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Ba A, Diop GL, Ndiaye M, Dione M, Lo MM. First Report of the Emergence of Peste des Petits Ruminants Lineage IV Virus in Senegal. Viruses 2024; 16:305. [PMID: 38400080 PMCID: PMC10892897 DOI: 10.3390/v16020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease and one of the deadliest affecting wild goats, sheep, and small ruminants; however, goats are generally more sensitive. The causative agent is the Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV), which is a single-stranded RNA virus of negative polarity belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. In February 2020, an active outbreak of PPR was reported in a herd of a transhumant farmer in the village of Gainth Pathé (department of Kounguel, Kaffrine region, Senegal). Of the ten swabs collected from the goats, eight returned a positive result through a quantitative real-time PCR. The sample that yielded the strongest signal from the quantitative real-time PCR was further analyzed with a conventional PCR amplification and direct amplicon sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequence of the PPR virus obtained belonged to lineage IV. These results confirm those found in the countries bordering Senegal and reinforce the hypothesis of the importance of animal mobility between these neighboring countries in the control of PPRV. In perspective, following the discovery of this lineage IV in Senegal, a study on its dispersion is underway throughout the national territory. The results that will emerge from this study, associated with detailed data on animal movements and epidemiological data, will provide appropriate and effective information to improve PPR surveillance and control strategies with a view to its eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminata Ba
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (G.L.D.); (M.N.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Gaye Laye Diop
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (G.L.D.); (M.N.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Mbengué Ndiaye
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (G.L.D.); (M.N.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Michel Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Dakar 24265, Senegal;
| | - Modou Moustapha Lo
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (G.L.D.); (M.N.); (M.M.L.)
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Biguezoton AS, Ilboudo GS, Wieland B, Sawadogo RWY, Dah FF, Sidibe CAK, Zoungrana A, Okoth E, Dione M. Molecular Epidemiology of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus in West Africa: Is Lineage IV Replacing Lineage II in Burkina Faso? Viruses 2024; 16:244. [PMID: 38400020 PMCID: PMC10891519 DOI: 10.3390/v16020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the genetic lineages of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) currently circulating in Burkina Faso. As part of PPR surveillance in 2021 and 2022, suspected outbreaks in different regions were investigated. A risk map was produced to determine high-risk areas for PPR transmission. Based on alerts, samples were obtained from three regions and all sampled localities were confirmed to fall within PPR high risk areas. We collected swab samples from the eyes, mouth, and nose of sick goats. Some tissue samples were also collected from dead animals suspected to be infected by PPRV. In total, samples from 28 goats were analysed. Virus confirmation was performed with RT-PCR amplification targeting the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Partial N gene sequencing (350 bp) was carried out using the RT-PCR products of positives samples to characterise the circulating lineages. Eleven sequences, including ten new sequences, have been obtained. Our study identified the presence of the PPRV lineage IV in the three studied regions in Burkina Faso with a genetic heterogeneity recorded for the sequences analysed. Previously published data and results of this study suggest that PPRV lineage IV seems to be replacing lineage II in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel S. Biguezoton
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Unité de Recherche Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité (UMaVeB), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso
| | - Guy Sidwatta Ilboudo
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ouagadougou 01 BP 1496, Burkina Faso
| | - Barbara Wieland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), 3147 Mittelhausern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahinata W-Y. Sawadogo
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Unité de Recherche Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité (UMaVeB), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso
| | - Fairou F. Dah
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Unité de Recherche Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité (UMaVeB), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso
| | - Cheick A. K. Sidibe
- Service Diagnostic et Recherche, Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire (LCV), Bamako BP 2295, Mali
| | - Adrien Zoungrana
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Unité de Recherche Maladies à Vecteurs et Biodiversité (UMaVeB), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 454, Burkina Faso
| | - Edward Okoth
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Michel Dione
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Dakar BP 24265, Senegal
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Sahoo M, Thakor JC, Kumar P, Singh R, Kumar P, Singh K, Puvvala B, Kumar A, Gopinathan A, Palai S, Patra S, Tripathy JP, Acharya R, Sahoo NR, Behera P. AFB1 induced free radicals cause encephalopathy in goat kids via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis: pathological and immunohistochemical confirmation of non-hepatic neuroaflatoxicosis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:317-327. [PMID: 37684400 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins, particularly AFB1, are the most common feed contaminants worldwide, causing significant economic losses to the livestock sector. The current paper describes an outbreak of aflatoxicosis in a herd of 160 male young goat kids (3-4 months), of which 68 young kids succumbed over a period of 25 days after showing neurological signs of abnormal gait, progressive paralysis and head pressing. The haematobiochemical investigation showed reduced haemoglobin, leucocyte count, PCV level, increased levels of AST, ALT, glucose, BUN, creatinine and reduced level of total protein. Grossly, kids had pale mucous membranes, pale and swollen liver; right apical lobe consolidation, and petechiation of the synovial membrane of the hock joints. The microscopic changes were characterized by multifocal hemorrhages, status spongiosus/ vacuolation, vasculitis, focal to diffuse gliosis, satellitosis, and ischemic apoptotic neurons in different parts of the brain and spinal cord. These changes corresponded well with strong immunoreactivity for AFB1 in neurons, glia cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and ependymal cells) in various anatomical sites of the brain. The higher values of LPO and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, SOD, GSH) with strong immunoreactivity of 8-OHdG in the brain indicating high level of oxidative stress. Further, the higher immunosignaling of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain points towards the association with intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The toxicological analysis of feed samples detected high amounts of AFB1 (0.38ppm). These findings suggest that AFB1 in younger goat kids has more of neurotoxic effect mediated through caspase dependent intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India.
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - Jigarji Chaturji Thakor
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Karampal Singh
- ICAR-CADRAD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- ICAR- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Aswathy Gopinathan
- ICAR- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Santwana Palai
- ICAR- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jagannath Prasad Tripathy
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Ramakant Acharya
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Pratima Behera
- Animal Disease Research Institute, Phulnakhara, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Muritala I, Bemji MN, Ozoje MO, Ajayi OL, Oluwayinka EB, Sonibare AO, James IJ, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Comparative study of HA and HNB staining RT-LAMP assays for peste des petits ruminants virus detection in West African Dwarf goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:356. [PMID: 37821730 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) cause severe economic losses to many countries of the world where the disease is endemic. It has been targeted for global eradication by 2030 following the successful eradication of rinderpest in 2011. The proposed eradication program would benefit from efficient and relatively reliable diagnostic tools for early PPR virus (PPRV) detection. A total of 33 eight to 12 months old West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were used. Nineteen goats infected by commingling with two PPR virus-positive animals formed the infected group (PPRV-infected goats) while 14 non-infected goats formed the control group (CTG). The suitability of hydroxyl naphthol blue (HNB) staining of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and haemagglutination (HA) assays was compared for their sensitivity to detect the PPRV in PPRV-infected goats and non-infected CTG. PPR disease severity in WAD goats at different days post infection (dpi) was evaluated by clinical scoring and haemagglutination titre (HAT). HNB staining RT-LAMP reaction and HA showed sensitivities of 100% and 73.68%, respectively, for PPRV detection. Expression of PPR clinical signs began from 3 dpi, attained peak at 5 dpi, thereafter showed irregular patterns till 24 dpi. Evaluation of HAT in PPRV-infected goats at 12 dpi ranged from 2 to 64 haemagglutination units (HAU), while CTG goats had 0 HAU. In conclusion, HA could be a good tool for rapid diagnosis of PPRV in a developing country setting. However, HNB staining RT-LAMP assay demonstrated high sensitivity for accurate diagnoses of PPRV and as an important diagnostic tool when precise phenotyping is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila Muritala
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Martha N Bemji
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Michael O Ozoje
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola L Ajayi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Eniope B Oluwayinka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adekayode O Sonibare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu J James
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Nabi Khan RI, Praharaj MR, Malla WA, Hosamani N, Saxena S, Mishra B, Rajak KK, Dhanavelu M, Tiwari AK, Sajjanar B, Gandham RK, Mishra B. Changes in m 6A RNA methylation of goat lung following PPRV infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19358. [PMID: 37681172 PMCID: PMC10480600 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of goats and sheep, caused by the Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Earlier studies suggest the involvement of diverse regulatory mechanisms in PPRV infection. Methylation at N6 of Adenosine called m6A is a type RNA modification that influences various physiological and pathological phenomena. As the lung tissue represents the primary target organ of PPRV, the present study explored the m6A changes and their functional significance in PPRV disease pathogenesis. m6A-seq analysis revealed 1289 m6A peaks to be significantly altered in PPRV infected lung in comparison to normal lung, out of which 975 m6A peaks were hypomethylated and 314 peaks were hypermethylated. Importantly, hypomethylated genes were enriched in Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling and various processes associated with extracellular matrix organization. Further, of the 843 differentially m6A-containing cellular transcripts, 282 transcripts were also found to be differentially expressed. Functional analysis revealed that these 282 transcripts are significantly enriched in signaling by Interleukins, extracellular matrix organization, cytokine signaling in the immune system, signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, and Toll-like Receptor Cascades. We also found m6A reader HNRNPC and the core component of methyltransferase complex METTL14 to be highly upregulated than the m6A readers - HNRNPA2B1 and YTHDF1 at the transcriptome level. These findings suggest that alteration in the m6A landscape following PPRV is implicated in diverse processes including Interleukin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ishaq Nabi Khan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, 08854-8021, New Jersey, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Praharaj
- DBT- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
- DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Neelima Hosamani
- DBT- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
- ICAR – National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR – Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
- ICAR – National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - B.P. Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
- ICAR – National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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Couacy-Hymann E, Berete K, Odoom T, Zerbo LH, Mathurin KY, Kouakou VK, Doumbouya MI, Balde A, Ababio PT, Ouoba LB, Guigma D, Drobo ADT, Guitti M, Johnson SAM, Blavo DLM, Cattoli G, Lamien CE, Dundon WG. The Spread of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Lineage IV in West Africa. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071268. [PMID: 37048523 PMCID: PMC10093634 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the transboundary spread of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus is an essential part of the global efforts towards the eradication of PPR by 2030. There is growing evidence that Lineage IV is becoming the predominant viral lineage, replacing Lineage I and II in West Africa. As part of a regional investigation, samples collected in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea and Ghana were screened for the presence of PPRV. A segment of the nucleoprotein gene from positive samples was sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of Lineage II and IV in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Guinea, and the identification of Lineage IV in Ghana. These data will be of importance to local and regional authorities involved in the management of PPRV spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kouramoudou Berete
