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Jackson SE, Tattan-Birch H, Buss V, Shahab L, Brown J. Trends in Daily Cigarette Consumption Among Smokers: A Population Study in England, 2008-2023. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntae071. [PMID: 38692652 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to estimate time trends in cigarette consumption among smokers in England between 2008 and 2023 and to explore differences by key potential moderators. AIMS AND METHODS We used data from 57 778 adult cigarette smokers participating in a nationally representative monthly cross-sectional survey between January 2008 and September 2023. We estimated monthly time trends in mean daily consumption of (1) any, (2) manufactured, and (3) hand-rolled cigarettes among all smokers and by main type of cigarettes smoked, smoking frequency, age, gender, occupational social grade, region, nicotine replacement therapy use, and vaping status. RESULTS Overall cigarette consumption fell from 13.6 [95% CI = 13.3 to 13.9] to 10.6 [10.5 to 10.8] per day between January 2008 and October 2019 (a 22% decrease), then remained stable up to September 2023. Over this period, the proportion mainly or exclusively smoking hand-rolled cigarettes increased (from 30.6% [29.1%-32.1%] in 2008 to 52.1% [49.7%-54.5%] in 2023). As a result, manufactured cigarette consumption fell by 47%, from 9.5 [9.2-9.8] per day in January 2008 to 5.0 [4.7-5.3] in September 2023, while hand-rolled cigarette consumption increased by 35%, from 4.2 [3.9-4.4] to 5.6 [5.3-5.9], respectively. The decline in overall cigarette consumption was observed across all subgroups, but was greater among non-daily smokers, younger smokers, and those who vaped. CONCLUSIONS Over the last 15 years, the average number of cigarettes consumed each day by smokers in England has fallen by almost a quarter, but has plateaued since October 2019. There has been a sharp decline in the number of manufactured cigarettes consumed and an increase in the number of hand-rolled cigarettes consumed, as smokers have increasingly shifted towards using hand-rolled tobacco. IMPLICATIONS While average cigarette consumption in England has fallen over the past 15 years, this declining trend has stalled (and reversed in some population groups) since 2019. The availability of cheap, hand-rolled tobacco appears to be undermining policies that aim to reduce smoking by raising the price of tobacco (eg, through taxation) and could be targeted to reignite the decline in cigarette consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Tattan-Birch
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vera Buss
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
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Huang C, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu JX, Hu YM, Tang WW, Wang TD, Huang XB. Prevalence and related factors of abdominal obesity among urban adults aged 35 to 79 years in southwest China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1117897. [PMID: 38026354 PMCID: PMC10663276 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1117897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and related factors of abdominal obesity among urban adults aged 35 to 79 years in southwest China. Methods From September 2013 to March 2014, a multi-stage sampling was conducted, and a total of 10,981 people aged 35-79 years living in Chengdu and Chongqing were included. More than 30 investigators were trained in data collection, including questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood biomarkers testing. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women. Results The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 30.7%, 24.8% in males and 33.9% in females (p < 0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity increased with BMI. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was positively correlated with age, sex, marriage, alcohol consumption, hypertension and diabetes, and negatively correlated with high education level, smoking and Physical activity. Conclusion The prevalence of abdominal obesity among adults aged 35-79 in urban communities in southwest China is high, which is close to that of adults in urban communities in China. We should strengthen health education among the population, adopt healthy diet, maintain moderate physical activity and other measures to curb the prevalence of abdominal obesity in urban communities in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Mei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, China
| | - Xiao-bo Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Sergeyev A, Gu L, De Hoedt AM, Amling CL, Aronson WJ, Cooperberg MR, Kane CJ, Klaassen Z, Terris MK, Guerrios-Rivera L, Freedland SJ, Csizmadi I. Diabetes and Prostate Cancer Outcomes in Men with Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Results from the SEARCH Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1208-1216. [PMID: 37294698 PMCID: PMC10529387 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of diabetic men with advanced prostate cancer is poorly understood and understudied. Hence, we studied associations between diabetes and progression to metastases, prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). METHODS Data from men diagnosed with nmCRPC between 2000 and 2017 at 8 Veterans Affairs Health Care Centers were analyzed using Cox regression to determine HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between diabetes and outcomes. Men with diabetes were classified according to: (i) ICD-9/10 codes only, (ii) two HbA1c values > 6.4% (missing ICD-9/10 codes), and (iii) all diabetic men [(i) and (ii) combined]. RESULTS Of 976 men (median age: 76 years), 304 (31%) had diabetes at nmCRPC diagnosis, of whom 51% had ICD-9/10 codes. During a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 613 men were diagnosed with metastases, and 482 PCSM and 741 ACM events occurred. In multivariable-adjusted models, ICD-9/10 code-identified diabetes was inversely associated with PCSM (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.92) while diabetes identified by high HbA1c values (no ICD-9/10 codes) was associated with an increase in ACM (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16-1.72). Duration of diabetes, prior to CRPC diagnosis was inversely associated with PCSM among men identified by ICD-9/10 codes and/or HbA1c values (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98). CONCLUSIONS In men with late-stage prostate cancer, ICD-9/10 'code-identified' diabetes is associated with better overall survival than 'undiagnosed' diabetes identified by high HbA1c values only. IMPACT Our data suggest that better diabetes detection and management may improve survival in late-stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Sergeyev
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lin Gu
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher J. Kane
- University of California San Diego Health System, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Qin GQ, Chen L, Zheng J, Wu XM, Li Y, Yang K, Liu TF, Fang ZZ, Zhang Q. Effect of passive smoking exposure on risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195354. [PMID: 37600719 PMCID: PMC10432686 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of passive smoking exposure on the risk of type 2 diabetes has not been systematically studied. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between passive smoking exposure and the risk of diabetes. Methods We searched three major databases up to 31 October 2022 to identify relevant prospective cohort studies on the association between passive smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between passive smoking exposure and the risk of type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a fixed-effect model. Results Ten prospective cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 251,620 participants involved. The pooled RR showed a significantly positive association between nonsmokers exposed to passive smoking and type 2 diabetes as compared to non-smokers who were not exposed to passive smoking [RR = 1.27; 95% CI (1.19, 1.36); p < 0.001]. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the pooled RR was not substantially affected by any of the individual studies. Conclusion Exposure to passive smoking increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. This study may have a positive effect on the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023372532.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Elderly Health, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Elderly Health, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Elderly Health, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong-Feng Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Elderly Health, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Elderly Health, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
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Deep A, Behera PR, Subhankar S, Rajendran A, Rao CM. Serum Electrolytes in Patients Presenting With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Their Comparison With Stable COPD Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e38080. [PMID: 37252565 PMCID: PMC10208846 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, which may be further aggravated by episodes of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Electrolyte imbalances during these episodes may add to the duration of hospitalization and disease outcome. Aims and objectives This study aims to compare the serum electrolyte levels of patients with AECOPD and stable COPD and correlate them with the severity of exacerbation and disease outcome. Materials and methods The study was conducted as a case-control study between January 2021 and December 2022. Patients with AECOPD and stable COPD were included as "cases" and "controls," respectively. The various serum electrolyte levels were defined as per recent guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 75 patients were included with 41 in the study group and 34 in the control group. The majority of people were between the ages of 61 and 70. The most frequent electrolyte abnormality found was hyponatremia. The mean serum sodium and calcium levels were lower in patients with AECOPD while the mean serum potassium levels were higher. A total of five deaths were recorded in patients with two or more electrolyte imbalances. The latter also had a requirement for home oxygen or non-invasive ventilation at the time of discharge. Conclusion Patients of AECOPD with multiple electrolyte imbalances need scrutinized treatment as they are more prone to develop complications, have poorer outcomes, and prolonged hospital stays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Deep
- Respiratory Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | | | - Saswat Subhankar
- Respiratory Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Aarthi Rajendran
- Respiratory Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - C Mohan Rao
- Respiratory Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
