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Jo D, Ahn SY, Choi SY, Choi Y, Lee DH, Song J. Positive Effects of Adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 on Cortical Neurons Counteracting Palmitic Acid Induced Neurotoxicity. Clin Nutr Res 2024; 13:121-129. [PMID: 38784850 PMCID: PMC11109930 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2024.13.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome caused by diets containing excessive fatty acids is increasing worldwide. Patients with metabolic syndrome exhibit abnormal lipid profiles, chronic inflammation, increased levels of saturated fatty acids, impaired insulin sensitivity, excessive fat accumulation, and neuropathological issues such as memory deficits. In particular, palmitic acid (PA) in saturated fatty acids aggravates inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and synaptic failure. Recently, adiponectin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glucose-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have been investigated to find therapeutic solutions for metabolic syndrome, with findings suggesting that they are involved in insulin sensitivity, enhanced lipid profiles, increased neuronal survival, and improved synaptic plasticity. We investigated the effects of adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 on neurite outgrowth, length, and complexity in PA-treated primary cortical neurons using Sholl analysis. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 in enhancing synaptic plasticity within brains affected by metabolic imbalance. We underscore the need for additional research into the mechanisms by which adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 influence neural complexity in brains with metabolic imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Seo Yoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Department of MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
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Papakonstantinou E, Piperigkou Z, Karamanos NK, Zolota V. Altered Adipokine Expression in Tumor Microenvironment Promotes Development of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4139. [PMID: 36077676 PMCID: PMC9454958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a remarkably important factor for breast carcinogenesis and aggressiveness. The implication of increased BMI in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) development is also well established. A malignancy-promoting role of the adipose tissue has been supposed, where the adipocytes that constitute the majority of stromal cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Alterations in adipokines and their receptors play significant roles in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug response. Classic adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, have been extensively studied in breast cancer and connected with breast cancer risk and progression. Notably, new molecules are constantly being discovered and the list is continuously growing. Additionally, substantial progress has been made concerning their differential expression in association with clinical and pathological parameters of tumors and the prognostic and predictive value of their dysregulation in breast cancer carcinogenesis. However, evidence regarding the mechanisms by which adipose tissue is involved in the development of TNBC is lacking. In the present article we comment on current data on the suggested involvement of these mediators in breast cancer development and progression, with particular emphasis on TNBC, to draw attention to the design of novel targeted therapies and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Papakonstantinou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece or
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Cacciamali A, Pascucci L, Villa R, Dotti S. Engineered nanoparticles toxicity on adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells: A preliminary investigation. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:134-149. [PMID: 35969916 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnologies have recently gained importance in several fields, such as industry and medicine. A big issue of the increasing application of nanomaterials is the poor literature regarding their potential toxicity in humans and animals. Recently, adult stem cells have been proposed as putative targets of nanoparticles (NPs). This study aims to investigate the effects of zerovalent-metallic NPs on isolated and amplified equine Adipose tissue derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (eAdMSCs). Cells were treated with Cobalt (Co-), Iron (Fe-), and Nickel (Ni-) nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations and were characterized for the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of exposure. Treatment with NPs resulted in reduced cell viability and proliferative capability in comparison with untreated cells. However, this did not influence eAdMSCs potency, as treated cells were able to differentiate towards the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Ni- and Fe-NPs showed cytoplasmic localization, while Co-NPs entered the nucleus and mitochondria, suggesting a potential genotoxic activity. Regarding p53 expression, it was enhanced in the first 48 h after treatments, with a drastic reduction of expression within 72 h. Higher p53 expression was reported in the case of Co-NP treatment, suggesting the tumorigenic potential of these NPs. Telomerase activity was enhanced by Fe- and Ni-NP treatments in a concentration- and time-dependent way. This was not true for Co-NP treated samples, suggesting a reduced replicative capacity of eAdMSCs upon Co-NP exposure. The present study is a preliminary investigation of the influence exerted by NPs on eAdMSC physiological activity in terms of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The present results revealed eAdMSC physiology to be strongly influenced by NPs in a dose-, time- and NP-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cacciamali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Villa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Dotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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Suo F, Zhou X, Setroikromo R, Quax WJ. Receptor Specificity Engineering of TNF Superfamily Ligands. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:181. [PMID: 35057080 PMCID: PMC8781899 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family has nine ligands that show promiscuity in binding multiple receptors. As different receptors transduce into diverse pathways, the study on the functional role of natural ligands is very complex. In this review, we discuss the TNF ligands engineering for receptor specificity and summarize the performance of the ligand variants in vivo and in vitro. Those variants have an increased binding affinity to specific receptors to enhance the cell signal conduction and have reduced side effects due to a lowered binding to untargeted receptors. Refining receptor specificity is a promising research strategy for improving the application of multi-receptor ligands. Further, the settled variants also provide experimental guidance for engineering receptor specificity on other proteins with multiple receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Suo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Setroikromo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Three in One: The Potential of Brassica By-Products against Economic Waste, Environmental Hazard, and Metabolic Disruption in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124194. [PMID: 34959745 PMCID: PMC8708897 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of waste is generated within the different steps of the food supply chain, representing a significant loss of natural resources, plant material, and economic value for producers and consumers. During harvesting and processing, many parts of edible plants are not sold for consumption and end up as massive waste, adding environmental hazards to the list of concerns regarding food wastage. Examples are Brassica oleracea var. Italica (broccoli) by-products, which represent 75% of the plant mass. A growing concern in the Western world is obesity, which results from incorrect lifestyles and comprises an extensive array of co-morbidities. Several studies have linked these co-morbidities to increased oxidative stress; thus, naturally occurring and readily available antioxidant compounds are an attractive way to mitigate metabolic diseases. The idea of by-products selected for their biomedical value is not novel. However, there is innovation underlying the use of Brassica by-products in the context of obesity. For this reason, Brassica by-products are prime candidates to be used in the treatment of obesity due to its bioactive compounds, such as sulforaphane, which possess antioxidant activity. Here, we review the economic and health potential of Brassica bioactive compounds in the context of obesity.
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C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 1: a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 79:273-280. [PMID: 34840267 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis serves as the pathological basis of most cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein (CTRP1) is a 35-kDa glycoprotein synthesized by various tissues and cells, such as adipose tissue and macrophages. As an adiponectin paralog, CTRP1 signals through adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes. Circulating CTRP1 levels are significantly increased in patients with coronary artery disease. Importantly, CTRP1 was shown to accelerate the development of atherosclerosis by promoting vascular inflammation, macrophage foam cell formation and endothelial barrier dysfunction. This review focused on recent advances regarding the role of CTRP1 in atherogenesis with an emphasis on its potential as a novel biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis-related diseases.