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Diagnostic (LCVD) de Guinée, Conakry 001, Guinea
| | - Theophilus Odoom
- Accra Veterinary Laboratory, Veterinary Services Directorate, Accra M161, Ghana
| | | | - Koffi Yao Mathurin
- Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Abidjan P.O. Box 1740, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Valère Kouame Kouakou
- Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Abidjan P.O. Box 1740, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Aminata Balde
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Diagnostic (LCVD) de Guinée, Conakry 001, Guinea
| | | | - Lalidia Bruno Ouoba
- Laboratoire National d'Elevage (LNE), Ouagadougou P.O. Box 907, Burkina Faso
| | - Dominique Guigma
- Laboratoire National d'Elevage (LNE), Ouagadougou P.O. Box 907, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Mariétou Guitti
- Laboratoire National d'Elevage (LNE), Ouagadougou P.O. Box 907, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles E Lamien
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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Siddiqui M, Globig A, Hoffmann B, Rahman MM, Islam MR, Chowdhury EH. Development of cell culture based peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus vaccine candidate from Bangladeshi isolates. J Virol Methods 2023; 314:114690. [PMID: 36775141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a cell culture based PPR virus vaccine candidate using recent Bangladeshi strain of peste des petits ruminant's (PPR) virus. PPR virus was isolated from field outbreaks, confirmed by RT-PCR and used as viral inoculum for serial passaging in Vero cells for adaptation and attenuation. 60th serial passage had completed and RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR were done in every 5 passages for confirmation of PPR virus in tissue culture fluid (TCF). To assess the adaptation and attenuation cytopathology, virus titration, sequencing of both F and N genes and live animal experimentation were done. Different cellular alterations produced by PPR virus in infected Vero cells including syncytia formation, development of both intranuclear and intra cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and finally cell degradation are the indications of adaptation. The virus titre was found 2.5, 3.31, 3.55, 4.44, 4.71 and 6.5 Log10 TCID50/ml at 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th and 60th passages level respectively. In F gene sequence analysis it has been observed that few nucleotide (nt) and mino acid (aa) has been substituted as the effects of serial passaging of PPR virus in Vero cells. TCF at 60th passage level was found effective to produced protective antibody (Ab) titre in live animal experimentation. It is concluded that serially passaged and Vero cells adapted PPR virus TCF could be used as a vaccine candidate for further use to develop a potent & effective vaccine against PPR diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Msi Siddiqui
- Department of Anatomy & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Anja Globig
- Friedrich Loffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Friedrich Loffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - M M Rahman
- Office of the Director General, Bangladesh Islamic Foundation, Ministry of Religious Affairs, Govt. of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - M R Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - E H Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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8
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Bisht D, Sajjanar BK, Saxena S, Kakodia B, Dighe V, Thakuria D, Kharayat NS, Chanu KV, Kumar S. Identification and characterization of phage display-selected peptides having affinity to Peste des petits ruminants virus. J Immunol Methods 2023; 515:113455. [PMID: 36893896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Phage display is a well-established technique used for selecting novel ligands having affinity to a plethora of targets including proteins, viruses, whole bacterial and mammalian cells as well as lipid targets. In the present study, phage display technology was used to identify peptides having affinity to PPRV. The binding capacity of these peptides was characterized through various formats of ELISA using phage clones, linear and multiple antigenic peptides. The whole PPRV was used as an immobilized target in a surface biopanning process using a 12-mer phage display random peptide library. After five rounds of biopanning, forty colonies were picked and amplified followed by DNA isolation and amplification for sequencing. Sequencing suggested 12 different clones expressing different peptide sequence Phage-ELISA was performed using all 12 phage clones. Results indicated that four phage clones i.e., P4, P8, P9 and P12 had a specific binding activity to PPR virus. Linear peptides displayed by all 12 clones were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis and subjected to virus capture ELISA. No significant binding of the linear peptides with PPRV was evident which may be due to loss of conformation of linear peptide after coating. When the four selected phage clones displayed peptide sequences were synthesized in Multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) format and used in virus capture ELISA, the results indicated significant binding of PPRV to the MAPs. It may be due to increased avidity and/or better projection of binding residues in 4-armed MAPs as compared to linear peptides. MAP-peptides were also conjugated on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Visual colour change from wine red to purple was observed on addition of PPRV in MAP-conjugated AuNPs solution. This colour change may be attributable to the networking of PPRV with MAP -conjugated AuNPs resulting in aggregation of AuNPs. All these results supported the hypothesis that the phage display selected peptides were capable of binding to the PPRV. The potential of these peptides to develop novel diagnostic or therapeutic agents remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Bisht
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263138, India.
| | - B K Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Bhuvna Kakodia
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India.
| | - Nitish S Kharayat
- Temperate Animal Husbandry Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263138, India.
| | | | - Satish Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus from Outbreaks in Southern Ethiopia, 2020. Adv Virol 2022; 2022:5329898. [PMID: 35677589 PMCID: PMC9168182 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5329898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the most important transboundary diseases of small ruminants. In this study, nasal and oral swabs (n = 24) were collected from sheep (n = 7) and goats (n = 17) with clinical signs in southern Ethiopia in March 2020. PPR virus was isolated on Vero dog cells expressing the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (VDS) and screened using RT-qPCR. Positive samples were confirmed by conventional RT-PCR followed by sequencing of a partial nucleoprotein (N) gene segment. Results revealed that 54% (n = 13/24) of the tested samples were PPRV-positive Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the viruses belonged to lineage IV and lineage II. The lineage IV viruses were similar, although not identical, to other lineage IV viruses previously reported in Ethiopia and other East African countries while the lineage II viruses have been reported for the first time in Ethiopia showed a high nucleotide identity (99.06%) with the vaccine (Nigeria 75/1) that is currently used in Ethiopia for the prevention of PPR. Further investigations are therefore recommended in order to fully understand the true nature of the lineage II PPRVs in Ethiopia.
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Sprygin A, Sainnokhoi T, Gombo-Ochir D, Tserenchimed T, Tsolmon A, Ankhanbaatar U, Krotova A, Shumilova I, Shalina K, Prutnikov P, Byadovskaya O, Chvala I. Outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in sheep in Mongolia, 2021. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:1695-1697. [PMID: 35338752 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Baron MD, Bataille A. A curated dataset of peste des petits ruminants virus sequences for molecular epidemiological analyses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263616. [PMID: 35143560 PMCID: PMC8830648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and devastating viral disease infecting predominantly sheep and goats. Tracking outbreaks of disease and analysing the movement of the virus often involves sequencing part or all of the genome and comparing the sequence obtained with sequences from other outbreaks, obtained from the public databases. However, there are a very large number (>1800) of PPRV sequences in the databases, a large majority of them relatively short, and not always well-documented. There is also a strong bias in the composition of the dataset, with countries with good sequencing capabilities (e.g. China, India, Turkey) being overrepresented, and most sequences coming from isolates in the last 20 years. In order to facilitate future analyses, we have prepared sets of PPRV sequences, sets which have been filtered for sequencing errors and unnecessary duplicates, and for which date and location information has been obtained, either from the database entry or from other published sources. These sequence datasets are freely available for download, and include smaller datasets which maximise phylogenetic information from the minimum number of sequences, and which will be useful for simple lineage identification. Their utility is illustrated by uploading the data to the MicroReact platform to allow simultaneous viewing of lineage date and geographic information on all the viruses for which we have information. While preparing these datasets, we identified a significant number of public database entries which contain clear errors, and propose guidelines on checking new sequences and completing metadata before submission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Baron
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Arnaud Bataille
- CIRAD, UMR, ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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Khoran FP, Candlan EP, Hassan AA, Isihak FA, Abdulmawjood A, Khan IUH. Pheno- and genotypic characterization and identification of novel subtypes of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus in domestic and captive wild goats in Northern Iraq. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:334. [PMID: 34876012 PMCID: PMC8650381 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is an acute or peracute contagious transboundary viral disease that mainly affects caprine and ovine and causes significant economic impact in developing countries. After two PPR virus outbreaks in 2011 and 2014, an investigation, from August 2015 to September 2016, was carried out in Northern Iraq when an increased morbidity and mortality rates were reported in the domestic and captive wild goats. In the present study, ten domestic goat farms and seven captive wild goat herds located in seven geographical areas of Northern Iraq were clinically, pathologically, serologically and genotypically characterized to determine the prevalence and potential cause of PPR virus outbreak. Results The outbreak occurred with rate of morbidity (26.1%) and mortality (11.1%) in domestic goat farms as compared to captive wild goat herds where relatively high mortality (42.9%) and low morbidity (10.9%) rates were recorded. Based on the clinical symptoms (mucopurulent nasal discharges, ulceration and erosion of oral mucosa, profuse watery diarrhea) and necropsy (hemorrhage and congestion on mucous membranes of the colon and rectum with zebra stripes lesions) results, overall, the serological test findings revealed a high frequency (47.9%) of positive samples for anti-PPRV nucleoprotein antibodies. Furthermore, the nucleoprotein (N) gene was detected in 63.2 and 89.1% of samples using conventional and reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR assays. A phylogenetic analysis of N gene amino acid sequences clustered with the reference strain revealed lineage IV similar to the strains isolated in 2011 and 2014, respectively. However, two sub-types of lineage IV (I and II), significantly distinct from the previous strains, were also observed. Conclusion The phylogenetic analysis suggests that movements of goats are possible cause and one of the important factors responsible for the spread of virus across the region. The study results would help in improving farm management practices by establishing a PPR virus eradication program using regular monitoring and vaccination program to control and mitigate the risk of re-emergence of PPR virus infection in domestic and captive wild goats in Iraq. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02372-2. 1. Assessment and detection of source of re-emergence of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus in goats. 2. High rate of mortality than morbidity in domestic and captive wild goat herds. 3. Identification of novel sub-types (I&II) of lineage IV. 4. Regular monitoring and strategies for improving on-site control and trade regulations enables mitigating risk of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Polis Khoran
- Directorate of Central Veterinary Laboratory (DCVL), Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Elham Potros Candlan
- Directorate of Central Veterinary Laboratory (DCVL), Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health (DVPH), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Fanar A Isihak
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Amir Abdulmawjood
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.,Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Izhar U H Khan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.
