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Wang C, Geng Y, Wang H, Ren Z, Hou Q, Fang A, Wu Q, Wu L, Shi X, Zhou M, Fu ZF, Lovell JF, Jin H, Zhao L. A broadly applicable protein-polymer adjuvant system for antiviral vaccines. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1451-1483. [PMID: 38750307 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Although protein subunit vaccines generally have acceptable safety profiles with precise antigenic content, limited immunogenicity can lead to unsatisfactory humoral and cellular immunity and the need for vaccine adjuvants and delivery system. Herein, we assess a vaccine adjuvant system comprising Quillaja Saponaria-21(QS-21) and cobalt porphyrin polymeric micelles that enabling the display of His-tagged antigen on its surface. The nanoscale micelles promote antigen uptake and dendritic cell activation to induce robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and germinal center formation. Using the recombinant protein antigens from influenza A and rabies virus, the micelle adjuvant system elicited robust antiviral responses and protected mice from lethal challenge. In addition, this system could be combined with other antigens to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in models of three highly pathogenic viral pathogens: Ebola virus, Marburg virus, and Nipah virus. Collectively, our results demonstrate this polymeric micelle adjuvant system can be used as a potent nanoplatform for developing antiviral vaccine countermeasures that promote humoral and cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Geng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zeheng Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingxiu Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - An Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Wang N, Wang T. Innovative translational platforms for rapid developing clinical vaccines against COVID-19 and other infectious disease. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300658. [PMID: 38403469 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A vaccine is a biological preparation that contains the antigen capable of stimulating the immune system to form the defense against pathogens. Vaccine development often confronts big challenges, including time/energy-consuming, low efficacy, lag to pathogen emergence and mutation, and even safety concern. However, these seem now mostly conquerable through constructing the advanced translational platforms that can make innovative vaccines, sometimes, potentiated with a distinct multifunctional VADS (vaccine adjuvant delivery system), as evidenced by the development of various vaccines against the covid-19 pandemic at warp speed. Particularly, several covid-19 vaccines, such as the viral-vectored vaccines, mRNA vaccines and DNA vaccines, regarded as the innovative ones that are rapidly made via the high technology-based translational platforms. These products have manifested powerful efficacy while showing no unacceptable safety profile in clinics, allowing them to be approved for massive vaccination at also warp speed. Now, the proprietary translational platforms integrated with the state-of-the-art biotechnologies, and even the artificial intelligence (AI), represent an efficient mode for rapid making innovative clinical vaccines against infections, thus increasingly attracting interests of vaccine research and development. Herein, the advanced translational platforms for making innovative vaccines, together with their design principles and immunostimulatory efficacies, are comprehensively elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Biological engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Mueller JL, Mathenge R, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. An integrated signaling threshold initiates IgG response towards virus-like immunogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.28.577643. [PMID: 38469153 PMCID: PMC10926662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.28.577643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Class-switched neutralizing antibody (nAb) production is rapidly induced upon many viral infections. However, due to the presence of multiple components in typical virions, the precise biochemical and biophysical signals from viral infections that initiate nAb responses remain inadequately defined. Using a reductionist system of synthetic virus-like structures (SVLS) containing minimal, highly purified biochemical components commonly found in enveloped viruses, here we show that a foreign protein on a virion-sized liposome can serve as a stand-alone danger signal to initiate class-switched nAb responses in the absence of cognate T cell help or Toll-like receptor signaling but requires CD19, the antigen (Ag) coreceptor on B cells. Introduction of internal nucleic acids (iNAs) obviates the need for CD19, lowers the epitope density (ED) required to elicit the Ab response and transforms these structures into highly potent immunogens that rival conventional virus-like particles in their ability to elicit strong Ag-specific IgG. As early as day 5 after immunization, structures harbouring iNAs and decorated with just a few molecules of surface Ag at doses as low as 100 ng induced all IgG subclasses of Ab known in mice and reproduced the IgG2a/2c restriction that has been long observed in live viral infections. These findings reveal a shared mechanism for nAb response upon viral infection. High ED is capable but not necessary for driving Ab secretion in vivo . Instead, even a few molecules of surface Ag, when combined with nucleic acids within these structures, can trigger strong antiviral IgG production. As a result, the signaling threshold for the induction of neutralizing IgG is set by dual signals originating from both ED on the surface and the presence of iNAs within viral particulate immunogens. One-sentence summary Reconstitution of minimal viral signals necessary to initiate antiviral IgG.
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Temchura V, Wagner JT, Damm D. Immunogenicity of Recombinant Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines: Danger Signal vs. Helping Hand. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38258035 PMCID: PMC10818441 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a predominant problem in human health. While the incidence of many pathogenic infections is controlled by vaccines, some pathogens still pose a challenging task for vaccine researchers. In order to face these challenges, the field of vaccine development has changed tremendously over the last few years. For non-replicating recombinant antigens, novel vaccine delivery systems that attempt to increase the immunogenicity by mimicking structural properties of pathogens are already approved for clinical applications. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LbNPs) of different natures are vesicles made of lipid layers with aqueous cavities, which may carry antigens and other biomolecules either displayed on the surface or encapsulated in the cavity. However, the efficacy profile of recombinant LbNP vaccines is not as high as that of live-attenuated ones. This review gives a compendious picture of two approaches that affect the immunogenicity of recombinant LbNP vaccines: (i) the incorporation of immunostimulatory agents and (ii) the utilization of pre-existing or promiscuous cellular immunity, which might be beneficial for the development of tailored prophylactic and therapeutic LbNP vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | | | - Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Damm D, Suleiman E, Wagner JT, Klessing S, Pfister F, Elsayed H, Walkenfort B, Stobrawe J, Mayer J, Lehner E, Müller-Schmucker SM, Hasenberg M, Wyatt RT, Vorauer-Uhl K, Temchura V, Überla K. Modulation of immune responses to liposomal vaccines by intrastructural help. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:112-125. [PMID: 37797679 PMCID: PMC10872448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of HIV-unrelated T helper peptides into liposomal vaccines presenting trimers of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) on the surface (T helper liposomes) may recruit heterologous T cells to provide help for Env-specific B cells. This mechanism called intrastructural help can modulate the HIV-specific humoral immune response. In this study, we used cationic T helper liposomes to induce intrastructural help effects in a small animal model. The liposomes were functionalized with Env trimers by a tag-free approach designed to enable a simplified GMP production. The pre-fusion conformation of the conjugated Env trimers was verified by immunogold electron microscopy (EM) imaging and flow cytometry. The liposomes induced strong activation of Env-specific B cells in vitro. In comparison to previously established anionic liposomes, cationic T helper liposomes were superior in CD4+ T cell activation after uptake by dendritic cells. Moreover, the T helper liposomes were able to target Env-specific B cells in secondary lymphoid organs after intramuscular injection. We also observed efficient T helper cell activation and proliferation in co-cultures with Env-specific B cells in the presence of cationic T helper liposomes. Mouse immunization experiments with cationic T helper liposomes further revealed a modulation of the Env-specific IgG subtype distribution and enhancement of the longevity of antibody responses by ovalbumin- and Hepatitis B (HBV)-specific T cell help. Thus, clinical evaluation of the concept of intrastructural help seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ehsan Suleiman
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Jannik T Wagner
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Klessing
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Pfister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hassan Elsayed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jule Stobrawe
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julia Mayer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Lehner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sandra M Müller-Schmucker
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Fan S, Han H, Yan Z, Lu Y, He B, Zhang Q. Lipid-based nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:230-269. [PMID: 37789955 PMCID: PMC10542882 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
As the fourth most important cancer management strategy except surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cancer immunotherapy has been confirmed to elicit durable antitumor effects in the clinic by leveraging the patient's own immune system to eradicate the cancer cells. However, the limited population of patients who benefit from the current immunotherapies and the immune related adverse events hinder its development. The immunosuppressive microenvironment is the main cause of the failure, which leads to cancer immune evasion and immunity cycle blockade. Encouragingly, nanotechnology has been engineered to enhance the efficacy and reduce off-target toxicity of their therapeutic cargos by spatiotemporally controlling the biodistribution and release kinetics. Among them, lipid-based nanoparticles are the first nanomedicines to make clinical translation, which are now established platforms for diverse areas. In this perspective, we discuss the available lipid-based nanoparticles in research and market here, then describe their application in cancer immunotherapy, with special emphasis on the T cells-activated and macrophages-targeted delivery system. Through perpetuating each step of cancer immunity cycle, lipid-based nanoparticles can reduce immunosuppression and promote drug delivery to trigger robust antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huize Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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7
