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Yao R, Liu H, Wang J, Shi S, Zhao G, Zhou X. Cytological structures and physiological and biochemical characteristics of covered oat (Avena sativa L.) and naked oat (Avena nuda L.) seeds during high-temperature artificial aging. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:530. [PMID: 38862888 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed aging, a natural and inevitable process occurring during storage. Oats, an annual herb belonging to the Gramineae family and pooideae. In addition to being a healthy food, oats serve as ecological pastures, combating soil salinization and desertification. They also play a role in promoting grassland agriculture and supplementing winter livestock feed. However, the high lipid and fat derivatives contents of oat seeds make them susceptible to deterioration, as fat derivatives are prone to rancidity, affecting oat seed production, storage, development, and germplasm resource utilization. Comparative studies on the effects of aging on physiology and cytological structure in covered and naked oat seeds are limited. Thus, our study aimed to determine the mechanism underlying seed deterioration in artificially aged 'LongYan No. 3' (A. sativa) and 'BaiYan No. 2' (A. nuda) seeds, providing a basis for the physiological evaluation of oat seed aging and serving as a reference for scientifically safe storage and efficient utilization of oats. RESULTS In both oat varieties, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in seeds showed increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. Variance analysis revealed significant differences and interaction in all measured indicators of oat seeds between the two varieties at different aging times. 'LongYan No. 3' seeds, aged for 24-96 h, exhibited a germination rate of < 30%, Conductivity, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, and soluble protein levels increased more significantly than the 'BaiYan No. 2'. With prolonged aging leading to cell membrane degradation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, disrupted antioxidant enzyme system, evident embryo cell swelling, and disordered cell arrangement, blocking the nutrient supply route. Simultaneously, severely concentrated chromatin in the nucleus, damaged mitochondrial structure, and impaired energy metabolism were noted, resulting in the loss of 'LongYan No. 3' seed vitality and value. Conversely, 'BaiYan No. 2' seeds showed a germination rate of 73.33% after 96 h of aging, consistently higher antioxidant enzyme activity during aging, normal embryonic cell shape, and existence of the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme system damage in aged oat seeds, nuclear chromatin condensation, mitochondrial structure damage, nucleic acid metabolism and respiration weakened, oat seed vigor decreased. 'LongYan No. 3' seeds were more severely damaged under artificial aging than 'BaiYan No. 2' seeds, highlighting their heightened susceptibility to aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiangrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Li X, Xu Y, Zhang J, Xu K, Zheng X, Luo J, Lu J. Integrative physiology and transcriptome reveal salt-tolerance differences between two licorice species: Ion transport, Casparian strip formation and flavonoids biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:272. [PMID: 38605293 PMCID: PMC11007891 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. are both original plants of 'Gan Cao' in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and G. uralensis is currently the mainstream variety of licorice and has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Both of these species have shown some degree of tolerance to salinity, G. inflata exhibits higher salt tolerance than G. uralensis and can grow on saline meadow soils and crusty saline soils. However, the regulatory mechanism responsible for the differences in salt tolerance between different licorice species is unclear. Due to land area-related limitations, the excavation and cultivation of licorice varieties in saline-alkaline areas that both exhibit tolerance to salt and contain highly efficient active substances are needed. The systematic identification of the key genes and pathways associated with the differences in salt tolerance between these two licorice species will be beneficial for cultivating high-quality salt-tolerant licorice G. uralensis plant varieties and for the long-term development of the licorice industry. In this research, the differences in growth response indicators, ion accumulation, and transcription expression between the two licorice species were analyzed. RESULTS This research included a comprehensive comparison of growth response indicators, including biomass, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and total flavonoids content, between two distinct licorice species and an analysis of their ion content and transcriptome expression. In contrast to the result found for G. uralensis, the salt treatment of G. inflata ensured the stable accumulation of biomass and total flavonoids at 0.5 d, 15 d, and 30 d and the restriction of Na+ to the roots while allowing for more K+ and Ca2+ accumulation. Notably, despite the increase in the Na+ concentration in the roots, the MDA concentration remained low. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the regulatory effects of growth and ion transport on the two licorice species were strongly correlated with the following pathways and relevant DEGs: the TCA cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway involved in carbon metabolism; Casparian strip formation (lignin oxidation and translocation, suberin formation) in response to Na+; K+ and Ca2+ translocation, organic solute synthesis (arginine, polyamines, GABA) in response to osmotic stresses; and the biosynthesis of the nonenzymatic antioxidants carotenoids and flavonoids in response to antioxidant stress. Furthermore, the differential expression of the DEGs related to ABA signaling in hormone transduction and the regulation of transcription factors such as the HSF and GRAS families may be associated with the remarkable salt tolerance of G. inflata. CONCLUSION Compared with G. uralensis, G. inflata exhibits greater salt tolerance, which is primarily attributable to factors related to carbon metabolism, endodermal barrier formation and development, K+ and Ca2+ transport, biosynthesis of carotenoids and flavonoids, and regulation of signal transduction pathways and salt-responsive transcription factors. The formation of the Casparian strip, especially the transport and oxidation of lignin precursors, is likely the primary reason for the markedly higher amount of Na+ in the roots of G. inflata than in those of G. uralensis. The tendency of G. inflata to maintain low MDA levels in its roots under such conditions is closely related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and carotenoids and the maintenance of the osmotic balance in roots by the absorption of more K+ and Ca2+ to meet growth needs. These findings may provide new insights for developing and cultivating G. uralensis plant species selected for cultivation in saline environments or soils managed through agronomic practices that involve the use of water with a high salt content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiade Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xuerong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiafen Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Luo H, Win CS, Lee DH, He L, Yu JM. Microbacterium azadirachtae CNUC13 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Maize by Modulating Osmotic and Oxidative Stress. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:244. [PMID: 38666856 PMCID: PMC11048422 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the leading threats to global ecosystems, food security, and crop production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are potential bioinoculants that offer an alternative eco-friendly agricultural approach to enhance crop productivity from salt-deteriorating lands. The current work presents bacterial strain CNUC13 from maize rhizosphere soil that exerted several PGPR traits and abiotic stress tolerance. The strain tolerated up to 1000 mM NaCl and 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and showed plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore as well as phosphate solubilization. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain CNUC13 was Microbacterium azadirachtae. Maize plants exposed to high salinity exhibited osmotic and oxidative stresses, inhibition of seed germination, plant growth, and reduction in photosynthetic pigments. However, maize seedlings inoculated with strain CNUC13 resulted in significantly improved germination rates and seedling growth under the salt-stressed condition. Specifically, compared with the untreated control group, CNUC13-treated seedlings exhibited increased biomass, including fresh weight and root system proliferation. CNUC13 treatment also enhanced photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), reduced the accumulation of osmotic (proline) and oxidative (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) stress indicators, and positively influenced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase). As a result, CNUC13 treatment alleviated oxidative stress and promoted salt tolerance in maize. Overall, this study demonstrates that M. azadirachtae CNUC13 significantly enhances the growth of salt-stressed maize seedlings by improving photosynthetic efficiency, osmotic regulators, oxidative stress resilience, and antioxidant enzyme activity. These findings emphasize the potential of utilizing M. azadirachtae CNUC13 as a bioinoculant to enhance salt stress tolerance in maize, providing an environmentally friendly approach to mitigate the negative effects of salinity and promote sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (C.S.W.); (D.H.L.); (L.H.)
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chaw Su Win
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (C.S.W.); (D.H.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (C.S.W.); (D.H.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Lin He
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (C.S.W.); (D.H.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Jun Myoung Yu
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.L.); (C.S.W.); (D.H.L.); (L.H.)
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Shuyskaya E, Rakhmankulova Z, Prokofieva M, Lunkova N, Voronin P. Salinity Mitigates the Negative Effect of Elevated Temperatures on Photosynthesis in the C 3-C 4 Intermediate Species Sedobassia sedoides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:800. [PMID: 38592796 PMCID: PMC10976079 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The adaptation of plants to combined stresses requires unique responses capable of overcoming both the negative effects of each individual stress and their combination. Here, we studied the C3-C4 (C2) halophyte Sedobassia sedoides in response to elevated temperature (35 °C) and salinity (300 mM NaCl) as well as their combined effect. The responses we studied included changes in water-salt balance, light and dark photosynthetic reactions, the expression of photosynthetic genes, the activity of malate dehydrogenase complex enzymes, and the antioxidant system. Salt treatment led to altered water-salt balance, improved water use efficiency, and an increase in the abundance of key enzymes involved in intermediate C3-C4 photosynthesis (i.e., Rubisco and glycine decarboxylase). We also observed a possible increase in the activity of the C2 carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM), which allowed plants to maintain high photosynthesis intensity and biomass accumulation. Elevated temperatures caused an imbalance in the dark and light reactions of photosynthesis, leading to stromal overreduction and the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response, S. sedoides significantly activated a metabolic pathway for removing excess NADPH, the malate valve, which is catalyzed by NADP-MDH, without observable activation of the antioxidant system. The combined action of these two factors caused the activation of antioxidant defenses (i.e., increased activity of SOD and POX and upregulation of FDI), which led to a decrease in oxidative stress and helped restore the photosynthetic energy balance. Overall, improved PSII functioning and increased activity of PSI cyclic electron transport (CET) and C2 CCM led to an increase in the photosynthesis intensity of S. sedoides under the combined effect of salinity and elevated temperature relative to high temperature alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shuyskaya
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (M.P.); (N.L.); (P.V.)
