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Eleiwa TK, Khater AA, Elhusseiny AM. Topical insulin in neurotrophic keratopathy after diabetic vitrectomy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10986. [PMID: 38744994 PMCID: PMC11094097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the efficacy and safety of topical insulin (TI) for treating neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) within one-month post-diabetic vitrectomy (DV) compared to conventional non-invasive measures, we conducted this retrospective case-control study including all eyes that developed acute NK (stages 2 and 3) following DV between October 2020 and June 2023. The control group included NK cases managed with preservative-free lubricant eye drops and prophylactic topical antibiotics. In contrast, the study group included NK cases treated with TI [1 unit per drop] four times daily, in addition to the previously mentioned treatment. The primary outcome measure was time to epithelial healing. Secondary outcome measures included any adverse effect of TI or the need for amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT). During the study period, 19 patients with a mean age of 49.3 ± 8.6 years received TI versus 18 controls with a mean age of 52.5 ± 10.7 years. Corneal epithelial healing was significantly faster in the TI-treated group compared to controls, with a mean difference of 12.16 days (95% CI 6.1-18.3, P = 0.001). Survival analysis indicated that the insulin-treated group had 0% and 20% of NK stages 2 and 3, respectively, that failed to achieve corneal epithelial healing, compared to 20% and 66.7% for the control group (P < 0.001). In the control group, two eyes required AMT due to progressive thinning. Additionally, three patients in the control group, progressing to stage 3 NK, were switched to TI, achieving healing after a mean of 14 days. No adverse effects were reported in the TI-treated group. Our study suggests that TI can effectively and safely promote the healing of NK after DV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher K Eleiwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Khater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr. Al-Ainy Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Krolo I, Behaegel J, Termote K, de Bruyn B, De Schepper M, Oellerich S, Ní Dhubhghaill S. The role of topical insulin in ocular surface restoration: A review. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00031-6. [PMID: 38609022 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Corneal epithelial defects are one of the most common ocular disorders. Restoring corneal integrity is crucial to reduce pain and regain function, but in cases of neurotrophic or desensitized corneas, healing can be significantly delayed. Treating neurotrophic corneas is challenging for ophthalmologists, and surgical intervention is often indicated to manage refractory cases that are unresponsive to medical therapy. Over the last decade, as more expensive therapeutics reach the market, topical insulin has returned to the forefront as an affordable option to improve corneal wound healing. There is still a paucity of data on the use and the efficacy of topical insulin, with no consensus regarding its indications, preparation, or posology. Here we review the literature on topical insulin for corneal and ocular surface pathologies, with a focus on the current evidence, its mechanisms of action, and its safety profile. Additionally, we share our experience in the field and provide a potential framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Krolo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Oftalmología Médica y Quirúrgica (OMIQ) Research, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joséphine Behaegel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien Termote
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Ophthalmology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Barbara de Bruyn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manon De Schepper
- Department of Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silke Oellerich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Chen S, Li Y, Song W, Cheng Y, Gao Y, Xie L, Huang M, Yan X. Insulin eye drops improve corneal wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic mice by regulating corneal inflammation and neuropeptide release. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:155. [PMID: 38594682 PMCID: PMC11003036 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, insulin eye drops have attracted increasing attention from researchers and ophthalmologists. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of action of insulin eye drops in diabetic mice with corneal wounds. METHODS A type 1 diabetes model was induced, and a corneal epithelial injury model of 2.5 mm was established. We used corneal fluorescein staining, hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining and the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer to examine the process of wound healing. Subsequently, the expression levels of Ki-67, IL-1β, β3-tubulin and neuropeptides, including substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), were examined at 72 h after corneal injury. RESULTS Fluorescein staining demonstrated an acceleration of the recovery of corneal epithelial injury in diabetic mice compared with the saline treatment, which was further evidenced by the overexpression of Ki-67. Moreover, 72 h of insulin application attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration. Remarkably, the results demonstrated that topical insulin treatment enhanced the density of corneal epithelial nerves, as well as neuropeptide SP and CGRP release, in the healing cornea via immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that insulin eye drops may accelerate corneal wound healing and decrease inflammatory responses in diabetic mice by promoting nerve regeneration and increasing levels of neuropeptides SP and CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Avenue, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Yingsi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Avenue, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Avenue, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Avenue, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Avenue, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Luoying Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Avenue, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Meiting Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Avenue, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Avenue, 100034, Beijing, China.
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Tang J, Lin Z, Liu X, Li B, Wu X, Lv J, Qi X, Lin S, Dai C, Li T. Analyzing the changing trend of corneal biomechanical properties under different influencing factors in T2DM patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8160. [PMID: 38589521 PMCID: PMC11001873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the changing trend of CH and CRF values under different influencing factors in T2DM patients. A total of 650 patients with T2DM were included. We discovered that the course of T2DM, smoking history, BMI, and FBG, DR, HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were common risk factors for T2DM, while HDL-C levels were a protective factor. Analyzing the CH and CRF values according to the course of diabetes, we discovered that as T2DM continued to persist, the values of CH and CRF gradually decreased. Moreover, with the increase in FBG levels and the accumulation of HbA1c, the values of CH and CRF gradually decreased. In addition, in patients with HbA1c (%) > 12, the values of CH and CRF decreased the most, falling by 1.85 ± 0.33 mmHg and 1.28 ± 0.69 mmHg, respectively. Compared with the non-DR group, the CH and CRF values gradually decreased in the mild-NPDR, moderate-NPDR, severe-NPDR and PDR groups, with the lowest CH and CRF values in the PDR group. In patients with T2DM, early measurement of corneal biomechanical properties to evaluate the change trend of CH and CRF values in different situations will help to identify and prevent diabetic keratopathy in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwu Lin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingde Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Qi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanqiang Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ziyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China.
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Hu Y, Hu L, Zhang L, Chen J, Xiao H, Yu B, Pi Y. Novel electro-spun fabrication of blended polymeric nanofibrous wound closure materials loaded with catechin to improve wound healing potential and microbial inhibition for the care of diabetic wound. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26940. [PMID: 38509943 PMCID: PMC10950831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wound infections caused by the multiplication of infectious pathogens and their antibiotic resistance. Wound infection evident by bacterial colonization and other factors, such as the virulence and host immune factors. In this context, we need discover appropriate treatment and effective antibiotics for wound infection control. Considering this, we synthesized catechin-loaded polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan (PVA/CS) based nanofiber for multifunctional wound healing. The physicochemical and biological properties of fabricated nanofiber, were systematically evaluated by various spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The CA@PVA/CS nanofiber exhibited a high level of antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The nanofibers showed effective control in gram-positive and negative wound infectious bacterial multiplication at the lowest concentration. Based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability study CA@PVA/CS nanofiber shows excellent biocompatibility against L929 cells. In wound, scratch assay results revealed that the CA@PVA/CS treated group shows enhanced cell migration and cell proliferation within 48 h. The synthesis of antioxidant, antibacterial, and biocompatible nanofiber exposes their potential for effective wound healing. Current research hypothesized catechin loaded PVA/CS nanofiber could be a multifunctional and low-cost material for diabetic wound care application. Fabricated nanofiber would be improved skin tissue regeneration and public health hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Huiyu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yinzhen Pi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha 410000, China
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Cui Y, Wang L, Liang W, Huang L, Zhuang S, Shi H, Xu N, Hu J. Identification and Validation of the Pyroptosis-Related Hub Gene Signature and the Associated Regulation Axis in Diabetic Keratopathy. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:2920694. [PMID: 38529047 PMCID: PMC10963115 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2920694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic keratopathy (DK) poses a significant challenge in diabetes mellitus, yet its molecular pathways and effective treatments remain elusive. The aim of our research was to explore the pyroptosis-related genes in the corneal epithelium of the streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods After sixteen weeks of streptozocin intraperitoneal injection, corneal epithelium from three diabetic rats and three normal groups underwent whole-transcriptome sequencing. An integrated bioinformatics pipeline, including differentially expressed gene (DEG) identification, enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, coexpression, drug prediction, and immune deconvolution analyses, identified hub genes and key drivers in DK pathogenesis. These hub genes were subsequently validated in vivo through RT-qPCR. Results A total of 459 DEGs were screened out from the diabetic group and nondiabetic controls. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis highlighted significant enrichment of the NOD-like receptor, Toll-like receptor, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Intersection of DEGs and pyroptosis-related datasets showed 33 differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes (DEPRGs) associated with pathways such as IL-17, NOD-like receptor, TNF, and Toll-like receptor signaling. A competing endogenous RNA network comprising 16 DEPRGs, 22 lncRNAs, 13 miRNAs, and 3 circRNAs was constructed. After PPI network, five hub genes (Nfkb1, Casp8, Traf6, Ptgs2, and Il18) were identified as upregulated in the diabetic group, and their expression was validated by RT-qPCR in streptozocin-induced rats. Immune infiltration characterization showed that diabetic corneas owned a higher proportion of resting mast cells, activated NK cells, and memory-resting CD4 T cells. Finally, several small compounds including all-trans-retinoic acid, Chaihu Shugan San, dexamethasone, and resveratrol were suggested as potential therapies targeting these hub genes for DK. Conclusions The identified and validated hub genes, Nfkb1, Casp8, Traf6, Ptgs2, and Il18, may play crucial roles in DK pathogenesis and serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wentao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuting Zhuang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Shi
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianzhang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Surico PL, Narimatsu A, Forouzanfar K, Singh RB, Shoushtari S, Dana R, Blanco T. Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on Corneal Immune Cell Activation and the Development of Keratopathy. Cells 2024; 13:532. [PMID: 38534376 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases globally, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Most patients with a long-term history of DM present with some degree of keratopathy (DK). Despite its high incidence, the underlying inflammatory mechanism of DK has not been elucidated yet. For further insights into the underlying immunopathologic processes, we utilized streptozotocin-induced mice to model type 1 DM (T1D) and B6.Cg-Lepob/J mice to model type 2 DM (T2D). We evaluated the animals for the development of clinical manifestations of DK. Four weeks post-induction, the total frequencies of corneal CD45+CD11b+Ly-6G- myeloid cells, with enhanced gene and protein expression levels for the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, were higher in both T1D and T2D animals. Additionally, the frequencies of myeloid cells/mm2 in the sub-basal neural plexus (SBNP) were significantly higher in T1D and T2D compared to non-diabetic mice. DK clinical manifestations were observed four weeks post-induction, including significantly lower tear production, corneal sensitivity, and epitheliopathy. Nerve density in the SBNP and intraepithelial terminal endings per 40x field were lower in both models compared to the normal controls. The findings of this study indicate that DM alters the immune quiescent state of the cornea during disease onset, which may be associated with the progressive development of the clinical manifestations of DK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Surico
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Akitomo Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Katayoon Forouzanfar
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara Shoushtari
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, Transplantation and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Chandran C, Santra M, Rubin E, Geary ML, Yam GHF. Regenerative Therapy for Corneal Scarring Disorders. Biomedicines 2024; 12:649. [PMID: 38540264 PMCID: PMC10967722 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a transparent and vitally multifaceted component of the eye, playing a pivotal role in vision and ocular health. It has primary refractive and protective functions. Typical corneal dysfunctions include opacities and deformities that result from injuries, infections, or other medical conditions. These can significantly impair vision. The conventional challenges in managing corneal ailments include the limited regenerative capacity (except corneal epithelium), immune response after donor tissue transplantation, a risk of long-term graft rejection, and the global shortage of transplantable donor materials. This review delves into the intricate composition of the cornea, the landscape of corneal regeneration, and the multifaceted repercussions of scar-related pathologies. It will elucidate the etiology and types of dysfunctions, assess current treatments and their limitations, and explore the potential of regenerative therapy that has emerged in both in vivo and clinical trials. This review will shed light on existing gaps in corneal disorder management and discuss the feasibility and challenges of advancing regenerative therapies for corneal stromal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chandran
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Mercy Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (C.C.); (M.S.); (E.R.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Mithun Santra
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Mercy Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (C.C.); (M.S.); (E.R.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Rubin
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Mercy Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (C.C.); (M.S.); (E.R.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Moira L. Geary
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Mercy Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (C.C.); (M.S.); (E.R.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Mercy Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (C.C.); (M.S.); (E.R.); (M.L.G.)
