1
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Cavaco M, Pérez-Peinado C, Valle J, Silva RDM, Gano L, Correia JDG, Andreu D, Castanho MARB, Neves V. The use of a selective, nontoxic dual-acting peptide for breast cancer patients with brain metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116573. [PMID: 38613996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by the absence of commonly targeted receptors. Unspecific chemotherapy is currently the main therapeutic option, with poor results. Another major challenge is the frequent appearance of brain metastasis (BM) associated with a significant decrease in patient overall survival. The treatment of BM is even more challenging due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we present a dual-acting peptide (PepH3-vCPP2319) designed to tackle TNBC/BM, in which a TNBC-specific anticancer peptide (ACP) motif (vCPP2319) is joined to a BBB peptide shuttle (BBBpS) motif (PepH3). PepH3-vCPP2319 demonstrated selectivity and efficiency in eliminating TNBC both in monolayers (IC50≈5.0 µM) and in spheroids (IC50≈25.0 µM), with no stringent toxicity toward noncancerous cell lines and red blood cells (RBCs). PepH3-vCPP2319 was also able to cross the BBB in vitro and penetrate the brain in vivo, and was stable in serum with a half-life above 120 min. Tumor cell-peptide interaction is fast, with quick peptide internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis without membrane disruption. Upon internalization, the peptide is detected in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, indicating a multi-targeted mechanism of action that ultimately induces irreversible cell damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, we have designed a dual-acting peptide capable of brain penetration and TNBC cell elimination, thus expanding the drug arsenal to fight this BC subtype and its BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal; Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Peinado
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Javier Valle
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ruben D M Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), LRS, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), LRS, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), LRS, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), LRS, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), LRS, Bobadela 2695-066, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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2
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Wan PKT, Fernandes RA, Seymour LW. Oncolytic viruses and antibodies: are they more successful when delivered separately or when engineered as a single agent? J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006518. [PMID: 37541690 PMCID: PMC10407364 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) provide the promise of tumor-selective cytotoxicity coupled with amplification of the therapeutic agent (the virus) in situ within the tumor improving its therapeutic index. Despite this promise, however, single agent-treatments have not been as successful as combination therapies, particularly combining with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies. The antibodies may be delivered by two approaches, either encoded within the OV genome to restrict antibody production to sites of active virus infection or alternatively given alongside OVs as separate treatments. Both approaches have shown promising therapeutic outcomes, and this leads to an interesting question of whether one approach is potentially better than the other. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the combination OV-antibody therapies that target tumor cells, tumor microenvironment and immune cells to help define key parameters influencing which approach is superior, thereby improving insight into the rational design of OV treatment strategies.
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3
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Schädlich IS, Winzer R, Stabernack J, Tolosa E, Magnus T, Rissiek B. The role of the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023:10.1007/s00281-023-00987-3. [PMID: 36917241 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely initiated by the purine adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is extensively released to the interstitial space during brain ischemia and functions as an extracellular danger signaling molecule. By engaging P2 receptors, extracellular ATP activates microglia leading to cytokine and chemokine production and subsequent immune cell recruitment from the periphery which further amplifies post-stroke inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 shape and balance the inflammatory environment by stepwise degrading extracellular ATP to adenosine which itself has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling properties. The neuroprotective effects of adenosine are mainly mediated through A1 receptors and inhibition of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, while the anti-inflammatory capacities of adenosine have been primarily attributed to A2A receptor activation on infiltrating immune cells in the subacute phase after stroke. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke, discuss contradictory results, and point out potential pitfalls towards translating therapeutic approaches from rodent stroke models to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sophie Schädlich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joschi Stabernack
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Advances in Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Cerebral Ischemia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010145. [PMID: 36678774 PMCID: PMC9866586 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is an acute disorder characterized by an abrupt reduction in blood flow that results in immediate deprivation of both glucose and oxygen. The main types of cerebral ischemia are ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. When a stroke occurs, several signaling pathways are activated, comprising necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy as well as glial activation and white matter injury, which leads to neuronal cell death. Current treatments for strokes include challenging mechanical thrombectomy or tissue plasminogen activator, which increase the danger of cerebral bleeding, brain edema, and cerebral damage, limiting their usage in clinical settings. Monoclonal antibody therapy has proven to be effective and safe in the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. In contrast, the evidence for stroke therapy is minimal. Recently, Clone MTS510 antibody targeting toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) protein, ASC06-IgG1 antibody targeting acid sensing ion channel-1a (ASIC1a) protein, Anti-GluN1 antibodies targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor associated calcium influx, GSK249320 antibody targeting myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), anti-High Mobility Group Box-1 antibody targeting high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) are currently under clinical trials for cerebral ischemia treatment. In this article, we review the current antibody-based pharmaceuticals for neurological diseases, the use of antibody drugs in stroke, strategies to improve the efficacy of antibody therapeutics in cerebral ischemia, and the recent advancement of antibody drugs in clinical practice. Overall, we highlight the need of enhancing blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration for the improvement of antibody-based therapeutics in the brain, which could greatly enhance the antibody medications for cerebral ischemia in clinical practice.