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Akbari E, Seyedinkhorasani M, Bolhassani A. Conserved multiepitope vaccine constructs: A potent HIV-1 therapeutic vaccine in clinical trials. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:102774. [PMID: 37156468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in preventing HIV-1-associated clinical progression to AIDS, it is unable to eliminate the viral reservoirs and eradicate the HIV-1 infection. Therapeutic vaccination is an alternative approach to alter the HIV-1 infection course. It can induce effective HIV-1-specific immunity to control viremia and eliminate the need for lifelong ART. Immunological data from spontaneous HIV-1 controllers have shown that cross-reactive T-cell responses are the key immune mechanism in HIV-1 control. Directing these responses toward preferred HIV-1 epitopes is a promising strategy in therapeutic vaccine settings. Designing novel immunogens based on the HIV-1 conserved regions containing a wide range of critical T- and B-cell epitopes of the main viral antigens (conserved multiepitope approaches) supplies broad coverage of global diversity in HIV-1 strains and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles. It can also prevent immune induction to undesirable decoy epitopes theoretically. The efficacy of different novel HIV-1 immunogens based on the conserved and/or functional protective site of HIV-1 proteome has been evaluated in multiple clinical trials. Most of these immunogens were generally safe and able to induce potent HIV-1-specific immunity. However, despite these findings, several candidates have demonstrated limited efficacy in viral replication control. In this study, we used the PubMed and ClinicalTrial.gov databases to review the rationale of designing curative HIV-1 vaccine immunogens based on the conserved favorable site of the virus. Most of these studies evaluate the efficacy of vaccine candidates in combination with other therapeutics and/or with new formulations and immunization protocols. This review briefly describes the design of conserved multiepitope constructs and outlines the results of these vaccine candidates in the recent clinical pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Akbari
- Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Xekouki K, Lagopati N, Demetzos C, Gazouli M, Pippa N. A mini review for lipid-based nanovaccines: from their design to their applications. J Liposome Res 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36856671 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2170408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccines have shown to be effective, and this is the reason they are preferred than conventional vaccines. The scope of this review is to describe the role, mechanisms, and advantages of nano vaccines based on lipids, and present the most important types, their physicochemical characteristics, as well as their challenges. The most important categories of lipid nano-vaccines are liposomal nano vaccines and (virus-lipid nanoparticles (NPs)/virosomes. Examples of vaccine formulations from each category are presented and analyzed below, focusing on their structure and physicochemical characteristics. In all cases, a nanoscale platform is used, enriched with adjuvants, antigens, and other helping agents to trigger immune response process and achieve cell targeting, and eventually immunity against the desired disease. The exact mechanism of action of each vaccine is not always completely known or understood. Physicochemical characteristics, such as particle size, morphology/shape, and zeta potential are also mentioned as they seem to affect the properties and mechanism of action of the vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Xekouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Warmenhoven H, Leboux R, Bethanis A, van Strien J, Logiantara A, van Schijndel H, Aglas L, van Rijt L, Slütter B, Kros A, Jiskoot W, van Ree R. Cationic liposomes bearing Bet v 1 by coiled coil-formation are hypo-allergenic and induce strong immunogenicity in mice. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:1092262. [PMID: 36704756 PMCID: PMC9872006 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1092262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aluminum hydroxide (alum) is widely accepted and used as safe vaccine adjuvant, there is some concern about possible toxicity upon long-lasting repeated exposure during subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT). Our objective was to evaluate allergen-bearing liposomes as possible alternative for alum-adsorption in SCIT. A self-assembling, coiled-coil forming peptide pair was used to anchor the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 to the surface of cationic liposomes. The resulting nanoparticulate liposomes were characterized with respect to their physicochemical, allergenic and immunological properties. Allergenicity was studied by ImmunoCAP inhibition and rat basophil leukemia (RBL) cell assays. Immunogenicity (immunoglobulin responses) and immune skewing (cytokine responses) were evaluated upon immunization of naïve mice, and compared to alum-adsorbed Bet v 1. Bet v 1-bearing cationic liposomes with a diameter of ∼200 nm showed a positive zeta potential. The coiled-coil conjugation of Bet v 1 to the surface of liposomes resulted in about a 15-fold lower allergenicity than soluble Bet v 1 as judged by RBL assays. Moreover, the nanoparticles induced Bet v 1-specific IgG1/IgG2a responses in mice that were several orders of magnitude higher than those induced by alum-adsorbed Bet v 1. This strong humoral response was accompanied by a relatively strong IL-10 induction upon PBMC stimulation with Bet v 1. In conclusion, their hypo-allergenic properties, combined with their capacity to induce a strong humoral immune response and a relatively strong IL-10 production, makes these allergen-covered cationic liposomes a promising alternative for aluminum salt-adsorption of allergen currently used in SCIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Warmenhoven
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- HAL Allergy BV, J.H. Oortweg, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Romain Leboux
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jolinde van Strien
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adrian Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leonie van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Zhou S, Luo Y, Lovell JF. Vaccine approaches for antigen capture by liposomes. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:1022-1040. [PMID: 37878481 PMCID: PMC10872528 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2274479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liposomes have been used as carriers for vaccine adjuvants and antigens due to their inherent biocompatibility and versatility as delivery vehicles. Two vial admixture of protein antigens with liposome-formulated immunostimulatory adjuvants has become a broadly used clinical vaccine preparation approach. Compared to freely soluble antigens, liposome-associated forms can enhance antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells and co-deliver antigens with adjuvants, leading to improved vaccine efficacy. AREAS COVERED Several antigen-capture strategies for liposomal vaccines have been developed for proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Specific antigen delivery methodologies are discussed, including electrostatic adsorption, encapsulation inside the liposome aqueous core, and covalent and non-covalent antigen capture. EXPERT OPINION Several commercial vaccines include active lipid components, highlighting an increasingly prominent role of liposomes and lipid nanoparticles in vaccine development. Utilizing liposomes to associate antigens offers potential advantages, including antigen and adjuvant dose-sparing, co-delivery of antigen and adjuvant to immune cells, and enhanced immunogenicity. Antigen capture by liposomes has demonstrated feasibility in clinical testing. New antigen-capture techniques have been developed and appear to be of interest for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Chen CW, Saubi N, Kilpeläinen A, Joseph-Munné J. Chimeric Human Papillomavirus-16 Virus-like Particles Presenting P18I10 and T20 Peptides from HIV-1 Envelope Induce HPV16 and HIV-1-Specific Humoral and T Cell-Mediated Immunity in BALB/c Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010015. [PMID: 36679860 PMCID: PMC9861546 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the HIV-1 P18I10 CTL peptide derived from the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 and the T20 anti-fusion peptide of HIV-1 gp41 were inserted into the HPV16 L1 capsid protein to construct chimeric HPV:HIV (L1:P18I10 and L1:T20) VLPs by using the mammalian cell expression system. The HPV:HIV VLPs were purified by chromatography. We demonstrated that the insertion of P18I10 or T20 peptides into the DE loop of HPV16 L1 capsid proteins did not affect in vitro stability, self-assembly and morphology of chimeric HPV:HIV VLPs. Importantly, it did not interfere either with the HIV-1 antibody reactivity targeting sequential and conformational P18I10 and T20 peptides presented on chimeric HPV:HIV VLPs or with the induction of HPV16 L1-specific antibodies in vivo. We observed that chimeric L1:P18I10/L1:T20 VLPs vaccines could induce HPV16- but weak HIV-1-specific antibody responses and elicited HPV16- and HIV-1-specific T-cell responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, could be a potential booster to increase HIV-specific cellular responses in the heterologous immunization after priming with rBCG.HIVA vaccine. This research work would contribute a step towards the development of the novel chimeric HPV:HIV VLP-based vaccine platform for controlling HPV16 and HIV-1 infection, which is urgently needed in developing and industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Saubi
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Athina Kilpeläinen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Joseph-Munné
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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12
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De Mel J, Hossain M, Shofolawe-Bakare O, Mohammad SA, Rasmussen E, Milloy K, Shields M, Roth EW, Arora K, Cueto R, Tang SC, Wilson JT, Smith AE, Werfel TA. Dual-Responsive Glycopolymers for Intracellular Codelivery of Antigen and Lipophilic Adjuvants. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4705-4716. [PMID: 36374992 PMCID: PMC10013197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional approaches to vaccines use whole organisms to trigger an immune response, but they do not typically generate robust cellular-mediated immunity and have various safety risks. Subunit vaccines composed of proteins and/or peptides represent an attractive and safe alternative to whole organism vaccines, but they are poorly immunogenic. Though there are biological reasons for the poor immunogenicity of proteins and peptides, one other key to their relative lack of immunogenicity could be attributed to the poor pharmacokinetic properties of exogenously delivered proteins and peptides. For instance, peptides often aggregate at the site of injection and are not stable in biological fluids, proteins and peptides are rapidly cleared from circulation, and both have poor cellular internalization and endosomal escape. Herein, we developed a delivery system to address the lack of protein immunogenicity by overcoming delivery barriers as well as codelivering immune-stimulating adjuvants. The glycopolymeric nanoparticles (glycoNPs) are composed of a dual-stimuli-responsive block glycopolymer, poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-b-poly[(pyridyl disulfide ethyl methacrylate)-co-(methacrylamidoglucopyranose)] (p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)]). This polymer facilitates protein conjugation and cytosolic release, the pH-responsive release of lipophilic adjuvants, and pH-dependent membrane disruption to ensure cytosolic delivery of antigens. We synthesized p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)] by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, followed by the formation and physicochemical characterization of glycoNPs using the p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)] building blocks. These glycoNPs conjugated the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and released OVA in response to elevated glutathione levels. Moreover, the glycoNPs displayed pH-dependent drug release of the model hydrophobic drug Nile Red while also exhibiting pH-responsive endosomolytic behavior as indicated by a red blood cell hemolysis assay. GlycoNPs coloaded with OVA and the toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR-7/8) agonist Resiquimod (R848) activated DC 2.4 dendritic cells (DCs) significantly more than free OVA and R848 and led to robust antigen presentation of the OVA epitope SIINFEKL on major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I). In sum, the dual-stimuli-responsive glycopolymer introduced here overcomes major protein and peptide delivery barriers and could vastly improve the immunogenicity of protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith De Mel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mehjabeen Hossain
