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Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiproliferative Activity of Sorghum Lignin (Sorghum bicolor) Treated with Ultrasonic Pulses. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030394. [PMID: 36984833 PMCID: PMC10053315 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to determine the effect of high-power ultrasonic pulses on the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) lignin. A lignin yield of 7.35% was obtained using the organosolv method. Additionally, the best conditions of the ultrasonic pulses were optimized to obtain a more significant increase in antioxidant capacity, resulting in 10 min for all treatments, with amplitudes of 20% for DPPH and FRAP, 18% for ABTS, and 14% for total phenols. The effect of ultrasonic pulses was mainly observed with FRAP (1694.88 µmol TE/g), indicating that the main antioxidant mechanism of lignin is through electron transport. Sorghum lignin with and without ultrasonic pulses showed high percentages of hemolysis inhibition (>80%) at concentrations of 0.003 to 0.33 mg/mL. The AB blood group and, in general, all Rh- groups are the most susceptible to hemolysis. Lignin showed high anti-inflammatory potential due to heat and hypotonicity (>82%). A higher antimicrobial activity of lignin on Escherichia coli bacteria was observed. The lignins evaluated without sonication and sonication presented higher activity in the cell line PC-3. No effect was observed on the lignin structure with the FT-IR technique between sonication and non-sonication; however, the organosolv method helped extract pure lignin according to HPLC.
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Gupta V, Panigrahi B, De S, Nariya MB. Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of Rhuflex-F - A proprietary Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation in albino rats. Ayu 2023; 44:30-37. [PMID: 38505109 PMCID: PMC10946666 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_327_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rhuflex-F is a proprietary Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation clinically used to combat and relieve stiffness in joints and muscles, reduce edema, restore mobility, and also effective in relieving the symptoms of other autoimmune illnesses that lead to rheumatism. Aims The aim and objective of the research study is to evaluate the efficacy of Rhuflex-F against in vitro protein denaturation and in vivo Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats. Materials and methods In vitro inhibition of protein denaturation activity was carried out using bovine serum albumin. For in vivo activity, arthritis was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in albino rats. Rhuflex-F (135-270 mg/kg, po) was administered for 30th days in arthritic rats, and effects were assessed on primary and secondary paw edema, on pain response, hematological, serum biochemical parameters (serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid, and orosomucoid), and serum anti-oxidant parameters and adrenal ascorbic acid. Results Aqueous extract of Rhuflex-F showed in vitro protein denaturation inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Rhuflex-F showed nonsignificant decrease in primary and secondary paw edema with reduced pain response, some reversal effects on hematological parameters such as white blood cell and red blood cell related parameters and serum orosomucoid and adrenal ascorbic acid in comparison to Fruend's adjuvant control group. Further, Rhuflex-F reversed Freund's adjuvant-induced adverse effects on oxidant status in the serum of albino rats. Conclusion Result of the present study suggested that Rhuflex-F formulation has anti-inflammatory activity, may be due to the inhibition of protein denaturation in vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic activity against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerendra Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Balaji Panigrahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Subrata De
- Zoetic Ayurvedics Pvt., Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukeshkumar B. Nariya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Bisht A, Jain S, Misra A, Dwivedi J, Paliwal S, Sharma S. Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don: A review of traditional use, phytochemical composition and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114361. [PMID: 34166738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don (Family: Pinaceae) is a medicinal tree traditionally important and well mentioned in traditional system of medicine of India, Pakistan, China, Korea etc. for its use in the management of skin diseases, microbial infections, joint disorders, asthma, kidney stones, ulcer, brain disorders and immunological disorders. AIM AND OBJECTIVES This review provides an insight into the information available regarding traditional uses, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and, pharmacological profiling of C. deodara crude extract, its isolated compounds and, fractions, to explore its potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Various databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ACS, Wiley, Web of Science, Springer Link and, PubMed were used to collect all the appropriate information available in previously published literature related to this plant. Besides, other official electronic sources viz. Encyclopedia Britannica and Northern Regional Center, Botanical Survey of India, theplantlist.org. and relevant book chapters and books were also explored. RESULTS C. deodara is a popular medicinally active tree, traditionally used in the form of decoction, syrup, oil, powder, and extract alone or in combination with other herbs for the management of different ailments viz. asthma, ulcers, bone fractures, sprains rheumatism, boils, leprosy, etc. Phytochemical studies reported 105 chemical constituents from different parts of the plant, most of them belong to a class of terpenoids and flavonoids. Crude extracts, essential oils, fractions, and isolated compounds of C. deodara exhibited some important pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antiurolithiatic, antiarthritic and, antiasthmatic. CONCLUSION Present article delivers in-depth information on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. C. deodara has been in practice among indigenous people of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Korea, China, Nigeria and Russia and 28 different ethnicities for the management of approximately 40 diseases. Bioactive compounds particularly cedrin, himachalol, himachalene and atlantone are recognized as key constituents for observed pharmacological activities of C. deodara. However, further in-depth studies involving bio-guided fractionation, isolation, identification using advanced techniques to afford some new therapeutically active phytoconstituents in the management of different diseases. Preliminary pharmacological investigations on different extracts and fractions of C. deodara partially validated its traditional claims in different ailments such as skin diseases, asthma, neurological disorders, arthritis, microbial infections, gastric disturbances, and inflammation. However, immediate attempts are required to establish its mechanism of action, efficacy, dosage range, and safety in combating different pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Apoorva Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
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Ahsan H, Haider I, Mushtaq MN, Qaisar MN, Naqvi F, Asif A. Pharmacological support to anti-arthritic prospective of physostigmine: a new approach. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1119-1129. [PMID: 34224070 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a slowly progressing inflammatory autoimmune disease. Several features are involved in the RA pathogenesis in addition to environmental and genetic factors. Previously it has been reported that acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity is enhanced in old age and may contribute in the progression of RA. The current experimental work was projected to assess the activity of physostigmine (a cholinesterase inhibitor) for treatment of RA. In vitro and in vivo approaches were used for such evaluation. However, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was performed to determine the concentrations of Prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-α in arthritic rats after treatment with physostigmine. Moreover, anti-oxidant assays were employed to calculate the level of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase peroxidase (CAT) in tissue of treated animals. The results claimed the dose dependent protective and stabilizing effect of physostigmine on denaturation of albumin (egg and bovine serum) protein and human red blood cell membrane, respectively, through in vitro studies. Furthermore, the physostigmine (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the swelling of paw after induction of arthritis with formaldehyde or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as compared to arthritic control animals. Moreover, significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the levels of inflammatory markers (PGE2 and TNF-α) at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg of physostigmine has been observed in ELISA test. Likewise, there was a prominent rise in levels of SOD and CAT in animals treated with physostigmine. These findings pharmacologically conclude the anti-arthritic effect of physostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Ihtisham Haider
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Farwa Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Awais Asif
