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Zeng C, Liu J, Zheng X, Hu X, He Y. Prostaglandin and prostaglandin receptors: present and future promising therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res 2023; 24:263. [PMID: 37915044 PMCID: PMC10619262 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a type of pulmonary vascular disease characterized by abnormal contraction and remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, manifested by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increased pulmonary arterial pressure, eventually leading to right heart failure or even death. The mechanisms involved in this process include inflammation, vascular matrix remodeling, endothelial cell apoptosis and proliferation, vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy. In this study, we review the mechanisms of action of prostaglandins and their receptors in PAH. MAIN BODY PAH-targeted therapies, such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, activators of soluble guanylate cyclase, prostacyclin, and prostacyclin analogs, improve PVR, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and the six-minute walk distance, cardiac output and exercise capacity and are licensed for patients with PAH; however, they have not been shown to reduce mortality. Current treatments for PAH primarily focus on inhibiting excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction, however, vascular remodeling is recalcitrant to currently available therapies. Lung transplantation remains the definitive treatment for patients with PAH. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel targets for improving pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. Studies have confirmed that prostaglandins and their receptors play important roles in the occurrence and development of PAH through vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSION Prostacyclin and related drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of PAH. Other prostaglandins also have the potential to treat PAH. This review provides ideas for the treatment of PAH and the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Stanger L, Holinstat M. Bioactive lipid regulation of platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108420. [PMID: 37100208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small, anucleate cells in the blood that play a crucial role in the hemostatic response but are also implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. It is widely appreciated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an integral role in the function and regulation of platelets. PUFAs are substrates for oxygenase enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). These enzymes generate oxidized lipids (oxylipins) that exhibit either pro- or anti-thrombotic effects. Although the effects of certain oxylipins, such as thromboxanes and prostaglandins, have been studied for decades, only one oxylipin has been therapeutically targeted to treat cardiovascular disease. In addition to the well-known oxylipins, newer oxylipins that demonstrate activity in the platelet have been discovered, further highlighting the expansive list of bioactive lipids that can be used to develop novel therapeutics. This review outlines the known oxylipins, their activity in the platelet, and current therapeutics that target oxylipin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Stanger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123347. [PMID: 34943862 PMCID: PMC8699532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.
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Martens MD, Fernando AS, Gordon JW. A new trick for an old dog? Myocardial-specific roles for prostaglandins as mediators of ischemic injury and repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2169-H2184. [PMID: 33861147 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00872.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The small lipid-derived paracrine signaling molecules known as prostaglandins have been recognized for their ability to modulate many facets of cardiovascular physiology since their initial discovery more than 85 years ago. Although the role of prostaglandins in the vasculature has gained significant attention across time, a handful of historical studies have also directly implicated the cardiomyocyte in both prostaglandin synthesis and release. Recently, our understanding of how prostaglandin receptor modulation impacts and contributes to myocardial structure and function has gained attention while leaving most other components of myocardial prostaglandin metabolism and signaling unexplored. This mini-review highlights both the key historical studies that underpin modern prostaglandin research in the heart, while concurrently presenting the latest findings related to how prostaglandin metabolism and signaling impact myocardial injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Martens
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy S Fernando
- The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Norel X, Sugimoto Y, Ozen G, Abdelazeem H, Amgoud Y, Bouhadoun A, Bassiouni W, Goepp M, Mani S, Manikpurage HD, Senbel A, Longrois D, Heinemann A, Yao C, Clapp LH. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CIX. Differences and Similarities between Human and Rodent Prostaglandin E 2 Receptors (EP1-4) and Prostacyclin Receptor (IP): Specific Roles in Pathophysiologic Conditions. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:910-968. [PMID: 32962984 PMCID: PMC7509579 DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase activities. Among prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 are strongly involved in the regulation of homeostasis and main physiologic functions. In addition, the synthesis of these two prostaglandins is significantly increased during inflammation. PGI2 and PGE2 exert their biologic actions by binding to their respective receptors, namely prostacyclin receptor (IP) and prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1-4, which belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors. IP and EP1-4 receptors are widely distributed in the body and thus play various physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in studies using pharmacological approaches, genetically modified animals, and genome-wide association studies regarding the roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors in the immune, cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems. In particular, we highlight similarities and differences between human and rodents in terms of the specific roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors and their downstream signaling pathways, functions, and activities for each biologic system. We also highlight the potential novel therapeutic benefit of targeting IP and EP1-4 receptors in several diseases based on the scientific advances, animal models, and human studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this review, we present an update of the pathophysiologic role of the prostacyclin receptor, prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors when activated by the two main prostaglandins, namely prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2, produced during inflammatory conditions in human and rodents. In addition, this comparison of the published results in each tissue and/or pathology should facilitate the choice of the most appropriate model for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Norel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Heba Abdelazeem
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yasmine Amgoud
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amel Bouhadoun
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Marie Goepp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Salma Mani
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Hasanga D Manikpurage
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amira Senbel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Dan Longrois
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
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6
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Mizuno H, Kihara Y. Druggable Lipid GPCRs: Past, Present, and Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:223-258. [PMID: 32894513 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have seven transmembrane spanning domains and comprise the largest superfamily with ~800 receptors in humans. GPCRs are attractive targets for drug discovery because they transduce intracellular signaling in response to endogenous ligands via heterotrimeric G proteins or arrestins, resulting in a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological responses. The endogenous ligands for GPCRs are highly chemically diverse and include ions, biogenic amines, nucleotides, peptides, and lipids. In this review, we follow the KonMari method to better understand druggable lipid GPCRs. First, we have a comprehensive tidying up of lipid GPCRs including receptors for prostanoids, leukotrienes, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), lysophospholipids, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), cannabinoids, platelet-activating factor (PAF), free fatty acids (FFAs), and sterols. This tidying up consolidates 46 lipid GPCRs and declutters several perplexing lipid GPCRs. Then, we further tidy up the lipid GPCR-directed drugs from the literature and databases, which identified 24 clinical drugs targeting 16 unique lipid GPCRs available in the market and 44 drugs under evaluation in more than 100 clinical trials as of 2019. Finally, we introduce drug designs for GPCRs that spark joy, such as positive or negative allosteric modulators (PAM or NAM), biased agonism, functional antagonism like fingolimod, and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These strategic drug designs may increase the efficacy and specificity of drugs and reduce side effects. Technological advances will help to discover more endogenous lipid ligands from the vast number of remaining orphan GPCRs and will also lead to the development novel lipid GPCR drugs to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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7
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Therapeutic options for chronic kidney disease-associated pulmonary hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 29:497-507. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Zmajkovicova K, Menyhart K, Bauer Y, Studer R, Renault B, Schnoebelen M, Bolinger M, Nayler O, Gatfield J. The Antifibrotic Activity of Prostacyclin Receptor Agonism Is Mediated through Inhibition of YAP/TAZ. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:578-591. [PMID: 30537446 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0142oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a life-threatening progressive disease characterized by loss of alveolar epithelial cells, inflammation, and aberrant fibroblast activation. The two currently approved therapies do not halt or reverse tissue remodeling, and therefore novel disease-modifying mechanisms are needed. Our results describe YAP/TAZ inhibition through prostacyclin (IP) receptor activation as a novel mechanism that suppresses profibrotic (myo)fibroblast activity. We investigated the antifibrotic properties of the selective IP receptor agonist ACT-333679 using primary human lung fibroblasts. ACT-333679 prevented transforming growth factor β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and IL-6 and PAI-1 secretion, and exerted relaxant effects in cell contraction assays. ACT-333679 treatment also reverted an established myofibroblast phenotype. Unbiased analysis of ACT-333679-induced whole-genome expression changes in transforming growth factor β1-treated fibroblasts identified significant attenuation of genes regulated by YAP/TAZ, two transcriptional cofactors that are essential for fibrosis. We then demonstrated that ACT-333679, via elevation of cAMP, caused YAP/TAZ nuclear exclusion and subsequent suppression of YAP/TAZ-dependent profibrotic gene transcription. In summary, we offer a rationale for further exploring the potential of IP receptor agonists for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katalin Menyhart
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Yasmina Bauer
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Studer
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Berengere Renault
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schnoebelen
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Bolinger
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nayler
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - John Gatfield
- Drug Discovery Department, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland
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9
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Effects of Post-translational Modifications on Membrane Localization and Signaling of Prostanoid GPCR-G Protein Complexes and the Role of Hypoxia. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:509-526. [PMID: 31485700 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a pivotal role in the adaptive responses to cellular stresses such as hypoxia. In addition to influencing cellular gene expression profiles, hypoxic microenvironments can perturb membrane protein localization, altering GPCR effector scaffolding and altering downstream signaling. Studies using proteomics approaches have revealed significant regulation of GPCR and G proteins by their state of post-translational modification. The aim of this review is to examine the effects of post-translational modifications on membrane localization and signaling of GPCR-G protein complexes, with an emphasis on vascular prostanoid receptors, and to highlight what is known about the effect of cellular hypoxia on these mechanisms. Understanding post-translational modifications of protein targets will help to define GPCR targets in treatment of disease, and to inform research into mechanisms of hypoxic cellular responses.