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Oluwaseyi Shofolawe-Bakare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Emily Rasmussen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Khadeeja Milloy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Micaela Shields
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Eric W Roth
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Karan Arora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Rafael Cueto
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Adam E Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
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13
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Torralba J, de la Arada I, Partida-Hanon A, Rujas E, Arribas M, Insausti S, Valotteau C, Valle J, Andreu D, Caaveiro JMM, Jiménez MA, Apellániz B, Redondo-Morata L, Nieva JL. Molecular recognition of a membrane-anchored HIV-1 pan-neutralizing epitope. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1265. [DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAntibodies against the carboxy-terminal section of the membrane-proximal external region (C-MPER) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) are considered as nearly pan-neutralizing. Development of vaccines capable of producing analogous broadly neutralizing antibodies requires deep understanding of the mechanism that underlies C-MPER recognition in membranes. Here, we use the archetypic 10E8 antibody and a variety of biophysical techniques including single-molecule approaches to study the molecular recognition of C-MPER in membrane mimetics. In contrast to the assumption that an interfacial MPER helix embodies the entire C-MPER epitope recognized by 10E8, our data indicate that transmembrane domain (TMD) residues contribute to binding affinity and specificity. Moreover, anchoring to membrane the helical C-MPER epitope through the TMD augments antibody binding affinity and relieves the effects exerted by the interfacial MPER helix on the mechanical stability of the lipid bilayer. These observations support that addition of TMD residues may result in more efficient and stable anti-MPER vaccines.
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14
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Rhaman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Mim M, Noor alam M, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Sharma R. Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:989471. [PMID: 36120565 PMCID: PMC9478743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.989471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research scientists, molecular biologists, and pharmacologists have placed a strong emphasis on cutting-edge nanostructured materials technologies to increase medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The application of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington’s disease (HD), brain cancer, and hemorrhage has the potential to transform care. Multiple studies have indicated that nanomaterials can be used to successfully treat CNS disorders in the case of neurodegeneration. Nanomedicine development for the cure of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system is critical. Nanoparticles may act as a drug transporter that can precisely target sick brain sub-regions, boosting therapy success. It is important to develop strategies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and improve the effectiveness of medications. One of the probable tactics is the use of different nanoscale materials. These nano-based pharmaceuticals offer low toxicity, tailored delivery, high stability, and drug loading capacity. They may also increase therapeutic effectiveness. A few examples of the many different kinds and forms of nanomaterials that have been widely employed to treat neurological diseases include quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and micelles. These unique qualities, including sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to traverse the BBB when employed in nano-sized particles, make these nanoparticles useful for imaging studies and treatment of NDs. Multifunctional nanoparticles carrying pharmacological medications serve two purposes: they improve medication distribution while also enabling cell dynamics imaging and pharmacokinetic study. However, because of the potential for wide-ranging clinical implications, safety concerns persist, limiting any potential for translation. The evidence for using nanotechnology to create drug delivery systems that could pass across the BBB and deliver therapeutic chemicals to CNS was examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rhaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mobasharah Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Noor alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
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15
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Azlyna ASN, Ahmad S, Husna SMN, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A, Norazmi MN, Mohamud R, Kadir R. Review: Liposomes in the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases. Life Sci 2022; 305:120734. [PMID: 35760094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain as one of the major burdens among health communities as well as in the general public despite the advances in prevention and treatment. Although vaccination and vector eliminations have greatly prevented the transmission of these diseases, the effectiveness of these strategies is no longer guaranteed as new challenges such as drug resistance and toxicity as well as the missing effective therapeutics arise. Hence, the development of new tools to manage these challenges is anticipated, in which nano technology using liposomes as effective nanostructure is highly considered. In this review, we concentrate on the advantages of liposomes in the drug delivery system and the development of vaccine in the treatment of three major infectious diseases; tuberculosis (TB), malaria and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramlah Kadir
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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16
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Chuang ST, Conklin B, Stein JB, Pan G, Lee KB. Nanotechnology-enabled immunoengineering approaches to advance therapeutic applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:19. [PMID: 35482149 PMCID: PMC9047473 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has reached clinical success in the last decade, with the emergence of new and effective treatments such as checkpoint blockade therapy and CAR T-cell therapy that have drastically improved patient outcomes. Still, these therapies can be improved to limit off-target effects, mitigate systemic toxicities, and increase overall efficacies. Nanoscale engineering offers strategies that enable researchers to attain these goals through the manipulation of immune cell functions, such as enhancing immunity against cancers and pathogens, controlling the site of immune response, and promoting tolerance via the delivery of small molecule drugs or biologics. By tuning the properties of the nanomaterials, such as size, shape, charge, and surface chemistry, different types of immune cells can be targeted and engineered, such as dendritic cells for immunization, or T cells for promoting adaptive immunity. Researchers have come to better understand the critical role the immune system plays in the progression of pathologies besides cancer, and developing nanoengineering approaches that seek to harness the potential of immune cell activities can lead to favorable outcomes for the treatment of injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar T Chuang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joshua B Stein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - George Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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17
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Atukorale PU, Moon TJ, Bokatch AR, Lusi CF, Routhier JT, Deng VJ, Karathanasis E. Dual agonist immunostimulatory nanoparticles combine with PD1 blockade for curative neoadjuvant immunotherapy of aggressive cancers. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1144-1159. [PMID: 35023530 PMCID: PMC8795493 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06577g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lethal cancer is characterized by drug-resistant relapse and metastasis. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of a neoadjuvant therapeutic strategy prior to surgery that combines the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD1 with a powerful immunostimulatory nanoparticle (immuno-NP). Lipid-based immuno-NPs are uniquely designed to co-encapsulate a STING and TLR4 agonist that are functionally synergistic. Efficacy of neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy was assessed in three aggressive murine tumor models, including B16F10 melanoma and 4T1 and D2.A1 breast cancer. Primary splenocytes treated with dual-agonist immuno-NPs produced a 75-fold increased production of interferon β compared to single-agonist treatments. Systemic delivery facilitated the widespread deposition of immuno-NPs in the perivascular space throughout the tumor mass and their preferential uptake by tumor-resident antigen-presenting cells. Our findings strongly suggested that immuno-NPs, when administered in combination with anti-PD1, harnessed and activated the otherwise "exhausted" CD8+ T cells as key mediators of tumor clearance. Neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy resulted in significant efficacy, curative responses, and protective immunological memory in 71% of good-responding mice bearing B16F10 melanoma tumors and showed similar trends in the two breast cancer models. Finally, this neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy drove the generation of B and T cell de novo epitopes for a comprehensive memory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhani U Atukorale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Taylor J Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Alexandr R Bokatch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Christina F Lusi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jackson T Routhier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Victoria J Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Efstathios Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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18
