1
|
Zheng WJ, Li WQ, Peng Y, Shao Y, Tang L, Liu CT, Zhang D, Zhang LJ, Li JH, Luo WZ, Yuan ZC, Zhao BR, Mao BG. E2Fs co-participate in cadmium stress response through activation of MSHs during the cell cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1068769. [PMID: 36531377 PMCID: PMC9749859 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1068769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants found in agricultural fields. MutSα, MutSβ, and MutSγ are three different MutS-associated protein heterodimer complexes consisting of MSH2/MSH6, MSH2/MSH3, and MSH2/MSH7, respectively. These complexes have different mismatch recognition properties and abilities to support MMR. However, changes in mismatch repair genes (OsMSH2, OsMSH3, OsMSH6, and OsMSH7) of the MutS system in rice, one of the most important food crops, under cadmium stress and their association with E2Fs, the key transcription factors affecting cell cycles, are poorly evaluated. In this study, we systematically categorized six rice E2Fs and confirmed that OsMSHs were the downstream target genes of E2F using dual-luciferase reporter assays. In addition, we constructed four msh mutant rice varieties (msh2, msh3, msh6, and msh7) using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology, exposed these mutant rice seedlings to different concentrations of cadmium (0, 2, and 4 mg/L) and observed changes in their phenotype and transcriptomic profiles using RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. We found that the difference in plant height before and after cadmium stress was more significant in mutant rice seedlings than in wild-type rice seedlings. Transcriptomic profiling and qRT-PCR quantification showed that cadmium stress specifically mobilized cell cycle-related genes ATR, CDKB2;1, MAD2, CycD5;2, CDKA;1, and OsRBR1. Furthermore, we expressed OsE2Fs in yeasts and found that heterologous E2F expression in yeast strains regulated cadmium tolerance by regulating MSHs expression. Further exploration of the underlying mechanisms revealed that cadmium stress may activate the CDKA/CYCD complex, which phosphorylates RBR proteins to release E2F, to regulate downstream MSHs expression and subsequent DNA damage repairment, thereby enhancing the response to cadmium stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zheng
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Wang-Qing Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ci-Tao Liu
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan-Jing Zhang
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Huan Li
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu-Zhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Bing-Ran Zhao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Gang Mao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Z, Zheng T, Dai L, Liu Y, Li S, Qu G. Ectopic Expression of Poplar PsnCYCD1;1 Reduces Cell Size and Regulates Flower Organ Development in Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:868731. [PMID: 35463407 PMCID: PMC9021869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.868731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The D-type cyclin (CYCD) gene, as the rate-limiting enzyme in the G1 phase of cell cycle, plays a vital role in the process of plant growth and development. Early studies on plant cyclin mostly focused on herbs, such as Arabidopsis thaliana. The sustainable growth ability of woody plants is a unique characteristic in the study of plant cyclin. Here, the promoter of PsnCYCD1;1 was cloned from poplar by PCR and genetically transformed into tobacco. A strong GUS activity was observed in the areas with vigorous cell division, such as stem tips, lateral buds, and young leaves. The PsnCYCD1;1-GFP fusion expression vector was transformed into tobacco, and the green fluorescence signal was observed in the nucleus. Compared with the control plant, the transgenic tobacco showed significant changes in the flower organs, such as enlargement of sepals, petals, and fruits. Furthermore, the stems of transgenic plants were slightly curved at each stem node, the leaves were curled on the adaxial side, and the fruits were seriously aborted after artificial pollination. Microscopic observation showed that the epidermal cells of petals, leaves, and seed coats of transgenic plants became smaller. The transcriptional levels of endogenous genes, such as NtCYCDs, NtSTM, NtKNAT1, and NtASs, were upregulated by PsnCYCD1;1. Therefore, PsnCYCD1;1 gene played an important role in the regulation of flower organ and stem development, providing new understanding for the functional characterization of CYCD gene and new resources for improving the ornamental value of horticultural plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tangchun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Chu L, Liu X, Zhang N, Xu Y, Karikari B, Wang Y, Chang F, Liu Z, Tan L, Yue H, Xing G, Zhao T. Genetic Architecture and Candidate Genes for Pubescence Length and Density and Its Relationship With Resistance to Common Cutworm in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:771850. [PMID: 35069626 PMCID: PMC8776989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.771850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean pubescence plays an important role in insect resistance, drought tolerance, and other stresses. Hence, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying pubescence is a prerequisite to a deeper understanding of insect resistance and drought tolerance. In the present study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of pubescence traits was performed using a high-density inter-specific linkage map of one recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, designated NJRINP. It was observed that pubescence length (PL) was negatively correlated with pubescence density (PD). A total of 10 and 9 QTLs distributed on six and five chromosomes were identified with phenotypic variance (PV) of 3.0-9.9% and 0.8-15.8% for PL and PD, respectively, out of which, eight and five were novel. Most decreased PL (8 of 10) and increased PD (8 of 9) alleles were from the wild soybean PI 342618B. Based on gene annotation, Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships and literature search, 21 and 12 candidate genes were identified related to PL and PD, respectively. In addition, Glyma.12G187200 from major QTLs qPL-12-1 and qPD-12-2, was identified as Ps (sparse pubescence) before, having an expression level of fivefold greater in NN 86-4 than in PI 342618B, hence it might be the candidate gene that is conferring both PL and PD. Based on gene expression and cluster analysis, three and four genes were considered as the important candidate genes of PL and PD, respectively. Besides, leaves with short and dense (SD) pubescence, which are similar to the wild soybean pubescence morphology, had the highest resistance to common cutworm (CCW) in soybean. In conclusion, the findings in the present study provide a better understanding of genetic basis and candidate genes information of PL and PD and the relationship with resistance to CCW in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yu Wang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangguo Chang
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zexinan Liu
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianmei Tan
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Yue
