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Zhang J, Hanson AN, Piehler TF, Ha T. Coercive Parent-Adolescent Interactions Predict Substance use and Antisocial Behaviors Through Early Adulthood: A Dynamic Systems Perspective. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:141-154. [PMID: 37458901 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
This study revisits the association between coercive parent-adolescent interactions and adolescent externalizing behaviors. Specifically, we investigate the moment-to-moment coercive exchanges between parents and adolescents and how these dynamic processes map to the long-term development of substance use and antisocial behavior from middle adolescence to early adulthood. We collected videotaped observations with 794 adolescents (ages 16-17 years) and their parents during interactions and coded their real-time behavioral exchanges. State Space Grid analyses were used to measure the proportion of time in which each parent-adolescent dyad engaged in the Dyadic Coercion region as an indicator of rigidity in dyadic coercion. We also measured adolescents' substance use and antisocial behavior at ages 16-17, ages 18-19, and ages 21-22. The enduring impact of parent-adolescent coercive interaction on substance use and antisocial behavior was tested using categorical latent growth curve models and path models. Adolescents with more coercive interactions with parents showed higher rates of increase in alcohol use and higher levels of antisocial behavior through early adulthood. The findings highlight the unique contribution of using intensive data to understand coercive interactions on a micro-timescale and how these dynamics influence long-term development in externalizing behaviors. Implications for intervention studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Zhang
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Alexandra N Hanson
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Timothy F Piehler
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
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2
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de Wit K, Begeman M, Noordkamp W, Sligte IG, Ghafoerkhan RS, Kallen VL. The effect of individual characteristics on susceptibility to aggressive and/or intimidating approaches: quantifying probability pathways by creating a victimization model. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2263147. [PMID: 38088188 PMCID: PMC10990447 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2263147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A significant body of literature has identified multiple factors that contribute to established victimization by aggressive and/or intimidating behaviours. These studies primarily originate from the fields of intimate partner violence (IPV), bullying, sexual abuse, and/or commercial sexual exploitation (CSE), and generally focus on female victims. It appears, however, complicated to quantify the cumulative contribution of these factors on susceptibility to intimidating and/or hostile engagements on an individual level.Objective: To develop a comprehensive risk model to quantify, on an individual level, the cumulative effects of previously reported characteristics on susceptibility to aggressive/intimidating approaches, leading to victimization (e.g. in the context of IPV/sexual abuse).Methods: A Bayesian belief network was developed using data from previous studies, capturing the multivariate contribution of previously reported characteristics on the likelihood of becoming victimized by aggressive and/or intimidating approaches (e.g. in the IPV/CSE context) in female victims aged 12-24 years.Results: The model showed that specific combinations of characteristics may contribute to an increased likelihood of victimization (e.g. in the context of IPV/bullying/sexual abuse or CSE). This likelihood could be quantified and categorized into specific clusters of factors differentiating between victimization by physically violent, non-physical, and/or sexual aggressive/intimidating approaches.Conclusion: The present model appears to be the first to successfully quantify the cumulative contribution of individual characteristics on the likelihood of becoming victimized by aggressive and/or intimidating approaches, typically leading to victimization. Moreover, the present scientific effort and resulting model suggest that there may be a latent variable mediating between the implemented factors and overall outcome, i.e. the susceptibility to aggressive and/or intimidating approaches. From that perspective, the model may also be considered as an initial outline to effectively indicate susceptibility to such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay de Wit
- Department of Human Behaviour and Training, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Sciences (TNO), Soesterberg, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Social & Behavioural Sciences, Department of Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Begeman
- Department of Human Behaviour and Training, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Sciences (TNO), Soesterberg, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Noordkamp
- Department of Military Operations, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Sciences (TNO), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja G. Sligte
- Faculty of Social & Behavioural Sciences, Department of Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rina S. Ghafoerkhan
- ARQ Centrum'45, ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Diemen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor L. Kallen
- Department of Human Behaviour and Training, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Sciences (TNO), Soesterberg, the Netherlands
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Cauffman E, Gillespie ML, Beardslee J, Davis F, Hernandez M, Williams T. Adolescent Contact, Lasting Impact? Lessons Learned From Two Longitudinal Studies Spanning 20 Years of Developmental Science Research With Justice-System-Involved Youths. Psychol Sci Public Interest 2023; 24:133-161. [PMID: 38236945 PMCID: PMC10799550 DOI: 10.1177/15291006231205173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we summarize key findings from 20 years of research conducted at the intersection of developmental psychology and juvenile justice in the United States. We predominantly examine data from two large-scale, multisite longitudinal studies involving justice-system-involved adolescents-the Pathways to Desistance study and the Crossroads study. Topics of discussion include predictors of offending and desistance from crime; youth outcomes and psychosocial needs; and emerging research, programs, and policy initiatives. First, individual-level (e.g., age, psychosocial maturity) and contextual-level (e.g., antisocial peers, exposure to violence) risk factors associated with offending are explored. Second, we discuss short-term and long-term outcomes of justice-system contact for youths engaging in moderate offenses. We highlight main findings from the Crossroads study indicating that youths who are sanctioned by the justice system at their first arrest have worse outcomes than youths who are diverted from formal processing. Additionally, we discuss the high prevalence of youths' exposure to violence and mental health disorders as well as the differential treatment of youths of color in the justice system. Third, we extend the conversation to justice-system-involved young adults and discuss emerging, innovative legal solutions, including young adult courts. Last, we discuss real-world implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie L Gillespie
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jordan Beardslee
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Frank Davis
- Alternate Public Defender's Office, Orange County, California
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Prignitz M, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Artiges E, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Robinson L, Smolka MN, Walter H, Winterer JM, Whelan R, Schumann G, Nees F, Flor H, Consortium OBOTIMAGEN. The Role of Empathy in Alcohol Use of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims: Lower Personal Empathic Distress Makes Male Perpetrators of Bullying More Vulnerable to Alcohol Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6286. [PMID: 37444132 PMCID: PMC10341197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Bullying often results in negative coping in victims, including an increased consumption of alcohol. Recently, however, an increase in alcohol use has also been reported among perpetrators of bullying. The factors triggering this pattern are still unclear. We investigated the role of empathy in the interaction between bullying and alcohol use in an adolescent sample (IMAGEN) at age 13.97 (±0.53) years (baseline (BL), N = 2165, 50.9% female) and age 16.51 (±0.61) years (follow-up 1 (FU1), N = 1185, 54.9% female). General empathic distress served as a significant moderator of alcohol use in perpetrators (F9, 493 = 17.978, p < 0.01), which was specific for males and FU1. Male perpetrators, who are generally less sensitive to distress, might thus be more vulnerable to alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Prignitz
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 “Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie”, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 “Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie”, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 “Trajectoires Développementales en Psychiatrie”, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, 91150 Etampes, France
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lauren Robinson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section for Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanne M. Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Frauke Nees
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
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Tetteh-Quarshie S, Risher ML. Adolescent brain maturation and the neuropathological effects of binge drinking: A critical review. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1040049. [PMID: 36733924 PMCID: PMC9887052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional stage marked by continued brain development. This period is accompanied by physical and neurochemical modifications in the shape and function of the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and other limbic system structures. Brain maturation during adolescence, which is typically governed by intrinsic factors, can be dramatically altered by environmental influences such as drugs and alcohol. Unlike many other addictive substances, binge drinking is very common and normative among teenagers and young adults. This repeated pattern of excessive alcohol consumption in adolescents has been shown to cause behavioral changes and neurocognitive impairments that include increased anxiety, risky decision-making, and learning deficits, which could lead to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). This manuscript highlights factors that lead to adolescent binge drinking, discusses maturational changes that occur in an adolescent's brain, and then evaluates the effect of adolescent alcohol consumption on brain structure, function, and neurocognitive abilities in both human studies and animal models. The impact of gender/sex and COVID-19 are briefly discussed. Understanding the factors that promote the onset of adolescent binge drinking and its undesirable consequences could serve as a catalyst for developing therapeutic agents that would decrease or eradicate the damaging effects of alcohol on an adolescent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tetteh-Quarshie
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Mary-Louise Risher
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States,Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Hershel ‘Woody’ Williams Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Huntington, WV, United States,*Correspondence: Mary-Louise Risher,
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6
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Sánchez-Huerta K, Saldaña-Salinas RD, Bustamante-Nieves PE, Jiménez A, Corzo-Cruz A, Martínez-Vargas M, Guevara-Guzmán R, Velasco I, Estudillo E. Sucrose Consumption during Late Adolescence Impairs Adult Neurogenesis of the Ventral Dentate Gyrus without Inducing an Anxiety-like Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214176. [PMID: 36430654 PMCID: PMC9695980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose consumption impairs behavioral and cognitive functions that correlate with decreased neurogenesis in animal models. When consumed during early adolescence, this disaccharide promotes anxious and depressive behaviors, along with a reduction in the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Data concerning sucrose consumption during late adolescence are lacking, and the effect of sucrose intake on the ventral dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (which modulates anxiety and depression) remains elusive. Here, we tested whether sucrose intake during late adolescence causes anxiety or impaired neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus. Rats did not display anxiety-like behaviors neither at the light−dark box test nor at the open field exploration. However, there was a significant increase in proliferative cells in the subgranular zone of the ventral dentate gyrus in rats exposed to sucrose (p < 0.05). This increased proliferation corresponded to neural stem cells (Radial Type 1 cells) in the group exposed to sucrose until adulthood but was not present in rats exposed to sucrose only during late adolescence. Remarkably, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 kinases was increased in the hippocampi of rats exposed to sucrose only during late adolescence, suggesting that the increased proliferation in this group could be mediated by the MAPK pathway. On the other hand, although no differences were found in the number of immature granular neurons, we observed more immature granular neurons with impaired dendritic orientation in both groups exposed to sucrose. Finally, GAD65/67 and BCL2 levels did not change between groups, suggesting an unaltered hippocampal GABAergic system and similar apoptosis, respectively. This information provides the first piece of evidence of how sucrose intake, starting in late adolescence, impacts ventral dentate gyrus neurogenesis and contributes to a better understanding of the effects of this carbohydrate on the brain at postnatal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sánchez-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700, Letra C, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
- Correspondence: (K.S.-H.); (E.E.); Tel.: +52-5510840900 (ext. 1441) (K.S.-H.); +52-5556063822 (ext. 2120) (E.E.)