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10
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Gatfield J, Menyhart K, Wanner D, Gnerre C, Monnier L, Morrison K, Hess P, Iglarz M, Clozel M, Nayler O. Selexipag Active Metabolite ACT-333679 Displays Strong Anticontractile and Antiremodeling Effects but Low β-Arrestin Recruitment and Desensitization Potential. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:186-199. [PMID: 28476928 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.239665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor (IP receptor) agonists, which are indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), increase cytosolic cAMP levels and thereby inhibit pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Selexipag (Uptravi, 2-{4-[(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)(isopropyl)amino]butoxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide) is the first nonprostanoid IP receptor agonist, it is available orally and was recently approved for the treatment of PAH. In this study we show that the active metabolite of selexipag and the main contributor to clinical efficacy ACT-333679 (previously known as MRE-269) behaved as a full agonist in multiple PAH-relevant receptor-distal-or downstream-cellular assays with a maximal efficacy (Emax) comparable to that of the prototypic PGI2 analog iloprost. In PASMC, ACT-333679 potently induced cellular relaxation (EC50 4.3 nM) and inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 4.0 nM) as well as extracellular matrix synthesis (IC50 8.3 nM). In contrast, ACT-333679 displayed partial agonism in receptor-proximal-or upstream-cAMP accumulation assays (Emax 56%) when compared with iloprost and the PGI2 analogs beraprost and treprostinil (Emax ∼100%). Partial agonism of ACT-333679 also resulted in limited β-arrestin recruitment (Emax 40%) and lack of sustained IP receptor internalization, whereas all tested PGI2 analogs behaved as full agonists in these desensitization-related assays. In line with these in vitro findings, selexipag, but not treprostinil, displayed sustained efficacy in rat models of pulmonary and systemic hypertension. Thus, the partial agonism of ACT-333679 allows for full efficacy in amplified receptor-distal PAH-relevant readouts while causing limited activity in desensitization-related receptor-proximal readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gatfield
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Wanner
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Hess
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Marc Iglarz
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Nayler
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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11
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Lipid mediators as regulators of human ILC2 function in allergic diseases. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:36-42. [PMID: 27396531 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are specialized in type 2 immunity. ILC2 are activated early in immune responses and, despite their low abundance, are able to initiate and amplify allergic inflammation by orchestrating other type 2 immune cells. Based on recent discoveries, the spectrum of ILC2 regulating factors has been extended. It is now well established that not only epithelial cell-derived innate cytokines, but also bioactive lipids can regulate ILC2 activity and accumulation. Additionally, ILC2 appear to be susceptible to changes in the cytokine milieu and can acquire an ILC1-like phenotype due to a high degree of cellular plasticity. As ILC2 are fundamentally involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diseases, they represent a promising therapeutic target for allergic airway and skin diseases. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about ILC2 biology in the allergy context, with a particular focus on the emerging role of lipid mediators in regulating ILC2 function.
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12
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Zhou W, Toki S, Zhang J, Goleniewksa K, Newcomb DC, Cephus JY, Dulek DE, Bloodworth MH, Stier MT, Polosuhkin V, Gangula RD, Mallal SA, Broide DH, Peebles RS. Prostaglandin I2 Signaling and Inhibition of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:31-42. [PMID: 26378386 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1793oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) robustly produce IL-5 and IL-13, cytokines central to the asthma phenotype; however, the effect of prostaglandin (PG) I2 on ILC2 function is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of PGI2 on mouse and human ILC2 cytokine expression in vitro and the effect of endogenous PGI2 and the PGI2 analog cicaprost on lung ILC2s in vivo. METHODS Flow-sorted bone marrow ILC2s of wild-type (WT) and PGI2 receptor-deficient (IP(-/-)) mice were cultured with IL-33 and treated with the PGI2 analog cicaprost. WT and IP(-/-) mice were challenged intranasally with Alternaria alternata extract for 4 consecutive days to induce ILC2 responses, and these were quantified. Prior to A. alternata extract, challenged WT mice were treated with cicaprost. Human flow-sorted peripheral blood ILC2s were cultured with IL-33 and IL-2 and treated with the PGI2 analog cicaprost. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS We demonstrate that PGI2 inhibits IL-5 and IL-13 protein expression by IL-33-stimulated ILC2s purified from mouse bone marrow in a manner that was dependent on signaling through the PGI2 receptor IP. In a mouse model of 4 consecutive days of airway challenge with an extract of A. alternata, a fungal aeroallergen associated with severe asthma exacerbations, endogenous PGI2 signaling significantly inhibited lung IL-5 and IL-13 protein expression, and reduced the number of lung IL-5- and IL-13-expressing ILC2s, as well as the mean fluorescence intensity of IL-5 and IL-13 staining. In addition, exogenous administration of a PGI2 analog inhibited Alternaria extract-induced lung IL-5 and IL-13 protein expression, and reduced the number of lung IL-5- and IL-13-expressing ILC2s and the mean fluorescence intensity of IL-5 and IL-13 staining. Finally, a PGI2 analog inhibited IL-5 and IL-13 expression by human ILC2s that were stimulated with IL-2 and IL-33. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PGI2 may be a potential therapy to reduce the ILC2 response to protease-containing aeroallergens, such as Alternaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhou
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Shinji Toki
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jian Zhang
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kasia Goleniewksa
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jacqueline Y Cephus
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Daniel E Dulek
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Melissa H Bloodworth
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Matthew T Stier
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Vasiliy Polosuhkin
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rama D Gangula
- 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Simon A Mallal
- 3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - David H Broide
