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Goyal A, Sikarwar O, Verma A, Solanki K, Agrawal N, Dubey N, Yadav HN. Unveiling myricetin's pharmacological potency: A comprehensive exploration of the molecular pathways with special focus on PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23739. [PMID: 38769721 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Myricetin can be found in the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Myrica rubra. Myricetin is a flavonoid that is present in many vegetables, fruits, and plants and is considered to have strong antioxidant properties as well as a wide range of therapeutic applications. Growing interest has been piqued by its classification as a polyphenolic molecule because of its potential therapeutic benefits in both the prevention and management of numerous medical conditions. To clarify myricetin's traditional medical uses, modern research has investigated various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antiviral, antidiabetic, immunomodulation, and antineurodegenerative effects. Myricetin shows promise as a nutritional flavonol that could be beneficial in the prevention and mitigation of prevalent health conditions like diabetes, cognitive decline, and various types of cancer in humans. The findings included in this study indicate that myricetin has a great deal of promise for application in the formulation of medicinal products and nutritional supplements since it affects several enzyme activities and alters inflammatory markers. However, comprehensive preclinical studies and research studies are necessary to lay the groundwork for assessing myricetin's possible effectiveness in treating these long-term ailments. This review summarizes both in vivo and in vitro studies investigating myricetin's possible interactions through the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) signaling pathways in an attempt to clarify the compound's possible clinical applicability across a range of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om Sikarwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kunal Solanki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neetu Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Harlokesh Narayan Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Zedet A, Kanga Y, Pudlo M, Senejoux F, Girard C. Arginase inhibitory activities of chemical constituents from Macaranga hurifolia Beille leaves. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37926916 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2275267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The methanolic extract of the leaves of Macaranga hurifolia Beille showed arginase inhibitory activity (40% at 100 µg/mL) and was then fractionated to obtain nine polyphenolic compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data, and by comparison with data previously reported in the literature, as gallic acid (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2), chlorogenic acid, (3), corilagin (4), cynaroside (5), cosmosiin (6), hyperoside (7) isoquercitrin (8) and guajaverin (9). These compounds have been evaluated as arginase inhibitors. Compounds 4, 7, 8 and 9 showed varying arginase inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 102 to 302 μM. All the isolated compounds were previously identified in this species but their activities on arginase are reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Zedet
- PEPITE, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Yao Kanga
- UFR Sciences Biologiques, Département de Biologie Végétale, Université PELEFORO GON COULIBALY, Korhogo, BP, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Corine Girard
- PEPITE, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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3
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Van Kiem P, Hai Ninh B, Huu Tai B, Xuan Nhiem N, Hai Yen P, Huy Hoang N, Thi Trang D, Thi Dung D, Van Tuyen N, Tuan Anh L. Undescribed Phenolic Glycosides from Syzygium attopeuense and Their Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301037. [PMID: 37529975 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed phenolic glycosides including three stilbene derivatives (1 and 3) and sodium salt of 3 (2), and a chalcone glycoside (4), together with thirteen known compounds (5-17) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium attopeuense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry. Their chemical structures were elucidated to be (Z)-gaylussacin (1), 6''-O-galloylgaylussacin sodium salt (2), 6''-O-galloylgaylussacin (3), 4'-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-glucopyranosyl]oxy-2'-hydroxy-6'-methoxydihydrochalcone (4), gaylussacin (5), pinosilvin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), myricetin-3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (7), myricetin-3-O-(3''-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (9), quercitrin (10), myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (12), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (13), myricetin-3-O-2''-O-galloyl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (14), (+)-gallocatechin (15), (-)-epigallocatechin (16), and 3,3',4'-trimethoxyellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17) by the analysis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra in comparison with the previously reported data. Compounds 1-3, 5, and 6 significant inhibition of NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 18.37±1.38 to 35.12±2.53 μM, compared to a positive control (dexamethasone) with an IC50 value of 15.37±1.42 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Hai Ninh
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hai Phong University of Medicine And Pharmacy, 72A Nguyen Binh Khiem, Ngo Quyen, 180000, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Trang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Dung
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10072, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Tuyen
- Institute of Chemistry, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Tuan Anh
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Ma S, Yang Z, Wu F, Ma J, Fan J, Dong X, Hu R, Feng G, Li D, Wang X, Nie G, Zhang X. R2R3-MYB gene family: Genome-wide identification provides insight to improve the content of proanthocyanidins in Trifolium repens. Gene 2022; 829:146523. [PMID: 35452706 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The R2R3-MYB family is one of largest transcription factor families in plants playing significant roles in regulating anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Proanthocyanidins are one of major objectives to improve the quality of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), which have a beneficial effect on ruminant to prevent the lethal pasture bloat. A total of 133 TrR2R3-MYB genes were identified and distributed on all 16 chromosomes based on the whole genome information of white clover. Also, by exploring the gene structure, motifs and duplication events of TrR2R3-MYBs, as well as the evolutionary relationship with TrR2R3-MYB genes of other species, 10 TrR2R3-MYB genes with the potential to regulate the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins biosynthesis were screened. These TrR2R3-MYB genes responded significantly to low temperature in white clover. In addition, they have different expression patterns in leaves, petioles and inflorescences of white clover. Importantly, TrMYB116 and TrMYB118 may positively regulate anthocyanin accumulation and low temperature response in white clover. TrMYB118 may also be associated with anthocyanin pigmentation pattern in Purple leaves. This study provides a basis for verifying the function of TrR2R3-MYB and breeding white clover cultivars with high proanthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhongfu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jieyu Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jinwan Fan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xintan Dong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ruchang Hu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Agraharam G, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Myricetin: a Multifunctional Flavonol in Biomedicine. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 8:48-61. [PMID: 35036292 PMCID: PMC8743163 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-021-00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVEIW The root cause of many diseases like CVD, cancer, and aging is free radicals which exert their effect by interfering with different metabolic pathways. The sources of free radicals can be exogenous, like UV rays from sunlight, and endogenous due to different metabolic by-products.In our body, there are defense mechanisms present, such as antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant molecules to combat these free radicals, but if there is an overload of these free radicals in our body, the defense system may not be sufficient to neutralize these free radicals. In such situations, we are exposed to a chronic low dose of oxidants creating oxidative stress, which is responsible for eliciting different diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Pubmed and Google Scholar are the search engines used to sort out relevant papers on myricetin and its role in combating many diseases. Myricetin is present in many fruits and vegetables and is a known antioxidant. It can elevate the antioxidant enzyme levels; reduces the lipid peroxidation; and is known to protect against cancer. In the case of myocardial dysfunction, myricetin has been shown to suppress the inflammatory cytokines and reduced the mortality rate. Myricetin has also been found to reduce platelet aggregation and control the viral infections by interfering in the DNA replication pathways. SUMMARY In this paper, we have briefly reviewed about the different type and site of free radicals and the role of myricetin in addressing the ROS and different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopikrishna Agraharam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103 Tamilnadu India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103 Tamilnadu India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103 Tamilnadu India