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Omar SA, Ashokhan S, Abdul Majid N, Karsani SA, Lau BYC, Yaacob JS. Enhanced azadirachtin production in neem (Azadirachta indica) callus through NaCl elicitation: Insights into differential protein regulation via shotgun proteomics. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105778. [PMID: 38458685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
With their remarkable bioactivity and evolving commercial importance, plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) have gained significant research interest in recent years. Plant tissue culture serves as a credible tool to examine how abiotic stresses modulate the production of PSMs, enabling clear insights into plant stress responses and the prospects for controlled synthesis of bioactive compounds. Azadirachta indica, or neem has been recognized as a repository of secondary metabolites for centuries, particularly for the compound named azadirachtin, due to its bio-pesticidal and high antioxidant properties. Introducing salt stress as an elicitor makes it possible to enhance the synthesis of secondary metabolites, specifically azadirachtin. Thus, in this research, in vitro callus cultures of neem were micro-propagated and induced with salinity stress to explore their effects on the production of azadirachtin and identify potential proteins associated with salinity stress through comparative shotgun proteomics (LCMS/MS). To induce salinity stress, 2-month-old calli were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl (0.05-1.5%) for 4 weeks. The results showed that the callus cultures were able to adapt and survive in the salinity treatments, but displayed a reduction in fresh weight as the NaCl concentration increased. Notably, azadirachtin production was significantly enhanced in the salinity treatment compared to control, where 1.5% NaCl-treated calli produced the highest azadirachtin amount (10.847 ± 0.037 mg/g DW). The proteomics analysis showed that key proteins related to primary metabolism, such as defence, energy, cell structure, redox, transcriptional and photosynthesis, were predominantly differentially regulated (36 upregulated and 93 downregulated). While a few proteins were identified as being regulated in secondary metabolism, they were not directly involved in the synthesis of azadirachtin. In conjunction with azadirachtin elicitation, salinity stress treatment could therefore be successfully applied in commercial settings for the controlled synthesis of azadirachtin and other plant-based compounds. Further complementary omics approaches can be employed to enhance molecular-level modifications, to facilitate large-scale production of bioactive compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Ainnsyah Omar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmilla Ashokhan
- School of Biotechnology, MILA University, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Yii Chung Lau
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Jordine A, Retzlaff J, Gens L, Ehrt B, Fürtauer L, van Dongen JT. Introducing the halophyte Salicornia europaea to investigate combined impact of salt and tidal submergence conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23228. [PMID: 38388483 DOI: 10.1071/fp23228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Tolerance mechanisms to single abiotic stress events are being investigated in different plant species, but how plants deal with multiple stress factors occurring simultaneously is still poorly understood. Here, we introduce Salicornia europaea as a species with an extraordinary tolerance level to both flooding and high salt concentrations. Plants exposed to 0.5MNaCl (mimicking sea water concentrations) grew larger than plants not exposed to salt. Adding more salt reduced growth, but concentrations up to 2.5MNaCl were not lethal. Regular tidal flooding with salt water (0.5MNaCl) did not affect growth or chlorophyll fluorescence, whereas continuous flooding stopped growth while plants survived. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of plants exposed to 1% oxygen in air revealed induction of selected hypoxia responsive genes, but these genes were not induced during tidal flooding, suggesting that S. europaea did not experience hypoxic stress. Indeed, plants were able to transport oxygen into waterlogged soil. Interestingly, sequential exposure to salt and hypoxic air changed the expression of several but not all genes as compared to their expression upon hypoxia only, demonstrating the potential to use S . europaea to investigate signalling-crosstalk between tolerance reactions to multiple environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Jordine
- Institute of Biology I, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Julia Retzlaff
- Institute of Biology I, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Lina Gens
- Institute of Biology I, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Brigitta Ehrt
- Institute of Biology I, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Institute of Biology III, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Lin Z, Yi X, Ali MM, Zhang L, Wang S, Tian S, Chen F. RNAi-Mediated Suppression of OsBBTI5 Promotes Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1284. [PMID: 38279284 PMCID: PMC10816146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of RNAi in terms of selectively inhibiting the expression of the OsBBTI5 gene, with the primary objective of uncovering its involvement in the molecular mechanisms associated with salt tolerance in rice. OsBBTI5, belonging to the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) family gene, is known for its involvement in plant stress responses. The gene was successfully cloned from rice, exhibiting transcriptional self-activation in yeast. A yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed its specific binding to OsAPX2 (an ascorbate peroxidase gene). Transgenic OsBBTI5-RNAi plants displayed insensitivity to varying concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide in the brassinosteroid sensitivity assay. However, they showed reduced root and plant height at high concentrations (10 and 100 µM) of GA3 immersion. Enzyme activity assays revealed increased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under 40-60 mM NaCl. Transcriptomic analysis indicated a significant upregulation of photosynthesis-related genes in transgenic plants under salt stress compared to the wild type. Notably, this study provides novel insights, suggesting that the BBI gene is part of the BR signaling pathway, and that OsBBTI5 potentially enhances stress tolerance in transgenic plants through interaction with the salt stress-related gene OsAPX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lin
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Shaojuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Shengnan Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.Y.); (M.M.A.); (L.Z.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
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Avalbaev A, Fedyaev V, Lubyanova A, Yuldashev R, Allagulova C. 24-Epibrassinolide Reduces Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress by Modulating the Antioxidant System and Respiration in Wheat Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38256702 PMCID: PMC10818601 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) represent a group of plant signaling molecules with a steroidal skeleton that play an essential role in plant adaptation to different environmental stresses, including drought. In this work, the effect of pretreatment with 0.4 µM 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the oxidant/antioxidant system in 4-day-old wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied under moderate drought stress simulated by 12% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). It was revealed that EBR-pretreatment had a protective effect on wheat plants as evidenced by the maintenance of their growth rate, as well as the reduction in lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage from plant tissues under drought conditions. This effect was likely due to the ability of EBR to reduce the stress-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, EBR pretreatment enhanced proline accumulation and increased the barrier properties of the cell walls in seedlings by accelerating the lignin deposition. Moreover, the ability of EBR to prevent a drought-caused increase in the intensity of the total dark respiration and the capacity of alternative respiration contributes significantly to the antistress action of this hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azamat Avalbaev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia; (A.L.); (R.Y.); (C.A.)
| | - Vadim Fedyaev
- Institute of Nature and Human, Ufa University of Sciences and Technology, 32 Zaki Validi, Ufa 450076, Russia;
| | - Alsu Lubyanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia; (A.L.); (R.Y.); (C.A.)
| | - Ruslan Yuldashev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia; (A.L.); (R.Y.); (C.A.)
| | - Chulpan Allagulova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia; (A.L.); (R.Y.); (C.A.)
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Martins TS, Da-Silva CJ, Shabala S, Striker GG, Carvalho IR, de Oliveira ACB, do Amarante L. Understanding plant responses to saline waterlogging: insights from halophytes and implications for crop tolerance. PLANTA 2023; 259:24. [PMID: 38108902 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Saline and wet environments stress most plants, reducing growth and yield. Halophytes adapt with ion regulation, energy maintenance, and antioxidants. Understanding these mechanisms aids in breeding resilient crops for climate change. Waterlogging and salinity are two abiotic stresses that have a major negative impact on crop growth and yield. These conditions cause osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, as well as energy deprivation, thus impairing plant growth and development. Although few crop species can tolerate the combination of salinity and waterlogging, halophytes are plant species that exhibit high tolerance to these conditions due to their morphological, anatomical, and metabolic adaptations. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms employed by plants exposed to saline waterlogging, intending to understand the mechanistic basis of their ion homeostasis. We summarize the knowledge of transporters and channels involved in ion accumulation and exclusion, and how they are modulated to prevent cytosolic toxicity. In addition, we discuss how reactive oxygen species production and cell signaling enhance ion transport and aerenchyma formation, and how plants exposed to saline waterlogging can control oxidative stress. We also address the morphological and anatomical modifications that plants undergo in response to combined stress, including aerenchyma formation, root porosity, and other traits that help to mitigate stress. Furthermore, we discuss the peculiarities of halophyte plants and their features that can be leveraged to improve crop yields in areas prone to saline waterlogging. This review provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of plant adaptation to saline waterlogging thus paving the path for future research on crop breeding and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires S Martins
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane J Da-Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil.
- Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University, Raleigh, USA.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Ivan R Carvalho
- Departamento de Estudos Agrários, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano do Amarante
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, Brazil
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Guo S, Li Z, He M, Zhang Y, Li G, Han X, Yang G. Divergent patterns and drivers of leaf functional traits of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabulaeformis plantations along a precipitation gradient in the Loess plateau, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119318. [PMID: 37857219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Changes in precipitation patterns in arid and semi-arid regions can reshape plant functional traits and significantly affect ecosystem functions. However, the synchronous responses of leaf economical, anatomical, photosynthetic, and biochemical traits to precipitation changes and their driving factors have rarely been investigated, which hinders our understanding of plants' ecological adaptation strategies to drought tolerance in arid areas. Therefore, the leaf traits of two typical plantations (Robinia pseudoacacia, RP and Pinus tabulaeformis, PT) along the precipitation gradient in the Loess Plateau, including economical, anatomical, photosynthetic, and biochemical traits, were investigated in this study. The results show that the leaf photosynthetic traits of RP and PT increase along the precipitation gradient, whereas leaf biochemical traits decrease. The anatomical traits of PT decrease with increasing precipitation, whereas no significant variation was observed for RP. Random Forest analysis show that LNC, LDMC, Chl, and PRO are leaf traits that significantly vary with the precipitation gradient in both plantations. Correlation analysis reveals that the traits coordination of RP is better than that of PT. The LMG model was used to determine driving factors. The results suggest that MAP explains the variation of PT leaf traits better (30.38%-36.78%), whereas SCH and SPH contribute more to the variation of RP leaf traits (20.88%-41.76%). In addition, the piecewise Structural Equation Model shows that the climate and soil physical and chemical properties directly affect the selected leaf functional traits of RP, whereas only the soil chemical properties directly affect the selected leaf functional traits of PT. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the ecological adaptation of plants to environmental gradients and highlight that correlations among leaf traits should be considered when predicting plant adaptation strategies under future global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- A School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Zhenxia Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mengfan He
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Guixing Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinhui Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Gaihe Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
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11
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Dong Z, Huang J, Qi T, Fu Q, Meng A, Fu Y. Effects of Plant Regulators on the Seed Germination and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Cotton under Compound Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4112. [PMID: 38140439 PMCID: PMC10747209 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress significantly hampers cotton seed germination and seedling growth. Employing plant growth regulators stands out as an effective strategy to mitigate salt stress. In this study, we assessed the impact of varying concentrations of natural composite salt conditions (0%, 0.6%, and 1.2%) on cotton seed germination, seedling growth, and physiology. Additionally, we explored the effects of compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN: 2 mg·L-1 and 10 mg·L-1), 24-epibrassinolide (EBR: 0.02 mg·L-1 and 0.1 mg·L-1), and gibberellic acid (GA: 60 mg·L-1 and 300 mg·L-1), against a control (CK: distilled water) group. The results indicate that with an increase in the composite salt concentration, the germination potential (GP) and germination rate (GR) of cotton seeds gradually decrease. Simultaneously, the fresh weight and root vitality of seedlings also correspondingly decrease, while the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation increases. Under high-salt (1.2%) conditions, soaking treatments with CSN and EBR significantly enhance both GP (45-59% and 55-64%) and GR (30-33% and 39-36%) compared to the CK. However, the GA treatment does not increase the GP and GR of cotton. Moreover, under high-salt (1.2%) conditions, CSN and EBR treatments result in the increased activities of superoxide dismutase (56-66% and 71-80%), peroxidase (20-24% and 37-51%), and catalase (26-32% and 35-46%). Consequently, cotton exhibits a relatively good tolerance to natural composite salts. Soaking treatments with CSN and EBR effectively improve cotton germination by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby strengthening cotton's tolerance to salt stress. These findings offer new insights for enhancing the salt tolerance of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiduo Dong
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Z.D.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.)
