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Hegazy AN, Peine C, Niesen D, Panse I, Vainshtein Y, Kommer C, Zhang Q, Brunner TM, Peine M, Fröhlich A, Ishaque N, Marek RM, Zhu J, Höfer T, Löhning M. Plasticity and lineage commitment of individual T H1 cells are determined by stable T-bet expression quantities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2693. [PMID: 38838155 PMCID: PMC11152138 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
T helper 1 (TH1) cell identity is defined by the expression of the lineage-specifying transcription factor T-bet. Here, we examine the influence of T-bet expression heterogeneity on subset plasticity by leveraging cell sorting of distinct in vivo-differentiated TH1 cells based on their quantitative expression of T-bet and interferon-γ. Heterogeneous T-bet expression states were regulated by virus-induced type I interferons and were stably maintained even after secondary viral infection. Exposed to alternative differentiation signals, the sorted subpopulations exhibited graded levels of plasticity, particularly toward the TH2 lineage: T-bet quantities were inversely correlated with the ability to express the TH2 lineage-specifying transcription factor GATA-3 and TH2 cytokines. Reprogramed TH1 cells acquired graded mixed TH1 + TH2 phenotypes with a hybrid epigenetic landscape. Continuous presence of T-bet in differentiated TH1 cells was essential to ensure TH1 cell stability. Thus, innate cytokine signals regulate TH1 cell plasticity via an individual cell-intrinsic rheostat to enable T cell subset adaptation to subsequent challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N. Hegazy
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Inflammatory Mechanisms, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Peine
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Niesen
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Panse
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yevhen Vainshtein
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Bioquant Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kommer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Bioquant Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qin Zhang
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Bioquant Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Brunner
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Peine
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Fröhlich
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Bioquant Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman M. Marek
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Höfer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Bioquant Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Löhning
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Lin N, Chi H, Guo Q, Liu Z, Ni L. Notch Signaling Inhibition Alleviates Allergies Caused by Antarctic Krill Tropomyosin through Improving Th1/Th2 Imbalance and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:1144. [PMID: 38672818 PMCID: PMC11048830 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antarctic krill tropomyosin (AkTM) has been shown in mice to cause IgE-mediated food allergy. The objective of this work was to investigate the role of Notch signaling in AkTM-sensitized mice, as well as to determine the changes in gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the allergic mice. An AkTM-induced food allergy mouse model was built and N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) was used as an γ-secretase inhibitor to inhibit the activation of Notch signaling. Food allergy indices, some key transcription factors, histologic alterations in the small intestine, and changes in gut microbiota composition were examined. The results showed that DAPT inhibited Notch signaling, which reduced AkTM-specific IgE, suppressed mast cell degranulation, decreased IL-4 but increased IFN-γ production, and alleviated allergic symptoms. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses revealed that expressions of Hes-1, Gata3, and IL-4 were down-regulated after DAPT treatment, accompanied by increases in T-bet and IFN-γ, indicating that Notch signaling was active in AkTM-sensitized mice and blocking it could reverse the Th1/Th2 imbalance. Expressions of key transcription factors revealed that Notch signaling could promote Th2 cell differentiation in sensitized mice. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that AkTM could alter the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in mice, leading to increases in inflammation-inducing bacteria such as Enterococcus and Escherichia-Shigella. Correlation analysis indicated that reduced SCFA concentrations in AkTM-allergic mice may be related to decreases in certain SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Clostridia_UCG-014. The changes in gut microbiota and SCFAs could be partially restored by DAPT treatment. Our findings showed that inhibiting Notch signaling could alleviate AkTM-induced food allergy by correcting Th1/Th2 imbalance and modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lin
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (N.L.); (Q.G.); (L.N.)
| | - Hai Chi
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (N.L.); (Q.G.); (L.N.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Quanyou Guo
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (N.L.); (Q.G.); (L.N.)
| | - Zhidong Liu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (N.L.); (Q.G.); (L.N.)
| | - Ling Ni
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (N.L.); (Q.G.); (L.N.)
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Shouse AN, LaPorte KM, Malek TR. Interleukin-2 signaling in the regulation of T cell biology in autoimmunity and cancer. Immunity 2024; 57:414-428. [PMID: 38479359 PMCID: PMC11126276 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a critical cytokine for T cell peripheral tolerance and immunity. Here, we review how IL-2 interaction with the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) supports the development and homeostasis of regulatory T cells and contributes to the differentiation of helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells. A critical element for each T cell population is the expression of CD25 (Il2rα), which heightens the receptor affinity for IL-2. Signaling through the high-affinity IL-2R also reinvigorates CD8+ exhausted T (Tex) cells in response to checkpoint blockade. We consider the molecular underpinnings reflecting how IL-2R signaling impacts these various T cell subsets and the implications for enhancing IL-2-dependent immunotherapy of autoimmunity, other inflammatory disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acacia N Shouse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Chen J, Chan TTH, Zhou J. Lipid metabolism in the immune niche of tumor-prone liver microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:68-84. [PMID: 37474318 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a common primary site not only for tumorigenesis, but also for cancer metastasis. Advanced cancer patients with liver metastases also show reduced response rates and survival benefits when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of the liver immune microenvironment in determining tumorigenesis, metastasis-organotropism, and immunotherapy resistance. Various immune cells such as T cells, natural killer and natural killer T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, and stromal cells including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes are implicated in contributing to the immune niche of tumor-prone liver microenvironment. In parallel, as the major organ for lipid metabolism, the increased abundance of lipids and their metabolites is linked to processes crucial for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and related liver cancer development. Furthermore, the proliferation, differentiation, and functions of hepatic immune and stromal cells are also reported to be regulated by lipid metabolism. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism may hold great potential to reprogram the immunosuppressive liver microenvironment and synergistically enhance the immunotherapy efficacy in the circumstance of liver metastasis. In this review, we describe how the hepatic microenvironment adapts to the lipid metabolic alterations in pathologic conditions like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We also illustrate how these immunometabolic alterations promote the development of liver cancers and immunotherapy resistance. Finally, we discuss the current therapeutic options and hypothetic combination immunotherapies for the treatment of advanced liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Thomas T H Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
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5
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Li M, Chen B, Xu L, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ma B, Qin S, Jiang Y, Gu C, Qian H, Xiao F. Topical bismuth oxide-manganese composite nanospheres alleviate atopic dermatitis-like inflammation. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:430. [PMID: 37974268 PMCID: PMC10655471 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease involving important immune mechanisms. There is an unmet need for a treatment for this condition. Herein, we focused on elucidating the role of Bi2-xMnxO3 nanospheres (BM) in alleviating skin inflammation in AD-like C57BL/6 mice. The BM was fabricated via sacrificial templates and its biosafety was systematically evaluated. The BM was applied topically to skin lesions of AD-like C57BL/6 mice. The phenotypic and histological changes in the skin were examined carefully. The responses of barrier proteins, inflammatory cytokines and cells to BM were evaluated in HaCaT cells and AD mouse models. The data demonstrated that BM treatment alleviated the AD phenotypes and decreased the level of inflammatory factors, while increasing the expression of the barrier proteins filaggrin/involucrin in the skin. BM effectively reduced the expression of phosphorylated STAT6, which in turn reduced the expression of GATA3, and further decreased the differentiation ratio of Th2 cells, thereby reducing the expression of IL-4. In conclusion, topical drug therapy with BM provides a safe and effective treatment modality for AD by reducing IL-4 and increasing barrier proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Benjin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bingyan Ma
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shichun Qin
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yechun Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Fengli Xiao
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.