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Zhang W, Liu P, Ling S, Wang F, Wang S, Chen T, Zhou R, Xia X, Yao Z, Fan Y, Wang N, Wang J, Tucker HO, Guo X. Forkhead box P1 (Foxp1) in osteoblasts regulates bone mass accrual and adipose tissue energy metabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2017-2026. [PMID: 34131944 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (AdipoQ), a hormone abundantly secreted by adipose tissues, has multiple beneficial functions, including insulin sensitization as well as lipid and glucose metabolism. It has been reported that bone controls energy metabolism through an endocrine-based mechanism. In this study, we observed that bone also acts as an important endocrine source for AdipoQ, and its capacity in osteoblasts is controlled by the forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) transcriptional factor. Deletion of the Foxp1 gene in osteoblasts led to augmentation of AdipoQ levels accompanied by fueled energy expenditure in adipose tissues. In contrast, overexpression of Foxp1 in bones impaired AdipoQ secretion and restrained energy consumption. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis revealed that AdipoQ expression, which increases as a function of bone age, is directly controlled by FOXP1. Our results indicate that bones, especially aged bones, provide an important source of a set of endocrine factors, including AdipoQ, that control body metabolism. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Ling
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaojiao Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tienan Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rujiang Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechun Xia
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengju Yao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yazdanpanah MH, Farjam M, Naghizadeh MM, Jedi F, Mohebi K, Homayounfar R. Sleep duration and anthropometric indices in an Iranian population: the Fasa PERSIAN cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16249. [PMID: 34376752 PMCID: PMC8355308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have seen a dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity. While genetic factors can influence obesity, environmental factors and lifestyle may play important roles as well. Sleep can be regarded as one of these factors. This study aimed to examine sleep duration, as a potential risk factor for obesity in an Iranian population. In this cross-sectional study, the Fasa PERSIAN cohort study data was used and 10,136 subjects aged 35-70 were entered. Anthropometrics indices have been measured and the total body fat percentage (BFP) was obtained by Bio-Impedance Analysis. Also, physical activity and dietary intake have been recorded. Sleep duration was obtained and individuals categorized into two groups of "< 8" and "≥ 8" h of sleep. The mean age and sleep duration of the participants were 48.63 ± 9.57 years and 6.92 ± 1.62 h in the total population, respectively. All of the anthropometric indices were significantly higher in the "< 8 h of sleep" group than in the "≥ 8 h of sleep" group. Regarding BFP and fat mass index (FMI) the same results was seen (p-value < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), Waist and hip circumferences (WC, HC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were in a significant negative association with night time sleep (p-value < 0.001), while these associations with daytime napping were positive (p-value < 0.001). After multi-variable adjusting, BMI, WC, HC, WHtR, and wrist circumference showed significant negative associations with 24-h sleep duration (p-value < 0.05). This study established the association between nocturnal, daytime napping, 24-h sleep duration and obesity parameters. Daytime napping was positively associated with obesity parameters and short 24-h sleep duration was associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity. These results indicate that insufficient sleep can be a screening indicator for an unhealthy lifestyle and poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Yazdanpanah
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran ,grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fariba Jedi
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Kamand Mohebi
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran ,grid.411600.2National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yu H, Wang S, Hu W, Xu L, Ding Y, Kong D, Pan H. Association between Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms of RXRG and Genetic Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in South China. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:408-414. [PMID: 31808386 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666191206163951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of RXRG rs1467664, rs3753898 and the genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Han population from South China. METHODS In our case-control study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1467664 and rs3753898 were genotyped by SNPscanTM kit in 1092 patients with T2D as cases and 1092 normal persons as controls. The distributions of genotype and allele frequencies in two groups were analyzed by the SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS The distribution of genotypes and alleles of RXRG rs3753898 was statistically significant between the two groups, but there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the rs1467664. Before and after the adjustment of age, sex and BMI, rs3753898 in the two groups had statistical significance under the additive, dominant and recessive models (P<0.05), but no statistical differences were found under the overdominance and co-dominant genetic models (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the genetic models of rs1467664 between the two groups (P>0.05). The haplotype, which consists of rs1467664 allele T and rs3753898 allele A was a high-risk factor for T2D, OR=1.27, 95% CI (1.09-1.47), Padj=0.002. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the single nucleotide polymorphism of RXRG rs3753898 may be related to genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes. The haplotype consisting of the allele T of rs1467664 and the allele A of rs3753898 is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the genetic variation of RXRG gene may be the genetic cause of diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Danli Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Acetyl-L-Carnitine Ameliorates Metabolic and Endocrine Alterations in Women with PCOS: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Adv Ther 2021; 38:3842-3856. [PMID: 34047916 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine-metabolic disorder and the main cause of infertility in women of reproductive age. Affected women suffer from insulin resistance and present with an intense stress response. Treatment with insulin sensitizers alone and in combination is used to ameliorate the signs and symptoms associated with the disease. This study was designed to compare the endocrine and metabolic parameters as well as subjective and objective measures of stress in women with PCOS before and after treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) and metformin plus pioglitazone. METHODS A total of 147 women with PCOS were randomly assigned into two groups: the combo group (n = 72) received a combination of metformin, pioglitazone, and ALC (500 mg, 15 mg, and 1500 mg, respectively), twice daily; the Met + Pio group (n = 75) received metformin plus pioglitazone (500 mg, 15 mg, respectively) and placebo (citric acid plus calcium carbonate), twice daily for 12 weeks. Medications were discontinued when pregnancy was confirmed. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS14) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were employed as subjective measures of stress. The endocrine and metabolic functions of women with PCOS were assessed by measuring insulin, leutinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and adiponectin levels in fasting blood samples. Insulin resistance was calculated by Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Women at baseline had significantly elevated circulating concentration of insulin and low level of adiponectin. Treatment decreased insulin in both groups; however, the combo group showed a significant decrease (p = 0.001). Serum adiponectin level was raised significantly after treatment in both groups (p < 0.001). HOMA-IR also decreased in both groups (both p < 0.001). Testosterone, FSH, and LH significantly improved in both groups. LH also decreased in both groups; however, the change was significant only in the combo (metformin plus pioglitazone plus ALC) group (p = 0.013). Interestingly, there was a significant improvement in body circumference (p < 0.001) in the combo group. The PSS scores of the patients improved significantly (p < 0.001) in the combo group. Interestingly, regular menstrual cycles were found (97.2%) in the carnitine group, but in only 12.9% of the other group. CONCLUSION We conclude that addition of ALC therapy is superior to metformin plus pioglitazone in ameliorating insulin resistance, polycystic ovaries, menstrual irregularities, and hypoadiponectinemia in women with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration: clinicalTrial.gov NCT04113889. Registered 3 October, 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04113889 .
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Turner RT, Wong CP, Fosse KM, Branscum AJ, Iwaniec UT. Caloric Restriction and Hypothalamic Leptin Gene Therapy Have Differential Effects on Energy Partitioning in Adult Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136789. [PMID: 34202651 PMCID: PMC8269114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieting is a common but often ineffective long-term strategy for preventing weight gain. Similar to humans, adult rats exhibit progressive weight gain. The adipokine leptin regulates appetite and energy expenditure but hyperleptinemia is associated with leptin resistance. Here, we compared the effects of increasing leptin levels in the hypothalamus using gene therapy with conventional caloric restriction on weight gain, food consumption, serum leptin and adiponectin levels, white adipose tissue, marrow adipose tissue, and bone in nine-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats (n = 16) were implanted with a cannula in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with a recombinant adeno-associated virus, encoding the rat gene for leptin (rAAV-Lep), and maintained on standard rat chow for 18 weeks. A second group (n = 15) was calorically-restricted to match the weight of the rAAV-Lep group. Both approaches prevented weight gain, and no differences in bone were detected. However, calorically-restricted rats consumed 15% less food and had lower brown adipose tissue Ucp-1 mRNA expression than rAAV-Lep rats. Additionally, calorically-restricted rats had higher abdominal white adipose tissue mass, higher serum leptin and adiponectin levels, and higher marrow adiposity. Caloric restriction and hypothalamic leptin gene therapy, while equally effective in preventing weight gain, differ in their effects on energy intake, energy expenditure, adipokine levels, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T. Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (R.T.T.); (C.P.W.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (R.T.T.); (C.P.W.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Kristina M. Fosse
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (R.T.T.); (C.P.W.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Adam J. Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Urszula T. Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (R.T.T.); (C.P.W.); (K.M.F.)
- Correspondence:
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eNAMPT Is Localised to Areas of Cartilage Damage in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis and Promotes Cartilage Catabolism and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136719. [PMID: 34201564 PMCID: PMC8269388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Recent studies have shown that adipokine extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT or visfatin) induces the production of IL-6 and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in chondrocytes, suggesting it may promote articular cartilage degradation. However, neither the functional effects of extracellular visfatin on human articular cartilage tissue, nor its expression in the joint of hip OA patients of varying BMI, have been reported. Hip OA joint tissues were collected from patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Cartilage explants were stimulated with recombinant human visfatin. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs were measured by ELISA and Luminex. Localisation of visfatin expression in cartilage tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Cartilage matrix degradation was determined by quantifying proteoglycan release. Expression of visfatin was elevated in the synovial tissue of hip OA patients who were obese, and was co-localised with MMP-13 in areas of cartilage damage. Visfatin promoted the degradation of hip OA cartilage proteoglycan and induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, CCL20, and CCL4) and MMPs. The elevated expression of visfatin in the obese hip OA joint, and its functional effects on hip cartilage tissue, suggests it plays a central role in the loss of cartilage integrity in obese patients with hip OA.