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute/MARA National Center for Soybean Improvement/MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahapatra K, Roy S. SOG1 transcription factor promotes the onset of endoreduplication under salinity stress in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11659. [PMID: 34079040 PMCID: PMC8172935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As like in mammalian system, the DNA damage responsive cell cycle checkpoint functions play crucial role for maintenance of genome stability in plants through repairing of damages in DNA and induction of programmed cell death or endoreduplication by extensive regulation of progression of cell cycle. ATM and ATR (ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA-MUTATED and -RAD3-RELATED) function as sensor kinases and play key role in the transmission of DNA damage signals to the downstream components of cell cycle regulatory network. The plant-specific NAC domain family transcription factor SOG1 (SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1) plays crucial role in transducing signals from both ATM and ATR in presence of double strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome and found to play crucial role in the regulation of key genes involved in cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, endoreduplication and programmed cell death. Here we report that Arabidopsis exposed to high salinity shows generation of oxidative stress induced DSBs along with the concomitant induction of endoreduplication, displaying increased cell size and DNA ploidy level without any change in chromosome number. These responses were significantly prominent in SOG1 overexpression line than wild-type Arabidopsis, while sog1 mutant lines showed much compromised induction of endoreduplication under salinity stress. We have found that both ATM-SOG1 and ATR-SOG1 pathways are involved in the salinity mediated induction of endoreduplication. SOG1was found to promote G2-M phase arrest in Arabidopsis under salinity stress by downregulating the expression of the key cell cycle regulators, including CDKB1;1, CDKB2;1, and CYCB1;1, while upregulating the expression of WEE1 kinase, CCS52A and E2Fa, which act as important regulators for induction of endoreduplication. Our results suggest that Arabidopsis undergoes endoreduplicative cycle in response to salinity induced DSBs, showcasing an adaptive response in plants under salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Mahapatra
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713 104, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713 104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chemical composition of cell wall changes during developmental stages of galls on Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae): perspectives obtained by immunocytochemistry analysis. Naturwissenschaften 2021; 108:16. [PMID: 33871712 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-021-01732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of plant organs depends on cell division, elongation, structural and chemical changes, and reorganization of cell wall components. As phenotype manipulators, galling insects can manipulate the structure and metabolism of host tissues to build the gall. The gall formation depends on the rearrangement of cell wall components to allow cell growth and elongation, key step for the knowledge regarding gall development, and shape acquisition. Herein, we used an immunocytochemical approach to investigate the chemical composition of the cell wall during the development of galls induced by Bystracoccus mataybae (Eriococcidae) on leaflets of Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae). Different developmental stages of non-galled leaflets (n = 10) and of leaflet galls (n = 10) were collected from the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) for anatomical and immunocytochemical analysis. We found that the epitopes of (1 → 4) β-D-galactans and (1 → 5) α-L-arabinans were evident in the tissues of the young and senescent galls. These epitopes seem to be associated with the mechanical stability maintenance and increased gall porosity. As well, the degree of methyl-esterification of pectins changed from the young to the senescent galls and revealed the conservation of juvenile cell and tissue features even in the senescent galls. The extensins detected in senescent galls seem to support their rigidity and structural reinforcement of these bodies. Our results showed a disruption in the pattern of deposition of leaflet cell wall for the construction of M. guianensis galls, with pectin and protein modulation associated with the change of the developmental gall stages.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan Y, Xu X, Luo Y, Gong Z, Hu X, Wu M, Liu Y, Yan F, Zhang X, Zhang W, Tang Y, Feng B, Li Z, Jiang C, Deng W. R2R3 MYB-dependent auxin signalling regulates trichome formation, and increased trichome density confers spider mite tolerance on tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:138-152. [PMID: 32654333 PMCID: PMC7769234 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Unicellular and multicellular tomato trichomes function as mechanical and chemical barriers against herbivores. Auxin treatment increased the formation of II, V and VI type trichomes in tomato leaves. The auxin response factor gene SlARF4, which was highly expressed in II, V and VI type trichomes, positively regulated the auxin-induced formation of II, V and VI type trichomes in the tomato leaves. SlARF4 overexpression plants with high densities of these trichomes exhibited tolerance to spider mites. Two R2R3 MYB genes, SlTHM1 and SlMYB52, were directly targeted and inhibited by SlARF4. SlTHM1 was specifically expressed in II and VI type trichomes and negatively regulated the auxin-induced formation of II and VI type trichomes in the tomato leaves. SlTHM1 down-regulation plants with high densities of II and VI type trichomes also showed tolerance to spider mites. SlMYB52 was specifically expressed in V type trichomes and negatively regulated the auxin-induced formation of V type trichome in the tomato leaves. The regulation of SlARF4 on the formation of II, V and VI type trichomes depended on SlTHM1 and SlMYB52, which directly targeted cyclin gene SlCycB2 and increased its expression. In conclusion, our data indicates that the R2R3 MYB-dependent auxin signalling pathway regulates the formation of II, V and VI type trichomes in tomato leaves. Our study provides an effective method for improving the tolerance of tomato to spider mites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yingqing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zehao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wenfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bihong Feng
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Cai‐Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research UnitUnited States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceDavisCAUSA
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of ChongqingSchool of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Center of Plant Functional GenomicsInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MYB43 in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus) Positively Regulates Vascular Lignification, Plant Morphology and Yield Potential but Negatively Affects Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050581. [PMID: 32455973 PMCID: PMC7290928 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana MYB43 (AtMYB43) is suggested to be involved in cell wall lignification. PtrMYB152, the Populus orthologue of AtMYB43, is a transcriptional activator of lignin biosynthesis and vessel wall deposition. In this research, MYB43 genes from Brassica napus (rapeseed) and its parental species B. rapa and B. oleracea were molecularly characterized, which were dominantly expressed in stem and other vascular organs and showed responsiveness to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection. The BnMYB43 family was silenced by RNAi, and the transgenic rapeseed lines showed retardation in growth and development with smaller organs, reduced lodging resistance, fewer silique number and lower yield potential. The thickness of the xylem layer decreased by 28%; the numbers of sclerenchymatous cells, vessels, interfascicular fibers, sieve tubes and pith cells in the whole cross section of the stem decreased by 28%, 59%, 48%, 34% and 21% in these lines, respectively. The contents of cellulose and lignin decreased by 17.49% and 16.21% respectively, while the pectin content increased by 71.92% in stems of RNAi lines. When inoculated with S. sclerotiorum, the lesion length was drastically decreased by 52.10% in the stems of transgenic plants compared with WT, implying great increase in disease resistance. Correspondingly, changes in the gene expression patterns of lignin biosynthesis, cellulose biosynthesis, pectin biosynthesis, cell cycle, SA- and JA-signals, and defensive pathways were in accordance with above phenotypic modifications. These results show that BnMYB43, being a growth-defense trade-off participant, positively regulates vascular lignification, plant morphology and yield potential, but negatively affects resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Moreover, this lignification activator influences cell biogenesis of both lignified and non-lignified tissues of the whole vascular organ.