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6
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Chen H, Han Z, Fan Y, Chen L, Peng F, Cheng X, Wang Y, Su J, Li D. CD4+ T-cell subsets in autoimmune hepatitis: A review. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0269. [PMID: 37695088 PMCID: PMC10497257 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that can lead to hepatocyte destruction, inflammation, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. The diagnosis of AIH requires the identification of lymphoblast cell interface hepatitis and serum biochemical abnormalities, as well as the exclusion of related diseases. According to different specific autoantibodies, AIH can be divided into AIH-1 and AIH-2. The first-line treatment for AIH is a corticosteroid and azathioprine regimen, and patients with liver failure require liver transplantation. However, the long-term use of corticosteroids has obvious side effects, and patients are prone to relapse after drug withdrawal. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an imbalance in immune tolerance of self-antigens, activation of autoreactive T cells, overactivity of B cells, and increased production of autoantibodies. CD4+ T cells are key players in adaptive immunity and can secrete cytokines, activate B cells to produce antibodies, and influence the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. According to their characteristics, CD4+ T cells can be divided into different subsets. In this review, we discuss the changes in T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, Th9, Th22, regulatory T cell, T follicular helper, and T peripheral helper cells and their related factors in AIH and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting CD4+ T-cell subsets in AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyue Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Liuyan Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyan Su
- The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
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7
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Minskaia E, Maimaris J, Jenkins P, Albuquerque AS, Hong Y, Eleftheriou D, Gilmour KC, Grace R, Moreira F, Grimbacher B, Morris EC, Burns SO. Autosomal Dominant STAT6 Gain of Function Causes Severe Atopy Associated with Lymphoma. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:1611-1622. [PMID: 37316763 PMCID: PMC10499697 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT6 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6) is a key regulator of Th2 (T-helper 2) mediated allergic inflammation via the IL-4 (interleukin-4) JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT signalling pathway. We identified a novel heterozygous germline mutation STAT6 c.1255G > C, p.D419H leading to overactivity of IL-4 JAK/STAT signalling pathway, in a kindred affected by early-onset atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic asthma, anaphylaxis and follicular lymphoma. STAT6 D419H expression and functional activity were compared with wild type STAT6 in transduced HEK293T cells and to healthy control primary skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We observed consistently higher STAT6 levels at baseline and higher STAT6 and phosphorylated STAT6 following IL-4 stimulation in D419H cell lines and primary cells compared to wild type controls. The pSTAT6/STAT6 ratios were unchanged between D419H and control cells suggesting that elevated pSTAT6 levels resulted from higher total basal STAT6 expression. The selective JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced pSTAT6 levels in D419H HEK293T cells and patient PBMC. Nuclear staining demonstrated increased STAT6 in patient fibroblasts at baseline and both STAT6 and pSTAT6 after IL-4 stimulation. We also observed higher transcriptional upregulation of downstream genes (XBP1 and EPAS1) in patient PBMC. Our study confirms STAT6 gain of function (GOF) as a novel monogenetic cause of early onset atopic disease. The clinical association of lymphoma in our kindred, along with previous data linking somatic STAT6 D419H mutations to follicular lymphoma suggest that patients with STAT6 GOF disease may be at higher risk of lymphomagenesis.245 words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Minskaia
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Jesmeen Maimaris
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK.
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Persephone Jenkins
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | | | - Ying Hong
- Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Despina Eleftheriou
- Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Great Ormond Street Hospital of Children NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Richard Grace
- Department of Haematology, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Saint Leonards-on-sea, UK
| | - Fernando Moreira
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emma C Morris
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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8
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Qu Y, Li D, Xiong H, Shi D. Transcriptional regulation on effector T cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:182. [PMID: 37270497 PMCID: PMC10239166 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, characterized by scaly erythematous plaques on the skin. The accumulated evidence on immunopathology of psoriasis suggests that inflammatory reaction is primarily mediated by T helper (Th) cells. The differentiation of Th cells plays important roles in psoriatic progression and it is regulated by transcription factors such as T-bet, GATA3, RORγt, and FOXP3, which can convert naïve CD4+ T cells, respectively, into Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg subsets. Through the activation of the JAK/STAT and Notch signaling pathways, together with their downstream effector molecules including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, TGF-β, these subsets of Th cells are then deeply involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. As a result, keratinocytes are abnormally proliferated and abundant inflammatory immune cells are infiltrated in psoriatic lesions. We hypothesize that modulation of the expression of transcription factors for each Th subset could be a new therapeutic target for psoriasis. In this review, we will focus on the recent literature concerning the transcriptional regulation of Th cells in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Qu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
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9
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Bao K, Isik Can U, Miller MM, Brown IK, Dell'Aringa M, Dooms H, Seibold MA, Scott-Browne J, Lee Reinhardt R. A bifurcated role for c-Maf in Th2 and Tfh2 cells during helminth infection. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:357-372. [PMID: 37088263 PMCID: PMC10290510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Differences in transcriptomes, transcription factor usage, and function have identified T follicular helper 2 (Tfh2) cells and T helper 2 (Th2) cells as distinct clusters of differentiation 4+",(CD4) T-cell subsets in settings of type-2 inflammation. Although the transcriptional programs driving Th2 cell differentiation and cytokine production are well defined, dependence on these classical Th2 programs by Tfh2 cells is less clear. Using cytokine reporter mice in combination with transcription factor inference analysis, the b-Zip transcription factor c-Maf and its targets were identified as an important regulon in both Th2 and Tfh2 cells. Conditional deletion of c-Maf in T cells confirmed its importance in type-2 cytokine expression by Th2 and Tfh2 cells. However, while c-Maf was not required for Th2-driven helminth clearance or lung eosinophilia, it was required for Tfh2-driven Immunoglobulin E production and germinal center formation. This differential regulation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity by c-Maf was a result of redundant pathways in Th2 cells that were absent in Tfh2 cells, and c-Maf-specific mechanisms in Tfh2 cells that were absent in Th2 cells. Thus, despite shared expression by Tfh2 and Th2 cells, c-Maf serves as a unique regulator of Tfh2-driven humoral hallmarks during type-2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Uryan Isik Can
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Mindy M Miller
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Ivy K Brown
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Mark Dell'Aringa
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Hans Dooms
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - James Scott-Browne
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Richard Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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10
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Kim J, Hopper C, Cho KH. Statistical control of structural networks with limited interventions to minimize cellular phenotypic diversity represented by point attractors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6275. [PMID: 37072458 PMCID: PMC10113376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying genetic networks of cells give rise to diverse behaviors known as phenotypes. Control of this cellular phenotypic diversity (CPD) may reveal key targets that govern differentiation during development or drug resistance in cancer. This work establishes an approach to control CPD that encompasses practical constraints, including model limitations, the number of simultaneous control targets, which targets are viable for control, and the granularity of control. Cellular networks are often limited to the structure of interactions, due to the practical difficulty of modeling interaction dynamics. However, these dynamics are essential to CPD. In response, our statistical control approach infers the CPD directly from the structure of a network, by considering an ensemble average function over all possible Boolean dynamics for each node in the network. These ensemble average functions are combined with an acyclic form of the network to infer the number of point attractors. Our approach is applied to several known biological models and shown to outperform existing approaches. Statistical control of CPD offers a new avenue to contend with systemic processes such as differentiation and cancer, despite practical limitations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwan Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Corbin Hopper
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Jaganathan A, Sun Y, Ma N, Li N, Han X, Sun X, Yi H, Fu S, Han F, Li X, Xiao K, Walsh MJ, Zeng L, Zhou M, Cheung KL. BRD4-PRC2 represses transcription of T-helper 2-specific negative regulators during T-cell differentiation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111473. [PMID: 36719036 PMCID: PMC10015369 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BRD4 is a well-recognized transcriptional activator, but how it regulates gene transcriptional repression in a cell type-specific manner has remained elusive. In this study, we report that BRD4 works with Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to repress transcriptional expression of the T-helper 2 (Th2)-negative regulators Foxp3 and E3-ubiqutin ligase Fbxw7 during lineage-specific differentiation of Th2 cells from mouse primary naïve CD4+ T cells. Brd4 binds to the lysine-acetylated-EED subunit of the PRC2 complex via its second bromodomain (BD2) to facilitate histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at target gene loci and thereby transcriptional repression. We found that Foxp3 represses transcription of Th2-specific transcription factor Gata3, while Fbxw7 promotes its ubiquitination-directed protein degradation. BRD4-mediated repression of Foxp3 and Fbxw7 in turn promotes BRD4- and Gata3-mediated transcriptional activation of Th2 cytokines including Il4, Il5, and Il13. Chemical inhibition of the BRD4 BD2 induces transcriptional de-repression of Foxp3 and Fbxw7, and thus transcriptional downregulation of Il4, Il5, and Il13, resulting in inhibition of Th2 cell lineage differentiation. Our study presents a previously unappreciated mechanism of BRD4's role in orchestrating a Th2-specific transcriptional program that coordinates gene repression and activation, and safeguards cell lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Anbalagan Jaganathan
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ning Li
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xinye Han
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xueying Sun
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shibo Fu
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Fangbin Han
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xue Li
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Center for Proteomics & Artificial Intelligence and Center for Clinical Mass SpectrometryAllegheny Health Network Cancer InstitutePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Lei Zeng
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ming‐Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ka Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