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Wang MM, Li YN, Ming WK, Wu PF, Yi P, Gong ZP, Hao XJ, Yuan CM. Bioassay-guided isolation of human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitory and antioxidant constituents from Laportea bulbifera: Inhibition interactions and molecular mechanism. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Alishir A, Kim KH. Antioxidant Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Ginkgo biloba Fruit and Identification of a New Phenylpropanoid Glycoside, Ginkgopanoside. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122702. [PMID: 34961174 PMCID: PMC8708797 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae), well-known as the oldest living plant species and often referred to as a "living fossil," is a famous medicinal plant that has been used in multiple countries to improve numerous illnesses, including anxiety, dementia, peripheral artery disease, and eye problems. We conducted a phytochemical exploration of G. biloba fruit, commonly consumed as a functional food as part of an ongoing natural product chemical research for the discovery of bioactive phytochemicals with novel structures. The natural product chemical analysis of the methanol extract of G. biloba fruit using column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography separation under the guidance of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based analysis identified six phenylpropanoid glycosides (1-6), including one new compound, ginkgopanoside (1). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data and LC/MS analysis, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was established by chemical reactions followed by the application of Snatzke's method. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities of the isolated compounds 1-6 and the aglycone 1a of 1 were evaluated, and we found that compounds 1-5 exhibited antioxidant activities with IC50 values in the range 32.75-48.20 μM, while the aglycone 1a exhibited greater radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 5.23 μM) comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 2.54 μM), a positive control, implying that the present of glucose may decrease the DPPH scavenging activity. These findings provide experimental information that the active phenylpropanoid glycosides could represent natural antioxidants for use in pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
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8
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Pilevneli AD, Ebada SS, Kaşkatepe B, Konuklugil B. Penicacids H-J, three new mycophenolic acid derivatives from the marine-derived fungus Rhizopus oryzae. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34938-34944. [PMID: 35494752 PMCID: PMC9043025 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of secondary metabolites in crude methanol extract of a solid rice medium of a marine-derived fungus, Rhizopus oryzae, has enriched the metabolic profile of this genus by affording three mycophenolic acid derivatives recognized as new fungal metabolites trivially named as penicacids H–J (1–3), along with two known naphtho-γ-pyrone dimers, asperpyrone A (4) and dianhydroaurasperone C (5). Structure elucidation of isolated compounds was unambiguously determined based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses together with comparing coupling constant and optical rotation values with those reported for related congeners in literature. All isolated compounds were assessed for their antibacterial activity against four different bacterial microorganisms and they revealed moderate to weak activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 62.5 to 250 μg mL−1. Penicacids H–J (1–3), three new natural MPA derivatives, were purified from a marine-derived fungus, Rhizopus oryzae, together with two known naphtho-γ-pyrone dimers, asperpyrone A (4) and dianhydroaurasperone C (5).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherif S Ebada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University 11566 Abbassia Cairo Egypt +20-2405-1107 +20-2405-1180.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Banu Kaşkatepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University 06560 Ankara Turkey
| | - Belma Konuklugil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University Söğütözü, 06510 Çankaya Ankara Turkey
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9
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Li Y, Chen H, Liu J, Luo XL, Xiao CJ, Jiang B. A new prenylated coumestan from the roots of Campylotropis hirtella. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2021; 23:789-795. [PMID: 32614662 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1779706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new prenylated coumestan, campylohirtin A (1), along with fifteen phenolic known compounds (2‒16) and four other known compounds (17‒20), was obtained from the 95% ethanol extract of roots of Campylotropis hirtella. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis (1 D and 2 D-NMR, MS, UV and IR). In vitro antimalarial activities of compounds 1-3, 5-14 and 16 were evaluated by β-hematin formation inhibition assay. Compared with the positive control chloroquine diphosphate, compounds 8, 11 and 16 exhibited strong antimalarial activity with the IC50 values of 69.9, 33.2 and 75.4 µM, respectively. Compounds 1-3, 5-7 and 12 showed moderate antimalarial activities with IC50 values ranging from 134.6 µM to 578.6 µM.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Chao-Jiang Xiao
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
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Imtiyaz Z, Lin YT, Liang FY, Chiou WF, Lee MH. Compounds Isolated from Wikstroemia taiwanensis Regulate Bone Remodeling by Modulating Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activities. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670254. [PMID: 34349644 PMCID: PMC8327267 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling, a dynamic process in which bone formation by osteoblast is preceded by bone resorption by osteoclast, is a vital physiological process for maintaining bone mass and strength, imbalances in which could precipitate osteoporosis. Due to the unilateral mechanism of the existing bone remodeling drugs, identifying compounds that could regulate the balance between osteoclast and osteoblast could improve the treatment of osteoporosis. Here, we show that compounds isolated from Wikstroemia taiwanensis modulate osteoclast and osteoblast activities. Specifically, astragalin (1) and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), besides increasing mineral deposition, increased alkaline phosphatase activity (137.2% for 1 and 115.8% for 2) and ESR-α expression (112.8% for 1 and 122.5% for 2) in primary human osteoblasts. In contrast, compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclasts by 40.8, 17.1, 25.9, and 14.5% and also decreased the number of TRAP-positive cells by 51.6, 26.8, 20.5, and 18.6%, respectively. Our findings, therefore, showed that compounds isolated from W. taiwanensis could increase osteoblast activity while simultaneously decreasing osteoclast activity, and hence, warrant further evaluation for development as anti-osteoporosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuha Imtiyaz
- PhD in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yi-Tzu Lin
- PhD in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Liang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fei Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsien Lee
- PhD in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Loza C, Verma S, Wolffram S, Susenbeth A, Blank R, Taube F, Loges R, Hasler M, Kluß C, Malisch CS. Assessing the Potential of Diverse Forage Mixtures to Reduce Enteric Methane Emissions In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041126. [PMID: 33920009 PMCID: PMC8071023 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane emissions from ruminants are a major contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, eight different forage species were combined in binary mixtures with Lolium perenne in increasing proportions, in vitro, to determine their methane reduction potential in ruminants. Species were sampled in two consecutive years where possible. The aims were: a) to determine if mixtures with specific forages, particularly those rich in plant specialized metabolites (PSM), can reduce methane emissions compared to ryegrass monocultures, b) to identify whether there is a linear-dose effect relationship in methane emissions from the legume or herb addition, and c) whether these effects are maintained across sampling years. Results showed that all dicot species studied, including the non-tannin-containing species, reduced methane production. The tannin-rich species, Sanguisorba minor and Lotus pedunculatus, showed the greatest methane reduction potential of up to 33%. Due to concomitant reductions in the forage digestibility, Cichorium intybus yielded the lowest methane emissions per digestible forage unit. Contrary to total gas production, methane production was less predictable, with a tendency for the lowest methane production being obtained with a 67.5% share of the legume or herb partner species. Thus, linear increments in the partner species share did not result in linear changes in methane concentration. The methane reduction potential differed across sampling years, but the species ranking in methane concentration was stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Loza
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.V.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (C.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Supriya Verma
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.V.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Siegfried Wolffram
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.W.); (A.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Andreas Susenbeth
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.W.); (A.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Ralf Blank
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.W.); (A.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Friedhelm Taube
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.V.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (C.S.M.)