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Z.D.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Tong Qi
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Z.D.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuping Fu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Ajing Meng
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Z.D.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yanbo Fu
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Z.D.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.)
- National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station, Aksu 843000, China
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12
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Pervaiz T, Park S, Rezk A, Hur M, Obenland D, Arpaia ML, El-kereamy A. Metabolomic analyses provide insights into the preharvest rind disorder in Satsuma Owari Mandarin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263354. [PMID: 37822340 PMCID: PMC10562707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruit's appearance is the primary criterion used to assess its quality for the fresh market, hence the rind's condition is a crucial quality trait. Pre-harvest rind disorder is one of the major physiological problems in mandarins. The disorder occurs right before harvest following rain events in some Mandarin varieties. Despite the economic damage caused by this kind of disorder, very limited information is available about the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of this disorder. In the present study, we evaluated the primary metabolites, antioxidants, and hormones associated with the pre-harvest rind disorder in Mandarins. The study was carried out using ten-year-old 'Owari' Satsuma mandarin trees grafted on 'Carrizo' rootstock and grown in a commercial orchard in San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. Samples were collected from healthy tissue of healthy fruit (HF_HT), healthy tissue of damaged fruit (DF_HT), and damaged tissue of damaged fruit (DF_DT). Damaged fruit (DF_HT and DF_DT) showed lower cellulose concentrations than healthy fruit tissues (HF_HT), however, had similar contents of pectin and hemicellulose. The antioxidant activities showed no significant difference in all paired comparisons between samples as expressed in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, DF_DT had a higher H2O2 content compared to HF_HT, but DF_HT had a similar content to that of HF_HT. Furthermore, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were increased in DF_DT compared to HF_HT (P = 0.0294) and DF_HT (P = 0.0044), respectively. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that a total of 76 metabolites were identified in Satsuma rind tissues, and the relative concentrations of 43 metabolites were significantly different across studied samples. The hormonal analysis showed the involvement of jasmonate O-methyltransferase, jasmonic acid-amido synthetase JAR1-like, and JA-isoleucine may key role in causing the rind disorder in mandarins. In addition, the damaged fruit tissues have a higher level of jasmonic acid (JA), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and JA-isoleucine than undamaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Suejin Park
- Department of Horticulture, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Alaaeldin Rezk
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - David Obenland
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, United States
| | - Mary Lu Arpaia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ashraf El-kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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13
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Kijowska-Oberc J, Dylewski Ł, Ratajczak E. Proline concentrations in seedlings of woody plants change with drought stress duration and are mediated by seed characteristics: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15157. [PMID: 37704656 PMCID: PMC10500006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline accumulation represents one of mechanisms used by plants to prevent the adverse consequences of water stress. The effects of increased proline levels in response to drought differ among species. Trees are exposed to the long-term effects of climate change. The reproductive success of species in a specific environment depends on the functional trait of tree seeds. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the proline concentrations in seedling leaf tissues of woody plant species and their relationships to drought duration, seed mass, seed category and coniferous/deciduous classification. Drought duration exhibited a nonlinear effect on proline accumulations. The drought effect on proline accumulations is greater for deciduous than for coniferous species and is higher for orthodox seed species than for recalcitrant. The seedlings of large-seeded species showed greater effect sizes than those of small-seeded species. Our results suggest that there is an optimum level at which proline accumulations under the influence of drought are the highest. A link between seed functional traits, as well as the coniferous/deciduous classification, and proline concentrations in tree seedlings during water stress were determined for the first time. Proline may help to identify high-quality seeds of trees used for reforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kijowska-Oberc
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Dylewski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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14
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Xu N, Lu B, Wang Y, Yu X, Yao N, Lin Q, Xu X, Lu B. Effects of salt stress on seed germination and respiratory metabolism in different Flueggea suffruticosa genotypes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15668. [PMID: 37483969 PMCID: PMC10362856 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection and utilization of ornamental plants that are highly tolerant to salt are helpful for landscape construction and the ecological protection of coastal and arid areas. To evaluate salt tolerance, one of the most used methods is the observation of seed germination under salt stress. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of NaCl in water absorption, germination, and respiratory metabolism in seeds of different Flueggea suffruticosa genotypes. P2 and P27, salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant line s of F. suffruticosa, were chosen for treatment with 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 mM NaCl. F. suffruticosa under salt stress exhibited inhibition of seed germination. The seeds of F. suffruticosa have different times for the physiological phases of water absorption with different NaCl concentrations. Salt stress retarded the seed water absorption process, and it depended on seed genotypes for F. suffruticosa. Soluble sugars accumulated in both P2 and P27 under salt stress. Meanwhile, the activities of hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were overall increased in P27 after salt treatment, which caused increases in pyruvic acid and citric acid. The citrate synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities decreased in P2. These results suggest that the respiratory metabolism of salt-tolerant F. suffruticosa was enhanced, compared with the salt-sensitive line, to ameliorate the repression of seed germination under salt stress. The different changes in respiratory metabolism could influence the degree of salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Xu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Lu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Yao
- College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Qijuan Lin
- College of Marine Resources & Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xingyou Xu
- College of Marine Resources & Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Bingshe Lu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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15
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Fgaier S, Aarrouf J, Lopez-Lauri F, Lizzi Y, Poiroux F, Urban L. Effect of high salinity and of priming of non-germinated seeds by UV-C light on photosynthesis of lettuce plants grown in a controlled soilless system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1198685. [PMID: 37469782 PMCID: PMC10352585 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1198685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
High salinity results in a decrease in plant photosynthesis and crop productivity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of UV-C priming treatments of lettuce seeds on photosynthesis of plants grown at high salinity. Non-primed and primed seeds were grown in an hydroponic system, with a standard nutrient solution, either supplemented with 100 mM NaCl (high salinity), or not (control). Considering that leaf and root K+ concentrations remained constant and that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and root growth were not affected negatively in the high salinity treatment, we conclude that the latter was at the origin of a moderate stress only. A substantial decrease in leaf net photosynthetic assimilation (Anet) was however observed as a consequence of stomatal and non-stomatal limitations in the high salinity treatment. This decrease in Anet translated into a decrease in growth parameters; it may be attributed partially to the high salinity-associated increase in leaf concentration in abscisic acid and decrease in stomatal conductance. Priming by UV-C light resulted in an increase in total photosynthetic electron transport rate and Anet in the leaves of plants grown at high salinity. The increase of the latter translated into a moderate increase in growth parameters. It is hypothesized that the positive effect of UV-C priming on Anet and growth of the aerial part of lettuce plants grown at high salinity, is mainly due to its stimulating effect on leaf concentration in salicylic acid. Even though leaf cytokinins' concentration was higher in plants from primed seeds, maintenance of the cytokinins-to-abscisic acid ratio also supports the idea that UV-C priming resulted in protection of plants exposed to high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Fgaier
- Unité Propre de Recherche Innovante, Equipe de Recherche et d'Innovations Thématiques (ERIT) Plant Science, Interactions and Innovation, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
- Nova Genetic, Zone Anjou Actiparc de Jumelles, Longué-Jumelles, France
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- Unité Propre de Recherche Innovante, Equipe de Recherche et d'Innovations Thématiques (ERIT) Plant Science, Interactions and Innovation, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | - Félicie Lopez-Lauri
- Unité Propre de Recherche Innovante, Equipe de Recherche et d'Innovations Thématiques (ERIT) Plant Science, Interactions and Innovation, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | - Yves Lizzi
- Unité Propre de Recherche Innovante, Equipe de Recherche et d'Innovations Thématiques (ERIT) Plant Science, Interactions and Innovation, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | - Florine Poiroux
- Nova Genetic, Zone Anjou Actiparc de Jumelles, Longué-Jumelles, France
| | - Laurent Urban
- Unité Propre de Recherche Innovante, Equipe de Recherche et d'Innovations Thématiques (ERIT) Plant Science, Interactions and Innovation, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
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16
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Sharma K, Kapoor R. Arbuscular mycorrhiza differentially adjusts central carbon metabolism in two contrasting genotypes of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in response to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111706. [PMID: 37054921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed at investigating Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) mediated metabolic changes in two genotypes of mungbean (Vigna radiata) differing in their salt tolerance in presence of salt stress (100 mM NaCl). Colonisation by Claroideoglomus etunicatum resulted in higher growth, photosynthetic efficiency, total protein content, and lower levels of stress markers, indicating alleviation of stress in mungbean plants. AM differentially upregulated the components of Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in salt tolerant (ST) and salt sensitive (SS) genotypes that could be correlated to AM-mediated moderation in nutrient uptake. Under salt stress, while maximum increase in the activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (65%) was observed in mycorrhizal (M)-ST; the increase in isocitrate dehydrogenase (79%) and fumarase (133%) activities was maximum in M-SS plants over their non-mycorrhizal (NM) counterparts. Apart from TCA, AM also affected gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glyoxylate pathways. Activities of enzymes implicated in GABA shunt increased in both the genotypes under stress resulting in increase in GABA concentration (46%). Notably, glyoxylate pathway was induced by AM in SS only, wherein M-SS exhibited significantly higher isocitrate lyase (49%) and malate synthase (104%) activities, reflected in higher malic acid concentration (84%), than NM under stress. The results suggest that AM moderates the central carbon metabolism and strategizes towards boosting the formation of stress-alleviating metabolites such as GABA and malic acid, especially in SS, bypassing the steps catalysed by salt-sensitive enzymes in TCA cycle. The study, therefore, advances the understanding on mechanisms by which AM ameliorates salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi, India.