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12
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Korchagina AA, Shein SA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Transcriptional control of ILC identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146077. [PMID: 36969171 PMCID: PMC10033543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are heterogeneous innate immune cells which participate in host defense, mucosal repair and immunopathology by producing effector cytokines similarly to their adaptive immune cell counterparts. The development of ILC1, 2, and 3 subsets is controlled by core transcription factors: T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt, respectively. ILCs can undergo plasticity and transdifferentiate to other ILC subsets in response to invading pathogens and changes in local tissue environment. Accumulating evidence suggests that the plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity is controlled by a balance between these and additional transcription factors such as STATs, Batf, Ikaros, Runx3, c-Maf, Bcl11b, and Zbtb46, activated in response to lineage-guiding cytokines. However, how interplay between these transcription factors leads to ILC plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity remains hypothetical. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding transcriptional regulation of ILCs in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
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13
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Fang D, Healy A, Zhu J. Differential regulation of lineage-determining transcription factor expression in innate lymphoid cell and adaptive T helper cell subsets. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1081153. [PMID: 36685550 PMCID: PMC9846361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets, including Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, and their innate counterparts innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets consisting of ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, display similar effector cytokine-producing capabilities during pro-inflammatory immune responses. These lymphoid cell subsets utilize the same set of lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) for their differentiation, development and functions. The distinct ontogeny and developmental niches between Th cells and ILCs indicate that they may adopt different external signals for the induction of LDTF during lineage commitment. Increasing evidence demonstrates that many conserved cis-regulatory elements at the gene loci of LDTFs are often preferentially utilized for the induction of LDTF expression during Th cell differentiation and ILC development at different stages. In this review, we discuss the functions of lineage-related cis-regulatory elements in inducing T-bet, GATA3 or RORγt expression based on the genetic evidence provided in recent publications. We also review and compare the upstream signals involved in LDTF induction in Th cells and ILCs both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms and physiological importance of regulating LDTF dynamic expression during ILC development and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difeng Fang
- *Correspondence: Difeng Fang, ; Jinfang Zhu,
| | | | - Jinfang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Difeng Fang, ; Jinfang Zhu,
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14
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Gurram RK, Wei D, Yu Q, Kamenyeva O, Chung H, Zheng M, Butcher MJ, Kabat J, Liu C, Khillan JS, Zhu J. Gata3 ZsG and Gata3 ZsG-fl: Novel murine Gata3 reporter alleles for identifying and studying Th2 cells and ILC2s in vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975958. [PMID: 36466899 PMCID: PMC9709206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper-2 (Th2) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play crucial roles during type 2 immune responses; the transcription factor GATA3 is essential for the differentiation and functions of these cell types. It has been demonstrated that GATA3 is critical for maintaining Th2 and ILC2 phenotype in vitro; GATA3 not only positively regulates type 2 lymphocyte-associated genes, it also negatively regulates many genes associated with other lineages. However, such functions cannot be easily verified in vivo because the expression of the markers for identifying Th2 and ILC2s depends on GATA3. Thus, whether Th2 cells and ILC2s disappear after Gata3 deletion or these Gata3-deleted "Th2 cells" or "ILC2s" acquire an alternative lineage fate is unknown. In this study, we generated novel GATA3 reporter mouse strains carrying the Gata3 ZsG or Gata3 ZsG-fl allele. This was achieved by inserting a ZsGreen-T2A cassette at the translation initiation site of either the wild type Gata3 allele or the modified Gata3 allele which carries two loxP sites flanking the exon 4. ZsGreen faithfully reflected the endogenous GATA3 protein expression in Th2 cells and ILC2s both in vitro and in vivo. These reporter mice also allowed us to visualize Th2 cells and ILC2s in vivo. An inducible Gata3 deletion system was created by crossing Gata3 ZsG-fl/fl mice with a tamoxifen-inducible Cre. Continuous expression of ZsGreen even after the Gata3 exon 4 deletion was noted, which allows us to isolate and monitor GATA3-deficient "Th2" cells and "ILC2s" during in vivo immune responses. Our results not only indicated that functional GATA3 is dispensable for regulating its own expression in mature type 2 lymphocytes, but also revealed that GATA3-deficient "ILC2s" might be much more stable in vivo than in vitro. Overall, the generation of these novel GATA3 reporters will provide valuable research tools to the scientific community in investigating type 2 immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama K. Gurram
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danping Wei
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qiao Yu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Gerontology and Respirology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hyunwoo Chung
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew J. Butcher
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaspal S. Khillan
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Decoding lymphomyeloid divergence and immune hyporesponsiveness in G-CSF-primed human bone marrow by single-cell RNA-seq. Cell Discov 2022; 8:59. [PMID: 35732626 PMCID: PMC9217915 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been widely used to mobilize bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells for transplantation in the treatment of hematological malignancies for decades. Additionally, G-CSF is also accepted as an essential mediator in immune regulation, leading to reduced graft-versus-host disease following transplantation. Despite the important clinical roles of G-CSF, a comprehensive, unbiased, and high-resolution survey into the cellular and molecular ecosystem of the human G-CSF-primed bone marrow (G-BM) is lacking so far. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to profile hematopoietic cells in human bone marrow from two healthy donors before and after 5-day G-CSF administration. Through unbiased bioinformatics analysis, our data systematically showed the alterations in the transcriptional landscape of hematopoietic cells in G-BM, and revealed that G-CSF-induced myeloid-biased differentiation initiated from the stage of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors. We also illustrated the cellular and molecular basis of hyporesponsiveness of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells caused by G-CSF stimulation, including the potential direct mechanisms and indirect regulations mediated by ligand–receptor interactions. Taken together, our data extend the understanding of lymphomyeloid divergence and potential mechanisms involved in hyporesponsiveness of T and NK cells in human G-BM, which might provide basis for optimization of stem cell transplantation in hematological malignancy treatment.
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16
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Hertweck A, Vila de Mucha M, Barber PR, Dagil R, Porter H, Ramos A, Lord GM, Jenner RG. The TH1 cell lineage-determining transcription factor T-bet suppresses TH2 gene expression by redistributing GATA3 away from TH2 genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4557-4573. [PMID: 35438764 PMCID: PMC9071441 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage-determining transcription factors (LD-TFs) drive the differentiation of progenitor cells into a specific lineage. In CD4+ T cells, T-bet dictates differentiation of the TH1 lineage, whereas GATA3 drives differentiation of the alternative TH2 lineage. However, LD-TFs, including T-bet and GATA3, are frequently co-expressed but how this affects LD-TF function is not known. By expressing T-bet and GATA3 separately or together in mouse T cells, we show that T-bet sequesters GATA3 at its target sites, thereby removing GATA3 from TH2 genes. This redistribution of GATA3 is independent of GATA3 DNA binding activity and is instead mediated by the T-bet DNA binding domain, which interacts with the GATA3 DNA binding domain and changes GATA3's sequence binding preference. This mechanism allows T-bet to drive the TH1 gene expression program in the presence of GATA3. We propose that redistribution of one LD-TF by another may be a common mechanism that could explain how specific cell fate choices can be made even in the presence of other transcription factors driving alternative differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulf Hertweck
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria Vila de Mucha
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul R Barber
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Robert Dagil
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6XA, UK
| | - Hayley Porter
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andres Ramos
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6XA, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Richard G Jenner
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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17
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Abstract
Recognition of viral RNAs by melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 (MDA5) initiates chicken antiviral response by producing type I interferons. Our previous studies showed that chicken microRNA-155-5p (gga-miR-155-5p) enhanced IFN-β expression and suppressed the replication of infectious burse disease virus (IBDV), a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus causing infectious burse disease in chickens. However, the mechanism underlying IBDV-induced gga-miR-155-5p expression in host cells remains elusive. Here, we show that IBDV infection or poly(I:C) treatment of DF-1 cells markedly increased the expression of GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3), a master regulator for TH2 cell differentiation, and that GATA3 promoted gga-miR-155-5p expression in IBDV-infected or poly(I:C)-treated cells by directly binding to its promoter. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of GATA3 significantly reduced IBDV replication in DF-1 cells, and this reduction could be completely abolished by treatment with gga-miR-155-5p inhibitors, whereas knockdown of GATA3 by RNA interference enhanced IBDV growth, and this enhancement could be blocked with gga-miR-155-5p mimics, indicating that GATA3 suppressed IBDV replication by gga-miR-155-5p. Furthermore, our data show that MDA5 is required for GATA3 expression in host cells with poly(I:C) treatment, so are the adaptor protein TBK1 and transcription factor IRF7, suggesting that induction of GATA3 expression in IBDV-infected cells relies on MDA5-TBK1-IRF7 signaling pathway. These results uncover a novel role for GATA3 as an antivirus transcription factor in innate immune response by promoting miR-155 expression, further our understandings of host response against pathogenic infection, and provide valuable clues to the development of antiviral reagents for public health. IMPORTANCE Gga-miR-155-5p acts as an important antivirus factor against IBDV infection, which causes a severe immunosuppressive disease in chicken. Elucidation of the mechanism regulating gga-miR-155-5p expression in IBDV-infected cells is essential to our understandings of the host response against pathogenic infection. This study shows that transcription factor GATA3 initiated gga-miR-155-5p expression in IBDV-infected cells by directly binding to its promoter, suppressing viral replication. Furthermore, induction of GATA3 expression was attributable to the recognition of dsRNA by MDA5, which initiates signal transduction via TBK1 and IRF7. Thus, it is clear that IBDV induces GATA3 expression via MDA5-TBK1-IRF7 signaling pathway, thereby suppressing IBDV replication by GATA3-mediated gga-miR-155-5p expression. This information remarkably expands our knowledge of the roles for GATA3 as an antivirus transcription factor in host innate immune response particularly at an RNA level and may prove valuable in the development of antiviral drugs for public health.