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Van Herck S, Feng B, Tang L. Delivery of STING agonists for adjuvanting subunit vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114020. [PMID: 34756942 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant is an essential component in subunit vaccines. Many agonists of pathogen recognition receptors have been developed as potent adjuvants to optimize the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines. Recently discovered cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway has attracted much attention as it is a key mediator for modulating immune responses. Vaccines adjuvanted with STING agonists are found to mediate a robust immune defense against infections and cancer. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms of STING agonists in the context of vaccination. Next, we present recent progress in novel STING agonist discovery and the delivery strategies. We next highlight recent work in optimizing the efficacy while minimizing toxicity of STING agonist-assisted subunit vaccines for protection against infectious diseases or treatment of cancer. Finally, we share our perspectives of current issues and future directions in further developing STING agonists for adjuvanting subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Van Herck
- Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bing Feng
- Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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Kim J, Archer PA, Thomas SN. Innovations in lymph node targeting nanocarriers. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101534. [PMID: 34836772 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues in the body that facilitate the co-mingling of immune cells to enable and regulate the adaptive immune response. They are also tissues implicated in a variety of diseases, including but not limited to malignancy. The ability to access lymph nodes is thus attractive for a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. As nanotechnologies are now well established for their potential in translational biomedical applications, their high relevance to applications that involve lymph nodes is highlighted. Herein, established paradigms of nanocarrier design to enable delivery to lymph nodes are discussed, considering the unique lymph node tissue structure as well as lymphatic system physiology. The influence of delivery mechanism on how nanocarrier systems distribute to different compartments and cells that reside within lymph nodes is also elaborated. Finally, current advanced nanoparticle technologies that have been developed to enable lymph node delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Paul A Archer
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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20
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Kim D, Rahhal N, Rademacher C. Elucidating Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions Using Nanoparticle-Based Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:669969. [PMID: 34046397 PMCID: PMC8144316 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.669969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are present on every living cell and coordinate important processes such as self/non-self discrimination. They are amongst the first molecular determinants to be encountered when cellular interactions are initiated. In particular, they resemble essential molecular fingerprints such as pathogen-, danger-, and self-associated molecular patterns guiding key decision-making in cellular immunology. Therefore, a deeper understanding of how cellular receptors of the immune system recognize incoming particles, based on their carbohydrate signature and how this information is translated into a biological response, will enable us to surgically manipulate them and holds promise for novel therapies. One approach to elucidate these early recognition events of carbohydrate interactions at cellular surfaces is the use of nanoparticles coated with defined carbohydrate structures. These particles are captured by carbohydrate receptors and initiate a cellular cytokine response. In the case of endocytic receptors, the capturing enables the engulfment of exogenous particles. Thereafter, the particles are sorted and degraded during their passage in the endolysosomal pathway. Overall, these processes are dependent on the nature of the endocytic carbohydrate receptors and consequently reflect upon the carbohydrate patterns on the exogenous particle surface. This interplay is still an under-studied subject. In this review, we summarize the application of nanoparticles as a promising tool to monitor complex carbohydrate-protein interactions in a cellular context and their application in areas of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nowras Rahhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Wang F, Ullah A, Fan X, Xu Z, Zong R, Wang X, Chen G. Delivery of nanoparticle antigens to antigen-presenting cells: from extracellular specific targeting to intracellular responsive presentation. J Control Release 2021; 333:107-128. [PMID: 33774119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate delivery system can improve the immune effects of antigens against various infections or tumors. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are specialized to capture and process antigens in vivo, which link the innate and adaptive immune responses. Functionalization of vaccine delivery systems with targeting moieties to APCs is a promising strategy for provoking potent immune responses. Additionally, the internalization and intracellular distribution of antigens are closely related to the initiation of downstream immune responses. With a deeper understanding of the intracellular microenvironment and the mechanisms of antigen presentation, vehicles designed to respond to endogenous and external stimuli can modulate antigen processing and presentation pathways, which are critical to the types of immune response. Here, an overview of extracellular targeting delivery of antigens to APCs and intracellular stimulus-responsiveness strategies is provided, which might be helpful for the rational design of vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Aftab Ullah
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xuelian Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rongling Zong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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22
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Zarubova J, Zhang X, Hoffman T, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Li S. Biomaterial-based immunoengineering to fight COVID-19 and infectious diseases. MATTER 2021; 4:1528-1554. [PMID: 33723531 PMCID: PMC7942141 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus often induces the dysregulation of immune responses, tissue damage, and blood clotting. Engineered biomaterials from the nano- to the macroscale can provide targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, local immunomodulation, enhanced immunity, and other desirable functions to coordinate appropriate immune responses and to repair tissues. Based on the understanding of COVID-19 disease progression and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, we discuss possible immunotherapeutic strategies and highlight biomaterial approaches from the perspectives of preventive immunization, therapeutic immunomodulation, and tissue healing and regeneration. Successful development of biomaterial platforms for immunization and immunomodulation will not only benefit COVID-19 patients, but also have broad applications for a variety of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xuexiang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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23
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Vu MN, Kelly HG, Tan H, Juno JA, Esterbauer R, Davis TP, Truong NP, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Hemagglutinin Functionalized Liposomal Vaccines Enhance Germinal Center and Follicular Helper T Cell Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002142. [PMID: 33690985 PMCID: PMC8206650 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable successes of immunization in protecting public health, safe and effective vaccines against a number of life-threatening pathogens such as HIV, ebola, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 remain urgently needed. Subunit vaccines can avoid potential toxicity associated with traditional whole virion-inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines; however, the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines is often poor. A facile method is here reported to produce lipid nanoparticle subunit vaccines that exhibit high immunogenicity and elicit protection against influenza virus. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) immunogens are functionalized on the surface of liposomes via stable metal chelation chemistry, using a scalable advanced microfluidic mixing technology (NanoAssemblr). Immunization of mice with HA-liposomes elicits increased serum antibody titers and superior protection against highly pathogenic virus challenge compared with free HA protein. HA-liposomal vaccines display enhanced antigen deposition into germinal centers within the draining lymph nodes, driving increased HA-specific B cell, and follicular helper T cell responses. This work provides mechanistic insights into highly protective HA-liposome vaccines and informs the rational design and rapid production of next generation nanoparticle subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai N. Vu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
- Department of PharmaceuticsHanoi University of PharmacyHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Hannah G. Kelly
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Hyon‐Xhi Tan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Australia Institute of Bioengineering & NanotechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyMonash UniversityParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3000Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC3004Australia
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24
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Zaheer T, Pal K, Zaheer I. Topical review on nano-vaccinology: Biochemical promises and key challenges. Process Biochem 2021; 100:237-244. [PMID: 33013180 PMCID: PMC7521878 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have wide-ranging biomedical applications in prevention, treatment and control of diseases. Nanoparticle based vaccines have proven prodigious prophylaxis of various infectious and non-infectious diseases of human and animal concern. Nano-vaccines outnumber the conventional vaccines by virtue of plasticity in physio-chemical properties and ease of administration. The efficacy of nano-based vaccines may be attributed to the improved antigen stability, minimum immuno-toxicity, sustained release, enhanced immunogenicity and the flexibility of physical features of nanoparticles. Based on these, the nano-based vaccines have potential to evoke both cellular and humoral immune responses. Targeted and highly specific immunological pathways required for solid and long lasting immunity may be achieved with specially engineered nano-vaccines. This review presents an insight into the prevention of infectious diseases (of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin) and non-infectious diseases (cancer, auto-immune diseases) using nano-vaccinology. Additionally, key challenges to the effective utilization of nano-vaccines from bench to clinical settings have been highlighted as research domains for future.