- Grass Based Dairy Systems, Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University (WUR), 6705 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Loges
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.V.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Mario Hasler
- Department of Statistics, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Christof Kluß
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.V.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Carsten Stefan Malisch
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.V.); (F.T.); (R.L.); (C.K.); (C.S.M.)
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12
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Morris P, Carter EB, Hauck B, Lanot A, Theodorou MK, Allison G. Responses of Lotus corniculatus to environmental change 3: The sensitivity of phenolic accumulation to growth temperature and light intensity and effects on tissue digestibility. PLANTA 2021; 253:35. [PMID: 33459906 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth temperature and light intensity are major drivers of phenolic accumulation in Lotus corniculatus resulting in major changes in carbon partitioning which significantly affects tissue digestibility and forage quality. The response of plant growth, phenolic accumulation and tissue digestibility to light and temperature was determined in clonal plants of three genotypes of Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) cv Leo, with low, intermediate or high levels of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins). Plants were grown from 10 °C to 30 °C, or at light intensities from 20 to 500 µm m-2 s-1. Plants grown at 25 °C had the highest growth rate and highest digestibility, whereas the maximum tannin concentration was found in plants grown at 15 °C. Approximately linear increases in leaf flavonol glycoside levels were found with increasing growth temperature in the low tannin genotype. Tannin hydroxylation increased with increasing growth temperature but decreased with increasing light intensity. The major leaf flavonols were kaempferol glycosides of which kaempferol-3-glucoside and kaempferol-3,7-dirhamnoside were the major components. Increases in both tannin and total flavonol concentrations in leaves were linearly related to light intensity and were preceded by a specific increase in the transcript level of a non-legume type chalcone isomerase. Changes in growth temperature and light intensity, therefore, result in major changes in the partitioning of carbon into phenolics, which significantly affects tissue digestibility and nutritional quality with a high correlation between tannin concentration and leaf digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Morris
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK.
| | - Eunice B Carter
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, Wales, UK
| | - Barbara Hauck
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, Wales, UK
| | - Alexandra Lanot
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael K Theodorou
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Gordon Allison
- Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, Wales, UK
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Xie JY, Jin Q, Gao JM, Zong SC, Yan XT. Two new benzophenone glycosides from the aerial parts of Hypericum przewalskii. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:3520-3528. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1865955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghao Jin
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Chun Zong
- Division of Medical Clinic, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi-Tao Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Guided Isolation and Identification of Components from Mango Seed Kernel. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8858578. [PMID: 33456677 PMCID: PMC7785352 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8858578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of mango seed kernel exhibited different degrees of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Thus, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the petroleum ether fraction was conducted by GC-MS. Among identified components, four unsaturated fatty acids had never been reported in natural products before, together with 19 known components. In addition, 17 compounds were isolated and elucidated from other active fractions. Compounds 2, 9, 15, and 17 were isolated for the first time from Mangifera genus. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited prominent DPPH radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. In order to further explore their mechanism of α-glucosidase inhibition, their enzyme kinetics and in silico modeling experiments were performed. The results indicated that 1 inhibited α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive manner, whereas 2 acted in a competitive manner. In molecular docking, the stability of binding was enhanced by π-π T-shaped, π-alkyl, π-π stacked, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interactions. Thus, compounds 1 and 2 were determined to be new potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors for preventing food oxidation and enhancing hypoglycemic activity.
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15
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Ahmad S, Zeb A. Nephroprotective property of Trifolium repens leaf extract against paracetamol-induced kidney damage in mice. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:541. [PMID: 33240744 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol-induced toxicity is one of the major drawbacks in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The present study was performed to find out the impacts of phenolic compounds in the Trifolium repens (white clover) leaves (TR) against the paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. The extract was administered orally to mice in different doses (1, 2, and 3 mL having a dry mass of 11.0 mg/mL) along with paracetamol (300 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Kidney histology, serum renal function tests, serum electrolytes, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Paracetamol significantly affected kidney weight, renal profile biochemistry, serum electrolytes, reduced glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (as lipid peroxidation) in mice. The amount of total phenolic compounds identified in the extract was 8.89 mg/g, representing 80.8% of the extract. The simultaneous administration of the TR extract leads to the normalization of all those parameters, which were deviated due to paracetamol ingestion. Kidney histological examination showed that nephrotoxicity was induced due to paracetamol, while the extract rich in phenolic compounds acts as therapeutic agents. The administration of extract also normalized the reduced glutathione from 0.837 to 2.21 of the paracetamol and paracetamol with 3-mL extract, respectively. Lipid peroxidation in the kidney was significantly (p < 0.05) declined by the extract (0.435 µmol/g) as compared to PC (3.96 µmol/g). In conclusion, TR extract possesses active beneficial phenolic compounds with nephroprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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16
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Ahmad S, Zeb A. Phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties of Trifolium repens. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2020-0015/jbcpp-2020-0015.xml. [PMID: 32776902 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Trifolium repens belongs to the family Leguminosae and has been used for therapeutic purposes as traditional medicine. The plant is widely used as fodder and leafy vegetables for human uses. However, there is a lack of a detailed review of its phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical profile and biological properties of T. repens. The plant is used as antioxidants and cholinesterase inhibitors and for anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic, antirheumatic ache, and antimicrobial purposes. This review has summarized the available updated useful information about the different bioactive compounds such as simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, pterocarpans, cyanogenic glucosides, saponins, and condensed tannins present in T. repens. The pharmacological roles of these secondary metabolites present in T. repens have been presented. It has been revealed that T. repens contain important phytochemicals, which is the potential source of health-beneficial bioactive components for food and nutraceuticals industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
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17
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Characterization of antioxidant, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitors from the rhizomes of Potentilla anserina L. and their structure-activity relationship. Food Chem 2020; 336:127714. [PMID: 32828014 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Five new flavonoids (1-5), along with 25 known compounds, were isolated from the rhizomes of Potentilla anserina L. and their structures were identified using spectroscopic and chemical evidence. The extract, all fractions, and all isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities, and their structure-activity relationship was interpreted. The biflavanols and quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-2″-gallate (14) exhibited significant antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. In this study, anti-tyrosinase activity and its mechanism of active compounds (potenserin C (4), potenserin D (5), and quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-2″-gallate (14)) were explored by a combination of computational simulations and kinetic studies. Kinetic studies indicated that potenserin C (4) and quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-2″-gallate (14) inhibited tyrosinase in a competitive manner, whereas potenserin D (5) acted in a reversible noncompetitive manner. The molecular docking result indicated that the substitution of the glucose moiety with galloyl and the presence of 3', 4', 5'-OH in flavonoid aglycones played a crucial role for the tyrosinase inhibiting effect. Moreover, the presence of biflavanols increased the activity against tyrosinase because of strong hydrogen binding, π-alkyl binding, and electrostatic interaction. Thus, the presented experiments developed several new lead compounds that could act as antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors. Furthermore, biflavanols and quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-2″-gallate played important roles in the anti-browning activity during food processing.