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18
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Li X, Han Z, Wang F, Qiao J. The STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 reduces the risk of asthma in mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by blocking the STAT6 signaling pathway. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 18:12. [PMID: 35177102 PMCID: PMC8851827 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have revealed a link between atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. AS1517499, a selective signal transducer and activation of transcription 6 (STAT6) inhibitor, has been shown to effectively block this connection. In this study, we further explored the underlying mechanism by constructing an AD mouse model. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/group). The AD mouse model was established by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene induction with repeated ovalbumin challenge. AS1517499 and corn oil were used as treatment interventions. The features of airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperactivity were analyzed. RESULTS Active use of AS1517499 in AD mice effectively reduced Th2-related cytokine levels, alleviated airway eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, and regulated GATA3/Foxp3 levels and subepithelial collagen deposition. These changes might be due to specific blockade of the STAT6 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION AS1517499 could partially block the association between AD and asthma by specifically inhibiting the STAT6 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Li
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhaoqing Han
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Jianou Qiao
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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19
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Mirzaei R, Sabokroo N, Ahmadyousefi Y, Motamedi H, Karampoor S. Immunometabolism in biofilm infection: lessons from cancer. Mol Med 2022; 28:10. [PMID: 35093033 PMCID: PMC8800364 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix, which can colonize different human cells and tissues and subvert the host immune reactions by preventing immune detection and polarizing the immune reactions towards an anti-inflammatory state, promoting the persistence of biofilm-embedded bacteria in the host. MAIN BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT It is now well established that the function of immune cells is ultimately mediated by cellular metabolism. The immune cells are stimulated to regulate their immune functions upon sensing danger signals. Recent studies have determined that immune cells often display distinct metabolic alterations that impair their immune responses when triggered. Such metabolic reprogramming and its physiological implications are well established in cancer situations. In bacterial infections, immuno-metabolic evaluations have primarily focused on macrophages and neutrophils in the planktonic growth mode. CONCLUSION Based on differences in inflammatory reactions of macrophages and neutrophils in planktonic- versus biofilm-associated bacterial infections, studies must also consider the metabolic functions of immune cells against biofilm infections. The profound characterization of the metabolic and immune cell reactions could offer exciting novel targets for antibiofilm therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Sabokroo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Motamedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Kubo M. The role of IL-4 derived from T follicular helper cells and TH2 cells. Int Immunol 2021; 33:717-722. [PMID: 34628505 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-4 is known to be the quintessential regulatory cytokine, playing a role in a vast number of immune and non-immune functions. This cytokine is commonly secreted by TH2 cells and follicular helper T (TFH) cells after antigenic sensitization. TH2 cells have been classically thought to be the major contributor to B cell help as a source of IL-4 responsible for class-switch recombination to Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in mice (IgG4 in humans) and to IgE in mice and humans. Recent in vivo observations have shown that IgE and IgG1 antibody responses are mainly controlled by IL-4-secreting TFH cells but not by classical TH2 cells. IL-4 is distinctively regulated in these two T cell subsets by the GATA-3-mediated HS2 enhancer in TH2 cells and the Notch-mediated CNS-2 enhancer in TFH cells. Moreover, the IL-4 derived from TFH cells has an essential role in germinal center (GC) formation in the secondary lymphoid organs during humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.,Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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21
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Kasal DN, Liang Z, Hollinger MK, O'Leary CY, Lisicka W, Sperling AI, Bendelac A. A Gata3 enhancer necessary for ILC2 development and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106311118. [PMID: 34353913 PMCID: PMC8364216 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106311118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 helper effector program is driven by the master transcription factor GATA3 and can be expressed by subsets of both innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and adaptive CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. While ILC2s and Th2 cells acquire their type 2 differentiation program under very different contexts, the distinct regulatory mechanisms governing this common program are only partially understood. Here we show that the differentiation of ILC2s, and their concomitant high level of GATA3 expression, are controlled by a Gata3 enhancer, Gata3 +674/762, that plays only a minimal role in Th2 cell differentiation. Mice lacking this enhancer exhibited defects in several but not all type 2 inflammatory responses, depending on the respective degree of ILC2 and Th2 cell involvement. Our study provides molecular insights into the different gene regulatory pathways leading to the acquisition of the GATA3-driven type 2 helper effector program in innate and adaptive lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan N Kasal
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Zhitao Liang
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Maile K Hollinger
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | | | - Wioletta Lisicka
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Albert Bendelac
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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22
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Komlósi ZI, van de Veen W, Kovács N, Szűcs G, Sokolowska M, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:100995. [PMID: 34364680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million children and young adults in Europe. Asthma is a complex, partially heritable disease with a marked heterogeneity. Its development is influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. The most common, as well as the most well characterized subtype of asthma is allergic eosinophilic asthma, which is characterized by a type 2 airway inflammation. The prevalence of asthma has substantially increased in industrialized countries during the last 60 years. The mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however increased exposure to various environmental pollutants probably plays a role. Disease inception is thought to be enabled by a disadvantageous shift in the balance between protective and harmful lifestyle and environmental factors, including exposure to protective commensal microbes versus infection with pathogens, collectively leading to airway epithelial cell damage and disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines are one of the main drivers of the type 2 immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately leading to infiltration of lung tissue with type 2 T helper (TH2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages and eosinophils. This review outlines the mechanisms responsible for the orchestration of type 2 inflammation and summarizes the novel findings, including but not limited to dysregulated epithelial barrier integrity, alarmin release and innate lymphoid cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt I Komlósi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nóra Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Lung Health Hospital, Munkácsy Mihály Str. 70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Tömő Str. 25-29, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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23
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Bai F, Zhang LH, Liu X, Wang C, Zheng C, Sun J, Li M, Zhu WG, Pei XH. GATA3 functions downstream of BRCA1 to suppress EMT in breast cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:8218-8233. [PMID: 34373738 PMCID: PMC8344017 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Functional loss of BRCA1 is associated with poorly differentiated and metastatic breast cancers that are enriched with cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs can be generated from carcinoma cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. We and others have previously demonstrated that BRCA1 suppresses EMT and regulates the expression of multiple EMT-related transcription factors. However, the downstream mediators of BRCA1 function in EMT suppression remain elusive. Methods: Depletion of BRCA1 or GATA3 activates p18INK4C , a cell cycle inhibitor which inhibits mammary epithelial cell proliferation. We have therefore created genetically engineered mice with Brca1 or Gata3 loss in addition to deletion of p18INK4C , to rescue proliferative defects caused by deficiency of Brca1 or Gata3. By using these mutant mice along with human BRCA1 deficient as well as proficient breast cancer tissues and cells, we investigated and compared the role of Brca1 and Gata3 loss in the activation of EMT in breast cancers. Results: We discovered that BRCA1 and GATA3 expressions were positively correlated in human breast cancer. Depletion of BRCA1 stimulated methylation of GATA3 promoter thereby repressing GATA3 transcription. We developed Brca1 and Gata3 deficient mouse system. We found that Gata3 deficiency in mice induced poorly-differentiated mammary tumors with the activation of EMT and promoted tumor initiating and metastatic potential. Gata3 deficient mammary tumors phenocopied Brca1 deficient tumors in the induction of EMT under the same genetic background. Reconstitution of Gata3 in Brca1-deficient tumor cells activated mesenchymal-epithelial transition, suppressing tumor initiation and metastasis. Conclusions: Our finding, for the first time, demonstrates that GATA3 functions downstream of BRCA1 to suppress EMT in controlling mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Li-Han Zhang
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chuying Wang
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Chenglong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Min Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xin-Hai Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
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24
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Zhao Q, Dai H, Liu X, Jiang H, Liu W, Feng Z, Zhang N, Gao Y, Dong Z, Zhou X, Du J, Zhang N, Rui H, Yuan L, Liu B. Helper T Cells in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665629. [PMID: 34093559 PMCID: PMC8173183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces an antibody response to its own antigens due to impaired immune tolerance. Although antibodies are derived from plasma cells differentiated by B cells, the T-B cells also contribute a lot to the immune system. In particular, the subsets of helper T (Th) cells, including the dominant subsets such as Th2, Th17, and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and the inferior subsets such as regulatory T (Treg) cells, shape the immune imbalance of IMN and promote the incidence and development of autoimmune responses. After reviewing the physiological knowledge of various subpopulations of Th cells and combining the existing studies on Th cells in IMN, the role model of Th cells in IMN was explained in this review. Finally, the existing clinical treatment regimens for IMN were reviewed, and the importance of the therapy for Th cells was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianli Liu