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Key Words
- CAPN, calcium-phosphate nanoparticles
- CNT, carbon nanotube
- COVID-19, Corona virus disease-2019
- Chi-Alg, chitosan alginate
- HIV, human immune deficiency virus
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- ISCOMS, immune stimulating complexes
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- Immunity
- MERS, Middle-East respiratory syndrome
- MRSA, methcillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- NMVs, nano multilamellar lipid vesicles
- Nanoparticles
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PSNP, polystyrene nanoparticles
- Pathogens
- Prevention
- SAPN, Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticle
- SARS-CoV-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-1
- VLP, virus like particles
- Vaccine
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Affiliation(s)
- Tean Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
- Wuhan University, 8 East Lake South Road, Wuchang 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Iqra Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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25
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Chattopadhyay S, Hu CMJ. Nanomedicinal delivery of stimulator of interferon genes agonists: recent advances in virus vaccination. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2883-2894. [PMID: 33252301 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and their agonists as primary components that link antiviral innate and adaptive immunity has motivated growing research on STING agonist-mediated immunotherapy and vaccine development. To overcome the delivery challenge in shuttling highly polar STING agonists, typically in the form of cyclic dinucleotides, to target cells and to STING proteins in cellular cytosol, numerous nanoformulation strategies have been implemented for effective STING activation. While many STING-activating nanoparticles are developed to enhance anticancer immunotherapy, their adoption as vaccine adjuvant has vastly propelled antiviral vaccination efforts against challenging public health threats, including HIV, influenza and coronaviruses. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic that has thrusted vaccine development into the public spotlight, this review highlights advances in nanomedicinal STING agonist delivery with an emphasis on their applications in antiviral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saborni Chattopadhyay
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University & Academic Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University & Academic Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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26
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Cardoso VMDO, Moreira BJ, Comparetti EJ, Sampaio I, Ferreira LMB, Lins PMP, Zucolotto V. Is Nanotechnology Helping in the Fight Against COVID-19? FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2020.588915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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27
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Chen L, Liu B, Sun P, Wang W, Luo S, Zhang W, Yang Y, Wang Z, Lin J, Chen PR. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Spike Protein Nanogel as a Pro-Antigen Strategy with Enhanced Protective Immune Responses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004237. [PMID: 33107685 PMCID: PMC7645880 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and intervention methods are urgently needed to curb the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, a general pro-antigen strategy for subunit vaccine development based on the reversibly formulated receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-RBD) is reported. Since the poor lymph node targeting and uptake of S-RBD by antigen-presenting cells prevent effective immune responses, S-RBD protein is formulated into a reversible nanogel (S-RBD-NG), which serves as a pro-antigen with enhanced lymph node targeting and dendritic cell and macrophage accumulation. Synchronized release of S-RBD monomers from the internalized S-RBD-NG pro-antigen triggers more potent immune responses in vivo. In addition, by optimizing the adjuvant used, the potency of S-RBD-NG is further improved, which may provide a generally applicable, safer, and more effective strategy for subunit vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Microorganism EngineeringBeijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing100071China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Microorganism EngineeringBeijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing100071China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Shiqiang Luo
- Department of Microorganism EngineeringBeijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing100071China
- Institute of Physical Science and InformationAnhui UniversityHefei230601China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing100850China
| | - Jian Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Peng R. Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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28
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Suleiman E, Mayer J, Lehner E, Kohlhauser B, Katholnig A, Batzoni M, Damm D, Temchura V, Wagner A, Überla K, Vorauer-Uhl K. Conjugation of Native-Like HIV-1 Envelope Trimers onto Liposomes Using EDC/Sulfo-NHS Chemistry: Requirements and Limitations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E979. [PMID: 33081278 PMCID: PMC7589475 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The display of native-like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope (HIV-1 Env) trimers on liposomes has gained wide attention over the last few years. Currently, available methods have enabled the preparation of Env-liposome conjugates of unprecedented quality. However, these protocols require the Env trimer to be tagged and/or to carry a specific functional group. For this reason, we have investigated N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide/N-Hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC/Sulfo-NHS) chemistry for its potential to covalently conjugate tag-free, non-functionalized native-like Env trimers onto the surface of carboxyl-functionalized liposomes. The preservation of the liposome's physical integrity and the immunogen's conformation required a fine-tuned two-step approach based on the controlled use of β-mercaptoethanol. The display of Env trimers was strictly limited to activated liposomes of positive charge, i.e., liposomes with a positive zeta potential that carry amine-reactive Sulfo-NHS esters on their surface. In agreement with that, conjugation was found to be highly ionic strength- and pH-dependent. Overall, we have identified electrostatic pre-concentration (i.e., close proximity between negatively charged Env trimers and positively charged liposomes established through electrostatic attraction) to be crucial for conjugation reactions to proceed. The present study highlights the requirements and limitations of potentially scalable EDC/Sulfo-NHS-based approaches and represents a solid basis for further research into the controlled conjugation of tag-free, non-functionalized native-like Env trimers on the surface of liposomes, and other nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Suleiman
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
| | - Julia Mayer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
| | - Elisabeth Lehner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
| | - Bianca Kohlhauser
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
- University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Katholnig
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
| | - Mirjam Batzoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
- FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Damm
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.D.); (V.T.); (K.Ü.)
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.D.); (V.T.); (K.Ü.)
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.D.); (V.T.); (K.Ü.)
| | - Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (J.M.); (E.L.); (B.K.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (K.V.-U.)
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29
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Sosa AFC, de Olivera da Silva SM, Morgan GP, Schwartz DK, Kaar JL. Mixed Phospholipid Vesicles Catalytically Inhibit and Reverse Amyloid Fibril Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7417-7422. [PMID: 32803986 PMCID: PMC10164471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
While many approaches to reduce fibrillation of amyloid-β (Aβ) have been aimed at slowing fibril formation, the degradation of fibrils remains challenging. We provide insight into fibril degradation as well as the inhibition of fiber formation by lipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol). In the presence of vesicles with the optimal lipid composition, fibril formation was inhibited up to 76%. Additionally, by tuning the lipid composition, mature fibril content decreased up to 74% and the β-sheet content of Aβ was significantly reduced. The reduction in fibril and β-sheet content was consistent with a decrease in fibril diameter and could be attributed to the chaperone-like activity of the mixed vesicles. While demonstrating this remarkable activity, our findings present new evidence that lipid composition has a significant effect on the strength of the interaction between lipid bilayers and Aβ peptides/fibrils. This understanding has intriguing therapeutic implications in treating protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres F. Chaparro Sosa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | | | - Garry P. Morgan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Corresponding Authors: Daniel K. Schwartz, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO 80309, Tel: (303) 735-0240, Fax: (303) 492-4341, ; Joel L. Kaar, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO 80309, Tel: (303) 492-6031, Fax: (303) 492-4341,
| | - Joel L. Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Corresponding Authors: Daniel K. Schwartz, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO 80309, Tel: (303) 735-0240, Fax: (303) 492-4341, ; Joel L. Kaar, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO 80309, Tel: (303) 492-6031, Fax: (303) 492-4341,
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30
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Bartlett S, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Lipids as Activators of Innate Immunity in Peptide Vaccine Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2887-2901. [PMID: 30362416 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181026100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune system plays an important role in pathogen detection and the recognition of vaccines, mainly through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that identify pathogen components (danger signals). One of the typically recognised bacterial components are lipids in conjugation with peptides, proteins and saccharides. Lipidic compounds are readily recognised by the immune system, and thus are ideal candidates for peptide- based vaccine delivery. Thus, bacterial or synthetic lipids mixed with, or conjugated to, antigens have shown adjuvant properties. These systems have many advantages over traditional adjuvants, including low toxicity and good efficacy for stimulating mucosal and systemic immune responses. METHODS The most recent literature on the role of lipids in stimulation of immune responses was selected for this review. The vast majority of reviewed papers were published in the last decade. Older but significant findings are also cited. RESULTS This review focuses on the development of lipopeptide vaccine systems including application of palmitic acid, bacterial lipopeptides, glycolipids and the lipid core peptide and their routes of administration. The use of liposomes as a delivery system that incorporates lipopeptides is discussed. The review also includes a brief description of immune system in relation to vaccinology and discussion on vaccine delivery routes. CONCLUSION Lipids and their conjugates are an ideal frontrunner in the development of safe and efficient vaccines for different immunisation routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Bartlett
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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31