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Wan MM, Fu ZY, Jin T, Wang ZY, Sun XY, Gao WP. Electroacupuncture regulates the P2X 7R-NLRP3 inflammatory cascade to relieve decreased sensation on ocular surface of type 2 diabetic rats with dry eye. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09991-0. [PMID: 38467962 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye (DE) is a prevalent ocular surface disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, current medications are ineffective against decreased sensation on the ocular surface. While electroacupuncture (EA) effectively alleviates decreased sensation on ocular surface of DE in patients with T2DM, the neuroprotective mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of T2DM-associated DE through bioinformatics analysis. It further investigated the underlying mechanism by which EA improves decreased sensation on the ocular surface of DE in rats with T2DM. Bioinformatic analysis was applied to annotate the potential pathogenesis of T2DM DE. T2DM and DE was induced in male rats. Following treatment with EA and fluorometholone, comprehensive metrics were assessed. Additionally, the expression patterns of key markers were studied. Key targets such as NLRP3, Caspase-1, and NOD-like receptor signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM DE. EA treatment improved ocular measures. Furthermore, EA potently downregulated P2X7R, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and Caspase-1 expression within the trigeminal ganglion and spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Targeted P2X7R antagonist (A-438079) and agonist (BzATP) employed as controls to decipher the biochemistry of the therapeutic effects of EA showed an anti-inflammatory effect with A-438079, while BzATP blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. EA relieved DE symptoms and attenuated inflammatory damage to sensory nerve pathways in T2DM rats with DE. These findings suggest a crucial role of EA inhibition of the P2X7R-NLRP3 inflammatory cascade to provide these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Mi Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang-Yitian Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuo Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Qin S, Ma L, Ferreira F, Brown C, Navedo MF, Reid B, Zhao M. Diabetic Ocular Surface Has Defects in Oxygen Uptake Revealed by Optic Fiber Microsensor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:27. [PMID: 38506851 PMCID: PMC10959196 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus causes diabetic keratopathy (DK). This and other ocular surface disorders are underdiagnosed and problematic for affected patients as well as recipients of diabetic donor corneas. Thus, it is important to find noninvasive means to facilitate determination of the potentially vision-threatening DK. It has been reported that diabetic corneas uptake significantly less oxygen (O2) than healthy controls. However, an integral assessment of the ocular surface is missing. Methods Using an optic-fiber O2 micro-sensor (optrode) we demonstrated recently that the healthy ocular surface displays a unique spatiotemporal map of O2 consumption. We hypothesize that diabetes impairs the spatiotemporal profile of O2 uptake at the ocular surface. Results Using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, we found diminished O2 uptake and loss of the unique pattern across the ocular surface. A diabetic cornea consumes significantly less O2 at the bulbar conjunctiva and limbus, but not the central and peripheral cornea, compared to controls. Further, we show that, contrary to the healthy cornea, the diabetic cornea does not increase the O2 consumption at the limbus in the evening as the normal control. Conclusions Altogether, our measurements reveal a previously unknown impairment in O2 uptake at the diabetic cornea, making it a potential tool to diagnose ocular surface abnormalities and suggesting a new etiology mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Chelsea Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
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11
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Gao N, Yu FS. Lack of Elevated Expression of TGFβ3 Contributes to the Delay of Epithelial Wound Healing in Diabetic Corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:35. [PMID: 38546583 PMCID: PMC10981440 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the mechanisms underlying the differential roles of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 in accelerating corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH) in diabetic (DM) corneas, with normoglycemia (NL) corneas as the control. Methods Two types of diabetic mice, human corneal organ cultures, mouse corneal epithelial progenitor cell lines, and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were employed to assess the effects of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 on CEWH, utilizing quantitative PCR, western blotting, ELISA, and whole-mount confocal microscopy. Results Epithelial debridement led to an increased expression of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 in cultured human NL corneas, but only TGFβ1 in DM corneas. TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 inhibition was significantly impeded, but exogenous TGFβ1 and, more potently, TGFβ3 promoted CEWH in cultured TKE2 cells and in NL and DM C57BL6 mouse corneas. Wounding induced similar levels of p-SMAD2/SMAD3 in NL and DM corneas but weaker ERK1/2, Akt, and EGFR phosphorylation in DM corneas compared to NL corneas. Whereas TGFβ1 augmented SMAD2/SMAD3 phosphorylation, TGFβ3 preferentially activated ERK, PI3K, and EGFR in healing DM corneas. Furthermore, TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 differentially regulated the expression of S100a9, PAI-1, uPA/tPA, and CCL3 in healing NL and DM corneas. Finally, TGFβ1 induced the expression of M1 macrophage markers iNOS, CD86, and CTGF, whereas TGFβ3 promoted the expression of M2 markers CD206 and NGF in BMDMs from db/db or db/+ mice. Conclusions Hyperglycemia disrupts the balanced expression of TGFβ3/TGFβ1, resulting in delayed CEWH, including impaired sensory nerve regeneration in the cornea. Supplementing TGFβ3 in DM wounds may hold therapeutic potential for accelerating delayed wound healing in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Fu-Shin Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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12
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Sharma P, Ma JX, Karamichos D. Effects of hypoxia in the diabetic corneal stroma microenvironment. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109790. [PMID: 38224848 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Corneal dysfunctions associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), termed diabetic keratopathy (DK), can cause impaired vision and/or blindness. Hypoxia affects both Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM) surprisingly, the role of hypoxia in DK is unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of hypoxia in vitro on primary human corneal stromal cells derived from Healthy (HCFs), and diabetic (T1DMs and T2DMs) subjects, by exposing them to normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (2% O2) conditions through 2D and 3D in vitro models. Our data revealed that hypoxia affected T2DMs by slowing their wound healing capacity, leading to significant alterations in oxidative stress-related markers, mitochondrial health, cellular homeostasis, and endoplasmic reticulum health (ER) along with fibrotic development. In T1DMs, hypoxia significantly modulated markers related to membrane permeabilization, oxidative stress via apoptotic marker (BAX), and protein degradation. Hypoxic environment induced oxidative stress (NOQ1 mediated reduction of superoxide in T1DMs and Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress in T2DMs), modulation in mitochondrial health (Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), and dysregulation of cellular homeostasis (HSP90) in both T1DMs and T2DMs. This data underscores the significant impact of hypoxia on the diabetic cornea. Further studies are warranted to delineate the complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Sharma
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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13
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Wang J, Duan X, Zhong D, Zhang M, Li J, Hu Z, Han F. Pharmaceutical applications of chitosan in skin regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129064. [PMID: 38161006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin regeneration is the process that restores damaged tissues. When the body experiences trauma or surgical incisions, the skin and tissues on the wound surface become damaged. The body repairs this damage through complex physiological processes to restore the original structural and functional states of the affected tissues. Chitosan, a degradable natural bioactive polysaccharide, has attracted widespread attention partly owing to its excellent biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties; additionally, a modified form of this compound has been shown to promote skin regeneration. This review evaluates the recent research progress in the application of chitosan to promote skin regeneration. First, we discuss the basic principles of the extraction and preparation processes of chitosan from its source. Subsequently, we describe the functional properties of chitosan and the optimization of these properties through modification. We then focus on the existing chitosan-based biomaterials developed for clinical applications and their corresponding effects on skin regeneration, particularly in cases of diabetic and burn wounds. Finally, we explore the challenges and prospects associated with the use of chitosan in skin regeneration. Overall, this review provides a reference for related research and contributes to the further development of chitosan-based products in cutaneous skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xunxin Duan
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Donghuo Zhong
- Medical college of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Han
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China.