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxue Jiang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Feng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jieli Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Naiqian Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Rui
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Zhou G, Zeng Q, Wei W, Teng H, Liu C, Zhou Z, Liang B, Long H. A pilot study of differential gene expressions in patients with cough variant asthma and classic bronchial asthma. J Asthma 2021; 59:1070-1078. [PMID: 33878997 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1917604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive exploration of asthma, the mechanism of asthma has not been fully elucidated. Cough variant asthma (CVA) is considered as precursor to classical asthma (CA). Comparative study between CA and CVA may be helpful in further understanding the pathogenesis of asthma. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from CVA, CA and healthy adults. Each group consisted of five cases. Total RNA was extracted from the PBMCs. Agilent 4 × 44 K human genome oligo microarray was used to detect whole genome expression. Allogeneic clustering, Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis were performed to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, ten candidate genes were screened and verified by real-time PCR. RESULTS Gene expressions were significantly different among the three groups, with 202 DEGs between the CA and the CVA groups. The Gene Ontology analysis suggested that the DEGs were significantly enriched in 'histone H4-K20 demethylation' and 'antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigens'. HDC, EGR1, DEFA4, LTF, G0S2, IL4, TFF3, CTSG, FCER1A and CAMP were selected as candidate genes. However, the results of real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of FCER1A, IL4 and HDC in the cough variant asthma group were significantly different from those in the other two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of CVA and CA may be related to genes such as FCER1A, HDC and IL4. Further studies incorporating a larger sample size should be conducted to find more candidate genes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qingcui Zeng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.,Department of Geriatric intensive care unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Geriatric intensive care unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anyue County People's Hospital, Anyue, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Teng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chuntao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Binmiao Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Huaicong Long
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.,Department of Geriatric intensive care unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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26
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Kariyawasam HH, James LK. B cells and upper airway disease: allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps evaluated. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:445-459. [PMID: 33729073 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1905527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The first mucosal site to encounter inhaled allergen, antigen, and microbes is the upper airway. It must perforce have a rapid system of environmental threat recognition and self-defense. B cells play a critical role in such airway host-defense, tissue surveillance, and immune modulation. Several common upper airway diseases can be defined in the expression of either exaggerated or dysregulated B-cell function within T2-high mucosal inflammatory states.Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the immunology of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in the context of highlighting key aspects of B-cell biology and function. The review is based on the findings of a literature search using the terms B cells, rhinitis, nasal polyps, and rhinosinusitis.Expert opinion: Despite the emerging role of B-cell overdrive and dysfunction in upper airway disease, studies are lacking specifics to B cells, particularly in association with sinonasal infection and mucosal inflammation. There is a pressing need to focus on how respiratory inflammation, alongside impaired or exaggerated B-cell function, amplifies and further dysregulates immune signaling pathways in the disease setting of AR and CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha H Kariyawasam
- Specialist Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal National ENT and Eastman Hospital, London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Rhinology, Royal National ENT and Eastman Hospital, London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,University College London, London, UK
| | - Louisa K James
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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27
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He K, Hettinga A, Kale SL, Hu S, Xie MM, Dent AL, Ray A, Poholek AC. Blimp-1 is essential for allergen-induced asthma and Th2 cell development in the lung. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151760. [PMID: 32399548 PMCID: PMC7336314 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A Th2 immune response is central to allergic airway inflammation, which afflicts millions worldwide. However, the mechanisms that augment GATA3 expression in an antigen-primed developing Th2 cell are not well understood. Here, we describe an unexpected role for Blimp-1, a transcriptional repressor that constrains autoimmunity, as an upstream promoter of GATA3 expression that is critical for Th2 cell development in the lung to inhaled but not systemically delivered allergens but is dispensable for TFH function and IgE production. Mechanistically, Blimp-1 acts through Bcl6, leading to increased GATA3 expression in lung Th2 cells. Surprisingly, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but not the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 or IL-21, is required via STAT3 activation to up-regulate Blimp-1 and promote Th2 cell development. These data reveal a hitherto unappreciated role for an IL-10–STAT3–Blimp-1 circuit as an initiator of an inflammatory Th2 response in the lung to allergens. Thus, Blimp-1 in a context-dependent fashion can drive inflammation by promoting rather than terminating effector T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angela Hettinga
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sagar Laxman Kale
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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28
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Silveira DA, Ribeiro FM, Simão ÉM, Mattos VLD, Góes EG. Expression of genes and pathways associated with the B7-CD28 superfamily in response to irradiation of blood cells using 137Cs. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:149-155. [PMID: 33253600 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1857454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA damage is one of the main consequences of exposure to ionizing irradiation (IR). Recent studies indicate that IR can modulate the expression of immune system-related genes. However, the effects of IR on the expression of genes and pathways of the B7-CD28 superfamily remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of genes and pathways related to the B7-CD28 superfamily in response to IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we used transcriptome data available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to investigate the modulation of the response of genes and pathways of samples of human peripheral blood irradiated with doses of 150, 300, and 600 cGy. The data were obtained at 6 and 24 h after irradiation. The relationship between genes and pathways was established through the Reactome database. The behavior of these pathways was analyzed using mathematical methods based on relative activity and diversity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons tests (Bonferroni and Tamhanes) was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Data on transcriptomes were analyzed through ViaComplex V.1.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22. RESULTS For the pathways investigated in this study, we observed that the effects produced by these doses significantly modified the behavior of five pathways associated with the immune system. Also, the dose of 300 cGy might trigger signaling for the activation of T cells through the negative regulation (p < .05) of the co-inhibitory PDCD1LG2 gene. Positive regulation caused by 300 cGy (p < .05) of the CD80 receptor was observed by us, which might be related to a stimulatory signal. According to our findings, this dose induced the production of cytokines and genes that are associated with the activation and differentiation of T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the irradiation modulated the organization of the biological system, suggesting that 300 cGy is more efficient in activating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daner A Silveira
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Ribeiro
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Éder M Simão
- Nanoscience Graduate Program, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Viviane L D Mattos
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Evamberto G Góes
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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29
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Yang T, Wang R, Liu H, Wang L, Li J, Wu S, Chen X, Yang X, Zhao Y. Berberine regulates macrophage polarization through IL-4-STAT6 signaling pathway in Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic atrophic gastritis. Life Sci 2020; 266:118903. [PMID: 33340526 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We will investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of berberine (BBR) in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms of BBR also will be explored systematically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were infected by H. pylori. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and H. pylori were applied to induce M1 Mφs polarization, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and BBR were used to induce M2 Mφs polarization. Supernatants of polarized Mφs were collected as conditioned media (CM) for investigating the impact of Mφs and its' secreted cytokine on gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). Cell viability, morphology, proliferation, and quantitative analysis of RAW 264.7 cells and GES-1 cells were detected by high-content screening (HCS) imaging assay. To further investigate the potential mechanisms of BBR, relative mRNA, immunohistochemistry and protein expression were measured. KEY FINDINGS BBR inhibited M1-polarized Mφs, which was induced by H. pylori and LPS, and advocated M2-polarized Mφs. The M1-specific markers (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in supernatants were reduced significantly and M2 specific markers (TGF-β and IL-10) were increased obviously under BBR intervention. In addition, BBR significantly protected GES-1 from M1-polarized Mφs injury. The mRNA expression of M1-polarized Mφs, including TNF-α, NOS2, CCR7, and IRF-8, were suppressed by BBR administration and the mRNA expression of M2-polarized Mφs, including IL-4, STAT6, IL-10 and Chil3, were increased by BBR intervention. Meanwhile, BBR activated IL-4-STAT6 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro when H. pylori infection and presented anti-inflammatory activities. SIGNIFICANCE BBR promotes M2-polarized Mφs when H. pylori infection. The anti-inflammatory properties of BBR tightly related to M1-polarized Mφs inhibition and M2-polarized Mφs promotion. BBR activates IL-4-STAT6 signaling pathway, which is crucial exceedingly in M2 Mφs activation and anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Policlinic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Integrative Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China; Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, No 152 Daqiang East Street, Taisheng South Road, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Shihua Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, No 152 Daqiang East Street, Taisheng South Road, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China.