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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13
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Li Y, Wang Y, Ding X, Duan B, Li L, Wang X. Serum Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 Are Associated With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1402-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116641760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Bide Duan
- Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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14
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Baretella O, Vanhoutte P. Endothelium-Dependent Contractions. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:177-208. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Małysz-Cymborska I, Andronowska A. Ovarian stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin and equine chorionic gonadotropin affects prostacyclin and its receptor expression in the porcine oviduct. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 53:17-25. [PMID: 26069941 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are well-known mediators of crucial events in the female reproductive tract, eg, early embryo development and implantation. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is the most synthesized prostaglandin in the human oviduct during the postovulatory period, indicating its important role in supporting and regulating the oviductal environment. The present study was undertaken to determine the influence of insemination and ovarian stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on PGI2 synthesis in the porcine oviduct on day 3 post coitus. Mature gilts (n = 25) were assigned into 2 experiments. In experiment I, gilts were divided into cyclic (control; n = 5) and inseminated (control; n = 5) groups. In experiment II, there were 3 groups of animals: inseminated (n = 5), induced ovulation/inseminated (750 IU eCG, 500 IU hCG; n = 5), and superovulated/inseminated (1,500 IU eCG, 1,000 IU hCG; n = 5) gilts. Parts of oviducts (isthmus and ampulla) were collected 3 days after phosphate-buffered saline treatment (cyclic gilts of experiment I) or insemination (all other groups). Expression of messenger RNA for PGI2 synthase (PGIS) and its receptor (IP) was measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT PCR) and protein levels using Western blots. Concentrations of the PGI2 metabolite 6-keto PGF1α were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay and localization of PGIS and IP in the oviductal tissues using immunohistochemical staining. Insemination by itself increased PGIS protein levels in the oviductal isthmus (P < 0.05) and IP protein expression in the ampulla (P < 0.05). The concentration of 6-keto PGF1α increased significantly in the oviductal ampulla after insemination (P < 0.05). Induction of ovulation decreased IP protein levels in the oviductal ampulla (P < 0.05), whereas superovulation reduced IP levels in both parts of the oviduct (P < 0.01). Synthesis of 6-keto PGF1α was reduced by induction of ovulation and by superovulation in the oviductal ampulla (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of PGIS in the muscular layer of the isthmus and both mucosa and muscular layers of the ampulla. IP-positive cells were observed in both mucosal and muscular layers of the isthmus and ampulla. This study showed for the first time that PGI2 synthesis and IP expression are insemination dependent. Moreover, ovarian stimulation with hCG/eCG decreases IP expression and 6-keto PGF1α concentrations in porcine oviducts. Therefore, disturbances in PGI2/IP expression and synthesis may lead to disruption of the oviductal environment and, in turn, perturbed development of embryos and their transport to the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Małysz-Cymborska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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16
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Discovering anti-platelet drug combinations with an integrated model of activator-inhibitor relationships, activator-activator synergies and inhibitor-inhibitor synergies. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004119. [PMID: 25875950 PMCID: PMC4405222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective therapeutic drug combinations that modulate complex
signaling pathways in platelets is central to the advancement of effective
anti-thrombotic therapies. However, there is no systems model of the platelet
that predicts responses to different inhibitor combinations. We developed an
approach which goes beyond current inhibitor-inhibitor combination screening to
efficiently consider other signaling aspects that may give insights into the
behaviour of the platelet as a system. We investigated combinations of platelet
inhibitors and activators. We evaluated three distinct strands of information,
namely: activator-inhibitor combination screens (testing a panel of inhibitors
against a panel of activators); inhibitor-inhibitor synergy screens; and
activator-activator synergy screens. We demonstrated how these analyses may be
efficiently performed, both experimentally and computationally, to identify
particular combinations of most interest. Robust tests of activator-activator
synergy and of inhibitor-inhibitor synergy required combinations to show
significant excesses over the double doses of each component. Modeling
identified multiple effects of an inhibitor of the P2Y12 ADP receptor, and
complementarity between inhibitor-inhibitor synergy effects and
activator-inhibitor combination effects. This approach accelerates the mapping
of combination effects of compounds to develop combinations that may be
therapeutically beneficial. We integrated the three information sources into a
unified model that predicted the benefits of a triple drug combination targeting
ADP, thromboxane and thrombin signaling. Drugs are often used in combinations, but establishing the best combinations is a
considerable challenge for basic and clinical research. Anti-platelet therapies
reduce thrombosis and heart attacks by lowering the activation of platelet
cells. We wanted to find good drug combinations, but a full systems model of the
platelet is absent, so we had no good predictions of how particular combinations
might behave. Instead, we put together three sources of knowledge. The first
concerned what inhibitors act on what activators; the second concerned what
pairs of activators synergise together (having a bigger effect than expected);
and the third concerned what pairs of inhibitors synergise together. We
implemented an efficient experimental approach to collect this information from
experiments on platelets. We developed a statistical model that brought these
separate results together. This gave us insights into how platelet inhibitors
act. For example, an inhibitor of an ADP receptor showed multiple effects. We
also worked out from the model what further (triple) combinations of drugs may
be most efficient. We predicted, and then tested experimentally, the effects of
a triple drug combination. This simultaneously inhibited the platelet’s
responses to three stimulants that it encounters during coronary thrombosis,
namely ADP, thromboxane and thrombin.