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14
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Buonfiglio F, Wasielica-Poslednik J, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Diabetic Keratopathy: Redox Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:120. [PMID: 38247544 PMCID: PMC10812573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, the most prevalent endocrine disorder, not only impacts the retina but also significantly involves the ocular surface. Diabetes contributes to the development of dry eye disease and induces morphological and functional corneal alterations, particularly affecting nerves and epithelial cells. These changes manifest as epithelial defects, reduced sensitivity, and delayed wound healing, collectively encapsulated in the context of diabetic keratopathy. In advanced stages of this condition, the progression to corneal ulcers and scarring further unfolds, eventually leading to corneal opacities. This critical complication hampers vision and carries the potential for irreversible visual loss. The primary objective of this review article is to offer a comprehensive overview of the pathomechanisms underlying diabetic keratopathy. Emphasis is placed on exploring the redox molecular pathways responsible for the aberrant structural changes observed in the cornea and tear film during diabetes. Additionally, we provide insights into the latest experimental findings concerning potential treatments targeting oxidative stress. This endeavor aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate interplay between diabetes and ocular complications, offering valuable perspectives for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.W.-P.); (N.P.)
| | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.W.-P.); (N.P.)
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15
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Wei S, Liao D, Hu J. Inhibition of miR-144-3p/FOXO1 Attenuates Diabetic Keratopathy Via Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38165707 PMCID: PMC10768711 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic keratopathy (DK) is a vision-threatening disease that occurs in people with diabetes. Mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are indispensable in nerve regeneration within DK. Herein, the role of miRNAs associated with DK, especially focusing on autophagy and apoptosis regulation, was investigated. Methods To identify differentially expressed miRNAs, we performed miRNA sequencing on trigeminal ganglion (TG) tissues derived from streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) and normal mice. MiR-144-3p was chosen for the subsequent experiments. To explore the regulatory role of miR-144-3p in DK, miRNA antagomir was utilized to inhibit miR-144-3p expression. Bioinformatic tools were used to predict the target genes of miR-144-3p, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay was then applied for validation. Autophagy and apoptosis activities were measured utilizing TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. Results Overall, 56 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected in diabetic versus control mice. In the diabetic mouse TG tissue, miR-144-3p expression was aberrantly enhanced, whereas decreasing its expression contributed to improved diabetic corneal re-epithelialization and nerve regeneration. Fork-head Box O1 (FOXO1) was validated as a target gene of miR-144-3p. Overexpression of FOXO1 could prevent both inadequate autophagy and excessive apoptosis in DK. Consistently, a specific miR-144-3p inhibition enhanced autophagy and prevented apoptosis in DK. Conclusions In this study, our research confirmed the target binding relationship between miR-144-3p and FOXO1. Inhibiting miR-144-3p might modulate autophagy and apoptosis, which could generate positive outcomes for corneal nerves via targeting FOXO1 in DK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Danling Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianzhang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Maugeri G, D'Amico AG, Magrì B, Giunta S, Saccone S, Federico C, Bucolo C, Musumeci G, D'Agata V. Protective effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in diabetic keratopathy. Peptides 2023; 170:171107. [PMID: 37775045 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic keratopathy (DK) is the major complication of the cornea characterizing diabetes-affected patients. This ocular pathology is correlated with the hyperglycemic state leading to delayed corneal wound healing and recurrent corneal ulcers. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with widespread distribution throughout the body, and exerting cytoprotective effects in the neural and non-neuronal parts of the eye, including the cornea. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether changes in PACAP expression can concur for delayed epithelial wound healing in diabetic cornea and whether the protective effect of the peptide could be mediated through the activation of the EGFR signaling pathway, which has been reported to be impaired in DK. Expression and distribution of PACAP, PAC1R, and EGFR were investigated through immunohistochemistry analysis in the cornea of normal and diabetic rats. The role of the peptide on wound healing during DK was evaluated in an in vitro model represented by rabbit corneal epithelial cells grown in high glucose conditions. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were used to examine the ability of PACAP to induce the activation of the EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our results showed that in diabetic cornea the expression of PACAP, PAC1R, and EGFR is drastically reduced. The treatment with PACAP via PAC1R activation enhanced cell viability and corneal epithelium wound healing in cells grown under high glucose conditions. Furthermore, both EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling was induced upon the peptide treatment. Overall, our results showed the trophic efficiency of PACAP for enhancing the corneal epithelium re-epithelialization suggesting that the peptide could be beneficially valuable as a treatment for DK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maugeri
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Grazia D'Amico
- Section of System Biology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Benedetta Magrì
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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17
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Böhm EW, Buonfiglio F, Voigt AM, Bachmann P, Safi T, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102967. [PMID: 38006824 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of cells. The eye is particularly exposed to oxidative stress because of its permanent exposure to light and due to several structures having high metabolic activities. The anterior part of the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and possesses a complex antioxidant defense system to protect the retina from UV radiation. The posterior part of the eye exhibits high metabolic rates and oxygen consumption leading subsequently to a high production rate of ROS. Furthermore, inflammation, aging, genetic factors, and environmental pollution, are all elements promoting ROS generation and impairing antioxidant defense mechanisms and thereby representing risk factors leading to oxidative stress. An abnormal redox status was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases to provide an updated understanding on the pathogenesis of common diseases affecting the ocular surface, the lens, the retina, and the optic nerve. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative stress in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tarek Safi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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18
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Loiseau A, Raîche-Marcoux G, Maranda C, Bertrand N, Boisselier E. Animal Models in Eye Research: Focus on Corneal Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16661. [PMID: 38068983 PMCID: PMC10706114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is a complex sensory organ that enables visual perception of the world. The dysfunction of any of these tissues can impair vision. Conduction studies on laboratory animals are essential to ensure the safety of therapeutic products directly applied or injected into the eye to treat ocular diseases before eventually proceeding to clinical trials. Among these tissues, the cornea has unique homeostatic and regenerative mechanisms for maintaining transparency and refraction of external light, which are essential for vision. However, being the outermost tissue of the eye and directly exposed to the external environment, the cornea is particularly susceptible to injury and diseases. This review highlights the evidence for selecting appropriate animals to better understand and treat corneal diseases, which rank as the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. The development of reliable and human-relevant animal models is, therefore, a valuable research tool for understanding and translating fundamental mechanistic findings, as well as for assessing therapeutic potential in humans. First, this review emphasizes the unique characteristics of animal models used in ocular research. Subsequently, it discusses current animal models associated with human corneal pathologies, their utility in understanding ocular disease mechanisms, and their role as translational models for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Loiseau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Gabrielle Raîche-Marcoux
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cloé Maranda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Elodie Boisselier
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
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Mishra S, Manzanares MA, Prater J, Culp D, Gold LI. Calreticulin accelerates corneal wound closure and mitigates fibrosis: Potential therapeutic applications. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 28:e18027. [PMID: 37985392 PMCID: PMC10902309 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes involved in regeneration of cutaneous compared to corneal tissues involve different intrinsic mechanisms. Importantly, cutaneous wounds involve healing by angiogenesis but vascularization of the cornea obscures vision. Previous studies showed that topically applied calreticulin (CALR) healed full-thickness excisional animal wounds by a tissue regenerative process markedly enhancing repair without evoking angiogenesis. In the current study, the application of CALR in a rabbit corneal injury model: (1) accelerated full wound closure by 3 days (2) accelerated delayed healing caused by corticosteroids, routinely used to prevent post-injury inflammation, by 6 days and (3) healed wounds without vascularization or fibrosis/hazing. In vitro, CALR stimulated proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells (CE) and corneal stromal cells (keratocytes) by 1.5-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively and induced migration of CE cells and keratocytes, by 72% and 85% compared to controls of 44% and 59%, respectively. As a marker of decreased fibrosis, CALR treated corneal wounds showed decreased immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by keratocytes and following CALR treatment in vitro, decreased the levels of TGF-β2 in human CE cells and α-SMA in keratocytes. CALR has the potential to be a novel therapeutic both, to accelerate corneal healing from various injuries and in conjunction with corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Precision MedicineNew York University School of Medicine Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Miguel A. Manzanares
- Department of Medicine, Division of Precision MedicineNew York University School of Medicine Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Justin Prater
- Powered Research, Research Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaNew YorkUSA
| | - David Culp
- Powered Research, Research Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaNew YorkUSA
| | - Leslie I. Gold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Precision MedicineNew York University School of Medicine Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of Medicine Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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20