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5
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Kitamura K, Okamoto A, Morio H, Isogai R, Ito R, Yamaura Y, Izumi S, Komori T, Ito S, Ohtsuki S, Akita H, Furihata T. Human Immortalized Cell-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Spheroid Models Offer an Evaluation Tool for the Brain Penetration Properties of Macromolecules. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2754-2764. [PMID: 35766901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable middle- or macromolecules (middle/macromolecules) have recently attracted significant attention as new drug delivery carriers into the human brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). During the development process of such carriers, it is necessary to thoroughly evaluate their human BBB permeability levels. In such evaluations, our recently established human immortalized cell-based multicellular spheroidal BBB models (hiMCS-BBB models) have shown high potential. However, the specifics of those capabilities have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we characterize the ability of the hiMCS-BBB models to evaluate RMT-mediated BBB penetration properties of middle/macromolecules. More specifically, we began by validating transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated RMT functionalities using transferrin in the hiMCS-BBB models and then examined the BBB permeability levels of MEM189 antibodies (known BBB-permeable anti-TfR antibodies). The obtained results showed that, as with the case of transferrin, temperature-dependent uptake of MEM189 antibodies was observed in the hiMCS-BBB models, and the extent of that uptake increased in a time-dependent manner until reaching a plateau after around 2 h. To further expand the evaluation applicability of the models, we also examined the BBB permeability levels of the recently developed SLS cyclic peptide and observed that peptide uptake was also temperature-dependent. To summarize, our results show that the hiMCS-BBB models possess the ability to evaluate the RMT-mediated BBB-permeable properties of antibodies and peptides and thus have the potential to provide valuable tools for use in the exploration and identification of middle/macromolecules showing excellent BBB permeability levels, thereby contributing powerfully to the development of new drug delivery carriers for transporting drugs into the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kitamura
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hanae Morio
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryuto Isogai
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryo Ito
- Research Center of Neurology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamaura
- Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Saki Izumi
- Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co. Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Takafumi Komori
- Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co. Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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6
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Kim W, Kim J, Lee SY, Kim HM, Jung H, Joo KM, Nam DH. Functional validation of the simplified in vitro 3D Co-culture based BBB model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 625:128-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Lee S, Lee JH. Brain somatic mutations as RNA therapeutic targets in neurological disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1514:11-20. [PMID: 35527236 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research into the genetic etiology of a neurological disorder can provide directions for genetic diagnosis and targeted therapy. In the past, germline mutations, which are transmitted from parents or newly arise from parental germ cells, were considered as major genetic causes of neurological disorders. However, recent evidence has shown that somatic mutations in the brain, which can arise from neural stem cells during development or over aging, account for a significant number of brain disorders, ranging from neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric to neoplastic disease. Moreover, the identification of disease-causing somatic mutations or mutated genes has provided new insights into molecular pathogenesis and unveiled potential therapeutic targets for treating neurological disorders that have few, or no, therapeutic options. RNA therapeutics, including antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are emerging as promising therapeutic tools for treating genetic neurological disorders. As the number of approved and investigational ASO and siRNA drugs for neurological disorders associated with germline mutations increases, they may also prove to be attractive modalities for treating neurologic disorders resulting from somatic mutations. In this perspective, we highlight several neurological diseases caused by brain somatic mutations and discuss the potential role of RNA therapeutics in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyul Lee
- SoVarGen Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- SoVarGen Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute Science and Technology (KAIST), KAIST BioMedical Research Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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8
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Marino M, Holt MG. AAV Vector-Mediated Antibody Delivery (A-MAD) in the Central Nervous System. Front Neurol 2022; 13:870799. [PMID: 35493843 PMCID: PMC9039256 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.870799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last four decades, monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives have emerged as a powerful class of therapeutics, largely due to their exquisite targeting specificity. Several clinical areas, most notably oncology and autoimmune disorders, have seen the successful introduction of monoclonal-based therapeutics. However, their adoption for treatment of Central Nervous System diseases has been comparatively slow, largely due to issues of efficient delivery resulting from limited permeability of the Blood Brain Barrier. Nevertheless, CNS diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent as societies age, accounting for ~6.5 million fatalities worldwide per year. Therefore, harnessing the full therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies (and their derivatives) in this clinical area has become a priority. Adeno-associated virus-based vectors (AAVs) are a potential solution to this problem. Preclinical studies have shown that AAV vector-mediated antibody delivery provides protection against a broad range of peripheral diseases, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza and malaria. The parallel identification and optimization of AAV vector platforms which cross the Blood Brain Barrier with high efficiency, widely transducing the Central Nervous System and allowing high levels of local transgene production, has now opened a number of interesting scenarios for the development of AAV vector-mediated antibody delivery strategies to target Central Nervous System proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Marino
- Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew G. Holt
- Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Synapse Biology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Matthew G. Holt
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9
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Mantas I, Saarinen M, Xu ZQD, Svenningsson P. Update on GPCR-based targets for the development of novel antidepressants. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:534-558. [PMID: 33589739 PMCID: PMC8960420 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional antidepressants largely interfere with monoaminergic transport or degradation systems, taking several weeks to have their therapeutic actions. Moreover, a large proportion of depressed patients are resistant to these therapies. Several atypical antidepressants have been developed which interact with G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) instead, as direct targeting of receptors may achieve more efficacious and faster antidepressant actions. The focus of this review is to provide an update on how distinct GPCRs mediate antidepressant actions and discuss recent insights into how GPCRs regulate the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel GPCR targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles. Finally, we highlight recent advances in understanding GPCR pharmacology and structure, and how they may provide new avenues for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mantas
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Saarinen
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Ebadi M, Jonart LM, Ostergaard J, Gordon PM. CD99 antibody disrupts T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia adhesion to meningeal cells and attenuates chemoresistance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24374. [PMID: 34934147 PMCID: PMC8692434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is a significant cause of treatment failure among patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In prior work we found that the meninges, the thin layer of tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, harbor leukemia cells in the CNS. Importantly, direct interactions between leukemia and meningeal cells enabled leukemia chemoresistance. Herein, we show that an antibody targeting CD99, a transmembrane protein expressed on meningeal cells and many leukemia cells, disrupts adhesion between leukemia and meningeal cells and restores sensitivity of the leukemia cells to chemotherapy. This work identifies a mechanism regulating critical intercellular interactions within the CNS leukemia niche and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for overcoming niche-mediated chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ebadi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 366, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Leslie M Jonart
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 366, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason Ostergaard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 366, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter M Gordon
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 366, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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11
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Cavaco M, Frutos S, Oliete P, Valle J, Andreu D, Castanho MARB, Vila-Perelló M, Neves V. Conjugation of a Blood Brain Barrier Peptide Shuttle to an Fc Domain for Brain Delivery of Therapeutic Biomolecules. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1663-1668. [PMID: 36060671 PMCID: PMC9437899 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of brain disease has increased significantly in the past years. After diagnosis, therapeutic options are usually limited, which demands the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is promising but highly limited by the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To overcome the impermeability of this barrier, antibody fragments can be engineered and conjugated to BBB peptide shuttles (BBBpS), which are capable of brain penetration. Herein, we linked the highly efficient BBBpS, PepH3, to the IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain using the streamlined expressed protein ligation (SEPL) method. With this strategy, we obtained an Fc-PepH3 scaffold that can carry different payloads. Fc-PepH3 was shown to be nontoxic, capable of crossing an in vitro cellular BBB model, and able to bind to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which is responsible for antibody long half-life (t 1/2). Overall, we demonstrated the potential of Fc-PepH3 as a versatile platform readily adaptable to diverse drugs of therapeutic value to treat different brain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaco
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Proteomics
and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health
Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical
Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Frutos
- SpliceBio
S.L., Baldiri Reixac
10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Oliete
- SpliceBio
S.L., Baldiri Reixac
10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Valle
- Proteomics
and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health
Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical
Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics
and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health
Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona Biomedical
Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Vera Neves
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Highly Specific Blood-Brain Barrier Transmigrating Single-Domain Antibodies Selected by an In Vivo Phage Display Screening. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101598. [PMID: 34683891 PMCID: PMC8540410 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A major bottleneck in the successful development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs is the discovery and design of molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nano-delivery strategies are a promising approach that take advantage of natural portals of entry into the brain such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting endogenous BBB receptors. However, the main selected mAbs rely on targeting broadly expressed receptors, such as the transferrin and insulin receptors, and in selection processes that do not fully mimic the native receptor conformation, leading to mistargeting and a low fraction of the administered dose effectively reaching the brain. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new BBB receptors and explore novel antibody selection approaches that can allow a more selective delivery into the brain. Considering that in vitro models fail to completely mimic brain structure complexity, we explored an in vivo cell immunization approach to construct a rabbit derived single-domain antibody (sdAb) library towards BBB endothelial cell receptors. The sdAb antibody library was used in an in vivo phage display screening as a functional selection of novel BBB targeting antibodies. Following three rounds of selections, next generation sequencing analysis, in vitro brain endothelial barrier (BEB) model screenings and in vivo biodistribution studies, five potential sdAbs were identified, three of which reaching >0.6% ID/g in the brain. To validate the brain drug delivery proof-of-concept, the most promising sdAb, namely RG3, was conjugated at the surface of liposomes encapsulated with a model drug, the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (PAN). The translocation efficiency and activity of the conjugate liposome was determined in a dual functional in vitro BEB-glioblastoma model. The RG3 conjugated PAN liposomes enabled an efficient BEB translocation and presented a potent antitumoral activity against LN229 glioblastoma cells without influencing BEB integrity. In conclusion, our in vivo screening approach allowed the selection of highly specific nano-antibody scaffolds with promising properties for brain targeting and drug delivery.