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17
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Zhong F, Ke W, Li Y, Chen X, Zhou T, Xu B, Qi L, Yan Z, Ma Y. Comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of three Coptis species ( C. chinensis, C. deltoidea and C. omeiensis): the important medicinal plants in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1166420. [PMID: 37313257 PMCID: PMC10258346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1166420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coptis plants (Ranunculaceae) contain high levels of isoquinoline alkaloids and have a long history of medicinal use. Coptis species are of great value in pharmaceutical industries and scientific research. Mitochondria are considered as one of the central units for receiving stress signals and arranging immediate responses. Comprehensive characterizations of plant mitogenomes are imperative for revealing the relationship between mitochondria, elucidating biological functions of mitochondria and understanding the environmental adaptation mechanisms of plants. Here, the mitochondrial genomes of C. chinensis, C. deltoidea and C. omeiensis were assembled through the Nanopore and Illumina sequencing platform for the first time. The genome organization, gene number, RNA editing sites, repeat sequences, gene migration from chloroplast to mitochondria were compared. The mitogenomes of C. chinensis, C. deltoidea and C. omeiensis have six, two, two circular-mapping molecules with the total length of 1,425,403 bp, 1,520,338 bp and 1,152,812 bp, respectively. The complete mitogenomes harbors 68-86 predicted functional genes including 39-51 PCGs, 26-35 tRNAs and 2-5 rRNAs. C. deltoidea mitogenome host the most abundant repeat sequences, while C. chinensis mitogenome has the largest number of transferred fragments from its chloroplasts. The large repeat sequences and foreign sequences in the mitochondrial genomes of Coptis species were related to substantial rearrangements, changes in relative position of genes and multiple copy genes. Further comparative analysis illustrated that the PCGs under selected pressure in mitochondrial genomes of the three Coptis species mainly belong to the mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase). Heat stress adversely affected the mitochondrial complex I and V, antioxidant enzyme system, ROS accumulation and ATP production of the three Coptis species. The activation of antioxidant enzymes, increase of T-AOC and maintenance of low ROS accumulation in C. chinensis under heat stress were suggested as the factors for its thermal acclimation and normal growth at lower altitudes. This study provides comprehensive information on the Coptis mitogenomes and is of great importance to elucidate the mitochondrial functions, understand the different thermal acclimation mechanisms of Coptis plants, and breed heat-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjia Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Innovative institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luming Qi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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18
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Kim S, Hu DL. Onggi's permeability to carbon dioxide accelerates kimchi fermentation. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230034. [PMID: 37015265 PMCID: PMC10072942 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, Korean chefs have fermented foods in an onggi, a traditional earthenware vessel. The porous structure of the onggi mimics the loose soil where lactic acid bacteria is naturally found. This permeability has been purported to facilitate the growth of lactic acid bacteria, but the details of the process remain poorly understood. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we ferment salted napa cabbage in onggi and hermetic glassware and measure the time course of carbon dioxide concentration, which is a signature of fermentation. We present a mathematical model for carbon dioxide generation rate during fermentation using the onggi's gas permeability as a free parameter. Our model provides a good fit for the data, and we conclude that porous walls help the onggi to 'exhale' carbon dioxide, lowering internal levels to those favoured by lactic acid bacteria. The positive pressure inside the onggi and the constant outflow through its walls act as a safety valve for bacteria growth by blocking the entry of external contaminants without mechanical components. We hope this study draws attention to the work of traditional artisans and inspires energy-efficient methods for fermenting and storing food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohwan Kim
- Schools of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David L. Hu
- Schools of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Zhang G, Bai J, Jia J, Wang W, Wang D, Zhao Q, Wang C, Chen G. Soil microbial communities regulate the threshold effect of salinity stress on SOM decomposition in coastal salt marshes. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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20
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Huang YY, Shen C, Fu HL, Xin JL, He CT, Yang ZY. Proteomic and Biochemical Evidence Involving Root Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Modification, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, and Glutathione Metabolism in Cultivar-Dependent Cd Accumulation of Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2784-2794. [PMID: 36727512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis and biochemical tests were employed to investigate the critical biological processes responsible for the different cadmium (Cd) accumulations between two water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivars, QLQ and T308. QLQ, with lower shoot Cd accumulation and translocation factor than T308, possessed higher expression of cell wall biosynthesis and modification proteins in roots, together with higher lignin and pectin contents, higher pectin methylesterase activity, and lower pectin methylation. The results demonstrated that QLQ could more effectively restrict root-to-shoot Cd translocation by compartmentalizing more Cd in root cell walls. In contrast, T308 showed higher expression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glutathione (GSH) metabolism, and heavy metal transporter proteins, accompanied by higher GSH content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, which accelerated Cd uptake and translocation in T308. These findings revealed several critical biological processes responsible for cultivar-dependent Cd accumulation in water spinach, which are important for elucidating Cd accumulation and transport mechanisms in different cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Shen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Liang Xin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
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21
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Fedorin DN, Eprintsev AT, Florez Caro OJ, Igamberdiev AU. Effect of Salt Stress on the Activity, Expression, and Promoter Methylation of Succinate Dehydrogenase and Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:68. [PMID: 36616197 PMCID: PMC9823291 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of salt stress on the expression of genes, the methylation of their promoters, and the enzymatic activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) was investigated in maize (Zea mays L.). The incubation of maize seedlings in a 150 mM NaCl solution for 24 h led to a several-fold increase in the activity of SSADH that peaked at 6 h of NaCl treatment, which was preceded by an increase in the Ssadh1 gene expression and a decrease in its promoter methylation observed at 3 h of salt stress. The increase in SDH activity and succinate oxidation by mitochondria was slower, developing by 24 h of NaCl treatment, which corresponded to the increase in expression of the genes Sdh1-2 and Sdh2-3 encoding SDH catalytic subunits and of the gene Sdh3-1 encoding the anchoring SDH subunit. The increase in the Sdh2-3 expression was accompanied by the decrease in promoter methylation. It is concluded that salt stress results in the rapid increase in succinate production via SSADH operating in the GABA shunt, which leads to the activation of SDH, the process partially regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. The role of succinate metabolism under the conditions of salt stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry N. Fedorin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Alexander T. Eprintsev
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Orlando J. Florez Caro
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Abir U. Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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22
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A Comprehensive Analysis of the DUF4228 Gene Family in Gossypium Reveals the Role of GhDUF4228-67 in Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113542. [PMID: 36362330 PMCID: PMC9655460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization conditions seriously restrict cotton yield and quality. Related studies have shown that the DUF4228 proteins are pivotal in plant resistance to abiotic stress. However, there has been no systematic identification and analysis of the DUF4228 gene family in cotton and their role in abiotic stress. In this study, a total of 308 DUF4228 genes were identified in four Gossypium species, which were divided into five subfamilies. Gene structure and protein motifs analysis showed that the GhDUF4228 proteins were conserved in each subfamily. In addition, whole genome duplication (WGD) events and allopolyploidization might play an essential role in the expansion of the DUF4228 genes. Besides, many stress-responsive (MYB, MYC) and hormone-responsive (ABA, MeJA) related cis-elements were detected in the promoters of the DUF4228 genes. The qRT-PCR results showed that GhDUF4228 genes might be involved in the response to abiotic stress. VIGS assays and the measurement of relative water content (RWC), Proline content, POD activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content indicated that GhDUF4228-67 might be a positive regulator of cotton response to salt stress. The results in this study systematically characterized the DUF4228s in Gossypium species and will provide helpful information to further research the role of DUF4228s in salt tolerance.