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Abstract
In the mammalian kidney, prostaglandins (PGs) are important mediators of physiologic processes, including modulation of vascular tone and salt and water. PGs arise from enzymatic metabolism of free arachidonic acid (AA), which is cleaved from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 activity. The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system is a major pathway for metabolism of AA in the kidney. COX are the enzymes responsible for the initial conversion of AA to PGG2 and subsequently to PGH2, which serves as the precursor for subsequent metabolism by PG and thromboxane synthases. In addition to high levels of expression of the "constitutive" rate-limiting enzyme responsible for prostanoid production, COX-1, the "inducible" isoform of cyclooxygenase, COX-2, is also constitutively expressed in the kidney and is highly regulated in response to alterations in intravascular volume. PGs and thromboxane A2 exert their biological functions predominantly through activation of specific 7-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. COX metabolites have been shown to exert important physiologic functions in maintenance of renal blood flow, mediation of renin release and regulation of sodium excretion. In addition to physiologic regulation of prostanoid production in the kidney, increases in prostanoid production are also seen in a variety of inflammatory renal injuries, and COX metabolites may serve as mediators of inflammatory injury in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C Harris
- George M. O'Brien Kidney and Urologic Diseases Center and Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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18
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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19
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Liu W, Li H, Zhang X, Wen D, Yu F, Yang S, Jia X, Cong B, Ma C. Prostaglandin I2-IP signalling regulates human Th17 and Treg cell differentiation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:335-44. [PMID: 24035274 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) is an important immunoregulatory lipid mediator. In this study, we analysed the effects of the PGI2 analogue (Iloprost) on the differentiation of Th17 cells and Tregs from human naïve CD4(+) T cells. PGI2 receptors (IP) are expressed on human naïve CD4(+) T cells. Via IP binding, the PGI2 analogue decreased the proportion of Tregs and Foxp3 mRNA expression but increased the percentage of Th17 cells, RORC mRNA and IL-17A production. The regulatory effects of Iloprost correlated with elevated intracellular cAMP levels. The effects were mimicked by a cAMP agonist (db-cAMP) but attenuated by a protein kinase A inhibitor (H-89). STAT3 and STAT5 signalling play direct and crucial roles in the development of Th17 and Tregs, respectively. The PGI2 analogue enhanced the activation of STAT3 in response to IL-6, whereas it decreased STAT5 activation in response to IL-2. Moreover, db-cAMP imitated the above effects of Iloprost, which were weakened by H-89. These results demonstrate that the PGI2-IP interaction promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 and reduced the phosphorylation of STAT5, likely via the upregulation of cAMP-PKA signalling, thus facilitated Th17 differentiation and suppressed Treg differentiation. Together with previous results, these data suggest that prostanoids play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Bucladesine/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cyclic AMP/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
- Epoprostenol/metabolism
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Iloprost/pharmacology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/genetics
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
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20
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Liu X, Terry T, Pan S, Yang Z, Willerson JT, Dixon RAF, Liu Q. Targeted delivery of carbaprostacyclin to ischemic hindlimbs enhances adaptive remodeling of the microvascular network. Hypertension 2013; 61:1036-43. [PMID: 23529172 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostacyclin and its stable analogs play an important vascular protective role by promoting angiogenesis, but their role in arteriolar growth is unclear. Here, we examined the effect of prostacyclin stable analog carbaprostacyclin on arteriolar growth in mouse hindlimb ischemia. Using an osmotic-controlled release system to continuously deliver carbaprostacyclin or saline (control) to ischemic mouse hindlimbs for up to 14 days, we found that blood perfusion was significantly better at 7 and 14 days in carbaprostacyclin-treated mice than in saline-treated mice. Microscopic examination of the microvasculature showed more morphological signs of arteriolar formation in carbaprostacyclin- versus saline-treated legs. A double-blind, quantitative microcomputed tomography analysis indicated that carbaprostacyclin-treated legs had markedly increased vascular volume and small- to medium-sized vessel numbers that correspond to decreased vessel separation. A proteome profiler antibody array demonstrated that carbaprostacyclin-treated ischemic muscles secreted significantly higher amounts of acidic fibroblast growth factor and other chemokines. Conditioned media containing those secreted factors promoted smooth muscle cell growth and migration. Additionally, increased acidic fibroblast growth factor protein levels were detected in smooth muscle cells and skeletal myotubes at different time periods after carbaprostacyclin treatment. Furthermore, the selective peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor β/δ antagonist significantly suppressed carbaprostacyclin-induced acidic fibroblast growth factor protein production. Collectively, our data provide the first morphological and molecular evidence that local delivery of carbaprostacyclin promotes vascular growth in hindlimb ischemia, and that peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor β/δ signaling plays a critical role in inducing acidic fibroblast growth factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77225-0345, USA
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21
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, and complex inflammatory disease leading to bone and cartilage destruction, whose cause remains obscure. Accumulation of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and dysregulated immune responses are necessary for mounting this self-reacting disease. Inflamed joints are infiltrated by a heterogeneous population of cellular and soluble mediators of the immune system, such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, cytokines, and prostaglandins (PGs). Prostaglandins are lipid inflammatory mediators derived from the arachidonic acid by multienzymatic reactions. They both sustain homeostatic mechanisms and mediate pathogenic processes, including the inflammatory reaction. They play both beneficial and harmful roles during inflammation, according to their site of action and the etiology of the inflammatory response. With respect to the role of PGs in inflammation, they can be effective mediators in the pathophysiology of RA. Thus the use of agonists or antagonists of PG receptors may be considered as a new therapeutic protocol in RA. In this paper, we try to elucidate the role of PGs in the immunopathology of RA.
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22
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Osawa T, Ohga N, Hida Y, Kitayama K, Akiyama K, Onodera Y, Fujie M, Shinohara N, Shindoh M, Nonomura K, Hida K. Prostacyclin receptor in tumor endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis in an autocrine manner. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1038-44. [PMID: 22380928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules highly expressed in tumor endothelial cells (TEC) are important for specific targeting of these cells. Previously, using DNA microarray analysis, we found that the prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) gene was upregulated in TEC compared with normal endothelial cells (NEC). Although prostacyclin is implicated in re-endothelialization and angiogenesis, its role remains largely unknown in TEC. Moreover, the effect of the IP receptor on TEC has not been reported. In the present study we investigated the function of the IP receptor in TEC. The TEC were isolated from two types of human tumor xenografts in nude mice, while NEC were isolated from normal counterparts. Prostacyclin secretion levels in TEC were significantly higher than those in NEC, as shown using ELISA. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the IP receptor was upregulated in TEC compared with NEC. Furthermore, migration and tube formation of TEC were suppressed by the IP receptor antagonist RO1138452. Immunohistostaining showed that the IP receptor was specifically expressed in blood vessels of renal cell carcinoma specimens, but not in glomerular vessels of normal renal tissue. These findings suggest that the IP receptor is a TEC-specific marker and might be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Osawa
- Department of Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Capra V, Bäck M, Barbieri SS, Camera M, Tremoli E, Rovati GE. Eicosanoids and Their Drugs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on Atherosclerosis and Stroke. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:364-438. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Capra
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Cardiology and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino; I.R.C.C.S Milan Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino; I.R.C.C.S Milan Italy
| | - G. Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
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24
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in inflammation. Inflammatory cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), monocytes and macrophages express a large number of GPCRs for classic chemoattractants and chemokines. These receptors are critical to the migration of phagocytes and their accumulation at sites of inflammation, where these cells can exacerbate inflammation but also contribute to its resolution. Besides chemoattractant GPCRs, protease activated receptors (PARs) such as PAR1 are involved in the regulation of vascular endothelial permeability. Prostaglandin receptors play different roles in inflammatory cell activation, and can mediate both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Many GPCRs present in inflammatory cells also mediate transcription factor activation, resulting in the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory factors and, in some cases, molecules that suppress inflammation. An understanding of the signaling paradigms of GPCRs in inflammatory cells is likely to facilitate translational research and development of improved anti-inflammatory therapies.