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Titova OE, Baron JA, Fall T, Michaëlsson K, Larsson SC. Swedish Snuff (Snus), Cigarette Smoking, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Prev Med 2023:S0749-3797(23)00020-X. [PMID: 36754744 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, but evidence regarding former smoking and moist snuff (snus) use and Type 2 diabetes risk is inconclusive. This study investigated the relationships of cigarette smoking and Swedish snus use with the risk of Type 2 diabetes in a cohort of middle-aged and elderly participants. METHODS Participants (N=36,742; age range=56-95 years) were followed for incident Type 2 diabetes and death between 2009 and 2017 through linkage to the Swedish National Patient, Prescribed Drug and Death Registers. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to obtain hazard ratios and 95% CIs adjusted for potential confounders, including physical activity, education, BMI, and alcohol intake. Analyses were conducted in 2021‒2022. RESULTS Former and current smoking was associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes (hazard ratios [95% CI]=1.17 [1.07, 1.29] and 1.57 [1.36, 1.81], respectively). In those who stopped smoking, Type 2 diabetes risk remained elevated up to approximately 15 years after cessation. In participants who have never smoked, snus use was linked to a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes in the model adjusted for age and sex (hazard ratio [95% CI]=1.49 [1.04, 2.15]), but this was attenuated after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio [95% Cl]=1.29 [0.89, 1.86]). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that current and former smoking are associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and older individuals. There was less evidence of an association of snus use with the risk of Type 2 diabetes, suggesting that compounds other than nicotine may underlie the detrimental association of smoking with the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Titova
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - John A Baron
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tove Fall
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dai X, Gil GF, Reitsma MB, Ahmad NS, Anderson JA, Bisignano C, Carr S, Feldman R, Hay SI, He J, Iannucci V, Lawlor HR, Malloy MJ, Marczak LB, McLaughlin SA, Morikawa L, Mullany EC, Nicholson SI, O'Connell EM, Okereke C, Sorensen RJD, Whisnant J, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, Murray CJL, Gakidou E. Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study. Nat Med 2022; 28:2045-2055. [PMID: 36216941 PMCID: PMC9556318 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has been widely reported, few attempts have evaluated the dose-response relationship between smoking and a diverse range of health outcomes systematically and comprehensively. In the present study, we re-estimated the dose-response relationships between current smoking and 36 health outcomes by conducting systematic reviews up to 31 May 2022, employing a meta-analytic method that incorporates between-study heterogeneity into estimates of uncertainty. Among the 36 selected outcomes, 8 had strong-to-very-strong evidence of an association with smoking, 21 had weak-to-moderate evidence of association and 7 had no evidence of association. By overcoming many of the limitations of traditional meta-analyses, our approach provides comprehensive, up-to-date and easy-to-use estimates of the evidence on the health effects of smoking. These estimates provide important information for tobacco control advocates, policy makers, researchers, physicians, smokers and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Dai
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Gabriela F Gil
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marissa B Reitsma
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noah S Ahmad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason A Anderson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Bisignano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sinclair Carr
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiawei He
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincent Iannucci
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hilary R Lawlor
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Malloy
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laurie B Marczak
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan A McLaughlin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Larissa Morikawa
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin C Mullany
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sneha I Nicholson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin M O'Connell
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chukwuma Okereke
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reed J D Sorensen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joanna Whisnant
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aleksandr Y Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peng Zheng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Nuhoglu İ, Deger O, Topbaş M, Erem C. The prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors among adult population in a Turkish population (Trabzon city). Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:549-554. [PMID: 35697629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes, and to evaluate the associated risk factors in a sample of adult Turkish population. METHODS A total of 4000 eligible study subjects, aged 20 years or older, chosen by multistage sampling on a field were considered. Of those 3721 subjects (2139 women and 1582 men) participated in the study. RESULTS The prevalence of prediabetes and DM were found to be as 6.4% and 10.4% (3.6% being newly diagnosed by this study), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, advanced age (OR:26.7, p < 0.0005 in the group 70 years and over), marriage (OR:2.05, p = 0.047), housewives (OR:1.34, p = 0.003), family history of diabetes (OR:2.84, p < 0.0005), overweight (OR:1.61, p = 0.026), obesity (OR:2.25, p < 0.0005), hypertension (OR:1.42, p = 0.007) and dyslipidemia (OR:1.38, p = 0.028) were independent risk factors for being diabetic. CONCLUSIONS DM is an important health problem in the adult population of Trabzon city. Newly diagnosed diabetic patients who were unaware of their status are at high risk. To control DM and associated risk factors, effective public health education and taking urgent steps are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Nuhoglu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Orhan Deger
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Murat Topbaş
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Cihangir Erem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
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Lim JE, Kang JO, Ha TW, Jung HU, Kim DJ, Baek EJ, Kim HK, Chung JY, Rhee SY, Kim MK, Kim YJ, Park T, Oh B. Gene-environment interaction in type 2 diabetes in Korean cohorts: Interaction of a type 2 diabetes polygenic risk score with triglyceride and cholesterol on fasting glucose levels. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:285-302. [PMID: 35481584 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by genetic and environmental factors as well as gene-environment interactions. However, these interactions have not been systematically investigated. We analyzed these interactions for T2D and fasting glucose levels in three Korean cohorts, HEXA, KARE, and CAVAS, using the baseline data with a multiple regression model. Two polygenic risk scores for T2D (PRST2D ) and fasting glucose (PRSFG ) were calculated using 488 and 82 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for T2D and fasting glucose, respectively, which were extracted from large-scaled genome-wide association studies with multiethnic data. Both lifestyle risk factors and T2D-related biochemical measurements were assessed. The effect of interactions between PRST2D -triglyceride (TG) and PRST2D -total cholesterol (TC) on fasting glucose levels was observed as follows: β ± SE = 0.0005 ± 0.0001, p = 1.06 × 10-19 in HEXA, β ± SE = 0.0008 ± 0.0001, p = 2.08 × 10-8 in KARE for TG; β ± SE = 0.0006 ± 0.0001, p = 2.00 × 10-6 in HEXA, β ± SE = 0.0020 ± 0.0004, p = 2.11 × 10-6 in KARE, β ± SE = 0.0007 ± 0.0004, p = 0.045 in CAVAS for TC. PRST2D -based classification of the participants into four groups showed that the fasting glucose levels in groups with higher PRST2D were more adversely affected by both the TG and TC. In conclusion, blood TG and TC levels may affect the fasting glucose level through interaction with T2D genetic factors, suggesting the importance of consideration of gene-environment interaction in the preventive medicine of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-One Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Un Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Kyul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jung Kim
- Division of Biobank for Health Science, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bermseok Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Pires LC, Marçola LG, Siqueira JPBD, Vieira NA, Jorge RA, Barbosa AP, Batista MJ. Fatores associados à hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus na população atendida pelo Projeto Vozes das Ruas em Jundiaí. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc17(44)2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) — incluindo diabetes (DM) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) — são responsáveis por grande parte das mortes mundiais atualmente, sendo a identificação de fatores associados uma ferramenta fundamental para sua prevenção e estratégias de promoção da saúde. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de HAS e DM na população adulta atendida pelo Projeto Vozes das Ruas (PVR) em Jundiaí (SP) e fatores associados. Métodos: Os participantes do estudo transversal, conduzido de março a novembro de 2019, foram adultos acima de 18 anos, voluntários das ações de promoção de saúde do PVR em 2019, que consistiram na aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico e de comportamentos em saúde; na avaliação de glicemia capilar, pressão arterial, peso, altura e circunferência abdominal; e posterior aconselhamento em saúde. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados para verificar a associação dos desfechos DM e HAS com variáveis independentes. Utilizaram-se teste χ2 e regressão logística multivariada para variáveis com p<0,20, adotando-se a significância de 5%. Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 580 participantes, 50% do sexo feminino e com idade média de 48,56 anos. A prevalência autodeclarada de DM foi 16,2% e de HAS, 30,2%. Os fatores associados em comum foram: faixa etária acima de 39 anos e uso de medicação contínua. Associados à DM foram: antecedente familiar de DM, uso de unidade básica de saúde, histórico de tabagismo. Em relação à HAS as associações foram: menos de oito anos de estudo, sobrepeso e obesidade. Conclusões: Na população estudada houve elevada prevalência de duas das principais DCNT — HAS e DM — que apresentaram fatores associados de extrema relevância para o planejamento de estratégias de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças.