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Chowdhury AD, Sharmin S, Nasrin F, Yamazaki M, Abe F, Suzuki T, Park EY. Use of Target-Specific Liposome and Magnetic Nanoparticle Conjugation for the Amplified Detection of Norovirus. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3560-3568. [PMID: 35025226 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases are one of the most life-threatening diseases as they can erupt unpredictably and spread rapidly in any medium with a very small number of particles. Therefore, the key for lethal virus detection should be highly sensitive in the early-stage detection, which can help increase the chance of survival. Amplification of the detecting signal is one of the most promising mechanisms for the detection of low-concentration analytes. A proper amplification can develop such a kind of system where a small number of particles can produce intense signals for a prominent detection. Keeping this in mind, in this report, we have presented a fluorometric method to detect norovirus (NoV) by a newly developed fluorophore-labeled liposome and a magnetically modified Fe3O4 combined system. Homogeneously distributed amine-functionalized liposomes have been constructed filled with a strong fluorophore of calcein. Simultaneously, (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles are also synthesized by the standard silanization process, and these two separately synthesized nanoparticles were functionalized with an antibody to achieve specificity. The Fe3O4 and calcein-liposome system has been applied for NoV detection, which was magnetically separated from the analyte medium and then externally burst to release the fluorophores from the core of the liposome. The easiness, rapidity, and sensitivity in a wide linear range can offer a huge potential of this method in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Dutta Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sabrina Sharmin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Fahmida Nasrin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, 4-27-2, Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8637, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-Higashi-ku, Handa-yama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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32
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Poon C, Patel AA. Organic and inorganic nanoparticle vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oyen D, Torres JL, Aoto PC, Flores-Garcia Y, Binter Š, Pholcharee T, Carroll S, Reponen S, Wash R, Liang Q, Lemiale F, Locke E, Bradley A, King CR, Emerling D, Kellam P, Zavala F, Ward AB, Wilson IA. Structure and mechanism of monoclonal antibody binding to the junctional epitope of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008373. [PMID: 32150583 PMCID: PMC7082059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasting protection has long been a goal for malaria vaccines. The major surface antigen on Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, the circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), has been an attractive target for vaccine development and most protective antibodies studied to date interact with the central NANP repeat region of PfCSP. However, it remains unclear what structural and functional characteristics correlate with better protection by one antibody over another. Binding to the junctional region between the N-terminal domain and central NANP repeats has been proposed to result in superior protection: this region initiates with the only NPDP sequence followed immediately by NANP. Here, we isolated antibodies in Kymab mice immunized with full-length recombinant PfCSP and two protective antibodies were selected for further study with reactivity against the junctional region. X-ray and EM structures of two monoclonal antibodies, mAb667 and mAb668, shed light on their differential affinity and specificity for the junctional region. Importantly, these antibodies also bind to the NANP repeat region with equal or better affinity. A comparison with an NANP-only binding antibody (mAb317) revealed roughly similar but statistically distinct levels of protection against sporozoite challenge in mouse liver burden models, suggesting that junctional antibody protection might relate to the ability to also cross-react with the NANP repeat region. Our findings indicate that additional efforts are necessary to isolate a true junctional antibody with no or much reduced affinity to the NANP region to elucidate the role of the junctional epitope in protection. The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been the foundation for the design of transmission blocking malaria vaccines. To date, the most promising CSP-based vaccine candidate is RTS,S, which consists of the central repeating NANP amino-acid sequence and the C-terminal domain of CSP fused to hepatitis B surface antigen that assembles into virus-like particles. Potential shortcomings of RTS,S includes the lack of other potential CSP epitopes such as the junctional epitope, which is located between the N-terminal domain of CSP and the start of the NANP repeat region. Here, we elicited antibodies against full-length CSP and screened for junctional epitope binding. We then used an array of biophysical techniques to elucidate the nature of the binding and tested the level of two protective antibodies in a mouse challenge model. Although the antibodies were able to bind both junctional and NANP epitopes, the in vivo data showed distinct levels of protection between themselves and also to an NANP-only binder. Our data suggest that their protection ability may be related to the strong cross-reactivity with NANP epitopes. Since all reported junctional antibodies to date have dual-specificity, we suggest that a true junctional binder with no or very low NANP affinity, if one can be found, is essential to evaluate the contribution of the junctional epitope to protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oyen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Phillip C. Aoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Špela Binter
- Kymab Ltd., The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tossapol Pholcharee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Carroll
- Atreca Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sini Reponen
- Atreca Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rachael Wash
- Kymab Ltd., The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Liang
- Kymab Ltd., The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Lemiale
- PATH’s Malaria Vaccine Initiative, PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Washington, United States of America
| | - Emily Locke
- PATH’s Malaria Vaccine Initiative, PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Washington, United States of America
| | - Allan Bradley
- Kymab Ltd., The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Richter King
- PATH’s Malaria Vaccine Initiative, PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel Emerling
- Atreca Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd., The Bennet Building (B930), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shao S, Huang WC, Lin C, Hicar MD, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Lovell JF. An Engineered Biomimetic MPER Peptide Vaccine Induces Weakly HIV Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:1991-2001. [PMID: 31832930 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A vaccine that induces broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) would be instrumental in controlling the disease. The membrane proximal external region (MPER) peptide is an appealing antigen candidate since it is conserved and is the target of several human bnAbs, such as 2F5. We previously found that liposomes containing cobalt porphyrin-phospholipid (CoPoP) can bind to a his-tagged MPER peptide, resulting in biomimetic antigen presentation on a lipid bilayer. The present study generated various his-tagged, synthetic MPER fragments, which were bound to liposomes containing CoPoP and a synthetic monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and assessed for immunogenicity in mice. MPER peptides with amino acids stretches originating from the membrane insertion point that were at least 25 amino acids in length, had greater 2F5 reactivity and induced stronger antibody responses, compared to shorter ones. Immunization with the lipid-presented MPER elicited stronger antibody responses compared to Alum and Montanide adjuvants, which could recognize recombinant gp41 and gp140 proteins that contained MPER sequences. The induced antibodies neutralized a tier 1A virus that is sensitive to neutralizing antibodies (W61D(TCLA)0.71), but not another tier 1A nor a tier 2 strain. Co-formulation of the MPER peptide with an unrelated malaria protein antigen (Pfs25) that is effectively adjuvanted with liposomes containing CoPoP and MPLA resulted in elicitation of higher MPER antibody levels, but did not improve neutralization, possibly due to interference with proper peptide presentation in the membrane. Murine hybridomas were generated that produced MPER antibodies, but they were non-neutralizing. These results do not show that bnAbs could be generated with MPER peptides and CoPoP liposomes, but do not rule out this possibility with additional improvements to the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Cuiyan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Mark D Hicar
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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35
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Vijayan V, Mohapatra A, Uthaman S, Park IK. Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E534. [PMID: 31615112 PMCID: PMC6835828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines plays a vital role in the effective control of several fatal diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed for completely curing deadly diseases, such as cancer, malaria, HIV, and serious microbial infections. Thus, suitable vaccine candidates need to be designed to elicit appropriate immune responses. Nanotechnology has been found to play a unique role in the design of vaccines, providing them with enhanced specificity and potency. Nano-scaled materials, such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and protein NPs, have received considerable attention over the past decade as potential carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, due to their beneficial advantages, like improved antigen stability, targeted delivery, and long-time release, for which antigens/adjuvants are either encapsulated within, or decorated on, the NP surface. Flexibility in the design of nanomedicine allows for the programming of immune responses, thereby addressing the many challenges encountered in vaccine development. Biomimetic NPs have emerged as innovative natural mimicking biosystems that can be used for a wide range of biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in biomimetic nanovaccines, and their use in anti-bacterial therapy, anti-HIV therapy, anti-malarial therapy, anti-melittin therapy, and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Vijayan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea.
| | - Adityanarayan Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea.
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea.
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36
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Liu Z, Zhu T, He J, Zhang Y, Gu P, Qiu T, Bo R, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Adjuvanticity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide liposomes on porcine circovirus type-II in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:1158-1164. [PMID: 31520706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a fungal, for promoting health and longevity in China and other Asian countries. Polysaccharide (PS) extracted from Ganoderma lucidum exhibits a variety of immunomodulatory activities and has the ability to induce strong immune responses. Liposomes (Lip) have been shown to be useful carriers of vaccine antigens and can be applied as a versatile delivery system for vaccine adjuvants. Here, PS and inactivated porcine circovirus type II (PCV-II) were encapsulated into Lip as a vaccine and inoculated into mice. The magnitude and kinetics of adjuvant activity were investigated. Polysaccharide-loaded liposomes (Lip-PS) could induce more efficient PCV-II-specific immune responses than other single-component formulations. The Lip-PS group displayed robust and higher titers of PCV-II-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies and IgG subtypes as well as higher cytokine levels, furthermore, splenocytes were activated by Lip-PS. Thus, Lip-PS formulation produced vigorous humoral and cellular immune responses, with a mixed T-helper (Th)1/Th2/Th17 immune response and slight Th1 polarized cellular immune response. Overall, these results suggested that Lip-PS could provide a universal platform for vaccine design against PCV-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Jin He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Tianxin Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, PR China.
