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Joffe R, Berthe A, Jolivet Y, Gandin A. The response of mesophyll conductance to ozone-induced oxidative stress is genotype-dependent in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4850-4866. [PMID: 35429268 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The CO2 diffusion conductance within the leaf mesophyll (gm) is considered a major limiting factor of photosynthesis. However, the effects of the major secondary air pollutant ozone (O3) on gm have been poorly investigated. Eight genotypes of the economically important tree species Populus × canadensis Moench were exposed to 120 ppb O3 for 21 d. gm showed a genotype-dependent response to O3-induced oxidative stress and was a major limiting factor of net assimilation rate (Anet), ahead of stomatal conductance to CO2 (gsc) and of the maximum carboxylation capacity of the Rubisco enzyme (Vcmax) in half of the tested genotypes. Increased leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and decreased chlorophyll content were linked to the observed gm decrease, but this relationship did not entirely explain the different genotypic gm responses. Moreover, the oxidative stress defence metabolites ascorbate and glutathione were not related to O3 tolerance of gm. However, malondialdehyde probably mitigated the observed gm decrease in some genotypes due to its oxidative stress signalling function. The large variation of gm suggests different regulation mechanisms amongst poplar genotypes under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Joffe
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Audrey Berthe
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Yves Jolivet
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Anthony Gandin
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, F-54000 Nancy, France
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2
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Poorter H, Knopf O, Wright IJ, Temme AA, Hogewoning SW, Graf A, Cernusak LA, Pons TL. A meta-analysis of responses of C 3 plants to atmospheric CO 2 : dose-response curves for 85 traits ranging from the molecular to the whole-plant level. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1560-1596. [PMID: 34657301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Generalised dose-response curves are essential to understand how plants acclimate to atmospheric CO2 . We carried out a meta-analysis of 630 experiments in which C3 plants were experimentally grown at different [CO2 ] under relatively benign conditions, and derived dose-response curves for 85 phenotypic traits. These curves were characterised by form, plasticity, consistency and reliability. Considered over a range of 200-1200 µmol mol-1 CO2 , some traits more than doubled (e.g. area-based photosynthesis; intrinsic water-use efficiency), whereas others more than halved (area-based transpiration). At current atmospheric [CO2 ], 64% of the total stimulation in biomass over the 200-1200 µmol mol-1 range has already been realised. We also mapped the trait responses of plants to [CO2 ] against those we have quantified before for light intensity. For most traits, CO2 and light responses were of similar direction. However, some traits (such as reproductive effort) only responded to light, others (such as plant height) only to [CO2 ], and some traits (such as area-based transpiration) responded in opposite directions. This synthesis provides a comprehensive picture of plant responses to [CO2 ] at different integration levels and offers the quantitative dose-response curves that can be used to improve global change simulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Oliver Knopf
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Andries A Temme
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Graf
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4879, Australia
| | - Thijs L Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3512 PN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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3
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Liang Z, Luo Z, Li W, Yang M, Wang L, Lin X, Li L. Elevated CO 2 Enhanced the Antioxidant Activity and Downregulated Cell Wall Metabolism of Wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010016. [PMID: 35052519 PMCID: PMC8773196 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been widely known to delay the postharvest fruit senescence; nevertheless, its effect on antioxidant activity and cell wall metabolism of wolfberry fruit is largely unknown. The present study investigated the impact of elevated CO2 on the quality attributes and cell wall degradation of wolfberry fruit during storage. The results showed that 10% CO2 better maintained the physiological quality and conferred the reduction in weight loss, decay index, and color change. Higher 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, total phenol and flavonoid content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity of wolfberry were detected at elevated CO2 concentrations. Elevated CO2 atmosphere contributed to the maintenance of the cell integrity, the decrease of cell wall degradation (polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase), and the increase of cellulose and proto pectin content. Overall, we revealed the potential mechanism of elevated CO2 on the antioxidant activity enhancement and cell wall homeostasis of fresh berry fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-8898-1885
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Lauriks F, Salomón RL, De Roo L, Steppe K. Leaf and tree responses of young European aspen trees to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration vary over the season. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1877-1892. [PMID: 33824983 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) commonly stimulates net leaf assimilation, decreases stomatal conductance and has no clear effect on leaf respiration. However, effects of eCO2 on whole-tree functioning and its seasonal dynamics remain far more uncertain. To evaluate temporal and spatial variability in eCO2 effects, 1-year-old European aspen trees were grown in two treatment chambers under ambient (aCO2, 400 p.p.m.) and elevated (eCO2, 700 p.p.m.) CO2 concentrations during an early (spring 2019) and late (autumn 2018) seasonal experiment. Leaf (net carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and leaf respiration) and whole-tree (stem growth, sap flow and stem CO2 efflux) responses to eCO2 were measured. Under eCO2, carbon assimilation was stimulated during the early (1.63-fold) and late (1.26-fold) seasonal experiments. Stimulation of carbon assimilation changed over time with largest increases observed in spring when stem volumetric growth was highest, followed by late season down-regulation, when stem volumetric growth ceased. The neutral eCO2 effect on stomatal conductance and leaf respiration measured at leaf level paralleled the unresponsive canopy conductance (derived from sap flow measurements) and stem CO2 efflux measured at tree level. Our results highlight that seasonality in carbon demand for tree growth substantially affects the magnitude of the response to eCO2 at both leaf and whole-tree level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Lauriks
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Luis Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Linus De Roo
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Agathokleous E, Feng Z, Oksanen E, Sicard P, Wang Q, Saitanis CJ, Araminiene V, Blande JD, Hayes F, Calatayud V, Domingos M, Veresoglou SD, Peñuelas J, Wardle DA, De Marco A, Li Z, Harmens H, Yuan X, Vitale M, Paoletti E. Ozone affects plant, insect, and soil microbial communities: A threat to terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc1176. [PMID: 32851188 PMCID: PMC7423369 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations induce adverse effects in plants. We reviewed how ozone affects (i) the composition and diversity of plant communities by affecting key physiological traits; (ii) foliar chemistry and the emission of volatiles, thereby affecting plant-plant competition, plant-insect interactions, and the composition of insect communities; and (iii) plant-soil-microbe interactions and the composition of soil communities by disrupting plant litterfall and altering root exudation, soil enzymatic activities, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. The community composition of soil microbes is consequently changed, and alpha diversity is often reduced. The effects depend on the environment and vary across space and time. We suggest that Atlantic islands in the Northern Hemisphere, the Mediterranean Basin, equatorial Africa, Ethiopia, the Indian coastline, the Himalayan region, southern Asia, and Japan have high endemic richness at high ozone risk by 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Elina Oksanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, POB 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 route du Pin Montard, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Costas J. Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Valda Araminiene
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Girionys 53101 Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - James D. Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, PO Box 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stavros D. Veresoglou
- Freie Universität Berlin-Institut für Biologie, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia E-08193, Spain
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome I-00123, Italy
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Harry Harmens
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Marcello Vitale