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Sohrabi M, Binaeizadeh MR, Iraji A, Larijani B, Saeedi M, Mahdavi M. A review on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of first row transition metal complexes: a futuristic strategy for treatment of type 2 diabetes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12011-12052. [PMID: 35481063 PMCID: PMC9020348 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose levels and has emerged as a controversial public health issue worldwide. The increasing number of patients with T2DM on one hand, and serious long-term complications of the disease such as obesity, neuropathy, and vascular disorders on the other hand, have induced a huge economic impact on society globally. In this regard, inhibition of α-glucosidase, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates in the body has been the main therapeutic approach to the treatment of T2DM. As α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GIs) have occupied a special position in the current research and prescription drugs are generally α-GIs, researchers have been encouraged to design and synthesize novel and efficient inhibitors. Previously, the presence of a sugar moiety seemed to be crucial for designing α-GIs since they can attach to the carbohydrate binding site of the enzyme mimicking the structure of disaccharides or oligosaccharides. However, inhibitors lacking glycosyl structures have also shown potent inhibitory activity and development of non-sugar based inhibitors is accelerating. In this respect, in vitro anti-α-glucosidase activity of metal complexes has attracted lots of attention and this paper has reviewed the inhibitory activity of first-row transition metal complexes toward α-glucosidase and discussed their probable mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sohrabi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Liosa Pharmed Parseh Company Shiraz Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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12
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Besson A, Tarpin A, Flaudias V, Brousse G, Laporte C, Benson A, Navel V, Bouillon-Minois JB, Dutheil F. Smoking Prevalence among Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413328. [PMID: 34948936 PMCID: PMC8705497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major public health problem. Although physicians have a key role in the fight against smoking, some of them are still smoking. Thus, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of smoking among physicians. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched. The prevalence of smoking among physicians was estimated and stratified, where possible, by specialties, continents, and periods of time. Then, meta-regressions were performed regarding putative influencing factors such as age and sex. RESULTS Among 246 studies and 497,081 physicians, the smoking prevalence among physicians was 21% (95CI 20 to 23%). Prevalence of smoking was 25% in medical students, 24% in family practitioners, 18% in surgical specialties, 17% in psychiatrists, 16% in medical specialties, 11% in anesthesiologists, 9% in radiologists, and 8% in pediatricians. Physicians in Europe and Asia had a higher smoking prevalence than in Oceania. The smoking prevalence among physicians has decreased over time. Male physicians had a higher smoking prevalence. Age did not influence smoking prevalence. CONCLUSION Prevalence of smoking among physicians is high, around 21%. Family practitioners and medical students have the highest percentage of smokers. All physicians should benefit from targeted preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Besson
- Family Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Alice Tarpin
- Family Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, LPPL, EA 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Georges Brousse
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France; (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France; (G.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Amanda Benson
- Sport Innovation Research Group, Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Valentin Navel
- CNRS, INSERM, GReD, Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-74-36-04-23; Fax: +33-4-73-27-46-49
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Dai W, Sun J, Lin M, Zhang Y, Ding Y. CTNNA3 genetic polymorphism may be a new genetic signal of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Han population: a case control study. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:257. [PMID: 34717601 PMCID: PMC8556947 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is the result of a combination of genes and environment. The identified genetic loci can only explain part of T2D risk. Our study is aimed to explore the association between CTNNA3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and T2D risk. METHODS We conducted a 'case-control' study among 1002 Chinese Han participants. Four candidate SNPs of CTNNA3 were selected (rs10822745 C/T, rs7920624 A/T, rs2441727 A/G, rs7914287 A/G), and logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between candidate SNPs and T2D risk. We used single factor analysis of variance to analyze the differences of clinical characteristics among different genotypes. In this study, haplotype analysis was conducted by plink1.07 and Haploview software and linkage disequilibrium (LD) was calculated. The interaction of candidate SNPs in T2D risk was evaluated by multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR). Finally, we conducted a false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis to detect whether the significant findings were just chance or noteworthy observations. RESULTS The results showed that CTNNA3-rs7914287 was a risk factor for T2D ('T': OR = 1.33, p = 0.003; 'TT': OR = 2.21, p = 0.001; 'TT' (recessive): OR = 2.09, p = 0.001; Log-additive: OR = 1.34, p = 0.003). The results of subgroup analysis showed that rs7914287 was significantly associated with the increased risk of T2D among participants who were older than 60 years, males, smoking, drinking, or BMI > 24. We also found that rs2441727 was associated with reducing the T2D risk among participants who were older than 60 years, smoking, or drinking. In addition, rs7914287 was associated with T2D patients with no retinal degeneration; rs10822745 and rs7920624 were associated with the course of T2D patients. High density lipoprotein levels had significant differences under different genotypes of rs10822745. Under the different genotypes of rs7914287, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were also significantly different. CONCLUSION We found that CTNNA3 genetic polymorphisms can be used as a new genetic signal of T2D risk in Chinese Han population. Especially, CTNNA3-rs7914287 showed an outstanding and significant association with T2D risk in both overall analysis and subgroup analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjuan Dai
- Health Center, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Ding
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, #19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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Cutaneous innervation in impaired diabetic wound healing. Transl Res 2021; 236:87-108. [PMID: 34029747 PMCID: PMC8380642 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with several potential comorbidities, among them impaired wound healing, chronic ulcerations, and the requirement for lower extremity amputation. Disease-associated abnormal cellular responses, infection, immunological and microvascular dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy are implicated in the pathogenesis of the wound healing impairment and the diabetic foot ulcer. The skin houses a dense network of sensory nerve afferents and nerve-derived modulators, which communicate with epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts bidirectionally to effect normal wound healing after trauma. However, the mechanisms through which cutaneous innervation modulates wound healing are poorly understood, especially in humans. Better understanding of these mechanisms may provide the basis for targeted treatments for chronic diabetic wounds. This review provides an overview of wound healing pathophysiology with a focus on neural involvement in normal and diabetic wound healing, as well as future therapeutic perspectives to address the unmet needs of diabetic patients with chronic wounds.
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Gallardo-Rincón H, Cantoral A, Arrieta A, Espinal C, Magnus MH, Palacios C, Tapia-Conyer R. Review: Type 2 diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean: Regional and country comparison on prevalence, trends, costs and expanded prevention. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:352-359. [PMID: 33077379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present an overview of type 2 diabetes status in Latin America and the Caribbean region. METHODS The data were collected from the International Diabetes Federation Atlas and other available published sources where we identified the prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean, the trends by regions, and sex. Also, we summarized the type 2 diabetes direct and indirect costs, and the current preventative programs and policies available for each region. RESULTS Latin America and the Caribbean has one of the fastest-growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, in particular the Caribbean region. Costs are relatively high in Central American countries and the Caribbean Islands. Currently, type 2 diabetes prevention, diagnosis, and management are insufficient in Latin America and the Caribbean and they do not offer a multidisciplinary integrative approach. CONCLUSION Effective and preventive multidisciplinary policies should be implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean to decrease the high burden of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandro Arrieta
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, United States
| | - Carlos Espinal
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, United States
| | - Marcia H Magnus
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, United States
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, United States
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Ismail L, Materwala H, Al Kaabi J. Association of risk factors with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1759-1785. [PMID: 33897980 PMCID: PMC8050730 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of severe health complications and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. To date, diabetes has no cure, and therefore, it is necessary to take precautionary measures to avoid its occurrence. The main aim of this systematic review is to identify the majority of the risk factors for the incidence/prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on one hand, and to give a critical analysis of the cohort/cross-sectional studies which examine the impact of the association of risk factors on diabetes. Consequently, we provide insights on risk factors whose interactions are major players in developing diabetes. We conclude with recommendations to allied health professionals, individuals and government institutions to support better diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ismail
- Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huned Materwala
- Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Mediclinic, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Pathology, Risk Factors, and Oxidative Damage Related to Type 2 Diabetes-Mediated Alzheimer's Disease and the Rescuing Effects of the Potent Antioxidant Anthocyanin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4051207. [PMID: 33728019 PMCID: PMC7936905 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathology and neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes- (T2D-) mediated Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reported in several studies. Despite the lack of information regarding the basic underlying mechanisms involved in the development of T2D-mediated AD, some common features of the two conditions have been reported, such as brain atrophy, reduced cerebral glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance. T2D phenotypes such as glucose dyshomeostasis, insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, and systemic inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be involved in the progression of AD pathology by increasing amyloid-beta accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and overall neuroinflammation. Similarly, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) as a result of chronic hyperglycemia may serve as critical links between diabetes and AD. The natural dietary polyflavonoid anthocyanin enhances insulin sensitivity, attenuates insulin resistance at the level of the target tissues, inhibits free fatty acid oxidation, and abrogates the release of peripheral inflammatory cytokines in obese (prediabetic) individuals, which are responsible for insulin resistance, systemic hyperglycemia, systemic inflammation, brain metabolism dyshomeostasis, amyloid-beta accumulation, and neuroinflammatory responses. In this review, we have shown that obesity may induce T2D-mediated AD and assessed the recent therapeutic advances, especially the use of anthocyanin, against T2D-mediated AD pathology. Taken together, the findings of current studies may help elucidate a new approach for the prevention and treatment of T2D-mediated AD by using the polyflavonoid anthocyanin.
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Zhuang H, Zhang Y, Yang S, Cheng L, Liu SL. A Mendelian Randomization Study on Infant Length and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:224-231. [PMID: 31553296 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190925115535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infant length (IL) is a positively associated phenotype of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the causal relationship of which is still unclear. Here, we applied a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal relationship between IL and T2DM, which has the potential to provide guidance for assessing T2DM activity and T2DM- prevention in young at-risk populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS To classify the study, a two-sample MR, using genetic instrumental variables (IVs) to explore the causal effect was applied to test the influence of IL on the risk of T2DM. In this study, MR was carried out on GWAS data using 8 independent IL SNPs as IVs. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of these SNPs was calculated by the inverse-variance weighted method for the assessment of the risk the shorter IL brings to T2DM. Sensitivity validation was conducted to identify the effect of individual SNPs. MR-Egger regression was used to detect pleiotropic bias of IVs. RESULTS The pooled odds ratio from the IVW method was 1.03 (95% CI 0.89-1.18, P = 0.0785), low intercept was -0.477, P = 0.252, and small fluctuation of ORs ranged from -0.062 ((0.966 - 1.03) / 1.03) to 0.05 ((1.081 - 1.03) / 1.03) in leave-one-out validation. CONCLUSION We validated that the shorter IL causes no additional risk to T2DM. The sensitivity analysis and the MR-Egger regression analysis also provided adequate evidence that the above result was not due to any heterogeneity or pleiotropic effect of IVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhuang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCFM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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Zhang M, Yang Y, Liu F, Jia J, Xu Q, Wang L, Wang Y, He Y, Zhang Y, Peng Z, Wang Q, Shen H, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Yan D, Zhang H, Ma X. The association of husbands' smoking with wives' dysglycemia status: A cross-sectional study among over 10 million Chinese women aged 20-49. J Diabetes 2020; 12:354-364. [PMID: 31747113 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We comprehensively evaluated the association between husbands' smoking amount and wives' dysglycemia status. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study which recruited 12 023 714 reproductive couples who participated in the National Free Pre-Pregnancy Checkups Project (NFPCP) between 2015 and 2016 in China. Multivariable logistic models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. Subgroup analysis and stratified analysis were further performed to investigate potential effect modification. RESULTS Compared to the neither-smoker group, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for diabetes mellitus (DM) among women was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.07-1.10), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.87-1.23), and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.17-1.41) in the husband-smoker, wife-smoker, and both-smokers groups, respectively. An increased risk of DM was also observed for women whose husbands smoke 1 to 10 (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07), 11 to 20 (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11-1.15), and over 20 cigarettes per day (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17-1.31). The prevalence of wives' DM showed significant linear trends with husbands' smoking amount (Pfor trend < .001). A similar growth tendency was also observed between husband smoking amount and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) prevalence with ORs of 1.04 (95% CI, 1.04-1.05), 1.05 (95% CI, 1.04-1.06), and 1.09 (95% CI, 1.06-1.11) for 1-10, 11-20, and over 20 cigarettes per day, respectively. The relationship between husbands' smoking amount and wives' IFG/DM prevalence appear to be modified by body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS This study shows significant relationships between husbands' smoking and wives' risk of IFG/DM, and this result exists in both a categorical and dose-response manner. This association is modified by BMI. Family-oriented smoking interventions may both reduce husbands' active smoking and wives' risk of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajing Jia
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Long Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoqi Peng
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyu Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
| | - Donghai Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resource Center, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Lee PN, Coombs KJ. Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to type 2 diabetes. World J Meta-Anal 2020; 8:119-152. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v8.i2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence relating tobacco smoking to type 2 diabetes has accumulated rapidly in the last few years, rendering earlier reviews considerably incomplete.