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23
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Carrasco D, Zhou-Tsang A, Rodriguez-Izquierdo A, Ocete R, Revilla MA, Arroyo-García R. Coastal Wild Grapevine Accession ( Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris) Shows Distinct Late and Early Transcriptome Changes under Salt Stress in Comparison to Commercial Rootstock Richter 110. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202688. [PMID: 36297712 PMCID: PMC9610063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Increase in soil salinity, driven by climate change, is a widespread constrain for viticulture across several regions, including the Mediterranean basin. The implementation of salt-tolerant varieties is sought after to reduce the negative impact of salinity in grape production. An accession of wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris), named AS1B, found on the coastline of Asturias (Spain), could be of interest toward the achievement of salt-tolerant varieties, as it demonstrated the ability to survive and grow under high levels of salinity. In the present study, AS1B is compared against widely cultivated commercial rootstock Richter 110, regarding their survival capabilities, and transcriptomic profiles analysis allowed us to identify the genes by employing RNA-seq and gene ontology analyses under increasing salinity and validate (via RT-qPCR) seven salinity-stress-induced genes. The results suggest contrasting transcriptomic responses between AS1B and Richter 110. AS1B is more responsive to a milder increase in salinity and builds up specific mechanisms of tolerance over a sustained salt stress, while Richter 110 maintains a constitutive expression until high and prolonged saline inputs, when it mainly shows responses to osmotic stress. The genetic basis of AS1B's strategy to confront salinity could be valuable in cultivar breeding programs, to expand the current range of salt-tolerant rootstocks, aiming to improve the adaptation of viticulture against climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carrasco
- CSIC-INIA(CBGP) Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Campus de Montegancedo, CtraM-40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Zhou-Tsang
- CSIC-INIA(CBGP) Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Campus de Montegancedo, CtraM-40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Waite Research Institute, The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Alberto Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- CSIC-INIA(CBGP) Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Campus de Montegancedo, CtraM-40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ocete
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Angeles Revilla
- Departamento Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa Arroyo-García
- CSIC-INIA(CBGP) Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Campus de Montegancedo, CtraM-40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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24
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McDowell NG, Ball M, Bond‐Lamberty B, Kirwan ML, Krauss KW, Megonigal JP, Mencuccini M, Ward ND, Weintraub MN, Bailey V. Processes and mechanisms of coastal woody-plant mortality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5881-5900. [PMID: 35689431 PMCID: PMC9544010 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Observations of woody plant mortality in coastal ecosystems are globally widespread, but the overarching processes and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This knowledge deficiency, combined with rapidly changing water levels, storm surges, atmospheric CO2 , and vapor pressure deficit, creates large predictive uncertainty regarding how coastal ecosystems will respond to global change. Here, we synthesize the literature on the mechanisms that underlie coastal woody-plant mortality, with the goal of producing a testable hypothesis framework. The key emergent mechanisms underlying mortality include hypoxic, osmotic, and ionic-driven reductions in whole-plant hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis that ultimately drive the coupled processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation. The relative importance of these processes in driving mortality, their order of progression, and their degree of coupling depends on the characteristics of the anomalous water exposure, on topographic effects, and on taxa-specific variation in traits and trait acclimation. Greater inundation exposure could accelerate mortality globally; however, the interaction of changing inundation exposure with elevated CO2 , drought, and rising vapor pressure deficit could influence mortality likelihood. Models of coastal forests that incorporate the frequency and duration of inundation, the role of climatic drivers, and the processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation can yield improved estimates of inundation-induced woody-plant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate G. McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change DivisionPacific Northwest National LabRichlandWashingtonUSA
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Marilyn Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Matthew L. Kirwan
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & MaryGloucester PointVirginiaUSA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research CenterLafayetteLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23BarcelonaSpain
- CREAFCampus UAB, BellaterraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nicholas D. Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratorySequimWashingtonUSA
- School of OceanographyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Michael N. Weintraub
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUSA
| | - Vanessa Bailey
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUSA
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25
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Hannachi S, Steppe K, Eloudi M, Mechi L, Bahrini I, Van Labeke MC. Salt Stress Induced Changes in Photosynthesis and Metabolic Profiles of One Tolerant ('Bonica') and One Sensitive ('Black Beauty') Eggplant Cultivars ( Solanum melongena L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050590. [PMID: 35270060 PMCID: PMC8912544 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of salinity on the physiological and biochemical parameters of tolerant (‘Bonica’) and susceptible (‘Black Beauty’) eggplant varieties (Solanum melongena L.) was determined. The results revealed that the increase in salinity contributes to a significant decline in net photosynthesis (An) in both varieties; however, at the highest salt concentration (160 mM NaCl), the decrease in photorespiration (Rl) was less pronounced in the tolerant cultivar ‘Bonica’. Stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly reduced in ‘Black Beauty’ following exposure to 40 mM NaCl. However, gs of ‘Bonica’ was only substantially reduced at the highest level of NaCl (160 mM). In addition, a significant decrease in Chla, Chlb, total Chl, Chla/b and carotenoids (p > 0.05) was found in ‘Black Beauty’, and soluble carbohydrates accumulation and electrolyte leakage (EL) were more pronounced in ‘Black Beauty’ than in ‘Bonica’. The total phenols increase in ‘Bonica’ was 65% higher than in ‘Black Beauty’. In ‘Bonica’, the roots displayed the highest enzyme scavenging activity compared to the leaves. Salt stress contributes to a significant augmentation of root catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities. In ‘Bonica’, the Na concentration was higher in roots than in leaves, whereas in ‘Black Beauty‘, the leaves accumulated more Na. Salt stress significantly boosted the Na/K ratio in ‘Black Beauty’, while no significant change occurred in ‘Bonica’. ACC deaminase activity was significantly higher in ‘Bonica’ than in ‘Black Beauty’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Hannachi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.S.); (M.-C.V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-54-380-76-37
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.S.); (M.-C.V.L.)
| | - Mabrouka Eloudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 8145, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.); (L.M.)
| | - Lassaad Mechi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 8145, Saudi Arabia; (M.E.); (L.M.)
| | - Insaf Bahrini
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marie-Christine Van Labeke
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.S.); (M.-C.V.L.)
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26
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Sun B, Jiang M, Han G, Zhang L, Zhou J, Bian C, Du Y, Yan L, Xia J. Experimental warming reduces ecosystem resistance and resilience to severe flooding in a wetland. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl9526. [PMID: 35080980 PMCID: PMC8791607 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming and extreme hydrological events are threatening the sustainability of wetlands across the globe. However, whether climate warming will amplify or diminish the impact of extreme flooding on wetland ecosystems is unknown. Here, we show that climate warming significantly reduced wetland resistance and resilience to a severe flooding event via a 6-year warming experiment. We first found that warming rapidly altered plant community structure by increasing the dominance of low-canopy species. Then, we showed that warming reduced the resistance and resilience of vegetation productivity to a 72-cm flooding event. Last, we detected slower postflooding carbon processes, such as gross ecosystem productivity, soil respiration, and soil methane emission, under the warming treatment. Our results demonstrate how severe flooding can destabilize wetland vegetation structure and ecosystem function under climate warming. These findings indicate an enhanced footprint of extreme hydrological events in wetland ecosystems in a warmer climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chenyu Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Liming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Corresponding author.
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27
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Xiao X, Wang Q, Ma X, Lang D, Guo Z, Zhang X. Physiological Biochemistry-Combined Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Mechanism of Bacillus cereus G2 Improved Salt-Stress Tolerance of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Seedlings by Balancing Carbohydrate Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:712363. [PMID: 35058941 PMCID: PMC8764457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress severely threatens the growth and productivity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Previous results found that Bacillus cereus G2 enhanced several carbohydrate contents in G. uralensis under salt stress. Here, we analyzed the changes in parameters related to growth, photosynthesis, carbohydrate transformation, and the glycolysis Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by G2 in G. uralensis under salt stress. Results showed that G2 helped G. uralensis-accumulating photosynthetic pigments during photosynthesis, which could further increase starch, sucrose, and fructose contents during carbohydrate transformation. Specifically, increased soluble starch synthase (SSS) activity caused to higher starch content, which could induce α-amylase (AM) and β-amylase (BM) activities; increased sucrose content due to the increase of sucrose synthase (SS) activity through upregulating the gene-encoding SS, which decreased cell osmotic potential, and consequently, induced invertase and gene-encoding α-glucosidase that decomposed sucrose to fructose, ultimately avoided further water loss; increased fructose content-required highly hexokinase (HK) activity to phosphorylate in G. uralensis, thereby providing sufficient substrate for EMP. However, G2 decreased phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities during EMP. For inducing the TCA cycle to produce more energy, G2 increased PDH activity that enhanced CA content, which further increased isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity and provided intermediate products for the G. uralensis TCA cycle under salt stress. In sum, G2 could improve photosynthetic efficiency and carbohydrate transformation to enhance carbohydrate products, thereby releasing more chemical energy stored in carbohydrates through the EMP pathway-TCA cycle, finally maintain normal life activities, and promote the growth of G. uralensis under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiuli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhenggang Guo
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Hui Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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28
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Athar HUR, Zulfiqar F, Moosa A, Ashraf M, Zafar ZU, Zhang L, Ahmed N, Kalaji HM, Nafees M, Hossain MA, Islam MS, El Sabagh A, Siddique KHM. Salt stress proteins in plants: An overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999058. [PMID: 36589054 PMCID: PMC9800898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is considered the most devastating abiotic stress for crop productivity. Accumulating different types of soluble proteins has evolved as a vital strategy that plays a central regulatory role in the growth and development of plants subjected to salt stress. In the last two decades, efforts have been undertaken to critically examine the genome structure and functions of the transcriptome in plants subjected to salinity stress. Although genomics and transcriptomics studies indicate physiological and biochemical alterations in plants, it do not reflect changes in the amount and type of proteins corresponding to gene expression at the transcriptome level. In addition, proteins are a more reliable determinant of salt tolerance than simple gene expression as they play major roles in shaping physiological traits in salt-tolerant phenotypes. However, little information is available on salt stress-responsive proteins and their possible modes of action in conferring salinity stress tolerance. In addition, a complete proteome profile under normal or stress conditions has not been established yet for any model plant species. Similarly, a complete set of low abundant and key stress regulatory proteins in plants has not been identified. Furthermore, insufficient information on post-translational modifications in salt stress regulatory proteins is available. Therefore, in recent past, studies focused on exploring changes in protein expression under salt stress, which will complement genomic, transcriptomic, and physiological studies in understanding mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. This review focused on recent studies on proteome profiling in plants subjected to salinity stress, and provide synthesis of updated literature about how salinity regulates various salt stress proteins involved in the plant salt tolerance mechanism. This review also highlights the recent reports on regulation of salt stress proteins using transgenic approaches with enhanced salt stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Faisal Zulfiqar, ; Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
| | - Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Botany, Mohy-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, Pakistan
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sohidul Islam
- Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Petrth WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Faisal Zulfiqar, ; Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
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29
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Tao M, Zhu W, Han H, Liu S, Liu A, Li S, Fu H, Tian J. Mitochondrial proteomic analysis reveals the regulation of energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species production in Clematis terniflora DC. leaves under high-level UV-B radiation followed by dark treatment. J Proteomics 2021; 254:104410. [PMID: 34923174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clematis terniflora DC. is an important medicinal plant from the family Ranunculaceae. A previous study has shown that active ingredients in C. terniflora, such as flavonoids and coumarins, are increased under ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) and dark treatment and that the numbers of genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) are changed. To uncover the mechanism of the response to UV-B radiation and dark treatment in C. terniflora, mitochondrial proteomics was performed. The results showed that proteins related to photorespiration, mitochondrial membrane permeability, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the mETC mainly showed differential expression profiles. Moreover, the increase in alternative oxidase indicated that another oxygen-consuming respiratory pathway in plant mitochondria was induced to minimize mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. These results suggested that respiration and mitochondrial membrane permeability were deeply influenced to avoid energy consumption and maintain energy balance under UV-B radiation and dark treatment in C. terniflora leaf mitochondria. Furthermore, oxidative phosphorylation was able to regulate intracellular oxygen balance to resist oxidative stress. This study improves understanding of the function of mitochondria in response to UV-B radiation and dark treatment in C. terniflora. SIGNIFICANCE: C. terniflora was an important traditional Chinese medicine for anti-inflammatory. Previous study showed that the contents of coumarins which were the main active ingredient in C. terniflora were induced by UV-B radiation and dark treatment. In the present study, to uncover the regulatory mechanism of metabolic changes in C. terniflora, mitochondrial proteomics analysis of leaves was performed. The results showed that photorespiration and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were influenced under UV-B radiation and dark treatment. Mitochondria in C. terniflora leaf played a crucial role in energy mechanism and regulation of cellular oxidation-reduction to maintain cell homeostasis under UV-B radiation followed with dark treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Tao
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Changshu Qiushi Technology Co. Ltd, Suzhou 215500, PR China
| | - Haote Han
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Amin Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Hongwei Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China.