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Dai L, Kobayashi K, Nouchi I, Masutomi Y, Feng Z. Quantifying determinants of ozone detoxification by apoplastic ascorbate in peach (Prunus persica) leaves using a model of ozone transport and reaction. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3147-3162. [PMID: 32090419 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate in leaf apoplast (ASCapo ) reacts with ozone (O3 ) and thereby reduces O3 flux reaching plasmalemma (Fpl ). Some studies have shown significant protection of cells from O3 by ASCapo , while others have questioned its efficacy. Hypothesizing that the protection by ASCapo depends on other variables, we quantified determinants of O3 detoxification with a model of O3 transport and reaction in apoplast. The model determines ascorbic acid concentration in apoplast (AAapo ) using measured values of O3 concentration (co ), leaf tissue ascorbic acid concentration (AAleaf ), cell wall thickness (L3 ), apoplastic pH (pHapo ), and stomatal conductance (Gsw ). We compared the measured and model-estimated AAapo in leaves of peach (Prunus persica) grown in open-top chambers under non-filtered air (NF) and elevated (EO3 : NF + 80 ppb) O3 concentrations. The estimated AAapo in individual leaves agreed well with the measured values (R2 = .91). Analyses of the simulation results yielded the following findings: (a) The efficacy of O3 reduction with ASCapo as quantified by fractional reduction (ϕ3 ) of O3 flux at the surface of plasmalemma (Fpl ) was lowered from 70% in NF to 40% in EO3 due to the reduction of L3 . The EO3 reduced AAapo , but the lower Gsw and L3 in EO3 increased AAapo resulting in no significant change in AAapo due to EO3 . ϕ3 can be calculated with measured values of AAapo and L3 , and Fpl can be estimated with the measurement-based ϕ3 . (b) When c0 is increased, Fpl increased curvilinearly with the increase of Fst : nominal O3 flux via stomatal diffusion, exhibiting apparent threshold on Fst . The deviation of Fpl from Fst became greater when L3 , pHapo , and AAleaf were increased. The quantification of ϕ3 and Fpl using leaf traits shall facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of differential plant sensitivity to O3 and improve quantification of the O3 impacts on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Dai
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
| | - Isamu Nouchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Masutomi
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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Hartikainen K, Kivimäenpää M, Nerg AM, Mäenpää M, Oksanen E, Rousi M, Holopainen T. Elevated temperature and ozone modify structural characteristics of silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:467-483. [PMID: 31860708 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of slightly elevated temperature and ozone (O3) on leaf structural characteristics of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), saplings of four clonal genotypes of this species were exposed to elevated temperature (ambient air temperature +0.8-1.0 °C) and elevated O3 (1.3-1.4× ambient O3), alone and in combination, in an open-air exposure field over two growing seasons (2007 and 2008). So far, the impacts of moderate elevation of temperature or the combination of elevated temperature and O3 on leaf structure of silver birch have not been intensively studied, thus showing the urgent need for this type of studies. Elevated temperature significantly increased leaf size, reduced non-glandular trichome density, decreased epidermis thickness and increased plastoglobuli size in birch leaves during one or both growing seasons. During the second growing season, O3 elevation reduced leaf size, increased palisade layer thickness and decreased the number of plastoglobuli in spongy cells. Certain leaf structural changes observed under a single treatment of elevated temperature or O3, such as increase in the amount of chloroplasts or vacuole, were no longer detected at the combined treatment. Leaf structural responses to O3 and rising temperature may also depend on timing of the exposure during the plant and leaf development as indicated by the distinct changes in leaf structure along the experiment. Genotype-dependent cellular responses to the treatments were detected particularly in the palisade cells. Overall, this study showed that even a slight but realistic elevation in ambient temperature can notably modify leaf structure of silver birch saplings. Leaf structure, in turn, influences leaf function, thus potentially affecting acclimation capacity under changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Hartikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Anne-Marja Nerg
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Maarit Mäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Yliopistokatu 2, Joensuu FI-80101, Finland
| | - Elina Oksanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Yliopistokatu 2, Joensuu FI-80101, Finland
| | - Matti Rousi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki FI-00790, Finland
| | - Toini Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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8
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Fernandes FF, Esposito MP, da Silva Engela MRG, Cardoso-Gustavson P, Furlan CM, Hoshika Y, Carrari E, Magni G, Domingos M, Paoletti E. The passion fruit liana (Passiflora edulis Sims, Passifloraceae) is tolerant to ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1091-1101. [PMID: 30625641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Passiflora edulis Sims is a liana species of high economic interest and is an interesting model plant for understanding ozone action on disturbed vegetation. In this work we hypothesized that P. edulis has adaptive responses to oxidative stress that enable it to tolerate ozone damage based on its capacity to grow under a diversity of environmental conditions and to dominate disturbed areas. We exposed seedlings to three levels of ozone in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) system (22, 41 and 58 ppb h AOT40 and 13.52, 17.24 and 20.62 mmol m-2 POD0, over 97 days) for identifying its tolerance mechanisms. Anatomical (leaf blade structure and fluorescence emission of chloroplast metabolites), physiological (leaf gas exchange, growth rate and biomass production) and biochemical (pigments, total sugars, starch, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolites, reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation derivatives) responses were assessed. Ozone caused decreased total number of leaves, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the mesophyll cells, and accelerated leaf senescence. However, O3 did not affect carbohydrates content, net photosynthetic rate, or total biomass production, indicating that the carboxylation efficiency and associated physiological processes were not affected. In addition, P. edulis showed higher leaf contents of ascorbic acid, glutathione (as well high ratio between their reduced and total forms), carotenoids, and flavonoids located in the chloroplast outer envelope membrane. Our results indicate that P. edulis is an O3-tolerant species due to morphological acclimation responses and an effective antioxidant defense system represented by non-enzymatic antioxidants, which maintained the cellular redox balance under ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Faia Fernandes
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Miguel Stéfano Ave. 3687, 04045-972 SP, Brazil.
| | - Marisia Pannia Esposito
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Miguel Stéfano Ave. 3687, 04045-972 SP, Brazil
| | | | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Arcturus St. 03, 09606-070 SBC, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Furlan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Matão St. 257, 05508-090 SP, Brazil
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giada Magni
- National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Miguel Stéfano Ave. 3687, 04045-972 SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Paoletti
- National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Fan X, Chang W, Feng F, Song F. Responses of photosynthesis-related parameters and chloroplast ultrastructure to atrazine in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:102-108. [PMID: 30253284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is an ingredient in photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides and has been widely used to combat weeds in farmland. However, most atrazine that is applied fails to degrade in the soil and subsequently affects non-target plants. In this study, we investigated the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae on the photosynthesis-related parameters, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure in alfalfa plants, some of which had been exposed to atrazine. Our results showed that the percentage of AMF hyphal colonization reached 91.23% 35 days after the alfalfa was planted, which suggests a symbiotic relationship between F. mosseae and alfalfa roots. F. mosseae alleviated the inhibition of net photosynthesis and stomatal function significantly in alfalfa exposed to atrazine for 24 h. A chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed that F. mosseae prevented a major reduction in the performance of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in the presence of atrazine, such as the relative decrease of Fv/Fm between the non-mycorrhizal and F. mosseae mycorrhizal treatments was 4.4% and 5.8% after 24 and 48 h of atrazine exposure time. However, F. mosseae has no significant alleviation on a sharp reduction in the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content in alfalfa exposed to atrazine. For the chloroplast ultrastructure in alfalfa exposed to atrazine, the number of both plastoglobules and partial granal stacks was greater in the presence of F. mosseae. In general, our results indicate that the F. mosseae inoculation was beneficial to sustain photosynthesis-related performance, such as net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) of PSII photochemistry in alfalfa after exposure to atrazine, because the mycorrhizal alfalfa had a greater number of plastoglobules and granal stacks in the chloroplast, thereby enhancing its resistance to the oxidative damage induced by atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Fan
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fujuan Feng
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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10