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da Silva RDNO, Santos-Eichler RA, Dias C, Rodrigues SF, Skiba DS, Landgraf RG, de Carvalho MHC, Guzik T, Fock RA, Akamine EH. Immune spleen cells attenuate the inflammatory profile of the mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue in obese mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11153. [PMID: 34045574 PMCID: PMC8160359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) differs from other fat depots and exerts a paracrine action on the vasculature. The spleen has an important role in the immune response, and it was observed to have either a protective role or a contribution to obesity-related diseases. However, the relation between spleen and PVAT is elusive in obesity. We investigated the role of spleen in the inflammatory profile of the mesenteric PVAT (mPVAT) from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Male C57Bl/6 mice were sham-operated or splenectomized (SPX) and fed a HFD for 16 weeks. mPVAT morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, infiltrated immune cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA and the splenic cell chemotaxis mediated by mPVAT was evaluated using a transwell assay. In SPX mice, HFD induced adipocyte hypertrophy and increased immune cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine levels in mPVAT. However, none of these effects were observed in mPVAT from sham-operated mice. Spleen from HFD fed mice presented reduced total leukocytes and increased inflammatory markers when compared to the spleen from control mice. Chemotaxis of spleen cells mediated by mPVAT of HFD fed mice was reduced in relation to standard diet fed mice. The spleen protects mPVAT against the effects of 16-week HFD. This information was missing, and it is important because PVAT is different from other fat depots and data cannot be extrapolated from any type of adipose tissue to PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dominik S Skiba
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | | | | | - Tomasz Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Hiromi Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Circulating Adiponectin and Its Association with Metabolic Traits and Type 2 Diabetes: Gene-Diet Interactions Focusing on Selected Gene Variants and at the Genome-Wide Level in High-Cardiovascular Risk Mediterranean Subjects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020541. [PMID: 33562295 PMCID: PMC7914877 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is gaining renewed interest since, in addition to its possible protective role against insulin resistance and arteriosclerosis, recent studies suggest other additional favorable effects. However, the influence of gene-diet interactions on plasma adiponectin levels is still little understood. We analyzed the association between plasma adiponectin levels and various metabolic traits in a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, as well as the genetic effect of four candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and their interactions with the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Additionally, we explored, at the genome-wide level, the SNPs most associated with plasma adiponectin levels, as well as gene-diet interactions with the Mediterranean diet. In the 954 participants studied (aged 55-80 years), plasma adiponectin levels were strongly associated with plasma HDL-C concentrations (p = 6.6 × 10-36) and inversely related to triglycerides (p = 4.7 × 10-18), fasting glucose (p = 3.5 × 10-16) and type 2 diabetes (p = 1.4 × 10-7). Of the four pre-selected ADIPOQ candidate SNPs, the one most associated with plasma adiponectin was the -11391G > A (rs17300539) promoter SNP (p = 7.2 × 10-5, in the multivariable adjusted model). No significant interactions with the Mediterranean diet pattern were observed for these SNPs. Additionally, in the exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS), we found new SNPs associated with adiponectin concentrations at the suggestive genome-wide level (p < 1 × 10-5) for the whole population, including the lead SNP rs9738548 (intergenic) and rs11647294 in the VAT1L (Vesicle Amine Transport 1 Like) gene. We also found other promising SNPs on exploring different strata such as men, women, diabetics and non-diabetics (p = 3.5 × 10-8 for rs2850066). Similarly, we explored gene-Mediterranean diet interactions at the GWAS level and identified several SNPs with gene-diet interactions at p < 1 × 10-5. A remarkable gene-diet interaction was revealed for the rs2917570 SNP in the OPCML (Opioid Binding Protein/Cell Adhesion Molecule Like) gene, previously reported to be associated with adiponectin levels in some populations. Our results suggest that, in this high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, and even though adiponectin is favorably associated with metabolic traits and lower type 2 diabetes, the gene variants more associated with adiponectin may be population-specific, and some suggestive gene-Mediterranean diet interactions were detected.
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Werida R, Khairat I, Khedr NF. Effect of atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin on inflammatory biomarkers and LV function in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111179. [PMID: 33401219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are potential drugs for decreasing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. PURPOSE To examine the efficacy of both rosuvastatin (ROSUVA) and atorvastatin (ATORVA) on LV function and markers of inflammation in T2D patients with dyslipidemia. METHODS One hundred-sixty T2D patients were assigned to receive either atorvastatin (ATORVA group, n = 80, 40 mg) or rosuvastatin (ROSUVA group, n = 80, 10 mg), daily for 6 months. Blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The prevalence of left ventricular abnormalities was determined by echocardiography and two-dimensional Speckle-Strain to assess Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS). RESULTS ROSUVA vs. ATORVA resulted in significant (p < 0.001) reduction in HbA1c % (9.13 vs 2.35%), LDL-C (22.23% vs. 14.75%), triglycerides (13.56 % vs. 8.21 %), total cholesterol (16.10 % vs. 10.81 %), atherogenic index (18.08. % vs. 10.97%), hs-CRP (23.51 % vs.18.96%), sortilin (33.33 % % vs. 15.08 %), and leptin (31.81 % vs. 23.17 %) but increased adiponectin (97.99 % vs.76.47.1 %) and HDL-C (76.47 % vs. 0.21 %) compared with baseline, respectively. Negative correlations between adiponectin and each of hs-CRP, HbA1c%, total cholesterol, LDL-C, atherogenic index and leptin were found. Also, left ventricular functions were correlated with adiponectin, lipids, HbA1c% and hs-CRP. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) showed that hs-CRP, leptin, sortlin, leptin, and adiponectin were good predictors for cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION ROSUVA is more efficacious in improving lipid profile, atherogenic index and modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in dyslipidemic T2D patients compared with ATROVA. However, both statins are equivalent as cardioprotective agents in dyslipidemic T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Werida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Damanhur University, El- Bahiara, Egypt.
| | - Ibtsam Khairat
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Tanta University, El-Gharbia, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa F Khedr
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Tanta University, El-Gharbia, Egypt.