| | - Rosaura Debbie Saldaña-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
| | - Pablo Edson Bustamante-Nieves
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Adriana Jiménez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Corzo-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
- Laboratorio Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico
| | - Marina Martínez-Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Enrique Estudillo
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence: (K.S.-H.); (E.E.); Tel.: +52-5510840900 (ext. 1441) (K.S.-H.); +52-5556063822 (ext. 2120) (E.E.)
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7
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Selvi S, Chandrasekaran M. Detection of Drug Abuse Using Rough Set and Neural Network-Based Elevated Mathematical Predictive Modelling. Neural Process Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11063-022-11086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Taubin D, Berger AF, Baek I, DiSalvo M, Wilens TE, Yule AM. Are adolescents and young adults in substance use disorder treatment as engaged in the research recruitment process as those in general behavioral health treatment? Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 122:106967. [PMID: 36265809 PMCID: PMC9814169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While prior research suggests that individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) are generally more difficult to engage in research, little is known about the research engagement of adolescents and young adults (AYA) in SUD treatment as it compares to peers seen in general behavioral health settings. This study aimed to systematically compare engagement in virtual research recruitment between AYA in SUD treatment and AYA in behavioral health (BH) treatment. METHODS Study staff contacted patients ages 16-30 at three outpatient clinics to recruit them for a naturalistic longitudinal online study. Staff documented whether patients answered the phone, expressed interest in the study, answered questions regarding eligibility, and enrolled in the study. RESULTS Overall, 18% (n = 117) of those contacted by phone enrolled in the study. The rate of AYA reached did not significantly differ between those in SUD treatment (51%) and those in BH treatment (55%). Among those who were reached, those in SUD and BH treatment did not significantly differ (all p > 0.05) in rates of being interested in the study (SUD: 58%; BH: 49%), completing the phone screen (SUD: 46%; BH: 41%) or enrolling in the study (SUD: 33%; BH: 35%). CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found that engaging AYA in SUD treatment in virtual naturalistic longitudinal research was no more difficult than engaging AYA seen in general behavioral health settings. Future research should examine generalizability of engagement in naturalistic research to other study designs and explore the continuity of this effect into study retention and completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Taubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America.
| | - Amy F Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - In Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Maura DiSalvo
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Timothy E Wilens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Amy M Yule
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
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9
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Granata L, Gildawie KR, Ismail N, Brenhouse HC, Kopec AM. Immune signaling as a node of interaction between systems that sex-specifically develop during puberty and adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101143. [PMID: 35933922 PMCID: PMC9357835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is pivotal for neural and behavioral development across species. During this period, maturation occurs in several biological systems, the most well-recognized being activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis marking pubertal onset. Increasing comparative studies of sex differences have enriched our understanding of systems integration during neurodevelopment. In recent years, immune signaling has emerged as a key node of interaction between a variety of biological signaling processes. Herein, we review the age- and sex-specific changes that occur in neural, hypothalamic-pituitary, and microbiome systems during adolescence. We then describe how immune signaling interacts with these systems, and review recent preclinical evidence indicating that immune signaling may play a central role in integrating changes in their typical and atypical development during adolescence. Finally, we discuss the translational relevance of these preclinical studies to human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Granata
- Northeastern University, 125 Nightingale Hall, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kelsea R Gildawie
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Rd. North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall 2076A, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada.
| | | | - Ashley M Kopec
- Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Wilson MJ, Gwyther K, Simmons M, Swann R, Oliffe JL, Casey K, Rice SM. Exploring Teacher and Parent Perspectives on School-Based Masculinities in Relation to Mental Health Promotion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:864124. [PMID: 35769740 PMCID: PMC9235819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity for boys’ and young men’s mental health promotion to act via shifting masculine norms that are linked to poor mental health outcomes, highlights the need to improve the extent to which school-based programs can promote mental health through leveraging more positive embodiments of masculinity. To-date, the perspectives of parents and teachers on such processes are understudied. This qualitative study presents teacher and parent views regarding adolescent masculinities and avenues for school-based developmental programming for boys and young men. In this study, 16 individual qualitative interviews were undertaken with 10 parents (six females, four males), and six teachers (three females, three males), recruited from an independent all-boys’ grammar school in Melbourne, Australia. Thematic analysis of parents’ and teachers’ perspectives indicated their perception of the role of context-dependent “public” and “private” masculinities, the influence of Australian masculinity norms, and the role of private boys’ school cultures in the development of adolescent masculinities. Additionally, strategies for development encompassed participants’ appetite for boys’ exposure to positive role models, in addition to consistent and relevant developmental programming to support positive masculinity development. Findings have implications for efforts to support prosocial masculine identity development via school-based initiatives, as an avenue to promoting mental health of boys and young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Wilson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Gwyther
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Magenta Simmons
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ray Swann
- Crowther Centre, Brighton Grammar School, Brighton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John L. Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Casey
- Crowther Centre, Brighton Grammar School, Brighton, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Simon M. Rice,
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11
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O'Donnell AW, Stuart J, Jose PE, Homel J. Trajectories of Substance Use and Well-being in Early and Middle Adolescence Shaped by Social Connectedness. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:769-784. [PMID: 33961313 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing substance use and decreasing well-being are typical in adolescence, yet how social contexts shape disparate development during this time is less well-understood. A latent growth class analysis was conducted that identified groups of early (N = 706; Agem = 12.20) and middle (N = 666; Agem = 14.38) adolescents distinguished by rates of substance use and well-being over three years. In both cohorts, the largest group reported low substance use and high well-being, with a smaller group exhibiting maladaptive trajectories for both substance use and well-being. Two additional groups were identified during middle adolescence characterized by either low well-being or high substance use. Family connectedness was a protective factor, while high peer connectedness was a risk factor for substance-use groups and low peer connectedness for languishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W O'Donnell
- College of Business, Government, & Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jaimee Stuart
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University,, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul E Jose
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Homel
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Atrooz F, Alrousan G, Hassan A, Salim S. Early-Life Sleep Deprivation Enhanced Alcohol Consumption in Adolescent Rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:856120. [PMID: 35546871 PMCID: PMC9081815 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.856120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence in the literature suggests that sleep deprivation during early-life developmental stages, by impacting important processes such as the reward circuit maturation, may increase the vulnerability for alcohol and substance use. The mechanisms involved are not fully understood. In this study, utilizing our previously established model, we examined the impact of early-life sleep deprivation on alcohol consumption in adolescent rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats served as either the control (CON) or sleep-deprived (SD) group. Sleep deprivation was induced using a Pinnacle automated sleep deprivation apparatus. The SD group of rats was sleep deprived for 6–8 h/day for 14 days from postnatal day (PND)19 to PND32. At PND33, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were assessed in rats using elevated plus maze and sucrose splash test, respectively. At PND39, alcohol consumption was assessed in rats for five consecutive days using the two-bottle choice paradigm, water versus 5% ethanol. SD rats exhibited significant anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as compared to CON rats. Interestingly, SD rats consumed a larger volume of alcohol when compared to CON rats, which was significantly higher at day 5 (mean of alcohol consumption (ml) ± SD; CON = 6.67 ± 3.42; SD = 19.00 ± 6.05, p = 0.0126). SD rats also showed high preference for alcohol over water, which was significantly higher at day 5 (mean of alcohol preference (%) ± SD; CON = 26.85 ± 14.97; SD = 57.69 ± 5.61, p = 0.014). Our data suggest that early-life sleep deprivation enhanced alcohol consumption in adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Atrooz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ghalya Alrousan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arham Hassan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Psychopathological symptoms as precursors of depressive symptoms in adolescence: a prospective analysis of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohort studies. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1627-1639. [PMID: 35426507 PMCID: PMC9288954 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in adolescence, highlighting the need for early identification of precursors. Research into psychopathological symptoms predicting depressive psychopathology in adolescents is therefore of great relevance. Moreover, given that the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in adolescence shows marked differences between girls and boys, insight into potential sex-specific differences in precursors is important. METHODS This study examined the relationships between emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, and difficulties in prosocial behaviour at age 10 (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15 (Depression Screener for Teenagers). Using data from 2824 participants of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts, the association of each SDQ subscale at age 10 years with the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15 years was analyzed using sex-specific logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Emotional problems [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, p = 0.002 for boys and OR 1.77, p < 0.001 for girls] and peer problems (OR 2.62, p < 0.001 for boys, OR 1.91, p = 0.001 for girls) at age 10 showed an increased risk for the presence of depressive symptoms at age 15. Additionally, boys with conduct problems at age 10 were at greater risk of showing depressive symptoms in adolescence (OR 2.50, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Based on the identified prospective relationships in our study, it might be of particular importance to tailor prevention approaches during childhood to peer and emotional problems to reduce the risk of depressive psychopathology in adolescence. Moreover, particularly in boys, it seems important to also target conduct problems in childhood as a precursor of depressive symptoms in the adolescent period.