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Aspinwall MJ, Blackman CJ, de Dios VR, Busch FA, Rymer PD, Loik ME, Drake JE, Pfautsch S, Smith RA, Tjoelker MG, Tissue DT. Photosynthesis and carbon allocation are both important predictors of genotype productivity responses to elevated CO2 in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1286-1301. [PMID: 29741732 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in biomass production responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) could influence tree species' ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying genotypic variation in responsiveness to eCO2 remain poorly understood. In this study, we grew 17 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. subsp. camaldulensis genotypes (representing provenances from four different climates) under ambient atmospheric CO2 and eCO2. We tested whether genotype leaf-scale photosynthetic and whole-tree carbon (C) allocation responses to eCO2 were predictive of genotype biomass production responses to eCO2. Averaged across genotypes, growth at eCO2 increased in situ leaf net photosynthesis (Anet) (29%) and leaf starch concentrations (37%). Growth at eCO2 reduced the maximum carboxylation capacity of Rubisco (-4%) and leaf nitrogen per unit area (Narea, -6%), but Narea calculated on a total non-structural carbohydrate-free basis was similar between treatments. Growth at eCO2 also increased biomass production and altered C allocation by reducing leaf area ratio (-11%) and stem mass fraction (SMF, -9%), and increasing leaf mass area (18%) and leaf mass fraction (5%). Overall, we found few significant CO2 × provenance or CO2 × genotype (within provenance) interactions. However, genotypes that showed the largest increases in total dry mass at eCO2 had larger increases in root mass fraction (with larger decreases in SMF) and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) with CO2 enrichment. These results indicate that genetic differences in PNUE and carbon sink utilization (in roots) are both important predictors of tree productivity responsiveness to eCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Chris J Blackman
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Florian A Busch
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Paul D Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - Michael E Loik
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - Renee A Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW, Australia
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11
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Ahmadi Lahijani MJ, Kafi M, Nezami A, Nabati J, Mehrjerdi MZ, Shahkoomahally S, Erwin J. Variations in assimilation rate, photoassimilate translocation, and cellular fine structure of potato cultivars (Solanum Tuberosum L.) exposed to elevated CO 2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:303-313. [PMID: 30036859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to impact the productivity of plants. Cultivars demonstrate different responses to CO2 levels, hence, screening and recognizing the cultivars with a higher capacity for translocation of photoassimilates would certainly be beneficiary. To investigate the interactive impact of enhancing CO2 on physiology, cellular fine structure and photoassimilate translocation of micro-propagated potato plantlets, plantlets (cvs. Agria and Fontane) were grown under ambient (400 ppm) or elevated (800 ppm) CO2 concentrations in controlled environments. These high-yielding cultivars are widely cultivated in Iran and have a wide range of consumption as fresh marketing, French fries, and chips industry. Transmission electron micrographs showed an increase in the length, width, and area of chloroplasts. The number of chloroplasts per cell area was significantly increased in Agria at elevated CO2. Also, there was an increase in mitochondria number in Agria and Fontane. Chloroplast number and Np were increased by a similar magnitude at doubled CO2, while, mitochondria number was increased greater than the leaf Rd enhancement at elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 increased net photosynthesis, dark respiration (Rd), and starch concentration in leaves. However, there was no dramatic change in the leaf soluble carbohydrate content in the plants grown at elevated CO2, apart from at 75 days after transplant (DAT) in Agria. Net photosynthesis remained relatively unchanged for each cultivar throughout the growing season at elevated CO2, which demonstrated more efficient CO2 assimilation to ambient CO2. The greatest starch content was measured at 55 DAT that was accompanied by lower Np and higher Rd. The diminished starch content of leaves was contributed to a lower leaf dry matter as well as a greater tuber dry matter in Fontane. Our results highlighted a variation in photoassimilate translocation between these cultivars, in which Fontane demonstrated a more efficient photoassimilate translocation system at the elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Kafi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nezami
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jafar Nabati
- Research Center of Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - John Erwin
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 305 Alderman Hall, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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12
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Moura BB, Alves ES, Marabesi MA, de Souza SR, Schaub M, Vollenweider P. Ozone affects leaf physiology and causes injury to foliage of native tree species from the tropical Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:912-925. [PMID: 28830051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In southern Brazil, the recent increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations poses an additional threat to the biodiverse but endangered and fragmented remnants of the Atlantic Forest. Given the mostly unknown sensitivity of tropical species to oxidative stress, the principal objective of this study was to determine whether the current O3 levels in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), downwind of São Paulo, affect the native vegetation of forest remnants. Foliar responses to O3 of three tree species typical of the MRC forests were investigated using indoor chamber exposure experiments under controlled conditions and a field survey. Exposure to 70ppb O3 reduced assimilation and leaf conductance but increased respiration in Astronium graveolens while gas exchange in Croton floribundus was little affected. Both A. graveolens and Piptadenia gonoacantha developed characteristic O3-induced injury in the foliage, similar to visible symptoms observed in >30% of trees assessed in the MRC, while C. floribundus remained asymptomatic. The underlying structural symptoms in both O3-exposed and field samples were indicative of oxidative burst, hypersensitive responses, accelerated cell senescence and, primarily in field samples, interaction with photo-oxidative stress. The markers of O3 stress were thus mostly similar to those observed in other regions of the world. Further research is needed, to estimate the proportion of sensitive forest species, the O3 impact on tree growth and stand stability and to detect O3 hot spots where woody species in the Atlantic Forest are mostly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Botanical Institute of São Paulo, P. O. Box 4005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Edenise Segala Alves
- Botanical Institute of São Paulo, P. O. Box 4005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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13
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Pedroso ANV, Alves ES. Temporal dynamics of the cellular events in tobacco leaves exposed in São Paulo, Brazil, indicate oxidative stress by ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6535-45. [PMID: 25563833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum 'Bel-W3' is widely used as an ozone bioindicator species, showing typical necrosis preceded by microscopic markers of oxidative stress. This study aimed to follow the development of symptoms in tobacco exposed in São Paulo highlighting the temporal dynamics of the cellular events. Leaves with and without necrosis were processed according to standard techniques for anatomical analyses. Leaves from the site with higher SUM00 presented thinner palisade parenchyma, fewer layers of spongy parenchyma, higher stomatal density, clusters of vessel elements in the midrib, erosion of cuticular waxes and stomatal damage. The sequence of microscopic events from the third day of exposure were condensation of the cytoplasm in parenchyma tissue, sinuosity of anticlinal walls, pectinaceous cell wall protrusions, chromatin condensation and changes in chlorophyll autofluorescence. On the 14th day of exposure, these events finally led to cell death in the palisade parenchyma and necrosis on the leaf. The markers observed indicated oxidative stress caused by ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nunes Vaz Pedroso
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia, Caixa Postal 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
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14
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Le Gall H, Philippe F, Domon JM, Gillet F, Pelloux J, Rayon C. Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 4:112-66. [PMID: 27135320 PMCID: PMC4844334 DOI: 10.3390/plants4010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the responses of the plant cell wall to several abiotic stresses including drought, flooding, heat, cold, salt, heavy metals, light, and air pollutants. The effects of stress on cell wall metabolism are discussed at the physiological (morphogenic), transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical levels. The analysis of a large set of data shows that the plant response is highly complex. The overall effects of most abiotic stress are often dependent on the plant species, the genotype, the age of the plant, the timing of the stress application, and the intensity of this stress. This shows the difficulty of identifying a common pattern of stress response in cell wall architecture that could enable adaptation and/or resistance to abiotic stress. However, in most cases, two main mechanisms can be highlighted: (i) an increased level in xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin proteins, associated with an increase in the degree of rhamnogalacturonan I branching that maintains cell wall plasticity and (ii) an increased cell wall thickening by reinforcement of the secondary wall with hemicellulose and lignin deposition. Taken together, these results show the need to undertake large-scale analyses, using multidisciplinary approaches, to unravel the consequences of stress on the cell wall. This will help identify the key components that could be targeted to improve biomass production under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyacinthe Le Gall
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Florian Philippe
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Françoise Gillet
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Catherine Rayon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
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15