AIM To review and meta-analyse evidence from prospective studies of the relationship between smoking and the onset of type 2 diabetes.
METHODS Prospective studies were selected if the population was free of type 2 diabetes at baseline and evidence was available relating smoking to onset of the disease. Papers were identified from previous reviews, searches on Medline and Embase and reference lists. Data were extracted on a range of study characteristics and relative risks (RRs) were extracted comparing current, ever or former smokers with never smokers, and current smokers with non-current smokers, as well as by amount currently smoked and duration of quitting. Fixed- and random-effects estimates summarized RRs for each index of smoking overall and by various subdivisions of the data: Sex; continent; publication year; method of diagnosis; nature of the baseline population (inclusion/exclusion of pre-diabetes); number of adjustment factors; cohort size; number of type 2 diabetes cases; age; length of follow-up; definition of smoking; and whether or not various factors were adjusted for. Tests of heterogeneity and publication bias were also conducted.
RESULTS The literature searches identified 157 relevant publications providing results from 145 studies. Fifty-three studies were conducted in Asia and 53 in Europe, with 32 in North America, and seven elsewhere. Twenty-four were in males, 10 in females and the rest in both sexes. Fifteen diagnosed type 2 diabetes from self-report by the individuals, 79 on medical records, and 51 on both. Studies varied widely in size of the cohort, number of cases, length of follow-up, and age. Overall, random-effects estimates of the RR were 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-1.38] for current vs never smoking, 1.28 (95%CI: 1.24-1.32) for current vs non-smoking, 1.13 (95%CI: 1.11-1.16) for former vs never smoking, and 1.25 (95%CI: 1.21-1.28) for ever vs never smoking based on, respectively, 99, 156, 100 and 100 individual risk estimates. Risk estimates were generally elevated in each subdivision of the data by the various factors considered (exceptions being where numbers of estimates in the subsets were very low), though there was significant (P < 0.05) evidence of variation by level for some factors. Dose-response analysis showed a clear trend of increasing risk with increasing amount smoked by current smokers and of decreasing risk with increasing time quit. There was limited evidence of publication bias.
CONCLUSION The analyses confirmed earlier reports of a modest dose-related association of current smoking and a weaker dose-related association of former smoking with type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Lee
- Department of Statistics, P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine J Coombs
- Department of Statistics, P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Stratev V, Dimitrova V, Petkova D. COPD and Comorbidities: Relating Mechanisms and Treatment. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x14666181018101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite being a disease with the constantly rising social burden and mortality, COPD is
also associated with a number of other conditions known as comorbidities. COPD and other diseases
often share similar risk factors, such as smoking and aging, which leads to increased prevalence of
comorbidities. The key pathogenic mechanisms of COPD are chronic inflammation and oxidative
stress and they also contribute significantly to the development of accompanying diseases. Through
complex interactions, COPD increases the risk for certain comorbidities and they, in turn, have a
negative impact on health status and contribute to mortality in COPD patients. Proper treatment of
comorbidities may have a beneficial effect on COPD natural course and progression. Here we review
the prevalence of the most common comorbidities of COPD; their interrelating mechanism and the
current advances of the treatment in terms of co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velin Stratev
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital “St. Marina”, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Valentina Dimitrova
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital “St. Marina”, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Petkova
- Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital “St. Marina”, Varna, Bulgaria
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Ang BWG, Tan MY, Goh CMY, Rahardja S, Lim BY, Chiew W, Heng TYJ, Tan KI, Foo JHX, Tham SZL, Chng JKS, Seow WJ, Luo N. Impact of Knowledge and Attitudes on Lifestyle Practices in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2019. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v48n8p247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue in Singapore. To shape healthcare policies for the primary prevention of diabetes, it is crucial to understand Singaporeans’ knowledge, attitudes and practices related to diabetes and its prevention. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and lifestyles of individuals without diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was performed between 31 January to 3 February 2019 to examine knowledge, attitudes and practices related to diabetes. Inclusion criteria of the participants included: 1) Singaporeans/permanent residents, 2) between 30 to 64 years old, and 3) who did not have a diagnosis of diabetes. Logistic and linear regression models were used to analyse the association of knowledge and attitudes with physical activity and diet habits, respectively. Results: Among 806 participants, 72.2% did not meet the Health Promotion Board’s physical activity recommendation. Physical activity was associated with better diabetes knowledge (odds ratio [OR] 5.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65-17.53, P = 0.049), stronger beliefs in diabetes prevention (OR 3.36, 95% CI = 1.02-11.12, P = 0.047) and lower levels of worry about diabetes (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17-1.00, P = 0.049). Neither knowledge nor beliefs or worries about diabetes was associated with diet. Conclusion: There is a need to reinforce the importance of physical activity and healthy diet in preventing diabetes. Although improving the knowledge level of diabetes may increase physical activity of the population, it is unlikely to improve dietary choices without effective behaviour change interventions.