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25
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Abstract
Potent, oxygenated lipid molecules called prostanoids regulate a wide variety of physiological responses and pathological processes. Prostanoids are produced by various cell types and act on target cells through specific G protein-coupled receptors. Although prostanoids have historically been considered acute inflammation mediators, studies using specific receptor knockout mice indicate that prostanoids, in fact, regulate various aspects of both innate and adaptive immunity. Each prostanoid, depending on which receptor it acts on, exerts specific effects on immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and T and B lymphocytes, often in concert with microbial ligands and cytokines, to affect the strength, quality, and duration of immune responses. Prostanoids are also relevant to immunopathology, from inflammation to autoimmunity and cancer. Here, we review the role of prostanoids in regulating immunity, their involvement in immunopathology, and areas of insight that may lead to new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Bousoula E, Kolovou V, Vasiliadis I, Karakosta A, Xanthos T, Johnson EO, Skandalakis P, Kolovou GD. CYP8A1 gene polymorphisms and left main coronary artery disease. Angiology 2011; 63:461-5. [PMID: 22072641 DOI: 10.1177/0003319711425230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left main (LM) disease is rare but the most hazardous phenotype of coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, early detection of participants at high risk of developing left main coronary heart disease (LM-CAD) is crucial. The aim of this study was to identify gene polymorphisms which could distinguish participants who are at high risk of developing LM-CAD. Such a candidate can be the prostaglandin I(2) or prostacyclin (PGI(2)) gene. METHODS The DNA of 254 participants (151 participants with angiographically documented LM-CAD and 103 healthy controls) was analyzed for the frequency of C1117A polymorphism in the gene coding CYP8A1. RESULTS The genotype distribution was different between the LM-CAD and the control group. Particularly, the CC genotype of CYP8A1 was commoner in the LM-CAD than in the healthy group (P < .001). Allele frequencies were also differently distributed between the 2 groups. C allele frequency was higher in LM-CAD group (P = .016). CONCLUSIONS The CC genotype of C1117A polymorphism is associated with higher risk of LM-CAD, which prospectively may have potential importance in screening high-risk populations. However, further investigations in larger populations are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Bousoula
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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28
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Myren M, Olesen J, Gupta S. Pharmacological and expression profile of the prostaglandin I(2) receptor in the rat craniovascular system. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 55:50-8. [PMID: 21749934 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the trigeminal nerve terminals around cerebral and meningeal arteries is thought to be an important patho-mechanism in migraine. Vasodilatation of the cranial arteries may also play a role in increasing nociception. Prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) is capable of inducing a headache in healthy volunteers, a response that is likely to be mediated by the prostaglandin I(2) receptor (IP). This study investigates the functional and molecular characteristics of the IP receptor in the rat craniovascular system. In the closed cranial window model, iloprost, an IP receptor agonist, dilated the rat middle meningeal artery (MMA) (E(max)=170%±16%; pED(50)=6.5±0.2) but not the rat cerebral artery (CA) in vivo. The specific antagonist of the IP receptor, CAY10441, significantly blocked the iloprost-induced response dose-dependently, with the highest dose attenuating iloprost (1μgkg(-1)) induced dilatations by 70% (p<0.05). CAY10441 did not have any effect on the prostaglandin E(2)-induced vasodilatory response, thus suggesting no interaction with EP(2) and EP(4) receptors. IP receptor mRNA transcripts and protein were present in meningeal as well as in cerebral rat vasculature, and localized the IP receptor protein to the smooth vasculature of the cranial arteries (MMA, MCA and basilar artery). Together, these results demonstrate that the IP receptor mediates the dilatory effect of PGI(2) in the cranial vasculature in rats. Antagonism of this receptor might be of therapeutic relevance in acute migraine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Myren
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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29
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Abstract
Understanding the role of ontogeny in the disposition and actions of medicines is the most fundamental prerequisite for safe and effective pharmacotherapeutics in the pediatric population. The maturational process represents a continuum of growth, differentiation, and development, which extends from the very small preterm newborn infant through childhood, adolescence, and to young adulthood. Developmental changes in physiology and, consequently, in pharmacology influence the efficacy, toxicity, and dosing regimen of medicines. Relevant periods of development are characterized by changes in body composition and proportion, developmental changes of physiology with pathophysiology, exposure to unique safety hazards, changes in drug disposition by major organs of metabolism and elimination, ontogeny of drug targets (e.g., enzymes, transporters, receptors, and channels), and environmental influences. These developmental components that result in critical windows of development of immature organ systems that may lead to permanent effects later in life interact in a complex, nonlinear fashion. The ontogeny of these physiologic processes provides the key to understanding the added dimension of development that defines the essential differences between children and adults. A basic understanding of the developmental dynamics in pediatric pharmacology is also essential to delineating the future directions and priority areas of pediatric drug research and development.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Body Composition/physiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
- Female
- Human Development/physiology
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn/physiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/drug therapy
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology
- Infant, Premature/physiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/drug therapy
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/physiopathology
- Male
- Pediatrics
- Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacological Phenomena/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannsjörg W Seyberth
- Klinik fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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30
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Stitham J, Arehart E, Elderon L, Gleim SR, Douville K, Kasza Z, Fetalvero K, MacKenzie T, Robb J, Martin KA, Hwa J. Comprehensive biochemical analysis of rare prostacyclin receptor variants: study of association of signaling with coronary artery obstruction. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:7060-9. [PMID: 21189259 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.124933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, pharmacogenetic studies are at an impasse as the low prevalence (<2%) of most variants hinder their pharmacogenetic analysis with population sizes often inadequate for sufficiently powered studies. Grouping rare mutations by functional phenotype rather than mutation site can potentially increase sample size. Using human population-based studies (n = 1,761) to search for dysfunctional human prostacyclin receptor (hIP) variants, we recently discovered 18 non-synonymous mutations, all with frequencies less than 2% in our study cohort. Eight of the 18 had defects in binding, activation, and/or protein stability/folding. Mutations (M113T, L104R, and R279C) in three highly conserved positions demonstrated severe misfolding manifested by impaired binding and activation of cell surface receptors. To assess for association with coronary artery disease, we performed a case-control study comparing coronary angiographic results from patients with reduced cAMP production arising from the non-synonymous mutations (n = 23) with patients with non-synonymous mutations that had no reduction in cAMP (n = 17). Major coronary artery obstruction was significantly increased in the dysfunctional mutation group in comparison with the silent mutations. We then compared the 23 dysfunctional receptor patients with 69 age- and risk factor-matched controls (1:3). This verified the significantly increased coronary disease in the non-synonymous dysfunctional variant cohort. This study demonstrates the potential utility of in vitro functional characterization in predicting clinical phenotypes and represents the most comprehensive characterization of human prostacyclin receptor genetic variants to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Stitham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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31
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Targeting of the prostacyclin specific IP1 receptor in lungs with molecular conjugates comprising prostaglandin I2 analogues. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2903-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Spargias K, Adreanides E, Demerouti E, Gkouziouta A, Manginas A, Pavlides G, Voudris V, Cokkinos DV. Iloprost prevents contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography or intervention. Circulation 2009; 120:1793-9. [PMID: 19841299 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.863159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy, which accounts for considerable morbidity and mortality, remains a vexing problem. Contrast-induced renal vasoconstriction is believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the prostacyclin analog iloprost in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing a coronary procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of iloprost in 208 patients with a serum creatinine concentration >or=1.4 mg/dL who underwent coronary angiography and/or intervention. Iloprost 1 ng kg(-1) min(-1) or placebo was administered intravenously beginning 30 to 90 minutes before and ending 4 hours after the procedure. Contrast-induced nephropathy was defined by an absolute increase in serum creatinine >or=0.5 mg/dL or a relative increase >or=25% measured 2 to 5 days after the procedure. Contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 23 of the 105 patients (22%) in the control group and in 8 of the 103 patients (8%) in the iloprost group (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.69; P=0.005). In the control group, the estimated glomerular filtration rate declined from 49.7+/-15.5 to 46.6+/-16.6 mL min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) (P=0.01). In the iloprost group, the estimated glomerular filtration rate increased marginally from 47.5+/-14.5 to 48.6+/-16.1 mL min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) (P=0.26). The mean absolute estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in the control group was greater than its change in the iloprost group (difference, 4.2 mL min(-1) 1.73 m(-2); 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 7.3; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic administration of iloprost may protect against contrast-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients undergoing a coronary procedure.