Collapse
|
8
|
Foyer CH, Pellny TK, Locato V, Hull J, De Gara L. Analysis of Redox Relationships in the Plant Cell Cycle: Determination of Ascorbate, Glutathione, and Poly(ADPribose)polymerase (PARP) in Plant Cell Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1990:165-181. [PMID: 31148071 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9463-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low molecular weight antioxidants, such as glutathione and ascorbate, are powerful signalling molecules that participate in the control of plant growth and development, and modulate progression through the mitotic cell cycle. Enhanced ROS accumulation or low levels of ascorbate or glutathione cause the cell cycle to arrest and halt progression especially through the G1 checkpoint. Plant cell suspension cultures have proved to be particularly useful tools for the study of cell cycle regulation. Here we provide effective and accurate methods for the measurement of changes in the cellular ascorbate and glutathione pools and the activities of related enzymes such poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) during mitosis and cell expansion, particularly in cell suspension cultures. These methods can be used in studies seeking to improve current understanding of the roles of redox controls on cell division and cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Till K Pellny
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Vittoria Locato
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathon Hull
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Faculty Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura De Gara
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu X, Sun L, Wu Q, Men X, Yao L, Xing S. Transcriptome profile analysis reveals the ontogenesis of rooted chichi in Ginkgo biloba L. Gene 2018; 669:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
10
|
Li L, Gao W, Peng Q, Zhou B, Kong Q, Ying Y, Shou H. Two soybean bHLH factors regulate response to iron deficiency. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:608-622. [PMID: 29575545 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an indispensable micronutrient for plant growth and development. Limited bioavailability of Fe in the soil leads to iron deficiency chlorosis in plants and yield loss. In this study, two soybean basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, GmbHLH57 and GmbHLH300, were identified in response to Fe-deficiency. Both transcription factors are expressed in roots and nodules, and are induced by Fe deficiency; these patterns were confirmed in transgenic hairy roots expressing constructs of the endogenous promoters fused to a GUS reporter gene. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays indicated a physical interaction between GmbHLH57 and GmbHLH300. Studies on transgenic soybeans overexpressing GmbHLH57 and GmbHLH300 revealed that overexpression of each transcription factor, alone, results in no change of the responses to Fe deficiency, whereas overexpression of both transcription factors upregulated the downstream Fe uptake genes and increased the Fe content in these transgenic plants. Compared to wild type, these double overexpression transgenic plants were more tolerant to Fe deficiency. Taken together, our findings establish that GmbHLH57 and GmbHLH300 are important transcription factors involved in Fe homeostasis in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qihui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinghui Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao Y, Wen H, Teotia S, Du Y, Zhang J, Li J, Sun H, Tang G, Peng T, Zhao Q. Suppression of microRNA159 impacts multiple agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:215. [PMID: 29162059 PMCID: PMC5699021 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in plant growth and development. miR159 is a conserved miRNA among different plant species and has various functions in plants. Studies on miR159 are mostly done on model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. In rice, studies on miR159 were either based upon genome-wide expression analyses focused upon responses to different nitrogen forms and abiotic stress or upon phenotypic studies of transgenic plants overexpressing its precursor. STTM (Short Tandem Target Mimic) is an effective tool to block the activity of endogenous mature miRNA activity in plant. Therefore, specific roles of miR159 in rice could be explored by down regulating miR159 through STTM. RESULTS In this study, expression of mature miR159 was successfully suppressed by STTM which resulted in the increased expressions of its two targets genes, OsGAMYB and OsGAMYBL1 (GAMYB-LIKE 1). Overall, STTM159 plants exhibited short stature along with smaller organ size and reduction in stem diameter, length of flag leaf, main panicle, spikelet hulls and grain size. Histological analysis of stem, leaf and mature spikelet hull showed the reduced number of small vascular bundles (SVB), less number of small veins (SV) between two big veins (LV) and less cell number in outer parenchyma. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that in rice, miR159 positively regulates organ size, including stem, leaf, and grain size due to the promotion of cell division. Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Huili Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
| | - Yanxiu Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Junzhou Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
| | - Ting Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao S, Gao Y, Xiong C, Yu G, Chang J, Yang Q, Yang C, Ye Z. The tomato B-type cyclin gene, SlCycB2, plays key roles in reproductive organ development, trichome initiation, terpenoids biosynthesis and Prodenia litura defense. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 262:103-114. [PMID: 28716406 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclins exist extensively in various plant species. Among them, B-type cyclins play important roles in the transition of G2-to-M. However, few B-type cyclins have been reported to participate in reproductive organ development and trichome formation. In this study, transgene analysis showed that SlCycB2 overexpression caused abnormal flower with the unclosed stamen, shortened style and aberrant pollen. In addition, nearly all non-glandular trichomes, as well as the glandular ones were disappeared. On the contrary, suppression of SlCycB2 could promote type III and type V trichomes formation. Detection of secondary metabolites indicated that the production of monoterpene and sesquiterpene were significantly decreased in SlCycB2-OE plants, which thus resulted in the reduction of the defense against Prodenia litura. Transcriptome profile demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes mainly participate in the biosynthesis of terpenes, cutin, suberine and wax. Furthermore, we identified several homologs of SlCycB2, SlCycB3, NtCycB2, AtCycB2, which have similar regulatory functions in trichome formation. These results indicate that SlCycB2 plays a critical role in reproductive organ development, multicellular trichome initiation, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and Prodenia litura defense in tomato. The similar roles of its homologs in multicellular trichome formation suggest that Solanaceous species may share common regulatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanna Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
dos Santos ALW, Elbl P, Navarro BV, de Oliveira LF, Salvato F, Balbuena TS, Floh EIS. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze cell lines with contrasting embryogenic potential. J Proteomics 2016; 130:180-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
14
|