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Moura BB, Alves ES. Climatic factors influence leaf structure and thereby affect the ozone sensitivity of Ipomoea nil 'Scarlet O'Hara'. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 194:11-16. [PMID: 25078660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity of the leaves can interfere with the plant sensitivity to ozone (O3) toxic effect. This study aimed to assess whether the leaf structure of Ipomoea nil changes due to climatic variations and whether these changes affect the species' sensitivity. Field exposures, in different seasons (winter and spring) were made. The leaves that developed during the winter were thinner, with a lower proportion of photosynthetic tissues, higher proportion of intercellular spaces and lower density and stomatal index compared to those developed during the spring. The temperature and relative humidity positively influenced the leaf thickness and stomatal index. The visible injuries during winter were positively correlated with the palisade parenchyma thickness and negatively correlated with the percentage of spongy parenchyma; during the spring, the symptoms were positively correlated with the stomatal density. In conclusion, the leaf structure of I. nil varied among the seasons, interfering in its sensitivity to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara B Moura
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edenise S Alves
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Karimi E, Ashkani S. Changes in nutritional metabolites of young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in response to elevated carbon dioxide. Molecules 2014; 19:16693-706. [PMID: 25325154 PMCID: PMC6270952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of atmospheric CO2 due to global climate change or horticultural practices has direct and indirect effects on food crop quality. One question that needs to be asked, is whether CO2 enrichment affects the nutritional quality of Malaysian young ginger plants. Responses of total carbohydrate, fructose, glucose, sucrose, protein, soluble amino acids and antinutrients to either ambient (400 μmol/mol) and elevated (800 μmol/mol) CO2 treatments were determined in the leaf and rhizome of two ginger varieties namely Halia Bentong and Halia Bara. Increasing of CO2 level from ambient to elevated resulted in increased content of total carbohydrate, sucrose, glucose, and fructose in the leaf and rhizome of ginger varieties. Sucrose was the major sugar followed by glucose and fructose in the leaf and rhizome extract of both varieties. Elevated CO2 resulted in a reduction of total protein content in the leaf (H. Bentong: 38.0%; H. Bara: 35.4%) and rhizome (H. Bentong: 29.0%; H. Bara: 46.2%). In addition, under CO2 enrichment, the concentration of amino acids increased by approximately 14.5% and 98.9% in H. Bentong and 12.0% and 110.3% in H. Bara leaf and rhizome, respectively. The antinutrient contents (cyanide and tannin) except phytic acid were influenced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by CO2 concentration. Leaf extract of H. Bara exposed to elevated CO2 exhibited highest content of cyanide (336.1 mg HCN/kg DW), while, highest content of tannin (27.5 g/kg DW) and phytic acid (54.1 g/kg DW) were recorded from H.Bara rhizome grown under elevated CO2. These results demonstrate that the CO2 enrichment technique could improve content of some amino acids and antinutrients of ginger as a food crop by enhancing its nutritional and health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sadegh Ashkani
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Top SM, Filley TR. Effects of elevated CO2 on the extractable amino acids of leaf litter and fine roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:1257-1266. [PMID: 24635834 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations can change chemistry and input rate of plant tissue to soil, potentially influencing above- and below-ground biogeochemical cycles. Given the important role played by leaf and root litter chemistry in controlling ecosystem function and vulnerability to environmental stresses, we investigated the hydrolyzable amino acid distribution and concentration in leaf and fine root litter among control and elevated CO2 treatments at the Rhinelander free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment (WI, USA). We extracted hydrolyzable amino acids from leaf litter and fine (< 2 mm) roots at three depths for both control and elevated CO2 plots. We found that elevated CO2 decreased the proportion of total leaf amino acid carbon (C), but had no effect on total leaf amino acid nitrogen (N). There was no treatment effect for total root amino acid N or amino acid C for any depth. The decrease in leaf amino acids is probably a result of the shift of protein compounds to more structural compounds. Despite the decrease in leaf amino acid C concentrations, the overall increase in annual plant production under elevated CO2 would result in an increase in plant amino acids to the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Top
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, & Planetary Sciences, and the Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Timothy R Filley
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, & Planetary Sciences, and the Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Hao X, Li P, Feng Y, Han X, Gao J, Lin E, Han Y. Effects of fully open-air [CO2] elevation on leaf photosynthesis and ultrastructure of Isatis indigotica fort. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74600. [PMID: 24058596 PMCID: PMC3776829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine relies heavily on herbs, yet there is no information on how these herb plants would respond to climate change. In order to gain insight into such response, we studied the effect of elevated [CO2] on Isatis indigotica Fort, one of the most popular Chinese herb plants. The changes in leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf ultrastructure and biomass yield in response to elevated [CO2] (550±19 µmol mol(-1)) were determined at the Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experimental facility in North China. Photosynthetic ability of I. indigotica was improved under elevated [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] increased net photosynthetic rate (P N), water use efficiency (WUE) and maximum rate of electron transport (J max) of upper most fully-expended leaves, but not stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration ratio (Tr) and maximum velocity of carboxylation (V c,max). Elevated [CO2] significantly increased leaf intrinsic efficiency of PSII (Fv'/Fm') and quantum yield of PSII(ΦPS II ), but decreased leaf non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and did not affect leaf proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP) and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). The structural chloroplast membrane, grana layer and stroma thylakoid membranes were intact under elevated [CO2], though more starch grains were accumulated within the chloroplasts than that of under ambient [CO2]. While the yield of I. indigotica was higher due to the improved photosynthesis under elevated [CO2], the content of adenosine, one of the functional ingredients in indigowoad root was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Hao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture on Agro-environment and Climate Change, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (IEDA), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Genetic Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture on Agro-environment and Climate Change, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (IEDA), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture on Agro-environment and Climate Change, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (IEDA), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Gao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture on Agro-environment and Climate Change, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (IEDA), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erda Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture on Agro-environment and Climate Change, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (IEDA), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Genetic Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
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Sun Z, Niinemets Ü, Hüve K, Rasulov B, Noe SM. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to increased whole-plant isoprene emission in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:788-800. [PMID: 23442171 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on plant isoprene emissions are controversial. Relying on leaf-scale measurements, most models simulating isoprene emissions in future higher [CO2] atmospheres suggest reduced emission fluxes. However, combined effects of elevated [CO2] on leaf area growth, net assimilation and isoprene emission rates have rarely been studied on the canopy scale, but stimulation of leaf area growth may largely compensate for possible [CO2] inhibition reported at the leaf scale. This study tests the hypothesis that stimulated leaf area growth leads to increased canopy isoprene emission rates. We studied the dynamics of canopy growth, and net assimilation and isoprene emission rates in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) grown under 380 and 780 μmol mol(-1) [CO2]. A theoretical framework based on the Chapman-Richards function to model canopy growth and numerically compare the growth dynamics among ambient and elevated atmospheric [CO2]-grown plants was developed. Plants grown under elevated [CO2] had higher C : N ratio, and greater total leaf area, and canopy net assimilation and isoprene emission rates. During ontogeny, these key canopy characteristics developed faster and stabilized earlier under elevated [CO2]. However, on a leaf area basis, foliage physiological traits remained in a transient state over the whole experiment. These results demonstrate that canopy-scale dynamics importantly complements the leaf-scale processes, and that isoprene emissions may actually increase under higher [CO2] as a result of enhanced leaf area production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Sun
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Katja Hüve
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, Tartu, 510101, Estonia
| | - Steffen M Noe
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