Key words: Healthy diet, Physical activity, Singapore, “War on Diabetes”
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson WG Ang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mui Yee Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl MY Goh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylwan Rahardja
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatrice Y Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenqi Chiew
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thurston YJ Heng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuang Ian Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenies HX Foo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah ZL Tham
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason KS Chng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Luo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Wu T, Sonoda S, Liu H. Unprocessed red meat intakes are associated with increased inflammation, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol in past smokers. Nutr Diet 2019; 77:182-188. [PMID: 31161628 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the associations of unprocessed red meat with serum C-reactive protein and traditional lipid biomarkers among adults with different smoking status. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, we analysed data collected from 5011 adults (men and women) who had provided information on dietary intakes and the proposed biomarkers for the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). RESULTS We found positive associations between unprocessed red meat and serum C-reactive protein and triglycerides and an inverse association between unprocessed red meat and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in past smokers, but no associations in never smokers and current smokers. Among past smokers, the percent difference of biomarkers between participants with the highest and the lowest quintiles for the intakes of unprocessed red meat was 42% (P = 0.03) for CRP, 32% for triglycerides and -11% (P = 0.02) for HDL cholesterol. No association was found between unprocessed red meat and other lipid biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Providing individualised nutritional guidelines according to smoking status is important. Our study provided evidence for developing specific guidelines on red meat for past smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, USA
| | | | - Hongxia Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
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24
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Ferreira SRG, Chiavegatto Filho ADP, Lebrão ML, Duarte YADO, Laurenti R. Cardiometabolic diseases. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2019; 21Suppl 02:e180008. [PMID: 30726353 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720180008.supl.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiometabolic diseases are prevalent in populations and are among the leading causes of death. Objective: This sub-study of the Health, Well-being and Aging (SABE) study describes the self-reported prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) for its three waves (2000, 2006, and 2010). It also analyses the associations with selected risk factors. METHODS Logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS Predominance of women and average age (68 years) were maintained in all the waves. During the period, there was a general tendency of increasing prevalence of hypertension (53.1 to 66.7%), DM (16.7 to 25.0%), and CVD (23.0 to 27.2%); and stabilization of the CVD prevalence rate occurred only from 2006 to 2010. Women, with body mass index (BMI) > 27 kg/m2, and ex-smokers had consistently higher risk of self-reported hypertension across the three waves. BMI >27kg/m2 was also associated with a higher probability of DM in the three waves, whereas with ex-smokers this occurred only in 2010. Ex-smokers presented higher risk of CVD in all the waves, but not excess weight. Wave pairs were analyzed to test changes in prevalence, and it was found a significant increase in diseases rates across the years. CONCLUSION In summary, self-reported DM, hypertension, and CVD had high prevalence rates for participants of SABE Study, in São Paulo. The association of elevated BMI with cardiometabolic diseases suggests that body adiposity might favor their occurrence, although the study design does not guarantee a cause and effect relationship. Increased rates of affected individuals from the first to the third wave may reflect improvement in diagnostic conditions and/or control of these diseases' mortality during that period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Lúcia Lebrão
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Ruy Laurenti
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
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25
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Lunder M, Janić M, Šabovič M. Prevention of Vascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Focus on the Arterial Wall. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2018; 17:6-15. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180206113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In Diabetes Mellitus (DM), hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance progressively lead to both
microvascular and macrovascular complications. Whereas the incidence of microvascular complications
is closely related to tight glycaemic control, this does not apply to macrovascular complications. Hyperglycaemia
influences many interweaving molecular pathways that initially lead to increased oxidative
stress, increased inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The latter represents the initial in both types
of vascular complications; it represents the “obligatory damage” in microvascular complications development
and only “introductory damage” in macrovascular complications development. Other risk factors,
such as arterial hypertension and dyslipidaemia, also play an important role in the progression of
macrovascular complications. All these effects accumulate and lead to functional and structural arterial
wall damage. In the end, all factors combined lead to the promotion of atherosclerosis and consequently
major adverse cardiovascular events. If we accept the pivotal role of vascular wall impairment in the
pathogenesis and progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications, treatment focused
directly on the arterial wall should be one of the priorities in prevention of vascular complications in
patients with DM. In this review, an innovative approach aimed at improving arterial wall dysfunction is
described, which may show efficacy in clinical studies. In addition, the potential protective effects of
current treatment approaches targeting the arterial wall are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Lunder
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miodrag Janić
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 7; SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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26
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Machado FVC, Pitta F, Hernandes NA, Bertolini GL. Physiopathological relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and insulin resistance. Endocrine 2018; 61:17-22. [PMID: 29512058 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent and progressive airflow obstruction that is associated with an abnormal chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lungs to noxious particles. COPD often leads to physical inactivity and deconditioning that added to inappropriate/excessive inflammatory responses leads to systemic consequences. Studies have shown that metabolic syndrome and manifested diabetes are more frequent in COPD than in healthy subjects; a possible explanation is that different pathophysiological aspects of COPD can lead to insulin resistance. Thus, this mini-review aims to present the main studies suggesting a pathophysiological relationship between COPD and insulin resistance. METHODS A review of literature was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases with the aim of searching for studies supporting a relationship between COPD and insulin resistance. RESULTS A physiopathological relationship between COPD and insulin resistance was found, supported in part due to common risk factors presented by these two conditions, such as smoking and physical inactivity. Also, systemic effects (worsening of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, inflammation and oxidative stress, body composition abnormalities) and the corticosteroid treatment of patients with COPD may play a role. CONCLUSION Patients with COPD should be screened for abnormalities in insulin sensitivity in order to reduce morbidity and improve health status in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Vilaça Cavallari Machado
- Department of Physiotherapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pitta
- Department of Physiotherapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nidia Aparecida Hernandes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lopes Bertolini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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27
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Bowe B, Xie Y, Li T, Yan Y, Xian H, Al-Aly Z. The 2016 global and national burden of diabetes mellitus attributable to PM 2·5 air pollution. Lancet Planet Health 2018; 2:e301-e312. [PMID: 30074893 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PM2·5 air pollution is associated with increased risk of diabetes; however, a knowledge gap exists to further define and quantify the burden of diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution. Therefore, we aimed to define the relationship between PM2·5 and diabetes. We also aimed to characterise an integrated exposure response function and to provide a quantitative estimate of the global and national burden of diabetes attributable to PM2·5. METHODS We did a longitudinal cohort study of the association of PM2·5 with diabetes. We built a cohort of US veterans with no previous history of diabetes from various databases. Participants were followed up for a median of 8·5 years, we and used survival models to examine the association between PM2·5 and the risk of diabetes. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics. We tested a positive outcome control (ie, risk of all-cause mortality), negative exposure control (ie, ambient air sodium concentrations), and a negative outcome control (ie, risk of lower limb fracture). Data for the models were reported as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Additionally, we reviewed studies of PM2·5 and the risk of diabetes, and used the estimates to build a non-linear integrated exposure response function to characterise the relationship across all concentrations of PM2·5 exposure. We included studies into the building of the integrated exposure response function if they scored at least a four on the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and were only included if the outcome was type 2 diabetes or all types of diabetes. Finally, we used the Global Burden of Disease study data and methodologies to estimate the attributable burden of disease (ABD) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution globally and in 194 countries and territories. FINDINGS We examined the relationship of PM2·5 and the risk of incident diabetes in a longitudinal cohort of 1 729 108 participants followed up for a median of 8·5 years (IQR 8·1-8·8). In adjusted models, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2·5 was associated with increased risk of diabetes (HR 1·15, 95% CI 1·08-1·22). PM2·5 was associated with increased risk of death as the positive outcome control (HR 1·08, 95% CI 1·03-1·13), but not with lower limb fracture as the negative outcome control (1·00, 0·91-1·09). An IQR increase (0·045 μg/m3) in ambient air sodium concentration as the negative exposure control exhibited no significant association with the risk of diabetes (HR 1·00, 95% CI 0·99-1·00). An integrated exposure response function showed that the risk of diabetes increased substantially above 2·4 μg/m3, and then exhibited a more moderate increase at concentrations above 10 μg/m3. Globally, ambient PM2·5 contributed to about 3·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·2-3·8) incident cases of diabetes, about 8·2 million (95% UI 5·8-11·0) DALYs caused by diabetes, and 206 105 (95% UI 153 408-259 119) deaths from diabetes attributable to PM2·5 exposure. The burden varied substantially among geographies and was more heavily skewed towards low-income and lower-to-middle-income countries. INTERPRETATION The global toll of diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution is significant. Reduction in exposure will yield substantial health benefits. FUNDING US Department of Veterans Affairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bowe
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Tingting Li
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong Xian
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ziyad Al-Aly
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO, USA; Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Institute for Public Health, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Fetterman JL, Sammy MJ, Ballinger SW. Mitochondrial toxicity of tobacco smoke and air pollution. Toxicology 2017; 391:18-33. [PMID: 28838641 PMCID: PMC5681398 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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29
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Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Milnerowicz H. The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:265-276. [PMID: 28393534 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117701876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and emerges secondary to an interaction between genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. This work provides an overview of the impact of smoking on the development of vascular complications in this condition and also provides an overview of the potential role of smoking in predisposition to diabetes. There are many studies documenting the impact of smoking on health (not focused on patients with diabetes), suggesting that the health exposure in these individuals is at least comparable to that observed in the general population. Distinct studies of smoking in patients with diabetes have unambiguously confirmed an increased prevalence and a higher risk of early death associated with the development of macrovascular complications. Smoking is also associated with premature development of microvascular complications and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It has been shown that smoking is a predictor of the progression of glucose intolerance at both the transition from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance status and the increased risk of developing diabetes. The mechanisms explaining the relationship between smoking and the development of diabetes are not fully understood, although a number of hypotheses have been put forward. Current evidence indicates that smoking cessation is not only important to prevent macrovascular complications in diabetes, but also has a role in limiting microvascular disease and may also facilitate glycaemic management in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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30
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Abstract
Over the last several decades, the global incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased significantly. The raised incidence rate is projected to continue as greater numbers of persons adopt a Western lifestyle and diet. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at heightened risk of both adverse microvascular and cardiovascular events. Moreover, once cardiovascular disease develops, diabetes mellitus exacerbates progression and worsens outcomes. The medical management of patients with diabetes mellitus mandates comprehensive risk factor modification and antiplatelet therapy. Recent clinical trials of new medical therapies continue to inform the care of patients with diabetes mellitus to reduce both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Beckman
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.A.B.); and Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH (M.A.C.).
| | - Mark A Creager
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.A.B.); and Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH (M.A.C.)