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13
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Ghosh KK, Padmanabhan P, Yang CT, Ng DCE, Palanivel M, Mishra S, Halldin C, Gulyás B. Positron emission tomographic imaging in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:280-291. [PMID: 34332093 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an extensively used nuclear functional imaging technique, especially for central nervous system (CNS) and oncological disorders. Currently, drug development is a lengthy and costly pursuit. Imaging with PET radiotracers could be an effective way to hasten drug discovery and advancement, because it facilitates the monitoring of key facets, such as receptor occupancy quantification, drug biodistribution, pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses, validation of target engagement, treatment monitoring, and measurement of neurotransmitter concentrations. These parameters demand careful analyses for the robust appraisal of newly formulated drugs during preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the usage of PET imaging in radiopharmaceutical development; drug development approaches with PET imaging; and PET developments in oncological and cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kanta Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Chang-Tong Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - David Chee Eng Ng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mathangi Palanivel
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Sachin Mishra
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Christer Halldin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Linville RM, Komin A, Lan X, DeStefano JG, Chu C, Liu G, Walczak P, Hristova K, Searson PC. Reversible blood-brain barrier opening utilizing the membrane active peptide melittin in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120942. [PMID: 34147718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly controls entry of molecules and cells into the brain, restricting the delivery of therapeutics. Blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO) utilizes reversible disruption of cell-cell junctions between brain microvascular endothelial cells to enable transient entry into the brain. Here, we demonstrate that melittin, a membrane active peptide present in bee venom, supports transient BBBO. From endothelial and neuronal viability studies, we first identify the accessible concentration range for BBBO. We then use a tissue-engineered model of the human BBB to optimize dosing and elucidate the mechanism of opening. Melittin and other membrane active variants transiently increase paracellular permeability via disruption of cell-cell junctions that result in transient focal leaks. To validate the results from the tissue-engineered model, we then demonstrate that transient BBBO can be reproduced in a mouse model. We identify a minimum clinically effective intra-arterial dose of 3 μM min melittin, which is reversible within one day and neurologically safe. Melittin-induced BBBO represents a novel technology for delivery of therapeutics into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raleigh M Linville
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Komin
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Lan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jackson G DeStefano
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Walker KL, Rinella SP, Hess NJ, Turicek DP, Kabakov SA, Zhu F, Bouchlaka MN, Olson SL, Cho MM, Quamine AE, Feils AS, Gavcovich TB, Rui L, Capitini CM. CXCR4 allows T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to escape from JAK1/2 and BCL2 inhibition through CNS infiltration. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1167-1177. [PMID: 33843403 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1910684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the JAK/STAT and BCL2 pathways in patients with relapsed/refractory T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) may provide an alternative approach to achieve clinical remissions. Ruxolitinib and venetoclax show a dose-dependent effect on T-ALL individually, but combination treatment reduces survival and proliferation of T-ALL in vitro. Using a xenograft model, the combination treatment fails to improve survival, with death from hind limb paralysis. Despite on-target inhibition by the drugs, histopathology demonstrates increased leukemic infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) as compared to liver or bone marrow. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy shows that ruxolitinib and venetoclax insufficiently cross into the CNS. The addition of the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor with ruxolitinib and venetoclax reduces clinical scores and enhances survival. While combination therapy with ruxolitinib and venetoclax shows promise for treating T-ALL, additional inhibition of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis may be needed to maximize the possibility of complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti L Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Rinella
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hess
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David P Turicek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sabrina A Kabakov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Myriam N Bouchlaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sydney L Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Monica M Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aicha E Quamine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arika S Feils
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tara B Gavcovich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lixin Rui
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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16
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Liposomes as Antibiotic Delivery Systems: A Promising Nanotechnological Strategy against Antimicrobial Resistance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072047. [PMID: 33918529 PMCID: PMC8038399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drugs are key tools to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Despite the early success of antibiotics, the current treatment of bacterial infections faces serious challenges due to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Moreover, the decline of research and private investment in new antibiotics further aggravates this antibiotic crisis era. Overcoming the complexity of antimicrobial resistance must go beyond the search of new classes of antibiotics and include the development of alternative solutions. The evolution of nanomedicine has allowed the design of new drug delivery systems with improved therapeutic index for the incorporated compounds. One of the most promising strategies is their association to lipid-based delivery (nano)systems. A drug’s encapsulation in liposomes has been demonstrated to increase its accumulation at the infection site, minimizing drug toxicity and protecting the antibiotic from peripheral degradation. In addition, liposomes may be designed to fuse with bacterial cells, holding the potential to overcome antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation and constituting a promising solution for the treatment of potential fatal multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In this review, we aim to address the applicability of antibiotic encapsulated liposomes as an effective therapeutic strategy for bacterial infections.
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17
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Abstract
![]()
Developing
drugs for the central nervous system (CNS) requires
fine chemical modifications, as a strict balance between size and
lipophilicity is necessary to improve the permeability through the
blood-brain barrier (BBB).
In this context, morpholine and its analogues represent valuable heterocycles,
due to their conformational and physicochemical properties. In fact,
the presence of a weak basic nitrogen atom and of an oxygen atom at
the opposite position provides a peculiar pKa value and a flexible conformation to the ring, thus allowing
it to take part in several lipophilic–hydrophilic interactions,
and to improve blood solubility and brain permeability of the overall
structure. In CNS-active compounds, morpholines are used (1) to enhance
the potency through molecular interactions, (2) to act as a scaffold
directing the appendages in the correct position, and (3) to modulate
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties. In this perspective,
selected morpholine-containing CNS drug candidates are discussed to
reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for the (1) modulation
of receptors involved in mood disorders and pain, (2) bioactivity
toward enzymes and receptors responsible for neurodegenerative diseases,
and (3) inhibition of enzymes involved in the pathology of CNS tumors.