Guo J, Liu H, He Y, Cui X, Du X, Zhu J. Origination of asexual plantlets in three species of Crassulaceae. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:591-603. [PMID: 25252887 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During asexual plant reproduction, cells from different organs can be reprogrammed to produce new individuals, a process that requires the coordination of cell cycle reactivation with the acquisition of other cellular morphological characteristics. However, the factors that influence the variety of asexual reproduction have not yet been determined. Here, we report on plantlet formation in Kalanchoe daigremontiana, Graptopetalum paraguayense, and Crassula portulacea (Crassulaceae) and analyse the effect of initiating cells on asexual reproduction in these three species. Additionally, the roles of WUSCHEL (WUS) and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) in the asexual reproduction of these species were analysed through qRT-PCR. Our results indicated that pre-existing stem cell-like cells at the sites of asexual reproduction were responsible for the formation of plantlets. These cells were arrested in different phases of the cell cycle and showed different cell morphological characteristics and cell counts. The accumulation of auxin and cytokinin at the sites of asexual plantlet formation indicated their important functions, particularly for cell cycle reactivation. These differences may influence the pattern and complexity of asexual reproduction in these Crassulaceae species. Additionally, the dynamic expression levels of CUC1 and WUS may indicate that CUC1 functions in the formation of callus and shoot meristems; whereas, WUS was only associated with shoot induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Magalhães TA, de Oliveira DC, Suzuki AYM, Isaias RMDS. Patterns of cell elongation in the determination of the final shape in galls of Baccharopelma dracunculifoliae (Psyllidae) on Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae). PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:747-753. [PMID: 24213017 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell redifferentiation, division, and elongation are recurrent processes, which occur during gall development, and are dependent on the cellulose microfibrils reorientation. We hypothesized that changes in the microfibrils orientation from non-galled tissues to galled ones occur and determine the final gall shape. This determination is caused by a new tissue zonation, its hyperplasia, and relative cell hypertrophy. The impact of the insect's activity on these patterns of cell development was herein tested in Baccharopelma dracunculifoliae-Baccharis dracunculifolia system. In this system, the microfibrils are oriented perpendicularly to the longest cell axis in elongated cells and randomly in isodiametric ones, either in non-galled or in galled tissues. The isodiametric cells of the abaxial epidermis in non-galled tissues divided and elongated periclinally, forming the outer gall epidermis. The anticlinally elongated cells of the abaxial palisade layer and the isodiametric cells of the spongy parenchyma originated the gall outer cortex with hypertrophied and periclinally elongated cells. The anticlinally elongated cells of the adaxial palisade layer originated the inner cortex with hypertrophied and periclinally elongated cells in young and mature galls and isodiametric cells in senescent galls. The isodiametric cells of the adaxial epidermis elongated periclinally in the inner gall epidermis. The current investigation demonstrates the role of cellulose microfibril reorientation for gall development. Once many factors other than this reorientation act on gall development, it should be interesting to check the possible relationship of the new cell elongation patterns with the pectic composition of the cell walls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Alves Magalhães
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo J, Wu J, Zhang T, Gong H. Over-expression of SlCycA3 gene in Arabidopsis accelerated the cell cycle transition. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:659-670. [PMID: 32481021 DOI: 10.1071/fp13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We characterised an A-type cyclin SlCycA3 (AJ243453) from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that SlCycA3 was 71% identical to A3-type cyclin in Nicotiana tabacum L. (CAA63540), 48% identical to its homologue found in Arabidopsis thaliana (NP_199122), and 48% identical to its homologue in Pisum sativum L. (CAB77269). SlCycA3 gene was transformed into Arabidopsis plants in order to study its function. The hypocotyl length of transgenic plants was approximately half the length of wild-type plants, and the cell size in the transgenic lines was also smaller. The transgenic plants had longer roots than the wild type. Overexpression of SlCycA3 gene accelerated the cell cycle from G1/S transition to early M-phase, thereby accelerating the cell division. When the plants were treated with IAA and 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) for 2 days, the transgenic plants produced more lateral roots than wild type. Treatment with IBA significantly increased the cell number in the G2-phase in transgenic plants compared with wild type after treatment for 10 days, whereas the proportion of cells in the S-phase was strongly increased by IAA treatment both in wild-type and transgenic plants. These results suggest a possible key role for cyclin in regulating root growth and development and provide some evidence of cell division underlying hormone treatment in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haijun Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Iantcheva A, Brown S, Vlahova M, Atanassov A. Cell Cycle Plasticity in Response of Low Temperature in Root Tips of TetraploidMedicago. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2004.10819228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
18
|
Wang X, Han F, Yang M, Yang P, Shen S. Exploring the response of rice (Oryza sativa) leaf to gibberellins: a proteomic strategy. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 6:17. [PMID: 24280421 PMCID: PMC4883738 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellins (GAs) are plant-specific hormones that play a central role in the regulation of growth and development with respect to environmental variability. Plants respond to GAs signal through various biochemical and physiological processes. To better understand the response for GA signal, we carried out a proteomic study in rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica) leaf. RESULTS Through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectroscopy analysis, we identified 61 proteins as GA-responsive. These proteins were annotated in various biological functions, such as signal transduction and cell growth/division, photosynthesis and energy metabolism, protein stability and defense. Among these, photosynthetic proteins decreased while many catabolic proteins increased. In addition, GA up-regulated a variety of cell growth/division, protein stability and defense proteins such as cell division cycle protein 48, molecular chaperones, and catalases. CONCLUSION This is the first report that cell division cycle protein 48 may be responsible for leaf expansion after leaf sensing GA signal. The results presented here provide new insight into the mechanism of rice leaf in response to GA signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
- />Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Feng Han
- />College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- />Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Pingfang Yang
- />Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Shihua Shen
- />Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma Z, Wu Y, Jin J, Yan J, Kuang S, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Guo AY. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the evolution and diversification of cyclins in eukaryotes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 66:1002-10. [PMID: 23261709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclins are a family of diverse proteins that play fundamental roles in regulating cell cycle progression in Eukaryotes. Cyclins have been identified from protists to higher Eukaryotes, while its evolution remains vague and the findings turn out controversial. Current classification of cyclins is mainly based on their functions, which may not be appropriate for the systematic evolutionary analysis. In this work, we performed comparative and phylogenetic analysis of cyclins to investigate their classification, origin and evolution. Cyclins originated in early Eukaryotes and evolved from protists to plants, fungi and animals. Based on the phylogenetic tree, cyclins can be divided into three major groups designated as the group I, II and III with different functions and features. Group I plays key roles in cell cycle, group II varied in actions are kingdom (plant, fungi and animal) specific, and group III functions in transcription regulation. Our results showed that the dominating cyclins (group I) diverged from protists to plants, fungi and animals, while divergence of the other cyclins (groups II and III) has occurred in protists. We also discussed the evolutionary relationships between cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and found that the cyclins have undergone divergence in protists before the divergence of animal CDKs. This reclassification and evolutionary analysis of cyclins might facilitate understanding eukaryotic cell cycle control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowu Ma