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Nooruzzaman M, Akter MN, Begum JA, Begum S, Parvin R, Giasuddin M, Islam MR, Lamien CE, Cattoli G, Dundon WG, Chowdhury EH. Molecular insights into peste des petits ruminants virus identified in Bangladesh between 2008 and 2020. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 96:105163. [PMID: 34848354 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth knowledge of the molecular evolution of the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is critical for the success of the current global eradication program. For this reason, a molecular evolutionary analysis of PPRVs circulating in Bangladesh over a decade (2008-2020) was performed. The complete genome sequencing of three PPRV isolates from 2008 (BD2), 2015 (BD12) and 2017 (BD17) as well as full length nucleocapsid (N), matrix (M) and fusion (F) gene sequencing of seven more samples from 2015 to 2020 was performed. Phylogenetic analysis classified all ten PPRVs from Bangladesh as members of lineage IV and showed that they were closely related to PPRV strains detected in China and Tibet during 2007-2008, and India during 2014-2018. Time scale Bayesian Maximum Clade Credibility (MCC) phylogenetic analysis of the three complete genomes revealed a mean Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) of 2000. Comparative deduced amino acid residue analysis at various functional motifs of PPRVs related to virus structure and function, virulence and host adaptation, receptor binding sites and polymerase activity revealed conserved residues among the PPRVs from Bangladesh. In total sixteen epitopes were predicted from four immunogenic proteins i.e. N, M, F and haemagglutinin (H). Interestingly, the predicted epitopes from the N and M proteins shared conserved epitopes with two vaccine strains currently being used, indicating that the strains from Bangladesh could be potentially used as alternative local vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Nazia Akter
- Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Begum
- Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shahana Begum
- Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Animal Health Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Charles E Lamien
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008-2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122373. [PMID: 34960642 PMCID: PMC8708707 DOI: 10.3390/v13122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, contagious viral disease of small ruminants, goats and sheep. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was a PPR-free country until 2007, although in 2006, scare alerts were received from the east and the southwest of the country, reporting repeated mortalities, specifically in goats. In 2008, PPR outbreaks were seen in several villages in the west, leading to structured veterinary field operations. Blood, swabs and pathological specimens consisting of tissues from lungs, spleens, lymph nodes, kidneys, livers and hearts were ethically collected from clinically infected and/or dead animals, as appropriate, in 35 districts. Epidemiological information relating to major risk factors and socio-economic impact was progressively collected, revealing the deaths of 744,527 goats, which converted to a trade value of USD 35,674,600. Samples from infected and dead animals were routinely analyzed by the Central Veterinary Laboratory at Kinshasa for diagnosis, and after official declaration of PPR outbreaks by the FAO in July 2012, selected tissue samples were sent to The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom, for genotyping. As a result of surveys undertaken between 2008 and 2012, PPR virus (PPRV)-specific antibodies were detected in 25 locations out of 33 tested (75.7%); PPRV nucleic acid was detected in 25 locations out of 35 (71.4%); and a typical clinical picture of PPR was observed in 23 locations out of 35 (65.7%). Analysis of the partial and full genome sequences of PPR viruses (PPRVs) obtained from lymphoid tissues of dead goats collected in Tshela in the DRC in 2012 confirmed the circulation of lineage IV PPRV, showing the highest homology (99.6-100%) with the viruses circulating in the neighboring countries of Gabon, in the Aboumi outbreak in 2011, and Nigeria (99.3% homology) in 2013, although recent outbreaks in 2016 and 2018 in the western part of the DRC that borders with East Africa demonstrated circulation of lineage II and lineage III PPRV.
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Benfield CTO, Hill S, Shatar M, Shiilegdamba E, Damdinjav B, Fine A, Willett B, Kock R, Bataille A. Molecular epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus emergence in critically endangered Mongolian saiga antelope and other wild ungulates. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab062. [PMID: 34754511 PMCID: PMC8570150 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes disease in domestic and wild ungulates, is the target of a Global Eradication Programme, and threatens biodiversity. Understanding the epidemiology and evolution of PPRV in wildlife is important but hampered by the paucity of wildlife-origin PPRV genomes. In this study, full PPRV genomes were generated from three Mongolian saiga antelope, one Siberian ibex, and one goitered gazelle from the 2016-2017 PPRV outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis showed that for Mongolian and Chinese PPRV since 2013, the wildlife and livestock-origin genomes were closely related and interspersed. There was strong phylogenetic support for a monophyletic group of PPRV from Mongolian wildlife and livestock, belonging to a clade of lineage IV PPRV from livestock and wildlife from China since 2013. Discrete diffusion analysis found strong support for PPRV spread into Mongolia from China, and phylogeographic analysis indicated Xinjiang Province as the most likely origin, although genomic surveillance for PPRV is poor and lack of sampling from other regions could bias this result. Times of most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) were June 2015 (95 per cent highest posterior density (HPD): August 2014 to March 2016) for all Mongolian PPRV genomes and May 2016 (95 per cent HPD: October 2015 to October 2016) for Mongolian wildlife-origin PPRV. This suggests that PPRV was circulating undetected in Mongolia for at least 6 months before the first reported outbreak in August 2016 and that wildlife were likely infected before livestock vaccination began in October 2016. Finally, genetic variation and positively selected sites were identified that might be related to PPRV emergence in Mongolian wildlife. This study is the first to sequence multiple PPRV genomes from a wildlife outbreak, across several host species. Additional full PPRV genomes and associated metadata from the livestock-wildlife interface are needed to enhance the power of molecular epidemiology, support PPRV eradication, and safeguard the health of the whole ungulate community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla T O Benfield
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA UK
| | - Sarah Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA UK
| | - Munkduuren Shatar
- Department of Veterinary Services of Dundgobi province, General Authority for Veterinary Services of Mongolia (GAVS), Mandalgobi, Dundgobi Province 4800 Mongolia
| | - Enkhtuvshin Shiilegdamba
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Post Office 20A, PO Box 21 Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
| | | | - Amanda Fine
- Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York 10460, USA
| | - Brian Willett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Henry Wellcome Building, Garscube Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Richard Kock
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA UK
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Mahapatra M, Neto MM, Khunti A, Njeumi F, Parida S. Development and Evaluation of a Nested PCR for Improved Diagnosis and Genetic Analysis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) for Future Use in Nascent PPR Eradication Programme. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3170. [PMID: 34827902 PMCID: PMC8614562 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants caused by PPR virus (PPRV). PPR is endemic in Asia, the Middle East and across large areas of Africa and is currently targeted for global eradication by 2030. The virus exists as four different lineages that are usually limited to specific geographical areas. However, recent reports of spread of PPRV, in particular of lineage IV viruses to infection-free countries and previously PPR endemic areas are noteworthy. A rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis and reports on its epidemiological linkage for virus spread play a major role in the effective control and eradication of the disease. Currently, molecular assays, including conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) are usually used for diagnosis of PPR while the sequencing of part of the nucleocapsid gene is usually carried out for the viral lineage identification. However, it is difficult to diagnose and sequence the genetic material if the animal excreted a low level of virus at the initial stage of infection or if the PPRV is degraded during the long-distance transportation of samples to the reference laboratories. This study describes the development of a novel nested RT-PCR assay for the detection of the PPRV nucleic acid by targeting the N-protein gene, compares the performance of the assay with the existing conventional RT-PCR and also provides good-quality DNA suitable for sequencing in order to identify circulating lineages. The assay was evaluated using cell culture propagated PPRVs, field samples from clinically infected animals and samples from experimentally infected animals encompassing all four lineages (I-IV) of PPRV. This assay provides a solution with an easy, accurate, rapid and cost-effective PPR diagnostic and partial genome sequencing for use in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (M.M.); (M.M.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Martin Mayora Neto
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (M.M.); (M.M.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Asha Khunti
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (M.M.); (M.M.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Felix Njeumi
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Satya Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (M.M.); (M.M.N.); (A.K.)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy;
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Kinimi E, Mahapatra M, Kgotlele T, Makange MR, Tennakoon C, Njeumi F, Odongo S, Muyldermans S, Kock R, Parida S, Rweyemamu M, Misinzo G. Complete Genome Sequencing of Field Isolates of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus from Tanzania Revealed a High Nucleotide Identity with Lineage III PPR Viruses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2976. [PMID: 34679994 PMCID: PMC8532778 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a highly devastating disease of sheep and goats that threatens food security, small ruminant production and susceptible endangered wild ruminants. With policy directed towards achieving global PPR eradication, the establishment of cost-effective genomic surveillance tools is critical where PPR is endemic. Genomic data can provide sufficient in-depth information to identify the pockets of endemicity responsible for PPRV persistence and viral evolution, and direct an appropriate vaccination response. Yet, access to the required sequencing technology is low in resource-limited settings and is compounded by the difficulty of transporting clinical samples from wildlife across international borders due to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora, and Nagoya Protocol regulations. Oxford nanopore MinION sequencing technology has recently demonstrated an extraordinary performance in the sequencing of PPRV due to its rapidity, utility in endemic countries and comparatively low cost per sample when compared to other whole-genome (WGS) sequencing platforms. In the present study, Oxford nanopore MinION sequencing was utilised to generate complete genomes of PPRV isolates collected from infected goats in Ngorongoro and Momba districts in the northern and southern highlands of Tanzania during 2016 and 2018, respectively. The tiling multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out with twenty-five pairs of long-read primers. The resulting PCR amplicons were used for nanopore library preparation and sequencing. The analysis of output data was complete genomes of PPRV, produced within four hours of sequencing (accession numbers: MW960272 and MZ322753). Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes revealed a high nucleotide identity, between 96.19 and 99.24% with lineage III PPRV currently circulating in East Africa, indicating a common origin. The Oxford nanopore MinION sequencer can be deployed to overcome diagnostic and surveillance challenges in the PPR Global Control and Eradication program. However, the coverage depth was uneven across the genome and amplicon dropout was observed mainly in the GC-rich region between the matrix (M) and fusion (F) genes of PPRV. Thus, larger field studies are needed to allow the collection of sufficient data to assess the robustness of nanopore sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Kinimi
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania; (S.P.); (M.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3017, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania; (T.K.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Mana Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (M.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Tebogo Kgotlele
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania; (T.K.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Mariam R. Makange
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania; (T.K.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Chandana Tennakoon
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (M.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Felix Njeumi
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Steven Odongo
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda;
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Satya Parida
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania; (S.P.); (M.R.)
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (M.M.); (C.T.)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mark Rweyemamu
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania; (S.P.); (M.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania; (T.K.); (M.R.M.)
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Saeed FA, M Gumaa M, A Abdelaziz S, Enan KA, Ahmed SK, Hussien MO. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of re-emerged virulent strains of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus among sheep in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan. Ir Vet J 2021; 74:23. [PMID: 34493342 PMCID: PMC8424802 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a severe contagious viral disease, which mainly affects small ruminants. PPR is caused by a Morbillivirus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae. In this study 12 suspected PPR outbreaks among sheep and goats were investigated in four localities in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, during 2015—2017. The causative agent was confirmed by a Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (sELISA), and a Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) targeting a partial sequence of nucleocapsid protein gene (N- gene) and a partial sequence of fusion protein gene (F- gene). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on six N- gene based RT-PCR products selected from two outbreaks occurred on border and inner localities of Kassala State to determine the circulating lineages of PPRV strains. Identity percentages were determined between isolates in this study and previous Sudanese, and other (African and Asian) isolates which clustered along with them. Results Out of 30 samples, 22 (73.3%) were positive using sandwich ELISA. From 22 s ELISA positive samples, 17 (77.3%) were positive by Ngene based RT-PCR and only 7(43.8%) out of 16 positive samples by N gene based RT-PCR were positive using Fgene based RT-PCR. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed involvement of the lineage IV of PPRV in outbreaks among small ruminants in Kassala State and high identity percentage between our isolates and previous Sudanese and other (African and Asian) isolates. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that genetic relationship between PPRV strains circulating in sheep in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, and PPRV strains characterized as lineage IV in neighboring African countries such as Eretria,Ethiopia, Egypt, and other Asian countries
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A Saeed
- Kassala Veterinary Research Laboratory (KVRL), Central Veterinary Research Laboratories (CVRL), Animal Resources Research Corporation (ARRC), Al Amarat, P.O. Box 237P.O. Box 8067, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Mohammed M Gumaa
- Kassala Veterinary Research Laboratory (KVRL), Central Veterinary Research Laboratories (CVRL), Animal Resources Research Corporation (ARRC), Al Amarat, P.O. Box 237P.O. Box 8067, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sana A Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Khalid A Enan
- Central Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 7099, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Selma K Ahmed
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Animal Resources Research Corporation (ARRC), Al Amarat, P.O. Box 8067, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohammed O Hussien
- Central Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 7099, Khartoum, Sudan
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19
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Mantip SE, Sigismeau A, Nanven M, Joel A, Qasim AM, Aliyu S, Musa I, Ezeanyika O, Faramade I, Ahmed G, Woma TY, Shamaki D, Libeau G, Farougou S, Bataille A. Wide circulation of peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep and goats across Nigeria. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2021; 88:e1-e7. [PMID: 34636619 PMCID: PMC8517798 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v88i1.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease that mainly affects goats and sheep in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, and threatens Europe [R.E.1]. The disease is endemic on the African continent, particularly in West Africa, and is a major factor driving food insecurity in low-income populations. The aim of this research study was to carry out surveillance, genetic characterisation and isolation of recently circulating PPR viruses (PPRV) in sheep and goats from the six agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. A total of 268 post-mortem tissue samples of lung and mesenteric ganglia were collected from clinically suspected sheep and goats in 18 different states, of which five never previously sampled. The presence of PPRV was confirmed using a reverse-transcription coupled with a polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. A total of 72 samples, 17 sheep (6%) and 55 goats (21%), were found to be PPR positive. Positive samples were distributed in almost all states, except Kano, where PPR was detected in previous studies. The PPRV-positive samples were further confirmed by sequencing or virus isolation in areas where the infection had never previously been detected. These results confirm the active circulation of PPRV across all six agro-ecological zones of Nigeria, and consequently, the need for introducing strict measures for the control and prevention of the disease in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Mantip
- Communicable Disease Research Unit, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Contonou, Benin; and, Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom.