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Smith AR, Lukac M, Hood R, Healey JR, Miglietta F, Godbold DL. Elevated CO2 enrichment induces a differential biomass response in a mixed species temperate forest plantation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:156-168. [PMID: 23356474 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In a free-air carbon dioxide (CO(2)) enrichment study (BangorFACE), Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica were planted in areas of one-, two- and three-species mixtures (n = 4). The trees were exposed to ambient or elevated CO(2) (580 μmol mol(-1)) for 4 yr, and aboveground growth characteristics were measured. In monoculture, the mean effect of CO(2) enrichment on aboveground woody biomass was + 29, + 22 and + 16% for A. glutinosa, F. sylvatica and B. pendula, respectively. When the same species were grown in polyculture, the response to CO(2) switched to + 10, + 7 and 0% for A. glutinosa, B. pendula and F. sylvatica, respectively. In ambient atmosphere, our species grown in polyculture increased aboveground woody biomass from 12.9 ± 1.4 to 18.9 ± 1.0 kg m(-2), whereas, in an elevated CO(2) atmosphere, aboveground woody biomass increased from 15.2 ± 0.6 to 20.2 ± 0.6 kg m(-2). The overyielding effect of polyculture was smaller (+ 7%) in elevated CO(2) than in an ambient atmosphere (+ 18%). Our results show that the aboveground response to elevated CO(2) is affected significantly by intra- and interspecific competition, and that the elevated CO(2) response may be reduced in forest communities comprising tree species with contrasting functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Smith
- School of the Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Martin Lukac
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Robin Hood
- School of the Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - John R Healey
- School of the Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Franco Miglietta
- IBIMET-CNR, Via Caproni, 8-50145, Firenze, Italy
- FoxLab, Fondazione E. Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele a/Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Douglas L Godbold
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU), 1190, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Besagni C, Kessler F. A mechanism implicating plastoglobules in thylakoid disassembly during senescence and nitrogen starvation. PLANTA 2013. [PMID: 23187680 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobules are lipid droplets present in all plastid types. In chloroplasts, they are connected to the thylakoid membrane by the outer lipid half-bilayer. The plastoglobule core is composed of neutral lipids most prominently the prenylquinones, triacylglycerols, fatty acid phytyl esters but likely also unknown compounds. During stress and various developmental stages such as senescence, plastoglobule size and number increase due to the accumulation of lipids. However, their role is not limited to lipid storage. Indeed, the characterization of the plastoglobule proteome revealed the presence of enzymes. Importantly it has been demonstrated that these participate in isoprenoid lipid metabolic pathways at the plastoglobule, notably in the metabolism of prenylquinones. Recently, the characterization of two phytyl ester synthases has established a firm metabolic link between PG enzymatic activity and thylakoid disassembly during chloroplast senescence and nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Besagni
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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22
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Eugeni Piller L, Abraham M, Dörmann P, Kessler F, Besagni C. Plastid lipid droplets at the crossroads of prenylquinone metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1609-18. [PMID: 22371323 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets called plastoglobules (PGs) exist in most plant tissues and plastid types. In chloroplasts, the polar lipid monolayer surrounding these low-density lipoprotein particles is continuous with the outer lipid leaflet of the thylakoid membrane. Often small clusters of two or three PGs, only one of them directly connected to thylakoids, are present. Structural proteins (known as plastid-lipid associated proteins/fibrillins or plastoglobulins) together with lipid metabolic enzymes coat the PGs. The hydrophobic core of PGs contains a range of neutral lipids including the prenylquinones [tocopherols (vitamin E), phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)), and plastoquinone (PQ-9)]. In this review the function of PGs and their associated enzymes in prenylquinone metabolism will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Eugeni Piller
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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23
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Hossain Z, Nouri MZ, Komatsu S. Plant Cell Organelle Proteomics in Response to Abiotic Stress. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:37-48. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200863r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Hossain
- National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
- Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol 46191-91951, Iran
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Bohler S, Sergeant K, Hoffmann L, Dizengremel P, Hausman JF, Renaut J, Jolivet Y. A difference gel electrophoresis study on thylakoids isolated from poplar leaves reveals a negative impact of ozone exposure on membrane proteins. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3003-11. [PMID: 21520910 DOI: 10.1021/pr1012009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Populus tremula L. x P. alba L. (Populus x canescens (Aiton) Smith), clone INRA 717-1-B4, saplings were subjected to 120 ppb ozone exposure for 28 days. Chloroplasts were isolated, and the membrane proteins, solubilized using the detergent 1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC), were analyzed in a difference gel electrophoresis (DiGE) experiment comparing control versus ozone-exposed plants. Extrinsic photosystem (PS) proteins and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) subunits were detected to vary in abundance. The general trend was a decrease in abundance, except for ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR), which increased after the first 7 days of exposure. The up-regulation of FNR would increase NAPDH production for reducing power and detoxification inside and outside of the chloroplast. Later on, FNR and a number of PS and ATPase subunits decrease in abundance. This could be the result of oxidative processes on chloroplast proteins but could also be a way to down-regulate photochemical reactions in response to an inhibition in Calvin cycle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Bohler
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies, CRP-Gabriel Lippmann, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, GD, Luxembourg.
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Jia Y, Tang SR, Ju XH, Shu LN, Tu SX, Feng RW, Giusti L. Effects of elevated CO(2) levels on root morphological traits and Cd uptakes of two Lolium species under Cd stress. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2011; 12:313-25. [PMID: 21462388 PMCID: PMC3072595 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of elevated CO(2) levels and cadmium (Cd) on the root morphological traits and Cd accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium perenne L. exposed to two CO(2) levels (360 and 1 000 μl/L) and three Cd levels (0, 4, and 16 mg/L) under hydroponic conditions. The results show that elevated levels of CO(2) increased shoot biomass more, compared to root biomass, but decreased Cd concentrations in all plant tissues. Cd exposure caused toxicity to both Lolium species, as shown by the restrictions of the root morphological parameters including root length, surface area, volume, and tip numbers. These parameters were significantly higher under elevated levels of CO(2) than under ambient CO(2), especially for the number of fine roots. The increases in magnitudes of those parameters triggered by elevated levels of CO(2) under Cd stress were more than those under non-Cd stress, suggesting an ameliorated Cd stress under elevated levels of CO(2). The total Cd uptake per pot, calculated on the basis of biomass, was significantly greater under elevated levels of CO(2) than under ambient CO(2). Ameliorated Cd toxicity, decreased Cd concentration, and altered root morphological traits in both Lolium species under elevated levels of CO(2) may have implications in food safety and phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shi-rong Tang
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xue-hai Ju
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Li-na Shu
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shu-xing Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ren-wei Feng
- Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Remediation, Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
- Open Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Food Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lorenzino Giusti
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Darbah JNT, Jones WS, Burton AJ, Nagy J, Kubiske ME. Acute O3 damage on first year coppice sprouts of aspen and maple sprouts in an open-air experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2436-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Darbah JNT, Kubiske ME, Nelson N, Kets K, Riikonen J, Sober A, Rouse L, Karnosky DF. Will photosynthetic capacity of aspen trees acclimate after long-term exposure to elevated CO2 and O3? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:983-991. [PMID: 19910096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic acclimation under elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and/or ozone (O(3)) has been the topic of discussion in many papers recently. We examined whether or not aspen plants grown under elevated CO(2) and/or O(3) will acclimate after 11 years of exposure at the Aspen Face site in Rhinelander, WI, USA. We studied diurnal patterns of instantaneous photosynthetic measurements as well as A/C(i) measurements monthly during the 2004-2008 growing seasons. Our results suggest that the responses of two aspen clones differing in O(3) sensitivity showed no evidence of photosynthetic and stomatal acclimation under either elevated CO(2), O(3) or CO(2) + O(3). Both clones 42E and 271 did not show photosynthetic nor stomatal acclimation under elevated CO(2) and O(3) after a decade of exposure. We found that the degree of increase or decrease in the photosynthesis and stomatal conductance varied significantly from day to day and from one season to another.