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18
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Wilson RL, Bionaz M, MacAdam JW, Beauchemin KA, Naumann HD, Ates S. Milk production, nitrogen utilization, and methane emissions of dairy cows grazing grass, forb, and legume-based pastures. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa220. [PMID: 32674157 PMCID: PMC7455276 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving high animal productivity without degrading the environment is the primary target in pasture-based dairy farming. This study investigated the effects of changing the forage base in spring from grass-clover pastures to forb or legume-based pastures on milk yield, N utilization, and methane emissions of Jersey cows in Western Oregon. Twenty-seven mid-lactation dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three pasture treatments: grass-clover-based pasture composed of festulolium, tall fescue, orchardgrass, and white clover (Grass); forb-based pasture composed of chicory, plantain, and white clover (Forb); and legume-based pasture composed of red clover, bird's-foot trefoil, berseem clover, and balansa clover (Legume). Pastures were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates (i.e., blocks) with each replicate grazed by a group of three cows. Production and nutritive quality of the forages, animal performance, milk components, nitrogen partitioning, and methane emissions were measured. Feed quality and dry matter intake (DMI) of cows were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for Legume and Forb vs. Grass, with consequent greater milk and milk solids yields (P < 0.01). Cows grazing Forb also had more (P < 0.01) lactose and linoleic acid in milk compared with cows grazing the other pastures, and less (P = 0.04) somatic cell counts compared with Grass. Cows grazing Forb had substantially less (P < 0.01) N in urine, milk, and blood compared with cows grazing the other pastures, with not only a greater (P < 0.01) efficiency of N utilization for milk synthesis calculated using milk urea nitrogen but also a larger (P < 0.01) fecal N content, indicating a shift of N from urine to feces. Both Forb and Legume had a diuretic effect on cows, as indicated by the lower (P < 0.01) creatinine concentration in urine compared with Grass. Methane emissions tended to be less (P = 0.07) in cows grazed on Forb vs. the other pastures. The results indicate that Forb pasture can support animal performance, milk quality, and health comparable to Legume pasture; however, Forb pasture provides the additional benefit of reduced environmental impact of pasture-based dairy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi L Wilson
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jennifer W MacAdam
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Harley D Naumann
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Serkan Ates
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Roldan MB, Cousins G, Fraser K, Hancock KR, Collette V, Demmer J, Woodfield DR, Caradus JR, Jones C, Voisey CR. Elevation of Condensed Tannins in the Leaves of Ta-MYB14-1 White Clover ( Trifolium repens L.) Outcrossed with High Anthocyanin Lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2927-2939. [PMID: 31241924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) are highly desirable in forage as they sequester dietary protein and reduce bloat and methane emissions in ruminants. However, the widely used forage legume white clover (Trifolium repens) only produces CTs in flowers and trichomes and at levels too low to achieve therapeutic effects. Genetic transformation with transcription factor Ta-MYB14-1 from Trifolium arvense was effective in inducing CTs to 0.6% of leaf dry matter. CT synthesis has been elevated further by crossing the primary white clover transgenic line with wild type genotypes producing the related phenylpropanoids, anthocyanins. CT levels in leaves were highest under the anthocyanin leaf marks associated with the "red midrib" trait; however, there was no evidence for CT accumulation in leaf sections with the "red V" anthocyanin marking. Ta-MYB14-1 was stably inherited in two generations of crosses, and T2 progeny produced up to 3.6-fold higher CTs than the T0 parent. The profile of small CT oligomers such as dimers and trimers was consistent in T0, T1, T2, and BC2 progeny and consisted predominantly of prodelphinidins (PD), with lesser amounts of procyanidins (PC) and mixed PC:PD oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greig Cousins
- PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kerry R Hancock
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Vern Collette
- Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jerome Demmer
- Halcyon Bioconsulting Ltd., Auckland 0571, New Zealand
| | | | - John R Caradus
- Grasslanz Technology Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chris Jones
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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Chen YH, Chen P, Wang Y, Yang CH, Wu X, Wu CJ, Luo L, Wang Q, Niu C, Yao JY. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation of chemical constituents in the extract of Trifolium repens L. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12981. [PMID: 31489654 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical constituents in Trifolium repens L. were comprehensively studied by UPLC in this work, and a total number of 308 compounds were detected with 169 ones identified. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed and fragmentation rules were summarized. On the basis of the concluded strategies, the characterized compounds could be classified into organic acids and their derivatives, alkaloids, amino acids, peptides, flavonoids, oligosaccharides, coumarins, and other types of compounds. This approach provided a rapid way for the identification of constituents in T. repens L., and even in other complex analytes. Among the separation and identification of the constituents, three compounds of great amount were isolated and characterized by NMR. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was suppressed by the pretreatment with three isolated constituents. The results implied they may potentially serve as a remedy for the therapy of inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This work provided a rapid method for the identification of the complex analyte, which could be used in TCM, natural food and so on. The summarized fragmentation rule could be applied for the analysis of several types of compounds, such as organic acids and their derivatives, alkaloids, amino acids and peptides, flavonoids, oligosaccharides, coumarins, and so on. Most of natural plants contain these kinds of compounds, so these rules could have wide applications. Except the phytochemical investigation, T. repens L. displayed anti-inflammation activity according to the reported literature, and the three isolated constituents may potentially serve as a remedy for the therapy of inflammation referring to the result of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Husan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,College of Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pinghong Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ching-Hsu Yang
- Fineboon Dairy Nutrition Institute, Shaanxi Dairy Co., Ltd., Xianyang, China
| | - Xiuna Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Changlin Niu
- Fineboon Dairy Nutrition Institute, Shaanxi Dairy Co., Ltd., Xianyang, China
| | - Jeng-Yuan Yao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Products and Cell Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
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21
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Chang SW, Du YE, Qi Y, Lee JS, Goo N, Koo BK, Bae HJ, Ryu JH, Jang DS. New Depsides and Neuroactive Phenolic Glucosides from the Flower Buds of Rugosa Rose ( Rosa rugosa). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7289-7296. [PMID: 31244195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The flower buds of Rosa rugosa Thunb. have been commonly used as a source of rose oil and as an ingredient in tea in eastern Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Repeated chromatography of a hot water extract from the flower buds of R. rugosa led to the isolation and characterization of three new depside glucosides, rosarugosides A-C (1-3), along with three phenolic compounds, one ionone glucoside, four flavonoids, and two tannins having known chemical structures. Linarionoside A and 2-phenylethyl-(6- O-galloyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside were isolated from R. rugosa for the first time in this study. The structures of the new compounds 1-3 were elucidated by interpreting one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Among the isolates, a new depside glucoside (1) and two major phenolic glucosides (4 and 5) improved MK-801-induced sensorimotor gating deficits, which were measured via an acoustic startle response test in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Woo Chang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Du