The medicinal chemistry/pharmacological activity of morpholine derivatives
is discussed, in the effort to highlight the importance of morpholine
ring interactions in the active site of different targets, particularly
reporting binding features retrieved from PDB data, when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Calugi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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18
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Ogawa K, Kato N, Kawakami S. Recent Strategies for Targeted Brain Drug Delivery. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 68:567-582. [PMID: 32611994 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because the brain is the most important human organ, many brain disorders can cause severe symptoms. For example, glioma, one type of brain tumor, is progressive and lethal, while neurodegenerative diseases cause severe disability. Nevertheless, medical treatment for brain diseases remains unsatisfactory, and therefore innovative therapies are desired. However, the development of therapies to treat some cerebral diseases is difficult because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-brain tumor barrier prevents drugs from entering the brain. Hence, drug delivery system (DDS) strategies are required to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain. Recently, brain-targeted DDS have been developed, which increases the quality of therapy for cerebral disorders. This review gives an overview of recent brain-targeting DDS strategies. First, it describes strategies to cross the BBB. This includes BBB-crossing ligand modification or temporal BBB permeabilization. Strategies to avoid the BBB using local administration are also summarized. Intrabrain drug distribution is a crucial factor that directly determines the therapeutic effect, and thus it is important to evaluate drug distribution using optimal methods. We introduce some methods for evaluating drug distribution in the brain. Finally, applications of brain-targeted DDS for the treatment of brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ogawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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19
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Subjakova V, Oravczova V, Hianik T. Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:341. [PMID: 33494545 PMCID: PMC7866063 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are novel nanostructures that are of increased interest especially in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. These structures are modified by antibodies or nucleic acid aptamers and can recognize the cancer markers at the membrane of the cancer cells or in the intracellular side. They can serve as a cargo for targeted transport of drugs or nucleic acids in chemo- immuno- or gene therapy. The various mechanisms, such as enzyme, ultrasound, magnetic, electrical, or light, served as a driving force for nano/micromotors, allowing their transport into the cells. This review is focused on the recent achievements in the development of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors modified by antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers. The methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles, their structure and properties are provided together with those for synthesis and the application of nano/micromotors. The various mechanisms of the driving of nano/micromotors such as chemical, light, ultrasound, electric and magnetic fields are explained. The targeting drug delivery is based on the modification of nanostructures by receptors such as nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. Special focus is therefore on the method of selection aptamers for recognition cancer markers as well as on the comparison of the properties of nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. The methods of immobilization of aptamers at the nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are provided. Examples of applications of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors in targeted delivery and in controlled drug release are presented. The future perspectives of biomimetic nanostructures in personalized nanomedicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (V.O.)
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20
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Dib P, Zhang Y, Ihnat MA, Gallucci RM, Standifer KM. TNF-Alpha as an Initiator of Allodynia and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in a Preclinical Model of PTSD and Comorbid Pain. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:721999. [PMID: 34512420 PMCID: PMC8424009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health disorder that occurs after exposure to a traumatic event. Patients with comorbid chronic pain experience affective distress, worse quality of life, and poorer responses to treatments for pain or PTSD than those with either condition alone. FDA-approved PTSD treatments are often ineffective analgesics, requiring additional drugs to treat co-morbid symptoms. Therefore, development of new treatment strategies necessitate a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PTSD and comorbid pain. The single prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD induces the development of persistent mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Increased Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) levels in serum and CSF accompany these exaggerated nociceptive responses, as well as increased serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Therefore, the primary goal was to determine the role of TNF-α in the development of SPS-induced allodynia/hyperalgesia and elevated serum and CNS N/OFQ using two approaches: TNF-α synthesis inhibition, and blockade with anti-TNF-α antibody that acts primarily in the periphery. Administration of TNF-α synthesis blocker, thalidomide (THL), immediately after SPS prevented increased TNF-α and development of allodynia and hyperalgesia. The THL effect lasted at least 21 days, well after thalidomide treatment ended (day 5). THL also prevented SPS-induced increases in serum N/OFQ and reversed regional N/OFQ mRNA expression changes in the CNS. Serum TNF-α increases detected at 4 and 24 h post SPS were not accompanied by blood brain barrier disruption. A single injection of anti-TNF-α antibody to male and female rats during the SPS procedure prevented the development of allodynia, hyperalgesia, and elevated serum N/OFQ, and reduced SPS-induced anxiety-like behaviors in males. Anti-TNFα treatment also blocked development of SPS-induced allodynia in females, and blocked increased hypothalamic N/OFQ in males and females. This suggests that a peripheral TNF-α surge is necessary for the initiation of allodynia associated with SPS, as well as the altered central and peripheral N/OFQ that maintains nociceptive sensitivity. Therefore, early alleviation of TNF-α provides new therapeutic options for investigation as future PTSD and co-morbid pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Randle M Gallucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kelly M Standifer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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21
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Williamson LE, Gilliland T, Yadav PK, Binshtein E, Bombardi R, Kose N, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Durie CL, Armstrong E, Carnahan RH, Walker LM, Kim AS, Fox JM, Diamond MS, Ohi MD, Klimstra WB, Crowe JE. Human Antibodies Protect against Aerosolized Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection. Cell 2020; 183:1884-1900.e23. [PMID: 33301709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is one of the most virulent viruses endemic to North America. No licensed vaccines or antiviral therapeutics are available to combat this infection, which has recently shown an increase in human cases. Here, we characterize human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from a survivor of natural EEEV infection with potent (<20 pM) inhibitory activity of EEEV. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of two highly neutralizing mAbs, EEEV-33 and EEEV-143, were solved in complex with chimeric Sindbis/EEEV virions to 7.2 Å and 8.3 Å, respectively. The mAbs recognize two distinct antigenic sites that are critical for inhibiting viral entry into cells. EEEV-33 and EEEV-143 protect against disease following stringent lethal aerosol challenge of mice with highly pathogenic EEEV. These studies provide insight into the molecular basis for the neutralizing human antibody response against EEEV and can facilitate development of vaccines and candidate antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Theron Gilliland
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 165261, USA
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elad Binshtein
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel S Nargi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Clarissa L Durie
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erica Armstrong
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lauren M Walker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Arthur S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melanie D Ohi
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 165261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 165261, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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22
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Soeda Y, Takashima A. New Insights Into Drug Discovery Targeting Tau Protein. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:590896. [PMID: 33343298 PMCID: PMC7744460 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.590896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is characterized by the fact that it is an intrinsically disordered protein due to its lack of a stable conformation and high flexibility. Intracellular inclusions of fibrillar forms of tau with a β-sheet structure accumulate in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Accordingly, detachment of tau from microtubules and transition of tau from a disordered state to an abnormally aggregated state are essential events preceding the onset of tau-related diseases. Many reports have shown that this transition is caused by post-translational modifications, including hyperphosphorylation and acetylation. The misfolded tau is self-assembled and forms a tau oligomer before the appearance of tau inclusions. Animal and pathological studies using human samples have demonstrated that tau oligomer formation contributes to neuronal loss. During the progression of tauopathies, tau seeds are released from cells and incorporated into other cells, leading to the propagation of pathological tau aggregation. Accumulating evidence suggests several potential approaches for blocking tau-mediated toxicity: (1) direct inhibition of pathological tau aggregation and (2) inhibition of tau post-translational modifications that occur prior to pathological tau aggregation, (3) inhibition of tau propagation and (4) stabilization of microtubules. In addition to traditional low-molecular-weight compounds, newer drug discovery approaches such as the development of medium-molecular-weight drugs (peptide- or oligonucleotide-based drugs) and high-molecular-weight drugs (antibody-based drugs) provide alternative pathways to preventing the formation of abnormal tau. Of particular interest are recent studies suggesting that tau droplet formation by liquid-liquid phase separation may be the initial step in aberrant tau aggregation, as well results that implicate roles for tau in dendritic and nuclear functions. Here, we review the mechanisms through which drugs can target tau and consider recent clinical trials for the treatment of tauopathies. In addition, we discuss the utility of these newer strategies and propose future directions for research on tau-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Soeda
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Rosenbaum MI, Clemmensen LS, Bredt DS, Bettler B, Strømgaard K. Targeting receptor complexes: a new dimension in drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:884-901. [PMID: 33177699 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting receptor proteins, such as ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors, has directly enabled the discovery of most drugs developed to modulate receptor signalling. However, as the search for novel and improved drugs continues, an innovative approach - targeting receptor complexes - is emerging. Receptor complexes are composed of core receptor proteins and receptor-associated proteins, which have profound effects on the overall receptor structure, function and localization. Hence, targeting key protein-protein interactions within receptor complexes provides an opportunity to develop more selective drugs with fewer side effects. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of ligand-gated ion channel and G protein-coupled receptor complexes and discuss strategies for their pharmacological modulation. Although such strategies are still in preclinical development for most receptor complexes, they exemplify how receptor complexes can be drugged, and lay the groundwork for this nascent area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ishøy Rosenbaum
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise S Clemmensen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David S Bredt
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Involvement of the central nervous system in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: opinions on molecular mechanisms and clinical implications based on recent data. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:173-187. [PMID: 31970588 PMCID: PMC7098933 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. One of the major clinical challenges is adequate diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in this disease. Intriguingly, there is little solid evidence on the mechanisms sustaining CNS disease in ALL. Here, we present and discuss recent data on this topic, which are mainly derived from preclinical model systems. We thereby highlight sites and routes of leukemic CNS infiltration, cellular features promoting infiltration and survival of leukemic cells in a presumably hostile niche, and dormancy as a potential mechanism of survival and relapse in CNS leukemia. We also focus on the impact of ALL cytogenetic subtypes on features associated with a particular CNS tropism. Finally, we speculate on new perspectives in the treatment of ALL in the CNS, including ideas on the impact of novel immunotherapies.