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28
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Szymańska R, Kruk J. Plastoquinol is the main prenyllipid synthesized during acclimation to high light conditions in Arabidopsis and is converted to plastochromanol by tocopherol cyclase. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:537-45. [PMID: 20164151 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved various strategies to acclimate to high light conditions at different levels of organization. High light stress stimulates synthesis of different antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight antioxidants, mainly in chloroplasts. In the present studies we showed that plastoquinol, in addition to alpha-tocopherol, is the main lipid-soluble antioxidant synthesized during acclimation of Arabidopsis plants to high light conditions. The level of plastoquinol increased >10-fold and independently of tocopherols, as revealed using tocopherol biosynthetic mutants. The high light-induced increase in plastoquinol level was mainly attributable to the photochemically non-active fraction of this compound localized in plastoglobuli, which are the storage site of prenyllipids for their antioxidant action. Our data also revealed that tocopherol cyclase is required for plastochromanol biosynthesis from plastoquinol in vivo. Plastochromanol accumulated in increasing amounts in leaves during growth and it was also identified in seeds. The obtained data suggest that plastochromanol may, similarly to other prenyllipids, fulfill antioxidant function in leaves and seeds, especially during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szymańska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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29
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Borowiak K, Zbierska J, Drapikowska M. Differences in morpho-anatomical structure of ozone-sensitive and ozone-resistant tobacco cultivars. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2010; 61:90-100. [PMID: 20194102 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2010.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone causes visible injuries in selected plants. Some plant species have been recognized as resistant and sensitive to ozone. Differences in the response to ozone of two kinds of plants are interesting because of practical implications. Resistant cultivars (without visible symptoms) will be more valuable for agriculture, forestry and horticulture. It is, however, necessary to find out the reason of the occurrence of the visible symptoms. The presented studies focused on selected morphological and anatomical differences between well-known ozone-sensitive (Bel W3) and -resistant (Bel B) cultivars of tobacco plants. Daily growth of the sensitive cultivar was higher than that of the resistant one. This tendency was also valid for the leaf growth which might have been the response of the sensitive cultivar to decreased photosynthetic leaf area (necrosis) caused by ozone. Morphological investigations revealed thinner upper epidermal cells in the sensitive cultivar. Moreover, a decrease of spongy mesophyll cell layers was observed. The obtained results suggest that it is the anatomical structure that may be partly responsible for ozone resistance - wider epidermal cells, more spongy mesophyll cell layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Borowiak
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Piatkowska 94C, 60-649 Poznan, Poland.
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30
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Wilkins O, Waldron L, Nahal H, Provart NJ, Campbell MM. Genotype and time of day shape the Populus drought response. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 60:703-15. [PMID: 19682285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As exposure to episodic drought can impinge significantly on forest health and the establishment of productive tree plantations, there is great interest in understanding the mechanisms of drought response in trees. The ecologically dominant and economically important genus Populus, with its sequenced genome, provides an ideal opportunity to examine transcriptome level changes in trees in response to a drought stimulus. The transcriptome level drought response of two commercially important Populus clones (P. deltoides x P. nigra, DN34, and P. nigra x P. maximowiczii, NM6) was characterized over a diurnal period using a 4 x 2 x 2 complete randomized factorial anova experimental design (four time points, two genotypes and two treatment conditions), using Affymetrix Poplar GeneChip microarrays. Notably, the specific genes that exhibited changes in transcript abundance in response to drought differed between the genotypes and/or the time of day that they exhibited their greatest differences. This study emphasizes the fact that it is not possible to draw simple, generalized conclusions about the drought response of the genus Populus on the basis of one species, nor on the basis of results collected at a single time point. The data derived from our studies provide insights into the variety of genetic mechanisms underpinning the Populus drought response, and provide candidates for future experiments aimed at understanding this response across this economically and ecologically important genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wilkins
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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31
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Lee EH, Tingey DT, Waschmann RS, Phillips DL, Olszyk DM, Johnson MG, Hogsett WE. Seasonal and long-term effects of CO2 and O3 on water loss in ponderosa pine and their interaction with climate and soil moisture. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:1381-1393. [PMID: 19748912 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Evapotranspiration (ET) is driven by evaporative demand, available solar energy and soil moisture (SM) as well as by plant physiological activity which may be substantially affected by elevated CO2 and O3. A multi-year study was conducted in outdoor sunlit-controlled environment mesocosm containing ponderosa pine seedlings growing in a reconstructed soil-litter system. The study used a 2 x 2 factorial design with two concentrations of CO2 (ambient and elevated), two levels of O3 (low and high) and three replicates of each treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of chronic exposure to elevated CO2 and O3, alone and in combination, on daily ET. This study evaluated three hypotheses: (i) because elevated CO2 stimulates stomatal closure, O3 effects on ET will be less under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2; (ii) elevated CO2 will ameliorate the long-term effects of O3 on ET; and (iii) because conductance (g) decreases with decreasing SM, the impacts of elevated CO2 and O3, alone and in combination, on water loss via g will be greater in early summer when SM is not limiting than to other times of the year. A mixed-model covariance analysis was used to adjust the daily ET for seasonality and the effects of SM and photosynthetically active radiation when testing for the effects of CO2 and O3 on ET via the vapor pressure deficit gradient. The empirical results indicated that the interactive stresses of elevated CO2 and O3 resulted in a lesser reduction in ET via reduced canopy conductance than the sum of the individual effects of each gas. CO2-induced reductions in ET were more pronounced when trees were physiologically most active. O3-induced reductions in ET under ambient CO2 were likely transpirational changes via reduced conductance because needle area and root biomass were not affected by exposures to elevated O3 in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Henry Lee
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
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32
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Velikova V, Tsonev T, Barta C, Centritto M, Koleva D, Stefanova M, Busheva M, Loreto F. BVOC emissions, photosynthetic characteristics and changes in chloroplast ultrastructure of Platanus orientalis L. exposed to elevated CO2 and high temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:2629-2637. [PMID: 19477569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the interactive effects of increasing [CO(2)] and heat wave occurrence on isoprene (IE) and methanol (ME) emissions, Platanus orientalis was grown for one month in ambient (380 micromol mol(-1)) or elevated (800 micromol mol(-1)) [CO(2)] and exposed to high temperature (HT) (38 degrees C/4 h). In pre-existing leaves, IE emissions were always higher but ME emissions lower as compared to newly-emerged leaves. They were both stimulated by HT. Elevated [CO(2)] significantly reduced IE in both leaf types, whereas it increased ME in newly-emerged leaves only. In newly-emerged leaves, elevated [CO(2)] decreased photosynthesis and altered the chloroplast ultrastructure and membrane integrity. These harmful effects were amplified by HT. HT did not cause any unfavorable effects in pre-existing leaves, which were characterized by inherently higher IE rates. We conclude that: (1) these results further prove the isoprene's putative thermo-protective role of membranes; (2) HT may likely outweigh the inhibitory effects of elevated [CO(2)] on IE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Acad. G. Bonchev, Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Hartikainen K, Nerg AM, Kivimäenpää M, Kontunen-Soppela S, Mäenpää M, Oksanen E, Rousi M, Holopainen T. Emissions of volatile organic compounds and leaf structural characteristics of European aspen (Populus tremula) grown under elevated ozone and temperature. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:1163-1173. [PMID: 19448266 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Northern forest trees are challenged to adapt to changing climate, including global warming and increasing tropospheric ozone (O(3)) concentrations. Both elevated O(3) and temperature can cause significant changes in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions as well as in leaf anatomy that can be related to adaptation or increased stress tolerance, or are signs of damage. Impacts of moderately elevated O(3) (1.3x ambient) and temperature (ambient + 1 degrees C), alone and in combination, on VOC emissions and leaf structure of two genotypes (2.2 and 5.2) of European aspen (Populus tremula L.) were studied in an open-field experiment in summer 2007. The impact of O(3) on measured variables was minor, but elevated temperature significantly increased emissions of total monoterpenes and green leaf volatiles. Genotypic differences in the responses to warming treatment were also observed. alpha-Pinene emission, which has been suggested to protect plants from elevated temperature, increased from genotype 5.2 only. Isoprene emission from genotype 2.2 decreased, whereas genotype 5.2 was able to retain high isoprene emission level also under elevated temperature. Elevated temperature also caused formation of thinner leaves, which was related to thinning of epidermis, palisade and spongy layers as well as reduced area of palisade cells. We consider aspen genotype 5.2 to have better potential for adaptation to increasing temperature because of thicker photosynthetic active palisade layer and higher isoprene and alpha-pinene emission levels compared to genotype 2.2. Our results show that even a moderate elevation in temperature is efficient enough to cause notable changes in VOC emissions and leaf structure of these aspen genotypes, possibly indicating the effort of the saplings to adapt to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Hartikainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Cseke LJ, Tsai CJ, Rogers A, Nelsen MP, White HL, Karnosky DF, Podila GK. Transcriptomic comparison in the leaves of two aspen genotypes having similar carbon assimilation rates but different partitioning patterns under elevated [CO2]. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 182:891-911. [PMID: 19383098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the leaf transcription profiles, physiological characteristics and primary metabolites of two Populus tremuloides genotypes (clones 216 and 271) known to differ in their responses to long-term elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) at the Aspen free-air CO2 enrichment site near Rhinelander, WI, USA. The physiological responses of these clones were similar in terms of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf area index under e[CO2], yet very different in terms of growth enhancement (0-10% in clone 216; 40-50% in clone 271). Although few genes responded to long-term exposure to e[CO2], the transcriptional activity of leaf e[CO2]-responsive genes was distinctly different between the clones, differentially impacting multiple pathways during both early and late growing seasons. An analysis of transcript abundance and carbon/nitrogen biochemistry suggested that the CO2-responsive clone (271) partitions carbon into pathways associated with active defense/response to stress, carbohydrate/starch biosynthesis and subsequent growth. The CO2-unresponsive clone (216) partitions carbon into pathways associated with passive defense (e.g. lignin, phenylpropanoid) and cell wall thickening. This study indicates that there is significant variation in expression patterns between different tree genotypes in response to long-term exposure to e[CO2]. Consequently, future efforts to improve productivity or other advantageous traits for carbon sequestration should include an examination of genetic variability in CO2 responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland J Cseke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew P Nelsen
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Holly L White
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - David F Karnosky
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Gopi K Podila
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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35
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Geissler N, Hussin S, Koyro HW. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ameliorates effects of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and leaf structure of Aster tripolium L. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 60:137-51. [PMID: 19036838 PMCID: PMC3071763 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the interaction of NaCl-salinity and elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration on gas exchange, leaf pigment composition, and leaf ultrastructure of the potential cash crop halophyte Aster tripolium. The plants were irrigated with five different salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100% seawater salinity) under ambient and elevated (520 ppm) CO(2). Under saline conditions (ambient CO(2)) stomatal and mesophyll resistance increased, leading to a significant decrease in photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) and to an increase in oxidative stress. The latter was indicated by dilations of the thylakoid membranes and an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Oxidative stress could be counteracted by thicker epidermal cell walls of the leaves, a thicker cuticle, a reduced chlorophyll content, an increase in the chlorophyll a/b ratio and a transient decline of the photosynthetic efficiency. Elevated CO(2) led to a significant increase in photosynthesis and WUE. The improved water and energy supply was used to increase the investment in mechanisms reducing water loss and oxidative stress (thicker cell walls and cuticles, a higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content, higher SOD activity), resulting in more intact thylakoids. As these mechanisms can improve survival under salinity, A. tripolium seems to be a promising cash crop halophyte which can help in desalinizing and reclaiming degraded land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Geissler
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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36
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Karlsson PE, Braun S, Broadmeadow M, Elvira S, Emberson L, Gimeno BS, Le Thiec D, Novak K, Oksanen E, Schaub M, Uddling J, Wilkinson M. Risk assessments for forest trees: the performance of the ozone flux versus the AOT concepts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 146:608-16. [PMID: 16938368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Published ozone exposure-response relationships from experimental studies with young trees performed at different sites across Europe were re-analysed in order to test the performance of ozone exposure indices based on AOTX (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of X nmol mol(-1)) and AF(st)Y (Accumulated Stomatal Flux above a threshold of Y nmol m(-2) s(-1)). AF(st)1.6 was superior, as compared to AOT40, for explaining biomass reductions, when ozone sensitive species with differing leaf morphology were included in the analysis, while this was not the case for less sensitive species. A re-analysis of data with young black cherry trees, subject to different irrigation regimes, indicated that leaf visible injuries were more strongly related to the estimated stomatal ozone uptake, as compared to the ozone concentration in the air. Experimental data with different clones of silver birch indicated that leaf thickness was also an important factor influencing the development of ozone induced leaf visible injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Karlsson
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), PO Box 5302, S-400 14, Göteborg, Sweden.
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37
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Olmos E, Sánchez-Blanco MJ, Ferrández T, Alarcón JJ. Subcellular effects of drought stress in Rosmarinus officinalis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2007; 9:77-84. [PMID: 17006799 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of Rosmarinus officinalis, and other wild plant species, in the Mediterranean area is an interesting solution in order to avoid the desertification and rapid soil erosion, because of their good resistance to environmental conditions. Previous articles have described experiments designed to determine the impact of water stress at the plant level in this species, but more knowledge is required at the subcellular and ultrastructural levels. An anatomic and ultrastructural study of the leaves was conducted on Rosmarinus officinalis plants growing under different water treatments. In the leaves of water-stressed plants, the leaf water potential and turgor decreased, and leaf osmotic potential became more negative with respect to control plants. The anatomic investigations showed that both the mesophyll intercellular spaces and the epidermal cell size were reduced significantly under the more intense drought stress conditions. At the subcellular level, chloroplasts accumulated plastoglobuli and lipid bodies, and cuticle thickness was increased under water stress. In our experiment, the anatomic and ultrastructural modifications of Rosmarinus officinalis could be considered an additional adaptation to drought stress together with physiological and biochemical modifications as antioxidant accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Olmos
- Departamento de Nutrición, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.
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38
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Kessler F, Vidi PA. Plastoglobule lipid bodies: their functions in chloroplasts and their potential for applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 107:153-72. [PMID: 17522825 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobules are plant lipid bodies localized inside plastids. They have long been considered as mere lipid storage compartments. However, ultrastructural and proteomic data now suggest their involvement in various metabolic pathways, notably the biosynthesis of tocopherols. In this work, the current knowledge on the structure and functions of plastoglobules is reviewed. On the basis of similarities between plastoglobules and seed oleosomes, the potential of plastoglobules for bioengineering applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kessler
- Institute of Botany, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, CP158, 2009, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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39
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Li P, Mane SP, Sioson AA, Robinet CV, Heath LS, Bohnert HJ, Grene R. Effects of chronic ozone exposure on gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes and in Thellungiella halophila. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2006; 29:854-68. [PMID: 17087469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana (At) ecotypes Columbia-0 (Col-0), Wassilewskija (WS), Cape Verde Islands (Cvi-0) and a relative, Thellungiella halophila (Th), were exposed to 20-25% over ambient ozone [O3] in a free air concentration enrichment (FACE) experiment (http://www.soyFACE. uiuc.edu), mirroring increases expected in the near future. Col-0 and WS accelerated development and developed lesions within 10 d under increased ozone, while Cvi-0 and Th grew slowly. RNAs were used in microarray hybridizations (Col-0-based 26 000 elements, 70-mer oligonucleotides). A two-step analysis of variance (ANOVA) model, including comparison with values obtained under [O3], was used for analyses. WS showed the greatest number of changes in gene expression in response to ozone. Th showed the least changes, suggesting that its expression state at [O3] was sufficient for resistance at increased ozone. Patterns observed in ambient air controls for Cvi-0 and Col-0 were most similar, while Th showed the greatest number of differences compared with the other controls. Compared with Col-0, however, Cvi-0 showed higher levels of expression of chaperones, receptor kinase-like and photosynthesis-related genes in ambient air. Cvi-0 exhibited ozone-mediated changes in a pathway involving AtSR, a homologue of the mammalian NF kappa B family of redox-sensitive transcription factors, changes in chaperones, WRKY and C2H2 proteins and antioxidants. WS displayed ozone-mediated decreases in the expression of two AtSR/NF kappa B family members, C2-domain proteins and genes associated with cell wall growth and changes in the expression of marker genes for programmed cell death (PCD), among them RCD1, a key regulator in this pathway. Microarray data were verified by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. We relate O3-response diversity across the four lines to different responses among signaling and transcriptional response networks and differences in gene expression at [O3] levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Li