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yutong Qi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Goo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
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Ahmad S, Zeb A. Effects of phenolic compounds from aqueous extract of Trifolium repens against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12963. [PMID: 31489655 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of Trifolium repens (TR) leaves was analyzed for the phenolic profile using reversed phase HPLC-DAD and administered to mice against acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. Twenty-four phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. The highest amounts present were of kaempferol-3-(caffeoyldiglucoside)-7-glucoside (983.7 µg/ml), followed by p-coumaroyl-4-glucoside (905.6 µg/ml) and daidzein-O-sulfate (808.3 µg/ml). The aqueous extract was administered to mice along with acetaminophen at different doses. Acetaminophen was found to significantly alter body weight, serum biochemistry, and hematological indices of mice, which were ameliorated by the co-administration of aqueous extract. Liver histopathological studies revealed that acetaminophen significantly induced toxicity, while TR aqueous extract provides curative functions. Lipid peroxidation and total reduced glutathione in the liver were also normalized by the aqueous extract of TR. The aqueous extract of TR was rich in important phenolic compounds, which can be used as a source of beneficial bioactive compounds with hepato-protective function. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Acetaminophen has been widely used as antipyretic and analgesic. However, the major complication reported is hepatotoxicity. Synthetic or conventional drugs used for hepatic diseases or against hepatotoxicity are insufficient and causes severe side effects. For this purpose, traditional medicinal plants or nutraceuticals are used to decrease in the side effects of different hepatotoxic medicine are demanding. Food and neutraceuticals are rich in important polyphenolic compounds which are the best antioxidants. This study was aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition of aqueous extract of Trifolium repens and its potential protective action against the acetaminophen-induced toxicity in mice. This study showed for the first time that the aqueous extract of TR was protective against the hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ahmad
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
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Orejola J, Luz MA, Matsuo Y, Saito Y, Morita K, Tanaka T. Characterization and cytotoxicity of ellagitannins from Stachyurus praecox fruit. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Antiproliferative Activity of (-)-Rabdosiin Isolated from Ocimum sanctum L. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6010037. [PMID: 30870993 PMCID: PMC6473744 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:Ocimum sanctum L. (holy basil; Tulsi in Hindi) is an important medicinal plant, traditionally used in India. Methods: The phytochemical study of the nonpolar (dichloromethane 100%) and polar (methanol:water; 7:3) extracts yielded fourteen compounds. Compounds 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, and 13, along with the methanol:water extract were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines MCF-7, SKBR3, and HCT-116, and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results: Five terpenoids, namely, ursolic acid (1), oleanolic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), stigmasterol (4), and β-caryophyllene oxide (5); two lignans, i.e., (-)-rabdosiin (6) and shimobashiric acid C (7); three flavonoids, luteolin (8), its 7-O-β-D-glucuronide (9), apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide (10); and four phenolics, (E)-p-coumaroyl 4-O-β-D-glucoside (11), 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid (12), protocatechuic acid (13), and vanillic acid (14) were isolated. Compound 6 was the most cytotoxic against the human cancer lines assessed and showed very low cytotoxicity against PBMCs. Conclusions: Based on these results, the structure of compound 6 shows some promise as a selective anticancer drug scaffold.
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Tava A, Pecio Ł, Lo Scalzo R, Stochmal A, Pecetti L. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Trifolium Germplasm from Different Environments. Molecules 2019; 24:E298. [PMID: 30650606 PMCID: PMC6359428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are important mediators in plant-environment interactions. The presence and concentration of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity were evaluated in leaves and flowers of a set of Trifolium species originating from contrasting environments encompassing lowland and mountain sites. The current germplasm proved a great reservoir of phenolic compounds, with different chemical structure and, possibly, diversified biological activity. Germplasm groups with specific phenolic composition were observed. In some cases, different patterns bore a taxonomic meaning. Lowland germplasm showed higher concentration of total phenolics in leaves than mountain accessions (50.30 vs. 34.19 mg/g dry matter (DM)), while the latter had higher concentration in flowers (114.16 vs. 57.44 mg/g DM). Outstanding concentration of isoflavones was observed in leaves of lowland germplasm (24.19 mg/g DM), and of both proanthocyanidins and flavonoids in flowers of mountain germplasm (53.81 and 56.62 mg/g DM, respectively). The pattern of phenolic composition in lowland and mountain germplasm was suggestive of different adaptive strategies. Three assays of antioxidant activity were tested, which were characterised by rather different reactivity towards phenolic composition. The scavenging activity was higher for leaf extracts of lowland germplasm, and for flower extracts of mountain germplasm. Besides identifying germplasm of interest, this study also suggested possible links between environmental factors and concentration and composition of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Luciano Pecetti
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
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Meng XH, Zhu HT, Yan H, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. C-8 N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-Substituted Flavan-3-ols from the Leaves of Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7150-7155. [PMID: 29889511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba, one variety of the genus Camellia sect. Thea (Theaceae), has been used for producing green tea mainly by the local people of its growing areas of Guangxi province, China. Forty compounds, including eight C-8 N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols (1-8) and their substituted unit N-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone (9), four flavan-3-ol monomers (10-13) and one dimer (14), nine flavonoids (15-23), three hydrolyzable tannins (24-26), two lignans (27-28), 11 simple phenolics (29-39), and caffeine (40), were first isolated and identified from the leaves. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature data and authentic samples. Both 1 and 4 were obtained as a mixture of the N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone C-5 enantiomers (1a and 1b and 4a and 4b), respectively, while the resolution of another three pairs of enantiomers (2 and 3, 5 and 6, and 7 and 8) was achieved. Among them, 1b is a new compound whose NMR data together with its enantiomer (1a) were reported for the first time, while 2 and 3 are two new natural products. Most of the isolates exhibited significant antioxidant activities, stronger than ascorbic acid and trolox, while parts of the isolates, particularly C-8 N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols, showed obvious inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The results indicated that C. sinensis var. pubilimba is a valuable plant resource for tea production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Meng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