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30
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Spinner CA, Lazarevic V. Transcriptional regulation of adaptive and innate lymphoid lineage specification. Immunol Rev 2020; 300:65-81. [PMID: 33615514 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Once alerted to the presence of a pathogen, activated CD4+ T cells initiate distinct gene expression programs that produce multiple functionally specialized T helper (Th) subsets. The cytokine milieu present at the time of antigen encounter instructs CD4+ T cells to differentiate into interferon-(IFN)-γ-producing Th1 cells, interleukin-(IL)-4-producing Th2 cells, IL-17-producing Th17 cells, follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, or regulatory T (Treg) cells. In each of these Th cell subsets, a single transcription factor has been identified as a critical regulator of its specialized differentiation program. In this context, the expression of the "master regulator" is necessary and sufficient to activate lineage-specific genes while restricting the gene expression program of alternative Th fates. Thus, the transcription factor T-bet controls Th1 differentiation program, while the development of Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg cells is dependent on transcription factors GATA3, RORγt, Bcl6, and Foxp3, respectively. Nevertheless, master regulators or, more precisely, lineage-defining transcription factors do not function in isolation. In fact, they interact with a complex network of transcription factors, orchestrating cell lineage specification programs. In this review, we discuss the concept of the combinatorial interactions of key transcription factors in determining helper T cell identity. Additionally, lineage-defining transcription factors have well-established functions beyond their role in CD4+ Th subsets. They play critically important functions at distinct stages during T cell development in the thymus and they control the development of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the bone marrow. In tracking the journey of T cells traversing from the thymus to the periphery and during the immune response, we discuss in broad terms developmental stage and context-dependent functions of lineage-defining transcription factors in regulating specification programs of innate and adaptive lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille A Spinner
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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He Y, Hwang S, Ahmed YA, Feng D, Li N, Ribeiro M, Lafdil F, Kisseleva T, Szabo G, Gao B. Immunopathobiology and therapeutic targets related to cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:18-37. [PMID: 33203939 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, F-75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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32
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Kariyawasam HH. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: mechanistic insights from targeting IL-4 and IL-13 via IL-4Rα inhibition with dupilumab. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:1115-1125. [PMID: 33148074 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1847083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex immunological upper airway disease . CRSwNP, particularly in Caucasians, often has a more distinct T2 inflammatory endotype. IL-4 and IL-13 are key upstream cytokines that help establish and sustain T2 inflammation as well as strongly influencing tissue remodeling. They have a shared signaling receptor IL-4Rα. An attractive and novel therapeutic approach is by way of blocking IL-4 and IL-13 simultaneously via inhibiting IL-4Rα. Dupilumab is a murine derived fully human monoclonal inhibitory antibody directed against IL-4Rα which thereby prevents IL-4/IL-13 cell signaling. Following successful Phase 3 studies dupilumab has become the first licensed biologic for treating CRSwNP. Areas covered: This review covers the essential immunology of CRSwNP in the context of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling via IL-4Rα. The potential mechanisms by which therapeutic improvements occur with dupilumab are evaluated. IL-4, IL-13, dupilumab and rhinosinusitis were used as the search terms in PubMed and Google Scholar through to August 2020. Expert commentary: Dupilumab has the potential to transform the care for patients with CRSwNP. It is essential that further studies are conducted promptly to identify disease-specific biomarkers and clinical traits to guide clinicians on best patient selection thereby ensuring optimal dupilumab outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha H Kariyawasam
- Rhinology Section, Specialist Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal National ENT Hospital, London University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University College London , London, UK
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33
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Chang YS, Turturice B, Schott C, Finn P, Perkins D. Immune network dysregulation precedes clinical diagnosis of asthma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12784. [PMID: 32732938 PMCID: PMC7393349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic disease beginning in childhood that is characterized by dominant T-helper 2 cell activation without adequate counter-regulation by T-helper 1 cell and regulatory T cell activity. Prior transcriptomic studies of childhood asthma have primarily investigated subjects who already have a disease diagnosis, and have generally taken an approach of differential gene expression as opposed to differential gene interactions. The immune states that predispose towards allergic sensitization and disease development remain ill defined. We thus characterize immune networks of asthmatic predisposition in children at the age of 2, prior to the diagnosis of allergic asthma, who are subsequently diagnosed with asthma at the age of 7. We show extensive differences of gene expression networks and gene regulatory networks in children who develop asthma versus those who do not using transcriptomic data from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, transcription factors that bind proximally to one another share patterns of dysregulation, suggesting that network differences prior to asthma diagnosis result from altered accessibility of gene targets. In summary, we demonstrate non-allergen-specific immune network dysregulation in individuals long before clinical asthma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shin Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin Turturice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cody Schott
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Finn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Perkins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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34
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Myers DR, Norlin E, Vercoulen Y, Roose JP. Active Tonic mTORC1 Signals Shape Baseline Translation in Naive T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1858-1874.e6. [PMID: 31067469 PMCID: PMC6593126 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells are an example of dynamic cell homeostasis: T cells need to avoid autoreactivity while constantly seeing self-peptides, yet they must be primed to react to foreign antigens during infection. The instructive signals that balance this primed yet quiescent state are unknown. Interactions with self-peptides result in membrane-proximal, tonic signals in resting T cells. Here we reveal selective and robust tonic mTORC1 signals in CD4+ T cells that influence T cell fate decisions. We find that the Ras exchange factor Rasgrp1 is necessary to generate tonic mTORC1 signals. Genome-wide ribosome profiling of resting, primary CD4+ T cells uncovers a baseline translational landscape rich in mTOR targets linked to mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation, and splicing. Aberrantly increased tonic mTORC1 signals from a Rasgrp1Anaef allele result in immunopathology with spontaneous appearance of T peripheral helper cells, follicular helper T cells, and anti-nuclear antibodies that are preceded by subtle alterations in the translational landscape. Myers et al. evaluate a mouse model of autoimmunity, Rasgrp1Anaef. They find that T cells with the Rasgrp1Anaef allele exhibit altered signaling from Rasgrp1 to the mTORC1 pathway in the basal state. They show that increased basal Rasgrp1Anaef-mTORC1 signals lead to an altered translational landscape in T cells and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darienne R Myers
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emilia Norlin
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yvonne Vercoulen
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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35
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Sato K, Yamamoto H, Nomura T, Kasamatsu J, Miyasaka T, Tanno D, Matsumoto I, Kagesawa T, Miyahara A, Zong T, Oniyama A, Kawamura K, Yokoyama R, Kitai Y, Ishizuka S, Kanno E, Tanno H, Suda H, Morita M, Yamamoto M, Iwakura Y, Ishii K, Kawakami K. Production of IL-17A at Innate Immune Phase Leads to Decreased Th1 Immune Response and Attenuated Host Defense against Infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:686-698. [PMID: 32561568 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by many types of innate immune cells and Th17 cells and is involved in the elimination of extracellularly growing microorganisms, yet the role of this cytokine in the host defense against intracellularly growing microorganisms is not well known. Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic intracellular growth fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with impaired immune responses. In the current study, we analyzed the role of IL-17A in the host defense against C. deneoformans infection. IL-17A was quickly produced by γδT cells at an innate immune phase in infected lungs. In IL-17A gene-disrupted mice, clearance of this fungal pathogen and the host immune response mediated by Th1 cells were significantly accelerated in infected lungs compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, killing of this fungus and production of inducible NO synthase and TNF-α were significantly enhanced in IL-17A gene-disrupted mice. In addition, elimination of this fungal pathogen, Th1 response, and expression of IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γ in NK and NKT cells were significantly suppressed by treatment with rIL-17A. The production of IL-12p40 and TNF-α from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells stimulated with C. deneoformans was significantly suppressed by rIL-17A. In addition, rIL-17A attenuated Th1 cell differentiation in splenocytes from transgenic mice highly expressing TCR for mannoprotein 98, a cryptococcal Ag, upon stimulation with recombinant mannoprotein 98. These data suggest that IL-17A may be involved in the negative regulation of the local host defense against C. deneoformans infection through suppression of the Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nomura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-0905, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanno
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ikumi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kagesawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Anna Miyahara
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tong Zong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akiho Oniyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kotone Kawamura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rin Yokoyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shigenari Ishizuka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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36
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Ji W, Zhang Q, Shi H, Dong R, Ge D, Du X, Ren B, Wang X, Wang Q. The mediatory role of Majie cataplasm on inflammation of allergic asthma through transcription factors related to Th1 and Th2. Chin Med 2020; 15:53. [PMID: 32489402 PMCID: PMC7247251 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma, a common respiratory disease, is harmful biological effect to our health. As a traditional Chinese medicine for asthma, Majie cataplasm could alleviate the symptoms of asthma and its compositions have immunomodulatory effects. Previous experiments showed that Majie cataplasm was an effective approach to mitigate asthma airway remodeling and had the potential to regulate Th2 cytokines of IL-5 and IL-13. Therefore, our further research focuses on the explanation about the regulatory effect of Majie cataplasm on reshaping Th1/Th2 through their related transcription factors. Methods In this experiment, the launch of asthma model was made by inducing with Ovalbumin (OVA) in C57 mice (n = 40), including 4 groups: the untreated control group (n = 10), the asthma model group (n = 10), the dexamethasone group (n = 10) and the Majie cataplasm group (n = 10). After the intervention, all groups of animals got detected for serum IgE levels, and HE staining of lung tissues was to observe and examine pathological changes. Meanwhile, we analyzed the secretion of IL-4+ T cells and IFN-γ+ T cells in spleen by flow cytometry. The expressions of transcription factor STAT6 mRNA, GATA-3 mRNA and T-bet mRNA in lung tissues was tested by PCR, and western blot had been used to detect levels of JAK2 and STAT3. Results We found that Majie cataplasm eased the content of serum IgE and lung inflammation. It could lower the increased number of IL-4+ T cells and IFN-γ+ T cells (P < 0.0001, P < 0.01) in asthmatic mice and curb the expression of STAT6 mRNA and GATA-3 (P < 0.0001, P < 0.01) mRNA as well as the protein levels of JAK2 (P < 0.001) and the ratio of pSTAT3/STAT3 (P < 0.05). Besides, Majie cataplasm made its mark on T-bet mRNA by improving it (P < 0.0001). Conclusion These data suggest that Majie cataplasm exert an anti-inflammatory effect of Th2 by rebalancing Th1/Th2 through corresponding transcription factor STAT6, GATA-3, STAT3, and T-bet, which providing a strong cornerstone for asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ji