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Effective Categorization of Tolerance to Salt Stress through Clustering Prunus Rootstocks According to Their Physiological Performances. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of climate change on traditional stone fruit producing areas, together with the generation of new varieties with lower chilling requirements that allow the cultivation of previously unexplored areas, are setting up a challenging scenario for the establishment of productive orchards that must be more efficient in their capacity to adapt to new edaphoclimatic conditions. In this context, the rootstock breeding programs are a key piece in the agronomic strategy to achieve this adaptation through the development of rootstocks compatible with the new varieties and capable of transferring their tolerance to stress. An effective categorization of phenotypes within the germplasm involved in a plant breeding program is of utmost importance. Through the measurement of physiological parameters in both roots and leaves, tolerance to saline stress (120 mM NaCl) was evaluated in seven Prunus rootstocks whose genetic background included representatives of the subgenera Prunus, Cerasus, and Amygdalus. To group the genotypes according to their physiological performance under salt stress, an agglomerative hierarchical clustering was applied. The genotypes were grouped into three clusters containing rootstocks very sensitive (‘Mazzard F12/1’), moderately tolerant (‘Maxma 60’, ‘Cab6P’ and ‘AGAF 0204-09’), and tolerant (‘Mariana 2624’, ‘Garnem’ and ‘Colt’) to salt stress. ‘Mariana 2624’, a plum-based rootstock, was identified as the most tolerant Prunus rootstock. The information reported is valuable both in the productive context, for the selection of the most appropriate rootstocks to establish an orchard, and in the context of plant breeding programs, when choosing parents with outstanding traits to obtain progenies tolerant to salt stress.
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Kanna SD, Domonkos I, Kóbori TO, Dergez Á, Böde K, Nagyapáti S, Zsiros O, Ünnep R, Nagy G, Garab G, Szilák L, Solymosi K, Kovács L, Ughy B. Salt Stress Induces Paramylon Accumulation and Fine-Tuning of the Macro-Organization of Thylakoid Membranes in Euglena gracilis Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:725699. [PMID: 34868111 PMCID: PMC8636990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.725699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salt stress condition on the growth, morphology, photosynthetic performance, and paramylon content were examined in the mixotrophic, unicellular, flagellate Euglena gracilis. We found that salt stress negatively influenced cell growth, accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll (Chl) content. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed the changes in the macro-organization of pigment-protein complexes due to salt treatment, while the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigations suggested a reduction in the thylakoid stacking, an effect confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the same time, the analysis of the thylakoid membrane complexes using native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed no significant change in the composition of supercomplexes of the photosynthetic apparatus. Salt stress did not substantially affect the photosynthetic activity, as reflected by the fact that Chl fluorescence yield, electron transport rate (ETR), and energy transfer between the photosystems did not change considerably in the salt-grown cells. We have observed notable increases in the carotenoid-to-Chl ratio and the accumulation of paramylon in the salt-treated cells. We propose that the accumulation of storage polysaccharides and changes in the pigment composition and thylakoid membrane organization help the adaptation of E. gracilis cells to salt stress and contribute to the maintenance of cellular processes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Divya Kanna
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Domonkos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Ottília Kóbori
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Division for Biotechnology, Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dergez
- Division for Biotechnology, Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Böde
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Nagyapáti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Ünnep
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Gyözö Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | | | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
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Liu Y, Qu J, Shi Z, Zhang P, Ren M. Comparative genomic analysis of the tricarboxylic acid cycle members in four Solanaceae vegetable crops and expression pattern analysis in Solanum tuberosum. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:821. [PMID: 34773990 PMCID: PMC8590752 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is crucial for energy supply in animal, plant, and microbial cells. It is not only the main pathway of carbohydrate catabolism but also the final pathway of lipid and protein catabolism. Some TCA genes have been found to play important roles in the growth and development of tomato and potato, but no comprehensive study of TCA cycle genes in Solanaceae crops has been reported. Results In this study, we analyzed TCA cycle genes in four important Solanaceae vegetable crops (potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and pepper (Capsicum annuum)) based on comparative genomics. The four Solanaceae crops had a total of 180 TCA cycle genes: 43 in potato, 44 in tomato, 40 in eggplant, and 53 in pepper. Phylogenetic analysis, collinearity analysis, and tissue expression patterns revealed the conservation of and differences in TCA cycle genes between the four Solanaceae crops and found that there were unique subgroup members in Solanaceae crops that were independent of Arabidopsis genes. The expression analysis of potato TCA cycle genes showed that (1) they were widely expressed in various tissues, and some transcripts like Soltu.DM.01G003320.1(SCoAL) and Soltu.DM.04G021520.1 (SDH) mainly accumulate in vegetative organs, and some transcripts such as Soltu.DM.12G005620.3 (SDH) and Soltu.DM.02G007400.4 (MDH) are preferentially expressed in reproductive organs; (2) several transcripts can be significantly induced by hormones, such as Soltu.DM.08G023870.2 (IDH) and Soltu.DM.06G029290.1 (SDH) under ABA treatment, and Soltu.DM.07G021850.2 (CSY) and Soltu.DM.09G026740.1 (MDH) under BAP treatment, and Soltu.DM.02G000940.1 (IDH) and Soltu.DM.01G031350.4 (MDH) under GA treatment; (3) Soltu.DM.11G024650.1 (SDH) can be upregulated by the three disease resistance inducers including Phytophthora infestans, acibenzolar-S-methyl (BTH), and DL-β-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA); and (4) the levels of Soltu.DM.01G045790.1 (MDH), Soltu.DM.01G028520.3 (CSY), and Soltu.DM.12G028700.1 (CSY) can be activated by both NaCl and mannitol. The subcellular localization results of three potato citrate synthases showed that Soltu.DM.01G028520.3 was localized in mitochondria, while Soltu.DM.12G028700.1 and Soltu.DM.07G021850.1 were localized in the cytoplasm. Conclusions This study provides a scientific foundation for the comprehensive understanding and functional studies of TCA cycle genes in Solanaceae crops and reveals their potential roles in potato growth, development, and stress response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08109-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Liu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 610213, Chengdu, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural, Sciences of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, China
| | - Jingtao Qu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwen Shi
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 610213, Chengdu, China. .,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural, Sciences of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China. .,Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, China.
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Hussain T, Asrar H, Zhang W, Gul B, Liu X. Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis to Elucidate Salt Tolerance Strategies of the Halophyte Panicum antidotale Retz. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:760589. [PMID: 34804096 PMCID: PMC8598733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Panicum antidotale, a C4 monocot, has the potential to reclaim saline and drylands and to be utilized as fodder and forage. Its adaptability to survive saline stress has been proven with eco-physiological and biochemical studies. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. In this study, an integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis approach, based on RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), was used to identify the said mechanisms. Plants were treated with control (0 mM), low (100 mM), and high (300 mM) sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments to distinguish beneficial and toxic pathways influencing plant biomass. The results indicated differential expression of 3,179 (1,126 upregulated/2,053 downregulated) and 2,172 (898 upregulated/1,274 downregulated) genes (DEGs), and 514 (269 upregulated/245 downregulated) and 836 (494 upregulated/392 downregulated) proteins (DEPs) at 100 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. Among these, most upregulated genes and proteins were involved in salt resistance strategies such as proline biosynthesis, the antioxidant defense system, ion homeostasis, and sugar accumulation at low salinity levels. On the other hand, the expression of several genes and proteins involved in the respiratory process were downregulated, indicating the inability of plants to meet their energy demands at high salinity levels. Moreover, the impairments in photosynthesis were also evident with the reduced expression of genes regulating the structure of photosystems and increased expression of abscisic acid (ABA) mediated pathways which limits stomatal gas exchange. Similarly, the disturbance in fatty acid metabolism and activation of essential ion transport blockers damaged the integrity of the cell membrane, which was also evident with enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA). Overall, the analysis of pathways revealed that the plant optimal performance at low salinity was related to enhanced metabolism, antioxidative defense, cell growth, and signaling pathways, whereas high salinity inhibited biomass accumulation by altered expression of numerous genes involved in carbon metabolism, signaling, transcription, and translation. The data provided the first global analysis of the mechanisms imparting salt stress tolerance of any halophyte at transcriptome and proteome levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Hussain
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Saline Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hina Asrar
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Saline Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Saline Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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El-Katony TM, Abd El-Fatah SN. Genotypic Differences in Photosynthesis and Partitioning of Biomass and Ions in Salinized Faba Bean. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 68:1161-1172. [DOI: 10.1134/s1021443721060030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Sun LJ, Zhao XY, Ren J, Yan SP, Zhao XY, Song XS. Overexpression of Cerasus humilis ChAOX2 improves the tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt stress. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 34123695 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) has a well-established involvement in plant growth and stress tolerance in many studies. In this study, we isolated and characterized the AOX2 from Cerasus humilis. The ChAOX2 Open Reading Frame (ORF) contains 1029 nucleotides and encodes 342 amino acid residues. The inferred amino acid sequence of ChAOX2 shared the highest sequence similarity with a homolog from Prunus yedoensis. The ChAOX2 transcripts were relatively abundant in the old leaves and significantly up-regulated by salt stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that ChAOX2 was located in the mitochondria. We transformed ChAOX2 into wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and found that compared with wild-type and aox mutant lines, heterotopic expression of ChAOX2 increased proline content, and peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, while decreasing relative conductivity and the reactive oxygen species level. Further, the ratio of alternate respiration to the total respiration in plants that overexpressed ChAOX2 was significantly higher than that in wild-type and mutant plants under salt stress. These results indicate that ChAOX2 plays a key role in salt tolerance.