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31
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Sherratt FC, Field JK, Marcus MW. Association between smoking and health outcomes in an economically deprived population: the Liverpool Lung Project. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:806-810. [PMID: 28416569 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between smoking and several health outcomes among those from the most deprived communities in the UK has not previously been detailed. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of smoking on health outcomes specifically among a particularly deprived population in a developed country (Liverpool; one of the most deprived local authorities in England). METHODS The Liverpool Lung Project recruited a prospective cohort of 8753 participants from across Liverpool, aged 45-79 years between 1998 and 2008. Participants were followed annually through the Hospital Episode Statistics until 31 January 2013. Logistic regression models were used to identify health outcomes of smoking. RESULTS From our study population, 5195 were smokers and 3558 were non-smokers. Smoking was associated with male gender (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.77), pneumonia (1.28, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.49), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.30, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.48), emphysema (5.46, 95% CI 3.48 to 8.55), bronchitis (1.85, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.07), other cancers (1.69, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.99), lung cancer (6.0, 95% CI 3.72 to 9.69), diabetes (1.21, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.43) and cardiovascular disease (1.45, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.67). CONCLUSIONS Smokers from deprived backgrounds in Liverpool showed increased risk of developing pneumonia, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, lung cancer, other types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. These findings are in line with the literature and may help to inform public health policies and ultimately work towards addressing smoking-related health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Sherratt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M W Marcus
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Han SJ, Kim HJ, Kim DJ, Lee KW, Cho NH. Incidence and predictors of type 2 diabetes among Koreans: A 12-year follow up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 123:173-180. [PMID: 28043048 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Because the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Korea has not been clearly defined, we examined the incidence of this condition and its association with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and other risk factors in a 12-year follow-up Korean community-based prospective cohort study. METHODS We recruited 7542 subjects aged 40-69years without diabetes at baseline examination from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study and followed these subjects for 12years biennially. Diabetes was defined according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria. The incidence of type 2 diabetes and the predictors of progression to diabetes were analyzed according to baseline glucose tolerance. RESULTS The overall incidence of type 2 diabetes was 22.1 per 1000person-years. Subjects with combined IFG-IGT at baseline had the highest incidence of diabetes, which was more than two-fold that of individuals with isolated IFG or isolated IGT (114.4 vs. 51.3 vs. 53.1 per 1000person-years). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that combined IFG-IGT, which were strong predictors of diabetes, as well as age, urban residence, family history of diabetes, smoking status, abdominal obesity, hypertension, high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterols were also independently associated with progression to diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 2 diabetes is relatively high in our Korean community-based sample. Combined IFG-IGT are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes. Measurement of 2-hour plasma glucose in addition to fasting plasma glucose is necessary for the detection of individuals at high risk for development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jin Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Becerra MB, Allen NL, Becerra BJ. Food insecurity and low self-efficacy are associated with increased healthcare utilization among adults with type II diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1488-1493. [PMID: 27474705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food insecurity has been shown to negatively impact health outcomes, disease management and hospitalizations. Despite the increasing burden of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States, little research exists on the role of food insecurity and its association to T2DM-related healthcare utilization. The purpose of our study was to address such a gap in the literature by evaluating the role of food insecurity and T2DM-related past 12-month hospitalization or emergency department (ED) admission among adults with healthcare professional diagnosed T2DM. METHODS We utilized the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), 2009, 2011/2012 data to select CHIS participants who were aged 18 or older and reported doctor diagnosis of T2DM; resulting in a total of 8252 participants. Food insecurity was defined as: living at or above 200% federal poverty level (FPL), living below 200% FPL but food secure, living below 200% FPL and food insecure. A secondary exposure variable of interest was self-efficacy, based on the CHIS-provided variable of confidence to manage T2DM. All analyses were survey weighted with alpha less than .05 noting significance. RESULTS Those with low food security (12.96%) and low-self efficacy (15.14%), reported significantly higher prevalence of T2DM-related healthcare utilization, as compared to their counterparts. Both living with low food security and having low self-efficacy were also associated with over two-fold increase in healthcare utilization. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the cumulative need for community-based resources to improve the continuum of care and ensure that such at-risk populations have adequate resources for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monideepa B Becerra
- Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, United States.
| | | | - Benjamin J Becerra
- School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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Hozayen WG, Mahmoud AM, Soliman HA, Mostafa SR. Spirulina versicolor improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:57-64. [PMID: 27069726 PMCID: PMC4805148 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20151230055930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and insulin sensitizing effects of the cyanobacterium Spirulina versicolor extract in fructose-fed rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed 30% fructose solution in drinking water for 4 weeks. Animals exhibited hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were selected for further investigations. Diabetic and control rats were orally supplemented with 50 mg/kg body weight S. versicolor extract for 4 weeks. Results: At the end of 8 weeks, fructose-fed rats showed a significant increase in serum glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, cardiovascular risk indices and insulin resistance. Treatment of the fructose-fed rats with S. versicolor extract improved this metabolic profile. Fructose feeding produced a significant increase in serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and a decrease in adiponectin levels. In addition, fructose-fed rats exhibited a significant increase in liver, kidney and heart lipid peroxidation levels, and declined antioxidant defenses. Supplementation of the fructose-fed rats with S. versicolor extract reversed these alterations. Conclusion: S. versicolor attenuates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation, and is thus effective in improving insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa G Hozayen
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Division of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Sanura R Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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Choi YJ, Nam YS, Yun JM, Park JH, Cho BL, Son HY, Kim JI, Yun JW. Association between salivary amylase (AMY1) gene copy numbers and insulin resistance in asymptomatic Korean men. Diabet Med 2015; 32:1588-95. [PMID: 25996848 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salivary amylase gene (AMY1) copy number variations (CNVs) correlate directly with salivary amylase activity and serum amylase levels. Previously, individuals with high AMY1 CNVs exhibited low postprandial glucose levels and postprandial early insulin surge, suggesting that high AMY1 gene copy numbers may play a role in lowering the risk of insulin resistance. METHODS We verified the relationship between AMY1 CNVs and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a cohort of 1257 Korean men aged 20-65 years who visited two medical centres for regular health check-ups, and in subgroups of current smokers and regular alcohol drinkers. Individuals with fasting plasma glucose levels > 10.0 mmol/l, HbA1c ≥ 64 mmol/mol (8.0%) or who used oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin were excluded. RESULTS AMY1 CNVs correlated negatively with HOMA-IR even after adjusting for covariates (e.g. BMI, systolic blood pressure, triacylglycerol, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity). When the participants were divided according to current smoking and alcohol consumption habits, negative correlations between AMY1 CNVs and HOMA-IR were more evident among non-smokers and regular drinkers and were non-significant among smokers and non-regular drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Low AMY1 CNVs correlated with high insulin resistance in asymptomatic Korean men, and such a relationship presented differently according to the status of smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-S Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J M Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - B L Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-Y Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J I Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Yun
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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The association between smoking and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with psoriasis aged 30 to 49 years. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2015; 32:331-6. [PMID: 26759540 PMCID: PMC4692818 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2015.54743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cigarette smoking may exacerbate and cause psoriasis. Moreover, smokers are more likely to develop insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MS). Aim To assess the prevalence of MS and its components in patients with psoriasis, who smoke, compared with the general Polish population of smokers. Material and methods We studied 29 patients with psoriasis (female = 9, male = 20), smokers, aged 30 to 49 years. Metabolic syndrome and its components were assessed using the IDF definition and compared to the results obtained in a representative sample of adult Poles in the NATPOL 2011 study in the same age group, including smokers. Results The results have shown that patients with psoriasis are more likely to be smokers (p < 0.0034) and the frequency of smoking in men is approximately 25% higher than in males of the control group (p < 0.0017). The prevalence of MS in patients with psoriasis who smoke was 27.58% and in the control group 25.2% (p > 0.05). Mean body mass index was 26.07 kg/m2 in psoriasis patients and 25.59 kg/m2 in the control group (p > 0.05), and abdominal obesity was 88.82 cm and 90.02 cm (p > 0.05), respectively. There were no differences in hypertension (34.48% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.05) and mean HOMA-IR (1.80 vs. 1.77, p > 0.05). In lipid parameters, the differences were observed only in women with psoriasis – higher levels of HDL, triglycerides and ApoB/ApoA1 index compared with addicted women in the control group. Conclusions Men with psoriasis are more often addicted to smoking. Women with psoriasis who smoke have often disturbances of the lipid profile.