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Ahsan H, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Jahan S, Shahzad M, Asim MH. Potential of ephedrine to suppress the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2: A novel approach towards management of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2021; 282:119825. [PMID: 34274310 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complicated perpetual auto-immune disorder allied with synovial hyperplasia, hyperalgesia, bone destruction, cartilage erosion and eventually physical impairment. Dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a reported hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs targeting adrenergic receptors may be suitable to attenuate arthritis. MAIN METHODS This experimental work employed ephedrine (adrenergic agonist) for appraisal of its anti-arthritic potential by using CFA-provoked arthritic animal model. Physical parameters (Paw volume/diameter, arthritic index and weight) were assessed through whole study period. Blood sample was drawn by cardiac puncture for various tests like RF value, C-RP, ELISA, RFTs and LFTs. RNA was isolated from blood and expression of inflammatory cytokines was estimated through q-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Ephedrine alleviated swelling in paw and reinstated the body weight, hematological and biochemical indices of experimental animal. This drug (40 mg/kg PO) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the expression (measured as percent expression) of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 (54, 59 and 49% respectively) in arthritic animals. On the other side, cell derived anti-inflammatory mediators were expressed more in animals treated with same dose of ephedrine. Furthermore, inhibitory effect on expression of PGE2 was significantly (p < 0.001) observed in all treatment groups of ephedrine in comparison with standard treatment. SIGNIFICANCE This study ascertained the ephedrine as prospective therapeutic alternative candidate for treatment of RA but limited for clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | | | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, University college of Pharmacy, University of Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Heinrich M, Jiang H, Scotti F, Booker A, Walt H, Weckerle C, Maake C. Medicinal plants from the Himalayan region for potential novel antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory skin treatments. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:956-967. [PMID: 33886964 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adequate treatment of wounds remains one of the major medical needs globally, most notably in the regions with poor or limited access to health care. In many local and traditional systems of medicine, plants are often widely used for treating infected wounds. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The overarching aim of this project was selection of potential species for use in a future treatment by combining with plant resources with aspects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Specifically, we focussed on species used locally in the Himalayan region for the treatment of skin disorders and then assessed the existing pharmacological evidence for key species based on the published evidence available. METHODS Database searches were performed to identify relevant publications describing local and traditional uses of plants in the Himalayan region of Bhutan, PR China, India, Nepal and Pakistan. Using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), species were researched in terms of their distribution including in different climatic regions, focussing on species mostly found in higher climatic zones (based on the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). For species used in three or more countries and restricted to the higher altitudes, data on safety, pharmacology, as it relates to dermatological conditions, and phytochemistry were retrieved. KEY FINDINGS The study identified a total of 606 species that are used in the treatment of various skin conditions often associated with infections reported in 84 articles. Common weeds like Ageratum conyzoides and Bidens pilosa, widely used and cultivated species like Centealla asiatiaca and Prunus armenica were excluded. This ultimately led to the identification of a core group of five widely used species restricted to the Himalayan region (Cedrus deodara, Nardostachys jatamansi, Pinus wallichiana, Pinus roxburghii and Valeriana jatamansi). CONCLUSIONS Here we apply a novel approach comprising an assessment of the published information on the use of medicinal plants (i.e. local and traditional knowledge) in the context of their potential to be used in a biomedical form of clinical treatment - aPDT. Then, once sustainable sourcing based on access and benefit-sharing arrangements is in place, these species are investigated for their potential in wound treatment. Ultimately, the goal is to develop a new baseline for primary health care in some of the regions of the world with poor or limited access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy', UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.,'Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine', and 'Chinese Medicine Research Center', China Medical University, Beitun District, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haiping Jiang
- Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy', UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Scotti
- Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy', UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Booker
- Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy', UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.,Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Heinrich Walt
- Department for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Weckerle
- Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ahsan H, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Shahzad M, Asim MH, Akram M, Zafar MS. Anti-rheumatic activity of pseudoephedrine (a substituted phenethylamine) in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by down regulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as upregulating IL-4 and IL-10. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:673-682. [PMID: 33772383 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoephedrine (substituted phenethylamine) is well known as psychotic and bronchodilator. Numerous studies on phenethylamine derivatives indicated that these agents have the potential to abolish inflammatory responses in the non-biological and biological systems. These facts provided the basis to conduct a study on pseudoephedrine to explore its therapeutics in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Furthermore, existing treatment approaches for RA associated with limited effect on chronic immunological models. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was performed to execute the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in treated and non-treated arthritic rats. These findings were further co investigate by histological observations. The paw volume, paw diameter, weight variations and arthritic score were determined at specific days throughout the experiment of 28 days. Pseudoephedrine at all doses significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed the expression of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, pseudoephedrine (20 and 40 mg/kg) caused significant augmentation of IL-4 and IL-10. Similarly, the drug expressed a significant anti-arthritic effect by reducing the paw volume, paw diameter and arthritic score. Similarly, it also reverts the reduction in body weight of arthritic rats at all above-mentioned doses. These findings supported the anti-arthritic potential of pseudoephedrine and recommended it for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Akram
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
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I S A, Krishnan S, Peter J, Sabu V, Helen A. Scientific validation of anti-arthritic effect of Kashayams - A polyherbal formulation in collagen induced arthritic rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:20-27. [PMID: 30660454 PMCID: PMC8039352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) mediates activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) resulting in induction of proinflammatory genes such as that encoding tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) which played a significant role in cartilage destruction of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low risk and better efficacy made herbal drugs more reliable than nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in RA treatment. Gugguluthiktam Kashayam (GuK), Punarnavadi Kashayam (PuK) and Balaguluchiadi Kashayam (BgK) are ayurvedic polyherbal formulations prescribed in classical ayurvedic texts Sahasrayogam and Ashtangahridayam as medicines for the treatment of RA. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of anti-arthritic effect of these Kashayams on TLR-4 signal transduction pathway in collagen induced arthritic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The wistar rats grouped into group I - Normal, group II- Collagen induced arthritis (CIA), group III- CIA + BgK, group IV- CIA + PuK, group V- CIA + GuK, group VI - CIA + Indomethacin (3 mg/kg b.wt.). Treatment with Kashayam (2 ml/kg b.wt) started after 14 days of primary immunization with type II collagen and continued for a period of 45 days. RESULTS Arthritis index, C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum and protein level of TLR-4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) in cartilage were significantly elevated in CIA rats. Further, treatment with Kashayams downregulated all these inflammatory mediators hitherto TLR-4-NF-kB signal transduction pathway except IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine which showed a reverse effect. CONCLUSION This molecular mechanism of the investigation confirmed the clinical efficacy of Kashayams in preventing the progression of RA and gave an intuition of the scientific validation of Kashayams, an Ayurvedic classical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy I S
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Santhi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Jasmine Peter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Vidya Sabu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - A Helen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India.
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Huang XF, Chang KF, Lee SC, Sheu GT, Li CY, Weng JC, Hsiao CY, Tsai NM. Extract Derived from Cedrus atlantica Acts as an Antitumor Agent on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204608. [PMID: 33050385 PMCID: PMC7594045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cedrus atlantica is widely used in herbal medicine. However, the anti-cancer activity of C. atlantica extract (CAt extract) has not been clarified in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the study, we elucidated the anti-hepatoma capacity of CAt extract on HCC in vitro and in vivo. To explore the anti-hepatoma mechanisms of the CAt extract in vitro, HCC and normal cells were treated with the CAt extract, which showed marked inhibitory effects on HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner; in contrast, the CAt extract treatment was less cytotoxic to normal cells. In addition, our results indicate that the CAt extract induced apoptosis via caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis pathways. Furthermore, the CAt extract inhibited HCC tumor cell growth by restraining cell cycle progression, and it reduced the signaling of the AKT, ERK1/2, and p38 pathways. In the xenograft model, the CAt extract suppressed HCC tumor cell growth and prolonged lifespan by inhibiting PCNA protein expression, repressing part of the VEGF-induced autocrine pathway, and triggering strong expression of cleaved caspase-3, which contributed to cell apoptosis. Moreover, the CAt extract did not induce any obvious changes in pathological morphology or body weight, suggesting it had no toxicity. CAt extract exerted anti-tumor effects on HCC in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CAt extract could be used as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic agent against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (X.-F.H.); (K.-F.C.); (G.-T.S.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fu Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (X.-F.H.); (K.-F.C.); (G.-T.S.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chih Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (X.-F.H.); (K.-F.C.); (G.-T.S.)
| | - Chia-Yu Li
- Department of Life and Death, Nanhua University, Chiayi 62249, Taiwan;
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (N.-M.T.); Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 12411) (N.-M.T.); Fax: +886-4-2324-8171 (N.-M.T.)
