipping lanes along most of the coast prior to 2008 than afterwards. Levels started declining after restrictions were imposed on the use of TBT in all antifouling paint applications, with a total ban in 2008. In 2017, no sign of imposex was found in N. lapillus in any of the monitoring stations along the Norwegian coastline. Based on monitoring data shown herein, the importance of long-term biomonitoring and international chemical regulations, as well as the TBT and imposex story in general, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Schøyen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Norman W Green
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Ø Hjermann
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Tveiten
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Beylich
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigurd Øxnevad
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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46
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Scott AP. Is there any value in measuring vertebrate steroids in invertebrates? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 265:77-82. [PMID: 29625121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This brief review questions the belief that just because it is possible to measure vertebrate steroids (such as estradiol-17β, testosterone and progesterone) in the tissues of invertebrates, this necessarily means that they are endogenously derived or are hormones. There is a surprisingly large number of studies, mainly on mollusks, showing that they can readily absorb vertebrate steroids from the environment. They are also able to conjugate these steroids to fatty acids with great efficiency, and subsequently retain them for very long periods (with half-lives measured in weeks rather than days). This, plus the fact that key enzymes that are required for the biosynthesis of vertebrate steroids (e.g. aromatase) do not appear to be present in invertebrates, calls into doubt the claims in many studies on invertebrates that steroid concentrations are functionally linked to reproductive cycles or that invertebrates can be used as biomarker for vertebrate-type endocrine disrupters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK.
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47
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Smolarz K, Zabrzańska S, Konieczna L, Hallmann A. Changes in steroid profiles of the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus as a function of season, stage of gametogenesis, sex, tissue and mussel bed depth. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:231-239. [PMID: 29247680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes changes in the content of free steroid hormones e.g. testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2), estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) of Mytilus trossulus from the southern Baltic Sea as a function of season, stage of gametogenesis, sex, tissue (gonadal and somatic) and depth. The highest levels of T, E2, E1 and E3 were found in mussels sampled in spring and summer while the lowest levels were found in winter. This pattern was stable and was seen in both sexes and tissues in mussels from both mussel beds. The spring and summer peaks in steroid levels (SL) coincided with advanced levels of gametogenesis (the highest gonadal index, GI) of our model species. But, the lowest GI (autumn) and the lowest steroids content (winter) did not overlap. Instead, water temperature increase was followed by increase of SL and vice versa. This suggests that steroids may not be actively involved in the early stages of gamete development and does not preclude them from potentially being involved as endogenous modulators in the final stages of reproduction (e.g. spawning). Hence, observed fluctuations in SL in our model species are unlikely to be caused by reproductive cycle but are rather of unknown nature, likely linked with environmental conditions. Sex-related differences in steroid content included estrogen domination in females and androgen domination in males. A trend towards higher level of steroids in gills than in gonads was found, supporting the hypothesis about an exogenous origin of steroids in bivalves. However, based on the present results, we cannot exclude the possibility that these steroids have both an endogenous and exogenous origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sandra Zabrzańska
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lucyna Konieczna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Hallmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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48
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Schwarz TI, Katsiadaki I, Maskrey BH, Scott AP. Uptake and metabolism of water-borne progesterone by the mussel, Mytilus spp. (Mollusca). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:13-21. [PMID: 29107179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mussels can pick up 17β-estradiol [E2] and testosterone [T] from water, metabolize them and conjugate them to fatty acids (esterification), leading to their accumulation in tissue. A key requirement for the esterification process is that a steroid must have a 'reactive' hydroxyl group to conjugate to a fatty acid (which in T, and probably E2, is the β-hydroxyl group on carbon 17). Progesterone (P) lacks any hydroxyl groups and theoretically cannot be esterified and hence should not accumulate in mussels in the same way as E2 or T. However, it is already known that mussels have an enzyme that can achieve 5α-reduction of the A ring of T and P and that there is also another reductase that can transform the 3-oxo group of the 5α-reduced A ring of T into a hydroxyl group. We hypothesized that, although intact P cannot be directly esterified, it might nevertheless be transformed into metabolites that can. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the rate and capacity of uptake, metabolism and potential depuration of tritiated P by the common mussel, Mytilus spp. We found that tritiated P was taken up from water at a similar rate to E2 and T (mean clearance rate 49mL-1 animal-1h-1) and that, as found with the other steroids, the rate of uptake could not be saturated by the addition of non-radioactive steroid (even at 7.6μgL-1). We found that up to 66% of the radioactivity that was taken up was present in the ester fraction, suggesting that hydroxylation of the P must indeed have occurred. We then definitively identified two metabolites in the ester fraction: 5α-pregnane-3β,20β-diol and 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one. These same two steroids were also present in the free steroid fraction. Intact P was not detected in either of the fractions. When undergoing depuration (under semi-static conditions), the radioactivity in the ester fractions remained at the same concentration in the animals for at least 10 days. Our findings suggest that the lack of reactive hydroxyl groups on P does not preclude it from being taken up, metabolized and subsequently stored. Many questions remain, not least of which is why, when P seems to be so rapidly metabolized, two previous studies on mussels have reported concentrations of up to 30ngg-1 wet weight of P in their flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar I Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alexander P Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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49