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Weng J, Ross C, Baker J, Alfuraih S, Shamloo K, Sharma A. Diabetes-Associated Hyperglycemia Causes Rapid-Onset Ocular Surface Damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:11. [PMID: 37938936 PMCID: PMC10637200 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The metabolic alterations due to chronic hyperglycemia are well-known to cause diabetes-associated complications. Short-term hyperglycemia has also been shown to cause many acute changes, including hemodynamic alterations and osmotic, oxidative, and inflammatory stress. The present study was designed to investigate whether diabetes-associated hyperglycemia can cause rapid-onset detrimental effects on the tear film, goblet cells, and glycocalyx and can lead to activation of an inflammatory cascade or cellular stress response in the cornea. Methods Mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were used. Tear film volume, goblet cell number, and corneal glycocalyx area were measured on days 7, 14, and 28 after the onset of hyperglycemia. Transcriptome analysis was performed to quantify changes in 248 transcripts of genes involved in inflammatory, apoptotic, and stress response pathways. Results Our data demonstrate that type 1 and type 2 diabetes-associated hyperglycemia caused a significant decrease in the tear film volume, goblet cell number, and corneal glycocalyx area. The decrease in tear film and goblet cell number was noted as early as 7 days after onset of hyperglycemia. The severity of ocular surface injury was significantly more in type 1 compared to type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus also caused an increase in transcripts of genes involved in the inflammatory, apoptotic, and cellular stress response pathways. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that diabetes-associated hyperglycemia causes rapid-onset damage to the ocular surface. Thus, short-term hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus may also play an important role in causing ocular surface injury and dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Weng
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Christopher Ross
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Jacob Baker
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Saleh Alfuraih
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Kiumars Shamloo
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, United States
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21
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Nureen L, Di Girolamo N. Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells in the Diabetic Cornea. Cells 2023; 12:2458. [PMID: 37887302 PMCID: PMC10605319 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous replenishment of the corneal epithelium is pivotal for maintaining optical transparency and achieving optimal visual perception. This dynamic process is driven by limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) located at the junction between the cornea and conjunctiva, which is otherwise known as the limbus. In patients afflicted with diabetes, hyperglycemia-induced impairments in corneal epithelial regeneration results in persistent epithelial and other defects on the ocular surface, termed diabetic keratopathy (DK), which progressively diminish vision and quality of life. Reports of delayed corneal wound healing and the reduced expression of putative stem cell markers in diabetic relative to healthy eyes suggest that the pathogenesis of DK may be associated with the abnormal activity of LESCs. However, the precise role of these cells in diabetic corneal disease is poorly understood and yet to be comprehensively explored. Herein, we review existing literature highlighting aberrant LESC activity in diabetes, focusing on factors that influence their form and function, and emerging therapies to correct these defects. The consequences of malfunctioning or depleted LESC stocks in DK and limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) are also discussed. These insights could be exploited to identify novel targets for improving the management of ocular surface complications that manifest in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick Di Girolamo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
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Alhalwani AY, Abudawood K, Qadizadah ABEA, Jambi S, Sannan NS. Immunoglobulin A levels and its correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as inflammatory biomarkers for dry eye disease in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184862. [PMID: 37520541 PMCID: PMC10375287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) level are commonly used as biomarkers for inflammation. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may experience an imbalance of tear film and inflammation, which can result in dry eye disease (DED). This study aimed to assess the levels of IgA and explore its correlation with the NLR as potential inflammatory biomarkers for dry eye disease in patients with T2D. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at the cornea clinic and diabetes centre of King Abdulaziz Medical City (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). The study included patients with DED and the number of available T2D-DED patients determined the sample size. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, IgA and CRP (C-reactive protein) laboratory values were obtained from medical records and correlational analyses were performed. Results The study included 85 patients with an average age of 54 ± 14.4 years for the DED group (n=32) and 62 ± 13.9 years for the T2D-DED group (n=53). The age difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p 0.0001). The NLR values of the T2D-DED and DED groups were 3.203 ± 0.66 and 2.406 ± 0.46, respectively, with no significant difference (p<0.285). Similarly, there were no significant differences in neutrophil and lymphocyte values between the two groups. The IgA levels showed no significant variation between T2D-DED and DED groups (p<0.364). Spearman's correlation analysis in the DED group showed a significant negative correlation between IgA and lymphocyte (p=0.011; r= - 0.471) values and significant positive correlations between IgA and neutrophil (p=0.014; r=0.309) and NLR (p=0.052; r= - 0.283) values. In the T2D-DED group, a significant correlation was found between IgA and CRP values (p=0.032; r=0.33). Conclusion Although diabetic patients may exhibit higher levels of NLR and IgA that correlate with disease severity, our study did not find significant differences in NLR and IgA values between the two groups. These findings may guide future research and enhance understanding of the disease's underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Y. Alhalwani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Abudawood
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shatha Jambi
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif S. Sannan
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Li X, Su X, Xia F, Qiu J, Zhang J, Wu H, Xie X, Xu M. Bibliometric and visual analysis of diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis from 2011 to 2022. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:235. [PMID: 37443131 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To visualize and analyze the published literature on diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis based on a bibliometric approach, so as to provide a comprehensive picture of the hot research directions and dynamic progress in this field. METHODS This study was based on the web of science core collection database to conduct a comprehensive search of the published literature in the field of diabetes mellitus and Pyroptosis from January 1985 to August 2022, including the published research literature in this field, as well as a visual analysis of the number of citations, year of publication, journal, author, research institution, country, and research topic. RESULTS A total of 139 literature on research related to diabetes mellitus and cellular scorch from 2011 to 2022 were retrieved, with a total of 3009 citations and a maximum of 255 citations for a single article, which had a first author Schmid-Burgk, JL The first author of this article is from Germany; among 20 publishing countries, China leads with 100 articles; among 222 publishing institutions, Harbin Medical University leads with 18 articles and 184 citations; among 980 authors, Chen, X from China tops the list of high-impact authors with 5 articles and 29 citations. Among the 98 journals, "CELL DEATH DISEASE" ranked first in both volume and high-impact journals with 4 articles and 29 citations. Among 349 keywords, "pyroptosis" ranked first with a cumulative frequency of 65 times. The cluster analysis was divided into three categories, chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis (67 articles), diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis (60 articles), and diabetes mellitus combined with other diseases and pyroptosis (12 articles), and the number of articles related to diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications increased rapidly from 2019, among which, diabetic cardiomyopathy (27 articles) had the highest number of articles. CONCLUSIONS Based on a comprehensive analysis of published literature in the field of diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis from 2011 to 2022, this study achieved a visual analysis of studies with significant and outstanding contributions to the field, thus framing a picture showing the development and changes in the field. At the same time, this study provides research information and direction for clinicians and investigators to conduct diabetes mellitus and pyroptosis-related research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550000, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Fenglin Xia
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Meishan, Meishan, 620010, China.
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24
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Lu X, Chen Z, Lu J, Watsky M. Effects of Topical 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Diabetic, Vitamin D Deficient and Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mouse Corneal Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1065. [PMID: 37509101 PMCID: PMC10377579 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed or prolonged corneal wound healing and non-healing corneas put patients at risk for ocular surface infections and subsequent stromal opacification, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. It is important to enhance corneal wound healing efficiency and quality. Vitamin D (Vit D) is both a hormone and a vitamin, and its insufficiency has been linked to immune disorders and diabetes. For this study, wound healing and recruitment of CD45+ cells into the wound area of normoglycemic and diabetic mice were examined following corneal epithelial debridement and treatment with 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D). Treatment with topical 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) resulted in significantly increased corneal wound healing rates of normoglycemic, diabetic and diabetic Vit D deficient mice. Furthermore, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D) significantly increased corneal wound healing of diabetic Vit D deficient and Vit D receptor knockout (VDR KO) mice. In addition, CD45+ cell numbers were reduced in diabetic and VDR KO mouse corneas compared to normoglycemic mice, and 24,25 Vit D increased the recruitment of CD45+ cells to diabetic mouse corneas after epithelial debridement. CD45+ cells were found to infiltrate into the corneal basal epithelial layer after corneal epithelial debridement. Our data indicate that topical Vit D promotes corneal wound healing and further supports previous work that the Vit D corneal wound healing effect is not totally VDR-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitchell Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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25
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Simó R, Hernández C. Fenofibrate for Treating Diabetic Eye Disease. Diabetes 2023; 72:838-840. [PMID: 37339356 DOI: 10.2337/dbi22-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Leong CY, Naffi AA, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Bastion MLC. Usage of topical insulin for the treatment of diabetic keratopathy, including corneal epithelial defects. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:930-938. [PMID: 37383598 PMCID: PMC10294054 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic keratopathy (DK) occurs in 46%-64% of patients with diabetes and requires serious attention. In patients with diabetes, the healing of corneal epithelial defects or ulcers takes longer than in patients without diabetes. Insulin is an effective factor in wound healing. The ability of systemic insulin to rapidly heal burn wounds has been reported for nearly a century, but only a few studies have been performed on the effects of topical insulin (TI) on the eye. Treatment with TI is effective in treating DK.
AIM To review clinical and experimental animal studies providing evidence for the efficacy of TI to heal corneal wounds.
METHODS National and international databases, including PubMed and Scopus, were searched using relevant keywords, and additional manual searches were conducted to assess the effectiveness of TI application on corneal wound healing. Journal articles published from January 1, 2000 to December 1, 2022 were examined. The relevancy of the identified citations was checked against predetermined eligibility standards, and relevant articles were extracted and reviewed.
RESULTS A total of eight articles were found relevant to be discussed in this review, including four animal studies and four clinical studies. According to the studies conducted, TI is effective for corneal re-epithelialization in patients with diabetes based on corneal wound size and healing rate.