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14
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Abstract
Studies have yielded mixed findings regarding changes in adolescent substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic; some report increased alcohol and cannabis use, others show less binge drinking and vaping behaviors, and others no change. In 2019, only 8.3% of the 1.1 million adolescents with a substance use disorder received specialized treatment. Treatment rates for 2020 have not yet been published. Stay-at-home orders and social distancing guidelines put into place in March 2020 caused the partial closure of many outpatient substance use clinics. The implications of this treatment suspension and special considerations for working with adolescents during stay-at-home orders are discussed.
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15
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Hawke LD, Monga S, Korczak D, Hayes E, Relihan J, Darnay K, Cleverley K, Lunsky Y, Szatmari P, Henderson J. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health among youth with physical health challenges. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1146-1153. [PMID: 33047495 PMCID: PMC7675347 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine mental health in conjunction with physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic among youth with physical health conditions compared to those without. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 622 youth aged 14 to 28 was conducted. Analyses were conducted to understand the changes in mental and physical health among youth in four groups: (a) participants with a friend or family member diagnosed with COVID-19, (b) participants with symptoms associated with COVID-19, (c) participants with atopic conditions (asthma and allergies), and (d) participants with other preexisting physical health conditions. RESULTS Many participants with physical health concerns met screening criteria for an internalizing disorder, which was significantly higher than the rate found among participants without physical health conditions. Significantly greater declines in self-reported mental health were observed during the COVID-19 period compared to 3 months earlier among youth reporting physical health concerns compared to those without physical health concerns. Substance use does not appear to have been affected. CONCLUSIONS Mental health concerns are highly prevalent among youth with physical health concerns, and also appear to be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical health concerns appear to constitute risk factors for heightened mental health responses to the pandemic situation. System planners striving to adapt mental health services to meet social/physical distancing recommendations are urged to consider youth with physical health conditions and ensure that adequate integrated mental health and physical health supports are available to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suneeta Monga
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daphne Korczak
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Em Hayes
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanna Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Watts AL, Wood PK, Jackson KM, Lisdahl KM, Heitzeg MM, Gonzalez R, Tapert SF, Barch DM, Sher KJ. Incipient alcohol use in childhood: Early alcohol sipping and its relations with psychopathology and personality. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1338-1350. [PMID: 32522303 PMCID: PMC7814694 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that sipping of alcohol begins to emerge during childhood and is potentially etiologically significant for later substance use problems. Using a large, community sample of 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 11,872; 53% female), we examined individual differences in precocious alcohol use in the form of alcohol sipping. We focused explicitly on features that are robust and well-demonstrated correlates of, and antecedents to, alcohol excess and related problems later in the lifespan, including youth- and parent-reported externalizing traits (i.e., impulsivity, behavioral inhibition and activation) and psychopathology. Seventeen percent of the sample reported sipping alcohol outside of a religiously sanctioned activity by age 9 or 10. Several aspects of psychopathology and personality emerged as small but reliable correlates of sipping. Nonreligious sipping was related to youth-reported impulsigenic traits, aspects of behavioral activation, prodromal psychotic-like symptoms, and mood disorder diagnoses, as well as parent-reported externalizing disorder diagnoses. Religious sipping was unexpectedly associated with certain aspects of impulsivity. Together, our findings point to the potential importance of impulsivity and other transdiagnostic indicators of psychopathology (e.g., emotion dysregulation, novelty seeking) in the earliest forms of drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Watts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI, USA
| | - Phillip K. Wood
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI, USA
| | | | - Krista M. Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI, USA
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17
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Farris MS, Shakeel MK, MacQueen G, Goldstein BI, Wang J, Kennedy SH, Bray S, Lebel C, Addington J. Substance use in youth at-risk for serious mental illness. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:634-641. [PMID: 32500614 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this paper is to describe the substance use of participants who are at-risk for serious mental illness (SMI). METHOD The Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome study (PROCAN) is a two-site study of 243 youth and young adults aged 13 to 25 years, categorized into four groups: healthy controls (n = 42), stage 0 (asymptomatic individuals with risk of SMI typically family high risk; n = 41), stage 1a (distress disorder or mild symptoms of anxiety or depression; n = 53) and stage 1b (attenuated syndromes, including bipolar disorder or psychosis; n = 107). Substance use measures were administered at baseline, 6- and 12-months. RESULTS At baseline, the most commonly reported substance used in the past month was alcohol (43.6%), followed by cannabis (14.4%) and tobacco (12.4%). There were no significant group differences in use. 42.4% of all participants reported ever using cannabis in their lifetime, whereas 21.4% reported currently using cannabis. There were no group differences in ever having used cannabis. Regarding lifetime substance abuse disorders, cannabis use disorder (5.7%) and alcohol use disorder (4.5%) were the most common and more often reported in stage 1b participants relative to other groups. Furthermore, alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use remained relatively consistent at 6- and 12-month follow-ups when compared to baseline use. CONCLUSION Alcohol was the most commonly used substance followed by cannabis and tobacco. Although substance use did not differ between those at different stages of risk, overall prevention strategies are still warranted for youth at-risk for SMI, especially those who are more symptomatic and potentially at greater risk of developing an SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Farris
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed K Shakeel
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - JianLi Wang
- Work and Mental health Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Chair in Suicide and Depression Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Hawke LD, Sheikhan NY, MacCon K, Henderson J. Going virtual: youth attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:340. [PMID: 33853602 PMCID: PMC8045568 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, youth mental health and substance use services rapidly moved to virtual modalities to meet social distancing requirements. It is important to understand youth attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. Objective This study examined the attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services among youth drawn from clinical and non-clinical samples. Method Four hundred nine youth completed a survey including questions about their attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. The survey included quantitative and open-ended questions on virtual care, as well as a mental health and substance use screener. Results The majority of youth with mental health or substance use challenges would be willing to consider individual virtual services, but fewer would consider group virtual services. However, many have not received virtual services. Youth are interested in accessing a wide variety of virtual services and other supportive wellness services. Advantages and disadvantages of virtual services are discussed, including accessibility benefits and technological barriers. Discussion As youth mental health and substance use services have rapidly gone virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential that we hear the perspectives of youth to promote service utilization among those in need. Diverse, accessible, technologically stable virtual services are required to meet the needs of different youth, possibly with in-person options for some youth. Future research, engaging youth in the research process, is needed to evaluate the efficacy of virtual services to plan for the sustainability of some virtual service gains beyond the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Y Sheikhan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen MacCon
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Wilson M, Gwyther K, Swann R, Casey K, Featherston R, Oliffe JL, Englar-Carlson M, Rice SM. Operationalizing positive masculinity: a theoretical synthesis and school-based framework to engage boys and young men. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6220389. [PMID: 33842967 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scholars have consistently documented the relationship between conformity to traditional masculine norms and maladaptive psychosocial outcomes among boys and young men. Given current social commentary, including debate around 'toxic masculinity', intervention is needed to encourage boys to embody healthy expressions and identities of masculinity. Whilst new approaches grounded in positive masculinity show promise, the construct requires further definition and phenomenological clarity. Here we review divergent perspectives on positive masculinity, and forward a refined definition, specific to psychosocial health promotion among boys and young men. We then outline the theoretical basis of a positive masculinity framework to guide the content of future interventions, aiming to achieve positive identity development among boys and young men for the good of all. This framework represents a necessary unification of scholarship around male adolescent development, education and health. Future health promotion interventions may benefit from applying the framework to support a positive psychosocial trajectory among boys and young men, with a focus on connection, motivation and authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wilson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Gwyther
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ray Swann
- Crowther Centre, Brighton Grammar School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Casey
- Crowther Centre, Brighton Grammar School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Featherston
- Crowther Centre, Brighton Grammar School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John L Oliffe
- Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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20
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24-h Movement Guidelines and Substance Use among Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063309. [PMID: 33806871 PMCID: PMC8004679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Children and youth are recommended to achieve at least 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2 h/day of recreational screen time, and a sleep duration of 9–11 h/night for 11–13-year-olds or 8–10 h/night for 14–17-year-olds. Meeting the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations have previously been associated with substance use among adolescents. However, previous research has mainly examined these factors individually rather than looking at how these indicators could concurrently relate to substance use in this age group. Therefore, this study examined the associations between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines for screen time, sleep duration, and physical activity (independent variables) with substance use outcomes including alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and cigarette smoking (dependent variables) among adolescents. Self-reported data from a cross-sectional and representative sample of 10,236 students (mean age = 15.1 years) in Ontario, Canada were analyzed. Logistic regression models stratified by gender were adjusted for potential confounders. Combinations of 24-h movement guidelines was differentially associated with substance use in boys and girls. Overall, findings showed that meeting 24-h movement guidelines is associated with lower odds of alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and cigarette smoking differentially with type of recommendation met and gender. Given that the associations between 24-h movement guidelines and substance use differ between boys and girls, future efforts should take this into consideration.