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20
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Amanova Z, Zhugunissov K, Barakbayev K, Kondybaeva Z, Sametova Z, Shayakhmetov Y, Kaissenov D, Dzhekebekov K, Zhunushov A, Abduraimov Y, Zakarya K, Bulatov Y. Duration of Protective Immunity in Sheep Vaccinated with a Combined Vaccine against Peste des Petits Ruminants and Sheep Pox. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080912. [PMID: 34452037 PMCID: PMC8402523 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ability of the combined vaccine against peste des petits ruminants (PPR) (Nigeria strain 75/1) and sheep pox (SPP) (NISKhI strain) to form a protective immune response for 12 months in Kazakh breed fine-fleeced sheep aged 6–12 months was demonstrated. The duration of the protective immunity of immunized sheep from PPR and from SPP was evaluated using a serum neutralization test (SNT), followed by testing of the resistance of vaccinated sheep to infection with the field strain Kentau-7 of the PPRV and the virulent strain A of the SPPV. The PPR antibody response was additionally measured by c-ELISA. A single immunization of sheep with a combined vaccine in a volume of 2.0 mL, containing the PPR and SPP vaccine viruses in the titers of 103.0 TCID50/mL, provided reliable protection of animals from two infections simultaneously for 12 months (observation period). At the same time, in sheep immunized with the combined vaccine, antibodies of PPRV persisted for up to 12 months, with slight fluctuations. The combined vaccine induced 100% clinical protection against the field strain of PPRV and the virulent strain of SPPV in immunized sheep for up to 12 months, while unvaccinated animals became ill with the manifestation of clinical signs specific to PPRV and SPPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanat Amanova
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(701)-415-63-79
| | - Kuandyk Zhugunissov
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Kainar Barakbayev
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zhanat Kondybaeva
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zhanna Sametova
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yeraly Shayakhmetov
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Dastan Kaissenov
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Kuanysh Dzhekebekov
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Asankadyr Zhunushov
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720071, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Yergaly Abduraimov
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Kunsulu Zakarya
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yerbol Bulatov
- Research Institute Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (Z.S.); (Y.S.); (D.K.); (K.D.); (Y.A.); (K.Z.); (Y.B.)
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21
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Mantip S, Sigismeau A, Shamaki D, Woma TY, Kwiatek O, Libeau G, Farougou S, Bataille A. Molecular epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus in Nigeria: An update. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1634-1640. [PMID: 33728807 PMCID: PMC9290802 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease that mainly affects goats and sheep in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. The PPR virus (PPRV) can be classified into four genetically distinct lineages (I, II, III and IV). All have been historically present in Africa, except the Asian lineage IV that has been spreading across the globe and across Africa in recent decades. Previous studies have identified the presence of lineage IV in Nigeria since 2010. In the present study, samples were taken from 429 small ruminants with PPR symptoms across Nigeria in 2017–2020 to provide an update on the distribution and genetic diversity of PPRV in the country. Sequences from a portion of the PPRV nucleoprotein (N) gene were obtained from 91 samples, 90 belonging to lineage IV and one to lineage II. Phylogenetic analysis identified at least four lineage IV sub‐clusters in Nigeria, grouping samples across multiple regions. Our results suggest extensive endemic circulation of a wide range of PPRV strains across Nigeria and across borders with neighbouring countries, underlining the difficulty involved in controlling the disease in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mantip
- Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.,Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Sigismeau
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - David Shamaki
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - Olivier Kwiatek
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Genevieve Libeau
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Souabou Farougou
- Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Arnaud Bataille
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
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22
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Bataille A, Salami H, Seck I, Lo MM, Ba A, Diop M, Sall B, Faye C, Lo M, Kaba L, Sidime Y, Keyra M, Diallo AOS, Niang M, Sidibe CAK, Sery A, Dakouo M, El Mamy AB, El Arbi AS, Barry Y, Isselmou E, Habiboullah H, Lella AS, Doumbia B, Gueya MB, Coste C, Squarzoni Diaw C, Kwiatek O, Libeau G, Apolloni A. Combining viral genetic and animal mobility network data to unravel peste des petits ruminants transmission dynamics in West Africa. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009397. [PMID: 33735294 PMCID: PMC8009415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a deadly viral disease that mainly affects small domestic ruminants. This disease threaten global food security and rural economy but its control is complicated notably because of extensive, poorly monitored animal movements in infected regions. Here we combined the largest PPR virus genetic and animal mobility network data ever collected in a single region to improve our understanding of PPR endemic transmission dynamics in West African countries. Phylogenetic analyses identified the presence of multiple PPRV genetic clades that may be considered as part of different transmission networks evolving in parallel in West Africa. A strong correlation was found between virus genetic distance and network-related distances. Viruses sampled within the same mobility communities are significantly more likely to belong to the same genetic clade. These results provide evidence for the importance of animal mobility in PPR transmission in the region. Some nodes of the network were associated with PPRV sequences belonging to different clades, representing potential "hotspots" for PPR circulation. Our results suggest that combining genetic and mobility network data could help identifying sites that are key for virus entrance and spread in specific areas. Such information could enhance our capacity to develop locally adapted control and surveillance strategies, using among other risk factors, information on animal mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bataille
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
| | - Habib Salami
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d’Elevahge et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Ismaila Seck
- Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Dakar, Senegal
- FAO, ECTAD Regional Office for Africa, Accra, Ghana
| | - Modou Moustapha Lo
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d’Elevahge et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Aminata Ba
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d’Elevahge et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Mariame Diop
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d’Elevahge et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Baba Sall
- Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Coumba Faye
- Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mbargou Lo
- Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lanceï Kaba
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et de Médecine Vétérinaire, Dalaba, Guinea
| | - Youssouf Sidime
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et de Médecine Vétérinaire, Dalaba, Guinea
| | - Mohamed Keyra
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et de Médecine Vétérinaire, Dalaba, Guinea
| | | | | | | | - Amadou Sery
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire (LCV), Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Ahmed Bezeid El Mamy
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Ahmed Salem El Arbi
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Yahya Barry
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Ekaterina Isselmou
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Habiboullah Habiboullah
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Abdellahi Salem Lella
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Baba Doumbia
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Mohamed Baba Gueya
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Caroline Coste
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Squarzoni Diaw
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Ste-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Kwiatek
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Libeau
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Apolloni
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d’Elevahge et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Dakar Hann, Sénégal
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23
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Balamurugan V, Varghese B, Sowjanya Kumari S, Vinod Kumar K, Muthuchelvan D, Nagalingam M, Roy P. Avidin-Biotin recombinant antigen capture ELISA for the detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in the clinical specimens of sheep and goats. J Virol Methods 2021; 291:114103. [PMID: 33610651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development of Avidin-Biotin recombinant Antigen Capture ELISA (ABrAC ELISA) for the detection of the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antigens in the clinical specimens of sheep and goats. The assay uses the truncated recombinant PPRV N-terminal immunogenic region of nucleoprotein (rPPRV-NPN) as a reference positive antigen and its polyclonal antibodies as capture/detective antibodies and the rabbit PPRV polyclonal antibodies as coating antibodies. The cut-off value was determined as double times the mean reactivity of blank control based on the reactivity of the PPR confirmed negative and positive control panel samples. On assessing the specificity with the related differential diagnosis of the disease-causing viruses and bacteria, the assay showed specific detective reactivity to PPRV. Further, on evaluation using clinical specimens (n-274) of sheep and goats, the assay showed that the relative diagnostic sensitivity of 86.49 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 71.23-95.46 %) and diagnostic specificity of 96.20 % (95 % CI: 92.91-98.25 %) against PPRV nucleoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody-based sandwich-ELISA (PPR s-ELISA) kit, with an accuracy of 94.89 % (95 % CI: 91.58-97.18 %) and Cohen's Kappa value of 0.791 + 0.055 SE (95 % CI: 0.68-0.90) with substantial agreements. The ABrAC-ELISA is an alternative method of an immunoassay for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of the PPRV antigens m the clinical specimens of sheep and goats for surveillance or diagnosis of PPR. This study also shows that the rPPRV-NPN and its specific polyclonal antibodies could be the sustainable source of safe diagnostic reagents without the need to handle the infectious virus during the eradication and post-eradication phases in endemic countries like India or PPR non-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balamurugan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bibitha Varghese
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sowjanya Kumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - K Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Campus Mukteswar, Nainital, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M Nagalingam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India
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24
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Siddiqui MSI, Islam MR, Chowdhury EH. Growth kinetics of a Vero cells adapted Bangladeshi strain of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in cell culture. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1587-1593. [PMID: 33399890 PMCID: PMC7783708 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth kinetics of a Vero cells adapted Bangladeshi strain of peste des petits ruminants virus was studied in Vero cells to determine maximum virus yield. One-step growth curve was formulated after determining virus in both supernatant (CFV) and cell lysate (CAV) at different time categories by microtitre plate titration in Vero cells and the viral presence was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. The virus was first detected in both the supernatants and cell pellets at 12 hpi. The virus titre reached its plateau at 72 hpi. Maximum virus titre of CAV was 6.2 log10 TCID50/ml and that of CFV was 5.2 log10 TCID50/ml at 72 hpi. After that, the titer gradually declined, but maintained at 4.5 log10 TCID50/ml in case of CAV and 4.2 log10 TCID50/ml in case of CFV at 96 hpi. It was concluded that the optimum time point for harvesting Vero cell culture is 72 hpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam Siddiqui
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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25