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (N.-M.T.); Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 12411) (N.-M.T.); Fax: +886-4-2324-8171 (N.-M.T.)
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Marrelli M, Amodeo V, Perri MR, Conforti F, Statti G. Essential Oils and Bioactive Components against Arthritis: A Novel Perspective on Their Therapeutic Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9101252. [PMID: 32977657 PMCID: PMC7598204 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are known to possess a number of beneficial properties. Their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cancer-preventing activities have been extensively reported. Due to their wide use as food preservers and additives, as well as their use in agriculture, perfumes, and make-up products, these complex mixtures of volatile compounds have gained importance from a commercial point of view, not only in the pharmaceutical industry, but also in agronomic, food, cosmetic, and perfume industries. An analysis of the recent scientific literature allowed us to highlight the presence of an increasing number of studies on the potential antiarthritic properties of EOs and their main constituents, which seems to suggest a new interesting potential therapeutic application. The aim of this review is to examine the current knowledge on the beneficial effects of essential oils in the treatment of arthritic diseases, providing an overview of the reports on the in vivo and in vitro effects of EOs. Furthermore, this review critically examines the recent findings on the potential roles of the main components of EOs in the exerted beneficial effects. Obtained negative results are also reported.
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Bhardwaj K, Islam MT, Jayasena V, Sharma B, Sharma S, Sharma P, Kuča K, Bhardwaj P. Review on essential oils, chemical composition, extraction, and utilization of some conifers in Northwestern Himalayas. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2889-2910. [PMID: 32515528 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are regarded as alternative therapeutic agents for many diseases. In phytotherapy research areas, it is now well reported that conifers are the rich source of EOs. This review aims to update information on the biological sources and the best extraction processes of the significant constituents along with the traditional and therapeutic properties of the EOs from selected conifers of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya. In the present review, ten conifer species of high values have been selected. Results from several studies suggest that the conifers contain monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, ketones, alcohols, and esters, which are used in medicines, food products, and cosmetics as well as other commercial and industrial products. Traditionally, the EOs from the conifers have been reported to be used against fever, cough, bronchitis, skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and asthma. The pharmacological studies suggest that these EOs can be used as antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, aphrodisiac, and astringent agents. It is, therefore, concluded that the EOs from the conifers might be one of the promising tools for the treatment of various diseases. Extensive research is required to ascertain the efficacy of the EOs from unstudied conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Somesh Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Himachal Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, Shimla, India
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Prerna Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
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Arora M, Kaur M, Bansal P, Arora M. ATC/DDD Directed Classification of Neural Ayurvedic Medicines. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083804666181002093557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:People have been using herbs for health care since Vedic times. Due to resurgence of ayurveda, utilization and consumption of herbal medicines is tremendously increasing leading to a significant percentage of the pharmaceutical market. The huge commercial benefits of herbal products are capturing the interest of pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Hence the safety and quality of medicinal plant materials and finished herbal medicinal products have become a major concern for health authorities, pharmaceutical industries as well as to the public. Presently, plenty of clinical trials are being conducted on herbal medicines; however, absence of harmonized classification has led to various confusions. The most important concern is the disputed identity of ayurvedic formulations sold under different brand names in different regions of the country and world. Recently, allopathic medicines have been classified by WHO on the basis of ATC/DDD (Anatomical- Therapeutic-Chemical/Daily Defined Dose) pattern of classification. The absence of such type of classification for ayurvedic products creates a situation of non recognition of these products in the international market. Hence there is a need to develop a classification system that is on the lines of ATC/DDD so that particular herb may qualify a product to be recognised under one name all over the world.Materials and Methods:Keeping in view the above scenario, a classification system is being proposed for ayurvedic products. The ayurvedic formulations and their site of action have been searched from various Ayurvedic texts. Internet sources such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, JSTOR etc.Results:The major reason for adopting similar classification for herbal medicines is that ayurvedic texts given by various scholars are published in Sanskrit or in the local/regional languages which make it difficult for the researchers to access, understand and interpret the knowledge shared.Conclusion:It is utmost important to generate such classification for herbal medicines as it will generate a classification data which can further be exploited for safety, efficacy as well as quality control purposes. Moreover, innovative classification will be helpful to provide standardized as well as a uniform way to classify the various herbal drugs and to generate new avenues for further ayurvedic research with more degree of precision. The classification will enable a product to be known under one banner/name at international level. Since the market is flooded with formulations related with neural disorders, hence herbal products used in neural disorders have been taken in the first phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Arora
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
| | - Parveen Bansal
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
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Sobeh M, El-Raey M, Rezq S, Abdelfattah MAO, Petruk G, Osman S, El-Shazly AM, El-Beshbishy HA, Mahmoud MF, Wink M. Chemical profiling of secondary metabolites of Eugenia uniflora and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pain killing and anti-diabetic activities: A comprehensive approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111939. [PMID: 31095981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The red Brazilian cherry, Eugenia uniflora, is widely used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition of a methanol extract from leaves of E. uniflora and characterization of the isolated compounds. In addition, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activities in vitro and in a cell-based (HaCaT cell) model. We also studied the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antidiabetic activities in relevant rat models. The molecular mode of action of the antidiabetic activities was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS UV, MS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) were used to identify the secondary metabolites. Antioxidant effects were determined in vitro and in HaCaT cells. The ani-inflammatory and antidibetic activities were studied in experimental animals. RESULTS In this work, a new compound, gallic acid 3-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside], along with 16 known plant secondary metabolites (PSM) were isolated, characterized using UV, MS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC). Noticeable antioxidant effects were determined in HaCaT cells: The extract reduced the elevated levels of ROS and p38 phosphorylation and increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) content induced by UVA. The extract showed substantial anti-inflammatory activities in vivo: It diminished the edema thickness in carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema rat model and lowered the leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity. In rats, central and peripheral anti-nociceptive properties were also observed: The extract reduced the number of writhing in acid induced writhing and increased the latency time in hot plate test. Furthermore, adequate antipyretic effects were observed: The extract reduced the elevated rectal temperature in rats after intraperitoneal injection of Brewer's yeast. Moreover, the extract possessed robust anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ) -diabetic rats: It markedly reduced the elevated serum glucose and lipid peroxidation levels and increased the insulin concentration in serum with higher potency than the positive control, glibenclamide. These effects might be associated with the interaction of PSM with the conserved amino acid residues of human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA), maltase glucoamylase (MGAM-C) and aldose reductase (ALR2) revealing considerable binding affinities. CONCLUSION A plethora of substantial pharmacological properties indicates that Eugenia uniflora is a good antioxidant and a sustainable by-product with solid therapeutic potential for treating diabetes, inflammation, pain and related oxidative stress diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed El-Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A O Abdelfattah
- Department of Science, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Ganna Petruk
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Samir Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Beshbishy
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 2537, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Douros A, Christopoulou A, Kikionis S, Nikolaou K, Skaltsa H. Volatile Components of Heartwood, Sapwood, and Resin From a Dated Cedrus brevifolia. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19859125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the heartwood and the sapwood of a thick wood disc from a dated Cedrus brevifolia trunk, and the resin were analyzed for their volatile components. All samples were subjected to headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. The main constituents were β-himachalene (22.2 %) in heartwood and (25.0 %) in sapwood, and α-pinene (37.8 %) in resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Douros
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Anastasia Christopoulou
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kikionis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | | | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
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Tong Z, Cheng L, Song J, Wang M, Yuan J, Li X, Gao H, Wu Z. Therapeutic effects of Caesalpinia minax Hance on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis and the anti-inflammatory activity of cassane diterpenes as main active components. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:90-96. [PMID: 30114517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seeds of Caesalpinia minax Hance called 'Ku-Shi-Lian' (KSL) in China have been used as Zhuang or Dai folk medicines for treatment of common cold, fever, rheumatoid arthritis and dysentery for hundred years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate therapeutic efficacy of KSL extract using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis in a rat model and the anti-inflammatory activity of cassane diterpenes as the main active material basis of this herb. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arthritis was induced in male Wistar rats (200-220 g) by immunization with CFA. Dexamethasone (DXMS) and Tripterygium glycosides (TG) were chosen as the positive drugs. Water soluble fraction (CMW, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) and chloroform soluble fraction (CMC, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of KSL were orally administered from day 1 and continued for 21 days. Change of paw swelling perimeter, arthritics score, body weight growth, were observed, and the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The histological changes in the ankle joint were analyzed in adjuvant induced arthritis rats. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α of fourteen cassane diterpenes obtained from CMC extract were valued using the RAW 264.7 macrophages cell stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) assay. RESULTS The chloroform soluble fraction (CMC) showed the significantly suppressed change of paw swelling perimeter, arthritics score and increased body weight loss. The overproduction of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were remarkably suppressed in the serum. Fourteen cassane derivatives as the main constituents of CMC extract showed the promising activity on the expression mRNA of cytokine IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α produced by macrophages cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the chloroform soluble fraction of 'KSL' (seeds of C. minax) was found to exert an anti-RA activity significantly in vivo for the first time, which indicted this fraction might be used as a powerful therapeutic agent for arthritis treatments. Cassane diterpenes, as the main constituents in this fraction, showed the anti-inflammation activity through the regulation of cytokine expression, which might be developed as target-agents for this national herb further developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Tong
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhou Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuzhi Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhe Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaohua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang 157001, People's Republic of China.