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21
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Rogers CR, Lee T, Fry CM, Telzer EH. Where You Lead, I Will Follow: Exploring Sibling Similarity in Brain and Behavior During Risky Decision Making. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:34-51. [PMID: 32945074 PMCID: PMC7984028 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This exploratory study examined whether social learning increases similarity in adolescent siblings' behavior and neural patterns during risky decision making. Participants included 86 adolescents (43 sibling dyads; younger siblings: Mage = 12.2 years; 22 females; older siblings: Mage = 14.6 years; 20 females) who completed questionnaires, and a decision-making task during an fMRI scan. Younger siblings became more similar to their older siblings' risky decision making after observing their older sibling take risks). Younger siblings who reported greater modeling of their older sibling, and less differentiation from them, showed increased neural similarity to their older siblings in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the right anterior insula and ventral striatum, respectively. These findings highlight siblings as salient social agents in how adolescents process risky decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae‐Ho Lee
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
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22
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Rates of Dual Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients: A Scoping Review. J Addict Med 2021; 16:101-109. [PMID: 33534276 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) inpatient admissions have increased since 2009 and the clinical profile of these patients has become more complex. Unrecognized dual diagnosis, that is, comorbid substance use or substance use disorder (SUD) may contribute to this problem, but the prevalence of dual diagnosis in this population is inadequately understood. The goal of this scoping review was to summarize the range and content of research on this topic. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO databases were systematically searched for studies published from 2008 to 2019 containing information on rates of comorbid substance use or SUD in CAP inpatients. RESULTS A total of 23,326 abstracts were located. After removing duplicates, screening abstracts and full-text papers, and extracting data with full-text reviews, fourteen studies meeting our criteria remained. Rates of substance use or SUD ranged from 0.9% to 54.8%, differing on the basis of: (1) type of outcome; (2) type of data source; and (3) whether samples had a specific diagnostic focus or not. Rates of any type of SUD were reported in approximately 25% of samples from administrative databases, in 17.7% to 38.5% of chart reviews, and in 55% of studies with data from clinical research examinations. The highest rates of substance-specific substance use or SUD were for alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine. CONCLUSIONS We located 14 studies, but methodologic heterogeneity precluded quantitative calculation of a single estimate for the prevalence of dual diagnosis. However, most of the rates suggest that this is an important problem in CAP inpatients, meriting further research. We suggest ways to improve future studies.
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23
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The role of negative emotional reactivity and neighborhood factors in predicting marijuana use during early adolescence. J Adolesc 2020; 85:32-40. [PMID: 33038686 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Negative emotional reactivity and the neighborhood environment have been individually associated with marijuana use outcomes; however, less is known about whether neighborhood factors differentiate the association between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use. The present study examined whether neighborhood risk (i.e., neighborhood problems) and protective factors (i.e., neighborhood social cohesion) moderated the relation between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use during early adolescence. METHODS Participants were 775 adolescents (M = 10.95 ± 0.88 years; 69% male; 76% Caucasian), who reported on their past month frequency of marijuana use at Time 1 (when adolescents were 10-12 years old) and Time 2 (when adolescents were 12-14 years old). Mothers reported on neighborhood problems and neighborhood social cohesion at Time 1. Youth reported on their negative emotional reactivity at Time 2. RESULTS Negative binomial regression analyses indicated that neighborhood problems moderated the relationship between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use. In particular, in the context of low neighborhood problems, individuals with lower negative emotional reactivity were at attenuated risk for marijuana use compared to individuals higher in negative emotional reactivity. In the context of high neighborhood problems, individuals were at heightened risk for marijuana consumption regardless of their negative emotional reactivity levels. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that individual-level factors alone do not sufficiently account for early marijuana use and that neighborhood problems play a role in risk for or abstention from using marijuana during early adolescence. Implications for prevention and intervention for marijuana use during adolescence are discussed.
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24
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Hawke LD, Barbic SP, Voineskos A, Szatmari P, Cleverley K, Hayes E, Relihan J, Daley M, Courtney D, Cheung A, Darnay K, Henderson JL. Impacts of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being: A Rapid Survey of Clinical and Community Samples: Répercussions de la COVID-19 sur la santé mentale, l'utilisation de substances et le bien-être des adolescents : un sondage rapide d'échantillons cliniques et communautaires. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:701-709. [PMID: 32662303 PMCID: PMC7502874 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720940562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a time-sensitive opportunity to rapidly enhance our knowledge about the impacts of public health crises on youth mental health, substance use, and well-being. This study examines youth mental health and substance use during the pandemic period. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 622 youth participants across existing clinical and community cohorts. Using the National Institute of Mental Health-developed CRISIS tool and other measures, participants reported on the impacts of COVID-19 on their mental health, substance use, and other constructs. RESULTS Reports of prepandemic mental health compared to intrapandemic mental health show a statistically significant deterioration of mental health across clinical and community samples (P < 0.001), with greater deterioration in the community sample. A total of 68.4% of youth in the clinical sample and 39.9% in the community sample met screening criteria for an internalizing disorder. Substance use declined in both clinical and community samples (P < 0.001), although 23.2% of youth in the clinical sample and 3.0% in the community sample met screening criteria for a substance use disorder. Participants across samples report substantial mental health service disruptions (48.7% and 10.8%) and unmet support needs (44.1% and 16.2%). Participants report some positive impacts, are using a variety of coping strategies to manage their wellness, and shared a variety of ideas of strategies to support youth during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Among youth with histories of mental health concerns, the pandemic context poses a significant risk for exacerbation of need. In addition, youth may experience the onset of new difficulties. We call on service planners to attend to youth mental health during COVID-19 by bolstering the accessibility of services. Moreover, there is an urgent need to engage young people as coresearchers to understand and address the impacts of the pandemic and the short, medium, and long terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Skye Pamela Barbic
- Foundry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin Cleverley
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Em Hayes
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mardi Daley
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Courtney
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Cheung
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karleigh Darnay
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Flesia L, Cavalieri F, Angelini S, Bottesi G, Ghisi M, Tonon E, Roldan AP, Di Nisio A, Garolla A, Ferlin A, Foresta C. Health-Related Lifestyles, Substance-Related Behaviors, and Sexual Habits Among Italian Young Adult Males: An Epidemiologic Study. Sex Med 2020; 8:361-369. [PMID: 32389594 PMCID: PMC7471067 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adult males are more likely to demonstrate health-risk behaviors than other individuals. The use of specific data about health-risk behaviors within this population might be important to promote effective preventive psychosocial and educational programs and interventions. AIM To provide a detailed description of health-related lifestyles, substance-related behaviors, and sexual habits that can negatively affect fertility, sexual sphere, and health in a large sample of Italian young adult males. METHODS A sample comprising 2,170 males aged 18-21 years, attending the last year of high school, was administered an online questionnaire made up of 39 multiple-choice questions. The questionnaire explored health-related lifestyles, substance-related behaviors, and sexuality and sexual habits. Descriptive analyses were conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The outcome measures included data about health-related lifestyles, substance-related behaviors, and sexuality and sexual habits reported by Italian young adult males. RESULTS Health-related lifestyles: 92.9% of the sample reported practicing some physical activity during the week. 90.3% declared a Mediterranean diet and 8.1% a hyperproteic diet. Substance-related behaviors: 33.8% of the sample reported having smoked tobacco at least once in their lives; among them, 71% reported current daily smoking. 40.2% declared drinking alcohol from 5 to 7 days in a week. 32.9% of the sample reported currently using a substance. Sexuality and sexual habits: 97.1% of the sample self-defined themselves as heterosexual. 73.3% of participants rated their knowledge about sexuality as "excellent/good," 58.7% about sexually transmitted infections. Only 4.8% reported having had a seminal liquid examination. Half of the sample (52.2%) declared having had sexual intercourses, in the largest proportion protected sex. 14.7% of the sample reported having at least one sexual dysfunction. 88.6% of participants reported having used pornography, 18.7% every day. CONCLUSION The present study highlighted the need to empower the number and efficacy of preventive interventions to promote health-related behaviors among Italian young male population. Flesia L, Cavalieri F, Angelini S, et al. Health-Related Lifestyles, Substance-Related Behaviors, and Sexual Habits Among Italian Young Adult Males: An Epidemiologic Study. Sex Med 2020;8:361-369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Flesia