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Begum S, Nooruzzaman M, Hasnat A, Parvin MM, Parvin R, Islam MR, Chowdhury EH. Isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus using primary goat kidney cell culture from kidneys obtained at slaughter. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:915-922. [PMID: 33326709 PMCID: PMC8136951 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally isolation of peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) is performed in Vero cells that takes several blind passages before observing typical cytopathic effects (CPEs). As an alternate, researchers have been using lamb kidney (LK) cells but day-old lambs are difficult to obtain and requires animal sacrifice. OBJECTIVE We established a primary goat kidney (GK) cell culture from the kidneys obtained at slaughter. METHODS The kidney of Black Bengal goats were collected from slaughter house and processed to make single cell suspension. The cells were resuspended in appropriate culture medium and maintained under optimum culture condition. RESULTS The 80% confluent monolayer of GK cells was obtained after 15-20 days post seeding. Upon infection with a field isolate of PPRV, the well-developed CPEs characterized by cell rounding, vacuolation in the cytoplasm and fusion of cells were observed after 48 hr post infection. Virus quantification in the culture supernatant revealed more viral RNA in GK cells than LK cells. The multicycle growth analysis of PPRV showed a steady increase in the virus loads in the culture supernatant of infected GK cells, suggesting an adaptation of the PPRV in GK cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that primary GK cells can be successfully prepared from the mature kidney cortical tissues and can be used for the isolation of PPRV. This system could reduce the unnecessary sacrifice of lambs or kids. Since kidneys of slaughtered goats are available throughout the year, using this protocol primary cell culture from mature goat kidney can provide primary cells to the laboratory throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Azmary Hasnat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Murshida Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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26
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Chukwudi IC, Ogbu KI, Luka PD, Malesa RP, Heath LE, Ugochukwu EI, Chah KF. Comparison of colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification kit and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Southeast Nigeria. Vet World 2020; 13:2358-2363. [PMID: 33363327 PMCID: PMC7750212 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2358-2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, extremely contagious transboundary viral disease of small ruminants with severe economic consequences, caused by PPR virus. Cost-effective and rapid diagnosis of the disease is essential for prompt management and control. This study aimed to compare the application of a commercial colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cLAMP) kit and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the diagnosis of PPR in sheep and goats in Southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods Nasal swab samples were collected from West African Dwarf sheep and goats showing clinical signs suggestive of PPR (n=80) and those without any clinical signs (n=140) of the disease. The diagnosis was achieved through detection of PPR viral genome in the samples using a cLAMP kit and RT-PCR. cLAMP assay was done directly on nasal swab samples without ribosomal nucleic acid extraction. A set of six primers targeting the matrix gene protein was used for the cLAMP assay. Results PPR viral genome was detected by both cLAMP and RT-PCR in 51 (63.8%) of the 80 samples from sheep and goats with signs suggestive of PPR while 14 (10%) of those without signs tested positive for PPR by both assay methods. There was a 100% agreement in the cLAMP and RT-PCR results. However, cLAMP was a faster, easier, and less expensive method compared to RT-PCR. Conclusion The cLAMP assay demonstrates the potential for a point of care diagnosis in the field and a valuable diagnostic tool in areas with poor electricity supply as well as in a less equipped diagnostic laboratory. Since the reagents are affordable, cLAMP can be a diagnostic tool of choice in the detection and surveillance of PPR virus in countries with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu
- Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Pam Dachung Luka
- Biotechnology Centre, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Refiloe Petunia Malesa
- Transboundary Animal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Livio Edward Heath
- Transboundary Animal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | | | - Kennedy Foinkfu Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
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Manzoor S, Abubakar M, Zahur AB, Yunus AW, Ullah A, Afzal M. Genetic characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus (Pakistani isolates) and comparative appraisal of diagnostic assays. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2126-2132. [PMID: 32259396 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to characterize N gene sequences of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) isolates circulating in Pakistan and to evaluate the efficacy of available diagnostic assays on local isolates. During the study period, a total of sixty PPR outbreaks were investigated. A total of 20 selected samples from these outbreaks were sequenced for N gene. The result analysis and the phylogenetic trees indicated two different viral groups in N gene: one was closer to China and Tajikistan, while other group was similar to isolates from Iran and Saudi Arabia. Efficacy of three commercially available tests for the antigen detection of PPR, that is, peste test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was compared. Keeping PCR as gold standard, sensitivity was calculated as 85% and 57% and specificity was calculated as 83% and 79% for ELISA and peste test, respectively. Value of K for ELISA was 0.67 which indicates good agreement between ELISA and RT-PCR. Value of K for peste test was 0.33 which indicates fair agreement between peste test and RT-PCR. In conclusion, study provides premier information about the use of different diagnostic tests and molecular situation of PPRV in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Manzoor
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan
- PARC Institute of Advance Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Progressive control of PPR in Pakistan (GCP/PAK/127/USA), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abubakar
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan
- PARC Institute of Advance Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Bin Zahur
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan
- PARC Institute of Advance Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Agha Waqar Yunus
- PARC Institute of Advance Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Animal Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- PARC Institute of Advance Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Animal Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Progressive control of PPR in Pakistan (GCP/PAK/127/USA), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Peste des petits ruminants in Africa: a review of currently available molecular epidemiological data, 2020. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2147-2163. [PMID: 32653984 PMCID: PMC7497342 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Small ruminants (e.g., sheep and goats) contribute considerably to the cash income and nutrition of small farmers in most countries in Africa and Asia. Their husbandry is threatened by the highly infectious transboundary viral disease peste des petits ruminants (PPR) caused by peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV). Given its social and economic impact, PPR is presently being targeted by international organizations for global eradication by 2030. Since its first description in Côte d’Ivoire in 1942, and particularly over the last 10 years, a large amount of molecular epidemiological data on the virus have been generated in Africa. This review aims to consolidate these data in order to have a clearer picture of the current PPR situation in Africa, which will, in turn, assist authorities in global eradication attempts.
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Halecker S, Joseph S, Mohammed R, Wernery U, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Hoffmann B. Comparative evaluation of different antigen detection methods for the detection of peste des petits ruminants virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2881-2891. [PMID: 32502324 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a fatal disease of small ruminants which has spread rapidly to previously PPR-free countries in recent decades, causing enormous economic losses in the affected regions. Here, two newly emerged PPR virus (PPRV) isolates from India and from the Middle East were tested in an animal trial to analyse their pathogenesis, and to evaluate serological and molecular detection methods. Animals infected with the two different PPRV isolates showed marked differences in clinical manifestation and scoring. The PPRV isolate from India was less virulent than the virus from the Middle East. Commercially available rapid detection methods for PPRV antigen (two Lateral Flow Devices (LFDs) and one antigen ELISA) were evaluated in comparison with a nucleic acid detection method. For this purpose, ocular and nasal swabs were used. Due to the easy non-invasive sampling, faecal samples were also analysed. For all rapid antigen detection methods, a high specificity of 100% was observed independent of the sample matrix and dilution buffers used. Both antigen ELISA and LFD tests showed highest sensitivities for nasal swabs. Here, the detection rate of the antigen ELISA, the LFD-PESTE-TEST and the LFD-ID Rapid-Test was 78%, 75% and 78%, respectively. Ocular swabs were less suitable for antigen detection of PPRV. These results reflect the increased viral load in nasal swabs of PPRV infected goats compared to ocular swabs. The faecal samples were the least suitable for antigen detection. In conclusion, nasal swab samples are the first choice for the antigen and genome detection of PPRV. Nevertheless, based on the excellent diagnostic specificity of the rapid tests, positive results generated with other sample matrices are solid. In contrast, negative test results can be caused on the reduced analytical sensitivity of the rapid antigen tests and must be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Halecker
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sunitha Joseph
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rubeena Mohammed
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Sentinel surveillance of selected veterinary and public health pathogens in camel population originating from Southern Punjab province, Pakistan. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105435. [PMID: 32142734 PMCID: PMC7092811 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Camels are susceptible to a wide range of infectious diseases with varying rate of morbidity and mortality. Blutongue, peste des petits ruminants and brucellosis are prevalent among camels in southern part of the Punjab provinvce, Pakistan. Genome corresponding to Brucella abortus and multiple serotypes of bluetongue were detected among camels. Camels should be included for disease control interventions reltaed to brucellosis, blutongue and PPR from their endemic setting worldwide.
An extended range of host susceptibility including camel has been evidenced for some of the important veterinary and public health pathogens, such as brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and bluetongue (BT). However, in disease endemic settings across many parts of the globe, most of the disease control interventions accounts for small and large ruminants, whereas unusual hosts and/or natural reservoirs, such as camels, remain neglected for disease control measures including routine vaccination. Such a policy drawback not only plays an important role in disease epizootiology particularly in settings where disease is endemic, but also serves an obstacle in disease control and subsequent eradication in future. With this background, using pre-validated ELISA and molecular assays [multiplex PCR, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and real-time (rt)-PCR], we conducted a large-scale pathogen- and antibody-based surveillance for brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants and bluetongue in camel population (n = 992) originating from a wide geographical region in southern part of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Varying in each of the selected districts, the seroprevalence was found to be maximum for bluetongue [n = 697 (70.26%, 95% CI: 67.29–73.07)], followed by PPR [n = 193 (19.46%, 95% CI: 17.07–22.09)] and brucellosis [n = 66 (6.65%, 95% CI: 5.22–8.43)]. Odds of seroprevalence were more significantly associated with pregnancy status (non-pregnant, OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.86–5.63, p<0.01), farming system (mixed-animal, OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.56–4.29, p<0.01), breed (Desi, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.28–4.03, p<0.01) and farmer education (illiterate, OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.45–6.93, p<0.01) for BTV, body condition (normal, OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.92–6.54, p<0.01) and breed (Desi, OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.09–4.40, p<0.01) for brucellosis, and feeding system for PPR (grazing, OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.79–4.22, p<0.01). Among the total herds included (n = 74), genome corresponding to BT virus (BTV) and brucellosis was detected in 14 (18.92%, 95 CI: 11.09–30.04) and 19 herds (25.68%, 95% CI: 16.54–37.38), respectively. None of the herds was detected with genome of PPR virus (PPRV). Among the positive herds, serotype 1, 8 and 11 were detected for BTV while all the herds were exclusively positive to B. abortus. Taken together, the study highlights the role of potential disease reservoirs in the persistence and transmission of selected diseases in their susceptible hosts and, therefore, urges necessary interventions (e.g., inclusion of camels for vaccine etc.) for the control of diseases from their endemic setting worldwide.