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao L, Hao D, Chen L, Lu Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Duan Y, Li W. Roles for a soybean RAV-like orthologue in shoot regeneration and photoperiodicity inferred from transgenic plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3257-70. [PMID: 22389516 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The soybean gene Glyma10g34760 appears to encode a RAV2-like transcription factor orthologue (DQ147914; hereafter GmRAV) based on sequence similarity. The gene is a member of the ERF/AP2 transcription factor family that has been shown to be increased in transcript abundance by cytokinins (CKs). Transgenic GmRAV-overexpressing (-ox) tobacco plants exhibited increased CK signalling-related phenotypes including dwarfism, reduced apical dominance, extreme longevity, vigorous outgrowth of lateral buds, small and dark green leaves, reduced root growth, repressed flowering under both long- and short-day conditions, and altered sensitivity to daylength. In contrast, inhibition (-i) of GmRAV in soybean displayed the opposite phenotypic alterations which were consistent with defects in CK signalling. Phenotypes included earlier time of emergence; reduced numbers of branches, leaves, and flower buds; increased plant height; increased apical dominance; and earlier flowering and maturity. GmRAV-i soybean was less sensitive to cytokinin in hypocotyls and root growth inhibition assays. GmRAV-i soybean showed decreased frequency of adventious shoot formation in tissue culture in the presence of CKs, which might be attributed to the significantly decreased activities of CUC2, STM, and WUS involved in shoot meristem specification. GmRAV protein was localized in the nucleus in leaves. The GmRAV promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion was largely expressed in a meristematic region of the shoot apex, which was consistent with expressed sequence tag and microarray data. GmRAV was inferred to play a key role in CK and photoperiod signalling that subsequently regulated plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alayón-Luaces P, Ponce NMA, Mroginski LA, Stortz CA, Sozzi GO. Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from apple fruit callus cultures modulated by different plant growth regulators. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 185-186:169-175. [PMID: 22325878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall composition of apples callus cultures showed changes in the presence of 5 mg l(-1) of three different plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely picloram, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. Although the structural functions of cell walls do not generally allow for pronounced variations of the total pectin and matrix glycan content, this work provides evidence that the addition of these plant growth regulators can rule, at least partly, cell wall metabolism in apple callus cultures. The chelator- and carbonate-extracts always had the analytical characteristics of pectins, with high proportions of uronic acids, arabinose and galactose as the main monosaccharides, and a significant proportion of rhamnose, but the cross-linking glycan fractions were still rich in RG-I-like material. The application of PGRs produced shifts of uronic acid and neutral sugars between fractions. Arabinose was the neutral sugar exhibiting more variations in apple callus cell wall. Picloram and abscisic acid produced an increase of the uronic acid contents of the cell walls. The AIRs obtained from calluses treated with different PGRs did not show large amounts of high molecular weight products, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. For the carbonate-extract only the callus treated with picloram displayed two separated peaks for products of different molecular weights. The chromatographic profiles for the 4% KOH-extract displayed two peaks for all the treatments, one very sharp with high molecular weight, and another one wider of smaller molecular weight, whereas the difference between treatments can only be appraised through the areas of the peaks. This is the first report on cell wall composition from fruit calluses supplemented with different PGRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alayón-Luaces
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, W3402 Corrientes, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gutzat R, Borghi L, Gruissem W. Emerging roles of RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED proteins in evolution and plant development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:139-48. [PMID: 22240181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) proteins are plant homologs of the human tumor suppressor pRB. Similar to their animal counterparts they have roles in cell cycle regulation and differentiation. We discuss recent findings of the evolution of RBR functions ranging from a molecular ruler and metabolic integrator in algae to a coordinator of differentiation in gametophytes. Genetic analysis and manipulation of protein levels during gametophytic and post-embryonic plant development are now providing new insights into the function of RBR in stem cell maintenance, cell specification and differentiation. We briefly explain interactions of RBR with chromatin-modifying complexes that appear to be a central underlying molecular mechanism during developmental transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gutzat
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Universitaetsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou X, Li Q, Chen X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Liu K, Xu J. The Arabidopsis RETARDED ROOT GROWTH gene encodes a mitochondria-localized protein that is required for cell division in the root meristem. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:1793-804. [PMID: 21984726 PMCID: PMC3327206 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.185827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To develop a growing root, cell division in the root meristem has to be properly regulated in order to generate or propagate new cells. How cell division is regulated in the root meristem remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RETARDED ROOT GROWTH (RRG) gene that plays a role in the regulation of root meristem cell division. In the root, RRG is predominantly expressed in the root meristem. Disruption of RRG function reduced numbers of dividing cells, the rate of cell production, and endoreduplication, and thus affected meristem size and root growth. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and marker-assisted analyses revealed that expression levels of several cell cycle genes were decreased in the mutant roots, indicating a defect in cell cycle progression. Mutations in RRG, however, did not affect the expression of key root-patterning genes and an auxin-responsive marker, suggesting that RRG is not essential for root patterning and auxin signaling. RRG is a mitochondria-localized protein conserved in plants and shares a DUF155 domain with proteins related to cell division in yeast, and rrg mutants displayed extensive vacuolization in mitochondria. We propose that Arabidopsis RRG is a conserved mitochondrial protein required for cell division in the root meristem.