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Jia J, Ding H, Yang K, Mao L, Zhao H, Zhan Y, Shen C. Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Polymorphism Is Significantly Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Han Population. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:572-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cao B. Estimating the Effects of Obesity and Weight Change on Mortality Using a Dynamic Causal Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129946. [PMID: 26110432 PMCID: PMC4481504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A well-known challenge in estimating the mortality risks of obesity is reverse causality attributable to illness-associated and smoking-associated weight loss. Given that the likelihood of chronic and acute illnesses rises with age, reverse causality is most threatening to estimates derived from elderly populations. METHODS I analyzed data from 12,523 respondents over 50 years old from a nationally representative longitudinal dataset, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The effects of both baseline body weight and time-varying weight change on mortality are estimated, adjusting for demographic and socio-economic variables, as well as time-varying confounders including illness and smoking. Body weight is measured by body mass index (BMI). In survival models for mortality, illness and smoking were lagged to minimize bias from reverse causality in estimates of the effect of weight change. Furthermore, because illness both causes and is caused by changes in BMI, I used a marginal structural model (MSM) rather than standard adjustment to control confounding by this and other time-dependent factors. RESULTS Overall, relative to normal weight, underweight and Class II/III at baseline are associated with hazard ratios that are 2.07 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-3.37) and 1.82 (1.54-2.16) respectively, whereas overweight and Class I obesity do not significantly lower or raise the mortality risks. Furthermore, relative to stable weight change, all types of weight change lead to significantly increased risk of mortality. Specifically, large weight loss results in a mortality risk that is nearly 3.86 (3.26-4.58) times of staying in the stable weight range and small weight loss is about 1.81 (1.55-2.11 ) times riskier. In contrast, large weight gain and small weight gain are associated with hazard ratios that are 1.98 (1.67-2.35) and 1.20 (1.02-1.41) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Being underweight or severe obese at baseline is associated with excess mortality risk, and weight change tend to raise mortality risk. Both the confounding by illness and by smoking lead to overestimates of the effects of being underweight at baseline and of weight loss, but underestimates the effect of being obese at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Cao
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hong JW, Ku CR, Noh JH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim DJ. Association between Self-Reported Smoking and Hemoglobin A1c in a Korean Population without Diabetes: The 2011-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126746. [PMID: 26011526 PMCID: PMC4444290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several Western studies have revealed that among non-diabetics, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are higher in smokers than non-smokers. While studies conducted in Western populations consistently support this association, a recent meta-analysis reported that studies carried out in non-Western populations, including studies of Chinese, Egyptian, and Japanese-Americans, did not detect any significant differences in HbA1c levels between smokers and non-smokers. Objectives We assessed the association between smoking habits and HbA1c levels in the general Korean adult population using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) performed in 2011–2012. Methods A total of 10,241 participants (weighted n=33,946,561 including 16,769,320 men and 17,177,241 women) without diabetes were divided into four categories according to their smoking habits: never smokers (unweighted n/ weighted n= 6,349/19,105,564), ex-smokers (unweighted n/ weighted n= 1,912/6,207,144), current light smokers (<15 cigarettes per day, unweighted n/ weighted n=1,205/5,130,073), and current heavy smokers (≥15 cigarettes per day, unweighted n/ weighted n=775/3,503,781). Results In age- and gender-adjusted comparisons, the HbA1c levels of each group were 5.52 ± 0.01% in non-smokers, 5.49 ± 0.01% in ex-smokers, 5.53 ± 0.01% in light smokers, and 5.61 ± 0.02% in heavy smokers. HbA1c levels were significantly higher in light smokers than in ex-smokers (p = 0.033), and in heavy smokers compared with light smokers (p < 0.001). The significant differences remained after adjusting for age, gender, fasting plasma glucose, heavy alcohol drinking, hematocrit, college graduation, and waist circumference. Linear regression analyses for HbA1c using the above-mentioned variables as covariates revealed that a significant association between current smoking and HbA1c (coefficient 0.021, 95% CI 0.003–0.039, p = 0.019). Conclusions Current smoking was independently associated with higher HbA1c levels in a cigarette exposure-dependent manner in a representative population of Korean non-diabetic adults. In this study, we have observed an association between smoking status and HbA1c levels in non-diabetics drawn from a non-Western population, consistent with previous findings in Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Mahishale V, Mahishale A, Patil B, Sindhuri A, Eti A. Screening for diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in tertiary care hospital in India. Niger Med J 2015; 56:122-5. [PMID: 25838628 PMCID: PMC4382602 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.150699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common and under diagnosed medical conditions in India. Prevalence of these chronic diseases are high both in rural and urban areas. However, exact prevalence of DM in Indian COPD patients in unclear. Co-morbid conditions like DM have great impact on the outcome of COPD in the form of severity, exacerbations, morbidity and mortality. Hence the present study objective was to screen COPD patients for DM. RESULTS A total of 1662 patients with COPD (Males = 1264, Female = 398) with mean age 58 ± 9.6 were screened for DM. Patients with known history of DM were 353 (21.24%) and were enrolled as Known DM cases. Remaining 1309 (78.76%) patients whose DM status was unclear were screened by random blood sugar (RBS). One-hundred and seventy-one subjects had RBS > 110 mg/dl. About 73 (4.39%) subjects had fasting blood sugar (FBS) > 126 mg/dl. They were considered as Newly Diagnosed DM cases. Total number of DM cases in the study including new and known was 426 (25.63%). Number of patients with deranged FBS (FBS between 110 mg/dl to126 mg/dl) was 84 (5.05%). Among the DM patients with COPD 168 (10.11%) had poor glycemic control with HbA1c > 8. Prevalence of DM in present study was 25.63%. CONCLUSION Prevalence of DM in COPD patients in the present study is 25.63% when actively screened in tertiary care hospital. It is feasible and imperative to screen all COPD patients for DM in all health care facilities routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Mahishale
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Karnataka Lingayat Education University's, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India
| | - Arati Mahishale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Physiotherapy, Karnataka Lingayat Education University's, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India
| | - Bhagyashri Patil
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Karnataka Lingayat Education University's, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India
| | - Avuthu Sindhuri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Karnataka Lingayat Education University's, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India
| | - Ajith Eti
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Karnataka Lingayat Education University's, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India
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Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Segreti A, Barrile A, Cazzola M. Diabetes mellitus among outpatients with COPD attending a university hospital. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:933-40. [PMID: 24728837 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity of COPD, but there are still many doubts about the relation among diabetes and COPD. We retrospectively collected data from patients afferent to our Respiratory Diseases outpatient clinic at the Tor Vergata University Hospital between 2010 and 2012. The study population was analyzed by clusters of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, lung function, concomitant pharmacologic therapies and comorbidities. The values of the association between variables were expressed as odds ratio. Data were adjusted for gender, age and possible confounding variables by Mantel-Haenszel method. We identified 493 patients with COPD. Ninety-two (18.7 %) patients were affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus, with no significant gender differences. The prevalence distribution was similar among the different age clusters, but the association was stronger in patients younger than 65 years. The association was present only in obese subjects in whom it was significant only in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, but not mild COPD. The presence of cardiovascular diseases was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus in patients with COPD. There was a slight association of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use with the presence of diabetes mellitus in COPD, but the combination of an ICS with a β2-agonist apparently reduced this association. The association with type 2 diabetes mellitus was greater in patients with COPD respect to general population, and correlated with the increase in BMI and the presence of other comorbidities, suggesting that both diseases may be targets of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rogliani
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Spijkerman AMW, van der A DL, Nilsson PM, Ardanaz E, Gavrila D, Agudo A, Arriola L, Balkau B, Beulens JW, Boeing H, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Fagherazzi G, Feskens EJM, Franks PW, Grioni S, Huerta JM, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Redondo ML, Rolandsson O, Roswall N, Sacerdote C, Sánchez MJ, Schulze MB, Slimani N, Teucher B, Tjonneland A, Tumino R, van der Schouw YT, Langenberg C, Sharp SJ, Forouhi NG, Riboli E, Wareham NJ. Smoking and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct study in European populations. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:3164-71. [PMID: 25336749 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the association between smoking and incident type 2 diabetes, accounting for a large number of potential confounding factors, and to explore potential effect modifiers and intermediate factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct is a prospective case-cohort study within eight European countries, including 12,403 cases of incident type 2 diabetes and a random subcohort of 16,835 individuals. After exclusion of individuals with missing data, the analyses included 10,327 cases and 13,863 subcohort individuals. Smoking status was used (never, former, current), with never smokers as the reference. Country-specific Prentice-weighted Cox regression models and random-effects meta-analysis were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS In men, the HRs (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes were 1.40 (1.26, 1.55) for former smokers and 1.43 (1.27, 1.61) for current smokers, independent of age, education, center, physical activity, and alcohol, coffee, and meat consumption. In women, associations were weaker, with HRs (95% CI) of 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) and 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) for former and current smokers, respectively. There was some evidence of effect modification by BMI. The association tended to be slightly stronger in normal weight men compared with those with overall adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Former and current smoking was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with never smoking in men and women, independent of educational level, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and diet. Smoking may be regarded as a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and smoking cessation should be encouraged for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne L van der A
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarre Public Health Institute (ISPN), Pamplona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Gavrila
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Larraitz Arriola
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain Instituto BIO-Donostia, Basque Government, Donostia, Spain
| | - Beverley Balkau
- INSERM, CESP, U1018, Villejuif, France UMRS 1018, University Paris Sud 11, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Heiner Boeing
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Guy Fagherazzi
- INSERM, CESP, U1018, Villejuif, France UMRS 1018, University Paris Sud 11, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Nina Roswall
- Department of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Torino, Italy Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - María-José Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Birgit Teucher