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34
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Martin KA, Gleim S, Elderon L, Fetalvero K, Hwa J. The human prostacyclin receptor from structure function to disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2009; 89:133-66. [PMID: 20374736 DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1173(09)89006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thirty years have passed since Vane and colleagues first described a substance, prostanoid X, from microsomal fractions (later called prostacyclin) that relaxed rather than contracted mesenteric arteries. The critical role of prostacyclin in many pathophysiological conditions, such as atherothrombosis, has only recently become appreciated (through receptor knockout mice studies, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition clinical trials, and the discovery of dysfunctional prostacyclin receptor genetic variants). Additionally, important roles in such diverse areas as pain and inflammation, and parturition are being uncovered. Prostacyclin-based therapies, currently used for pulmonary hypertension, are accordingly emerging as possible treatments for such diseases, fueling interests in structure function studies for the receptor and signal transduction pathways in native cells. The coming decade is likely to yield many further exciting advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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35
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Wienecke T, Olesen J, Ashina M. Prostaglandin I2 (epoprostenol) triggers migraine-like attacks in migraineurs. Cephalalgia 2009; 30:179-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostacyclin [prostaglandin I2 (PGI2)] activates and sensitizes meningeal sensory afferents. In healthy subjects PGI2 triggers headache in healthy subjects. However, the migraine-eliciting effect of PGI2 has not been systematically studied in patients with migraine. We hypothesized that intravenous infusion of the stable prostacyclin analogue epoprostenol would trigger migraine-like attacks in migraineurs. We infused 10 ng kg−1 min−1 PGI2 or placebo over 25 min in 12 migraineurs without aura in a controlled, double-blind, cross-over study and recorded headache intensity and associated symptons, velocity in the middle cerebral artery (VMCA) and diameter in the superficial temporal artery. In the period 0–14 h, 12 subjects reported headache on PGI2 day compared with three subjects on placebo day ( P = 0.004), and six subjects fulfilled the criteria for an experimentally induced migraine-like attack compared with two subjects on placebo ( P = 0.219). During infusion and post-infusion phases the AUC under the headache curve on PGI2 was significantly larger than on placebo ( P < 0.05). There was a significant VMCA decrease ( P = 0.015) and superficial temporal artery diameter increase ( P < 0.001) on PGI2 compared with placebo. In conclusion, PGI2 may trigger a migraine-like attack in migraine sufferers. We suggest sensitization of perivascular nociceptors and arterial dilation as the mode of action of PGI2-induced headache and migraine-like attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wienecke
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Olesen
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ashina
- Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Buczynski MW, Dumlao DS, Dennis EA. Thematic Review Series: Proteomics. An integrated omics analysis of eicosanoid biology. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1015-38. [PMID: 19244215 PMCID: PMC2681385 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r900004-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids have been implicated in a vast number of devastating inflammatory conditions, including arthritis, atherosclerosis, pain, and cancer. Currently, over a hundred different eicosanoids have been identified, with many having potent bioactive signaling capacity. These lipid metabolites are synthesized de novo by at least 50 unique enzymes, many of which have been cloned and characterized. Due to the extensive characterization of eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways, this field provides a unique framework for integrating genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics toward the investigation of disease pathology. To facilitate a concerted systems biology approach, this review outlines the proteins implicated in eicosanoid biosynthesis and signaling in human, mouse, and rat. Applications of the extensive genomic and lipidomic research to date illustrate the questions in eicosanoid signaling that could be uniquely addressed by a thorough analysis of the entire eicosanoid proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward A. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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37
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Fetalvero KM, Zhang P, Shyu M, Young BT, Hwa J, Young RC, Martin KA. Prostacyclin primes pregnant human myometrium for an enhanced contractile response in parturition. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:3966-79. [PMID: 19033666 DOI: 10.1172/jci33800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An incomplete understanding of the molecular events that regulate the myometrial transition from the quiescent pregnant state to the active contractile state during labor has hindered the development of improved therapies for preterm labor. During myometrial activation, proteins that prime the smooth muscle for contraction are upregulated, allowing maximal responsiveness to contractile agonists and thereby producing strong phasic contractions. Upregulation of one such protein, COX-2, generates PGs that induce contractions. Intriguingly, the predominant myometrial PG produced just prior to labor is prostacyclin (PGI2), a smooth muscle relaxant. However, here we have shown that activation of PGI2 receptor (IP) upregulated the expression of several contractile proteins and the gap junction protein connexin 43 through cAMP/PKA signaling in human myometrial tissue in organ and cell culture. Functionally, these IP-dependent changes in gene expression promoted an enhanced contractile response to oxytocin in pregnant human myometrial tissue strips, which was inhibited by the IP antagonist RO3244794. Furthermore, contractile protein induction was dependent on the concentration and time of exposure to the PGI2 analog iloprost and was blocked by both RO3244794 and PKA knockdown. We therefore propose that PGI2-mediated upregulation of contractile proteins and connexin 43 is a critical step in myometrial activation, allowing for a maximal contractile response. Our observations have important implications regarding activation of the myometrium prior to the onset of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Fetalvero
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
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38
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Wienecke T, Olesen J, Oturai PS, Ashina M. Prostacyclin (epoprostenol) induces headache in healthy subjects. Pain 2008; 139:106-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Wei G, Kibler KK, Koehler RC, Maruyama T, Narumiya S, Doré S. Prostacyclin receptor deletion aggravates hippocampal neuronal loss after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mouse. Neuroscience 2008; 156:1111-7. [PMID: 18790018 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient global cerebral ischemia causes delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region. It also induces an increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which generates several metabolites of arachidonic acid, known as prostanoids, including prostacyclin (PGI(2)). To determine the role of the PGI(2) receptor (IP) in post-ischemic delayed cell death, wild-type and IP knockout (IP(-/-)) C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 12-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion or sham surgery, followed by 7 days of reperfusion. In the sham-operated mice, no statistical difference in CA1 hippocampal neuronal density was observed between the wild-type (2836+/-18/mm(2)) and IP(-/-) (2793+/-43/mm(2)) mice. Interestingly, in animals subjected to ischemia, surviving neuronal density in wild-type mice decreased to 50.5+/-7.9% and that of IP(-/-) mice decreased to 23.0+/-4.5% of their respective sham-operated controls (P<0.05). The results establish a role for the IP receptor in protecting pyramidal hippocampal neurons after this global ischemic model and suggest that IP receptor agonists could be developed to prevent delayed pyramidal neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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40
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Bao HF, Liu L, Self J, Duke BJ, Ueno R, Eaton DC. A synthetic prostone activates apical chloride channels in A6 epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G234-51. [PMID: 18511742 PMCID: PMC2519861 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00366.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The bicyclic fatty acid lubiprostone (formerly known as SPI-0211) activates two types of anion channels in A6 cells. Both channel types are rarely, if ever, observed in untreated cells. The first channel type was activated at low concentrations of lubiprostone (<100 nM) in >80% of cell-attached patches and had a unit conductance of approximately 3-4 pS. The second channel type required higher concentrations (>100 nM) of lubiprostone to activate, was observed in approximately 30% of patches, and had a unit conductance of 8-9 pS. The properties of the first type of channel were consistent with ClC-2 and the second with CFTR. ClC-2's unit current strongly inwardly rectified that could be best fit by models of the channel with multiple energy barrier and multiple anion binding sites in the conductance pore. The open probability and mean open time of ClC-2 was voltage dependent, decreasing dramatically as the patches were depolarized. The order of anion selectivity for ClC-2 was Cl > Br > NO(3) > I > SCN, where SCN is thiocyanate. ClC-2 was a "double-barreled" channel favoring even numbers of levels over odd numbers as if the channel protein had two conductance pathways that opened independently of one another. The channel could be, at least, partially blocked by glibenclamide. The properties of the channel in A6 cells were indistinguishable from ClC-2 channels stably transfected in HEK293 cells. CFTR in the patches had a selectivity of Cl > Br >> NO(3) congruent with SCN congruent with I. It outwardly rectified as expected for a single-site anion channel. Because of its properties, ClC-2 is uniquely suitable to promote anion secretion with little anion reabsorption. CFTR, on the other hand, could promote either reabsorption or secretion depending on the anion driving forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang Bao