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Kakino A, Fujita Y, Ke LY, Chan HC, Tsai MH, Dai CY, Chen CH, Sawamura T. Adiponectin forms a complex with atherogenic LDL and inhibits its downstream effects. J Lipid Res 2020; 62:100001. [PMID: 33410750 PMCID: PMC7890179 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, has antiatherogenic and antidiabetic effects, but how it confers the atherogenic effects is not well known. To study the antiatherogenic mechanisms of adiponectin, we examined whether it interacts with atherogenic low density lipoprotein (LDL) to attenuate LDL's atherogenicity. L5, the most electronegative subfraction of LDL, induces atherogenic responses similarly to copper-oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Unlike the native LDL endocytosed via the LDL receptor, L5 and oxLDL are internalized by cells via the lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we showed that adiponectin preferentially bound oxLDL but not native LDL. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the LOX-1 or LDL receptor, adiponectin selectively inhibited the uptake of oxLDL but not of native LDL, respectively. Furthermore, adiponectin suppressed the internalization of oxLDL in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and THP-1-derived macrophages. Western blot analysis of human plasma showed that adiponectin was abundant in L5 but not in L1, the least electronegative subfraction of LDL. Sandwich ELISAs with anti-adiponectin and anti-apolipoprotein B antibodies confirmed the binding of adiponectin to L5 and oxLDL. In LOX-1-expressing CHO cells, adiponectin inhibited cellular responses to oxLDL and L5, including nuclear factor-κB activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinas phosphorylation. In HCAECs, adiponectin inhibited oxLDL-induced endothelin-1 secretion and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Conversely, oxLDL suppressed the adiponectin-induced activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in COS-7 cells expressing adiponectin receptor AdipoR1. Our findings suggest that adiponectin binds and inactivates atherogenic LDL, providing novel insight into the antiatherogenic mechanisms of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujita
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Chen Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Child Care, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Werida R, Khairat I, Khedr L, El-Sisi AED. Comparative effects of enalapril versus perindopril on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in hypertensive patients. Acta Cardiol 2020; 75:551-556. [PMID: 31345107 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2019.1636533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Abnormal adipokine levels affect blood pressure (BP) regulation. Hypo-adiponectinaemia and hyperleptinaemia were reported in hypertension, little is known about how antihypertensive therapy affects these alterations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of perindopril versus enalapril on plasma adiponectin, tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-α) and leptin levels in hypertensive individuals.Methods: In the present study, we analysed the samples obtained from 93 treatment-naıve, adult hypertensive patients, randomised to treatement with enalapril (10 mg/d, n = 31), perindopril (5 mg/d, n = 31), or maintained on life style modification (n = 31). Plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α and lipid profile were determined at baseline, and after 3 months.Results: Compared to subjects maintained on lifestyle modification (n = 31), enalapril or perindopril treatment was associated with a significant decrease in BP. Administration of perindopril or enalapril resulted in an increase in plasma adiponectin and a reduction in plasma leptin. No significant changes in lipid profile were observed after treatment.Conclusions: Our results indicate that perindopril is superior to enalapril when it comes to its effect on the human adipose-tissue-derived hormones. This suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improves the adipokine profile, possibly allowing beneficial effects to hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Werida
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ibtsam Khairat
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Khedr
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din El-Sisi
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Resveratrol increase the proportion of oxidative muscle fiber through the AdipoR1-AMPK-PGC-1α pathway in pigs. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Valsartan Versus Amlodipine Effect on Left Ventricular Multidirectional Deformation and Adipocytokines Levels in Hypertensive Patients: Speckle Tracking Echocardiography. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:379-388. [PMID: 32705504 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural and functional properties of the left ventricle (LV) wall have been reported to be altered in hypertension, even at early stages of the disease. Abnormal adipokine levels affect blood pressure regulation. Hypo-adiponectinaemia and hyper-leptinaemia were reported in hypertension. AIM To evaluate the effects of valsartan versus amlodipine on LV deformation also, on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in hypertensive individuals. METHODS LV strain was measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin was determined in 30 healthy individuals served as control group and in 200 hypertensive patients before and after treatment for 6 months with either valsartan 160 mg or amlodipine 10 mg. RESULTS Compared to control group longitudinal strain was significantly affected in hypertensive patients, adiponectin was significantly lower while TNF-α, hs-CRP and leptin levels were significantly higher in hypertensive group. A significant improvement in LV functions, along with a decrease in leptin and increase in adiponectin levels in valsartan group compared to amlodipine group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that valsartan is superior to amlodipine when it comes to affecting the hormonal function of human adipose tissue. Valsartan has a beneficial effect on LV deformation and function presented in GLS.
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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El-Kafoury BMA, Bahgat NM, Abdel-Hady EA, Samad AAAE, Shawky MK, Mohamed FA. Impaired metabolic and hepatic functions following subcutaneous lipectomy in adult obese rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1661-1677. [PMID: 31443137 DOI: 10.1113/ep087670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the impact and drawbacks of subcutaneous lipectomy on body metabolism? What is the main finding and its importance? Subcutaneous lipectomy resulted in deterioration of hepatic functions, atherosclerotic lipid profile and disturbed redox state. While the results support lipectomy as an effective treatment for obesity, lipectomy induces unfavourable changes in health. ABSTRACT The number of obese older adults is on the rise, but data about proper treatment of obesity in the elderly is controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness and consequences of partial subcutaneous lipectomy, as a rapid medical intervention against increased accumulation of body fat, in adult obese rats. The study was conducted on adult (9-12 months) female rats, in which obesity was induced by bilateral surgical ovariectomy. They were randomized into two main groups: short term (5 weeks) and long term (10 weeks). Both groups were subdivided into control, ovariectomized (OVX) and ovariectomized lipectomized groups. Body weight (BW) was measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and plasma levels of total proteins, albumin, liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), leptin and adiponectin were determined. The content of both blood and hepatic tissue of reduced glutathione was estimated. In addition, histological study of the liver, aorta and peri-renal fat was performed. Compared to controls, OVX rats showed significant increase in BW, BMI and plasma levels of liver enzymes, MDA and leptin. Histological study revealed vacuolated ballooned hepatocytes and enlarged irregular visceral adipocytes with atherosclerotic changes in the wall of aorta. Following subcutaneous lipectomy, rats exhibited significant fasting hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, lowered plasma albumin and disturbed redox state with aggravation of the histological changes. The findings indicate that although subcutaneous lipectomy appears to be effective in combating obesity in older females, it has unfavourable effects on both metabolic and hepatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nehal M Bahgat
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A Abdel-Hady
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mona K Shawky
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Mohamed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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2-Phenyl-8-(1-phenylallyl)-chromenone compounds have a pan-PPAR modulator pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2948-2958. [PMID: 31128991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Adiponectin secretion-inducing compounds have therapeutic potential in a variety of metabolic diseases. Phenotypic screening led to the discovery that 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (compound 1) had adiponectin secretion-inducing activity during adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Compound 1 was originally reported to be an anti-cancer chemical isolated from natural honeybee propolis, and its adiponectin secretion-inducing activity was found in non-cytotoxic concentrations. In a target identification study, compound 1 and its potent synthetic derivative compound 5 were shown to be novel pan-peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR) modulators. Molecular docking models with PPARs have indicated that the binding modes of chromenone compounds preferentially interacted with the hydrophobic ligand binding pocket of PPARs. In addition, chromenone compounds have been shown to result in different phenotypic outcomes in the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolic enzymes than those of selective PPAR mono-agonists for PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. In line with the pharmacology of adiponectin and PPAR pan-modulators, compounds 1 and 5 may have diverse therapeutic potentials to treat cancer and metabolic diseases.
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Guex CG, Reginato FZ, de Jesus PR, Brondani JC, Lopes GHH, Bauermann LDF. Antidiabetic effects of Olea europaea L. leaves in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:1-7. [PMID: 30721736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. It has broad occurrence worldwide, affecting millions of people, and can cause serious complications. The olive (Olea europaea L.) has important pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities. Olive leaves are used in traditional medicine for diabetes and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of the ethanolic extract of olive leaves (EEOL) on the metabolism of rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were either given normal feed or a high-fat diet (70% standard laboratory feed, 15% sucrose, 10% lard and 5% yolk powder) for four weeks, followed by administration of STZ (35 mg/kg, via ip). Animals with fasting glucose levels above 200 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Animals were divided into 5 groups, which received ethanol (10 mL/kg), metformin (250 mg/kg), or EEOL at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg during 10 weeks by oral gavage. Blood samples were used to measure hematological and biochemical parameters, and kidneys were removed for posterior analysis. Body weight was recorded weekly. RESULTS A significant decrease in body weight was observed among diabetic animals treated with ethanol and EEOL compared to the control group. Moreover, animals treated with EEOL showed an improvement in glucose levels and in levels of inflammatory and metabolic markers when compared to diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a potential anti-diabetic activity of olive leaves, however more studies are needed to validate clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Gaube Guex
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Fernanda Ziegler Reginato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Patrícia Romualdo de Jesus
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Juliana Calil Brondani
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Gilberti Helena Hübscher Lopes
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos , Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
| | - Liliane de Freitas Bauermann
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
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Effects of running on adiponectin, insulin and cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid in healthy young individuals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1959. [PMID: 30760755 PMCID: PMC6374465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise can prevent the sedentary lifestyle-related risk of metabolic and cognitive decline, but mechanisms and mediators of exercise effects on human brain are relatively unexplored. We measured acute exercise-induced changes in adiponectin, insulin and other bioactive molecules in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from young lean individuals. Samples of serum and CSF were obtained before and 1-h after the 90-min run (75–80% HRmax; maximal heart rate), additional serum was taken at finish-line. Body composition, physical fitness, metabolic rate, cognitive functions, food preference, glucose, insulin and albumin were measured. The spectrum of 174 cytokines was assessed by protein arrays, adiponectin was also determined by ELISA and immunoblotting. CSF adiponectin decreased post-exercise by 21.3% (arrays) and 25.8% (ELISA) (p < 0.009). Immunoblotting revealed reduction in a low-molecular-weight-adiponectin (p < 0.005). CSF adiponectin positively correlated with CSF/serum albumin ratio (p < 0.022), an indicator of blood-brain-barrier permeability. CSF and serum adiponectin were positively associated with memory and running-induced changes in insulinemia and CSF insulin. Additionally, running modulated CSF levels of 16 other cytokines. Acute running reduced CSF adiponectin and modulated insulin and albumin in CSF and serum. Associations of adiponectin with memory and metabolism indicate the potential role of this bioactive molecule in mediating exercise-induced adaptive response in human brain.