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37
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Zhang Z, Wei X, Lin Y, Huang F, Shao J, Qi J, Deng T, Li Z, Gao S, Li S, Yu H, Zhao Q, Li S, Gu Y, Xia N. HIV-1 Membrane-Proximal External Region Fused to Diphtheria Toxin Domain-A Elicits 4E10-Like Antibodies in Mice. Immunol Lett 2019; 213:30-38. [PMID: 31356841 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The production of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a major goal in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine. The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of gp41, which plays a critical role in the virus membrane fusion process, is highly conserved and targeted by bNAbs 2F5, 4E10, and 10E8. As such, MPER could be a promising epitope for vaccine design. In this study, diphtheria toxin domain A (CRM197, amino acids 1-191) was used as a scaffold to display the 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes of MPER, named CRM197-A-2F5 and CRM197-A-4E10. Modest neutralizing activities were detected against HIV-1 clade B and D viruses in the sera from mice immunized with CRM197-A-4E10. Monoclonal antibodies raised from CRM197-A-4E10 could neutralize several HIV-1 strains, and epitope-mapping analysis indicated that some antibodies recognized the same amino acids as 4E10. Collectively, we show that 4E10-like antibodies can be induced by displaying MPER epitopes using an appropriate scaffold. These results provide insights for HIV-1 MPER-based immunogens design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yanling Lin
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jialong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zizhen Li
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shuangquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shaoyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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38
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Brinkkemper M, Sliepen K. Nanoparticle Vaccines for Inducing HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E76. [PMID: 31362378 PMCID: PMC6789800 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous sequence diversity between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains poses a major roadblock for generating a broadly protective vaccine. Many experimental HIV-1 vaccine efforts are therefore aimed at eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that are capable of neutralizing the majority of circulating HIV-1 strains. The envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer on the viral membrane is the sole target of bNAbs and the key component of vaccination approaches aimed at eliciting bNAbs. Multimeric presentation of Env on nanoparticles often plays a critical role in these strategies. Here, we will discuss the different aspects of nanoparticles in Env vaccination, including recent insights in immunological processes underlying their perceived advantages, the different nanoparticle platforms and the various immunogenicity studies that employed nanoparticles to improve (neutralizing) antibody responses against Env.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Brinkkemper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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39
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Singh P, Bodycomb J, Travers B, Tatarkiewicz K, Travers S, Matyas GR, Beck Z. Particle size analyses of polydisperse liposome formulations with a novel multispectral advanced nanoparticle tracking technology. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:680-686. [PMID: 31176851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are potent adjuvant constituents for licensed vaccines and vaccine candidates and carriers for drug delivery. Depending on the method of preparation, liposomes vary in size distribution, either forming uniform small size vesicles or a heterogeneous mixture of small to large vesicles. Importantly, differences in liposomal size have been demonstrated to induce differential immune responses. Determination of particle size distribution could therefore be crucial for the efficacy and stability of vaccine formulations. We compared the techniques of dynamic light scattering, laser diffraction, and conventional nanoparticle tracking analysis with a novel multispectral advanced nanoparticle tracking analysis (MANTA) for particle size determination of mono- and polydisperse liposomes. MANTA reported an average 146 nm size of monodisperse liposomes but showed a multimodal distribution of polydisperse liposomes with continuous sizes from 50 to 2000 nm. However, approximately 95% of particles were in the size range of 50-1500 nm and only few particles were identified in the 1500-2000 nm range for the investigated volume. Based on our results, we conclude that MANTA is the most suitable approach and can serve as stand-alone technique for particle size characterization of heterogeneous liposome samples in the 50-2000 nm size range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U S Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bodycomb
- HORIBA Instruments Inc, 20 Knightsbridge Rd, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA
| | - Bill Travers
- Anatom Technology Inc, 22803 Shady Grove Ct, Baldwin, MD, USA
| | | | - Sean Travers
- Anatom Technology Inc, 22803 Shady Grove Ct, Baldwin, MD, USA
| | - Gary R Matyas
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U S Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zoltan Beck
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U S Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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40
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Wang N, Chen M, Wang T. Liposomes used as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system: From basics to clinical immunization. J Control Release 2019; 303:130-150. [PMID: 31022431 PMCID: PMC7111479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely utilized as a carrier to improve therapeutic efficacy of agents thanks to their merits of high loading capacity, targeting delivery, reliable protection of agents, good biocompatibility, versatile structure modification and adjustable characteristics, such as size, surface charge, membrane flexibility and the agent loading mode. In particular, in recent years, through modification with immunopotentiators and targeting molecules, and in combination with innovative immunization devices, liposomes are rapidly developed as a multifunctional vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) that has a high capability in inducing desired immunoresponses, as they can target immune cells and even cellular organelles, engender lysosome escape, and promote Ag cross-presentation, thus enormously enhancing vaccination efficacy. Moreover, after decades of development, several products developed on liposome VADS have already been authorized for clinical immunization and are showing great advantages over conventional vaccines. This article describes in depth some critical issues relevant to the development of liposomes as a VADS, including principles underlying immunization, physicochemical properties of liposomes as the immunity-influencing factors, functional material modification to enhance immunostimulatory functions, the state-of-the-art liposome VADSs, as well as the marketed vaccines based on a liposome VADS. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive reference to the development of novel liposome vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tun Brook Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Minnan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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41
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Kapadia C, Tian S, Perry JL, Luft JC, DeSimone JM. Role of Linker Length and Antigen Density in Nanoparticle Peptide Vaccine. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5547-5555. [PMID: 30972374 PMCID: PMC6450662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have been published emphasizing the significant role of nanoparticle (NP) carriers in antigenic peptide-based subunit vaccines for the induction of potent humoral and cellular responses. Various design parameters of nanoparticle subunit vaccines such as linker chemistry, the proximity of antigenic peptide to NPs, and the density of antigenic peptides on the surface of NPs play an important role in antigen presentation to dendritic cells (DCs) and in subsequent induction of CD8+ T cell response. In this current study, we evaluated the role of peptide antigen proximity and density on DC uptake, antigen cross-presentation, in vitro T cell proliferation, and in vivo induction of CD8+ T cells. To evaluate the role of antigen proximity, CSIINFEKL peptides were systematically conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels through N-hydroxysuccinimide-PEG-maleimide linkers of varying molecular weights: 2k, 5k, and 10k. We observed that the peptides conjugated to NPs via the 2k and 5k PEG linkers resulted in higher uptake in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and increased p-MHC-I formation on the surface of bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) as compared to the 10k PEG linker formulation. However, no significant differences in vitro T cell proliferation and induction of in vivo CD8+ T cells were found among linker lengths. To study the effect of antigen density, CSIINFEKL peptides were conjugated to PEG hydrogels via 5k PEG linkers at various densities. We found that high antigen density NPs presented the highest p-MHC-I on the surface of BMDCs and induced higher proliferation of T cells, whereas NPs with low peptide density resulted in higher DC cell uptake and elevated frequency of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells in mice as compared to the medium- and high-density formulations. Altogether, findings for these experiments highlighted the importance of linker length and peptide antigen density on DC cell uptake, antigen presentation, and induction of in vivo CD8+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan
H. Kapadia
- Division
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology
& Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Division
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology
& Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jillian L. Perry
- Division
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology
& Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - J. Christopher Luft
- Division
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology
& Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Division
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology
& Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- E-mail: . Tel: (919) 962-2166. Fax: (919) 962-5467
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Kelly HG, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Immunological basis for enhanced immunity of nanoparticle vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:269-280. [PMID: 30707635 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1578216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunization has been a remarkably successful public health intervention; however, new approaches to vaccine design are essential to counter existing and emerging infectious diseases which have defied traditional vaccination efforts to date. Nanoparticles (ordered structures with dimensions in the range of 1-1000 nm) have great potential to supplement traditional vaccines based upon pathogen subunits, or killed or attenuated microorganisms, as exemplified by the successful licensure of virus-like particle vaccines for human papillomavirus and hepatitis B. However, the immunological mechanisms that underpin the potent immunity of nanoparticle vaccines are poorly defined. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the immunity of nanoparticle immunization. The display of antigen in a repetitive, ordered array mimics the surface of a pathogen, as does their nanoscale size. These properties facilitate enhanced innate immune activation, improved drainage and retention in lymph nodes, stronger engagement with B cell receptors, and augmented T cell help in driving B cell activation. EXPERT OPINION In the near future, increasingly complex nanoparticle vaccines displaying multiple antigens and/or co-delivered adjuvants will reach clinical trials. An improved mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle vaccination will ultimately facilitate the rational design of improved vaccines for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Kelly