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Oluwole OG, Ologe O, Alabi A, Tunde Yusuf G, Umukoro S. Anti-inflammatory effects and anti-oxidant capacity of Myrathius arboreus (Cecropiaceae) in experimental models. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:521-529. [PMID: 28350536 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is involved in various diseases; search for safe treatments is warranted. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Myrathius arboreus (EEMa) were studied in carrageenan-induced model, formaldehyde sub-acute-induced model, and in 48 h lipopolysaccharide-induced air pouch model of inflammation. EEMa membrane-stabilizing activities and anti-oxidant capacity were determined in vitro. METHODS In the carrageenan model EEMa (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg), indomethacin (5 mg/kg), or vehicle 3 mL/kg was administered orally in rats (n=5). After 1 h, 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan was injected into the right hind paw of rats. Change in edema sizes was measured for 3 h with plethysmometer. One-tenth milliliter (0.1 mL) of 2.5% formaldehyde was injected into the rat paw on the first day and the third day to induce sub-acute inflammation; changes in the edema sizes were determined, and percentages of inhibitions were calculated. Anti-inflammatory effects of EEMa were further examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced air-pouch based on leukocytes count, volume of exudates, levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxides, and tumor necrosis factor released into the inflammatory fluids. EEMa-free radicals scavenging activities were studied in DPPH and reducing power tests. Membrane-stabilizing activities of EEMa were evaluated in the red blood cell lysis induced by thermal and hypotonic solution. RESULTS EEMa (250, 500 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.001; p<0.05) inhibition of inflammation when compared with vehicle. Also, EEMa (250, 500, or 1000 μg/mL) significantly stabilized membrane and produced free radical scavenging activities. CONCLUSIONS M. arboreus possesses anti-inflammatory and the anti-oxidant properties that might benefit translational medicine.
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Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF, Petruk G, Rezq S, Ashour ML, Youssef FS, El-Shazly AM, Monti DM, Abdel-Naim AB, Wink M. Syzygium aqueum: A Polyphenol- Rich Leaf Extract Exhibits Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Pain-Killing and Anti-inflammatory Activities in Animal Models. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:566. [PMID: 29922158 PMCID: PMC5996109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium aqueum is widely used in folk medicine. A polyphenol-rich extract from its leaves demonstrated a plethora of substantial pharmacological properties. The extract showed solid antioxidant properties in vitro and protected human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) against UVA damage. The extract also reduced the elevated levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin (TB), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in rats with acute CCl4 intoxication. In addition to reducing the high MDA level, the extract noticeably restored GSH and SOD to the normal control levels in liver tissue homogenates and counteracted the deleterious histopathologic changes in liver after CCl4 injection. Additionally, the extract exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activities in vitro where it inhibited LOX, COX-1, and COX-2 with a higher COX-2 selectivity than that of indomethacin and diclofenac and reduced the extent of lysis of erythrocytes upon incubation with hypotonic buffer solution. S. aqueum extract also markedly reduced leukocyte numbers with similar activities to diclofenac in rats challenged with carrageenan. Additionally, administration of the extract abolished writhes induced by acetic acid in mice and prolonged the response latency in hot plate test. Meanwhile, the identified polyphenolics from the extract showed a certain affinity for the active pockets of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) explaining the observed anti-inflammatory activities. Finally, 87 secondary metabolites (mostly phenolics) were tentatively identified in the extract based on LC-MS/MS analyses. Syzygium aqueum displays good protection against oxidative stress, free radicals, and could be a good candidate for treating oxidative stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ganna Petruk
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Daria M Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Saab AM, Gambari R, Sacchetti G, Guerrini A, Lampronti I, Tacchini M, El Samrani A, Medawar S, Makhlouf H, Tannoury M, Abboud J, Diab-Assaf M, Kijjoa A, Tundis R, Aoun J, Efferth T. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of essential oils from Cedrus species. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1415-1427. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1346648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M. Saab
- Faculty of Science II, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Sacchetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guerrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Tacchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antoine El Samrani
- Faculty of Science II, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samir Medawar
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassane Makhlouf
- Faculty of Science II, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona Tannoury
- Faculty of Science II, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jihad Abboud
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Faculty of Science II, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS–Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Jawad Aoun
- Faculty of Science II, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Appiah S, Lawley B, Vu M, Bell C, Jones H. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Eladi Keram for the treatment of Acne vulgaris: a randomised controlled pilot study. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shabbir A, Shahzad M, Ali A, Zia-Ur-Rehman M. Discovery of New Benzothiazine Derivative as Modulator of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2017; 39:1918-1929. [PMID: 27561645 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activities of benzothiazine and pyrazole derivatives are well documented. A series of novel N'-arylmethylidene-2-(3,4-dimethyl-5,5-dioxidopyrazolo(4,3 c)(1,2) benzothiazin-2(4H)yl) acetohydrazide compounds were previously synthesized by combining benzothiazine and pyrazole moieties into a single nucleus. The current study investigates the anti-arthritic potential of 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl derivative (EHP) and its possible mechanism in arthritic rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced rheumatoid arthritis with Freund's complete adjuvant and treated with EHP and piroxicam. At the end of the study, arthritic score was calculated, and ankle joint histopathology was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine mRNA expression and protein levels of various inflammatory markers, respectively. In vitro concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation was measured. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also determined. EHP significantly attenuated macroscopic arthritic score, joint histopathological lesions, and CRP levels. Treatment with EHP significantly reduced pro-inflammatory tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) levels and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). ConA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation was also significantly suppressed by treatment with EHP. Normalizing all hematological markers and ALP levels, EHP did not display any sign of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as determined by urea, creatinine, ALT, and AST levels. In conclusion, EHP possesses significant anti-arthritic property which may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Khayabaan e Jamia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pharmacology section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Khayabaan e Jamia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Khayabaan e Jamia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
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Viswanathswamy AHM, Ankalikar A. Effect of Vitex trifolia linn and Solanum nigrum Linn on oxidative stress and inflammation. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH (KLEU) 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_11_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Han X, Su D, Xian X, Zhou M, Li X, Huang J, Wang J, Gao H. Inhibitory effects of Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch. -Bip. on adjuvant arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:228-235. [PMID: 27616030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussurea involucrate (Kar. et Kir.) Sch. -Bip is an endangered species of the Compositae family, and this species has long been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, stomachache, and altitude sickness in Uighur folk and Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the different therapeutic efficacy of alcohol infusion (SEI) and water decoction (SWD) of S. involucrata in treating rheumatoid arthritis using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis (AA) in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (160-180g) were immunized by intradermal injection of 0.1mL of CFA into the left hind metatarsal footpad. Aspirin was chosen as the positive drug. Alcohol infusion (SEI, 400 and 800mg/kg) and water decoction (SWD, 443 and 886mg/kg) of S. involucrata aerial parts were orally administered from day 1 and continued for 21 days. Arthritis severity was evaluated by arthritic score, body weight loss, and paw swelling. The levels of TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 in the serum of AA rats were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological changes in the ankle joint were also analyzed in the AA rats. RESULTS Both SEI and SWD significantly ameliorated AA severity, as suggested by the modulatory effects on body weight loss, paw swelling, and arthritic score. Histopathological improvement in the joint architecture was also observed in the SEI- and SWD-treated AA rats. The overproduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was remarkably attenuated in the serum of all treated rats. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of SWD was more potent than that of SEI in treating rheumatoid arthritis using AA in a rat model, which was reported for the first time. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the extract of S. involucrata significantly attenuated adjuvant arthritis in rats by decreasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the serum. S. involucrata has the potential to be regarded as a candidate for the treatment of human arthritis. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of SWD was much better than alcohol infusion, indicting that active constituents are mainly in the water extract, which is helpful for the clinical treatments to choose the appropriate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Xian