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Yan F, Li E, Li L, Schiffman Z, Huang P, Zhang S, Li G, Jin H, Wang H, Zhang X, Gao Y, Feng N, Zhao Y, Wang C, Xia X. Virus-Like Particles Derived From a Virulent Strain of Pest des Petits Ruminants Virus Elicit a More Vigorous Immune Response in Mice and Small Ruminants Than Those From a Vaccine Strain. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:609. [PMID: 32390966 PMCID: PMC7190788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPRs) is highly contagious, acute or subacute disease of small ruminants caused by peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). To date, several studies have designed and evaluated PPRV-like particles (VLPs) as a vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of PPR, with the majority of these VLPs constructed using sequences derived from a PPRV vaccine strain due to its high immunogenicity. However, because of the lack of available genetic material and certain structural proteins and/or the alteration of posttranslational glycosylation modifications, the immunogenicity of VLPs derived from a vaccine strain is not always optimal. In this study, two PPRV VLP candidates, derived from either the lineage IV Tibet/30 virulent strain or the lineage II Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain, were generated using a baculovirus system through the coexpression of the PPRV matrix (M), hemagglutinin (H), and fusion (F) proteins in the high expression level cell line High Five. These VLPs were then used to immunize mice, goats, and sheep followed by two boosts after primary immunization. Both VLPs were found to induce a potent humoral immune response as demonstrated by the high ratio of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) to IgG2a. In all animals, both VLPs induced high titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs), as well as H- and F-specific antibodies, with the Tibet/30 VLPs yielding higher antibody titers by comparison to the Nigeria 75/1 VLPs. Studies in mice also demonstrated that the Tibet/30 VLPs induced a more robust interleukin 4 and interferon γ response than the Nigeria 75/1 VLPs. Goats and sheep immunized with both VLPs exhibited a robust humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the VLPs derived from the virulent lineage IV Tibet/30 strain were more immunogenic, inducing a more potent and robust humoral and cell-mediated immune response in vaccinated animals by comparison to the lineage II Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain VLPs. In addition, VNA titers were significantly higher among animals vaccinated with the Tibet/30 VLPs by comparison to the Nigeria 75/1 VLPs. Taken together, these findings suggest that VLPs derived from the virulent lineage IV Tibet/30 strain are more immunogenic by comparison to those derived from the lineage II Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain and thus represent a promising vaccine candidate for the control and eradication of PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Entao Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zachary Schiffman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Kinimi E, Odongo S, Muyldermans S, Kock R, Misinzo G. Paradigm shift in the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants: scoping review. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:7. [PMID: 31996243 PMCID: PMC6988203 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-0505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus causes a highly contagious disease, which poses enormous economic losses in domestic animals and threatens the conservation of wild herbivores. Diagnosis remains a cornerstone to the Peste des petits ruminants Global Control and Eradication Strategy, an initiative of the World Organisation for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture Organisation. The present review presents the peste des petits ruminants diagnostic landscape, including the practicality of commercially available diagnostic tools, prototype tests and opportunities for new technologies. The most common peste des petits ruminants diagnostic tools include; agar gel immunodiffusion, counter-immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction either gel-based or real-time, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays, immunochromatographic lateral flow devices, luciferase immunoprecipitation system and pseudotype-based assays. These tests vary in their technical demands, but all require a laboratory with exception of immunochromatographic lateral flow and possibly reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays. Thus, we are proposing an efficient integration of diagnostic tests for rapid and correct identification of peste des petits ruminants in endemic zones and to rapidly confirm outbreaks. Deployment of pen-side tests will improve diagnostic capacity in extremely remote settings and susceptible wildlife ecosystems, where transportation of clinical samples in the optimum cold chain is unreliable.
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Pruvot M, Fine AE, Hollinger C, Strindberg S, Damdinjav B, Buuveibaatar B, Chimeddorj B, Bayandonoi G, Khishgee B, Sandag B, Narmandakh J, Jargalsaikhan T, Bataa B, McAloose D, Shatar M, Basan G, Mahapatra M, Selvaraj M, Parida S, Njeumi F, Kock R, Shiilegdamba E. Outbreak of Peste des Petits Ruminants among Critically Endangered Mongolian Saiga and Other Wild Ungulates, Mongolia, 2016-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:51-62. [PMID: 31855146 PMCID: PMC6924898 DOI: 10.3201/eid2601.181998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2016-2017 introduction of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) into livestock in Mongolia was followed by mass mortality of the critically endangered Mongolian saiga antelope and other rare wild ungulates. To assess the nature and population effects of this outbreak among wild ungulates, we collected clinical, histopathologic, epidemiologic, and ecological evidence. Molecular characterization confirmed that the causative agent was PPRV lineage IV. The spatiotemporal patterns of cases among wildlife were similar to those among livestock affected by the PPRV outbreak, suggesting spillover of virus from livestock at multiple locations and time points and subsequent spread among wild ungulates. Estimates of saiga abundance suggested a population decline of 80%, raising substantial concerns for the species' survival. Consideration of the entire ungulate community (wild and domestic) is essential for elucidating the epidemiology of PPRV in Mongolia, addressing the threats to wild ungulate conservation, and achieving global PPRV eradication.
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Souley MM, Issa Ibrahim A, Sidikou D, Dundon WG, Cattoli G, Abdou A, Soumana F, Yaou B. Molecular epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants in Niger: An update. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:1388-1392. [PMID: 31838763 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Like many West African countries, outbreaks of peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an economically important disease of goats and sheep, are regularly reported in Niger. The causative virus, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), can be differentiated into four genetically distinct lineages. A publication in 2018 identified three PPRV lineages circulating in the country in 2001 (lineages I and II) and 2013 (lineage IV), respectively. In this present study, more recent samples were collected from goats and sheep in locations throughout Niger between 2011 and 2017. Twelve PPRV-positive samples were characterized by sequencing of a segment of the nucleocapsid protein (N) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences identified viruses from lineages II and IV only. The analysis also indicated a shared origin of the viruses from Niger with PPRVs from neighbouring countries suggesting transboundary movement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Djibo Sidikou
- Université Dan Dicko DanKoulodo de Maradi, Maradi, Niger
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alassane Abdou
- Laboratoire Central de l'Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger
| | - Fati Soumana
- Laboratoire Central de l'Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger
| | - Bachir Yaou
- Laboratoire Central de l'Elevage (LABOCEL), Niamey, Niger
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Sahoo M, M D, Thakor JC, Baloni S, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Dhama K, Singh K, Singh R. Neuropathology mediated through caspase dependent extrinsic pathway in goat kids naturally infected with PPRV. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103949. [PMID: 31875517 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminant (PPR), a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, is characterized by erosive stomatitis and pneumo-enteritis. However, its neurovirulence potential as observed with other morbilliviruses has not been fully investigated. The present study describes the neuropathological alterations induced by PPR virus through apoptotic pathway. A total number of 12 carcasses of local breed goat kids of either sex were received for postmortem examination. The clinical history was described as symptoms of mucopurulent nasal discharge, high to low grade fever, erosive stomatitis, dyspnoea and profuse watery diarrhoea followed by mortality of 35 goat kids within a week. The pathoanatomical lesions and immunohistochemical demonstration of PPRV antigen in lungs, intestine, spleen and lymph nodes confirmed PPR disease in goats. Grossly, five brain specimens showed moderate to severe leptomeningeal congestion during necropsy. Microscopically, brain sections showed leptomeningitis and nonsuppurative encephalitis characterized by vascular congestion, haemorrhages in the parenchyma, perivascular cuffing with mild to moderate mononuclear cells (mainly lymphocytes and few macrophages), focal to diffuse microgliosis, neuronal degeneration, satellitosis and neuronophagia. Immunolabelling of viral antigen was observed in the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells. The RT-PCR amplification of N gene fragment also confirmed the presence of PPRV in the brain. The strong immunoreactivity of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and comparatively lower expression of caspase-9 along with the absence of any reactivity for Apaf-1 antigen in the brain sections indicated the role of caspase dependent extrinsic pathway in inducing neuropathological changes. The presence of apoptotic neurons in the brain by TUNEL assay further confirmed the apoptosis and strong immunoreactivity of iNOS in neurons which suggested the generation of oxidative stress, that might have induced the apoptosis. The overall findings confirm the neurovirulence potential of PPR virus, via the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, in natural cases of PPR disease in goat kids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India.
| | - Dinesh M
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | | | - Suraj Baloni
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Karampal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
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Lucas J, Holder D, Dodd K, Wei J. A versatile dual-use RT-PCR control for use in assays for the detection of peste des petits ruminants virus. J Virol Methods 2019; 277:113799. [PMID: 31837374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious disease with high mortality in small ruminants and significant socioeconomic impact in developing countries. The causative agent is peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) have set up a goal for the global eradication of PPR by 2030. To assist in this effort, an easily produced, specific, non-pathogenic bacteriophage Qβ based real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) PPRV positive control was developed. This control is compatible for use with two previously described PPRV qRT-PCR assays either as singleplex or multiplex platform. Additionally, the control can also be used for assembling proficiency testing panels for competency testing in diagnostic laboratories. Use of the Qβ phage based PPRV control as a positive control or in proficiency testing panels reduces the risk of inadvertent release of pathogenic PPRV from diagnostic laboratories, which would be especially important should PPR be eradicated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lucas
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Diane Holder
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Kimberly Dodd
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA
| | - Jia Wei
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, 11944, USA.
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Mapaco L, Monjane I, Fafetine J, Arone D, Caron A, Chilundo A, Quembo C, Carrilho MDC, Nhabomba V, Zohari S, Achá S. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Surveillance in Domestic Small Ruminants, Mozambique (2015 and 2017). Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:370. [PMID: 31788480 PMCID: PMC6856202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), a transboundary animal disease affecting mainly goats and sheep is caused by a morbillivirus and threatens food security and livelihoods as morbidity and mortality rates can reach 90%. There are no records of PPR in Mozambique, but the disease situation in Tanzania and the ability of PPR virus to rapidly spread across countries constitute a high risk for about 4.7 million goats and sheep in Mozambique. A total of 4,995 goats and sheep were sampled in several provinces during 2015 and 2017 to assess the status of PPR virus (PPRV) in Mozambique and to contribute to surveillance along the border with Tanzania. The sera were screened for anti-PPRV antibodies using a commercial PPR competition ELISA (c-ELISA) and the haemagglutinin based PPR blocking ELISA (HPPR-bELISA). The swabs were tested using one-step RT-PCR for detection of PPRV RNA. The overall percentage of animals with anti-PPRV antibodies by c-ELISA, was 0.46% [0.30–0.70]. However, all the sera positive on c-ELISA were confirmed to be negative by the HPPR-bELISA. Considering that all the swabs were negative for detection of PPRV, no clinical cases were observed during passive surveillance and active sampling, and no symptoms were reported, these results suggest that PPRV is not present in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourenço Mapaco
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique.,ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Iolanda Monjane
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - José Fafetine
- Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Dercília Arone
- Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Veterinary National Directorate, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Alexandre Caron
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Abel Chilundo
- Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carlos Quembo
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Maria Do Carmo Carrilho
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Virginia Nhabomba
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Siamak Zohari
- National Veterinary Institute, Department of Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Achá
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
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Peste des petits ruminants viruses of lineages II and III identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108493. [PMID: 31767093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular epidemiology and evolution of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), the causative agent of Peste des petits ruminants, can assist in the control of the transboundary spread of this economically important disease. To date, despite having been reported in the majority of northern and central African countries, no molecular epidemiological data on PPRVs are available for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study reports the collection and analysis of 11 samples collected from three provinces of the DRC in 2016 and 2018. Sequence analysis identified two (i.e. II and III) of the four known lineages of PPRV in the country providing important information that will assist in the global eradication of PPR.