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Angelini
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Tonon
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Agustina Perez Roldan
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Garolla
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Swartz JR, Weissman DG, Ferrer E, Beard SJ, Fassbender C, Robins RW, Hastings PD, Guyer AE. Reward-Related Brain Activity Prospectively Predicts Increases in Alcohol Use in Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:391-400. [PMID: 31173884 PMCID: PMC6891148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered activity within reward-related neural regions, including the ventral striatum (VS) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), is associated with concurrent problematic substance use. The aims of the present study were (a) to identify patterns of reward-related neural activity that prospectively predicted changes in alcohol use 2 years after magnetic resonance imaging in a sample of adolescents, and (b) to examine whether these patterns differed by sex. We also tested whether depression symptoms or impulsivity mediated associations between neural activity and future alcohol use. METHOD Participants were 262 adolescents (129 male and 133 female) of Mexican origin who completed the Monetary Incentive Delay task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan at age 16. Participants reported on their alcohol use at ages 16 and 18. RESULTS Results indicated that different patterns of reward-related neural activity predicted future increases in alcohol use for male and female adolescents. In boys, higher VS activity during reward anticipation and average ventral mPFC activity during reward feedback predicted increases in alcohol use from age 16 to 18 years; in girls, higher dorsal mPFC activity and blunted VS activity during reward anticipation predicted increases in alcohol use from age 16 to 18 years. Depression symptoms or impulsivity did not mediate these associations. CONCLUSION The results suggest that different pathways of risk may lead to problematic alcohol use for adolescent boys and girls. These sex differences in neural risk pathways have important implications for prevention and intervention approaches targeting Mexican-origin youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Weissman
- University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Sarah J Beard
- University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Paul D Hastings
- University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
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Sex, drugs, and early emerging risk: Examining the association between sexual debut and substance use across adolescence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228432. [PMID: 32027682 PMCID: PMC7004326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual debut, or first intercourse, predicts problem behaviors such as substance use. This association could reflect a direct effect of debut itself, general developmental trends, or the fact that some youth are more predisposed to a wide array of problem behaviors (e.g., risky sex, substance use). Understanding the association between sexual debut and substance use thus requires methods that can distinguish between these various accounts. In this study the association between sexual debut and substance use was investigated in a longitudinal sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674) assessed annually from 5th (Mage = 10.86 years, SD = 0.51) through 12th grade (Mage = 17.69 years, SD = 0.48). The longitudinal aspect of the data allowed the direct effect of sexual debut on substance use to be tested while accounting for long-term trends in substance use, and stable individual differences in those trends based on early risk and debut timing. Substance use increased over time, and early risk and debut were consistently associated with more substance use. Sexual debut also modestly predicted an increase in substance use after accounting for these effects, however. Taken together, results provide some evidence consistent with each of the potential explanations for the association between sexual debut and substance use across adolescence.
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Jacobs W, Barry AE, Merianos AL, Becker KJ, Valente TW. Gender Differences in Socio-ecological Determinants of Alcohol Use Among Hispanic Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2020; 90:99-106. [PMID: 31813163 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to other racial groups, Hispanic/Latino(a) adolescents experience higher rates of alcohol (ab)use and alcohol-related problems. Evidence suggests there are gender differences in alcohol use patterns indicating the likelihood of gender differences in how various determinants influence alcohol use among the genders. Assessing the mechanisms that contribute to Hispanic adolescents' alcohol use requires an understanding of the multidimensional social and environmental processes that operate together to impact their alcohol use. In this study, we examined socio-ecological determinants of Hispanic adolescent alcohol use by gender. METHODS Data from 10th grade Hispanic/Latino(a) students (N = 781) from four high schools in Los Angeles were used to examine associations between socio-ecological characteristics and adolescent alcohol use by gender. RESULTS Overall, 37.5% of participants reported past 30-day alcohol use. Among boys, alcohol use was associated with intrapersonal (not qualifying for reduced lunch), interpersonal (mother's education and peer drinking), and institutional (alcohol-prone school club membership) determinants. Among girls, alcohol use was associated with intrapersonal (academic achievement) and interpersonal (parent and peer alcohol use behavior) determinants. CONCLUSIONS Prevention and intervention efforts need to take into consideration the gender differences in social-ecological risk and protective factors when designing educational or intervention programs and services targeted at Hispanic adolescents. This is crucial to addressing multi-component factors that influence their substance use behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wura Jacobs
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, CA
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, Blocker Bldg., Office 332C, College Station, TX
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Teachers College 460NC, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kelsi J Becker
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, 2160 McMicken Circle, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Thomas W Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302W, Los Angeles, CA
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Christensen L, Baker BL. Risk-Taking and Delinquent Behaviors Among Youth with and without Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 13:1-24. [PMID: 32351658 PMCID: PMC7189909 DOI: 10.1080/19315864.2019.1710786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth with intellectual disabilities (ID) demonstrate higher rates of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) than youth with typical development (TD). DBDs such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) predict higher rates of delinquency during adolescence. Yet, few studies have examined risk-taking and delinquency among youth with ID. METHODS We used a self-report measure to determine whether 13-year-old youth with ID (n= 23) reported higher rates of risk-taking and delinquent behavior than their TD peers (n=77). We also examined whether or not youth had a previous diagnosis of ODD. RESULTS Our results suggest that youth with ID reported fewer rule-breaking and risk-taking behaviors than their TD peers. In contrast, youth with a previous diagnosis of ODD reported more of these behaviors. CONCLUSION Our results appear discrepant from previous studies, which find higher rates of risk-taking and delinquency among youth with ID. As such, we discuss the factors that may explain our discrepant results, including our definition and assessment of ID, and the age of our participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christensen
- USC University Center of Excellence in Developmental Disabilities - Children's Hospital Los Angeles
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30
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Liu M, Argyriou E, Cyders MA. Developmental Considerations for Assessment and Treatment of Impulsivity in Older Adults. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 47:165-177. [PMID: 31907880 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is an important factor in many clinical disorders, especially alcohol and substance use disorders. Most of the research on impulsivity in this domain has focused on adolescence and young adulthood, as this developmental period is characterized by onset of and escalation in alcohol and substance use, likely driven in part by brain development patterns. Although many individuals eventually "mature out" of these behaviors in middle adulthood, a critical subset of people do not. The role of impulsivity in middle-to-older adulthood, when certain individuals transition from normative to disordered substance use, has not been carefully examined. The goal of this paper is to review the literature on measuring and modifying impulsivity from adolescence through older adulthood, with a special focus on middle-to-older adulthood. We propose that impulsivity research should include data on middle-to-older adulthood as an important time of transition to disordered use. We consider how impulsivity might have unique meaning at different stages of the adult lifespan and suggest modifications for assessing and treating impulsivity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Liu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eva Argyriou
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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31
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Grevenstein D, Nikendei C, Nagy E. Alcohol Use, Binge Drinking, and Drunkenness Experience in Adolescence: Complex Associations with Family, Peers, Social Context, and Risk Perceptions. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1834-1845. [PMID: 32449446 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1766504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: A number of correlates to adolescent substance use have been shown, yet their unique predictive influence is unclear. We investigated the incremental validity of demographics, family background, school variables, risk perception, parental alcohol attitudes, age of first alcohol use, peer group influence, and behavioral variables as they concurrently predicted last month alcohol use, binge drinking, and drunkenness experience frequency. Methods: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses in a sample of N = 743 adolescents (mean age = 15.01). Results: All predictors explained 26-40% of the total variance. Alcohol use was predicted by age, gender, having two working parents, academic family background, relationship to parents, relative risk perception, parental acceptance of alcohol use, age of first use, talking about positive aspects of alcohol, normality of alcohol use among peers, time spent with friends, and going out to clubs. Binge drinking was predicted by age, working parents, school problems, relative risk perception, parental alcohol acceptance, age of first use, talking about positive aspects of alcohol, time spent with friends, and going out to clubs. Drunkenness was predicted by age, relationship to parents, school problems, relative risk perception, age of first use, talking about positive aspects of alcohol, and going out to clubs. Conclusions: Researchers need to take the complexity of adolescent substance use into account when designing studies and interventions. Relative risk perception emerged as the strongest (positive) predictor, indicating that adolescents are able to rather accurately assess their own risk and risk awareness alone does not suffice to engage in protective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ede Nagy