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Ethanol Extract of Stem Bark of Sonapatha Oroxylum indicum In Vivo. Int J Inflam 2016; 2016:8247014. [PMID: 26925290 PMCID: PMC4746378 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8247014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is all a pervasive phenomenon, which is elicited by the body in response to obnoxious stimuli as a protective measure. However, sustained inflammation leads to several diseases including cancer. Therefore it is necessary to neutralize inflammation. Sonapatha (Oroxylum indicum), a medicinal plant, is traditionally used as a medicine in Ayurveda and other folk systems of medicine. It is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. Despite this fact its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are not evaluated scientifically. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Sonapatha (Oroxylum indicum) were studied in Swiss albino mice by different methods. The hot plate, acetic acid, and tail immersion tests were used to evaluate the analgesic activity whereas xylene-induced ear edema and formalin induced paw edema tests were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of Sonapatha. The administration of mice with 250 and 300 mg/kg b.wt. of O. indicum reduced pain and inflammation indicating that Sonapatha possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The maximum analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were observed in mice receiving 300 mg/kg b.wt. of O. indicum ethanol extract. Our study indicates that O. indicum possesses both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and it may be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent in the inflammation related disorders.
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Johari S, Gandhi T. A Randomized Single Blind Parallel Group Study Comparing Monoherbal Formulation Containing Holarrhena Antidysenterica Extract with Mesalamine in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Anc Sci Life 2016; 36:19-27. [PMID: 28182023 PMCID: PMC5255966 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.195409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Incidences of side effects and relapses are very common in chronic ulcerative colitis patients after termination of the treatment. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare the treatment with monoherbal formulation of Holarrhena antidysenterica with Mesalamine in chronic ulcerative colitis patients with special emphasis to side effects and relapse. Settings and Design: Patients were enrolled from an Ayurveda Hospital and a private Hospital, Gujarat. The study was randomized, parallel group and single blind design. Materials and Methods: The protocol was approved by Institutional Human Research Ethics Committee of Anand Pharmacy College on 23rd Jan 2013. Three groups (n = 10) were treated with drug Mesalamine (Group I), monoherbal tablet (Group II) and combination of both (Group III) respectively. Baseline characteristics, factors affecting quality of life, chronicity of disease, signs and symptoms, body weight and laboratory investigations were recorded. Side effects and complications developed, if any were recorded during and after the study. Statistical Analysis Used: Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Data was statistically evaluated using t-test, Wilcoxon test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and ANOVA, wherever applicable, using GraphPad Prism 6. Results: All the groups responded positively to the treatments. All the patients were positive for occult blood in stool which reversed significantly after treatment along with rise in hemoglobin. Patients treated with herbal tablets alone showed maximal reduction in abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bowel frequency and stool consistency scores than Mesalamine treated patients. Treatment with herbal tablet alone and in combination with Mesalamine significantly reduced the stool infection. Patients treated with herbal drug alone and in combination did not report any side effects, relapse or complications while 50% patients treated with Mesalamine exhibited the relapse with diarrhea and flatulence after drug withdrawal. Conclusion: Thus, monoherbal formulation alone and with Mesalamine was efficacious than Mesalamine alone in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Johari
- Department of Pharmacology, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejal Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Huang D, Chen Y, Chen W, Liu Y, Yao F, Xue D, Sun L. Anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of Gnaphalium affine D. Don in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:356-364. [PMID: 26561928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gnaphalium affine D. Don (GA) has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb in China for the treatment of many ailments including rheumatoid arthritis. However, the anti-arthritic mechanism of GA has still not been demonstrated. This study aims to reveal the anti-inflammatory activity and anti-arthritic mechanism of ethanol extract of G. affine D. Don. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory potential of GA was analyzed in vivo in carrageenan induced mice paw edema (acute study). Also, in vivo study was applied in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. In vitro experiments for analyzing the anti-inflammatory potential of GA were performed on rat alveolar macrophages cell line (NR8383). Analysis of nitric oxide release in NR8383 cells was done by Griess reaction. RT-PCR and western blotting experiment was performed to analyze the expression of phosphorylated p65 and IκBα/β-actin in NF-κB pathway. The production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2 in NR8383 cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The chemical profile of GA was analyzed by HPLC-VWD. RESULTS GA significantly reduced the paw volume in carrageenan induced rat paw edema rat at different doses (300 and 600 mg/kg), compared with the standard indomethacin treatment. In CIA, GA can obviously ameliorate the inflammatory symptom, including cytokine, histological symptom and paw swelling. In the vitro study, GA was able to reduce the nitric oxide (NO) levels in NR8383 cells that had been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2 was also decreased with GA treatment in NR8383 cells that had been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interestingly, GA was found to decrease the level of phosphorylated p65 and IκBα in NR8383 cells. Fifteen compounds were identified by HPLC-VWD with the reference substances and verified by LC-MS. CONCLUSIONS The results of the experiment scientifically validated its traditional use in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Huang
- Department of Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Fengyan Yao
- Department of Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Lianna Sun
- Department of Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Chen Y, Tao S, Zeng F, Xie L, Shen Z. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Schefflera octophylla extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 171:42-50. [PMID: 25944007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms, a traditional Chinese herb mainly distributed in Southeast Asia, is extensively prescribed to alleviate pain and treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), influenza, throat swelling, pain, etc. In this paper, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract and its five different polar fractions of this plant were evaluated. Furthermore, the anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity of the ethanol extract and its active fraction (CHCl3 fraction) were evaluated. And the chemical constituents of the CHCl3 active fraction displayed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by hot plate test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and formalin test, xylene-induced ear edema test. The anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity was evaluated through the model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats, paw swelling, pain response, arthritis index and histopathological changes of ankle, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and rheumatoid factor (RF) of rats were detected. The chemical constituents of the CHCl3 fraction were isolated using chromatographic techniques. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the ethanol extract of S. octophylla has significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. And its five different polar fractions especially the CHCl3 fraction significantly inhibited the abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid and ear edema induced by xylene, also increased pain threshold in hot plate test in 120 min and reduced ticking times in formalin test. The ethanol extract of S. octophylla and the CHCl3 fraction demonstrated an anti-RA effect in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in ethanol extract (600 mg/kg) and CHCl3 fraction (300 mg/kg) groups were significantly lower than those of the model group. The chemical constituents study of the CHCl3 fraction from S. octophylla led to six triterpenoids which were identified as taraxerone (1), 3-epi-taraxerol (2), aleuritolic acid (3), 3-oxofriedelan-28-oic acid (4), 3β,19α -dihydroxy-urs-12-ene- 24,28-dioic acid (5) and asiatic acid (6). Compounds 1-5 were obtained from this plant for the first time. CONCLUSION This study proved the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities of S. octophylla. Triterpenoids obtained from its CHCl3 fraction may be responsible for those activities. These results could support the fact that S. octophylla is used traditionally to cure inflammatory and pain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shuhong Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fanlin Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luwei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150000, PR China