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25
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Wang A, Rojas O, Lee D, Gommerman JL. Regulation of neuroinflammation by B cells and plasma cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 299:45-60. [PMID: 33107072 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable success of anti-CD20 B cell depletion therapies in reducing the burden of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease has prompted significant interest in how B cells contribute to neuroinflammation. Most focus has been on identifying pathogenic CD20+ B cells. However, an increasing number of studies have also identified regulatory functions of B lineage cells, particularly the production of IL-10, as being associated with disease remission in anti-CD20-treated MS patients. Moreover, IL-10-producing B cells have been linked to the attenuation of inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. In addition to IL-10-producing B cells, antibody-producing plasma cells (PCs) have also been implicated in suppressing neuroinflammation. This review will examine regulatory roles for B cells and PCs in MS and EAE. In addition, we speculate on the involvement of regulatory PCs and the cytokine BAFF in the context of anti-CD20 treatment. Lastly, we explore how the microbiota could influence anti-inflammatory B cell behavior. A better understanding of the contributions of different B cell subsets to the regulation of neuroinflammation, and factors that impact the development, maintenance, and migration of such subsets, will be important for rationalizing next-generation B cell-directed therapies for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olga Rojas
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis Lee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Mabbott NA, Bradford BM, Pal R, Young R, Donaldson DS. The Effects of Immune System Modulation on Prion Disease Susceptibility and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7299. [PMID: 33023255 PMCID: PMC7582561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a unique group of infectious chronic neurodegenerative disorders to which there are no cures. Although prion infections do not stimulate adaptive immune responses in infected individuals, the actions of certain immune cell populations can have a significant impact on disease pathogenesis. After infection, the targeting of peripherally-acquired prions to specific immune cells in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), such as the lymph nodes and spleen, is essential for the efficient transmission of disease to the brain. Once the prions reach the brain, interactions with other immune cell populations can provide either host protection or accelerate the neurodegeneration. In this review, we provide a detailed account of how factors such as inflammation, ageing and pathogen co-infection can affect prion disease pathogenesis and susceptibility. For example, we discuss how changes to the abundance, function and activation status of specific immune cell populations can affect the transmission of prion diseases by peripheral routes. We also describe how the effects of systemic inflammation on certain glial cell subsets in the brains of infected individuals can accelerate the neurodegeneration. A detailed understanding of the factors that affect prion disease transmission and pathogenesis is essential for the development of novel intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A. Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (B.M.B.); (R.P.); (R.Y.); (D.S.D.)
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27
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Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Rask-Andersen M, Schiöth HB. Soluble ligands as drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:695-710. [PMID: 32873970 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the main classes of drug targets have been receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transporters. However, owing largely to the rise of antibody-based therapies in the past two decades, soluble protein ligands such as inflammatory cytokines have become an increasingly important class of drug targets. In this Review, we analyse drugs targeting ligands that have reached clinical development at some point since 1992. We identify 291 drugs that target 99 unique ligands, and we discuss trends in the characteristics of the ligands, drugs and indications for which they have been tested. In the last 5 years, the number of ligand-targeting drugs approved by the FDA has doubled to 34, while the number of clinically validated ligand targets has doubled to 22. Cytokines and growth factors are the predominant types of targeted ligands (70%), and inflammation and autoimmune disorders, cancer and ophthalmological diseases are the top therapeutic areas for both approved agents and agents in clinical studies, reflecting the central role of cytokine and/or growth factor pathways in such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty M Attwood
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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28
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Tran VL, Novell A, Tournier N, Gerstenmayer M, Schweitzer-Chaput A, Mateos C, Jego B, Bouleau A, Nozach H, Winkeler A, Kuhnast B, Larrat B, Truillet C. Impact of blood-brain barrier permeabilization induced by ultrasound associated to microbubbles on the brain delivery and kinetics of cetuximab: An immunoPET study using 89Zr-cetuximab. J Control Release 2020; 328:304-312. [PMID: 32860928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), involved in cell proliferation and migration, is overexpressed in ~50% of glioblastomas. Anti-EGFR based strategies using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) such as cetuximab (CTX) have been proposed for central nervous system (CNS) cancer therapy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) drastically restricts their brain penetration which limits their efficacy for the treatment of glioblastomas. Herein, a longitudinal PET imaging study was performed to assess the relevance and the impact of focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated BBB permeabilization on the brain exposure to the anti-EGFR mAb CTX over time. For this purpose, FUS permeabilization process with microbubbles was applied on intact BBB mouse brain before the injection of 89Zr-labeled CTX for longitudinal imaging monitoring. FUS induced a dramatic increase in mAb penetration to the brain, 2 times higher compared to the intact BBB. The transfer of 89Zr-CTX from blood to the brain was rendered significant by FUS (kuptake = 1.3 ± 0.23 min-1 with FUS versus kuptake = 0 ± 0.006 min-1 without FUS). FUS allowed significant and prolonged exposure to mAb in the brain parenchyma. This study confirms the potential of FUS as a target delivery method for mAb in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Long Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Anthony Novell
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | | | | | - Claudia Mateos
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Benoit Jego
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Alizée Bouleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Hervé Nozach
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Benoit Larrat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin/BAOBAB, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay 91401, France.