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Balamurugan V, Govindaraj G, SowjanyaKumari S, Nagalingam M, Tapase J, Manjunathareddy GB, Rahman H. Scorecard method for assessing the severity of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats. Virusdisease 2019; 30:574-578. [PMID: 31890755 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A methodology to assess the clinical severity of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in sheep and goats in the field condition was developed using a scorecard by considering five specific cardinal clinical signs (pyrexia, oculo-nasal discharge, oral lesions, respiratory signs, and diarrhoea) of disease. The scores were assigned for the signs based on the severity of the disease that ranged from 1 (low) to 4 (high). The assigned weightage for signs, morbidity, and mortality was 0.75, 0.05 and 0.2, respectively summing up to unity. The scoring and weightages and guidelines were devised by Delphi technique based on the field investigation, field veterinarian's assessment and specific inputs from PPR experts. The estimated Weighted Score Index (WSI) was considered to classify the severity into mild (WSI < 40) or moderate (WSI 41-60) or severe (WSI > 60) form. This scorecard will help preliminarily to the extent for the identification of the suspected flocks with a required case definition at the first instance, before making decisions on what merits further field investigation. This is first of its kind of methodology to assess the disease pattern in small ruminants and could be used as a disease severity assessment tool in different geographical areas in endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balamurugan
- 1Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Post Box No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 064 India
| | - G Govindaraj
- 1Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Post Box No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 064 India
| | - S SowjanyaKumari
- 1Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Post Box No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 064 India
| | - M Nagalingam
- 1Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Post Box No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 064 India
| | - Jayant Tapase
- State Disease Investigation Unit, Department of Animal Husbandry, Bhopal, India
| | - G B Manjunathareddy
- 1Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Post Box No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 064 India
| | - H Rahman
- 1Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Post Box No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 064 India
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40
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Kamel M, El-Sayed A. Toward peste des petits virus (PPRV) eradication: Diagnostic approaches, novel vaccines, and control strategies. Virus Res 2019; 274:197774. [PMID: 31606355 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute transboundary infectious viral disease affecting domestic and wild small ruminants' species besides camels reared in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The virus is a serious paramount challenge to the sustainable agriculture advancement in the developing world. The disease outbreak was also detected for the first time in the European Union namely in Bulgaria at 2018. Therefore, the disease has lately been aimed for eradication with the purpose of worldwide clearance by 2030. Radically, the vaccines needed for effectively accomplishing this aim are presently convenient; however, the availableness of innovative modern vaccines to fulfill the desideratum for Differentiating between Infected and Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) may mitigate time spent and financial disbursement of serological monitoring and surveillance in the advanced levels for any disease obliteration campaign. We here highlight what is at the present time well-known about the virus and the different available diagnostic tools. Further, we interject on current updates and insights on several novel vaccines and on the possible current and prospective strategies to be applied for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Yan F, Banadyga L, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Schiffman Z, Huang P, Li E, Wang C, Gao Y, Feng N, Wang T, Wang H, Xia X, Wang C, Yang S, Qiu X. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus-Like Particles Induce a Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Goats. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100918. [PMID: 31590353 PMCID: PMC6833106 DOI: 10.3390/v11100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants is a highly contagious acute or subacute disease of small ruminants caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), and it is responsible for significant economic losses in animal husbandry. Vaccination represents the most effective means of controlling this disease, with virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines offering promising vaccine candidates. In this study, a PPRV VLP-based vaccine was developed using a baculovirus expression system, allowing for the simultaneous expression of the PPRV matrix (M), hemagglutinin (H), fusion (F) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins in insect cells. Immunization of mice and goats with PPRV VLPs elicited a robust neutralization response and a potent cellular immune response. Mouse studies demonstrated that VLPs induced a more robust IFN-γ response in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than PPRV Nigeria 75/1 and recruited and/or activated more B cells and dendritic cells in inguinal lymph nodes. In addition, PPRV VLPs induced a strong Th1 class response in mice, as indicated by a high IgG2a to IgG1 ratio. Goat studies demonstrated that PPRV VLPs can induce the production of antibodies specific for F and H proteins and can also stimulate the production of virus neutralizing antibodies to the same magnitude as the PPRV Nigeria 75/1 vaccine. Higher amounts of IFN-γ in VLP-immunized animal serum suggested that VLPs also elicited a cellular immune response in goats. These results demonstrated that VLPs elicit a potent immune response against PPRV infection in small ruminants, making PPRV VLPs a potential candidate for PPRV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, Manitoba, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Logan Banadyga
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Zachary Schiffman
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, Manitoba, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Entao Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huanan Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- Xinxiang medical university, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, Manitoba, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huanan Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg R3E 3R2, Manitoba, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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42
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Bora M, Yousuf RW, Dhar P, Manu M, Zafir I, Mishra B, Rajak KK, Singh RP. Characterization of defective interfering (DI) particles of Pestedes petitsruminants vaccine virus Sungri/96 strain-implications in vaccine upscaling. Biologicals 2019; 62:57-64. [PMID: 31588012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the characterization of defective interfering (DI) particles of Peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine Sungri/96 strain generated as a result of high MOI in Vero cells. During the serial 10 passages, infectivity titres drastically reduced from 6.5 to 2.25 log10TCID50/ml at high MOI. Further, attenuation of CPE with high MOI indicated generation of DI particles that resulted in no/slow progression of CPE during the late passages. Monoclonal antibody based cell ELISA indicated normal protein (N & H) packaging in samples with DI activity. At genomic level, inconsistency in amplicon intensity of H gene was observed in RT-PCR, indicating a possible defect of H gene. Further analysis of copy number of PPRV by RT-qPCR indicated intermittent fluctuations of viral genomic RNA copies. The significant decline of viral RNA copies with MOI 3 (314 copies) compared to low MOI (512804 copies), proved that higher DI multiplicities cause more interference with the replication process of the standard virus. Therefore, MOI is critical for manufacturing of vaccines. These investigations will help in upscaling of PPR vaccines in view of ongoing National and Global PPR control and eradication programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Bora
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raja Wasim Yousuf
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pronab Dhar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Manu
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Insha Zafir
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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43
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Ahamed S, Nazir KHMNH, Yousuf MA, Islam MM, Arafat MY, Islam MA, Mahmud MM, Islam MR. Seromonitoring of Peste des Petits Ruminants in goats and molecular characterization of PPR virus from field cases. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:416-424. [PMID: 31583240 PMCID: PMC6760515 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study was undertaken with the objectives to perform seromonitoring of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) antibodies in goats vaccinated with PPR vaccine and molecular characterization of PPR virus (PPRV) from field cases in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods Seromonitoring work was conducted in Char Kalibari, Mymensingh Sadar, Mymensingh. For this, a total of 50 goats were randomly selected and were divided into two groups; vaccinated (Group A; n = 25) and non-vaccinated (Group B; n = 25). The goats of both groups were again sub-divided into four age groups; (i) 0-6 months (n = 5), (ii) 6-12 months (n = 5), (iii) 12-24 months (n = 10), and (iv) >24 months (n = 5). Blood samples were collected on Day-0 and after 21 days of post-vaccination (DPV), and the sera were prepared. The sera were examined for the presence of antibodies against PPRV by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For molecular characterization, nasal swabs (n = 10) were collected from PPR infected goats in Jessore during PPR outbreak (February 2016). The causative agent, PPRV isolated from field cases were confirmed by N gene based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and multiple sequence alignment analyses. Results In the case of seromonitoring, the results revealed that before vaccination (at Day-0), overall, 44% (n = 22/50) goats were seropositive for PPRV. In Group A, 48% (n = 12/25) goats were seropositive, but after 21 DPV, 96% (n = 24/25) goats become seropositive. On the other hand, in Group B, 40% (n = 10/25) and 16% (n = 04/25) seropositive goats found at Day-0 and after 21 DPV, respectively, indicating that the antibody titer was increasing after vaccination and decreasing in convalescent goats. Out of 10 nasal swab samples, 40% (n = 4/10) was confirmed by RT-PCR targeting nucleocapsid (N gene). Phylogenetically, our isolate (KY039156/PPRV/BDG/Jes/2016) was similar to the other strains of PPRV under lineage IV. However, there was a unique amino acid substitution, where glycine (G) was recorded in place of arginine (R). The strain is closely related with other Chinese or Indian strains. The nucleotide sequence homology by NCBI BLAST search of the isolated strain ranged from 95% to 99% with other strains circulating in Bangladesh. Conclusion The PPRV is prevailing in the Mymensingh and Jessore regions of Bangladesh. Effective control of PPR in goats may depend on vaccination with PPR vaccine. Molecular characterization of PPRV in Jessore reveals that the virus is differing from the strain prevalent in other regions of Bangladesh and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahamed
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Yousuf
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monowarul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeasin Arafat
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Muket Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Livestock Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Tounkara K, Kwiatek O, Niang M, Abou Kounta Sidibe C, Sery A, Dakouo M, Salami H, Lo MM, Ba A, Diop M, El Mamy AB, El Arbi AS, Barry Y, Isselmou E, Habiboullah H, Lella AS, Doumbia B, Gueya MB, Savadogo J, Ouattara L, Minougou G, Libeau G, Bataille A. Genetic Evidence for Transboundary Circulation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Across West Africa. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:275. [PMID: 31497607 PMCID: PMC6713047 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease affecting predominantly small ruminants. Due to its transboundary nature, regional coordination of control strategies will be key to the success of the on-going PPR eradication campaign. Here, we aimed at exploring the extent of transboundary movement of PPR in West Africa using phylogenetic analyses based on partial viral gene sequences. We collected samples and obtained partial nucleoprotein gene sequence from PPR-infected small ruminants across countries within West Africa. This new sequence data was combined with publically available data from the region to perform phylogenetic analyses. A total of fifty-five sequences were obtained in a region still poorly sampled. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the majority of virus sequences obtained in this study were placed within genetic clusters regrouping samples from multiple West African countries. Some of these clusters contained samples from countries sharing borders. In other cases, clusters grouped samples from very distant countries. Our results suggest extensive and recurrent transboundary movements of PPR within West Africa, supporting the need for a regional coordinated strategy for PPR surveillance and control in the region. Simple phylogenetic analyses based on readily available data can provide information on PPR transboundary dynamics and, therefore, could contribute to improve control strategies. On-going and future projects dedicated to PPR should include extensive genetic characterization and phylogenetic analyses of circulating viral strains in their effort to support the campaign for global eradication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadidia Tounkara
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Bamako, Mali
| | - Olivier Kwiatek
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Amadou Sery
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Habib Salami
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Modou Moustapha Lo
- Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Aminata Ba
- Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Mariame Diop
- Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (LNERV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Ahmed Bezeid El Mamy
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l'Elevage, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Ahmed Salem El Arbi
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l'Elevage, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Yahya Barry
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l'Elevage, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Ekaterina Isselmou
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l'Elevage, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | - Abdellahi Salem Lella
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l'Elevage, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Baba Doumbia
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l'Elevage, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Mohamed Baba Gueya
- Office National de Recherches et de Développement de l'Elevage, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Joseph Savadogo
- Ministère des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassina Ouattara
- Ministère des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Germaine Minougou
- Ministère des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Geneviève Libeau
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bataille
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
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45
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Mahapatra M, Howson E, Fowler V, Batten C, Flannery J, Selvaraj M, Parida S. Rapid Detection of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) Nucleic Acid Using a Novel Low-Cost Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay for Future Use in Nascent PPR Eradication Programme. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080699. [PMID: 31370329 PMCID: PMC6723471 DOI: 10.3390/v11080699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a disease of small ruminants caused by peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), and is endemic in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Effective control combines the application of early warning systems, accurate laboratory diagnosis and reporting, animal movement restrictions, suitable vaccination and surveillance programs, and the coordination of all these measures by efficient veterinary services. Molecular assays, including conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) have improved the sensitivity and rapidity of diagnosing PPR. However, currently these assays are only performed within laboratory settings; therefore, the development of field diagnostics for PPR would improve the fast implementation of control policies, particularly when PPR has been targeted to be eradicated by 2030. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays are simple to use, rapid, and have sensitivity and specificity within the range of RT-qPCR; and can be performed in the field using disposable consumables and portable equipment. This study describes the development of a novel RT-LAMP assay for the detection of PPRV nucleic acid by targeting the N-protein gene. The RT-LAMP assay was evaluated using cell culture propagated PPRVs, field samples from clinically infected animals and samples from experimentally infected animals encompassing all four lineages (I-IV) of PPRV. The test displayed 100% concordance with RT-qPCR when considering an RT-qPCR cut-off value of CT >40. Further, the RT-LAMP assay was evaluated using experimental and outbreak samples without prior RNA extraction making it more time and cost-effective. This assay provides a solution for a pen-side, rapid and inexpensive PPR diagnostic for use in the field in nascent PPR eradication programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Emma Howson
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Veronica Fowler
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Carrie Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - John Flannery
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Satya Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
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First detection and genetic characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus from dorcas gazelles "Gazella dorcas" in the Sudan, 2016-2017. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2537-2543. [PMID: 31309291 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In May 2017, many free-ranging dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas) with suspected signs of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) were reported in Dinder National Park, South-Eastern Sudan. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antigen and nucleic acid were detected in specimens from these gazelles using an immunocapture ELISA and a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. PPRV was also detected in four healthy semi-captive dorcas gazelles from two areas of Khartoum State. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these PPRV strains belonged to the lineage IV genotype. The present study demonstrates that gazelles are a potential wild small ruminant host for PPRV and may influence the epidemiology of PPR in the Sudan.