| | - Zhibin Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Bhalekar MR, Upadhaya PG, Nalawade SD, Madgulkar AR, Kshirsagar SJ. Anti-rheumatic activity of chloroquine-SLN gel on wistar rats using complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) model. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Shang X, Wang D, Miao X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Pan H. Antinociceptive and anti-tussive activities of the ethanol extract of the flowers of Meconopsis punicea Maxim. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:154. [PMID: 25997634 PMCID: PMC4455700 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an important traditional Tibetan (veterinary) medicine, the flowers of Meconopsis punicea (family Papaveraceae) have been used to treat pain, fever, cough, inflammation, liver heat and lung heat of humans and animals by local people for thousands of years. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-tussive activities of the ethanol extract of M. punicea (EEM). METHODS Firstly, HPLC was used to analyze the main constituents of the ethanol extract of M. punicea. In animal experiments, the acetic acid-induced writhing response test, hot plate test, barbiturate-induced sleeping time and formalin tests were used to evaluate the antinociceptive activity. Then, ammonia-induced coughing and sulfur dioxide-induced coughing tests in mice as well as the phenol red secretion in trachea test were used to investigate the anti-tussive activity of the extract. Finally, an acute toxicity study was carried out. RESULTS The results showed that alkaloids and flavonoids were the main compounds in the ethanol extract of M. punicea flowers. The extract at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg had good antinociceptive and anti-tussive activities in mice with a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that EEM has significant bioactivities, and the active components of M. punicea should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolou Miao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hu Pan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China.
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Pan K, Xia X, Guo WH, Kong LY. Suppressive effects of total alkaloids of Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:17-22. [PMID: 25449457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides is a folk medicine used to treat inflammation-associated diseases including rheumatoid arthritis in South China. Since the major secondary metabolites in Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides are alkaloids, the present study aims to investigate the suppressive effects of total alkaloids of Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides (ALC) on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS AA was induced (day 0) in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intradermal injection of complete Freund׳s adjuvant (CFA) in right hind footpad. Diclofenac sodium (SD) was chosen as the positive drug. SD (10mg/kg) and ALC (20 and 40 mg/kg) administration started from day 1 and continued for 28 days. Paw swelling, arthritis scores, and histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expressions in joint synovial tissues were detected. RESULTS ALC administration significantly suppressed the inflammatory responses in the joints of AA rats. It also decreased the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that COX-2 and NF-κB expressions in synovial tissues of AA rats were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION These results indicated that ALC prevented the pathological development of AA in rats. ALC may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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de Lima-Saraiva SRG, Silva JC, Branco CRC, Branco A, Cavalcanti Amorim EL, da Silva Almeida JRG. Antinociceptive effect of Encholirium spectabile: A Bromeliaceae from the Brazilian caatinga biome. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S655-60. [PMID: 25298687 PMCID: PMC4189285 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.139817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Encholirium spectabile is a species found in outcrops rocky throughout the Brazilian Caatinga. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of ethanolic extract of the leaves from E. spectabile (Es-EtOH) in mice using chemical and thermal models of nociception. Material and Methods: HPLC was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram. The Es-EtOH was examined for its antinociceptive activity at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.). The evaluation of antinociceptive activity was carried out by the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot plate tests in mice. Rota-rod test was used for the evaluation of motor coordination. Results: In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the Es-EtOH (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the number of writhings by 68.59, 79.33 and 65.28%, respectively. Additionally, Es-EtOH (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased by 34.14, 52.61 and 60.97% the paw licking time in the first phase, as well as 89.56, 79.90 and 96.71% in the second phase of the formalin test, respectively. Es-EtOH also showed effect in the hot plate test, since increased the latency time at dose of 100 mg/kg after 60 minutes. In addition, Es-EtOH did not impair motor coordination. The presence of phenolic compounds in the extract was confirmed using HPLC. These results indicate that Es-EtOH has antinociceptive activity, probably of peripheral origin. The mechanism involved is not completely understood but, at least in part there is the participation of opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane Cabral Silva
- Nucleus of Study and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Alexsandro Branco
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Lin B, Zhao Y, Han P, Yue W, Ma XQ, Rahman K, Zheng CJ, Qin LP, Han T. Anti-arthritic activity of Xanthium strumarium L. extract on complete Freund׳s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:248-255. [PMID: 24862493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xanthium strumarium L. fruit (Xanthiu fruit) has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb in China for the treatment of many ailments including rheumatoid arthritis. However, the anti-arthritic activity of Xanthium strumarium fruit has still not been demonstrated. In the present study, we confirmed that the extract of Xanthium strumarium (EXS) prevents rheumatoid arthritis induced by Complete Freund׳s Adjuvant (CFA) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (160±10 g) were immunized by intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of CFA into the left hind metatarsal footpad. EXS was administered orally at a dose of 300 and 75 mg/kg once a day after the induction of adjuvant arthritis. Methotrexate (3 mg/kg, twice a week) was used as a positive control. Paw swelling, arthritic score, body weight loss, spleen index, thymus index, serum cytokines, inflammatory mediators and histological change were measured. The chemical profile of EXS was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS We found that the EXS significantly suppressed paw swelling and arthritic score, increased body weight loss and decreased the thymus index. The overproduction of TNF-α and IL-1β were remarkably suppressed in the serum of all EXS-treated rats, and in contrast IL-10 was markedly increased. The level of COX-2 and 5-LOX was also decreased with EXS treatment. Ten phenolic acid derivatives were identified from 14 detected peaks by HPLC-DAD with the reference substances and verified by LC-MS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the potential effect of EXS as an anti-arthritis agent towards CFA-induced arthritis in rats. Xanthium strumarium has the potential to be regarded as a candidate for use in general therapeutics and as an immune-modulatory medicine in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan Military Region, PLA, Ji׳nan 250014, PR China
| | - Ping Han
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan Military Region, PLA, Ji׳nan 250014, PR China
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xue-Qin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, NingXia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Cheng-Jian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Investigation of antibrowning activity of pine needle (Cedrus deodara) extract with fresh-cut apple slice model and identification of the primary active components. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zheng CJ, Zhao XX, Ai HW, Lin B, Han T, Jiang YP, Xing X, Qin LP. Therapeutic effects of standardized Vitex negundo seeds extract on complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:838-46. [PMID: 24680620 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) have been commonly used as a folk remedy for the treatment of rheumatism and joint inflammation in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of the extract of V. negundo seeds (EVNS) using Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis (AA) in rat model. As a result, EVNS, with abundant phenylnaphthalene-type lignans, significantly inhibited the paw edema, decreased the arthritis score and spleen index, and reversed the weight loss of CFA-injected rats. Histopathological studies showed a marked decrease of synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints of EVNS-treated animals. The remarkable decrement of serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were observed in EVNS-treated rats, whereas, IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was found to be significantly increased by EVNS. The expressions of COX-2 and 5-LOX in PBMC were also inhibited by administration of EVNS. Our results demonstrated that V. negundo seeds possessed potential therapeutic effect on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats by decreasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and increasing that of IL-10 in serum as well as down-regulating the levels of COX-2 and 5-LOX, and therefore may be an effective cure for the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Ai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Bing Lin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Antioedematous and Analgesic Properties of Fertile Fronds of Drynaria quercifolia. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2014; 2014:302089. [PMID: 24575313 PMCID: PMC3918348 DOI: 10.1155/2014/302089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response of tissue cells to harmful stimuli including trauma, tissue necrosis, and infections which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of many deadly diseases. In ethnomedicine Drynaria quercifolia fronds are used to treat inflammation as poultice on swellings and as antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antipyretic agent. Herein, we have evaluated the antioedematous, antiproliferative, and analgesic properties of the ethanolic extract of fertile fronds of D. quercifolia (FF) by standard procedures. Oral administration of FF produced significant inhibition of carrageenan and histamine induced paw oedema in Wistar rats. FF significantly reduced both wet weight and dry weight of granuloma tissue which shows the inhibitory effect on exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation. FF significantly attenuated acute and delayed phases of formalin induced pain, acetic acid-induced writhing, capsaicin-induced nociception, and hot plate test in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Total phenolic content was 186 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. The HPLC estimation showed flavanone glycoside naringin (1.2%) and its aglycone naringenin (0.02%). The presence of potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic principles in FF and their synergistic action may be the reason for the proposed therapeutic effects.