CONCLUSION Available animal and clinical studies have shown that TI promotes corneal wound healing by several mechanisms. The use of TI was not associated with adverse effects in any of the published cases. Further studies are needed to enhance our knowledge and understanding of TI in the healing of DK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yee Leong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Ainal Adlin Naffi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Haslina Wan Abdul Halim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Mae-Lynn Catherine Bastion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
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27
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Zhang Z, Yang L, Li Y, Sun D, Chen R, Dou S, Liu T, Zhang S, Zhou Q, Xie L. Interference of sympathetic overactivation restores limbal stem/progenitor cells function and accelerates corneal epithelial wound healing in diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114523. [PMID: 36931034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic keratopathy (DK), the diabetic complication in the cornea, is characterized by the delayed epithelial regeneration and sensory nerve degeneration. The involvement of limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs) dysfunction has been reported, however the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we confirmed the dysfunction of LSPCs in diabetic mouse and human corneas. The sympathetic nerve in the cornea was adjacent to LSPCs, and the sympathetic overactivation was found in diabetic mice. Surgical and pharmacological ablation of sympathetic nerves rescued the LSPCs function and promoted corneal epithelial regeneration in diabetic mice. In contrast, both topical norepinephrine (NE) application and chemogenetic sympathetic overactivation directly impaired the stemness and proliferation characteristics of LSPCs, as well as the normal epithelial regeneration. Moreover, we identified that β2-adrenoceptor (Adrb2) was the predominant adrenergic receptor expressed in LSPCs by corneal limbal single-cell sequencing and real time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of sorted LSPCs. The Adrb2 knockout mice exhibited the enhancement of epithelial regeneration and LSPCs function, compared with the wild-type mice. Similarly, topical application of the Adrb2 specific antagonist ICI 118, 551 effectively accelerated diabetic corneal epithelial regeneration with the restored LSPCs function. Mechanistically, sonic hedgehog (Shh) activity mediated the downstream effects of NE-Adrb2 signaling pathway in regulating LSPCs and epithelial regeneration. Taken together, our data revealed the involvement of sympathetic overactivation in the impairment of diabetic LSPCs function and corneal epithelial regeneration through the NE-Adrb2-Shh signaling pathway. The interference of sympathetic overactivation may provide novel treatment strategies for diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengqian Dou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China; School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China; School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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28
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Wang G, Zeng L, Gong C, Gong X, Zhu T, Zhu Y. Extracellular vesicles derived from mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing through NGF/TrkA pathway activation involving dendritic cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 231:109484. [PMID: 37080382 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic keratopathy (DK) is a common ocular complication of diabetes in which the dendritic cells (DCs)-mediated inflammatory response plays an important role. Nerve growth factor (NGF)/Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)-mediated inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway can reduce inflammatory cytokine production. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mADSC-EVs) have been explored extensively as treatments for degenerative eye disease. However, mADSC-EVs is poorly studied in the DK models. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of mADSC-EVs and explored the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo DK models. Our results showed that mADSC-EVs have significant therapeutic effects including increasing tear volume and the ratio of lacrimal gland/body weight, promoting corneal nerve regeneration, and sensation recovery in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DK mice. In addition, mADSC-EVs significantly reduced the inflammatory response involving DCs, consistently up-regulated protein expression of the NGF/TrkA pathway, and importantly, reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated IL-6 and TNF-α expression and directly dependent on TrkA in the induced culture of bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Taken together, our findings revealed that mADSC-EVs promoted diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing through NGF/TrkA pathway activation involving DCs. Given the significant therapeutic efficacy of mADSC-EVs and its clinical application, mADSC-EVs appears to be a promising new therapy for DK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Ophthalmology Department, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Can Gong
- Ophthalmology Department, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Xileyuan Gong
- Ophthalmology Department, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Tupeng Zhu
- Ophthalmology Department, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Ophthalmology Department, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
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29
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Liang W, Huang L, Whelchel A, Yuan T, Ma X, Cheng R, Takahashi Y, Karamichos D, Ma JX. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) regulates wound healing and mitochondrial metabolism in the cornea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217576120. [PMID: 36943878 PMCID: PMC10068757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217576120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes can result in impaired corneal wound healing. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in diabetic complications. However, the regulation of mitochondria function in the diabetic cornea and its impacts on wound healing remain elusive. The present study aimed to explore the molecular basis for the disturbed mitochondrial metabolism and subsequent wound healing impairment in the diabetic cornea. Seahorse analysis showed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is a major source of ATP production in human corneal epithelial cells. Live corneal biopsy punches from type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse models showed impaired mitochondrial functions, correlating with impaired corneal wound healing, compared to nondiabetic controls. To approach the molecular basis for the impaired mitochondrial function, we found that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α (PPARα) expression was downregulated in diabetic human corneas. Even without diabetes, global PPARα knockout mice and corneal epithelium-specific PPARα conditional knockout mice showed disturbed mitochondrial function and delayed wound healing in the cornea, similar to that in diabetic corneas. In contrast, fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced wound healing in the corneas of diabetic mice. Similarly, corneal epithelium-specific PPARα transgenic overexpression improved mitochondrial function and enhanced wound healing in the cornea. Furthermore, PPARα agonist ameliorated the mitochondrial dysfunction in primary human corneal epithelial cells exposed to diabetic stressors, which was impeded by siRNA knockdown of PPARα, suggesting a PPARα-dependent mechanism. These findings suggest that downregulation of PPARα plays an important role in the impaired mitochondrial function in the corneal epithelium and delayed corneal wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Liang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou350000, China
| | - Amy Whelchel
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Division of Research and Innovation, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
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30
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Li Z, Han Y, Ji Y, Sun K, Chen Y, Hu K. The effect of a-Lipoic acid (ALA) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in high glucose-induced human corneal epithelial cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:735-748. [PMID: 36058948 PMCID: PMC9988813 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress and inflammation had been proved to play important role in the progression of diabetic keratopathy (DK). The excessive accumulation of AGEs and their bond to AGE receptor (RAGE) in corneas that cause the formation of oxygen radicals and the release of inflammatory cytokines, induce cell apoptosis. Our current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ALA on AGEs accumulation as well as to study the molecular mechanism of ALA against AGE-RAGE axis mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in HG-induced HCECs, so as to provide cytological basis for the treatment of DK. METHODS HCECs were cultured in a variety concentration of glucose medium (5.5, 10, 25, 30, 40, and 50 mM) for 48 h. The cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was investigated with the Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate (V-FITC)/PI kit, while, the apoptotic cells were determined by flow cytometer and TUNEL cells apoptosis Kit. According to the results of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, 25 mM glucose medium was used in the following HG experiment. The effect of ALA on HG-induced HCECs was evaluated. The HCECs were treated with 5.5 mM glucose (normal glucose group, NG group), 5.5 mM glucose + 22.5 mM mannitol (osmotic pressure control group, OP group), 25 mM glucose (high glucose group, HG group) and 25 mM glucose + ALA (HG + ALA group) for 24 and 48 h. The accumulation of intracellular AGEs was detected by ELISA kit. The RAGE, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), cleaved cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 (Cleaved caspase-3), Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 ß), and interleukin 18 (IL-18) were quantified by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and Immunofluorescence, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by fluorescence microscope and fluorescence microplate reader. RESULTS When the glucose medium was higher than 25 mM, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and apoptosis ratio was increased (P < 0.001). In HG environment, ALA treatment alleviated the inhibition of HCECs in a dose-dependent manner, 25 μM ALA was the minimum effective dose. ALA could significantly reduce the intracellular accumulation of AGEs (P < 0.001), activate protein and genes expression of CAT and SOD2 (P < 0.001), and therefore inhibited ROS-induced oxidative stress and cells apoptosis. Besides, ALA could effectively down-regulate the protein and gene level of RAGE, TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1B, IL-18 (P < 0.05), and therefore alleviated AGEs-RAGE-TLR4-NLRP3 pathway-induced inflammation in HG-induced HCECs. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that ALA could be a desired treatment for DK due to its potential capacity of reducing accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and down-regulating AGE-RAGE axis-mediated oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in high glucose (HG)-induced human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), which may provide cytological basis for therapeutic targets that are ultimately of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province China
| | - Yan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Ting DS, Pradhan SP, Barnes E, Ahmed OA, Figueiredo FC. Minimally invasive corneal neurotization for neurotrophic keratopathy: The potential effect of age, denervation chronicity and lesion location. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 29:101804. [PMID: 36718433 PMCID: PMC9883617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is an uncommon but challenging clinical condition characterized by altered corneal nerves and sensation leading to corneal damage. Corneal neurotization, a surgical technique that aims to "re-innervate" the cornea, has gained increasing popularity in view of the potential to permanently improve or even restore the normal corneal sensation. In this study, we aimed to report the outcomes of two cases of NK that underwent indirect minimally invasive corneal neurotization (MICN) with a sural nerve autograft, and to provide plausible explanations for the observed clinical outcomes. Observations This was an interventional case series of two patients who underwent MICN for severe unilateral NK. The MICN technique was adapted from the technique originally described by Elbaz et al., in 2014. Clinical severity of NK was graded according to Mackie's grading system. Corneal sensation was measured using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (0-60mm) and corneal nerves were examined using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) with Heidelberg HRT3 Rostock Corneal Module. Patient 1 was a 70-year-old man with a right grade III NK following trigeminal nerve decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Patient 2 was a 62-year-old man with a left grade II NK following a left-sided acoustic neuroma resection. The denervation time was 23 years for both patients. Following the MICN surgery, none of the patients achieved sustained improvement in the corneal sensation (though patient 1 achieved a transient improvement in central corneal sensation to 20mm at 4 months' postoperative before returning to 0mm at 6 months' postoperative). IVCM did not reveal any changes in the corneal nerve density and morphology post-MICN. Conclusions and Importance Based on our observations and the literature, we postulate that long denervation time, proximal injury to the trigeminal nerve and older patient age may serve as poor prognostic factors for MICN. As CN is being increasingly adopted in clinical practice for treating NK, understanding of these potential factors will facilitate better risk-benefit stratification and patient counselling. Future larger studies are required to elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren S.J. Ting
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sayali P. Pradhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eric Barnes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Omar A. Ahmed
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francisco C. Figueiredo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Corresponding author. partment of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