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Tomou EM, Skaltsa H. Phytochemical Investigation of the Fern Asplenium ceterach (Aspleniaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fern Asplenium ceterach L. (syn. Ceterach officinarum Willd.) is used in local traditional medicine against kidney stones, gallstones, to facilitate diuresis and to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. The aim of this study was first to investigate the chemical composition of this fern and then to study the chemical profile of the herbal preparations used in local medicine due to its diuretic properties. In total, nine secondary metabolites from the methanol extract of the aerial parts have been isolated; three flavonoids, namely kaempherol-3- O- β-D-gentiobioside (1), quercetin-3- O- β-D-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3- O- β-D-gentiobioside (3), three phenolic acids, i.e. caffeic acid (4), chlorogenic acid (5) and p-coumaroyl-4- O- β-D-glucoside (6), as well as three phenols, 4-vinyl-phenol-1- O- β-D-glucopyranoside (7), 3-(1- O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid (8), and 4- β- O-D-glucosyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (9). Moreover, the cyclohexane residue has been submitted to GC-MS and NMR analyses and revealed the presence of ethyl esters of palmitic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Finally, based on NMR, TLC and HPLC analyses, it was evident that the chemical fingerprints of all herbal preparations were quite similar, with chlorogenic acid being the main compound and caffeic acid present only in traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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Syed AS, Jeon JS, Kim CY. A new diacetylated flavonol triglycoside from the aerial parts of Actinidia polygama. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:1501-1508. [PMID: 28114836 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1278592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of a methanolic extract of aerial parts Actinidia polygama Miq. led to the isolation of one new diacetylated flavonol triglycoside, kaempferol 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-(2-Oacetyl)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside] (1) along with 12 known compounds (2-13). The chemical structures were determined using their spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13 are isolated from this plant. All purified compounds were tested for free radical scavenging effect using DPPH and ABTS assays. Our results showed that compounds 4, 6, 7 and 13 have potential antioxidative effect for scavenging both DPPH· and ABTS·+ radicals that are comparable with those of ascorbic acid used as positive control, whereas compounds 1 and 2, which are di- and mono- acetylated flavonol triglycoside respectively, were not found to be potent scavengers of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shah Syed
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
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Crestini C, Lange H, Bianchetti G. Detailed Chemical Composition of Condensed Tannins via Quantitative (31)P NMR and HSQC Analyses: Acacia catechu, Schinopsis balansae, and Acacia mearnsii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2287-95. [PMID: 27551744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of Acacia catechu, Schinopsis balansae, and Acacia mearnsii proanthocyanidins has been determined using a novel analytical approach that rests on the concerted use of quantitative (31)P NMR and two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. This approach has offered significant detailed information regarding the structure and purity of these complex and often elusive proanthocyanidins. More specifically, rings A, B, and C of their flavan-3-ol units show well-defined and resolved absorbance regions in both the quantitative (31)P NMR and HSQC spectra. By integrating each of these regions in the (31)P NMR spectra, it is possible to identify the oxygenation patterns of the flavan-3-ol units. At the same time it is possible to acquire a fingerprint of the proanthocyanidin sample and evaluate its purity via the HSQC information. This analytical approach is suitable for both the purified natural product proanthocyanidins and their commercial analogues. Overall, this effort demonstrates the power of the concerted use of these two NMR techniques for the structural elucidation of natural products containing labile hydroxy protons and a carbon framework that can be traced out via HSQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Crestini
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Heiko Lange
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bianchetti
- Procter & Gamble Service Company NV/SA , Temselaan 100, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
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Okumura K, Hosoya T, Kawarazaki K, Izawa N, Kumazawa S. Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Fava Bean Sprouts. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C1394-8. [PMID: 27155370 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fava beans are eaten all over the world and recently, marketing for their sprouts began in Japan. Fava bean sprouts contain more polyphenols and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) than the bean itself. Our antioxidant screening program has shown that fava bean sprouts also possess a higher antioxidant activity than other commercially available sprouts and mature beans. However, the individual constituents of fava bean sprouts are not entirely known. In the present study, we investigated the phenolic compounds of fava bean sprouts and their antioxidant activity. Air-dried fava bean sprouts were treated with 80% methanol and the extract was partitioned in water with chloroform and ethyl acetate. HPLC analysis had shown that the ethyl acetate-soluble parts contained phenolic compounds, separated by preparative HPLC to yield 5 compounds (1-5). Structural analysis using NMR and MS revealed that the compounds isolated were kaempferol glycosides. All isolated compounds had an α-rhamnose at the C-7 position with different sugars attached at the C-3 position. Compounds 1-5 had β-galactose, β-glucose, α-rhamnose, 6-acetyl-β-galactose and 6-acetyl-β-glucose, respectively, at the C-3 position. The amount of l-DOPA in fava bean sprouts was determined by the quantitative (1) H NMR technique. The l-DOPA content was 550.45 mg ± 11.34 /100 g of the raw sprouts. The antioxidant activities of compounds 2-5 and l-DOPA were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. l-DOPA showed high antioxidant activity, but the isolated kaempferol glycosides showed weak activity. Therefore, it can be suggested that l-DOPA contributed to the antioxidant activity of fava bean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koharu Okumura
- Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Univ. of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hosoya
- Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Univ. of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kai Kawarazaki
- Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Univ. of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.,Analysis Dept, Eco Pro Research Co. Ltd, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiko Izawa
- Analysis Dept, Eco Pro Research Co. Ltd, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Univ. of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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31
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Qin XJ, Lunga PK, Zhao YL, Liu YP, Luo XD. Chemical constituents of Solanum coagulans and their antimicrobial activities. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:308-312. [PMID: 27114320 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at determining the chemical constituents of Solanum coagulans and their antimicrobial activities. The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical methods, and comparison with reported spectroscopic data. One new phenolic glycoside, methyl salicylate 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with 12 known compounds (2-13), were isolated from the aerial parts of Solanum coagulans. Compound 1 was a new phenolic glycoside, and 2-6 were isolated from Solanum genus for the first time. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated. Compound 7 showed remarkable antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum and E. floccosum with MIC values being 3.13, 1.56 and 3.13 μg·mL(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Paul-Keilah Lunga
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé P. O. Box 812, Cameroon
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
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Ramsay A, Williams AR, Thamsborg SM, Mueller-Harvey I. Galloylated proanthocyanidins from shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) meal have potent anthelmintic activity against Ascaris suum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:146-153. [PMID: 26708339 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PA) from shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) meal were investigated by thiolytic degradation with benzyl mercaptan and the reaction products were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These PA were galloylated (≈40%), contained only B-type linkages and had a high proportion of prodelphinidins (>70%). The mean degree of polymerisation was 8 (i.e. average molecular size was 2384Da) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) was the major flavan-3-ol subunit in PA. Shea meal also proved to be a potentially valuable source for extracting free flavan-3-ol-O-gallates, especially EGCg (575mg/kg meal), which is known for its health and anti-parasitic benefits. Proanthocyanidins were isolated and tested for bioactivity against Ascaris suum, which is an important parasite of pigs. Migration and motility tests revealed that these PA have potent activity against this parasitic nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramsay
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, PO Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, UK.