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ASP 7, Ragusa, Italy AIRE-ONLUS - Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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Luo W, Guo Z, Wu M, Hao C, Zhou Z, Yao X. Interaction of smoking and obesity on type 2 diabetes risk in a Chinese cohort. Physiol Behav 2014; 139:240-3. [PMID: 25449404 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the independent and combined effects of current smoking and obesity on risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a Chinese cohort. We analyzed the data from a population-based prospective cohort of 3598 participants aged 35-74 years from Jiangsu, China. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of T2DM and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), and to examine the interaction between current smoking and obesity on risk of T2DM. Compared with non-smokers, the hazard ratio of T2DM for current smokers was 4.16 (2.77-6.24). There was a significant interaction between current smoking and abdominal obesity on T2DM. RERI=2.84 (0.02-5.67), suggesting that there would be 2.84 relative excess risk due to the additive interaction; AP=0.48 (0.20-0.76), indicating that 48% of T2DM exposed to both risk factors was attributable to the additive interaction; and SI was 2.36 (1.15-4.87), suggesting that the risk of T2DM in obese smokers was 2.36 times as high as the sum of risks in the participants exposed to a single risk factor alone. We did not find a significant interaction between smoking and overall obesity on T2DM, but the incidence of T2DM in overall obese smokers was also highest. Both current smoking and abdominal obesity are strong risk factors of T2DM in the Chinese population. This study further demonstrates an additive interaction of current smoking and abdominal obesity on T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Luo
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, China; Department of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhirong Guo
- Department of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Ming Wu
- Center for Disease Control of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Chao Hao
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Center for Disease Control of Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Xingjuan Yao
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, China
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Hilawe EH, Yatsuya H, Li Y, Uemura M, Wang C, Chiang C, Toyoshima H, Tamakoshi K, Zhang Y, Kawazoe N, Aoyama A. Smoking and diabetes: is the association mediated by adiponectin, leptin, or C-reactive protein? J Epidemiol 2014; 25:99-109. [PMID: 25400076 PMCID: PMC4310870 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between cigarette smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes is well established, its mechanisms are yet to be clarified. This study examined the possible mediating effects of adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations on the smoking-diabetes association. Methods Between 2002 and 2011, we followed 3338 Japanese workers, aged 35–66 years, who were enrolled in the second Aichi workers’ cohort study. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models to determine the hazard ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between smoking status and risk of diabetes. A multiple mediation model with bootstrapping was used to estimate the magnitude and the respective bias-corrected (BC) 95% CIs of the indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through the three biomarkers. Results Relative to never smokers, the risk of diabetes was significantly elevated in current (hazard ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.25–2.46) and ex-smokers (hazard ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.07–2.22). The indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through adiponectin levels were statistically significant among light (point estimate 0.033, BC 95% CI 0.005–0.082), moderate (point estimate 0.044, BC 95% CI 0.010–0.094), and heavy smokers (point estimate 0.054, BC 95% CI 0.013–0.113). In contrast, neither the indirect effects of smoking on diabetes through leptin nor CRP levels were significant, as the corresponding BC 95% CIs included zero. Conclusions In our analysis, adiponectin concentration appeared to partially mediate the effect of smoking on diabetes, while leptin and CRP levels did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esayas Haregot Hilawe
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Dikeukwu RA, Omole OB. Awareness and practices of foot self-care in patients with diabetes at Dr Yusuf Dadoo district hospital, Johannesburg. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201009.2013.10872314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RA Dikeukwu
- Department of Family Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | - OB Omole
- Clinical Unit (Family Medicine), Sedibeng District Department of Family Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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Inoue T, Hagiyama M, Yoneshige A, Kato T, Enoki E, Maenishi O, Chikugo T, Kimura M, Satou T, Ito A. Increased ectodomain shedding of cell adhesion molecule 1 from pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetic pancreata: correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100988. [PMID: 24964098 PMCID: PMC4071031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both caused by lifestyle factors, frequently concur. Respectively, the diseases affect lung alveolar and pancreatic islet cells, which express cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), an immunoglobulin superfamily member. Protease-mediated ectodomain shedding of full-length CADM1 produces C-terminal fragments (CTFs) with proapoptotic activity. In emphysematous lungs, the CADM1 shedding rate and thus the level of CTFs in alveolar cells increase. In this study, CADM1 expression in islet cells was examined by western blotting. Protein was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of pancreata isolated from patients with T2DM (n = 12) or from patients without pancreatic disease (n = 8) at autopsy. After adjusting for the number of islet cells present in the adjacent section, we found that full-length CADM1 decreased in T2DM islets, while ectodomain shedding increased. Hemoglobin A1c levels, measured when patients were alive, correlated inversely with full-length CADM1 levels (P = 0.041) and positively with ectodomain shedding rates (P = 0.001). In immunofluorescence images of T2DM islet cells, CADM1 was detected in the cytoplasm, but not on the cell membrane. Consistently, when MIN6-m9 mouse beta cells were treated with phorbol ester and trypsin to induce shedding, CADM1 immunostaining was diffuse in the cytoplasm. When a form of CTFs was exogenously expressed in MIN6-m9 cells, it localized diffusely in the cytoplasm and increased the number of apoptotic cells. These results suggest that increased CADM1 ectodomain shedding contributes to blood glucose dysregulation in T2DM by decreasing full-length CADM1 and producing CTFs that accumulate in the cytoplasm and promote apoptosis of beta cells. Thus, this study has identified a molecular alteration shared by pulmonary emphysema and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eisuke Enoki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Maenishi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Chikugo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Satou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kato M, Takahashi Y, Matsushita Y, Mizoue T, Inoue M, Kadowaki T, Tsugane S, Noda M. Diabetes mellitus defined by hemoglobin A1c value: Risk characterization for incidence among Japanese subjects in the JPHC Diabetes Study. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 2:359-65. [PMID: 24843514 PMCID: PMC4019303 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aims/Introduction: Although several risk factors for type 2 diabetes have been identified, most of them have been identified in studies on Western populations, and they should be evaluated in a Japanese population. In 2010, new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were released and its use in epidemiological studies has many advantages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate risk factors for type 2 diabetes defined based on HbA1c values in a Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 9223 subjects (3076 men and 6147 women) were followed up for 5 years. Diabetes was defined based on self-report or HbA1c value. Risk factors for diabetes were evaluated as odds ratios adjusted for potential confounding factors by logistic regression. RESULTS During the 5-year follow-up period, we documented 518 incident cases of diabetes (232 men and 286 women). Of the 518 incident cases, 310 cases were diagnosed by HbA1c alone. Among the men, age, smoking (both past smoking and current smoking) and family history of diabetes significantly increased the risk of diabetes. Among the women, body mass index, family history of diabetes and hypertension significantly increased the risk of diabetes. These results did not change markedly after adjustment for the baseline HbA1c values, and the baseline HbA1c value itself was a significant risk factor for diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Known risk factors for diabetes established in Western populations also increased the risk of diabetes in a Japanese population defined on the basis of HbA1c values. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00119.x, 2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kato
- Japan Foundation for the Promotion of International Medical Research Cooperation
| | | | - Yumi Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology and International Health, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and International Health, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Center Hospital
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Kim SJ, Jee SH, Nam JM, Cho WH, Kim JH, Park EC. Do early onset and pack-years of smoking increase risk of type II diabetes? BMC Public Health 2014; 14:178. [PMID: 24548553 PMCID: PMC3931294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type II diabetes is not only major public health problem but also heavy fiscal burden to each nation’s health care system around the world. This study aimed to investigate the effect of early onset and pack-years of smoking on type II diabetes risk. Methods We used the most recent cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey set of South Korea (2010) and the United States (2009–2010). Participants who were diagnosed with diabetes after age 20 were included (South Korea: n = 7273, 44% male; U.S.: n = 3271, 52% male). Cox proportional models, stratified by sex and country, were used to estimate hazard ratios. Results 7.1% of South Korean men, 5.5% of South Korean women, 15.5% of U.S. men, and 12.4% of U.S. women had type II diabetes; 40% of South Korean men, 34% of U.S. men, and 21% of U.S. women began smoking before age 20 (57%, 49%, 36% of those who had type II diabetes, respectively). Type II diabetic participants were older and married; have a higher BMI, low income, and less education; lack moderate physical activity, smoked more and earlier compared to those without type II diabetes. Differences in risk factors including life-style behaviors and SES were found in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Men who began smoking before age 16 had a higher type II diabetes risk than who never smoked (South Korea: hazard ratio [HR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–5.79; U.S.: HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.01–2.67), as did U.S. men who began smoking between 16 and 20 years (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05–2.37). Smoking pack-years were also associated with type II diabetes in U.S. men (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.12). In women population, however, associations were not found. Conclusions Early onset of smoking increases type II diabetic risk among men in South Korea and the U.S., and type II diabetic risk increases with higher pack-years in U.S. men, however, no associations were found in women population. Underage tobacco policy and education programs are strongly needed in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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Deepa M, Papita M, Nazir A, Anjana RM, Ali MK, Narayan KMV, Mohan V. Lean people with dysglycemia have a worse metabolic profile than centrally obese people without dysglycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16:91-6. [PMID: 24180326 PMCID: PMC3894698 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2013.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study compared metabolic profiles of Asian Indians with normal waist circumference (WC) and dysglycemia versus those with high WC without dysglycemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In 2,350 subjects ≥20 years of age from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study with full anthropometric and biochemical characterization, high WC was defined as ≥90 cm in males and ≥80 cm in females. Dysglycemia was defined as prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL and/or 2-h plasma glucose ≥140 mg/dL) or diabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-h plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL, or treatment for diagnosed diabetes). Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as known myocardial infarction or Q waves on electrocardiography. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with CAD. RESULTS Of the subjects, 260 (11.1%) had dysglycemia with normal WC, and 679 (28.9%), had high WC without dysglycemia. Compared with subjects with high WC without dysglycemia, those with dysglycemia/normal WC, adjusted for age, were more likely to be males (P<0.001) and have higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.05), higher serum triglycerides (P<0.001), higher tumor necrosis factor-α (P<0.001), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05), and higher prevalence of CAD (6.3% vs. 2.0%; odds ratio 3.25 [95% confidence interval 1.52-6.94]; P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Dysglycemia is associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile than central obesity alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Martina Papita
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Ahmed Nazir
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kabayam M. Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India
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