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Pal China S, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Adiponectin signaling and its role in bone metabolism. Cytokine 2018; 112:116-131. [PMID: 29937410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most prevalent adipo-cytokine in plasma plays critical metabolic and anti-inflammatory roles is fast emerging as an important molecular target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Adiponectin action is critical in multiple organs including cardio-vascular system, muscle, liver, adipose tissue, brain and bone. Adiponectin signaling in bone has been a topic of active investigation lately. Human association studies and multiple mice models of gene deletion/modification failed to define a clear cause and effect of adiponectin signaling in bone. The most plausible reason could be the multimeric forms of adiponectin that display differential binding to receptors (adipoR1 and adipoR2) with cell-specific receptor variants in bone. Discovery of small molecule agonist of adipoR1 suggested a salutary role of this receptor in bone metabolism. The downstream signaling of adipoR1 in osteoblasts involves stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation leading to increased differentiation via the likely suppression of wnt inhibitor, sclerostin. On the other hand, the inflammation modulatory effect of adiponectin signaling suppresses the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand) - to - OPG (osteprotegerin) ratio in osteoblasts leading to the suppression of osteoclastogenic response. This review will discuss the adiponectin signaling and its role in skeletal homeostasis and critically assess whether adipoR1 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamsundar Pal China
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India.
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Carreras NL, Martorell P, Chenoll E, Genovés S, Ramón D, Aleixandre A. Anti-obesity properties of the strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 in Zücker fatty rats. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:629-641. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of oral administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 strain in Zücker fatty rats. The Zücker fatty rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 each) and administered either B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 (1010 cfu/day) suspended in skim milk, or skim milk alone (control group). Each treatment was administered in drinking bottles from week 5 until week 17 of age. A lean Zücker rat group (standard group) was included to provide normal values for the Zücker strain. This group was administered skim milk in the drinking bottle for the same experimental period as Zücker fatty rats. Body weight gain was greater in the fatty control group than in the fatty rats treated daily with B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145. Furthermore, dry and liquid food intake significantly decreased in the treated Zücker fatty group and these rats also showed decreased plasma ghrelin levels as compared with the Zücker fatty control group. B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 intake also decreased plasma tumour necrosis factor-α (a proinflammatory cytokine) and plasma malondialdehyde (a biomarker of oxidative stress). Moreover, the ratio plasma total cholesterol/plasma cholesterol transported by high-density lipoproteins, considered as an index for cardiovascular disease, also significantly decreased in the Zücker fatty rats treated with B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145. By contrast, this bacterial strain significantly increased plasma adiponectin (an insulin-sensitising adipokine), but did not produce significant effects on triglyceride levels or glucose metabolism biomarkers. Although further research is required to confirm B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 is an efficient anti-obesity treatment in humans, the results obtained in this study are promising and point to the health and anti-obesity properties of this bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. López Carreras
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Martorell
- Department of Food Biotechnology; Biópolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat De València, Edif. 2, C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - E. Chenoll
- Department of Food Biotechnology; Biópolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat De València, Edif. 2, C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - S. Genovés
- Department of Food Biotechnology; Biópolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat De València, Edif. 2, C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - D. Ramón
- Department of Food Biotechnology; Biópolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat De València, Edif. 2, C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - A. Aleixandre
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yahya RS, Awad SI, Kizilbash N, El-Baz HA, Atia G. Enteric parasites can disturb leptin and adiponectin levels in children. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:101-106. [PMID: 29379539 PMCID: PMC5778414 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection by intestinal parasites in childhood may be the main cause of many health-related problems in developed countries such as anemia, anorexia, loss of appetite, retarded growth and development. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different intestinal parasites on white adipose tissue hormones. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-one children infected by different parasites and 35 apparently healthy children were enrolled in this study. All patients and controls were subjected to clinical examination, measurement of body mass index (BMI) and laboratory examination. RESULTS For BMI percentiles, there was a significant increase in serum leptin level (p = 0.042) and a significant decrease in serum adiponectin level (p = 0.039) in uninfected children, whereas there were no significant changes in the infected group (p = 0.068 and 0.082 respectively). A significant increase in leptin and decrease in adiponectin levels were observed for E. histolytica, Strongyloides and E. histolytica and Giardia infections compared to the control group (p = 0.047, 0.035 and 0.019 for leptin, and p = 0.025, 0.038 and 0.041 for adiponectin, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The infection by some intestinal parasites may deregulate the secretion of leptin and adiponectin and also affect the absorption of some nutrients which can disturb the BMI and cause anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida S Yahya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's' Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Soha I Awad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Kizilbash
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim A El-Baz
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University (North Jeddah Branch), Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan Atia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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Sun H, Zou J, Chen L, Zu X, Wen G, Zhong J. Triple-negative breast cancer and its association with obesity. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:935-942. [PMID: 29285353 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptor and does not overexpress human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor protein. TNBC is associated with special characteristics, including aggressiveness, poor prognosis and poor response to treatment, and has been attracting increasing attention worldwide. Obesity is a well-documented factor exerting a significant effect on the development of breast cancer, including TNBC. The purpose of the present review was to focus on the association between obesity and TNBC and provide a summary of novel research findings. The aim was to highlight the association between TNBC and obesity and provide an overview of novel outlooks on clinical issues, biological rationale, novel targeted therapies and prognosis, in order to draw attention to the significance of weight management, primary prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Neurological Medicine, Hunan Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Geriatric Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410016, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gebo Wen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Kumar DRN, Seshadri KG, Pandurangi M. Effect of Metformin-sustained Release Therapy on Low-density Lipoprotein Size and Adiponectin in the South Indian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:679-683. [PMID: 28989873 PMCID: PMC5628535 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_154_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to compare surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, such as adiponectin (APN) levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size, before and after sustained release metformin (Met-SR) therapy in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Sixty women with PCOS and sixty age-matched controls in the age group 18-45 years were recruited after obtaining informed consent. Women with PCOS were initiated on Met-SR 1 g orally, which was increased to 1.5 g after 2 weeks and continued up to 24 weeks. Demographic data along with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, PCOS, and CVD were collected. Lipid profile plasma APN levels and LDL size were measured before and after therapy in the PCOS group. Data analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism-5 software. RESULTS Women with PCOS had greater dyslipidemia, lower APN level and LDL size, and increased lipid accumulating product index as compared to controls. After 6 months of Met-SR therapy, women with PCOS demonstrated significant increase in plasma APN levels and LDL size and significant decrease in weight, waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP). A significant decrease was observed in body mass index (BMI) in the overweight and obese PCOS subgroups. CONCLUSION Met-SR increases LDL size, APN concentration and decreases weight, WC, WHR, and BP in patients with PCOS. Met-SR may have salutary effects on LDL particle size through effects on APN levels in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rama Nagendra Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna G. Seshadri