| | - A R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - S M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - I Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, PO Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, UK
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Qi J, Shi RF, Yu JM, Li Y, Yuan ST, Yang JZ, Hu JM, Jia AQ. Chemical Constituents from Leaves of Camellia nitidissima and Their Potential Cytotoxicity on SGC7901 Cells. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Garro MF, Salinas Ibáñez AG, Vega AE, Arismendi Sosa AC, Pelzer L, Saad JR, Maria AO. Gastroprotective effects and antimicrobial activity of Lithraea molleoides and isolated compounds against Helicobacter pylori. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:469-474. [PMID: 26571088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in South America to treat various ailments, including diseases of the digestive system. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vivo antiulcer and antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori of L. molleoides and its isolated compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, (LmE 250 and LmE 500, respectively) and infusions, 10 g and 20 g en 100mL (LmI 10 and LmI 20, respectively) of L. molleoides was evaluated for antiulcer activity against 0.6N HCl, 0.2N NaOH, 200mg/kg acetilsalicilic acid and absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The degree of erosion in the glandular part of the stomach was assessed from a scoring system. Acute toxicity in mice was also evaluated. The antiulcer effect of the isolated compounds (catechol, mannitol, rutin, gallic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid, 100mg/kg) was evaluated against absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of L. molleoides and isolated compounds was performed using broth dilution methods. RESULTS The LmE 250, LmE 500, LmI 10 and LmI 20 produced significant inhibition on the ulcer index in 0.6N HCl, 0.2N NaOH, 200mg/kg acetilsalicilic acid and absolute ethanol- induced gastric ulcers in rats. The isolated compounds, catechol, mannitol, rutin, ferulic acid and caffeic acid were active in absolute ethanol- induced gastric ulcers in rats. L. molleoides and different compounds showed antimicrobial activity in all strains tested. The lowest MIC value (0. 5 μg/mL) was obtained with catechol in six of eleven strains assayed. No signs of toxicity were observed with doses up to 2g/kg in an acute toxicity assay. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that L. molleoides displays potential antiulcerogenic and antimicrobial activities and the identification of active principles could support the use of this plant for the treatment of digestive affections.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Filomena Garro
- Área de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Angel Gabriel Salinas Ibáñez
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Alba Edith Vega
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Andrea Celeste Arismendi Sosa
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Lilian Pelzer
- Área de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - José Roberto Saad
- Área de INTEQUI-Química Orgánica. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Olivia Maria
- Área de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, CP 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
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Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PA) in Senna alata leaves were investigated by thiolysis with benzyl mercaptan, LC-MS and NMR and consisted of almost pure propelargonidins with <6% procyanidins, had B-type linkages and a mean degree of polymerisation of three. Epiafzelechin was the major flavan-3-ol subunit (>94%) and epicatechin a minor constituent (6.4%) in residual PA and mainly detected as an extension unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Ramsay
- a Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , Reading , UK
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- a Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , Reading , UK
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Lai D, Pičmanová M, Abou Hachem M, Motawia MS, Olsen CE, Møller BL, Rook F, Takos AM. Lotus japonicus flowers are defended by a cyanogenic β-glucosidase with highly restricted expression to essential reproductive organs. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:21-34. [PMID: 26249044 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flowers and leaves of Lotus japonicus contain α-, β-, and γ-hydroxynitrile glucoside (HNG) defense compounds, which are bioactivated by β-glucosidase enzymes (BGDs). The α-HNGs are referred to as cyanogenic glucosides because their hydrolysis upon tissue disruption leads to release of toxic hydrogen cyanide gas, which can deter herbivore feeding. BGD2 and BGD4 are HNG metabolizing BGD enzymes expressed in leaves. Only BGD2 is able to hydrolyse the α-HNGs. Loss of function mutants of BGD2 are acyanogenic in leaves but fully retain cyanogenesis in flowers pointing to the existence of an alternative cyanogenic BGD in flowers. This enzyme, named BGD3, is identified and characterized in this study. Whereas all floral tissues contain α-HNGs, only those tissues in which BGD3 is expressed, the keel and the enclosed reproductive organs, are cyanogenic. Biochemical analysis, active site architecture molecular modelling, and the observation that L. japonicus accessions lacking cyanogenic flowers contain a non-functional BGD3 gene, all support the key role of BGD3 in floral cyanogenesis. The nectar of L. japonicus flowers was also found to contain HNGs and additionally their diglycosides. The observed specialisation in HNG based defence in L. japonicus flowers is discussed in the context of balancing the attraction of pollinators with the protection of reproductive structures against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lai
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Martina Pičmanová
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawia
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark.
| | - Fred Rook
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Adam M Takos
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- Evolva Copenhagen, Lersø Parkallé 42-44, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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37
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Chen JY, Xu YJ, Ge ZZ, Zhu W, Xu Z, Li CM. Structural elucidation and antioxidant activity evaluation of key phenolic compounds isolated from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seeds. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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38
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Aybek A, Zhou J, Malik A, Umar S, Xiao Z. Catechins and Proanthocyanidins from Seeds of Fraxinus americana. Chem Nat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-015-1346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Wu YP, Liang X, Liu XY, Zhong K, Gao B, Huang YN, Gao H. Cedrus deodara pine needle as a potential source of natural antioxidants: Bioactive constituents and antioxidant activities. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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40
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Wang Q, Wu R, Wu J, Dai N, Han N. A new alkaloid from Helianthemum ordosicum. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:314-316. [PMID: 25501342 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghu Wang
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
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41
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Zeller WE, Ramsay A, Ropiak HM, Fryganas C, Mueller-Harvey I, Brown RH, Drake C, Grabber JH. ¹H-¹³C HSQC NMR spectroscopy for estimating procyanidin/prodelphinidin and cis/trans-flavan-3-ol ratios of condensed tannin samples: correlation with thiolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1967-1973. [PMID: 25629428 DOI: 10.1021/jf504743b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies with a diverse array of 22 purified condensed tannin (CT) samples from nine plant species demonstrated that procyanidin/prodelphinidin (PC/PD) and cis/trans-flavan-3-ol ratios can be appraised by (1)H-(13)C HSQC NMR spectroscopy. The method was developed from samples containing 44-∼100% CT, PC/PD ratios ranging from 0/100 to 99/1, and cis/trans ratios ranging from 58/42 to 95/5 as determined by thiolysis with benzyl mercaptan. Integration of cross-peak contours of H/C-6' signals from PC and of H/C-2',6' signals from PD yielded nuclei-adjusted estimates that were highly correlated with PC/PD ratios obtained by thiolysis (R(2) = 0.99). cis/trans-Flavan-3-ol ratios, obtained by integration of the respective H/C-4 cross-peak contours, were also related to determinations made by thiolysis (R(2) = 0.89). Overall, (1)H-(13)C HSQC NMR spectroscopy appears to be a viable alternative to thiolysis for estimating PC/PD and cis/trans ratios of CT if precautions are taken to avoid integration of cross-peak contours of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne E Zeller
- U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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42
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Immunoregulatory and anti-HIV-1 enzyme activities of antioxidant components from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) rhizome. Biosci Rep 2015; 31:381-90. [PMID: 21114474 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, two antioxidant micromolecular components (L2f-2 and L2f-3) and an antioxidant macromolecular component LB2 were extracted from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) rhizomes. MS, FTIR (Fourier-transform IR) spectroscopy and NMR were used to identify these compounds. L2f-2 was (+/-)-gallocatechin, L2f-3 was (-)-catechin and LB2 was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 18.8 kDa. LB2 was identified as a polysaccharide sulfate containing α/β-pyranose and α-furanose according to its FTIR spectrogram. It was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio 2:8:7:8:1. The antioxidant components L2f-2, L2f-3 and LB2 strongly inhibited HIV-1 RT (reverse transcriptase) and IN (integrase). LB2 inhibited RT with an IC50 value of 33.7 μM. It also exhibited the highest HIV-1 3'-processing inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.28 μM. Both L2f-2 and L2f-3 up-regulated the expression of IL-2 (interleukin-2) and down-regulated IL-10, while LB2 exhibited positive regulation on IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, L2f-3 and LB2 might inhibit HIV-1 directly by down-regulating TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α). These natural antioxidant components with antiviral and immunoregulatory activities could be potentially important for anti HIV-1 drug development and application to HIV-1 therapy.