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Zhang W, Sun Q, Gao X, Jiang Y, Li R, Ye J. Anti-inflammation of spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM-10 targeting α7 nAChR and M4 mAChR and inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66895. [PMID: 23840548 PMCID: PMC3695990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of LXM-10 by intragastric administration in both acute and chronic inflammatory models, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that LXM-10 produced significant anti-inflammatory effects on carrageenan induced paw edema and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis, in which LXM-10 inhibited paw swelling in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ELISA analysis showed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6 was decreased by LXM-10. Western blot analysis showed that LXM-10 significantly reduced phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and further blunted phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). The effects that LXM-10 had shown were attenuated by methyllycaconitine citrate (an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) or tropicamide (an M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) in vivo. In conclusion, the studies showed that intragastric administration of LXM-10 exerted significant anti-inflammation effects in acute and chronic models, which may be attribute to the activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, thereby inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway, and ultimately reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Jiang
- Medical and Healthy Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Runtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Ram HNA, Sriwastava NK, Makhija IK, Shreedhara CS. Anti-inflammatory activity of Ajmodadi Churna extract against acute inflammation in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2012; 3:33-7. [PMID: 22529678 PMCID: PMC3326793 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.93946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations are widely prescribed for a wide range of inflammatory conditions, yet, despite widespread use, there has been no systematic documentation of their safety and efficacy. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts of Ajmodadi churna (AJM) in rats. Materials and Methods: Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and air pouch inflammation models were used for the study. Results: The extracts showed significant antiinflammatory activity, reducing paw edema volume by 0.417 ± 0.097 and 0.379 ± 0.049, respectively. In the carrageenan-induced air pouch model, AJM reduced total leukocyte count by 73.09 ± 7.13 and 62.17 ± 10.53, granulocyte count by 69.48 ± 5.44 and 63.33 ± 4.13, and myeloperoxidase activity by 14.84 ± 0.91 and 18.44 ± 3.18, respectively, compared to controls. Discussion and Conclusion: AJM significantly reduced paw edema, during the second phase of edema development. In the carrageenan-induced air pouch model, AJM inhibited cellular infiltration into the air pouch fluid. We conclude that AJM is an effective candidate for prevention or treatment of acute inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Aswatha Ram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Biological Activities of Libidibia (Caesalpinia) ferrea var. parvifolia (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz Pod Preparations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:514134. [PMID: 22675382 PMCID: PMC3366350 DOI: 10.1155/2012/514134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Libidibia ferrea has been used in folk medicine throughout Brazil, and this study evaluated the biological activities of crude extract (CE) as well as a partially purified fraction (F80) obtained from its pods. Results from the MTT assay revealed that only F80 inhibited NCI-H292 cell growth; however, neither CE nor F80 reduced HEp-2 cell growth or sarcoma 180 tumor weight with the in vivo assay. Acute oral toxicity of the extract and fraction was evaluated following the steps of Guideline 423, using female mice; LD50 for both preparations was determined as 2,500 mg/kg body weight. CE and F80 promoted a reduction of the leukocyte number and nitrite level in inflammatory exudates when the anti-inflammatory assay (carrageenan-induced peritonitis) was performed. CE and F80 inhibited writhing regarding antinociceptive activity (acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice). In conclusion, CE and F80 have no significant cytotoxic or antitumor activities in cell lines showing low toxicity and no action against tumors in vivo. Both preparations revealed anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, corroborating the pharmacological basis of L. ferrea for ethnomedical use.
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Antinociceptive activity of the chloroform fraction of Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff (Fabaceae) in mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:342816. [PMID: 21776190 PMCID: PMC3135975 DOI: 10.1155/2011/342816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute treatment with the chloroform fraction of Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff (CFDv) in mice produced decreased ambulation and sedation in the behavioral pharmacological screening. Doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg CFDv decreased latency of sleep onset in the test of sleeping time potentiation. In the open field, animals treated with CFDv reduced ambulation and rearing (250 mg/kg), as well as defecation (125; 250 mg/kg). Regarding the antinociceptive activity, CFDv (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) increased latency to first writhing and decreased the number of writhings induced by acetic acid. In the formalin test, CFDv (250 mg/kg) decreased paw licking time in the first and second phases indicating antinociceptive activity that can be mediated both peripherally and at the central level. CFDv did not affect motor coordination until 120 minutes after treatment. CFDv shows psychopharmacological effects suggestive of CNS-depressant drugs with promising antinociceptive activity.