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Nkamwesiga J, Coffin-Schmitt J, Ochwo S, Mwiine FN, Palopoli A, Ndekezi C, Isingoma E, Nantima N, Nsamba P, Adiba R, Hendrickx S, Mariner JC. Identification of Peste des Petits Ruminants Transmission Hotspots in the Karamoja Subregion of Uganda for Targeting of Eradication Interventions. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:221. [PMID: 31334256 PMCID: PMC6624733 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes an assessment of the patterns of peste des petits ruminants virus circulation in the Karamoja subregion of Uganda conducted to identify the communities that maintain the virus and inform the development of a targeted vaccination strategy. Participatory epidemiological methods were used to develop an operational hypothesis for the patterns of PPR in Karamoja that was subsequently validated through outbreak investigation and genomics. The participatory epidemiological assessment included risk mapping with livestock owners, community animal health workers and veterinarians and indicated there were two critical foci of virus transmission on the Uganda-Kenya border. One was located in two adjacent subcounties of Kotido and Kaabong Districts in northern Karamoja and the other in Loroo subcounty of Amudat District in southern Karamoja. Participants reported that these were locations where outbreaks were usually first observed in Karamoja and subsequently spread to other areas. Following the participatory assessment, surveillance activities were implemented across the Karamoja subregion in 2018. Three outbreak were detected, investigated and sampled. Two outbreaks were located in the northern and one on the southern focus of transmission. No Outbreaks were diagnosed in Karamoja outside of these foci during 2018. Genomics indicated different clusters of viruses were associated with the northern and southern foci that were more closely related to other East African isolates than to each other. This indicates these are two separate systems of virus circulation which should be explicitly addressed in eradication as separate cross-border systems that require integrated cross-border interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nkamwesiga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jeanne Coffin-Schmitt
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Sylvester Ochwo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Frank Norbert Mwiine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Annabella Palopoli
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Christian Ndekezi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Isingoma
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Noelina Nantima
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Peninah Nsamba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Saskia Hendrickx
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Mariner
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
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Niyokwishimira A, de D Baziki J, Dundon WG, Nwankpa N, Njoroge C, Boussini H, Wamwayi H, Jaw B, Cattoli G, Nkundwanayo C, Ntakirutimana D, Balikowa D, Nyabongo L, Zhang Z, Bodjo SC. Detection and molecular characterization of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus from outbreaks in Burundi, December 2017-January 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2067-2073. [PMID: 31131993 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In December 2017, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) emerged in Burundi (East Africa) and rapidly spread to five provinces (Gitega, Kirundo, Mwaro, Muramvya and Karuzi) in the country, causing severe disease and killing more than 4,000 goats in the province of Gitega alone. An initial outbreak investigation was conducted in December 2017 by the Burundi Government Veterinary Services and samples were collected for laboratory confirmation. A competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (cELISA: Chinese Patent No. ZL201210278970.9) supplied by the Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute was used to test 112 sera and results showed around 37.5% positive samples. This high level of PPR positive sera in an animal population where PPR infection and vaccination had not been previously reported indicated the exposure of the animals to PPRV. Subsequently in January 2018, the laboratory tests conducted at the African Union-Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC) laboratories following a joint investigative mission by the African Union-Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), AU-PANVAC and the East African Community (EAC) confirmed the presence of PPR in Burundi. Samples tested by conventional RT-PCR indicated the presence of the PPR virus (PPRV). Confirmatory isolation of the virus was also performed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus belongs to lineage III and shows a close relationship with PPRV isolates from Kenya in 2011 and Uganda in 2012. A possible explanation for the outbreaks of PPR in Burundi between December 2017 and February 2018 is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Niyokwishimira
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Gansu, China.,Laboratoire National Vétérinaire de Bujumbura, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Jean de D Baziki
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.,Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nick Nwankpa
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Cecilia Njoroge
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Hiver Boussini
- African Union-Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Henry Wamwayi
- African Union-Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baboucarr Jaw
- African Union-Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Lionel Nyabongo
- Laboratoire National Vétérinaire de Bujumbura, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Gansu, China
| | - Sanne Charles Bodjo
- African Union- Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU-PANVAC), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
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49
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Osman NA, Portugal R, Giesow K, Keil GM. Productive replication of peste des petits ruminants virus Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain in vero cells correlates with inefficiency of maturation of the viral fusion protein. Virus Res 2019; 269:197634. [PMID: 31129173 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a member of the genus Morbillivirus, in the family Paramyxoviridae expresses two membrane glycoproteins, the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin (H) glycoproteins which mediate virus-to-cell fusion and cell-to-cell fusion leading to the induction of syncytia in PPRV infected cells. In the context of the characterization of the virulent lineage IV strain PPRV Kurdistan 2011, isolated from wild goats from the Kurdistan region in Iraq, we observed that both PPRV Kurdistan 2011 and the PPRV Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain led to induction of large syncytia in Vero-dogSLAM cells within 48 h whereas both failed to induce detectable cell-cell fusion events in two Vero cell lines of differing passage histories. We were unable to detect syncytium formation in transiently transfected cells expressing PPRV F or H alone whereas co-expression of F and H induced large syncytia - in Vero-dogSLAM cells only. In VeroMontpellier cells expressing PPRV F and H, fused cells were rarely detectable indicating that PPRV mediated cell fusion activity is impaired in this cell line. Surprisingly, on Vero-dogSLAM cells the vaccine strain grew to titers of 105.25 TCID50/ml, whereas infectious virus yield was about 200-fold higher on VeroMontpellier and Vero-76 cells. In contrast, the virulent Kurdistan 2011 strain grew to a maximum titer of 107.0 TCID50/ml on Vero-dogSLAM cells and only 104.5 TCID50/ml on normal Vero cells. This was as expected since Vero cells lacking the SLAM receptor for PPRV are regarded as not so permissive for infection. To elucidate the divergent productive replication behaviour of PPRV Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain on Vero vs Vero-dogSLAM cells, we examined whether intracellular transport and/or maturation of the viral envelope glycoproteins F and H might be implicated with this phenomenon. The results indicate that F in contrast to the H glycoprotein matures inefficiently during intracellular transport in VeroMontpellier cells, thus leading to an absence of detectable syncytia formation. However, in the case of the PPRV Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain this did not impair efficient virus assembly and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nussieba A Osman
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; Department of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 204 Kuku, Khartoum-North, Sudan.
| | - Raquel Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Giesow
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Günther M Keil
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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50
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Adedeji AJ, Dashe Y, Akanbi OB, Woma TY, Jambol AR, Adole JA, Bolajoko MB, Chima N, Asala O, Tekki IS, Luka P, Okewole P. Co-infection of peste des petits ruminants and goatpox in a mixed flock of sheep and goats in Kanam, North Central Nigeria. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:412-418. [PMID: 30993915 PMCID: PMC6682798 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste‐des‐petits‐ruminants (PPR) and Goat pox (GTP) are two devastating and economically important transboundary animal diseases of small ruminants in Africa and Asia that have been difficult to control. This study however, investigated an outbreak of PPR and GTP in a mixed flock of indigenous sheep and goats in Kanam, North Central Nigeria. A total of nine sera and seven tissues (lungs, spleen, scab and skin) samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for PPR antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of PPR virus (PPRV) and GTP virus (GTPV). Gene fragments of the nucleoprotein of PPRV and the G‐protein‐coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) of GTPV were amplified and sequenced to confirm the presence of the causative viruses. Serologically, antibodies to PPRV were detected in all (9/9) sera collected. GTPV and PPRV was detected in corresponding samples (42.8% n = 3/7) of the scab/skin samples collected by both PCR and RT‐PCR technique. The phylogenetic analysis of PPRV revealed that the virus belongs to lineage IV and clustered with viruses from Gabon and Cameroon. Similarly, the GTPV also clustered with other sequences from Burkina Faso and Yemen. The positive cELISA, RT‐PCR and PCR results from samples collected from the same animals confirmed co‐infection of PPR and GTP in this mixed flock of sheep and goats. This is the first report of concurrent infection of PPR and GTP in mixed flock of sheep and goats in Nigeria. Our findings underscore the need for farmers to vaccinate their flock to control spread and economic losses as result of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yakubu Dashe
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Yusufu Woma
- Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Anvou Rachael Jambol
- Applied Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Jolly Amoche Adole
- Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - Nneka Chima
- Applied Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Asala
- Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Ishaya Sini Tekki
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Pam Luka
- Applied Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Philip Okewole
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
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