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Liang BB, Wang WJ, Fan XX, Kurakov AV, Liu YF, Song FQ, Chang W. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can ameliorate salt stress in Elaeagnus angustifolia by improving leaf photosynthetic function and ultrastructure. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:232-241. [PMID: 32767713 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form symbiosis with Elaeagnus angustifolia, allowing this species to tolerate salt stress. However, the physiological mechanism through which AMF improve E. angustifolia tolerance is still unclear. In this study, we examined E. angustifolia inoculated with AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (M) or inactivated inoculum (NM) under 0 and 300 mM NaCl stress for the determination of photosynthetic gas exchange, pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant capacity and chloroplast ultrastructural in leaves. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters in the leaves of M and NM decreased significantly under salt stress, while the M treatment significantly reduced the effect of salt stress compared with NM. Various chlorophyll components in the M treatment were two- to three-fold higher than in NM, together with a much more complex chloroplast structure and higher number of plastoglobules. The total flavonoid and proline content in leaves of M increased significantly, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly under salt stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence data also showed good PSII function in the M treatment, together with salt stress reduction of photochemical reactions and sharp enhancements in non-photosynthetic quenching (NPQ). AMF inoculation ameliorated the inhibition on the actual PSII efficiency (ФPSII) and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP ) by 10-15%. Our results clearly demonstrate that R. irregularis can improve the salt tolerance of plants by improving leaf photosynthetic performance, PSII function, antioxidant capacity and leaf chloroplast ultrastructure, and that E. angustifolia inoculated with AMF could enhance saline soil rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - W J Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - X X Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - A V Kurakov
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Department of Mycology and Algology, Biological Faculty, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y F Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - F Q Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - W Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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Sinetova MA, Sidorov RA, Medvedeva AA, Starikov AY, Markelova AG, Allakhverdiev SI, Los DA. Effect of salt stress on physiological parameters of microalgae Vischeria punctata strain IPPAS H-242, a superproducer of eicosapentaenoic acid. J Biotechnol 2021; 331:63-73. [PMID: 33727081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The strain IPPAS H-242 is an eustigmatophycean alga with good growth characteristics and high content of the long chain polyunsaturated eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (EPA) - a very-long-chain fatty acid with high nutraceutical value. In this study, based on 18S rRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences the strain IPPAS H-242 was identified as an authentic strain of Vischeria punctata. The effect of salt stress (0.5 M NaCl) on growth, cell morphology, ultrastructure, and biochemical composition with the emphasis on the fatty acid (FA) profile was investigated in batch cultures. Under salt stress, biomass accumulation and cell division were severely inhibited; cells were bigger, with higher chloroplast volume and numerous mitochondria, they had more proteins (73 % from the initial concentration as compared to 23 % in control) and their lipids had higher EPA proportion (13.6 % of total FA as compared to 6.4 % of total FA in control). In salt-stressed cells, thylakoid organization and photosynthetic activity were impaired, and D1 protein content decreased to trace amounts. In spite of an increase in EPA proportion in total FA, salt stress causes a decrease in total EPA productivity (49 mg/L as compared to 130 mg/L in control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sinetova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Roman A Sidorov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Medvedeva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Starikov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Alexandra G Markelova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Dmitry A Los
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya str., 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Sun Y, Liang W, Cheng H, Wang H, Lv D, Wang W, Liang M, Miao C. NADPH Oxidase-derived ROS promote mitochondrial alkalization under salt stress in Arabidopsis root cells. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1856546. [PMID: 33315520 PMCID: PMC7889232 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1856546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane NADPH Oxidase-derived ROS as signaling molecules play crucial roles in salt stress response. As the motor organelle of cells, mitochondria are also important for salt tolerance. However, the possible interaction between NADPH Oxidase-derived ROS and mitochondria is not well studied. Here, a transgenic Arabidopsis expressing mitochondrial matrix-targeted pH-sensitive indicator cpYFP was used to monitor the pH dynamics in root cells under salt stress. A significant alkalization in mitochondria was observed when the root was exposed to NaCl or KCl, but not osmotic stress such as isotonic mannitol. Interestingly, when pretreated with the NADPH Oxidase inhibitor DPI, the mitochondrial alkalization in root cells was largely abolished. Genetic evidence further showed that salt-induced mitochondrial alkalization was significantly reduced in the loss of function mutant atrbohF . Pretreatment with endocytosis-related inhibitor PAO or TyrA23, which inhibited the ROS accumulation under salt treatment, almost abolished this effect. Furthermore, [Ca2+]cyt increase might also play important roles by affecting ROS generation to mediate salt-induced mitochondrial alkalization as indicated by treatment with plasma membrane Ca2+ channel inhibitor LaCl3 and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter inhibitor Ruthenium Red. Together, these results suggest that the plasma membrane NADPH Oxidase-derived ROS promote the mitochondrial alkalization under salt treatment, providing a possible link between different cellular compartments under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weihong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Modan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Zhang J, Jiao Y, Sharma A, Shen D, Wei B, Hong C, Zheng B, Pan C. Transcriptomic analysis reveals potential pathways associated with salt resistance in pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch). J Biotechnol 2021; 330:17-26. [PMID: 33607173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a serious abiotic stress worldwide. Pecan plants (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) have been suggested for cultivation in soils with high levels of salinity owing to their huge demand. To understand the potential molecular mechanisms in pecan in response to salt stress, RNA-sequencing technology was used to compare the transcriptomes of pecan plants treated with 0, 0.3 %, or 0.6 % NaCl solutions. The results indicated that 170,086 unigenes were obtained from pecan leaf cDNA samples. Based on the assembled de novo transcriptome, 53, 535, and 7358 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between untreated and salt-treated leaves at 8, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Because of the large number of DEGs across different contrasts, a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was selected to identify gene pathways associated with salt treatment. A total of 1858 DEGs were enriched in 66 gene sets, including 22 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated gene sets in the salt treatment groups, compared with those in the control groups. The up-regulated gene sets were mainly involved in the response to salicylic acid; the regulation of the jasmonic acid-mediated signalling pathway during the short-term treatment (8 h); and the cellular response to hypoxia, cellular respiration, and RNA modification during the long-term treatment (24-48 h). The down-regulated gene sets were predominately associated with photosynthesis, water transport, and the metabolic biosynthetic process under salt stress. Genes related to the Really Interesting New Gene superfamily protein and F-box domain protein in the ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated in different periods of the regulating process. Overall, these results not only enrich genomic resources but also provide insights into the molecular mechanism in pecan under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhang
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dengfeng Shen
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Chuntao Hong
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Cunde Pan
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
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40
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Zhao Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Pan W, Li S, Xing Y, Xin W, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Liu C, Wu X, Qi Z, Xin D, Chen Q. GmGPDH12, a mitochondrial FAD-GPDH from soybean, increases salt and osmotic stress resistance by modulating redox state and respiration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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41
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang S, Liu J, Wang X, Han Y, Liu F. Up-regulated 2-alkenal reductase expression improves low-nitrogen tolerance in maize by alleviating oxidative stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 43:2957-2968. [PMID: 33215716 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, cellular lipid peroxidation is enhanced under low nitrogen (LN) stress; this increases the lipid-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS) levels. The cellular toxicity of RCS can be reduced by various RCS-scavenging enzymes. However, the roles of these enzymes in alleviating oxidative stress and improving nutrient use efficiency (NUE) under nutrient stress remain unknown. Here, we overexpressed maize endogenous NADPH-dependent 2-alkenal reductase (ZmAER) in maize; it significantly increased the tolerance of transgenic plants (OX-AER) to LN stress. Under LN condition, the biomass, nitrogen accumulation, NUE, and leaf photosynthesis of the OX-AER plants were significantly higher than those of the wild-type (WT) plants. The leaf and root malondialdehyde and H2 O2 levels in the transgenic plants were significantly lower than those in WT. The expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes ZmCAT3, ZmPOD5 and ZmPOD13 was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in WT. Under LN stress, the nitrate reductase activity in the OX-AER leaves was significantly increased compared with that in the WT leaves. Furthermore, under LN stress, ZmNRT1.1 and ZmNRT2.5 expression was upregulated in the OX-AER plants compared with that in WT. Overall, up-regulated ZmAER expression could enhance maize's tolerance to LN stress by alleviating oxidative stress and improve NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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42
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Li Y, Yuan L, Cao HB, Tang CD, Wang XY, Tian B, Dou ST, Zhang LQ, Shen J. A dynamic biomass model of emergent aquatic vegetation under different water levels and salinity. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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Sukhova EM, Vodeneev VA, Sukhov VS. Mathematical Modeling of Photosynthesis and Analysis of Plant Productivity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747821010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Mozdzer TJ, Drew SE, Caplan JS, Weber PE, Deegan LA. Rapid recovery of carbon cycle processes after the cessation of chronic nutrient enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:140927. [PMID: 32853928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt marshes provide critical ecosystem services including some of the highest rates of carbon storage on Earth. However, many salt marshes receive very high nutrient loads and there is a growing body of evidence indicating that this nutrient enrichment alters carbon cycle processes. While many restoration plans prioritize nutrient management in their efforts to conserve salt marsh ecosystems, there has been little empirical investigation of the capacity for carbon cycle processes to recover once nutrient loading is reduced. To address this, we compared rates of greenhouse gas fluxes (i.e., CO2 and methane) measured using static chambers, and soil organic matter decomposition, using both litter bags and the Tea Bag Index (TBI), during the last two years of a long-term, ecosystem-scale nutrient enrichment experiment (2015-2016) as well as in the first two years of recovery post-enrichment (2017-2018). We found that both ecosystem respiration (Reco) and decomposition processes (i.e., rhizome decomposition and soil organic matter stabilization) were enhanced by nutrient enrichment, but returned to reference ecosystem levels within the first year following the cessation of nutrient enrichment and remained at reference levels in the second year. These results suggest that management practices intended to reduce nutrient loads in coastal systems may, in fact, allow for rapid recovery of carbon cycle processes, potentially restoring the high carbon sequestration rates of these blue carbon ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mozdzer
- Bryn Mawr College, Department of Biology, 101 N Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, United States of America.