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Antioxidant Capacity and Proanthocyanidin Composition of the Bark of Metasequoia glyptostroboides. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:136203. [PMID: 24772177 PMCID: PMC3977084 DOI: 10.1155/2014/136203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng is the only living species in the genus Metasequoia Miki ex Hu et Cheng (Taxodiaceae), which is well known as a “living fossil” species. In the Chinese folk medicine, the leaves and bark of M. glyptostroboides are used as antimicrobic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drug for dermatic diseases. This study is the first to report the free radical scavenging capacity, antioxidant activity, and proanthocyanidin composition of the bark of M. glyptostroboides. We observed total of six extracts and fractions, which were easily obtained by water-ethanol extraction and followed by a further separation with D101 resin column chromatography, had significant DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, and metal ions chelating capacity. The fraction MGEB, which was obtained by 60% ethanol extraction and followed by a further separation with D101 resin column chromatograph, possessed the highest proanthocyanidin content and the highest free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MGEB could significantly protect against CCl4 induced acute liver injury through inhibition of oxidative stress in mice. In addition, ten proanthocyanidins were isolated from MGEB, and six of them were firstly reported from this plant.
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Kong NN, Fang ST, Liu Y, Wang JH, Yang CY, Xia CH. Flavonoids from the halophyteApocynum venetumand their antifouling activities against marine biofilm-derived bacteria. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:928-31. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.886205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Muzashvili T, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, Pecio L, Oleszek W, Stochmal A. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of cyanogenic glucosides in Trifolium species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1777-1782. [PMID: 24476020 DOI: 10.1021/jf4056659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyanogenic glucosides were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry in 88 Trifolium species grown at the same site. On the basis of the occurrence of cyanogenic glucosides and the linamarin/lotaustralin ratio species could be grouped into five clusters. Cluster C1 included 37 species, which did not contain cyanogens. Cluster C2 (22 species) included plants containing only lotaustralin. In clusters C3 (14 species), C4 (13 species), and C5 (2 species) both linamarin and lotaustralin were present but at different ratios. In C3 and C4 the linamarin/lotaustralin ratio was below 1, whereas in cluster C5 the ratio was much higher. Generally, the total content of cyanogens was below 500 μg/g dry matter. Only in Trifolium repens var. biasoletti and Trifolium montanum extremely high cyanogen concentrations were observed. There was no general rule of occurrence of cyanogens. Samples of the same species from different countries accumulated cyanogens or could be free of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Muzashvili
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute , Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Abdel-Hameed ESS, Bazaid SA, Salman MS. Characterization of the phytochemical constituents of Taif rose and its antioxidant and anticancer activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:345465. [PMID: 24282813 PMCID: PMC3825121 DOI: 10.1155/2013/345465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ward Taifi (Taif rose) is considered one of the most important economic products of Taif, Saudi Arabia. In this study both fresh and dry Taif rose were biologically and phytochemically investigated. The 80% methanol extracts and n-butanol fractions of dry and fresh Taif rose had high radical scavenging activity toward artificial 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)(•) radical with SC50 values range 5.86-12.24 µg/ml whereas the aqueous fractions showed weak activity. All samples had in vitro anticancer activity toward HepG2 with IC50 < 20 µg/ml which fall within the criteria of the American Cancer Institute. High positive correlation appeared between the antioxidant activity and total phenolics whereas there is no correlation between total phenolics and anticancer activity. The LC-ESI(- ve)-MS analysis of all extracts indicate the presence of phenolic compounds belonging to hydrolysable tannins and flavonol glycosides. In conclusion, the presence of this is considered to be the first phytochemical report that identifies the major compounds in dry and fresh roses using HPLC-ESI-MS. The methanol extracts and its n-butanol and aqueous fractions for both fresh and dry Taif rose could be used as preventive and therapeutic effective natural agents for diseases in which free radicals involved after more in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed S. Abdel-Hameed
- Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Taif-Alhaweih 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O. Box 30, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salih A. Bazaid
- Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Taif-Alhaweih 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood S. Salman
- Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Taif-Alhaweih 21974, Saudi Arabia
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Muhammad A, Haddad PS, Durst T, Arnason JT. Phytochemical constituents of Sarracenia purpurea L. (pitcher plant). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 94:238-242. [PMID: 23810285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
From the leaves of Sarracenia purpurea, collected in Mistissini, Quebec, Canada, four goodyerosides and three phenolics and nine known compounds, were isolated. The structures of the compounds were determined by mass spectrometry, including HRMS, and by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Muhammad
- Department of Biology, 20 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Hirayama C, Ono H, Meng Y, Shimada T, Daimon T. Flavonoids from the cocoon of Rondotia menciana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 94:108-112. [PMID: 23830693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two flavonol glycosides along with four known flavonoids were isolated from the cocoon of the mulberry white caterpillar, Rondotia menciana (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae: Bombycinae), a closely related species of the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori, both of which feed on leaves of mulberry (Morus alba). The two glycosides were characterized as quercetin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-galactopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-galactopyranoside, based on spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. The flavonol galactosides found in the cocoon were not present in the host plant, nor in the cocoon of the silkworm, B. mori. Notably, flavonol glucosides, which are the main constituents of cocoon flavonoids in B. mori mori, were not found in the R. menciana cocoon. The present result strongly suggests that R. menciana is quite unique in that they predominantly use an UDP-galactosyltransferase for conjugation of dietary flavonoids, whereas UDP-glucosyltransferases are generally used for conjugation of plant phenolics and xenobiotics in other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Hirayama
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8634, Japan.
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49
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Phytochemical study of Hicriopteris glauca. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Kicel A, Wolbiś M. Phenolic Content and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of the Flowers and Leaves of Trifolium repens. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to facilitate the quality control of Trifolium repens flowers and leaves, a RP-HPLC method with UV detection was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of flavonols and isoflavones. The total flavonoid and phenolic (TPC) contents were determined spectrophotometrically in a visible part of the light spectrum at 425 and 760 nm, respectively. Additionally, evaluation of the antioxidant properties of the plant materials was performed using the DPPH in vitro test. The results showed that the flowers are the richest source of phenolics ranging from 28.7 to 38.8 mg GAE/g, and flavonoids, calculated for hyperoside, up to 20 mg HP/g, which hydrolyzed mainly to flavonols (the quercetin level greater than 6 mg/g). T. repens is poor in isoflavones; similar quantities of ca. 0.2 mg/g were detected in the flowers and leaves. The flower and leaf extracts showed antioxidant activity towards DPPH with EC50 values ranging from 72.3 to 179.3 μg/mL. Significant linear correlations were found between antioxidant potentials of the studied plant materials and total phenolic and flavonoid contents determined by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods ( R2 in the range of 0.97 - 0.99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kicel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Wolbiś
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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