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Combination of Alanine and Glutathione as Targeting Ligands of Nanoparticles Enhances Cargo Delivery into the Cells of the Neurovascular Unit. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070635. [PMID: 32645904 PMCID: PMC7407318 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficient drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and into target cells in the brain hinders the treatment of neurological diseases. One strategy to increase the brain penetration of drugs is to use vesicular nanoparticles functionalized with multiple ligands of BBB transporters as vehicles. Once within the brain, however, drugs must also be able to reach their therapeutic targets in the different cell types. It is, therefore, favorable if such nanocarriers are designed that can deliver their cargo not only to brain endothelial cells, but to other cell types as well. Here, we show that alanine-glutathione dual-targeting of niosomes enhances the delivery of a large protein cargo into cultured cells of the neurovascular unit, namely brain endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and neurons. Furthermore, using metabolic and endocytic inhibitors, we show that the cellular uptake of niosomes is energy-dependent and is partially mediated by endocytosis. Finally, we demonstate the ability of our targeted nanovesicles to deliver their cargo into astroglial cells after crossing the BBB in vitro. These data indicate that dual-labeling of nanoparticles with alanine and glutathione can potentially be exploited to deliver drugs, even biopharmacons, across the BBB and into multiple cell types in the brain.
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30
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Xie J, Gonzalez-Carter D, Tockary TA, Nakamura N, Xue Y, Nakakido M, Akiba H, Dirisala A, Liu X, Toh K, Yang T, Wang Z, Fukushima S, Li J, Quader S, Tsumoto K, Yokota T, Anraku Y, Kataoka K. Dual-Sensitive Nanomicelles Enhancing Systemic Delivery of Therapeutically Active Antibodies Specifically into the Brain. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6729-6742. [PMID: 32431145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Delivering therapeutic antibodies into the brain across the blood-brain barrier at a therapeutic level is a promising while challenging approach in the treatment of neurological disorders. Here, we present a polymeric nanomicelle (PM) system capable of delivering therapeutically effective levels of 3D6 antibody fragments (3D6-Fab) into the brain parenchyma for inhibiting Aβ aggregation. PM assembly was achieved by charge-converting 3D6-Fab through pH-sensitive citraconylation to allow complexation with reductive-sensitive cationic polymers. Brain targeting was achieved by functionalizing the PM surface with glucose molecules to allow interaction with recycling glucose transporter (Glut)-1 proteins. Consequently, 41-fold enhanced 3D6-Fab accumulation in the brain was achieved by using the PM system compared to free 3D6-Fab. Furthermore, therapeutic benefits were obtained by successfully inhibiting Aβ1-42 aggregation in Alzheimer's disease mice systemically treated with 3D6-Fab-loaded glucosylated PM. Hence, this nanocarrier system represents a promising method for effectively delivering functional antibody agents into the brain and treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Xie
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Carter
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Theofilus A Tockary
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yonger Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchun Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiba
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Xueying Liu
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazuko Toh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tao Yang
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Zengtao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchun Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shigeto Fukushima
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Junjie Li
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Cavaco M, Valle J, da Silva R, Correia JD, Castanho MARB, Andreu D, Neves V. DPepH3, an Improved Peptide Shuttle for Receptor-independent Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1495-1506. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213094556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:The use of peptides as drug carriers across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has increased significantly during the last decades. PepH3, a seven residue sequence (AGILKRW) derived from the α-helical domain of the dengue virus type-2 capsid protein, translocates across the BBB with very low toxicity. Somehow predictably from its size and sequence, PepH3 is degraded in serum relatively fast. Among strategies to increase peptide half-life (t1/2), the use of the enantiomer (wholly made of D-amino acid residues) can be quite successful if the peptide interacts with a target in non-stereospecific fashion.Methods:The goal of this work was the development of a more proteolytic-resistant peptide, while keeping the translocation properties. The serum stability, cytotoxicity, in vitro BBB translocation, and internalization mechanism of DPepH3 was assessed and compared to the native peptide.Results:DPepH3 demonstrates a much longer t1/2 compared to PepH3. We also confirm that BBB translocation is receptor-independent, which fully validates the enantiomer strategy chosen. In fact, we demonstrate that internalization occurs trough macropinocytosis. In addition, the enantiomer demonstrates to be non-cytotoxic towards endothelial cells as PepH3.Conclusion:DPepH3 shows excellent translocation and internalization properties, safety, and improved stability. Taken together, our results place DPepH3 at the forefront of the second generation of BBB shuttles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Javier Valle
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben da Silva
- Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D.G. Correia
- Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. R. B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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32
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Cavaco M, Gaspar D, ARB Castanho M, Neves V. Antibodies for the Treatment of Brain Metastases, a Dream or a Reality? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E62. [PMID: 31940974 PMCID: PMC7023012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases (BM) in cancer patients is increasing. After diagnosis, overall survival (OS) is poor, elicited by the lack of an effective treatment. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating both hematologic and non-central-nervous system (CNS) tumors due to their inherent targeting specificity. However, the use of mAbs in the treatment of CNS tumors is restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that hinders the delivery of either small-molecules drugs (sMDs) or therapeutic proteins (TPs). To overcome this limitation, active research is focused on the development of strategies to deliver TPs and increase their concentration in the brain. Yet, their molecular weight and hydrophilic nature turn this task into a challenge. The use of BBB peptide shuttles is an elegant strategy. They explore either receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) or adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) to cross the BBB. The latter is preferable since it avoids enzymatic degradation, receptor saturation, and competition with natural receptor substrates, which reduces adverse events. Therefore, the combination of mAbs properties (e.g., selectivity and long half-life) with BBB peptide shuttles (e.g., BBB translocation and delivery into the brain) turns the therapeutic conjugate in a valid approach to safely overcome the BBB and efficiently eliminate metastatic brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel ARB Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.C.); (D.G.)
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34
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Foss S, Bottermann M, Jonsson A, Sandlie I, James LC, Andersen JT. TRIM21-From Intracellular Immunity to Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2049. [PMID: 31555278 PMCID: PMC6722209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase and antibody receptor that provides a last line of defense against invading viruses. It does so by acting as a sensor that intercepts antibody-coated viruses that have evaded extracellular neutralization and breached the cell membrane. Upon engagement of the Fc of antibodies bound to viruses, TRIM21 triggers a coordinated effector and signaling response that prevents viral replication while at the same time inducing an anti-viral cellular state. This dual effector function is tightly regulated by auto-ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Therapeutically, TRIM21 has been shown to be detrimental in adenovirus based gene therapy, while it may be favorably utilized to prevent tau aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, TRIM21 may synergize with the complement system to block viral replication as well as transgene expression. TRIM21 can also be utilized as a research tool to deplete specific proteins in cells and zebrafish embryos. Here, we review our current biological understanding of TRIM21 in light of its versatile functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Foss
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Bottermann
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Jonsson
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leo C James
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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35
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The application of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in CNS drug development. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:354-365. [PMID: 30259405 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As drug discovery and development in Neuroscience push beyond symptom management to disease modification, neuroimaging becomes a key area of translational research that enables measurements of the presence of drugs and downstream physiological consequences of drug action within the living brain. As such, neuroimaging can be used to help optimize decision-making processes throughout the various phases of drug development. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that allows the quantification and visualization of biochemical processes, by monitoring the time dependent distribution of molecules labelled with short-lived positron-emitting isotopes. This review focuses on the application of PET to support CNS drug development, particularly in the early clinical phases, by allowing us to measure tissue exposure, target engagement, and pharmacological activity. We will also discuss the application of PET imaging as tools to image the pathological hallmarks of disease and evaluate the potential disease-modifying effect of candidate drugs in slowing disease progression.