- Department of Endocrinology and Medical Education, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Monna Pandurangi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kar K, Sinha S. Variations of Adipokines and Insulin Resistance in Primary Hypothyroidism. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BC07-BC09. [PMID: 28969110 PMCID: PMC5620750 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26666.10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypothyroidism is a common concern in endocrinology practice, which plays a significant role in metabolic and development processes. Obesity, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension may complicate hypothyroidism. Recent studies have shown that cytokines like leptin and adiponectin, secreted by adipose tissue and exert their endocrinal functions by modulating appetite, obesity and insulin sensitivity in conjunction with thyroid hormones. Interrelation between thyroid hormone, insulin resistance and adipokines are not yet clear. AIM To estimate serum leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance in patients with hypothyroidism and to compare with control subjects and measure the relation between the mean value of one variable with others. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty primary hypothyroidism patients and forty age and sex matched controls were selected for the study with informed consent. Fasting serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), leptin, adiponectin, glucose and insulin were estimated. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was evaluated from fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 17.0. Unpaired t-test and regression analysis were used to compare and determine the dependence, p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Serum TSH, leptin, adiponectin HOMA-IR were significantly higher (p<0.05) in patients with hypothyroidism (10.37±4.10, 10.97±0.60, 31.09±4.07, 3.64±0.40) than controls (2.41±2.09, 10.37±0.12, 33.32±1.44, 2.36±0.35). Regression analysis showed that leptin was significantly (p=0.054) dependent on adiponectin but not on others. CONCLUSION Increased oxidative stress by hypothyroid mediated leptin secretion and increased insulin resistance can down-regulate the adiponectin secretion and future complications. Serum estimation and correction of imbalance of adipokines in hypothyroidism can prevent severe consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Kar
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Satwika Sinha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Li D, Guo Y, Lu H, Wang R, Hu HC, Lu SH, Li XF, Li ZC, Wu YW, Tang ZH. The effect of local delivery of adiponectin from biodegradable microsphere-scaffold composites on new bone formation in adiponectin knockout mice. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4771-4779. [PMID: 32263251 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00704j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is the most abundant adipocyte-secreted adipokine; it regulates energy homeostasis and exerts well-characterized insulin-sensitizing properties. Previous studies have verified that globular adiponectin (gAPN) is also involved in bone metabolism, although observations have been controversial. The purpose of the current study is to use an APN-knockout (APN-KO) mouse model to evaluate the local delivery of gAPN to new bone formation. Using chitosan microspheres (CMs), we found that following an initial burst at 1 week, the release behavior of gAPN from the scaffold was sustained in a linear manner for the first 4 weeks, followed by a slower, more stable release from week 5 onwards. Interestingly, PLGA/β-TCP/CM-loaded gAPN scaffolds implanted in APN-KO mice increased bone formation and mineralization, and enhanced osteogenic marker expression 28 days post-implantation. gAPN also promoted preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cellular proliferation in vitro. In MC3T3-E1 cells, adaptor protein-containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine domain, leucine zipper motif (APPL1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) expression was upregulated in a time-dependent manner upon gAPN treatment, while APPL1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) pre-treatment reversed this enhanced expression. In conclusion, modified bone graft substitutes loaded with gAPN increase bone formation and mineralization in part by promoting osteoblast proliferation via the APPL1/PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- 2nd Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, B5 Anli Garden, #66 Anli Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Peterlin BL, Bigal ME, Tepper SJ, Urakaze M, Sheftell FD, Rapoport AM. Migraine and Adiponectin: Is There a Connection? Cephalalgia 2016; 27:435-46. [PMID: 17448181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a common disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of headache and associated symptoms. The full pathophysiology of migraine is incompletely delineated. Current theories suggest that it is a neurovascular disorder involving cortical depression, neurogenic inflammation and vasodilation. Various neuropeptides and cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine including calcitonin gene-related peptide, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. There is evidence demonstrating an association between migraine and processes associated with inflammation, atherosclerosis, immunity and insulin sensitivity. Similarly, adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipose tissue, has protective roles against the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-inflammatory activities of adiponectin include inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-induced IL-8 formation, as well as induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist. Adiponectin levels are also inversely correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Likewise, recent studies have shown a possible correlation between CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 and migraine attacks. In addition, insulin sensitivity is impaired in migraine and obesity is a risk factor for the transformation from episodic to chronic migraine. In this review we discuss the basic science of adiponectin and its potential connection to the pathophysiology of migraine. Future research may focus on how adiponectin levels are potentially altered during migraine attacks, and how that information can be potentially translated into migraine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Peterlin
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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Badshah H, Ali T, Kim MO. Osmotin attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairments via the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24493. [PMID: 27093924 PMCID: PMC4837357 DOI: 10.1038/srep24493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the brain mediates autoimmune responses and induces neuroinflammation that results in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The plant hormone osmotin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR4 downstream signaling, including activation of TLR4, CD14, IKKα/β, and NFκB, and the release of inflammatory mediators, such as COX-2, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-1β. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated colocalization of TLR4 and AdipoR1 receptors in BV2 microglial cells, which suggests that osmotin binds to AdipoR1 and inhibits downstream TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, osmotin treatment reversed LPS-induced behavioral and memory disturbances and attenuated LPS-induced increases in the expression of AD markers, such as Aβ, APP, BACE-1, and p-Tau. Osmotin improved synaptic functionality via enhancing the activity of pre- and post-synaptic markers, like PSD-95, SNAP-25, and syntaxin-1. Osmotin also prevented LPS-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration via inhibition of PARP-1 and caspase-3. Overall, our studies demonstrated that osmotin prevented neuroinflammation-associated memory impairment and neurodegeneration and suggest AdipoR1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of neuroinflammation and neurological disorders, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Badshah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Hadrich F, Mahmoudi A, Bouallagui Z, Feki I, Isoda H, Feve B, Sayadi S. Evaluation of hypocholesterolemic effect of oleuropein in cholesterol-fed rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 252:54-60. [PMID: 27019295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleuropein, which is the major compound of olive leaves, has been reported to exert several pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, antidiabetic and anti-atherosclerotic activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oleuropein on adiponectin level in high cholesterol diet (HCD) induced obesity in rat and the molecular mechanism underlying its activation. Our results showed that orally administered oleuropein (50 mg/kg) by gavage for 8 weeks decreased the body weight, adipose tissue mass and triglyceride and attenuated steatosis in liver. Moreover, the effect of oleuropein on adiponectin, an important hormone with fatty-acid oxidation properties, was evaluated and our data illustrated that oleuropein supplementation increased serum adiponectin concentration. The effects of oleuropein on protein expression related to lipogenic genes were investigated and our results showed that its administration significantly inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty-acid synthase (FAS). In addition, oleuropein stimulated the HCD-induced inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in epididymal adipose tissues. These results suggest that oleuropein exerts anti-obesity effects in HCD rats by activating AMPK and suppressing PPAR γ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) expression in adipose tissues. These data provide that oleuropein has important implications for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hadrich
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Laboratoire mixte international (LMI-COSYS-MED), Sfax Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Asma Mahmoudi
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Laboratoire mixte international (LMI-COSYS-MED), Sfax Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Zouhaier Bouallagui
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Laboratoire mixte international (LMI-COSYS-MED), Sfax Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Ines Feki
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Laboratoire mixte international (LMI-COSYS-MED), Sfax Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Bruno Feve
- INSERM UMR S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Laboratoire mixte international (LMI-COSYS-MED), Sfax Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia.