Collapse
|
24
|
Celton JM, Martinez S, Jammes MJ, Bechti A, Salvi S, Legave JM, Costes E. Deciphering the genetic determinism of bud phenology in apple progenies: a new insight into chilling and heat requirement effects on flowering dates and positional candidate genes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:378-92. [PMID: 21770946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the genetic determinism of bud phenological traits using two segregating F(1) apple (Malus × domestica) progenies. Phenological trait variability was dissected into genetic and climatic components using mixed linear modeling, and estimated best linear unbiased predictors were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection. For flowering dates, year effects were decomposed into chilling and heat requirements based on a previously developed model. QTL analysis permitted the identification of two major and population-specific genomic regions on LG08 and LG09. Both 'chilling requirement' and 'heat requirement' periods influenced flowering dates, although their relative impact was dependent on the genetic background. Using the apple genome sequence data, putative candidate genes underlying one major QTL were investigated. Numerous key genes involved in cell cycle control were identified in clusters within the confidence interval of the major QTL on LG09. Our results contribute towards a better understanding of the interaction between QTLs and climatic conditions, and provide a basis for the identification of genes involved in bud growth resumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-M Celton
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR AGAP, Equipe AFEF, Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kwon HK, Wang MH. The D-type cyclin gene (Nicta;CycD3;4) controls cell cycle progression in response to sugar availability in tobacco. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:133-9. [PMID: 20655622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
D-type cyclins play key roles in the G1-to-S phase transition that occurs in response to nutrient and hormonal signals. In higher plants, sucrose is the major transported carbon source, and is likely to be a major determinant of cell division. To elucidate how sugar affects on the regulation of cell cycle machinery and plant development, we examined the role of carbon sources on the expression of cell-cycle-related genes in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing Nicta;CycD3;4. The Nicta;CycD3;4 overexpressed transgenic plants showed accelerated growth and remarkable increase in the number of cells in the S and G2 phases in response to sucrose concentrations. Increased expressions level of Nicta;CycD3;4 gene was observed in transgenic tobacco plants grown on 1/2 strength MS medium supplemented with a high concentration of sugar. Moreover, the expression of sugar-sensing-related gene, invertase, was also maintained at a high level in transgenic tobacco plants with elevated sugar availability. These findings indicate that sugar availability plays a role during the G1 phase and the transition of the G1-to-S phase of cell cycle by controlling the expression of Nicta;CycD3;4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2-dong, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bothwell JH, Marie D, Peters AF, Cock JM, Coelho SM. Role of endoreduplication and apomeiosis during parthenogenetic reproduction in the model brown alga Ectocarpus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:111-21. [PMID: 20618911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
• The filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus has a complex life cycle, involving alternation between independent and morphologically distinct sporophyte and gametophyte generations. In addition to this basic haploid-diploid life cycle, gametes can germinate parthenogenetically to produce parthenosporophytes. This article addresses the question of how parthenosporophytes, which are derived from a haploid progenitor cell, are able to produce meiospores in unilocular sporangia, a process that normally involves a reductive meiotic division. • We used flow cytometry, multiphoton imaging, culture studies and a bioinformatics survey of the recently sequenced Ectocarpus genome to describe its life cycle under laboratory conditions and the nuclear DNA changes which accompany key developmental transitions. • Endoreduplication occurs during the first cell cycle in about one-third of parthenosporophytes. The production of meiospores by these diploid parthenosporophytes involves a meiotic division similar to that observed in zygote-derived sporophytes. By contrast, meiospore production in parthenosporophytes that fail to endoreduplicate occurs via a nonreductive apomeiotic event. • Our results highlight Ectocarpus's reproductive and developmental plasticity and are consistent with previous work showing that its life cycle transitions are controlled by genetic mechanisms and are independent of ploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Bothwell
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu YY, Li JZ, Li YL, Wei MG, Cui QX, Wang QL. Identification of differentially expressed genes at two key endosperm development stages using two maize inbreds with large and small grain and integration with detected QTL for grain weight. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 121:433-47. [PMID: 20364377 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Maize endosperm accounts for more than 80% of the grain weight. Cell division and grain filling are the two key stages for endosperm development. Previous studies showed that gene expression during differential stages in endosperm development is greatly different. However, information on systematic identification and characterization of the differentially expressed genes between the two stages are limited. In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to generate four subtracted cDNA libraries for the two stages using two maize inbreds with large and small grain. Totally, 4,784 differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were sequenced and 902 were non-redundant, which consisted of 344 unique ESTs. Among them 192 had high sequence similarity to the GenBank entries and represent diverse of functional categories, such as metabolism, cell growth/division, transcription, signal transduction, protein destination/storage, protein synthesis and others. The expression patterns of 75.7% SSH-derived cDNAs were confirmed by reverse Northern blot and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and exhibited the similar results (75.0%). Genes differentially expressed between two key stages for the two inbreds were involved in diverse physiological process pathway, which might be responsible for the formation of grain weight. 43.8% (70 of the 160 unique ESTs) of the identified ESTs were assigned to 39 chromosome bins distributed over all ten maize chromosomes. Eleven ESTs were found to co-localize with previous detected QTLs for grain weight, which might be considered as the candidate genes of grain weight for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Rd, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park S, Rancour DM, Bednarek SY. In planta analysis of the cell cycle-dependent localization of AtCDC48A and its critical roles in cell division, expansion, and differentiation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 148:246-58. [PMID: 18660433 PMCID: PMC2528134 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.121897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
CDC48/p97 is a conserved homohexameric AAA-ATPase chaperone required for a variety of cellular processes but whose role in the development of a multicellular model system has not been examined. Here, we have used reverse genetics, visualization of a functional Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CDC48 fluorescent fusion protein, and morphological analysis to examine the subcellular distribution and requirements for AtCDC48A in planta. Homozygous Atcdc48A T-DNA insertion mutants arrest during seedling development, exhibiting decreased cell expansion and displaying pleiotropic defects in pollen and embryo development. Atcdc48A insertion alleles show significantly reduced male transmission efficiency due to defects in pollen tube growth. Yellow fluorescent protein-AtCDC48A, a fusion protein that functionally complements the insertion mutant defects, localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm and is recruited to the division mid-zone during cytokinesis. The pattern of nuclear localization differs according to the stage of the cell cycle and differentiation state. Inducible expression of an Atcdc48A Walker A ATPase mutant in planta results in cytokinesis abnormalities, aberrant cell divisions, and root trichoblast differentiation defects apparent in excessive root hair emergence. At the biochemical level, our data suggest that the endogenous steady-state protein level of AtCDC48A is dependent upon the presence of ATPase-active AtCDC48A. These results demonstrate that CDC48A/p97 is critical for cytokinesis, cell expansion, and differentiation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sookhee Park