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36
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Osherov M, Milo R. B Cell-based Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis. EMERGING DRUGS AND TARGETS FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016070-00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The traditional view of multiple sclerosis (MS) as a T cell mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) has evolved into a concept of an immune-mediated disease where complex bi-directional interactions between T cells, B cells and myeloid cells underlie and shape CNS-directed autoimmunity. B cells are now recognized as major contributors to the pathogenesis of MS, largely due to increased understanding of their biology and the profound anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated by B cell depletion in MS. In this chapter we discuss the fundamental roles B cells play in the pathogenesis of MS and review current and future therapeutic strategies targeting B cells in MS, including B cell depletion with various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the B cell surface markers CD20 and CD19, anti-B cell cytokine therapies, blocking Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in B cells, and various immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects exerted on B cells by virtually all other approved therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Osherov
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai University Medical Center 2 Hahistadrut St. Ashkelon 7830604 Israel
| | - Ron Milo
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai University Medical Center 2 Hahistadrut St. Ashkelon 7830604 Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel
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Chang HY, Wu S, Meno-Tetang G, Shah DK. A translational platform PBPK model for antibody disposition in the brain. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2019; 46:319-338. [PMID: 31115858 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-019-09641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we have presented the development of a novel platform physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize brain disposition of mAbs in the mouse, rat, monkey and human. The model accounts for known anatomy and physiology of the brain, including the presence of distinct blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. CSF and interstitial fluid turnover, and FcRn mediated transport of mAbs are accounted for. The model was first used to characterize published and in-house pharmacokinetic (PK) data on the disposition of mAbs in rat brain, including the data on PK of mAb in different regions of brain determined using microdialysis. Majority of model parameters were fixed based on literature reported values, and only 3 parameters were estimated using rat data. The rat PBPK model was translated to mouse, monkey, and human, simply by changing the values of physiological parameters corresponding to each species. The translated PBPK models were validated by a priori predicting brain PK of mAbs in all three species, and comparing predicted exposures with observed data. The platform PBPK model was able to a priori predict all the validation PK profiles reasonably well (within threefold), without estimating any parameters. As such, the platform PBPK model presented here provides an unprecedented quantitative tool for prediction of mAb PK at the site-of-action in the brain, and preclinical-to-clinical translation of mAbs being developed against central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The proposed model can be further expanded to account for target engagement, disease pathophysiology, and novel mechanisms, to support discovery and development of novel CNS targeting mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yuan Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Shengjia Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Guy Meno-Tetang
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology/PK-PD, Modeling & Simulation, Immunology/Inflammation, UCB Pharmaceuticals, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.
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Negron A, Robinson RR, Stüve O, Forsthuber TG. The role of B cells in multiple sclerosis: Current and future therapies. Cell Immunol 2018; 339:10-23. [PMID: 31130183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While it was long held that T cells were the primary mediators of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, the beneficial effects observed in response to treatment with Rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting CD20, shed light on a key contributor to MS that had been previously underappreciated: B cells. This has been reaffirmed by results from clinical trials testing the efficacy of subsequently developed B cell-depleting mAbs targeting CD20 as well as studies revisiting the effects of previous disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on B cell subsets thought to modulate disease severity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the complex roles of B cells in MS pathogenesis and current and potential future B cell-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Negron
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Rachel R Robinson
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, USA
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Aguiar S, Dias J, Manuel AM, Russo R, Gois PMP, da Silva FA, Goncalves J. Chimeric Small Antibody Fragments as Strategy to Deliver Therapeutic Payloads. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:143-182. [PMID: 29680236 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an innovative class of biopharmaceuticals, which aim at achieving a site-specific delivery of cytotoxic agents to the target cell. The use of ADCs represents a promising strategy to overcome the disadvantages of conventional pharmacotherapy of cancer or neurological diseases, based on cytotoxic or immunomodulatory agents. ADCs consist of monoclonal antibodies attached to biologically active drugs by means of cleavable chemical linkers. Advances in technologies for the coupling of antibodies to cytotoxic drugs promise to deliver greater control of drug pharmacokinetic properties and to significantly improve pharmacodelivery applications, minimizing exposure of healthy tissue. The clinical success of brentuximab vedotin and trastuzumab emtansine has led to an extensive expansion of the clinical ADC pipeline. Although the concept of an ADC seems simple, designing a successful ADC is complex and requires careful selection of the receptor antigen, antibody, linker, and payload. In this review, we explore insights in the antibody and antigen requirements needed for optimal payload delivery and support the development of novel and improved ADCs for the treatment of cancer and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aguiar
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Dias
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Manuel
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Roberto Russo
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico A da Silva
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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40
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Finke JM, Banks WA. Modulators of IgG penetration through the blood-brain barrier: Implications for Alzheimer's disease immunotherapy. Hum Antibodies 2018; 25:131-146. [PMID: 28035915 DOI: 10.3233/hab-160306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review serves to highlight approaches that may improve the access of antibody drugs to regions of the brain affected by Alzheimer's Disease. While previous antibody drugs have been unsuccessful in treating Alzheimer's disease, recent work demonstrates that Alzheimer's pathology can be modified if these drugs can penetrate the brain parenchyma with greater efficacy. Research in antibody blood-brain barrier drug delivery predominantly follows one of three distinct directions: (1) enhancing influx with reduced antibody size, addition of Trojan horse modules, or blood-brain barrier disruption; (2) modulating trancytotic equilibrium and/or kinetics of the neonatal Fc Receptor; and (3) manipulation of antibody glycan carbohydrate composition. In addition to these topics, recent studies are discussed that reveal a role of glycan sialic acid in suppressing antibody efflux from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Finke
- Division of Sciences and Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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41
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Zheng M, Tao W, Zou Y, Farokhzad OC, Shi B. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for siRNA Brain Delivery for Disease Therapy. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:562-575. [PMID: 29422412 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based gene silencing technology has demonstrated significant potential for treating brain-associated diseases. However, effective and safe systemic delivery of siRNA into the brain remains challenging because of biological barriers such as enzymatic degradation, short circulation lifetime, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), insufficient tissue penetration, cell endocytosis, and cytosolic transport. Nanotechnology offers intriguing potential for addressing these challenges in siRNA brain delivery in conjunction with chemical and biological modification strategies. In this review, we outline the challenges of systemic delivery of siRNA-based therapy for brain diseases, highlight recent advances in the development and engineering of siRNA nanomedicines for various brain diseases, and discuss our perspectives on this exciting research field for siRNA-based therapy towards more effective brain disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Zou
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bingyang Shi
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