| | - Sophie E Drew
- Bryn Mawr College, Department of Biology, 101 N Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, United States of America
| | - Joshua S Caplan
- Department of Architecture and Environmental Design, Temple University, 580 Meetinghouse Rd., Ambler, PA 19002, United States of America
| | - Paige E Weber
- Bryn Mawr College, Department of Biology, 101 N Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, United States of America
| | - Linda A Deegan
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Rd., Woods Hole, MA 02540, United States of America
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Changes in Proline Levels during Seed Development of Orthodox and Recalcitrant Seeds of Genus Acer in a Climate Change Scenario. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the utility of proline usage as a biochemical indicator of metabolic changes caused by climate change (mean temperature and precipitation) during seed development of two Acer species differing in desiccation tolerance: Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.—desiccation tolerant—orthodox) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.—desiccation sensitive—recalcitrant). In plants, proline is an element of the antioxidant system, which has a role in response to water loss and high temperatures. Our study considered whether proline could be treated as an indicator of tree seed viability, crucial for genetic resources conservation. Proline content was measured biweekly in developing seeds (between 11 and 23 weeks after flowering) collected in consecutive years (2017, 2018, and 2019). We showed that proline concentrations in recalcitrant seeds were positively correlated with mean two-week temperature. In contrast, in orthodox seeds no such relationship was found. Proline content proved to be sensitive to thermal-moisture conditions changes, which makes it a promising biochemical marker of seed desiccation tolerance in different climatic conditions.
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46
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Niron H, Barlas N, Salih B, Türet M. Comparative Transcriptome, Metabolome, and Ionome Analysis of Two Contrasting Common Bean Genotypes in Saline Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:599501. [PMID: 33362832 PMCID: PMC7758407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress factor that limits agricultural productivity worldwide, and this problem is expected to grow in the future. Common bean is an important protein source in developing countries however highly susceptible to salt stress. To understand the underlying mechanism of salt stress responses, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and ion content analysis were performed on both salt-tolerant and susceptible common bean genotypes in saline conditions. Transcriptomics has demonstrated increased photosynthesis in saline conditions for tolerant genotype while the susceptible genotype acted in contrast. Transcriptome also displayed active carbon and amino-acid metabolism for the tolerant genotype. Analysis of metabolites with GC-MS demonstrated the boosted carbohydrate metabolism in the tolerant genotype with increased sugar content as well as better amino-acid metabolism. Accumulation of lysine, valine, and isoleucine in the roots of the susceptible genotype suggested a halted stress response. According to ion content comparison, the tolerant genotype managed to block accumulation of Na+ in the leaves while accumulating significantly less Na+ in the roots compared to susceptible genotype. K+ levels increased in the leaves of both genotype and the roots of the susceptible one but dropped in the roots of the tolerant genotype. Additionally, Zn+2 and Mn+2 levels were dropped in the tolerant roots, while Mo+2 levels were significantly higher in all tissues in both control and saline conditions for tolerant genotype. The results of the presented study have demonstrated the differences in contrasting genotypes and thus provide valuable information on the pivotal molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Niron
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazire Barlas
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Müge Türet
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bilek MA, Soolanayakanahally RY, Guy RD, Mansfield SD. Physiological Response of Populus balsamifera and Salix eriocephala to Salinity and Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater: Potential for Phytoremediation Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207641. [PMID: 33092092 PMCID: PMC7589555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic soil degradation is resulting in a substantial rise in the extension of saline and industrially-polluted soils. Phytoremediation offers an environmentally and economically advantageous solution to soil contamination. Three growth trials were conducted to assess the stress tolerance of native Canadian genotypes of Populus balsamifera L., Salix eriocephala Michx., and one hybrid willow (S. discolor × S. dasyclados) to salinity and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) wastewater. Thirty-three genotypes were grown in NaCl or fracking wastewater solutions between 0 and 7 mS−1 over a period of 3–4 months. P. balsamifera was observed to be relatively salt-intolerant compared to S. eriocephala and hybrid willow, which is likely caused by an inability of P. balsamifera to restrict Na+ translocation. Photosynthesis and transpiration decreased with salinity treatments, and severe reductions occurred with exposure to fracking solutions. Raffinose and stachyose content was tripled in leaf and root tissues. In willows, Na+ was primarily confined to root tissues, Cl− accumulated up to 5% dry weight in leaves, and K+ was translocated from roots to leaves. Willow genotypes CAM-2 and STL-2 displayed the greatest maintenance of growth and resistance to necrotic symptoms in all trials, suggesting that these genotypes may be useful for practical application and further field study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Bilek
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | | | - Robert D. Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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48
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Analin B, Mohanan A, Bakka K, Challabathula D. Cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase pathways of mitochondrial electron transport chain are important for the photosynthetic performance of pea plants under salinity stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:248-259. [PMID: 32570012 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The flexible plant mitochondrial electron transport chain with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways is known to be modulated by abiotic stress conditions. The effect of salinity stress on the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the importance of COX and AOX pathways for optimization of photosynthesis under salinity stress conditions is not clearly understood. In the current study, importance of COX and AOX pathways for photosynthetic performance of pea plants (Pisum sativum L. Pea Arkel cv) was analysed by using the mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors Antimycin A (AA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) which restrict the electron flow through COX and AOX pathways respectively. Salinity stress resulted in decreased CO2 assimilation rates, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration in a stress dependent manner. Superimposition of leaves of salt stressed plants with AA and SHAM caused cellular H2O2 and O2- accumulation along with cell death. Additionally, aggravation in decrease of CO2 assimilation rates, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration upon superimposition with AA and SHAM during salinity stress suggests the importance of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport for photosynthesis. Increased expression of AOX1a and AOX2 transcripts along with AOX protein levels indicated up regulation of AOX pathway in leaves during salinity stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements revealed enhanced damage to Photosystem (PS) II in the presence of AA and SHAM during salinity stress. Results suggested the beneficial role of COX and AOX pathways for optimal photosynthetic performance in pea leaves during salinity stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Analin
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Akhil Mohanan
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Kavya Bakka
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Dinakar Challabathula
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
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Ji J, Shi S, Chen W, Xie T, Du C, Sun J, Shi Z, Gao R, Jiang Z, Xiao W. Effects of exogenous γ-Aminobutyric acid on the regulation of respiration and protein expression in germinating seeds of mungbean (Vigna radiata) under salt conditions. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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50
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de Oliveira DF, Lopes LDS, Gomes-Filho E. Metabolic changes associated with differential salt tolerance in sorghum genotypes. PLANTA 2020; 252:34. [PMID: 32761417 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of specific metabolites, mainly γ-aminobutyric acid, polyamines, and proline, was essential to homeostasis regulation and differential salt tolerance in sorghum genotypes. Salinity is severe abiotic stress that limits plant growth and development in arid and semi-arid regions. Survival to abiotic stresses depends on metabolic and sometimes even morphological adjustments. We measured the growth parameters, water relations, the content of ions (Na+, K+, Cl-), compatible solutes [some free amino acids (FAAs) including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and proline and soluble carbohydrates) and polyamines (PAs), the activity of PAs metabolism enzymes, and metabolomic profile in plants after 14 days of salt stress treatment. These analyses were to evaluate the influence of metabolomic responses of sorghum genotypes exhibiting sensitivity (CSF18) or tolerance (CSF20) to salinity on plant growth. The salinity promoted growth reductions and induced increases in Na+ and Cl- content and decreases in K+ content. The water status and osmotic potential (Ψo) were reduced by salt stress, but to minimize damage, especially in the CSF20, the osmolytes and PAs contributed to the osmotic adjustment. The results showed that salinity induced an increase in putrescine (Put) in the sensitive genotype. However, it raised spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), and cadaverine (Cad) in the tolerant genotype. In addition, the regulation of polyamine oxidase can be related to Spm and GABA biosynthesis. Differential metabolic changes to salt tolerance include metabolites associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and the metabolisms of sugars, FAAs, and PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Farias de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Science and Technology in Salinity (INCTSal/CNPq), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lineker de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Science and Technology in Salinity (INCTSal/CNPq), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Enéas Gomes-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Science and Technology in Salinity (INCTSal/CNPq), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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