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Globular adiponectin induces leukocytosis and mobilizes hematopoietic progenitor cells in mice. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Hu H, Pu Y, Lu S, Zhang K, Guo Y, Lu H, Li D, Li X, Li Z, Wu Y, Tang Z. The Osteogenesis Effect and Underlying Mechanisms of Local Delivery of gAPN in Extraction Sockets of Beagle Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24946-64. [PMID: 26492241 PMCID: PMC4632783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A plastic and biodegradable bone substitute consists of poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid and 30 wt % β-tricalcium phosphate has been previously fabricated, but its osteogenic capability required further improvement. We investigated the use of globular adiponectin (gAPN) as an anabolic agent for tissue-engineered bone using this scaffold. A qualitative analysis of the bone regeneration process was carried out using μCT and histological analysis 12 weeks after implantation. CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) superimposition was used to characterise the effect of the different treatments on bone formation. In this study, we also explored adiponectin's (APN) influence on primary cultured human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells gene expressions involved in the osteogenesis. We found OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16 24947 that composite scaffolds loaded with gAPN or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) exhibited significantly increased bone formation and mineralisation following 12 weeks in the extraction sockets of beagle dogs, as well as enhanced expression of osteogenic markers. In vitro investigation revealed that APN also promoted osteoblast differentiation of primary cultured human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h-JBMMSCs), accompanied by increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, greater mineralisation, and production of the osteoblast-differentiated genes osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein and collagen type I, which was reversed by APPL1 siRNA. Therefore, the composite scaffold loaded with APN exhibited superior activity for guided bone regeneration compared with blank control or Bio-Oss® (a commercially available product). The composite scaffold with APN has significant potential for clinical applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Hu
- Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yinfei Pu
- Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Songhe Lu
- Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yuan Guo
- Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hui Lu
- Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Deli Li
- Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xuefen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zichen Li
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhihui Tang
- Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Ilavenil S, Kim DH, Valan Arasu M, Srigopalram S, Sivanesan R, Choi KC. Phenyllactic Acid from Lactobacillus plantarum PromotesAdipogenic Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte via Up-Regulationof PPAR-γ2. Molecules 2015; 20:15359-73. [PMID: 26305241 PMCID: PMC6332376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200815359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic drugs are commonly used to cure various human ailments at present. However, the uses of synthetic drugs are strictly regulated because of their adverse effects. Thus, naturally occurring molecules may be more suitable for curing disease without unfavorable effects. Therefore, we investigated phenyllactic acid (PLA) from Lactobacillus plantarum with respect to its effects on adipogenic genes and their protein expression in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by qPCR and western blot techniques. PLA enhanced differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μM. Maximum differentiation and lipid accumulation were observed at a concentration of 100 μM of PLA, as compared with control adipocytes (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of PPAR-γ2, C/EBP-α, adiponectin, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and SREBP-1 were increased by PLA treatment as compared with control adipocytes (p < 0.05). PLA stimulates PPAR-γ mRNA expression in a concentration dependent manner, but this expression was lesser than agonist (2.83 ± 0.014 fold) of PPAR-γ2. Moreover, PLA supplementation enhances glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes (11.81 ± 0.17 mM) compared to control adipocytes, but this glucose uptake was lesser than that induced by troglitazone (13.75 ± 0.95 mM) and insulin treatment (15.49 ± 0.20 mM). Hence, we conclude that PLA treatment enhances adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake via activation of PPAR-γ2, and PLA may thus be the potential candidate for preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundharrajan Ilavenil
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea.
| | - Da Hye Kim
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori-Shi 6808553, Japan.
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Srisesharam Srigopalram
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea.
| | | | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea.
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38
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Liu X, Wang S, You Y, Meng M, Zheng Z, Dong M, Lin J, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Yuan X, Hu T, Liu L, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Zhan J, Jong Lee H, Speakman JR, Jin W. Brown Adipose Tissue Transplantation Reverses Obesity in Ob/Ob Mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2461-9. [PMID: 25830704 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation enhances whole-body energy metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. However, it remains unclear whether BAT also has such beneficial effects on genetically obese mice. To address this issue, we transplanted BAT from C57/BL6 mice into the dorsal subcutaneous region of age- and sex-matched leptin deficient Ob/Ob mice. Interestingly, BAT transplantation led to a significant reduction of body weight gain with increased oxygen consumption and decreased total body fat mass, resulting in improvement of insulin resistance and liver steatosis. In addition, BAT transplantation increased the level of circulating adiponectin, whereas it reduced the levels of circulating free T3 and T4, which regulate thyroid hormone sensitivity in peripheral tissues. BAT transplantation also increased β3-adrenergic receptor and fatty acid oxidation related gene expression in subcutaneous and epididymal (EP) white adipose tissue. Accordingly, BAT transplantation increased whole-body thermogenesis. Taken together our results demonstrate that BAT transplantation may reduce obesity and its related diseases by activating endogenous BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Siping Wang
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yilin You
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Minghui Meng
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Dong
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Lin
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Qianwei Zhao
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoxue Yuan
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Hu
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lieqin Liu
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dehua Wang
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John R Speakman
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology (X.L., M.M., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H., L.L., Y.H., L.Z., H.J.L., W.J.) and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents (D.W.), Institute of Zoology, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology (J.R.S.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L., M.D., J.L., Q.Z., X.Y., T.H.), Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences (X.L.), Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China; Department of Special Service (S.W.), Chinese PLA General Hospital, and College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering (Y.Y., J.Z.), China Agricultural University, Tsinghua, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z.), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 53001, China; College of Animal Science and Technology (C.Z.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Institute of Biological and Environmental Science (J.R.S.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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39
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Targeting inflammation using celecoxib with glimepiride in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-015-0355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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40
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Contreras C, Gonzalez F, Fernø J, Diéguez C, Rahmouni K, Nogueiras R, López M. The brain and brown fat. Ann Med 2015; 47:150-68. [PMID: 24915455 PMCID: PMC4438385 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.919727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized organ responsible for thermogenesis, a process required for maintaining body temperature. BAT is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which activates lipolysis and mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipocytes. For many years, BAT was considered to be important only in small mammals and newborn humans, but recent data have shown that BAT is also functional in adult humans. On the basis of this evidence, extensive research has been focused on BAT function, where new molecules, such as irisin and bone morphogenetic proteins, particularly BMP7 and BMP8B, as well as novel central factors and new regulatory mechanisms, such as orexins and the canonical ventomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK)-SNS-BAT axis, have been discovered and emerged as potential drug targets to combat obesity. In this review we provide an overview of the complex central regulation of BAT and how different neuronal cell populations co-ordinately work to maintain energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria , Santiago de Compostela, 15782 , Spain
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41
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The role of circulating adiponectin in prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e22-31. [PMID: 25450645 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence suggests that adiponectin may play a protective role in tumor progression and prognosis. However, available evidence in prostate cancer is conflicting. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the role of circulating adiponectin and prostate cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS An extensive search was performed on Google, PubMed, Elsevier Science and Springer from the date of the inception of those services to December 2013. Eleven studies with 2,504 patients and 3,565 controls concerning this association were included in our analysis. Standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) was used to estimate this association. The pooled analysis showed that circulating adiponectin concentrations were lower in patients with prostate cancer than controls, with a pooled SMD of -0.893 μg/mL (95% CI, -1.345 to -0.440, p=0.000). Dose-response relationships between concentrations of adiponectin and risk of prostate cancer were evaluated. We found that decreased concentrations of adiponectin were associated with a significantly greater risk of prostate cancer (p for nonlinearity = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS The results of our analysis indicated that concentration of adiponectin in cancer patients was significantly lower than in controls. Thus, adiponectin may serve as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of this disease. We also found that decreased concentration of adiponectin was associated with a significantly greater risk of prostate cancer. However, more studies in future, especially larger, prospective studies, are needed to confirm this association with underlying biological mechanisms.
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Peta V, Torti C, Milic N, Focà A, Abenavoli L. Adiponectin serum level in chronic hepatitis C infection and therapeutic profile. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:44-52. [PMID: 25624996 PMCID: PMC4295193 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is commonly seen in the patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV is closely associated with lipid metabolism, and viral steatosis is more common in genotype 3 infection owing to a direct cytopathic effect of HCV core protein. In non-genotype 3 infection, hepatic steatosis is considered largely to be the result of the alterations in host metabolism; metabolic steatosis is primarily linked with HCV genotype 1. Adipose tissue secretes different hormones involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms. It has been demonstrated that adipocytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as the decreased plasma adiponectin levels, a soluble matrix protein expressed by adipoctyes and hepatocyte, are associated with liver steatosis. Various studies have shown that steatosis is strongly correlated negatively with adiponectin in the patients with HCV infection. The role of adiponectin in hepatitis C virus induced steatosis is still not completely understood, but the relationship between adiponectin low levels and liver steatosis is probably due to the ability of adiponectin to protect hepatocytes from triglyceride accumulation by increasing β-oxidation of free fatty acid and thus decreasing de novo free fatty acid production.