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.,c Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases , Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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Ahmed KS, Hussein SA, Ali AH, Korma SA, Lipeng Q, Jinghua C. Liposome: composition, characterisation, preparation, and recent innovation in clinical applications. J Drug Target 2018; 27:742-761. [PMID: 30239255 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1527337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, pharmaceutical interested researches aimed to develop novel and innovative drug delivery techniques in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. Recently, phospholipid vesicles (Liposomes) are the most known versatile assemblies in the drug delivery systems. The discovery of liposomes arises from self-forming enclosed phospholipid bilayer upon coming in contact with the aqueous solution. Liposomes are uni or multilamellar vesicles consisting of phospholipids produced naturally or synthetically, which are readily non-toxic, biodegradable, and are readily produced on a large scale. Various phospholipids, for instance, soybean, egg yolk, synthetic, and hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine consider the most popular types used in different kinds of formulations. This review summarises liposomes composition, characterisation, methods of preparation, and their applications in different medical fields including cancer therapy, vaccine, ocular delivery, wound healing, and some dermatological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel S Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Saied A Hussein
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Abdelmoneim H Ali
- d State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Sameh A Korma
- d State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Qiu Lipeng
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
| | - Chen Jinghua
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , PR China
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Elbahnasawy MA, Donius LR, Reinherz EL, Kim M. Co-delivery of a CD4 T cell helper epitope via covalent liposome attachment with a surface-arrayed B cell target antigen fosters higher affinity antibody responses. Vaccine 2018; 36:6191-6201. [PMID: 30197285 PMCID: PMC6192012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal vaccines incorporating adjuvant and CD4 T cell helper peptides enhance antibody responses against weakly immunogenic B cell epitopes such as found in the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 gp41 subunit. While the inclusion of exogenous helper peptides in vaccine formulations facilitates stronger and more durable antibody responses, the helper peptide incorporation strategy per se may influence the overall magnitude and quality of B cell target antigen immunogenicity. Both variability in individual peptide encapsulation as well as the potential for liposome surface-associated helper peptides to misdirect the humoral response are potential parameters impacting outcome. In this study, we used MPER/liposome vaccines as a model system to examine how the mode of the potent LACK T helper peptide formulation modulates antibody responses against the MPER antigen. We directly compared liposome surface-arrayed palmitoyl LACK (pLACK) versus soluble LACK (sLACK) encapsulated in the liposomes and free in solution. Independent of LACK formulation methods, dendritic cell activation and LACK presentation were equivalent in vivo. The frequency of MPER-specific GC B cells promoted by sLACK was higher than that stimulated by pLACK formulation, a finding associated with a significantly greater frequency of LACK-specific GC B cells induced by pLACK. While there were no significant differences in the quantity of MPER-specific serological responses, the MPER-specific antibody titer trended higher with sLACK formulated vaccines at the lower dose of LACK. However, pLACK generated relatively greater MPER-specific antibody affinities than those induced by sLACK-formulated vaccines. Overall, the results suggest that liposomal surface-associated LACK enhances immunogenicity of LACK through better engagement of LACK-specific B cells. Of note, this is not detrimental to the induction of MPER-specific immune responses; rather, the elicitation of higher affinity anti-MPER antibodies benefits from augmented help delivered via covalent linkage of the pLACK CD4 T cell epitope in conjunction with MPER/liposome presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Elbahnasawy
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke R Donius
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Li W, Balachandran YL, Hao Y, Hao X, Li R, Nan Z, Zhang H, Shao Y, Liu Y. Amantadine Surface-Modified Silver Nanorods Improves Immunotherapy of HIV Vaccine Against HIV-Infected Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28494-28501. [PMID: 30085647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface modifications can endow nanomaterials with presupposed immunoregulatory functions to optimize vaccine-induced immune responses. In this work, we modified an immunoregulatory molecule, amantadine (Ada), on the outermost layer of PVP-PEG-coated silver nanorods (Ada-PVP-PEG silver nanorods). Such Ada surface-modified silver nanorods promote HIV vaccine-triggered cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) to produce around eightfold stronger tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in vivo. The enhancement of HIV-specific CTL-derived TNF-α significantly facilitates the death of HIV-infected cells (from 28.86 to 84.19%) and reduces HIV production (around sixfold). This work supports the critical role of surface modifications of nanomaterials in fundamentally improving the immunotherapy of HIV vaccine against HIV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Yekkuni L Balachandran
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yanling Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xie Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Zhangjie Nan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Ye Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are highly oriented, well organized, polyvalent structures of nucleic acids conjugated to hollow or solid core nanoparticles. Because they can transfect many tissue and cell types without toxicity, induce minimum immune response, and penetrate various biological barriers (such as the skin, blood-brain barrier, and blood-tumor barrier), they have become versatile tools for the delivery of nucleic acids, drugs, and proteins for various therapeutic purposes. This article describes the unique structures and properties of SNAs and discusses how these properties enable their application in gene regulation, immunomodulation, and drug and protein delivery. It also summarizes current efforts towards clinical translation of SNAs and provides an expert opinion on remaining challenges to be addressed in the path forward to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan H Kapadia
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jilian R Melamed
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Emily S Day
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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Effects of Adjuvants on HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP Trimers In Vitro. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00381-18. [PMID: 29669838 PMCID: PMC6002727 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00381-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Native-like, soluble, recombinant SOSIP trimers of various designs and based on several env genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are being tested as immunogens in different animal models. These experiments almost always involve coformulating the trimers with an adjuvant to boost the magnitude of the immune responses. One factor relevant to the choice of an adjuvant is that it should not physically damage the immunogen or impede its ability to present relevant epitopes. As examples, an adjuvant formulation that includes harsh detergents could disrupt the structural integrity of a trimer, and any charged compounds in the formulation could bind to countercharged regions of the trimer and physically occlude nearby epitopes. While a few adjuvants have been tested for their potential effects on SOSIP trimers in vitro, there has been no systematic study. Here, we have assessed how nine different adjuvants of various compositions affect SOSIP trimers of the BG505 and B41 genotypes. We used negative-stain electron microscopy, thermal denaturation, and gel electrophoresis to evaluate effects on trimer integrity and immunoassays to measure effects on the presentation of various epitopes. We conclude that most of the tested adjuvants are benign from these perspectives, but some raise grounds for concern. An acidified alum formulation is highly disruptive to trimer integrity, and a DNA-based polyanionic CpG oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant binds to trimers and occludes the trimer apex epitope for the PGT145 neutralizing antibody. The methods described here should be generalizable to protein subunit vaccines targeting various pathogens. IMPORTANCE Adjuvant formulations increase the magnitude of immune responses to vaccine antigens. They are critically important for formulation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) vaccines intended to induce antibody production, as Env proteins are otherwise only very weakly immunogenic. The HIV-1 vaccine field now uses the well-defined structures of trimeric Env glycoproteins, like SOSIPs, to present multiple known epitopes for broad and potent neutralizing human antibodies in a native-like conformation. Successful adjuvant formulations must not disrupt how the trimers are folded, as that could adversely affect their performance as immunogens. We studied whether the various adjuvants most commonly used in animal experiments affect the integrity of two different SOSIP trimers in vitro. Most adjuvant classes are not problematic, but an aluminum sulfate formulation is highly damaging, as it exposes trimers to acidic pH and a nucleic acid-based adjuvant can bind to the trimer and block access to a key neutralizing epitope.
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Zhang R, Kramer JS, Smith JD, Allen BN, Leeper CN, Li X, Morton LD, Gallazzi F, Ulery BD. Vaccine Adjuvant Incorporation Strategy Dictates Peptide Amphiphile Micelle Immunostimulatory Capacity. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:73. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chen Z, Moon JJ, Cheng W. Quantitation and Stability of Protein Conjugation on Liposomes for Controlled Density of Surface Epitopes. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1251-1260. [PMID: 29528624 PMCID: PMC6918458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The number and spacing of B-cell epitopes on antigens have a profound impact on the activation of B cells and elicitation of antibody responses, the quantitative aspects of which may be utilized for rational design of vaccines. Ni-chelating liposomes have been widely used as protein carriers in experimental studies of vaccine delivery, owing to the convenience and versatility of this conjugation chemistry. However, the epitope number per particle as well as the stability of protein conjugation on liposomes remain far less characterized. Here we have developed quantitative methods to measure the average spatial density of proteins on liposomes using both ensemble and single-molecule techniques and demonstrated their utility using liposomes conjugated with native proteins of two different sizes. These studies revealed that the initial density of protein conjugation on Ni-chelating liposomes can be finely controlled, but the density can decrease over time upon dilution due to the noncovalent nature of Ni-chelation chemistry. These results indicate that an alternative method other than the Ni-chelation chemistry is needed for stable conjugation of epitopes onto liposomes and also suggest a general strategy that can be used to precisely regulate the epitope density on liposomes for B-cell antigen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 428 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 428 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 428 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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The development of HIV vaccines targeting gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER): challenges and prospects. Protein Cell 2018; 9:596-615. [PMID: 29667004 PMCID: PMC6019655 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine which is able to effectively prevent infection would be the most powerful method of extinguishing pandemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Yet, achieving such vaccine remains great challenges. The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) is a highly conserved region of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp41 subunit near the viral envelope surface, and it plays a key role in membrane fusion. It is also the target of some reported broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Thus, MPER is deemed to be one of the most attractive vaccine targets. However, no one can induce these bNAbs by immunization with immunogens containing the MPER sequence(s). The few attempts at developing a vaccine have only resulted in the induction of neutralizing antibodies with quite low potency and limited breadth. Thus far, vaccine failure can be attributed to various characteristics of MPER, such as those involving structure and immunology; therefore, we will focus on these and review the recent progress in the field from the following perspectives: (1) MPER structure and its role in membrane fusion, (2) the epitopes and neutralization mechanisms of MPER-specific bNAbs, as well as the limitations in eliciting neutralizing antibodies, and (3) different strategies for MPER vaccine design and current harvests.
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