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 1201 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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40
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Tropospheric ozone-induced structural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls in grapevine plants. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Teng N, Wang J, Chen T, Wu X, Wang Y, Lin J. Elevated CO2 induces physiological, biochemical and structural changes in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 172:92-103. [PMID: 16945092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under elevated or ambient CO2 (700 or 370 micromol mol(-1), respectively) were examined for physiological, biochemical and structural changes. Stomatal characters, carbohydrate and mineral nutrient concentrations, leaf ultrastructure and plant hormone content were investigated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Elevated CO2 reduced the stomatal density and stomatal index of leaves, and also reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Elevated CO2 increased chloroplast number, width and profile area, and starch grain size and number, but reduced the number of grana thylakoid membranes. Under elevated CO2, the concentrations of carbohydrates and plant hormones, with the exception of abscisic acid, increased whereas mineral nutrient concentrations declined. These results suggest that the changes in chloroplast ultrastructure may primarily be a consequence of increased starch accumulation. Accelerated A. thaliana growth and development in elevated CO2 could in part be attributed to increased foliar concentrations of plant hormones. The reductions in mineral nutrient concentrations may be a result of dilution by increased concentrations of carbohydrates and also of decreases in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianjun Teng
- Key laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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42
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J. Mattson W, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Herms DA. CO2 enrichment and carbon partitioning to phenolics: do plant responses accord better with the protein competition or the growth differentiation balance models? OIKOS 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Almeida JM, Fidalgo F, Confraria A, Santos A, Pires H, Santos I. Effect of hydrogen peroxide on catalase gene expression, isoform activities and levels in leaves of potato sprayed with homobrassinolide and ultrastructural changes in mesophyll cells. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2005; 32:707-720. [PMID: 32689169 DOI: 10.1071/fp04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on catalase (CAT) isoform activities and amounts and on mRNA levels was studied in leaves from potato plants untreated and treated with homobrassinolide (HBR). Northern blot analysis revealed that 100 mm H2O2 supplied through the leaf petiole for 4 h did not induce CAT expression. In contrast, CAT1 and CAT2 responded differently to longer treatment, as CAT2 transcript levels increased markedly whereas CAT1 transcript levels remained unchanged. Western blot analysis showed disparity between the level of CAT1 transcript and CAT1 amount, which actually decreased after 28 h. CAT2 amount correlated well with transcript accumulation and CAT2 activity as visualised by zymogram analysis. H2O2 modified the relative importance of CAT isoforms. After 4 h, CAT1 was prevalent in untreated and H2O2-treated leaves. After 28 h, CAT2 was prevalent in H2O2-treated leaves; therefore, the quantified increase in total CAT activity in these leaves was due to the rise in CAT2. HBR pre-treatment increased CAT2 basal level not changing the pattern of CAT responses to H2O2, only lowering its amplitude. Even so, ultrastructural studies showed that HBR significantly reduced H2O2 negative effects on cellular sub-structures, allowing better recovery of affected structures and reducing the macroscopic injury symptoms on leaves, thus data point to a HBR protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Almeida
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Confraria
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arlete Santos
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Pires
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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44
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Reig-Armiñana J, Calatayud V, Cerveró J, García-Breijo FJ, Ibars A, Sanz MJ. Effects of ozone on the foliar histology of the mastic plant (Pistacia lentiscus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2004; 132:321-331. [PMID: 15312944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Accepted: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An open-top chamber study was conducted to investigate the tissue and cellular-level foliar effects of ozone (O3) on a Mediterranean evergreen species, the mastic plant (Pistacia lentiscus L.). Plants were exposed at three different O3 levels, and leaf samples were collected periodically from the beginning of the exposure. Although no visible foliar injury was evident, alterations of the plastids and vacuoles in the mesophyll were observed. Senescence processes were accelerated with an anomalous stacking of tannin vacuoles, and a reduction in the size and number of the chloroplasts. Overall, most of the modifications induced by O3 were consistent with previously reported observations on deciduous broadleaf species, with the exception of alterations in the cells covering the secretory channels, reported here as a new finding. Comments on the feasibility of using microscopy to validate O3 related field observations and subtle foliar injury are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reig-Armiñana
- Laboratorio de Anatomía e Histología Vegetal "Julio Iranzo", Jardín Botánico, Universitat de València, c/Quart, 80, 46008 Valencia, Spain.
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45
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Oksanen E, Häikiö E, Sober J, Karnosky DF. Ozone-induced H 2 O 2 accumulation in field-grown aspen and birch is linked to foliar ultrastructure and peroxisomal activity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 161:791-799. [PMID: 33873720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2003.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Saplings of three aspen (Populus tremuloides) genotypes and seedlings of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) were exposed to elevated ozone (1.5× ambient) and 560 p.p.m. CO2 , singly and in combination, from 1998 at the Aspen-FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment) site (Rhinelander, USA). • The plants were studied for H2 O2 accumulation within the leaf mesophyll, number of peroxisomes, level of gene expression for catalase (Cat), and changes in ultrastructure. • In tolerant clones, ozone-elicited excess H2 O2 production was restricted to the apoplast, without any ultrastructural injuries. This was associated with ozone-induced proliferation of peroxisomes and increased transcript levels of Cat. In sensitive plants, ozone-induced H2 O2 accumulation continued from the cell wall to the plasma membrane, cytosol and chloroplasts, particularly in older leaves. However, chloroplastic precipitation was absent in the presence of elevated CO2 . In the most sensitive aspen clone, H2 O2 accumulation was found in conjunction with chloroplast injuries, low number of peroxisomes and low cell wall volume, whereas in birch a simultaneous increase in cell wall thickness indicated defence activation. • Our results indicate that oxidative stress manifests as H2 O2 effects on leaf ultrastructure in sensitive trees exposed to elevated ozone. However, CO2 enrichment appears to alleviate chloroplastic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Oksanen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Häikiö
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Sober
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - D F Karnosky
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Karnosky D, Zak D, Pregitzer K, Awmack C, Bockheim J, Dickson R, Hendrey G, Host G, King J, Kopper B, Kruger E, Kubiske M, Lindroth R, Mattson W, Mcdonald E, Noormets A, Oksanen E, Parsons W, Percy K, Podila G, Riemenschneider D, Sharma P, Thakur R, Sôber A, Sôber J, Jones W, Anttonen S, Vapaavuori E, Mankovska B, Heilman W, Isebrands J. Tropospheric O3
moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2
: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project. Funct Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Oksanen E. Responses of selected birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones to ozone change over time. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2003; 26:875-886. [PMID: 12803615 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A long-term free air ozone fumigation experiment was conducted to study changes in physiological ozone responses during tree ontogeny and exposure time in ozone sensitive and tolerant clones of European white birch (Betula pendula Roth), originated from south and central Finland. The trees were grown in soil in natural microclimatic conditions under ambient ozone (control) and 1.4-1.7 x ambient (elevated) ozone from May 1996 to October 2001, and were measured for stem and foliage growth, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, stomatal density, visible injuries, foliar starch content and bud formation. After 6 years of exposure, the magnitude of ozone-induced growth reductions in the sensitive clone was 12-48% (significant difference), levels similar or greater than those reported earlier for 2- and 3-year-old saplings undergoing shorter exposures. In the tolerant clone, growth of these larger trees was reduced by 1-38% (significant difference in stem volume), although the saplings had previously been unaffected. In both clones, ozone stress led to significantly reduced leaf-level net photosynthesis but significantly increased stomatal conductance rates during the late summer, resulting in a lower carbon gain for bud formation and the onset of visible foliar injuries. Increasing ozone sensitivity with duration of exposure was explained by a change in growth form (relatively reduced foliage mass), a lower photosynthesis to stomatal conductance ratio during the late summer, and deleterious carry-over effects arising from the reduced number of over-wintering buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Oksanen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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