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Lagadic L, Katsiadaki I, Biever R, Guiney PD, Karouna-Renier N, Schwarz T, Meador JP. Tributyltin: Advancing the Science on Assessing Endocrine Disruption with an Unconventional Endocrine-Disrupting Compound. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 245:65-127. [PMID: 29119384 DOI: 10.1007/398_2017_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been recognized as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) for several decades. However, only in the last decade, was its primary endocrine mechanism of action (MeOA) elucidated-interactions with the nuclear retinoid-X receptor (RXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and their heterodimers. This molecular initiating event (MIE) alters a range of reproductive, developmental, and metabolic pathways at the organism level. It is noteworthy that a variety of MeOAs have been proposed over the years for the observed endocrine-type effects of TBT; however, convincing data for the MIE was provided only recently and now several researchers have confirmed and refined the information on this MeOA. One of the most important lessons learned from years of research on TBT concerns apparent species sensitivity. Several aspects such as the rates of uptake and elimination, chemical potency, and metabolic capacity are all important for identifying the most sensitive species for a given chemical, including EDCs. For TBT, much of this was discovered by trial and error, hence important relationships and important sensitive taxa were not identified until several decades after its introduction to the environment. As recognized for many years, TBT-induced responses are known to occur at very low concentrations for molluscs, a fact that has more recently also been observed in fish species. This review explores the MeOA and effects of TBT in different species (aquatic molluscs and other invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals) according to the OECD Conceptual Framework for Endocrine Disruptor Testing and Assessment (CFEDTA). The information gathered on biological effects that are relevant for populations of aquatic animals was used to construct Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) based on No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations (LOECs). Fish appear at the lower end of these distributions, showing that they are as sensitive as molluscs, and for some species, even more sensitive. Concentrations in the range of 1 ng/L for water exposure (10 ng/g for whole-body burden) have been shown to elicit endocrine-type responses, whereas mortality occurs at water concentrations ten times higher. Current screening and assessment methodologies as compiled in the OECD CFEDTA are able to identify TBT as a potent endocrine disruptor with a high environmental risk for the original use pattern. If those approaches had been available when TBT was introduced to the market, it is likely that its use would have been regulated sooner, thus avoiding the detrimental effects on marine gastropod populations and communities as documented over several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lagadic
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, Monheim am Rhein, 40789, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ron Biever
- Smithers Viscient, 790 Main Street, Wareham, MA, 02571, USA
| | - Patrick D Guiney
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Natalie Karouna-Renier
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East Bldg 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - James P Meador
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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50
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Mezghani-Chaari S, Machreki-Ajimi M, Hamza-Chaffai A, Minier C. High estradiol exposure disrupts the reproductive cycle of the clam Ruditapes decussatus in a sex-specific way. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26670-26680. [PMID: 28956239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve species may be susceptible to environmental estrogenic compounds including estradiol (E2). However, they are able to biotransform the hormone quite readily and inactivate its estrogenic action. To study the long-term effects of elevated free E2 tissue levels, we transiently exceeded the biotransformation capacity of the clam Ruditapes decussatus by exposing them with high E2 concentrations (400 ng/L) and subsequently study the consequences on gametogenesis during the following reproductive cycle. Exposure to 400 ngE2/L led to a significant increase in tissue free E2 levels, which reached 10-50 ng E2Eq/gww. No deleterious effect on gonado-somatic index (GSI), condition index (CI), or ability to respond to the stress on stress test could be detected after a month of exposure, suggesting the absence of negative effects on the clam's health. However, a marked increase in gametogenesis could be observed in both sexes during the exposure. Subsequent transplantation of the clams in the field allowed the normal development of the male clams and maturation of the gonads without any detrimental effect observed after 4 months. In contrast, in early July, all female clams formerly exposed to E2 showed lower health status, and only ovaries with atretic oocytes while all control and indigenous females were normal and mature. These results show a sex-specific effect of high E2 exposure and suggest either a direct or indirect role for E2 in R. decussatus' reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawssan Mezghani-Chaari
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Normandie University, BP 540, 76058, Le Havre, France.
| | - Monia Machreki-Ajimi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Hamza-Chaffai
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Minier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Normandie University, BP 540, 76058, Le Havre, France
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