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Chaudhary AK, Ahmad S, Mazumder A. Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.: A Review on its Ethnobotany, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2011.23.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Beg S, Swain S, Hasan H, Barkat MA, Hussain MS. Systematic review of herbals as potential anti-inflammatory agents: Recent advances, current clinical status and future perspectives. Pharmacogn Rev 2011; 5:120-37. [PMID: 22279370 PMCID: PMC3263046 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.91102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many synthetic drugs reported to be used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders are of least interest now a days due to their potential side effects and serious adverse effects and as they are found to be highly unsafe for human assistance. Since the last few decades, herbal drugs have regained their popularity in treatment against several human ailments. Herbals containing anti-inflammatory activity (AIA) are topics of immense interest due to the absence of several problems in them, which are associated with synthetic preparations. The primary objective of this review is to provide a deep overview of the recently explored anti-inflammatory agents belonging to various classes of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenolic compounds, and also the compounds isolated from plants of marine origin, algae and fungi. Also, it enlists a distended view on potential interactions between herbals and synthetic preparations, related adverse effects and clinical trials done on herbals for exploring their AIA. The basic aim of this review is to give updated knowledge regarding plants which will be valuable for the scientists working in the field of anti-inflammatory natural chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharamaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Suryakanta Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khodasingi, Berhampur, Orissa, India
| | - Hameed Hasan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - M Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Sarfaraz Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Khursi Road, Lucknow, India
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Shang X, Wang J, Li M, Miao X, Pan H, Yang Y, Wang Y. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz extract. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:716-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kumar A, Singh V, Chaudhary AK. Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activities of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:294-297. [PMID: 21182918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat peptic ulcer. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activity of Cedrus deodara. MATERIALS AND METHODS The volatile oil extracted by steam distillation of Cedrus deodara wood was examined for its gastric antisecretory and antiulcer effect in the pylorus-ligated rat model and ethanol induced gastric lesions in rats. RESULTS The volatile oil showed significant antisecretory activity as evidenced by decreased gastric fluid volume, total acidity, free acidity and increase in the pH of the gastric fluid in pylorus-ligated rats. Our studies also revealed that pretreatment with Cedrus deodara significantly reduced the number of ulcer, ulcer score and ulcer index in pylorus-ligated and ethanol treated rats. The antiulcer activity of Cedrus deodara is further supported by histopathological study which showed protection of mucosal layer from ulceration and inflammation. CONCLUSION The present findings conclude that volatile oil of Cedrus deodara wood has potent antisecretory and antiulcer effects and justify the traditional usage of this herb to treat peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadhesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, NH-58, Modipuram, Meerut 250110, UP, India
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Patil KR, Patil CR, Jadhav RB, Mahajan VK, Patil PR, Gaikwad PS. Anti-Arthritic Activity of Bartogenic Acid Isolated from Fruits of Barringtonia racemosa Roxb. (Lecythidaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:785245. [PMID: 19770265 PMCID: PMC3137566 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The fruits of
Barringtonia racemosa are prescribed in the ayurvedic literature for the treatment of pain, inflammation and rheumatic conditions. In present investigation, activity guided isolation of bartogenic acid (BA) and its evaluation in the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats is reported. Among the various extracts and fractions investigated preliminarily for carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats, the ethyl acetate fraction displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity. Large-scale isolation and characterization using
chromatography and spectral study confirmed that the constituent responsible for the observed pharmacological effects was BA. Subsequently the BA was evaluated for effectiveness against CFA-induced arthritis in rats. The results indicate that at doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg kg−1 day−1, p.o., BA protects rats against the primary and secondary arthritic lesions, body weight changes and haematological perturbations induced by CFA. The serum markers of inflammation and arthritis, such as C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor, were also reduced in the BA-treated arthritic rats. The overall severity of arthritis as
determined by radiological analysis and pain scores indicated that BA exerts a potent protective effect against adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. In conclusion, the present study validates the ethnomedicinal use of fruits of B. racemosa in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions. It further establishes the potent anti-arthritic effects of BA. However, additional clinical investigations are needed to prove the efficacy of BA in the treatment of various immuno-inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh Ramdas Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karvand Naka, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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Impellizzeri D, Esposito E, Mazzon E, Paterniti I, Di Paola R, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on acute lung inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 81:636-48. [PMID: 21147071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NADPH-oxidase is an enzyme responsible for reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and inhibition of this enzyme represents an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apocynin, a NADPH-oxidase inhibitor, in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by: infiltration of neutrophils in lung tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation, increased production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and platelet-adhesion molecule (P-selectin). Furthermore, carrageenan induced the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) as well as induced apoptosis (TUNEL staining, FAS-ligand expression, Bax and Bcl-2 expression) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in the lung tissues. Administration of apocynin, 30min after the challenge with carrageenan, caused a significant reduction of all the parameters of inflammation measured. Thus, based on these findings we propose that NADPH oxidase inhibitor such as apocynin may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria - Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy.
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Tanus-Rangel E, Santos SR, Lima JC, Lopes L, Noldin V, Monache FD, Cechinel-Filho V, Martins DT. Topical and Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli (Alismataceae). J Med Food 2010; 13:1161-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Tanus-Rangel
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Scheila R. Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Joaquim C.S. Lima
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Lousã Lopes
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Vânia Noldin
- Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations Center, University of Vale of Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Franco D. Monache
- Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations Center, University of Vale of Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations Center, University of Vale of Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Domingos T.O. Martins
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Can OD, Ozkay UD, Oztürk N, Oztürk Y. Effects of hawthorn seed and pulp extracts on the central nervous system. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:924-931. [PMID: 20673180 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903305500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Investigating potential central nervous system (CNS) activities of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae), hawthorn, fruit extracts. OBJECTIVE Evaluating CNS effects and analgesic activities of hawthorn fruit extracts based on the traditional uses of the plant for neurosedative and pain killer actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of hawthorn pulp (HPE) and seed extracts (HSE) at the dose range of 1-1000 mg/kg were examined on anxiety level, spontaneous locomotor activity, motor coordination, and nociceptive perception of mice. Morphine was used as a reference drug. RESULTS HPE (100-1000 mg/kg) and HSE (10-1000 mg/kg) significantly decreased not only the exploratory behaviors in hole-board experiments, but also the spontaneous locomotor activities in activity cage tests. The same doses of extracts were found to be ineffective in Rota-Rod tests of mice. In tail-clip, hot-plate, and acetic acid-induced writhing tests, quite potent and dose-dependent analgesic activities were seen at 100-1000 mg/kg doses of HPE and 10-1000 mg/kg doses of HSE. Analgesic effects observed in all analgesia tests were antagonized by naloxone. DISCUSSION Significant and dose-dependent decreases in spontaneous locomotor activities and exploratory behaviors of animals suggested CNS depressant activities of both extracts. Complete naloxone antagonism in all applied analgesia tests indicated opioid-related analgesic activities of both extracts. CONCLUSION These findings seem to support the traditional use of this plant to treat stress, nervousness, sleep disorders, and pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgür Devrim Can
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Eskişehir, Turkey.
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Li M, Shang X, Zhang R, Jia Z, Fan P, Ying Q, Wei L. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of iridoid glycosides extract of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:167-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li X, Yang YB, Yang Q, Sun LN, Chen WS. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Chaenomeles speciosa fractions in laboratory animals. J Med Food 2010; 12:1016-22. [PMID: 19857064 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prescription of current existing anti-inflammatory drugs is hampered by their adverse effects over time. Botanical extracts are thought to be a potential source of a natural anti-inflammatory property with fewer adverse effects. Chaenomeles speciosa has long been used as an herbal medicine for treatment of various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, prosopalgia, and hepatitis. Until now there have been no reports on the specific anti-inflammatory fractions of extract of C. speciosa (ECS). In the present study the anti-inflammatory activities of different fractions of ECS were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The 10% ethanol fraction (C3) was found to have stronger anti-inflammatory effects compared with other fractions at the same dose. We also found that chlorogenic acid was one of the active constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect using bioassay-guided fractionation by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared with controls, fraction C3 demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in the xylene-induced ear edema test (P < .01), acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary permeability test, and the cotton pellet granuloma test in mice or rats (P < .01); it also showed marked analgesic activity in the acetic acid-induced abdominal contraction test and formalin-induced paw licking test in mice and rats (P < .05 or .01). However, fraction C3 showed no significant effect in the hot plate test in mice. These findings justify the use of the C. speciosa for treating pain and inflammation. These results support the proposal of C. speciosa fraction C3 as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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49
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Synthesis and analgesic effects of 2-(2-carboxyphenylsulfanyl)-N-(4-substitutedphenyl)acetamide derivatives. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chaudhary A, Kaur P, Singh B, Pathania V. Chemical Composition of Hydrodistilled and Solvent Volatiles Extracted from Woodchips of Himalayan Cedrus: Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil and extract obtained from the wood chips of Cedrus deodara by hydrodistillation and percolation respectively have been analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS techniques. Thirty four compounds were identified from the essential oil and twenty six from the extract accounting for 98.3 and 94.6% respectively of total identifications. While the major components of the oil were β-himachalene (38.3%), α-himachalene (17.1%) and γ-himachalene (12.6%), those of the extracts were E-γ-atlantone (38.5%) and E-α-atlantone (10.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Chaudhary
- Natural Plant Products Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Pushpinder Kaur
- Natural Plant Products Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Plant Products Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Vijaylata Pathania
- Natural Plant Products Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
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