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Soleimani M, Masoumi A, Tabatabaei SA, Zamani MH. Citrobacter keratitis: predisposing factors and clinical characteristics. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 36720767 PMCID: PMC9889583 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-022-00322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report predisposing factors, clinical presentation, antibiotic sensitivity, and management of Citrobacter-caused infectious keratitis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of culture-proven cases of Citrobacter keratitis in a tertiary referral center for 8 years (from January 2012 to September 2020). Demographic data of the patients, predisposing factors, and presenting signs were extracted. RESULTS Eighteen cases of microbial keratitis due to Citrobacter spp. were identified. The median age of the patients was 66 years (range: 10-89, interquartile range : 59-81). Thirteen patients were male and 5 were female. Multiple predisposing factors were identified in all eyes, including ocular surface disease (n = 8), previous corneal surgery (n = 6), and history of ocular trauma (n = 6). Five patients were diabetic. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of patients was light perception (LP) in 8 patients, hand motion (HM) in 7, counting fingers (CF) at 1 m in 1, and CF at 2 m in 2 patients. Thirteen eyes exhibited hypopyon. An area of corneal thinning was observed in 7 eyes (38.9%). Endophthalmitis due to infectious keratitis developed in one patient. In vitro susceptibility testing confirmed high sensitivity to ceftazidime and aminoglycosides. Medical management consisted primarily of topical amikacin (20 mg/ml) combined with topical cefazoline (50 mg/ml) (72.2%). Surgical tectonic procedures were carried out in 7 eyes (38.9%). CONCLUSION Citrobacter spp. is a rare cause of bacterial keratitis.Previous keratoplasty and ocular surface problems are important risk factors. The prognosis is not good and surgical tectonic intervention is required in many cases to resolve the corneal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleimani
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Ocular Trauma and Emergency Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1336616351 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Masoumi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Ocular Trauma and Emergency Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1336616351 Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Tabatabaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Ocular Trauma and Emergency Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1336616351 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Zamani
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Ocular Trauma and Emergency Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1336616351 Tehran, Iran
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A Low-Fat/Sucrose Diet Rich in Complex Carbohydrates Reverses High-Fat/Sucrose Diet-Induced Corneal Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020931. [PMID: 36674448 PMCID: PMC9865780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat/sucrose diet feeding in mice causes loss of corneal nerve function and impairs corneal wound healing. While changing to a diet with a low fat/sugar composition and enrichments in complex carbohydrates mitigates the reduction in nerve function, it remains to be determined if it has an effect on corneal wound healing. In this study, 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat/sucrose diet for 20 weeks. A third group (diet reversal) was placed on a high-fat/sucrose diet for 10 weeks followed by a normal diet for an additional 10 weeks. A central corneal epithelial abrasion wound was created, and wound closure was monitored. Neutrophil and platelet recruitment was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Mice fed the high-fat/sucrose diet-only had greater adiposity (p < 0.005) than normal diet-only fed mice; diet reversal markedly reduced adiposity. Following corneal abrasion, wound closure was delayed by ~6 h (p ≤ 0.01) and, at 30 h post-wounding, fewer neutrophils reached the wound center and fewer extravascular platelets were present at the limbus (p < 0.05). Diet restored normal wound closure and neutrophil and platelet influx in the injured cornea. These data suggest compositional changes to the diet may be an effective diet-based therapeutic strategy for maintaining or restoring corneal health.
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Ramsey DJ, Kwan JT, Sharma A. Keeping an eye on the diabetic foot: The connection between diabetic eye disease and wound healing in the lower extremity. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:1035-1048. [PMID: 36578874 PMCID: PMC9791566 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i12.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic eye disease is strongly associated with the development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs are a common and significant complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that arise from a combination of micro- and macrovascular compromise. Hyperglycemia and associated metabolic dysfunction in DM lead to impaired wound healing, immune dysregulation, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetic neuropathy that predisposes the lower extremities to repetitive injury and progressive tissue damage that may ultimately necessitate amputation. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is caused by cumulative damage to the retinal mic-rovasculature from hyperglycemia and other diabetes-associated factors. The severity of DR is closely associated with the development of DFUs and the need for lower extremity revascularization procedures and/or amputation. Like the lower extremity, the eye may also suffer end-organ damage from macrovascular compromise in the form of cranial neuropathies that impair its motility, cause optic neuropathy, or result in partial or complete blindness. Additionally, poor perfusion of the eye can cause ischemic retinopathy leading to the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy or neovascular glaucoma, both serious, vision-threatening conditions. Finally, diabetic corneal ulcers and DFUs share many aspects of impaired wound healing resulting from neurovascular, sensory, and immunologic compromise. Notably, alterations in serum biomarkers, such as hemoglobin A1c, ceruloplasmin, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, are associated with both DR and DFUs. Monitoring these parameters can aid in prognosticating long-term outcomes and shed light on shared pathogenic mechanisms that lead to end-organ damage. The frequent co-occurrence of diabetic eye and foot problems mandate that patients affected by either condition undergo reciprocal comprehensive eye and foot evaluations in addition to optimizing diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Ramsey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - James T Kwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Arjun Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
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Impact of High Glucose on Ocular Surface Glycocalyx Components: Implications for Diabetes-Associated Ocular Surface Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214289. [PMID: 36430770 PMCID: PMC9696111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes several detrimental effects on the ocular surface, including compromised barrier function and an increased risk of infections. The glycocalyx plays a vital role in barrier function. The present study was designed to test the effect of a high glucose level on components of glycocalyx. Stratified human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were exposed to a high glucose concentration for 24 and 72 h. Changes in Mucin (MUC) 1, 4, 16 expression were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA. Rose bengal and jacalin staining were used to assess the spatial distribution of MUC16 and O-glycosylation. Changes in the gene expression of five glycosyltransferases and forty-two proteins involved in cell proliferation and the cell cycle were also quantified using PCR and a gene array. High glucose exposure did not affect the level or spatial distribution of membrane-tethered MUC 1, 4, and 16 either in the corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells. No change in gene expression in glycosyltransferases was observed, but a decrease in the gene expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation and the cell cycle was observed. A high-glucose-mediated decrease in gene expression of proteins involved in cellular proliferation of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells may be one of the mechanisms underlying a diabetes-associated decrease in ocular surface's glycocalyx.
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Chen TM, Lasarev MR, Eaton JS. Retrospective investigation of perioperative risk factors for immediate postoperative corneal erosions in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 26:191-204. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Mei Chen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison USA
| | - Michael R. Lasarev
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison USA
| | - Joshua Seth Eaton
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison USA
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Bian Y, Ma KK, Hall NE, Elze T, Lorch A, Miller JW, Dana R, Yin J. Neurotrophic Keratopathy in the United States: An Intelligent Research in Sight Registry Analysis. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:1255-1262. [PMID: 35768054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the characteristics of neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) in the United States. DESIGN Retrospective database study. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-one thousand nine hundred fifteen eyes of 27 483 patients with a diagnosis of NK. METHODS Retrospective analysis of visits associated with a diagnosis of NK between 2013 and 2018 using the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic information, prevalence, visual acuity (VA), concomitant diagnosis and procedure codes, and risk factors impacting VA most closely after NK onset date. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age at initial diagnosis of NK was 68.0 ± 16.0 years, and 58.91% of patients were women (P < 0.0001). Presentation was unilateral in 58.14%, bilateral in 16.13%, and unspecified in 25.73%. Average 6-year prevalence of NK in the IRIS Registry was 21.34 cases per 100 000 patients. Mean ± SD VA was 0.60 ± 0.79 logMAR before diagnosis and 0.88 ± 0.94 logMAR after diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Most common concomitant diagnoses included herpetic keratitis (33.70%), diabetes (31.59%), and corneal dystrophy (14.28%). Common procedures for NK management included the use of amniotic membrane (29.90%), punctal plugs (29.65%), and bandage contact lenses (22.67%). Age, male sex, Black race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, unilateral involvement, concomitant diagnoses of diabetes, corneal transplantation, and herpetic keratitis were associated significantly with worse VA. CONCLUSIONS Based on the IRIS Registry, the prevalence of NK is 21.34 cases per 100 000 patients. Visual acuity was significantly worse after NK diagnosis compared with other time points. Neurotrophic keratopathy was associated most commonly with herpetic keratitis and diabetes. Worse VA in patients with NK was associated with several demographic characteristics, history of diabetes, corneal transplantation, and herpetic keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin K Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan E Hall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias Elze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice Lorch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joan W Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reza Dana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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So WZ, Qi Wong NS, Tan HC, Yu Lin MT, Yu Lee IX, Mehta JS, Liu YC. Diabetic corneal neuropathy as a surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2172-2178. [PMID: 35259825 PMCID: PMC9083173 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting nerves in all parts of the body including corneal nerves and peripheral nervous system, leading to diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, respectively. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is diagnosed in clinical practice using electrophysiological nerve conduction studies, clinical scoring, and skin biopsies. However, these diagnostic methods have limited sensitivity in detecting small-fiber disease, hence they do not accurately reflect the status of diabetic neuropathy. More recently, analysis of alterations in the corneal nerves has emerged as a promising surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, elaborating on the foundational aspects of each: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, evaluation, and management. We will further discuss the relevance of diabetic corneal neuropathy in detecting the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, particularly early diabetic peripheral neuropathy; the correlation between the severity of diabetic corneal neuropathy and that of diabetic peripheral neuropathy; and the role of diabetic corneal neuropathy in the stratification of complications of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng So
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie Shi Qi Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Chang Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Infectious keratitis caused by Klebsiella spp.: predisposing factors, presentation, and management. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1169-1173. [PMID: 36114910 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study predisposing factors, clinical presentation and management strategies for Klebsiella keratitis. METHODS A retrospective case review was performed on clinical records of culture-proven Klebsiella keratitis cases in a tertiary referral center over an 8-year period (from 2012 to 2020). RESULTS Thirty eight episodes of culture-proven Klebsiella keratitis were identified in 37 patients. The mean age of the patients was 62.9 years (range, 24-101). Multiple predisposing factors were identified in 33 eyes including history of previous keratoplasty (n = 11) history of ocular trauma (n = 7), preexisting ocular surface disease (n = 7) and diabetes (n = 6). Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at presentation was light perception (LP) in 16 patients, hand motion (HM) in 12, counting fingers (CF) at 50 cm in 5, CF at 1 m in 1, CF at 2 m in 2. One patient had a CDVA of 3/10. On initial examination Hypopyon was detected in 21 eyes. Descemet's membrane folds were present in 1 eye. Corneal thinning was identified in 20 eyes and perforation occurred in 4 patients. Corneal ulcer progressed to endophthalmitis in one patient. Microbiologic sensitivity testing showed that 89.5% isolates were sensitive to amikacin (34/38),88.9%sensitive to ceftazidime (32/36),94.4% were sensitive to gentamicin (34/36),97.2% sensitive to ciprofloxacin (35/36), and 100% to levofloxacin (26/26).Ultimately, one or more surgical procedures was needed in 21 patients. CONCLUSION Previous keratoplasty, history of ocular trauma, ocular surface disease and systemic disease such as diabetes are major risk factors for Klebsiella keratitis. In most of the patients, surgical and tectonic procedures were necessary to control the infection.