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Schoenmacker GH, Groenman AP, Sokolova E, Oosterlaan J, Rommelse N, Roeyers H, Oades RD, Faraone SV, Franke B, Heskes T, Arias Vasquez A, Claassen T, Buitelaar JK. Role of conduct problems in the relation between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity disorder, substance use, and gaming. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 30:102-113. [PMID: 30292416 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Known comorbidities for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) include conduct problems, substance use disorder and gaming. Comorbidity with conduct problems may increase the risk for substance use disorder and gaming in individuals with ADHD. The aim of the study was to build a causal model of the relationships between ADHD and comorbid conduct problems, and alcohol, nicotine, and other substance use, and gaming habits, while accounting for age and sex. We used a state-of-the-art causal discovery algorithm to analyze a case-only sample of 362 ADHD-diagnosed individuals in the ages 12-24 years. We found that conduct problem severity mediates between ADHD severity and nicotine use, but not with more severe alcohol or substance use. More severe ADHD-inattentive symptoms lead to more severe gaming habits. Furthermore, our model suggests that ADHD severity has no influence on severity of alcohol or other drug use. Our findings suggest that ADHD severity is a risk factor for nicotine use, and that this effect is fully mediated by conduct problem severity. Finally, ADHD-inattentive severity was a risk factor for gaming, suggesting that gaming dependence has a different causal pathway than substance dependence and should be treated differently. By identifying these intervention points, our model can aid both researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Schoenmacker
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A P Groenman
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Science, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Sokolova
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Oosterlaan
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Science, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Rommelse
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Roeyers
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R D Oades
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T Heskes
- Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Arias Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - T Claassen
- Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J K Buitelaar
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mak HW, Russell MA, Lanza ST, Feinberg ME, Fosco GM. Age-varying associations of parental knowledge and antisocial peer behavior with adolescent substance use. Dev Psychol 2019; 56:298-311. [PMID: 31750668 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antisocial peer behavior and low parental knowledge of adolescents' activities are key interpersonal risk factors for adolescent substance use. However, how the magnitude of associations between these risk factors and substance use may vary across adolescence remains less well understood. The present study examined the age-varying associations of parental knowledge and antisocial peer behavior with adolescents' substance use (i.e., cigarette use, drunkenness, and marijuana use) using time-varying effect modeling. Using data from the Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience (PROSPER) study, the final sample consists of 8,222 adolescents, followed from Grade 6 to Grade 12 (age 11 to age 18.9), including those who newly joined the schools at the targeted grade levels. Results showed that low parental knowledge and antisocial peer behavior were significantly associated with the use of each of the three substances across the majority of adolescence. The magnitude of the associations between substance use and both risk factors decreased across age, except between peer risk and marijuana use. Further, there was a significant interaction between parent and peer risk factors such that low parental knowledge was less strongly associated with substance use at higher levels of antisocial peer behavior. Findings highlighted early adolescence as an important period to target parent and peer prevention and interventions for reducing early substance use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hio Wa Mak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies
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34
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Vingerhoets C, van Oudenaren MJF, Bloemen OJN, Boot E, van Duin EDA, Evers LJM, Fiksinski AM, Breetvelt EJ, Palmer LD, Vergaelen E, Vogels A, Meijer C, Booij J, de Haan L, Swillen A, Vorstman JAS, Bassett AS, van Amelsvoort TAMJ. Low prevalence of substance use in people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 215:661-667. [PMID: 30604657 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2018.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), one of the most common recurrent copy number variant disorders, is associated with dopaminergic abnormalities and increased risk for psychotic disorders. AIMS Given the elevated prevalence of substance use and dopaminergic abnormalities in non-deleted patients with psychosis, we investigated the prevalence of substance use in 22q11DS, compared with that in non-deleted patients with psychosis and matched healthy controls. METHOD This cross-sectional study involved 434 patients with 22q11DS, 265 non-deleted patients with psychosis and 134 healthy controls. Psychiatric diagnosis, full-scale IQ and COMT Val158Met genotype were determined in the 22q11DS group. Substance use data were collected according to the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS The prevalence of total substance use (36.9%) and substance use disorders (1.2%), and weekly amounts of alcohol and nicotine use, in patients with 22q11DS was significantly lower than in non-deleted patients with psychosis or controls. Compared with patients with 22q11DS, healthy controls were 20 times more likely to use substances in general (P < 0.001); results were also significant for alcohol and nicotine use separately. Within the 22q11DS group, there was no relationship between the prevalence of substance use and psychosis or COMT genotype. Male patients with 22q11DS were more likely to use substances than female patients with 22q11DS. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that patients with 22q11DS are at decreased risk for substance use and substance use disorders despite the increased risk of psychotic disorders. Further research into neurobiological and environmental factors involved in substance use in 22q11DS is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vingerhoets
- Psychologist, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilde J F van Oudenaren
- Psychologist, Research Assistant, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oswald J N Bloemen
- Psychiatrist, Senior Researcher, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University; and Center for Mental Health Care Innova, GGz Centraal, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Boot
- Specialist in Intellectual Disability Medicine, Honorary Researcher, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; S Heeren Loo Zorggroep; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto; and Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther D A van Duin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens J M Evers
- Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Ania M Fiksinski
- Psychologist, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; and The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Elemi J Breetvelt
- Child Psychiatrist, Epidemiologist, The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Lisa D Palmer
- Social Worker, The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Elfi Vergaelen
- Psychiatrist in training, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Vogels
- Professor, Child Psychiatrist, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carin Meijer
- Psychologist, Senior Researcher, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Professor of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Liewe de Haan
- Professor, Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ann Swillen
- Professor, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Associate Professor, Child Psychiatrist, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; and University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne S Bassett
- Professor / Psychiatrist, The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic; Clinical Genetics Research Program, Toronto General Hospital; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Therese A M J van Amelsvoort
- Professor of Transitional Psychiatry, Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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Personality traits as predictors of early alcohol inebriation among young adolescents: Mediating effects by mental health and gender-specific patterns. Addict Behav 2019; 95:152-159. [PMID: 30925439 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to predict alcohol inebriation and mental health (internalizing and externalizing problems plus well-being), and potential gender-specific patterns among young adolescents, by a biopsychosocial model of personality traits. Self-reported data from 853 adolescents (479 girls) in Sweden, aged 13-15 years, from the Longitudinal Research on Development In Adolescence (LoRDIA) program were used. Predictions from personality to inebriation and mediating effects of mental health were estimated by means of logistic regression and generalized structural equation modelling. Separated gender analyses were performed throughout the study to reveal potential gender-specific patterns. Externalizing problems, Novelty Seeking and Cooperativeness had independent effects on alcohol inebriation for both genders as well as Harm Avoidance among girls and Internalizing problems among boys. Novelty Seeking and Self-Directedness had indirect effects through externalizing problems and Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness had indirect effects through internalizing problems for boys. Self-directedness showed an indirect effect through externalizing problems for girls. The combination of an immature character (low Self-directedness and Cooperativeness) with an extreme temperament profile (high Novelty Seeking and low Harm Avoidance) was a predictor of inebriation across gender, both directly and indirectly through mental health. This study contributes with valuable information about gender-specific considerations when developing and conducting preventative interventions targeting psychological risk and resilience factors for early alcohol inebriation among young adolescents.