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Ha HJ, Kang DW, Kim HM, Kang JM, Ann J, Hyun HJ, Lee JH, Kim SH, Kim H, Choi K, Hong HS, Kim Y, Jo DG, Lee J, Lee J. Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Benzofuran Analogue That Serves as a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2017; 61:396-402. [PMID: 29161514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed an orally active and blood-brain-barrier-permeable benzofuran analogue (8, MDR-1339) with potent antiaggregation activity. Compound 8 restored cellular viability from Aβ-induced cytotoxicity but also improved the learning and memory function of AD model mice by reducing the Aβ aggregates in the brains. Given the high bioavailability and brain permeability demonstrated in our pharmacokinetic studies, 8 will provide a novel scaffold for an Aβ-aggregation inhibitor that may offer an alternative treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Ha
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15426, Republic of Korea.,School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Min Kim
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Jung Hyun
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical , 72 Dugye-ro, Pogok-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17028, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Lee
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical , 72 Dugye-ro, Pogok-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17028, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hee Kim
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical , 72 Dugye-ro, Pogok-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17028, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kim
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15426, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Choi
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15426, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Hong
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15426, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungHo Kim
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15426, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University , 76 Dobong-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Maljevic S, Reid CA, Petrou S. Models for discovery of targeted therapy in genetic epileptic encephalopathies. J Neurochem 2017; 143:30-48. [PMID: 28742937 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic encephalopathies are severe disorders emerging in the first days to years of life that commonly include refractory seizures, various types of movement disorders, and different levels of developmental delay. In recent years, many de novo occurring variants have been identified in individuals with these devastating disorders. To unravel disease mechanisms, the functional impact of detected variants associated with epileptic encephalopathies is investigated in a range of cellular and animal models. This review addresses efforts to advance and use such models to identify specific molecular and cellular targets for the development of novel therapies. We focus on ion channels as the best-studied group of epilepsy genes. Given the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of epileptic encephalopathy disorders, experimental models that can reflect this complexity are critical for the development of disease mechanisms-based targeted therapy. The convergence of technological advances in gene sequencing, stem cell biology, genome editing, and high throughput functional screening together with massive unmet clinical needs provides unprecedented opportunities and imperatives for precision medicine in epileptic encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Maljevic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Routes for Drug Translocation Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Exploiting Peptides as Delivery Vectors. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2326-2334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug delivery to the brain is a major roadblock to treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Recent results of the PRIME study indicate that increasing brain penetration of antibody drugs improves Alzheimer's treatment outcomes. New approaches are needed to better accomplish this goal. Based on prior evidence, the hypothesis that glycan modification alters antibody blood-brain barrier permeability was tested here. METHODS The blood-brain barrier permeability coefficient Pe of different glycosylated states of anti-amyloid IgG was measured using in vitro models of brain microvascular endothelial cells. Monoclonal antibodies 4G8, with sialic acid, and 6E10, lacking sialic acid, were studied. The amount of sialic acid was determined using quantitative and semi-quantitative surface plasmon resonance methods. RESULTS Influx of IgG was not saturable and was largely insensitive to IgG species and glycosylation state. By contrast, efflux of 4G8 efflux was significantly lower than both albumin controls and 6E10. Removal of α2,6-linked sialic acid group present on 12% of 4G8 completely restored efflux to that of 6E10 but increasing the α2,6-sialylated fraction to 15% resulted in no change. Removal of the Fc glycan from 4G8 partially restored efflux. Alternate sialic acid groups with α2,3 and α2,8 linkages, nor on the Fc glycan, were not detected at significant levels on either 4G8 or 6E10. CONCLUSIONS These results support a model in which surface-sialylated 4G8 inhibits its own efflux and that of asialylated 4G8. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Glycan modification has the potential to increase antibody drug penetration into the brain through efflux inhibition.
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46
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Hollevoet K, Declerck PJ. State of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer. J Transl Med 2017; 15:131. [PMID: 28592330 PMCID: PMC5463339 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of today's most successful therapeutic classes in inflammatory diseases and oncology. A wider accessibility and implementation, however, is hampered by the high product cost and prolonged need for frequent administration. The surge in more effective mAb combination therapies further adds to the costs and risk of toxicity. To address these issues, antibody gene transfer seeks to administer to patients the mAb-encoding nucleotide sequence, rather than the mAb protein. This allows the body to produce its own medicine in a cost- and labor-effective manner, for a prolonged period of time. Expressed mAbs can be secreted systemically or locally, depending on the production site. The current review outlines the state of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer, thereby highlighting recent innovations, opportunities and remaining hurdles. Different expression platforms and a multitude of administration sites have been pursued. Viral vector-mediated mAb expression thereby made the most significant strides. Therapeutic proof of concept has been demonstrated in mice and non-human primates, and intramuscular vectored mAb therapy is under clinical evaluation. However, viral vectors face limitations, particularly in terms of immunogenicity. In recent years, naked DNA has gained ground as an alternative. Attained serum mAb titers in mice, however, remain far below those obtained with viral vectors, and robust pharmacokinetic data in larger animals is limited. The broad translatability of DNA-based antibody therapy remains uncertain, despite ongoing evaluation in patients. RNA presents another emerging platform for antibody gene transfer. Early reports in mice show that mRNA may be able to rival with viral vectors in terms of generated serum mAb titers, although expression appears more short-lived. Overall, substantial progress has been made in the clinical translation of antibody gene transfer. While challenges persist, clinical prospects are amplified by ongoing innovations and the versatility of antibody gene transfer. Clinical introduction can be expedited by selecting the platform approach currently best suited for the mAb or disease of interest. Innovations in expression platform, administration and antibody technology are expected to further improve overall safety and efficacy, and unlock the vast clinical potential of antibody gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Neves V, Aires-da-Silva F, Morais M, Gano L, Ribeiro E, Pinto A, Aguiar S, Gaspar D, Fernandes C, Correia JDG, Castanho MARB. Novel Peptides Derived from Dengue Virus Capsid Protein Translocate Reversibly the Blood-Brain Barrier through a Receptor-Free Mechanism. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1257-1268. [PMID: 28263555 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic molecules to the central nervous system is hampered by poor delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Several strategies have been proposed to enhance transport into the brain, including invasive techniques and receptor-mediated transport (RMT). Both approaches have several drawbacks, such as BBB disruption, receptor saturation, and off-target effects, raising safety issues. Herein, we show that specific domains of Dengue virus type 2 capsid protein (DEN2C) can be used as trans-BBB peptide vectors. Their mechanism of translocation is receptor-independent and consistent with adsorptive-mediated transport (AMT). One peptide in particular, named PepH3, reaches equilibrium distribution concentrations across the BBB in less than 24 h in a cellular in vitro assay. Importantly, in vivo biodistribution data with radiolabeled peptide derivatives show high brain penetration. In addition, there is fast clearance from the brain and high levels of excretion, showing that PepH3 is a very good candidate to be used as a peptide shuttle taking cargo in and out of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Neves
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico Aires-da-Silva
- CIISA
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maurício Morais
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional
10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional
10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ribeiro
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional
10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Antónia Pinto
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Aguiar
- CIISA
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional
10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional
10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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