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Cui Z, Liao K, Li S, Gu J, Wang Y, Ding C, Guo Y, Chan HF, Ma JH, Tang S, Chen J. LM22B-10 promotes corneal nerve regeneration through in vitro 3D co-culture model and in vivo corneal injury model. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:159-176. [PMID: 35562005 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Corneal nerve wounding often causes abnormalities in the cornea and even blindness in severe cases. In this study, we construct a dorsal root ganglion-corneal stromal cell (DRG-CSC, DS) co-culture 3D model to explore the mechanism of corneal nerve regeneration. Firstly, this model consists of DRG collagen grafts sandwiched by orthogonally stacked and orderly arranged CSC-laden plastic compressed collagen. Nerve bundles extend into the entire corneal stroma within 14 days, and they also have orthogonal patterns. This nerve prevents CSCs from apoptosis in the serum withdrawal medium. The conditioned medium (CM) for CSCs in collagen scaffolds contains NT-3, IL-6, and other factors. Among them, NT-3 notably promotes the activation of ERK-CREB in the DRG, leading to the growth of nerve bundles, and IL-6 induces the upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes. Then, LM22B-10, an activator of the NT-3 receptor TrkB/TrkC, can also activate ERK-CREB to enhance nerve growth. After administering LM22B-10 eye drops to regular and diabetic mice with corneal wounding, LM22B-10 significantly improves the healing speed of the corneal epithelium, corneal sensitivity, and corneal nerve density. Overall, the DS co-culture model provides a promising platform and tools for the exploration of corneal physiological and pathological mechanisms, as well as the verification of drug effects in vitro. Meanwhile, we confirm that LM22B-10, as a non-peptide small molecule, has future potential in nerve wound repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The cornea accounts for most of the refractive power of the eye. Corneal nerves play an important role in maintaining corneal homeostasis. Once the corneal nerves are damaged, the corneal epithelium and stroma develop lesions. However, the mechanism of the interaction between corneal nerves and corneal cells is still not fully understood. Here, we construct a corneal stroma-nerve co-culture in vitro model and reveal that NT-3 expressed by stromal cells promotes nerve growth by activating the ERK-CREB pathway in nerves. LM22B-10, an activator of NT-3 receptors, can also induce nerve growth in vitro. Moreover, it is used as eye drops to enhance corneal epithelial wound healing, corneal nerve sensitivity and density of nerve plexus in corneal nerve wounding model in vivo.
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Yu FSX, Lee PSY, Yang L, Gao N, Zhang Y, Ljubimov AV, Yang E, Zhou Q, Xie L. The impact of sensory neuropathy and inflammation on epithelial wound healing in diabetic corneas. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 89:101039. [PMID: 34991965 PMCID: PMC9250553 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes, with several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, some of which are still uncertain. The cornea is an avascular tissue and sensitive to hyperglycemia, resulting in several diabetic corneal complications including delayed epithelial wound healing, recurrent erosions, neuropathy, loss of sensitivity, and tear film changes. The manifestation of DPN in the cornea is referred to as diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy (DNK). Recent studies have revealed that disturbed epithelial-neural-immune cell interactions are a major cause of DNK. The epithelium is supplied by a dense network of sensory nerve endings and dendritic cell processes, and it secretes growth/neurotrophic factors and cytokines to nourish these neighboring cells. In turn, sensory nerve endings release neuropeptides to suppress inflammation and promote epithelial wound healing, while resident immune cells provide neurotrophic and growth factors to support neuronal and epithelial cells, respectively. Diabetes greatly perturbs these interdependencies, resulting in suppressed epithelial proliferation, sensory neuropathy, and a decreased density of dendritic cells. Clinically, this results in a markedly delayed wound healing and impaired sensory nerve regeneration in response to insult and injury. Current treatments for DPN and DNK largely focus on managing the severe complications of the disease. Cell-based therapies hold promise for providing more effective treatment for diabetic keratopathy and corneal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Patrick S Y Lee
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Yang
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Alsheikh O, Alzaaidi S, Vargas JM, Al-Sharif E, Alrajeh M, AlSemari MA, Alhommadi A, Alsaati A, Aljwaiser N, Alshahwan E, Abdulhafiz M, Elsayed R, Müller-Lierheim WGK. Effectiveness of 0.15% hylan A eye drops in ameliorating symptoms of severe dry eye patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2022; 35:293-298. [PMID: 35814996 PMCID: PMC9266482 DOI: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_218_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the HYLAN A study was to investigate if symptoms and/or signs of patients suffering from severe dry eye disease (DED) in Saudi Arabia can be improved by substituting individually optimized artificial tear therapy by high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWHA) eye drops. METHODS The HYLAN M study, a multicenter prospective randomized open-label study, was performed in 11 centers in eight countries. Patients suffering from severe DED were electronically randomized in two parallel arms. patients with symptoms of at least ocular surface disease index (OSDI) 33 and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) of at least Oxford grade 3 were included . The patients in the control group continued with their individual optimized therapy as by the time of inclusion. The patients in the hylan A group replaced their individual lubricant eye drops by preservative-free eye drops containing 0.15% hylan A. The total OSDI scores as well as the OSDI subscores for pain and for visual disturbances of each patient at baseline, at 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks of treatment was used to analyse the improvement of symptoms. We focus and report the results obtained at the two study centers in Riyadh ,Saudi Arabia (King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital and Riyadh Military Hospital). RESULTS A total of 13 patients were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were middle aged (40-65 years). Overall, female patients accounted for 76.9% of all study participants. At the initiation of the study, both hylan A and control groups had relatively similar total OSDI scores together with pain and vision subscores. At 4-week follow-up, both groups demonstrated a noticeable decrease in all study variables. Nevertheless, the OSDI scores improved significantly in the group of patients treated with hylan A eye drops at 8 weeks, whereas the scores increased in the control group. CONCLUSION Saudi Arabia has a very high prevalence of patients with severe dry eye disease. Ethnicity, climate, and a high incidence of diabetes mellitus may contribute to this situation. Lubricant eye drops frequently do not provide adequate relief from ocular pain and instable vision in severe chronic ocular surface disease. High molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWHA) eye drops provide superior relief of symptoms of patients suffering from severe DED. This includes ocular pain as well as unstable vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Alsheikh
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Osama Alsheikh, Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Sultan Alzaaidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Defense and Aviation, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose M. Vargas
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al-Sharif
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alrajeh
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. AlSemari
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anoud Alsaati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Defense and Aviation, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Aljwaiser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Defense and Aviation, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alshahwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Defense and Aviation, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Abdulhafiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Defense and Aviation, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Elsayed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Defense and Aviation, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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43
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Corneal stromal repair and regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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McKay TB, Priyadarsini S, Karamichos D. Sex Hormones, Growth Hormone, and the Cornea. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020224. [PMID: 35053340 PMCID: PMC8773647 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and maintenance of nearly every tissue in the body is influenced by systemic hormones during embryonic development through puberty and into adulthood. Of the ~130 different hormones expressed in the human body, steroid hormones and peptide hormones are highly abundant in circulation and are known to regulate anabolic processes and wound healing in a tissue-dependent manner. Of interest, differential levels of sex hormones have been associated with ocular pathologies, including dry eye disease and keratoconus. In this review, we discuss key studies that have revealed a role for androgens and estrogens in the cornea with focus on ocular surface homeostasis, wound healing, and stromal thickness. We also review studies of human growth hormone and insulin growth factor-1 in influencing ocular growth and epithelial regeneration. While it is unclear if endogenous hormones contribute to differential corneal wound healing in common animal models, the abundance of evidence suggests that systemic hormone levels, as a function of age, should be considered as an experimental variable in studies of corneal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B. McKay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | | | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
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45