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics and The Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lian Liu
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics and The Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie Self
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics and The Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Billie Jeanne Duke
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics and The Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ryuji Ueno
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics and The Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas C. Eaton
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics and The Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
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41
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Yano T. [Etiology of iodinated radiocontrast nephrotoxicity and its attenuation by beraprost]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1023-9. [PMID: 18591870 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiocontrast nephropathy (RCN) is a major complication after radiographical examination with iodinated contrast media (CM). Although little is known about the mechanism of RCN, a direct toxic action on renal cells and/or decrease in renal blood flow are considered to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease/the condition, A large number of vasodilatory agents, including endothelin antagonists, adenosine antagonists, atrial natriuretic peptide, calcium channel blockers, dopamine, dopamine D1 receptor agonist fenoldopam, and prostaglandin E1 have been tried clinically to prevent RCN, however, most of them have failed. Although prophylactic effects of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine have recently been reported by several investigators, only hydration is a universally accepted protocol to prevent it. In our recent in vitro and in vivo study, we have elucidated that CM induced apoptosis of renal tubular cells through the reduction in Bcl-2 expression and the subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Moreover, we found that CM caused an increase in ceramide content in renal tubular cells, which leads to apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and the subsequent reduction in Bcl-2 expression. The inhibitor of ceramide synthase, fumonisin B1, reversed both the elevation of ceramide content and renal cell injury induced by CM. On the other hand, a prostacyclin analog beraprost prevented RCN in mice by the increase of endogenous cAMP and subsequent CREB phosphorylation resulted in enhancement of Bcl-2 expression. These findings suggest that ceramide synthesis inhibitor or beraprost is potentially useful for the prophylaxis of RCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Yano
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Lai YJ, Pullamsetti SS, Dony E, Weissmann N, Butrous G, Banat GA, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT. Role of the prostanoid EP4 receptor in iloprost-mediated vasodilatation in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:188-96. [PMID: 18467507 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200710-1519oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Iloprost is effective for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. It acts through elevation of cAMP by binding to the prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor). However, there is evidence that patients with severe pulmonary hypertension have decreased expression of the IP receptor in the remodeled pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that prostanoid receptors other than the IP receptor are involved in signal transduction by iloprost. METHODS Immunoblotting was used to detect the IP and prostanoid EP4 receptor in lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect these receptors in lung sections from rats treated with monocrotaline (MCT28d). Protein and mRNA were isolated from pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from control and MCT28d rats treated with AH6809 (an EP2 receptor antagonist) and AH23848 (an EP4 receptor antagonist) in combination with iloprost. Intracellular cAMP was also assessed in these tissues. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IP receptor expression was reduced in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patient lung samples and MCT28d rat lungs compared with the controls. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting of MCT28d rat PASMC extracts revealed scant expression of the IP receptor but stable expression of EP4 receptor, compared with controls. Iloprost-induced elevation in intracellular cAMP in PASMCs was dose-dependently reduced by AH23848, but not by AH6809. CONCLUSIONS Iloprost mediates vasodilatory functions via the EP4 receptor in the case of low IP receptor expression associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This is a previously unrecognized mechanism for iloprost, and illustrates that the EP4 receptor may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lai
- University of Giessen Lung Centre, Giessen, Germany
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43
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Arehart E, Stitham J, Asselbergs FW, Douville K, MacKenzie T, Fetalvero KM, Gleim S, Kasza Z, Rao Y, Martel L, Segel S, Robb J, Kaplan A, Simons M, Powell RJ, Moore JH, Rimm EB, Martin KA, Hwa J. Acceleration of cardiovascular disease by a dysfunctional prostacyclin receptor mutation: potential implications for cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. Circ Res 2008; 102:986-93. [PMID: 18323528 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.165936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent increased adverse cardiovascular events observed with selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition led to the withdrawal of rofecoxib (Vioxx) and valdecoxib (Bextra), but the mechanisms underlying these atherothrombotic events remain unclear. Prostacyclin is the major end product of cyclooxygenase-2 in vascular endothelium. Using a naturally occurring mutation in the prostacyclin receptor, we report for the first time that a deficiency in prostacyclin signaling through its G protein-coupled receptor contributes to atherothrombosis in human patients. We report that a prostacyclin receptor variant (R212C) is defective in adenylyl cyclase activation in both patient blood and in an in vitro COS-1 overexpression system. This promotes increased platelet aggregation, a hallmark of atherothrombosis. Our analysis of patients in 3 separate white cohorts reveals that this dysfunctional receptor is not likely an initiating factor in cardiovascular disease but that it accelerates the course of disease in those patients with the greatest risk factors. R212C was associated with cardiovascular disease only in the high cardiovascular risk cohort (n=980), with no association in the low-risk cohort (n=2293). In those at highest cardiovascular risk, both disease severity and adverse cardiovascular events were significantly increased with R212C when compared with age- and risk factor-matched normal allele patients. We conclude that for haploinsufficient mutants, such as the R212C, the enhanced atherothrombotic phenotype is likely dependent on the presence of existing atherosclerosis or injury (high risk factors), analogous to what has been observed in the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition studies or prostacyclin receptor knockout mice studies. Combining both biochemical and clinical approaches, we conclude that diminished prostacyclin receptor signaling may contribute, in part, to the underlying adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Arehart
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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44
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Gessler T, Seeger W, Schmehl T. Inhaled Prostanoids in the Therapy of Pulmonary Hypertension. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2008; 21:1-12. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2007.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gessler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmehl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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45