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Foyer CH, Pellny TK, Locato V, De Gara L. Analysis of redox relationships in the plant cell cycle: determinations of ascorbate, glutathione and poly (ADPribose)polymerase (PARP) in plant cell cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 476:199-215. [PMID: 19157018 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-129-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low molecular weight antioxidants, such as glutathione and ascorbate, are powerful signaling molecules that participate in the control of plant growth and development, and modulate progression through the mitotic cell cycle. Enhanced reactive oxygen species accumulation or low levels of ascorbate or glutathione cause the cell cycle to arrest and halt progression especially through the G1 checkpoint. Plant cell suspension cultures have proved to be particularly useful tools for the study of cell cycle regulation. Here we provide effective and accurate methods for the measurement of changes in the cellular ascorbate and glutathione pools and the activities of related enzymes such poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase during mitosis and cell expansion, particularly in cell suspension cultures. These methods can be used in studies seeking to improve current understanding of the roles of redox controls on cell division and cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo J, Song J, Wang F, Zhang XS. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of rice cell cycle genes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 64:349-60. [PMID: 17443292 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and a number of other proteins control the progression of plant cell cycle. Although extensive studies have revealed the roles of some cell cycle regulators and the underlying mechanisms in Arabidopsis, relatively a small number of cell cycle regulators were functionally analyzed in rice. In this study, we describe 41 regulators in the rice genome. Our results indicate that the rice genome contains a less number of the core cell cycle regulators than the Arabidopsis one does, although the rice genome is much larger than the Arabidopsis one. Eight groups of CDKs similar to those in Arabidopsis were identified in the rice genome through phylogenetic analysis, and the corresponding members in the different groups include E2F, CKI, Rb, CKS and Wee. The structures of the core cell regulators were relatively conserved between the rice and Arabidopsis genomes. Furthermore, the expression of the majority of the core cell cycle genes was spatially regulated, and the most closely related ones showed very similar patterns of expression, suggesting functional redundancy and conservation between the highly similar core cell cycle genes in rice and Arabidopsis. Following auxin or cytokinin treatment, the expression of the core cell cycle genes was either upregulated or downregulated, suggesting that auxin and/or cytokinin may directly regulate the expression of the core cell cycle genes. Our results provide basic information to understand the mechanism of cell cycle regulation and the functions of the rice cell cycle genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jin YS, Seong ES, Qu GZ, Han W, Yoon BS, Wang MH. Cloning and morphological properties of Nicgl;CYCD3;1 gene in genetic tumors from interspecific hybrid of N. langsdorffii and N. glauca. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 165:317-23. [PMID: 17566604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant genetic tumors represent neoplastic growths, which arise spontaneously in hybrid plants without apparent external induction. To understand the molecular nature of unregulated cell proliferation, a cyclin D cDNA clone encoding a cyclin D of 1104bp was isolated from a genetic tumor and designated Nicgl;CYCD3;1 gene. DNA gel blot analysis suggested that there are two copies of Nicgl;CYCD3;1 in the genetic tumors. Northern analysis showed that this gene had the highest expression level in genetic tumor compared to Nicotiana glauca, N. langsdorffii and hybrid plants. Plant morphology of hybrid plant was an intermediate between N. glauca and N. langsdorffii and was altered in the genetic tumors. The cell cycle distribution in N. glauca was G0/G1, 90.59; S, 0.60; G2/M, 8.81; in N. langsdorffii it was G 0/G1, 86.22; S, 6.90; G2/M, 6.88; in hybrid plants it was G 0/G1, 96.40; S, 1.79; G2/M, 1.81; and in genetic tumors G 0/G1, 74.70; S, 2.35; G2/M, 22.94. These data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic tumor formation from interspecific hybrid between N. langsdorffii and N. glauca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shan Jin
- School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
He YC, He YQ, Qu LH, Sun MX, Yang HY. Tobacco zygotic embryogenesis in vitro: the original cell wall of the zygote is essential for maintenance of cell polarity, the apical-basal axis and typical suspensor formation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 49:515-27. [PMID: 17243994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a reliable in vitro zygotic embryogenesis system in tobacco. A single zygote of a dicotyledonous plant was able to develop into a fertile plant via direct embryogenesis with the aid of a co-culture system in which fertilized ovules were employed as feeders. The results confirmed that a tobacco zygote could divide in vitro following the basic embryogenic pattern of the Solanad type. The zygote cell wall and directional expansion are two critical points in maintaining apical-basal polarity and determining the developmental fate of the zygote. Only those isolated zygotes with an almost intact original cell wall could continue limited directional expansion in vitro, and only these directionally expanded zygotes could divide into typical apical and basal cells and finally develop into a typical embryo with a suspensor. In contrast, isolated zygote protoplasts deprived of cell walls could enlarge but could not directionally elongate, as in vivo zygotes do before cell division, even when the cell wall was regenerated during in vitro culture. The zygote protoplasts could also undergo asymmetrical division to form one smaller and one larger daughter cell, which could develop into an embryonic callus or a globular embryo without a suspensor. Even cell walls that hung loosely around the protoplasts appeared to function, and were closely correlated with the orientation of the first zygotic division and the apical-basal axis, further indicating the essential role of the original zygotic cell wall in maintaining apical-basal polarity and cell-division orientation, as well as subsequent cell differentiation during early embryo development in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi He
- Key Laboratory of MOE for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim YS, Park CM. Membrane regulation of cytokinin-mediated cell division in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2007; 2:15-6. [PMID: 19704799 PMCID: PMC2633889 DOI: 10.4161/psb.2.1.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlled proteolytic activation of membrane-bound transcription factors (MTFs) is an efficient adaptation strategy that ensures prompt transcriptional responses to intrinsic and environmental changes in eukaryotes. The proteolytic processing liberates active transcription factors from the membranes, which subsequently enter the nucleus and turn on downstream target genes. In the December issue of Plant Cell, we have demonstrated that an Arabidopsis membrane-bound NAC transcription factor, designated NTM1, is activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). The transcriptionally active NTM1 form induces a subset of CDK inhibitor genes (KRPs), resulting in reduced cell division. We have also shown that cytokinins regulate NTM1 activity by modulating its protein stability via an ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated protein degradation pathway, defining a unique molecular scheme by which cytokinins regulate cell division. It is thus envisioned that both positive and negative signaling components would be required for tight control of cell cycling by cytokinins. In this addendum, we propose a working hypothesis in which environmental stresses affect cell division by regulating NTM1 expression or NTM1 processing step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Sung Kim