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Zhou Q, Yang L, Wang Q, Li Y, Wei C, Xie L. Mechanistic investigations of diabetic ocular surface diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1079541. [PMID: 36589805 PMCID: PMC9800783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1079541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus over recent decades, more patients suffered from various diabetic complications, including diabetic ocular surface diseases that may seriously affect the quality of life and even vision sight. The major diabetic ocular surface diseases include diabetic keratopathy and dry eye. Diabetic keratopathy is characterized with the delayed corneal epithelial wound healing, reduced corneal nerve density, decreased corneal sensation and feeling of burning or dryness. Diabetic dry eye is manifested as the reduction of tear secretion accompanied with the ocular discomfort. The early clinical symptoms include dry eye and corneal nerve degeneration, suggesting the early diagnosis should be focused on the examination of confocal microscopy and dry eye symptoms. The pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy involves the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, impaired neurotrophic innervations and limbal stem cell function, and dysregulated growth factor signaling, and inflammation alterations. Diabetic dry eye may be associated with the abnormal mitochondrial metabolism of lacrimal gland caused by the overactivation of sympathetic nervous system. Considering the important roles of the dense innervations in the homeostatic maintenance of cornea and lacrimal gland, further studies on the neuroepithelial and neuroimmune interactions will reveal the predominant pathogenic mechanisms and develop the targeting intervention strategies of diabetic ocular surface complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Xie,
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46
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Cong L, Pan X, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Dong Y. The effects of acute angle closure crisis on corneal endothelial cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:956780. [PMID: 36111300 PMCID: PMC9468933 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.956780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of acute angle closure crisis (AACC) on the corneal endothelial cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) to identify the factors that cause corneal endothelial cell injury. METHODS We examined 154 patients who visited Qingdao Eye Hospital for AACC in one eye (154 eyes; 28 men and 126 women; mean age of 68 ± 8 years). We divided the participants into non-DM, DM well-control, and DM poor-control groups, with the unaffected eyes used as controls. Each participant was evaluated at the hospital while under AACC. We measured the relevant index and corneal parameters of the participants for statistical analysis. RESULTS There were significant statistical differences in corneal parameters among the three groups. The decreased levels of central endothelial cell density (CD) and the percentage of hexagonal cells (6A) were statistically relevant among the groups (P<0.05). The AACC duration was correlated with CD loss rate among the groups (P<0.05). The DM duration was correlated with CD loss rate in the DM well-control group. Compared with the non-DM group, the level of 6A decreased more significantly in the DM group after AACC (P<0.05). The AACC duration in the DM well-control group was significantly shorter than in the non-DM and DM poor-control groups (P<0.001). The DM poor-control group showed significantly worse visual acuity when compared with the other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS DM may impact the functional status of corneal endothelial cells. AACC can worsen the corneal endothelium damage in patients with DM. Blood glucose levels and the duration of intraocular hypertension are closely related to the severity of corneal endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Pan,
| | - Yiping Xia
- Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanling Dong
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
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Tong N, Wang L, Gong H, Pan L, Yuan F, Zhou Z. Clinical Manifestations of Supra-Large Range Nonperfusion Area in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:8775641. [PMID: 35685609 PMCID: PMC9159255 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8775641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe the clinical manifestations of supra-large range nonperfusion area (SLRNPA) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study. A total of 260 eyes of 236 patients with DR who underwent pars plana vitrectomy in the Department of Ophthalmology of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from February 2016 to June 2019 were enrolled. Fundus fluorescein angiography was performed after surgery to determine whether SLRNPA or non-SLRNPA in DR was present. All demographic and clinical data were carefully collected. RESULTS Forty-one eyes of 22 patients were diagnosed with SLRNPA in DR (15.77% of all eyes). Compared to non-SLRNPA, SLRNPA patients were more likely to be male and younger with earlier DR onset, a smoking history, other comorbidities, and a higher HbA1c level. SLRNPA in DR eyes exhibited more neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and diabetic keratopathy (DK) than did other eyes. Such eyes were more likely to require anti-VEGF therapy before surgery or a silicone oil or a gas tamponade during surgery and to suffer from persistent corneal epithelial erosion and NVG recurrence after surgery. CONCLUSIONS SLRNPA in DR is a severe status of DR. Treatment for DR patients with SLRNPA is difficult, and the prognosis is poor, so clinicians must thus pay more attention to SLRNPA in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianting Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Huimin Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fuxiang Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhanyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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Ariesta Shinta Dewi P, Sitompul R, Adiwinata Pawitan J, Naroeni A, Dewayani Antarianto R. Improvement of Corneal Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Rats Using Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Conditioned Medium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2022; 11:180-196. [PMID: 37605742 PMCID: PMC10440006 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.11.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) for corneal nerve regeneration in rats with diabetic keratopathy. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male diabetic (DM) rats (250-300 g) were divided into four groups (n=7/group): Control, DM, DM with WJSCs (DM+WJ), and DM with CM treatment (DM+CM). DM+WJ and DM+CM group received WJSCs or CM, respectively, topically with eye drops. Corneal sensibility, corneal epithelial layer integrity, histology, expression of GAP-43 and TUBB3 on mRNA level and their immunohistochemical expression were examined after two weeks of treatment. There were changes in corneal sensibility and corneal integrity between normal control and diabetic groups with/without WJSC or CM injection. Total central corneal thickness was significantly higher in DM+CM (249.81 ± 43.85 μm) than in control (174.72 ± 44.12 μm, P=0.004) and DM groups (190.15 ± 9.63 μm, P=0.03). GAP-43 mRNA expression levels of DM+WJ and DM+CM groups were higher compared with DM and control groups. TUBB3 mRNA level was increased after CM (P=0.047), but not after WJSCs treatment (P=1.00). GAP-43 and TUBB3 immunohistochemical expression of nerve fibers along the epithelial layer significantly increased in DM+WJ and DM+CM compared with DM group. Our findings showed that WJSCs and their CM improved corneal nerve regeneration in rats with diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitra Ariesta Shinta Dewi
- Doctoral Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Ratna Sitompul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering (SCTE) Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Aroem Naroeni
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Hwang SB, Park JH, Park JY, Kang SS, Chung HS, Lee H, Kim JY, Tchah H. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of N-acetylcysteine in diabetic rat corneal epithelium. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1805-1812. [PMID: 34926192 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat corneal epithelium and human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to a high-glucose environment. METHODS HCECs were incubated in 0, 5, 50 mmol/L glucose medium, or 50 mmol/L glucose medium with NAC for 24h. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg STZ and some of these rats were topically administered NAC to corneas with 3 mice per group. We characterized receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) expression using immunofluorescence, and interleukin (IL)-1β and cleaved caspase-3 (CCAP-3) expression using immunohistochemistry. Circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration was measured by ELISA and cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) concentration was quantified by Western blotting. Apoptotic cells were detected using TUNEL assay and annexin V and propidium iodide staining. RESULTS Diabetic rats had higher expression of RAGE (2.46±0.13 fold), IL-1β, and CCAP-3 in apoptotic cells of their corneas than control rats. The expression of RAGE (1.83±0.11 fold), IL-1β, and CCAP-3, and the number of apoptotic cells, were reduced by topical NAC treatment. HCECs incubated in 50 mmol/L glucose medium showed high concentrations of TNF-α (310±2.00 pg/mL) and cleaved PARP (7.43±0.56 fold), and more extensive apoptosis than cells in 50 mmol/L glucose medium. However, the addition of NAC reduced the concentrations of TNF-α (153.67±2.31 pg/mL) and cleaved PARP (5.55±0.31 fold) and the number of apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION NAC inhibits inflammation and apoptosis in the corneas of diabetic rats and HCECs maintained in a high-glucose environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Byeok Hwang
- Research Institute of Miso Eye Clinic, Gyeonggi-do 13640, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Park
- Research Institute of Miso Eye Clinic, Gyeonggi-do 13640, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Miso Eye Clinic, Gyeonggi-do 13640, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Suk Kang
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Biomacromolecules, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seok Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Lee
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hungwon Tchah
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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50
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Li Q, Xin M, Wu X, Lei B. A nano-phytochemical ophthalmic solution for marked improvement of corneal wound healing in healthy or diabetic mice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 17:151-165. [PMID: 34927467 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To formulate a novel nano-phytochemical ophthalmic solution to promote corneal wound healing. Methods: Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) and palmatine (PAL) were used to formulate this formulation marked as DG-PAL, and its efficacy and mechanisms for promoting corneal wound healing were evaluated in mice. Results: DG-PAL was easily fabricated with excellent physical profiles. In in vivo efficiency evaluations, DG-PAL demonstrated an excellent promoting effect on corneal epithelial/nerve wound healing in both healthy and diabetic mice. These effects were involved in the DG-PAL-induced decreased expression levels of HMGB1 and its signaling-related factors in the corneas and trigeminal neurons of the healthy or diabetic mice. Conclusion: DG-PAL possibly represents a promising ophthalmic solution for promoting corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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