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hanfen Shi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Ruijuan Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xin Du
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Beida Ren
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
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37
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Chen T, Guo J, Cai Z, Li B, Sun L, Shen Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhou H, Cai Z, Ye Z. Th9 Cell Differentiation and Its Dual Effects in Tumor Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1026. [PMID: 32508847 PMCID: PMC7251969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and characteristics of cancers, the critical role of the immune system in preventing tumor development has been widely accepted. The understanding of the relationship between the immune system and cancer progression is constantly evolving, from the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis to immunoediting theory and the delicate balance in the tumor microenvironment. Currently, immunotherapy is regarded as a promising strategy against cancers. Although adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown some exciting results regarding the rejection of tumors, the effect is not always satisfactory. Cellular therapy with CD4+ T cells remains to be further explored since the current ACT is mainly focused on CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Recently, Th9 cells, a subgroup of CD4+ T helper cells characterized by the secretion of IL-9 and IL-10, have been reported to be effective in the elimination of solid tumors and to exhibit superior antitumor properties to Th1 and Th17 cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the understanding of Th9 cell differentiation and the dual role, both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects, of Th9 cells in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jufeng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Cai
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Deng Y, Wu S, Yang Y, Meng M, Chen X, Chen S, Li L, Gao Y, Cai Y, Imani S, Chen B, Li S, Deng Y, Li X. Unique Phenotypes of Heart Resident Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32431711 PMCID: PMC7214751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s, play critical roles in regulating immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. However, limited attention is focused on the unique phenotype of ILCs in the heart tissue. In this study, we analyzed the ILC subsets in the heart by flow cytometry and found that ILC2s were the dominant population of ILCs, while a lower proportion of type 1 ILCs (including ILC1 and NK cells) and merely no ILC3s in the heart tissue of mice. Our results show that ILC2 development kinetically peaked in heart ILC2s at the age of 4 weeks after birth and later than lung ILC2s. By conducting parabiosis experiment, we show that heart ILC2s are tissue resident cells and minimally replaced by circulating cells. Notably, heart ILC2s have unique phenotypes, such as lower expression of ICOS, CD25 (IL-2Rα), and Ki-67, higher expression of Sca-1 and GATA3, and stronger ability to produce IL-4 and IL-13. In doxorubicin-induced myocardial necroptosis model of mouse heart tissue, IL-33 mRNA expression level and ILC2s were remarkably increased. In addition, IL-4 production by heart ILC2s, but not lung ILC2s, was also dramatically increased after doxorubicin treatment. Our results demonstrate that heart-resident ILC2s showed tissue-specific phenotypes and rapidly responded to heart injury. Thus, further studies are warranted to explore the potential for IL-33-elicited ILC2s response as therapeutics for attenuating heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Meng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Li
- Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingbo Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Gunne-Braden A, Sullivan A, Gharibi B, Sheriff RSM, Maity A, Wang YF, Edwards A, Jiang M, Howell M, Goldstone R, Wollman R, East P, Santos SDM. GATA3 Mediates a Fast, Irreversible Commitment to BMP4-Driven Differentiation in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:693-706.e9. [PMID: 32302522 PMCID: PMC7487786 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During early development, extrinsic triggers prompt pluripotent cells to begin the process of differentiation. When and how human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) irreversibly commit to differentiation is a fundamental yet unanswered question. By combining single-cell imaging, genomic approaches, and mathematical modeling, we find that hESCs commit to exiting pluripotency unexpectedly early. We show that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), an important differentiation trigger, induces a subset of early genes to mirror the sustained, bistable dynamics of upstream signaling. Induction of one of these genes, GATA3, drives differentiation in the absence of BMP4. Conversely, GATA3 knockout delays differentiation and prevents fast commitment to differentiation. We show that positive feedback at the level of the GATA3-BMP4 axis induces fast, irreversible commitment to differentiation. We propose that early commitment may be a feature of BMP-driven fate choices and that interlinked feedback is the molecular basis for an irreversible transition from pluripotency to differentiation. Irreversible commitment to BMP4-driven hESC differentiation is fast SMAD activation is sustained, bistable, and irreversible due to positive feedback GATA3 mirrors SMAD dynamics and mediates fast commitment to differentiation GATA3 is an early commitment gene
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rahuman S M Sheriff
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Alok Maity
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roy Wollman
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Imbratta C, Hussein H, Andris F, Verdeil G. c-MAF, a Swiss Army Knife for Tolerance in Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:206. [PMID: 32117317 PMCID: PMC7033575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its well-admitted role in development and organogenesis, it is now clear that the transcription factor c-Maf has owned its place in the realm of immune-related transcription factors. Formerly introduced solely as a Th2 transcription factor, the role attributed to c-Maf has gradually broadened over the years and has extended to most, if not all, known immune cell types. The influence of c-Maf is particularly prominent among T cell subsets, where c-Maf regulates the differentiation as well as the function of multiple subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells, lending it a crucial position in adaptive immunity and anti-tumoral responsiveness. Recent research has also revealed the role of c-Maf in controlling Th17 responses in the intestine, positioning it as an essential factor in intestinal homeostasis. This review aims to present and discuss the recent advances highlighting the particular role played by c-Maf in T lymphocyte differentiation, function, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Imbratta
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hind Hussein
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Andris
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Han C, Lei D, Liu L, Xie S, He L, Wen S, Zhou H, Ma T, Li S. Morphine induces the differentiation of T helper cells to Th2 effector cells via the PKC-θ-GATA3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106133. [PMID: 31931364 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T help 2 (Th2) cell differentiation by morphine has been verified. However, the underlying mechanism of morphine induces Th2 cell differentiation remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible basis of morphine induced Th2 cell differentiation. METHODS Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the content of T help 1(Th1) cell and Th2 cell. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Western blotting was conducted in this study. RESULTS Th2 cell subset and IL-4 level were elevated in morphine induced naïve T cells. Pathway determining found the protein phosphorylation level of PKC-θ and the expression and activity of the transcription factor GATA3 was also enhanced in the naïve T cells challenged by morphine. Moreover, inhibitor of morphine(naltrexone) or PKC-θ(AEB071) can reverse morphine-induced Th2 cell differentiation. CONCLUSION These results suggested that morphine induce naïve T cell differentiation to Th2 cells via the PKC-θ/GATA3 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Clinical College, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoyun Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songhui Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianping He
- School of Experience Industry, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tieliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Clinical College, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Kadowaki A, Saga R, Lin Y, Sato W, Yamamura T. Gut microbiota-dependent CCR9+CD4+ T cells are altered in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 2019; 142:916-931. [PMID: 30770703 PMCID: PMC6439331 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), characterized by accumulating fixed disability, is yet to be fully understood. Although alterations in the gut microbiota have recently been highlighted in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, the mechanism linking the altered gut environment with the remote CNS pathology remains unclear. Here, we analyse human CD4+ memory T cells expressing the gut-homing chemokine receptor CCR9 and found a reduced frequency of CCR9+ memory T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SPMS relative to healthy controls. The reduction in the proportion of CCR9+ cells among CD4+ memory T cells (%CCR9) in SPMS did not correlate with age, disease duration or expanded disability status scale score, although %CCR9 decreased linearly with age in healthy controls. During the clinical relapse of both, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, a high proportion of cells expressing the lymphocyte activating 3 gene (LAG3) was detected among CCR9+ memory T cells isolated from the CSF, similar to that observed for mouse regulatory intraepithelial lymphocytes. In healthy individuals, CCR9+ memory T cells expressed higher levels of CCR6, a CNS-homing chemokine receptor, and exhibited a regulatory profile characterized by both the expression of C-MAF and the production of IL-4 and IL-10. However, in CCR9+ memory T cells, the expression of RORγt was specifically upregulated, and the production of IL-17A and IFNγ was high in patients with SPMS, indicating a loss of regulatory function. The evaluation of other cytokines supported the finding that CCR9+ memory T cells acquire a more inflammatory profile in SPMS, reporting similar aspects to CCR9+ memory T cells of the elderly healthy controls. CCR9+ memory T cell frequency decreased in germ-free mice, whereas antibiotic treatment increased their number in specific pathogen-free conditions. Here, we also demonstrate that CCR9+ memory T cells preferentially infiltrate into the inflamed CNS resulting from the initial phase and that they express LAG3 in the late phase in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Antibiotic treatment reduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis symptoms and was accompanied by an increase in CCR9+ memory T cells in the peripheral blood. Antibodies against mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MADCAM1), which is capable of blocking cell migration to the gut, also ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Overall, we postulate that the alterations in CCR9+ memory T cells observed, caused by either the gut microbiota changes or ageing, may lead to the development of SPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kadowaki
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryoko Saga
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youwei Lin
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakiro Sato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Role of Co-stimulatory Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:153-177. [PMID: 31758534 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in orchestrating the immune response to a variety of pathogens but also regulate autoimmune responses, asthma, allergic responses, as well as tumor immunity. To cover this broad spectrum of responses, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and TFH, as defined by their cytokine pattern and function. The fate decision of T helper cell differentiation integrates signals delivered through the T cell receptor, cytokine receptors, and the pattern of co-stimulatory signals received. In this review, we summarize the contribution of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors to the differentiation and maintenance of T helper cell responses.