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Ni F, So SP, Cervantes V, Ruan KH. A profile of the residues in the second extracellular loop that are critical for ligand recognition of human prostacyclin receptor. FEBS J 2008; 275:128-37. [PMID: 18042246 PMCID: PMC3046732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The residues in the second extracellular loop (eLP2) of the prostanoid receptors, which are important for specific ligand recognition, were previously predicted in our earlier studies of the thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and recombinant protein approaches. To further test this hypothesis, another prostanoid receptor, the prostacyclin receptor (IP), which has opposite biological characteristics to that of TP, was used as a model for these studies. A set of recombinant human IPs with site-directed mutations at the nonconserved eLP2 residues were constructed using an Ala-scanning approach, and then expressed in HEK293 and COS-7 cells. The expression levels of the recombinant receptors were six-fold higher in HEK293 cells than in COS-7 cells. The residues important for ligand recognition and binding within the N-terminal segment (G159, Q162, and C165) and the C-terminal segment (L172, R173, M174, and P179) of IP eLP2 were identified by mutagenesis analyses. The molecular mechanisms for the specific ligand recognition of IP were further demonstrated by specific site-directed mutagenesis using different amino acid residues with unique chemical properties for the key residues Q162, L172, R173, and M174. A comparison with the corresponding functional residues identified in TP eLP2 revealed that three (Q162, R173, and M174) of the four residues are nonconserved, and these are proposed to be involved in specific ligand recognition. We discuss the importance of G159 and P179 in ligand recognition through configuration of the loop conformation is discussed. These studies have further indicated that characterization of the residues in the eLP2 regions for all eight prostanoid receptors could be an effective approach for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of the ligand selectivities of the G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ni
- The Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The Center for Experimental Therapeutics and PharmacoInformatics, University of Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
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46
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Mitchell JA, Ali F, Bailey L, Moreno L, Harrington LS. Role of nitric oxide and prostacyclin as vasoactive hormones released by the endothelium. Exp Physiol 2007; 93:141-7. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.038588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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Li W, Wu S, Hickey RW, Rose ME, Chen J, Graham SH. Neuronal Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity and Prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2, and PGF2α Exacerbate Hypoxic Neuronal Injury in Neuron-enriched Primary Culture. Neurochem Res 2007; 33:490-9. [PMID: 17763946 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. To determine whether COX-2 activity within the neuron itself exacerbates hypoxic neuronal injury, neuron-enriched cultures were subjected to anoxia. Treatment with COX-2 selective antagonists decreased cell death. Neurons cultured from homozygous COX-2 gene disrupted mice were resistant to hypoxia compared to those of heterozygotes. Infection of primary neurons with AAV expressing COX-2 exacerbated cell death compared to neurons infected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) control vector. Addition of PGE2, PGD2 or PGF2 alpha to the medium exacerbated injury, suggesting that the deleterious effects of COX-2 overexpression in hypoxia could be mediated by direct receptor mediated effects of prostaglandins. Overexpression of COX-2 did not increase expression of cyclin D1 or phosphoretinoblastoma protein (pRb), or cleavage of caspase 3 suggesting that this cell cycle mechanism does not mediate COX-2 toxicity in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Li
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center (00-GR-H), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Highland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15205, USA
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48
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Ohtsubo H, Ichiki T, Miyazaki R, Inanaga K, Imayama I, Hashiguchi Y, Sadoshima J, Sunagawa K. Inducible cAMP early repressor inhibits growth of vascular smooth muscle cell. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1549-55. [PMID: 17463330 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.145011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), a transcriptional repressor, in the vascular remodeling process has not been determined. We examined whether ICER affects growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that expression of ICER was increased in beraprost (a prostaglandin I2 analogue)-stimulated VSMCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The induction of ICER was inhibited by pretreatment with H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, suggesting that PKA mediates the induction of ICER expression. Beraprost suppressed platelet-derived growth factor-induced thymidine incorporation in VSMCs, which was reversed by transfection of short interfering RNA for ICER, not by scramble RNA. Overexpression of ICER by an adenovirus vector attenuated neointimal formation (intima/media ratio) by 50% compared with overexpression of LacZ. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling-positive cells was increased and the number of Ki-67-positive cells was decreased in ICER-transduced artery. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ICER induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of VSMCs, and plays a critical role in beraprost-mediated suppression of VSMC proliferation. ICER may be an important endogenous inhibitor of vascular proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epoprostenol/analogs & derivatives
- Epoprostenol/antagonists & inhibitors
- Epoprostenol/pharmacology
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/growth & development
- Probability
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ohtsubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, 812-8582 Fukuoka, Japan
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49
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Stitham J, Arehart EJ, Gleim S, Douville K, MacKenzie T, Hwa J. Arginine (CGC) codon targeting in the human prostacyclin receptor gene (PTGIR) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Gene 2007; 396:180-7. [PMID: 17481829 PMCID: PMC2016789 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The human prostacyclin receptor (hIP) has recently been recognized as an important seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor that plays critical roles in atheroprevention and cardioprotection. To date, four non-synonymous genetic variants have been identified, two of which occur at the same Arg amino acid position (R212H, R212C). This observation instigated further genetic screening for prostacyclin receptor variants on 1455 human genomic samples. A total of 31 distinct genetic variants were detected, with 6 (19%) involving Arg residues. Distinct differences in location and frequencies of genetic variants were noted between Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic and African Americans, with the most changes noted in the Asian cohort. From the sequencing results, three Arg-targeted changes at the same 212 position within the third cytoplasmic loop of the human prostacyclin (hIP) receptor were detected: 1) R212C (CGC-->TGC), 2) R212H (CGC-->CAC), and 3) R212R (CGC-->CGT). Three additional Arg codon variants (all exhibiting the same CGC to TGC change) were also detected, R77C, R215C, and R279C. Analysis (GPCR and SNP databases) of 200 other GPCRs, with recorded non-synonymous mutations, confirmed a high frequency of Arg-targeted missense mutations, particularly within the important cytoplasmic domain. Preferential nucleotide changes (at Arg codons), were observed involving cytosine (C) to thymine (T) (pyrimidine to pyrimidine), as well as guanine (G) to adenine (A) (purine to purine) (p<0.001, Pearson's goodness-of-fit test). Such targeting of Arg residues, leading to significant changes in coding amino acid size and/or charge, may have potentially-important structural and evolutionary implications on the hIP and GPCRs in general. In the case of the human prostacyclin receptor, such alterations may reduce the cardio-, vasculo-, and cytoprotective effects of prostacyclin.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arginine/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Codon/genetics
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Genome, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleotides
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Epoprostenol
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/chemistry
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Stitham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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50
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Zhou W, Hashimoto K, Goleniewska K, O'Neal JF, Ji S, Blackwell TS, Fitzgerald GA, Egan KM, Geraci MW, Peebles RS. Prostaglandin I2 analogs inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production and T cell stimulatory function of dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:702-10. [PMID: 17202330 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.2.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the PGI(2) receptor (IP) has been shown to inhibit inflammatory responses in mouse models of respiratory syncytial viral infection and OVA-induced allergic responses. However, little is known about the cell types that mediate the anti-inflammatory function of PGI(2.) In this study, we determined that PGI(2) analogs modulate dendritic cell (DC) cytokine production, maturation, and function. We report that PGI(2) analogs (iloprost, cicaprost, treprostinil) differentially modulate the response of murine bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) to LPS in an IP-dependent manner. The PGI(2) analogs decreased BMDC production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6) and chemokines (MIP-1alpha, MCP-1) and increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by BMDCs. The modulatory effect was associated with IP-dependent up-regulation of intracellular cAMP and down-regulation of NF-kappaB activity. Iloprost and cicaprost also suppressed LPS-induced expression of CD86, CD40, and MHC class II molecules by BMDCs and inhibited the ability of BMDCs to stimulate Ag-specific CD4 T cell proliferation and production of IL-5 and IL-13. These findings suggest that PGI(2) signaling through the IP may exert anti-inflammatory effects by acting on DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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