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Moise IK, de Joya E, Silva VO, Moise V, Farmer DB, Orantia A. Patient-level factors are more salient than a legislation prohibiting minors in bars in predicting unintentional injury hospitalizations. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1010. [PMID: 31357967 PMCID: PMC6664708 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol related homicide, suicide and aggravated assault represent the largest costs for the state of Illinois. Previous research has examined the impact of some alcohol-related policies on youth alcohol use and alcohol-related harm in the United States but findings have been mixed. To our knowledge, no study has provided a detailed epidemiology of the relationship between the impacts of alcohol policies on unintentional injury in Illinois. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether a legislation that prohibit minors under 21 years old in establishments that serve alcohol is more salient than individual level factors in predicting hospitalization for traumatic unintentional injuries. Methods A retrospective observational study of data abstracted from 6,139 patients aged 10 to 19 hospitalized in Illinois Level I and Level II trauma centers. Patient data from 2006 to 2015 was linked with the city-level alcohol-related legislation (n = 514 cities). The response variable was whether a patient tested positive or negative for blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of admission. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were conducted to model the patient and city level legislation effect of having a positive BAC test result on hospitalizations after adjusting for the legislation and patient factors. Results After adjustment, patients aged 15 to 19 and white patients who tested positive for BAC at the time of admission had the greater odds of hospitalization for traumatic alcohol-related unintentional injuries compared to patients who had a negative BAC test result. However, odds of hospitalization decreased for female patients and for those with private insurance, and over time, but a significant decrease in such hospitalizations occurred during 2010, 2014 and 2015. The alcohol-related legislation of interest was not a significant predictor of traumatic alcohol-related unintentional injury hospitalization. Conclusions Patient-level covariates were significant predictors of traumatic alcohol-related unintentional injury hospitalization; an alcohol-related legislation may not reduce hospitalizations for young patients aged 10 to 19. Therefore, to prevent underage drinking and consequences, interventions should target sex/gender, race/ethnicity and focus on both individual and environmental strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7327-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda K Moise
- Department of Geography, University of Miami, 1300 Campo Sano Ave, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA.
| | - Evan de Joya
- Department of Geography, University of Miami, 1300 Campo Sano Ave, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | | | - Vanji Moise
- Eastern University, 1300 Eagle Road, St Davids, PA, 19087, UK
| | | | - Adelisa Orantia
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Division of EMS and Highway Safety, Springfield, IL, 62701, USA
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Abstract
Different types of rewards are applied in persuasive games to encourage play persistence of its users and facilitate the achievement of desired real-world goals, such as behavioral change. Persuasive games have successfully been applied in mental healthcare and may hold potential for different types of patients. However, we question to what extent game-based rewards are suitable in a persuasive game design for a substance dependence therapy context, as people with substance-related disorders show decreased sensitivity to natural rewards, which may result in different responses to commonly applied game rewards compared to people without substance use disorders. In a within-subject experiment with 20 substance dependent and 25 non-dependent participants, we examined whether play persistence and reward evaluation differed between the two groups. Results showed that in contrast to our expectations, substance dependent participants were more motivated by the types of rewards compared to non-substance dependent participants. Participants evaluated monetary rewards more positively than playing for virtual points or social rewards. We conclude this paper with design implications of game-based rewards in persuasive games for mental healthcare.
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Henderson JL, Brownlie EB, McMain S, Chaim G, Wolfe DA, Rush B, Boritz T, Beitchman JH. Enhancing prevention and intervention for youth concurrent mental health and substance use disorders: The Research and Action for Teens study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:110-119. [PMID: 28745011 PMCID: PMC6492445 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent mental health and substance use disorders among youth are associated with functional impairment in developmentally salient domains, yet research on prevention and intervention for this vulnerable population is sparse. This paper describes the rationale and design of the Research and Action for Teens study, an initiative designed to strengthen the evidence base for prevention, screening, treatment and service delivery for youth concurrent mental health and substance use concerns. METHODS Four sub-studies were developed: (1) a cohort study examining the emergence of mental health and substance use concerns from early to mid-adolescence; (2) a screening and diagnosis study validating screening tools with a diagnostic interview; (3) a treatment study examining the feasibility and effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy skills training interventions for youth and family members; and (4) a systems study implementing cross-sectoral collaborative networks of youth-serving agencies using a common screening tool. RESULTS Multiple stakeholders, including service providers from youth-serving agencies across sectors, consumer groups and family members participated in an initial consultation, and in the implementation of 4 sub-studies. CONCLUSIONS Collaboration with community stakeholders across sectors and disciplines throughout the research process is challenging but feasible, and is important for the production of applicable knowledge across the continuum of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Henderson
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E B Brownlie
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley McMain
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gloria Chaim
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Wolfe
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Research & Education on Violence Against Women & Children, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Rush
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tali Boritz
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph H Beitchman
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mak HW, Iacovou M. Dimensions of the Parent-Child Relationship: Effects on Substance Use in Adolescence and Adulthood. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:724-736. [PMID: 30457893 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1536718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have uncovered a relationship between parenting styles and the likelihood that adolescents use tobacco, alcohol or illegal drugs. OBJECTIVES This paper extends existing research in two ways. First, we consider a longer time-frame, investigating the relationship between parenting in adolescence and substance use in adulthood. Second, we explore the pathways by which this relationship is expressed, in particular the extent to which the relationships in question are mediated by age at first use and depression. METHODS Our analysis is based on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), N = 2954, and is conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM). We consider warmth and control as distinct dimensions of parenting, as well as a typology of parenting which combines the two dimensions. RESULTS Warmth is associated with reduced risks of problem substance use in adulthood, via reduced risks of early initiation and a lower risk of depression. Parental control also has a protective effect via reduced risks of early initiation, but this is offset by a detrimental effect on depression, particularly in the case of older adolescents. We also find that indulgent parenting is not associated with extra risk of any kind compared with the authoritative style, whereas authoritarian and neglectful styles are. Conclusions/Importance: The nexus of relationships which we uncover has implications for policy aimed at reducing substance use in the longer term, suggesting that initiatives to promote warm and responsive parenting may be most effective in reducing the risks of later substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Wan Mak
- a Department of Sociology , University of Cambridge, Free School Lane , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Maria Iacovou
- a Department of Sociology , University of Cambridge, Free School Lane , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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Milojevich HM, Russell MA, Quas JA. Unpacking the Associations Among Maltreatment, Disengagement Coping, and Behavioral Functioning in High-Risk Youth. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2018; 23:355-364. [PMID: 29865887 PMCID: PMC7986292 DOI: 10.1177/1077559518778805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the association between child maltreatment and a host of negative behavioral consequences, there remains a need to continue to identify mechanisms underlying this association as a means of improving intervention efforts. The present study examined one potential mechanism, namely, disengagement coping. We asked 6- to 17-year-old maltreated ( n = 249) and comparison ( n = 133) youth questions about emotional experiences that induced sadness and anger, strategies they used to cope with those emotions, and behavioral functioning (i.e., behavioral problems and aggression). Maltreated adolescents reported higher levels of behavioral problems and aggression relative to comparison adolescents, and adolescents who disengaged from emotional situations reported more behavioral problems relative to those who did not disengage. Tests of mediation suggested that, for adolescent-age youth, part of the association between maltreatment status and behavioral problems was explained by disengagement. In children, maltreatment was not associated with disengagement or behavioral problems. Results have implications for understanding age-related differences in the emotional and behavioral consequences of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Milojevich
- 1 Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Russell
- 2 Department of Health and Human Services, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jodi A Quas
- 3 Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Is the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Screening Guide Useful for Identifying Adolescents at Risk for Later Cigarette Smoking? A Prospective Study in Primary Care Clinics. J Addict Med 2018; 13:119-122. [PMID: 30273256 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper evaluated whether a 2-item assessment of alcohol use risk, developed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA SG), prospectively predicted smoking status among a sample of adolescents visiting their primary care physician. METHODS We analyzed a sample of 651 adolescents (57.80% female; 56.53% Hispanic, 22.73% African American, 14.44% White, 6.30% other) who completed the NIAAA SG at a baseline appointment and were assessed for future smoking risk. We obtained prospective data on smoking status using data from the 6-month post-baseline follow-up assessment. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses revealed that adolescents who were identified as at risk by the NIAAA SG were more likely to report smoking within 6 months. However, the association between the NIAAA SG and future smoking status became non-significant after controlling for future smoking risk measured at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Questions that ask about past smoking and future smoking intentions are best used to screen adolescents in primary care for smoking risk.