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43
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Vuolteenaho K, Leppänen T, Kekkonen R, Korpela R, Moilanen E. Running a marathon induces changes in adipokine levels and in markers of cartilage degradation--novel role for resistin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110481. [PMID: 25333960 PMCID: PMC4204875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Running a marathon causes strenuous joint loading and increased energy expenditure. Adipokines regulate energy metabolism, but recent studies have indicated that they also exert a role in cartilage degradation in arthritis. Our aim was to investigate the effects of running a marathon on the levels of adipokines and indices of cartilage metabolism. Blood samples were obtained from 46 male marathoners before and after a marathon run. We measured levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) and chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) as biomarkers of cartilage turnover and/or damage and plasma concentrations of adipokines adiponectin, leptin and resistin. Mean marathon time was 3∶30∶46±0∶02∶46 (h:min:sec). The exertion more than doubled MMP-3 levels and this change correlated negatively with the marathon time (r = –0.448, p = 0.002). YKL-40 levels increased by 56% and the effect on COMP release was variable. Running a marathon increased the levels of resistin and adiponectin, while leptin levels remained unchanged. The marathon-induced changes in resistin levels were positively associated with the changes in MMP-3 (r = 0.382, p = 0.009) and YKL-40 (r = 0.588, p<0.001) and the pre-marathon resistin levels correlated positively with the marathon induced change in YKL-40 (r = 0.386, p = 0.008). The present results show the impact of running a marathon, and possible load frequency, on cartilage metabolism: the faster the marathon was run, the greater was the increase in MMP-3 levels. Further, the results introduce pro-inflammatory adipocytokine resistin as a novel factor, which enhances during marathon race and associates with markers of cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriina Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riina Kekkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
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44
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Physical exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressant effects are mediated by the adipocyte hormone adiponectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15810-5. [PMID: 25331877 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415219111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADN) is an adipocyte-secreted protein with insulin-sensitizing, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties. Evidence is also accumulating that ADN has neuroprotective activities, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that ADN could pass through the blood-brain barrier, and elevating its levels in the brain increased cell proliferation and decreased depression-like behaviors. ADN deficiency did not reduce the basal hippocampal neurogenesis or neuronal differentiation but diminished the effectiveness of exercise in increasing hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, exercise-induced reduction in depression-like behaviors was abrogated in ADN-deficient mice, and this impairment in ADN-deficient mice was accompanied by defective running-induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the hippocampal tissue. In vitro analyses indicated that ADN itself could increase cell proliferation of both hippocampal progenitor cells and Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells. The neurogenic effects of ADN were mediated by the ADN receptor 1 (ADNR1), because siRNA targeting ADNR1, but not ADNR2, inhibited the capacity of ADN to enhance cell proliferation. These data suggest that adiponectin may play a significant role in mediating the effects of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis and depression, possibly by activation of the ADNR1/AMPK signaling pathways, and also raise the possibility that adiponectin and its agonists may represent a promising therapeutic treatment for depression.
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Nocapyrones: α- and γ-pyrones from a marine-derived Nocardiopsis sp. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4110-25. [PMID: 25007160 PMCID: PMC4113818 DOI: 10.3390/md12074110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One new α-pyrone (nocapyrone R (1)), and three known γ-pyrones (nocapyrones B, H and L (2-4)) were isolated from the culture extract of a Nocardiopsis strain collected from marine sediment. Structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including NMR and MS. γ-Pyrones 2-4 were found to induce adiponectin production in murine ST-13 preadipocyte cells but the α-pyrone 1 had no activity. The absolute configuration of the anteiso-methyl branching in 4 was determined by HPLC comparison of a degraded product of 4 with standard samples as a 2:3 enantiomeric mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.
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Wu Y, Tu Q, Valverde P, Zhang J, Murray D, Dong LQ, Cheng J, Jiang H, Rios M, Morgan E, Tang Z, Chen J. Central adiponectin administration reveals new regulatory mechanisms of bone metabolism in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1418-30. [PMID: 24780611 PMCID: PMC4059988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00048.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), the most abundant adipocyte-secreted adipokine, regulates energy homeostasis and exerts well-characterized insulin-sensitizing properties. The peripheral or central effects of APN regulating bone metabolism are beginning to be explored but are still not clearly understood. In the present study, we found that APN-knockout (APN-KO) mice fed a normal diet exhibited decreased trabecular structure and mineralization and increased bone marrow adiposity compared with wild-type (WT) mice. APN intracerebroventricular infusions decreased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipose tissue, epinephrine and norepinephrine serum levels, and osteoclast numbers, whereas osteoblast osteogenic marker expression and trabecular bone mass increased in APN-KO and WT mice. In addition, centrally administered APN increased hypothalamic tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C (Htr2C) expressions but decreased hypothalamic cannabinoid receptor-1 expression. Treatment of immortalized mouse neurons with APN demonstrated that APN-mediated effects on TPH2, CART, and Htr2C expression levels were abolished by downregulating adaptor protein containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine domain, and leucine zipper motif (APPL)-1 expression. Pharmacological increase in sympathetic activity stimulated adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and reversed APN-induced expression of the lysine-specific demethylases involved in regulating their commitment to the osteoblastic lineage. In conclusion, we found that APN regulates bone metabolism via central and peripheral mechanisms to decrease sympathetic tone, inhibit osteoclastic differentiation, and promote osteoblastic commitment of BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paloma Valverde
- Department of Sciences, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dana Murray
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lily Q Dong
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jessica Cheng
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hua Jiang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maribel Rios
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elise Morgan
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Orthopedic Surgery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Zhihui Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Sackler Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Adiponectin is among the most studied adipokines, the collection of molecules secreted from adipose tissue. It is also one of the most architecturally complex adipokines with its various oligomeric states that include trimers, hexamers, nonamers (9mers), dodecamers (12mers), and octadecamers (18mers). The importance of adiponectin in metabolic regulation is underscored by its strong positive associations with improvement in insulin action and also decreased risks for developing type 2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms involved in maintaining the steady-state concentrations of adiponectin oligomers in circulation is therefore likely to provide important insight into the development of insulin resistance. This review will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the biochemical composition of adiponectin oligomers, the commonly used techniques to analyze them, and the known post-translational modifications that affect their assembly. Evidence based on in vitro oligomer assembly reactions in support of a "cystine ratchet" model of adiponectin oligomer formation will be considered along with limitations of the evidence. Secretory pathway proteins that have been shown to affect the distribution of adiponectin oligomers will also be discussed along with hypotheses regarding their potential involvement in the cystine ratchet model of adiponectin oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Shuen Tsao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, MRB Diabetes Research, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA,
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Silva T, Colombo G, Schiavon L. Adiponectin: A multitasking player in the field of liver diseases. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:95-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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AMP-activated protein kinase mediates insulin-like and lipo-mobilising effects of β-glucan-rich polysaccharides isolated from Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.), Singer mushroom, in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Chem 2014; 145:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Song J, Lee JE. Adiponectin as a new paradigm for approaching Alzheimer's disease. Anat Cell Biol 2013; 46:229-34. [PMID: 24386594 PMCID: PMC3875839 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine released by the adipose tissue and has multiple roles in the immune system and in the metabolic syndromes such as cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and also in the neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Adiponectin regulates the sensitivity of insulin, fatty acid catabolism, glucose homeostasis and anti-inflammatory system through various mechanisms. Previous studies demonstrated that adiponectin modulates memory and cognitive impairment and contributes to the deregulated glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we aim to summarize recent studies that suggest the potential correlation between adiponectin and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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