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Kikuchi T, Nakae J, Kawano Y, Watanabe N, Onodera M, Itoh H. Foxo in T Cells Regulates Thermogenic Program through Ccr4/Ccl22 Axis. iScience 2019; 22:81-96. [PMID: 31756626 PMCID: PMC6880116 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between immunity and the thermogenic program has provided insight into metabolic energy regulation. Here, we generated thermogenic program-accelerating mice (T-QKO), in which Foxo1 is knockout and Foxo3 is hetero-knockout in CD4+ T cells. T-QKO exhibit lean phenotype under HFD due to increased energy expenditure. Cold exposure significantly increased expression of the thermogenic genes (Ppargc1a and Ucp1), Th2 cytokines (Il4 and Il13), and Th2 marker gene (Gata3) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SC) of T-QKO. Furthermore, Ccr4 expression was significantly increased in Th2 cells of T-QKO, and cold exposure induced Ccl22 expression in SC, leading to increased accumulation of Th2 cell population in SC of T-QKO. These data reveal a mechanism by which cold exposure induces selective recruitment of Th2 cells into SC, leading to regulation of energy expenditure by generating beige adipocyte and suggest that inhibition of Foxo in T cells may support a strategy to prevent and treat obesity. T-QKO increases Gata3 and Ccr4 expression in CD4+ T cells Cold exposure increases Ccl22 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue Cold exposure increases SC-specific recruitment of Th2 cells in T-QKO Recruited Th2 cells secrete IL-4 and IL-13 and increase beiging of adipocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kikuchi
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Yoshinaga Kawano
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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45
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Cunha P, Vern YL, Gitton C, Germon P, Foucras G, Rainard P. Expansion, isolation and first characterization of bovine Th17 lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16115. [PMID: 31695097 PMCID: PMC6834651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A-producing T helper cells (Th17) are CD4+ T cells that are crucial to immunity to extracellular bacteria. The roles of these cells in the bovine species are poorly defined, because the characterization of bovine Th17 cells lags behind for want of straightforward cultivation and isolation procedures. We have developed procedures to differentiate, expand, and isolate bovine Th17 cells from circulating CD4+ T cells of adult cows. Using polyclonal stimulation with antibodies to CD3 and CD28, we expanded IL-17A-positive CD4+ T cells in a serum-free cell culture medium supplemented with TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-2. Populations of CD4+ T cells producing IL-17A or IFN-γ or both cytokines were obtained. Isolation of IL-17A-secreting CD4+ T cells was performed by labelling surface IL-17A, followed by flow cytometry cell sorting. The sorted Th17 cells were restimulated and could be expanded for several weeks. These cells were further characterized by cytokine profiling at transcriptomic and protein levels. They produced high amounts of IL-17A and IL-17F, and moderate amounts of IL-22 and IFN-γ. The techniques developed will be useful to characterize the phenotypic and functional properties of bovine Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cunha
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Pierre Germon
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- IHAP, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Rainard
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France.
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46
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Bagadia P, Huang X, Liu TT, Murphy KM. Shared Transcriptional Control of Innate Lymphoid Cell and Dendritic Cell Development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:381-406. [PMID: 31283378 PMCID: PMC6886469 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity and adaptive immunity consist of highly specialized immune lineages that depend on transcription factors for both function and development. In this review, we dissect the similarities between two innate lineages, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and dendritic cells (DCs), and an adaptive immune lineage, T cells. ILCs, DCs, and T cells make up four functional immune modules and interact in concert to produce a specified immune response. These three immune lineages also share transcriptional networks governing the development of each lineage, and we discuss the similarities between ILCs and DCs in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA;
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA;
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA;
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
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47
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Stark JM, Tibbitt CA, Coquet JM. The Metabolic Requirements of Th2 Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2318. [PMID: 31611881 PMCID: PMC6776632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon activation, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into a number of specialized T helper (Th) cell subsets. Th2 cells are central players in immunity to helminths and are implicated in mediating the inflammatory pathology associated with allergies. The differentiation of Th2 cells is dependent on transcription factors such as GATA3 and STAT6, which prime Th2 cells for the secretion of interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13. Several lines of work now suggest that differentiating Th2 cells in the lymph node are potent IL-4 cytokine producers, but do not become competent IL-5- and IL-13-producing cells until after receiving cues from non-lymphoid tissue. It is evident that Th2 cells that enter tissues undergo considerable changes in chromatin architecture and gene expression, and that over this time, the metabolic requirements of these cells change considerably. Herein, we discuss the metabolic requirements of Th2 cells during their early and late differentiation, focusing on the impact of glucose and lipid metabolism, mTOR activation, the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ and several metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Tibbitt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Enciso J, Pelayo R, Villarreal C. From Discrete to Continuous Modeling of Lymphocyte Development and Plasticity in Chronic Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1927. [PMID: 31481957 PMCID: PMC6710364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular events leading to differentiation, development, and plasticity of lymphoid cells have been subject of intense research due to their key roles in multiple pathologies, such as lymphoproliferative disorders, tumor growth maintenance and chronic diseases. The emergent roles of lymphoid cells and the use of high-throughput technologies have led to an extensive accumulation of experimental data allowing the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRN) by integrating biochemical signals provided by the microenvironment with transcriptional modules of lineage-specific genes. Computational modeling of GRN has been useful for the identification of molecular switches involved in lymphoid specification, prediction of microenvironment-dependent cell plasticity, and analyses of signaling events occurring downstream the activation of antigen recognition receptors. Among most common modeling strategies to analyze the dynamical behavior of GRN, discrete dynamic models are widely used for their capacity to capture molecular interactions when a limited knowledge of kinetic parameters is present. However, they are less powerful when modeling complex systems sensitive to biochemical gradients. To compensate it, discrete models may be transformed into regulatory networks that includes state variables and parameters varying within a continuous range. This approach is based on a system of differential equations dynamics with regulatory interactions described by fuzzy logic propositions. Here, we discuss the applicability of this method on modeling of development and plasticity processes of adaptive lymphocytes, and its potential implications in the study of pathological landscapes associated to chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Enciso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Villarreal
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Física Cuántica y Fotónica, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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49
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Spinner CA, Lamsoul I, Métais A, Febrissy C, Moog-Lutz C, Lutz PG. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Asb2α in T Helper 2 Cells Negatively Regulates Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1332-1344. [PMID: 31175139 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The escape of cancer cells from host immunosurveillance involves a shift in immune responses, including an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cells. A Th1-dominated immune response predicts positive outcomes in colorectal cancer. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, Asb2α, is expressed in Th2 cells, but its roles in T-cell maturation and cancer are unclear. We provide evidence that the Th2 master regulator, Gata3, induces Asb2 Loss of Asb2 did not affect Th differentiation ex vivo, but reduced IL4 production from Th2 cells. We found that high ASB2 expression was associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer. Loss of Asb2 from hematopoietic cells promoted a Th1 response and attenuated colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice. Diminished Th2 function correlated with increased IFNγ production and an enhanced type 1 antitumor immune response in Asb2-deficient mice. Our work suggests that Asb2α promotes a Th2 phenotype in vivo, which in turn is associated with tumor progression in a mouse model of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille A Spinner
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Lamsoul
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Arnaud Métais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chanaëlle Febrissy
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Moog-Lutz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre G Lutz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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50
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Hung LY, Johnson JL, Ji Y, Christian DA, Herbine KR, Pastore CF, Herbert DR. Cell-Intrinsic Wnt4 Influences Conventional Dendritic Cell Fate Determination to Suppress Type 2 Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:511-519. [PMID: 31175162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Whether conventional dendritic cells (cDC) acquire subset identity under direction of Wnt family glycoproteins is unknown. We demonstrate that Wnt4, a β-catenin-independent Wnt ligand, is produced by both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and is both necessary and sufficient for preconventional DC1/cDC1 maintenance. Whereas bone marrow cDC precursors undergo phosphoJNK/c-Jun activation upon Wnt4 treatment, loss of cDC Wnt4 in CD11cCreWnt4flox/flox mice impaired differentiation of CD24+, Clec9A+, CD103+ cDC1 compared with CD11cCre controls. Conversely, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of bone marrow revealed a 2-fold increase in cDC2 gene signature genes, and flow cytometry demonstrated increased numbers of SIRP-α+ cDC2 amid lack of Wnt4. Increased cDC2 numbers due to CD11c-restricted Wnt4 deficiency increased IL-5 production, group 2 innate lymphoid cell expansion, and host resistance to the hookworm parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Collectively, these data uncover a novel and unexpected role for Wnt4 in cDC subset differentiation and type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Hung
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John L Johnson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yingbiao Ji
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David A Christian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Karl R Herbine
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christopher F Pastore
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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