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Rabinowitz JA, Musci RJ, Milam AJ, Benke K, Uhl GR, Sisto DY, Ialongo NS, Maher BS. The interplay between externalizing disorders polygenic risk scores and contextual factors on the development of marijuana use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 191:365-373. [PMID: 30195949 PMCID: PMC8005265 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing disorders have been extensively linked to substance use problems. However, less is known about whether genetic factors underpinning externalizing disorders and environmental features interact to predict substance use disorders (i.e., marijuana abuse and dependence) among urban African Americans. We examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for conduct disorder (CD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) interacted with contextual factors (i.e., parental monitoring, community disadvantage) to influence risk for marijuana use disorders in a sample of African American youth. Participants (N=1,050; 44.2% male) were initially recruited for an elementary school-based universal prevention trial in a Mid-Atlantic city and followed through age 20. Participants reported on their parental monitoring in sixth grade and whether they were diagnosed with marijuana abuse or dependence at age 20. Blood or saliva samples were genotyped using the Affymetrix 6.0 microarrays. The CD and ADHD PRS were created based on genome-wide association studies conducted by Dick et al. (2010) and Demontis et al. (2017), respectively. Community disadvantage was calculated based on census data when participants were in sixth grade. There was an interaction between the CD PRS and community disadvantage such that a higher CD PRS was associated with greater risk for a marijuana use disorder at higher levels of neighborhood disadvantage. This finding should be interpreted with caution owing to the number of significance tests performed. Implications for etiological models and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Adam J Milam
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Kelly Benke
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - George R Uhl
- New Mexico VA Healthcare System, 1501 San Pedro Drive, SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108 United States
| | - Danielle Y Sisto
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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43
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Anderson SL, Zheng Y, McMahon RJ. Do Callous-Unemotional Traits and Conduct Disorder Symptoms Predict the Onset and Development of Adolescent Substance Use? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:688-698. [PMID: 29455341 PMCID: PMC6097951 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite strong evidence of the relationship between conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and substance use, it is unclear how callous-unemotional (CU) traits predict substance use over and above CD symptoms, and their potential interaction. This study used data from 753 participants followed from grade 7 to 2-years post-high school. Latent growth curve models showed that CU traits predicted the onset of cigarette use, alcohol misuse, and a substance use composite at grade 7 only when no CD symptoms were present. Among those without CD symptoms, boys showed greater change in the odds of using cigarettes, and were more likely to misuse alcohol or use any substance at grade 7 than girls. However, CD symptoms, CU traits, and their interaction did not predict the linear rates of growth of substance use over time. Thus, CU traits may uniquely predict adolescent substance use when CD symptoms are not present. This research has implications for predicting onset of adolescent substance use and for incorporating the assessment of CU traits into interventions targeting adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Institute for the Reduction of Youth Violence, Simon Fraser University, RCB 7220.1, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- B. C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Institute for the Reduction of Youth Violence, Simon Fraser University, RCB 7220.1, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- B. C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Bouchard M, Dawson KL, Anamali M. Waiting for the Right One: The Role of Social Proximity and Location in the Decision to Use Cannabis for the First Time. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042618788835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study examines the social context of a cannabis offer, an outcome rarely examined in research on substance use. Drawing from a survey conducted among 15-year-old students in a mid-sized Canadian city, we examine (a) the differences between three types of users (immediate, late, and nonusers) and (b) the factors associated with accepting a cannabis offer more quickly. The findings show that 40% of the sample received an offer, that 25% of those who accept an offer do so on the first occasion, and that among the others, it takes up to seven offers before accepting. The social context of the offer distinguishes between the types of users, and offers are accepted more quickly when adolescents are first offered by a close social contact, and when the offer occurs in familiar settings. The study also identifies a type of nonuser, those who are exposed to drugs but decide not to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Morena Anamali
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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45
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Silva CF, Rocha P, Santos P. Consumption of licit and illicit substances in Portuguese young people: a population-based cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3042-3052. [PMID: 29996676 PMCID: PMC6134656 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518767588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of addictive substances is common in adolescence and raises concerns about future addiction. We investigated addictive substance consumption among young people to inform the design of drug intervention programmes. Methods Participants were a population-based sample of 14- to 24-year-olds from Paredes, northern Portugal. A self-report questionnaire measured social and health variables, including tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug consumption. Results Data were analysed for 731 valid responses. Participants who had drunk alcohol did so first at 14.7 years (mean); 15.3% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 12.9–18.1) drank alcohol regularly (more than 1/week, adjusted for age and sex) (95% CI: 12.9–18.1). Participants who had smoked tobacco did so first at 14.8 years (mean); 16.6% (95% CI: 14.0–19.5) were regular smokers. Illicit drug consumption was reported by 16.7% of participants (95% CI: 14.2–19.6) and 10.4% consumed drugs regularly. Conclusion We found a high prevalence of addictive substance consumption, particularly alcohol. As cultural attitudes likely influence alcohol consumption, a multigenerational approach is needed to address adolescent consumption. Participants’ main sources of drug information were family members. Strategies are needed to promote drug literacy in parents and other relatives to change adolescents’ culturally acquired habits of addictive substance consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Franclim Silva
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Rocha
- 2 Higher Institute for Accountancy and Administration, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Santos
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,3 Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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46
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Kliewer W, Sosnowski DW, Wilkins S, Garr K, Booth C, McGuire K, Wright AW. Do Parent-Adolescent Discrepancies Predict Deviant Peer Affiliation and Subsequent Substance Use? J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2596-2607. [PMID: 29916186 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests parent-adolescent discrepancies regarding adolescent disclosure can provide insight into parent-child relations and adolescent adjustment. However, pathways linking discrepancies to adjustment are not well known. We tested a model linking parent-adolescent discrepancies in disclosure to adolescent substance use through affiliation with deviant peers. Using three annual waves of data from a community-based study (N = 357; 91% African American; 53% female; Mage = 13.13 years, SD = 1.62 years at baseline), findings revealed that adolescent-reported secrecy and deviant peer affiliation were positively associated with substance use one and two years later, respectively, but there was no evidence of mediation. The results highlight associations of adolescent secrecy and adjustment, and the role peers play in adolescent substance use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - David W Sosnowski
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sawyer Wilkins
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Katlyn Garr
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carolyn Booth
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kristina McGuire
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anna W Wright
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Abstract
Legislative reforms have legalized use of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes. Efforts to evaluate the public health impact of these changes have predominantly focused on determining whether liberalizing cannabis policies has increased cannabis use patterns. Co-use of cannabis and other licit substances, namely tobacco and alcohol, is common during the developmental period of adolescence, which is generally characterized by an increase in risk-taking and novelty-seeking. However, limited research has sought to evaluate the potential implications of reforms to medical and recreational cannabis laws on concurrent and simultaneous use of cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol during adolescence. The current report reviews the extant literature detailing the prevalence and outcomes associated with concurrent and simultaneous cannabis-tobacco and cannabis-alcohol use, including recent work that has examined how concurrent and simultaneous use may be influenced by cannabis reform. This review details how the cannabis landscape and cannabis retail marketplace have evolved and briefly summarizes the corresponding policy and regulatory challenges that have emerged. The report concludes with a focused cannabis co-use research agenda that adopts different strategies including behavioural economic, self-administration, and survey research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. Schlienz
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dustin C. Lee
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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48
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Rømer Thomsen K, Callesen MB, Hesse M, Kvamme TL, Pedersen MM, Pedersen MU, Voon V. Impulsivity traits and addiction-related behaviors in youth. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:317-330. [PMID: 29642723 PMCID: PMC6174598 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Impulsivity is a risk factor for addictive behaviors. The UPPS-P impulsivity model has been associated with substance addiction and gambling disorder, but its role in other non-substance addiction-related behaviors is less understood. We sought to examine associations between UPPS-P impulsivity traits and indicators of multiple substance and non-substance addiction-related behaviors in youth with varying involvement in these behaviors. Methods Participants (N = 109, aged 16-26 years, 69% males) were selected from a national survey based on their level of externalizing problems to achieve a broad distribution of involvement in addiction-related behaviors. Participants completed the UPPS-P Questionnaire and standardized questionnaires assessing problematic use of substances (alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs) and non-substances (Internet gaming, pornography, and food). Regression analyses were used to assess associations between impulsivity traits and indicators of addiction-related behaviors. Results The UPPS-P model was positively associated with indicators of all addiction-related behaviors except problematic Internet gaming. In the fully adjusted models, sensation seeking and lack of perseverance were associated with problematic use of alcohol, urgency was associated with problematic use of cannabis, and lack of perseverance was associated with problematic use of other drugs than cannabis. Furthermore, urgency and lack of perseverance were associated with binge eating and lack of perseverance was associated with problematic use of pornography. Discussion and conclusions We emphasize the role of trait impulsivity across multiple addiction-related behaviors. Our findings in at-risk youth highlight urgency and lack of perseverance as potential predictors for the development of addictions and as potential preventative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Rømer Thomsen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Corresponding author: Kristine Rømer Thomsen; Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 10, Building 1322, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Phone: +45 87 16 54 47; Fax: +45 87 16 44 20; E-mail:
| | - Mette Buhl Callesen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Hesse
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Timo Lehmann Kvamme
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Mulbjerg Pedersen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Uffe Pedersen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Physical Activity and the Development of Substance Use Disorders: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. PROGRESS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2018; 3. [PMID: 30345414 PMCID: PMC6192057 DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise are positive health behaviors that have been shown to reduce the risk of physical and psychological diseases. There is a strong rationale that physical activity could be a protective factor against the development of substance use disorders (SUDs), which include some of the most common mental health conditions such as tobacco and alcohol use disorder. This review examined the epidemiological literature to describe the associations of physical activity and substance use across the lifespan. The findings indicated that physical activity is positively associated with current and future alcohol use but negatively associated with tobacco and other drug use, with the strongest support originating from adolescent and young adult samples. Considerably less data exist on physical activity and other drug use in later life. Limitations in previous studies, such as the indeterminate measurement of physical activity and absence of clinical substance use disorder endpoints, should be addressed in future investigations to provide clarity regarding the strength and directions of these relationships among different substances and populations.
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Schmits E, Quertemont E. Components of social anxiety prevent cannabis use in adolescents. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1448472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Schmits
- Faculté de Psychologie, Logopédie et Sciences de l’Education, Université de Liège, Belgium
- Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Etienne Quertemont
- Faculté de Psychologie, Logopédie et Sciences de l’Education, Université de Liège, Belgium
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