- Molecular Signaling Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marsch-Martinez N, Greco R, Becker JD, Dixit S, Bergervoet JHW, Karaba A, de Folter S, Pereira A. BOLITA, an Arabidopsis AP2/ERF-like transcription factor that affects cell expansion and proliferation/differentiation pathways. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 62:825-43. [PMID: 17096212 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-9059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The BOLITA (BOL) gene, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, was characterized with the help of an activation tag mutant and overexpression lines in Arabidopsis and tobacco. The leaf size of plants overexpressing BOL was smaller than wild type plants due to a reduction in both cell size and cell number. Moreover, severe overexpressors showed ectopic callus formation in roots. Accordingly, global gene expression analysis using the overexpression mutant reflected the alterations in cell proliferation, differentiation and growth through expression changes in RBR, CYCD, and TCP genes, as well as genes involved in cell expansion (i.e. expansins and the actin remodeling factor ADF5). Furthermore, the expression of hormone signaling (i.e. auxin and cytokinin), biosynthesis (i.e. ethylene and jasmonic acid) and regulatory genes was found to be perturbed in bol-D mutant leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayelli Marsch-Martinez
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim YS, Kim SG, Park JE, Park HY, Lim MH, Chua NH, Park CM. A membrane-bound NAC transcription factor regulates cell division in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2006; 18:3132-44. [PMID: 17098812 PMCID: PMC1693948 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.043018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release of membrane-tethered, dormant precursors is an intriguing activation mechanism that regulates diverse cellular functions in eukaryotes. An exquisite example is the proteolytic activation of membrane-bound transcription factors. The proteolytic cleavage liberates active transcription factors from the membranes that can enter the nucleus and evokes rapid transcriptional responses to incoming stimuli. Here, we show that a membrane-bound NAC (for NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factor, designated NTM1 (for NAC with transmembrane motif1), is activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis and mediates cytokinin signaling during cell division in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell proliferation was greatly reduced in an Arabidopsis mutant with retarded growth and serrated leaves in which a transcriptionally active NTM1 form was constitutively expressed. Accordingly, a subset of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor genes (the KIP-related proteins) was induced in this mutant with a significant reduction in histone H4 gene expression and in CDK activity. Consistent with a role for NTM1 in cell cycling, a Ds element insertional mutant was morphologically normal but displayed enhanced hypocotyl growth with accelerated cell division. Interestingly, cytokinins were found to regulate NTM1 activity by controlling its stability. These results indicate that the membrane-mediated activation of NTM1 defines a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin signaling is tightly regulated during cell cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Sung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang F, Huo SN, Guo J, Zhang XS. Wheat D-type cyclin Triae;CYCD2;1 regulate development of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PLANTA 2006; 224:1129-40. [PMID: 16767458 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The D-type cyclin genes play key roles in plant development of Arabidopsis. To investigate the functions of cyclins in monocots, a putative ortholog of cyclin D2 genes was isolated from wheat shoot tissues, and designated as Triae;CYCD2;1. The transcripts of Triae;CYCD2;1 were primarily localized in the proliferating tissues, particularly, in shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia of wheat plants. Ectopic expression of Triae;CYCD2;1 in Arabidopsis affected plant morphology and retarded plant growth. Further examination showed that the promotion of cell division and the inhibition of cell differentiation occurred in both transgenic plants and tissues. In vitro experiments indicated that Triae;CYCD2;1 had functional roles in responding to cytokinin and auxin. Molecular analysis revealed that the transcript levels of several cell cycle-associated genes, particularly Arath;CYCD3;1, were increased in the Arabidopsis plants with the expressing Triae;CYCD2;1. The results in this study provide new information on D-type cyclin in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Menges M, Samland AK, Planchais S, Murray JAH. The D-type cyclin CYCD3;1 is limiting for the G1-to-S-phase transition in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2006; 18:893-906. [PMID: 16517759 PMCID: PMC1425856 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.039636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The G1-to-S-phase transition is a key regulatory point in the cell cycle, but the rate-limiting component in plants is unknown. Overexpression of CYCLIN D3;1 (CYCD3;1) in transgenic plants increases mitotic cycles and reduces endocycles, but its effects on cell cycle progression cannot be unambiguously determined. To analyze the cell cycle roles of plant D-type cyclins, we overexpressed CYCD3;1 in Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures. Changes in cell number and doubling time were insignificant, but cultures exhibited an increased proportion of G2- over G1-phase cells, as well as increased G2 arrest in response to stationary phase and sucrose starvation. Synchronized cultures confirm that CYCD3;1-expressing (but not CYCD2;1-expressing) cells show increased G2-phase length and delayed activation of mitotic genes such as B-type cyclins, suggesting that CYCD3;1 has a specific G1/S role. Analysis of putative cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation sites within CYCD3;1 shows that mutating Ser-343 to Ala enhances CYCD3;1 potency without affecting its rate of turnover and results in a fivefold increase in the level of cell death in response to sucrose removal. We conclude that CYCD3;1 dominantly drives the G1/S transition, and in sucrose-depleted cells the decline in CYCD3;1 levels leads to G1 arrest, which is overcome by ectopic CYCD3;1 expression. Ser-343 is likely a key residue in modulating CYCD3;1 activity in response to sucrose depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margit Menges
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QT Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
La H, Li J, Ji Z, Cheng Y, Li X, Jiang S, Venkatesh PN, Ramachandran S. Genome-wide analysis of cyclin family in rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Mol Genet Genomics 2006; 275:374-86. [PMID: 16435118 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cyclins together with highly conserved cyclin-dependent kinases regulate cell cycle progression in plants. Although extensive and systematic study on cell cycle mechanisms and cyclin functions in yeasts and animals has been carried out, only a small number of plant cyclins have been characterized and classified functionally and phylogenetically. We identified several types of cyclin genes in the rice genome and characterized them by phylogenetic, tandem and segmental duplications analyses. Our results indicated that there were at least 49 predicted rice cyclin genes in the rice genome, and they were distributed on 12 chromosomes. Of these cyclins, one possessed only cyclin_C domain and no cyclin_N domain, and the remaining 48 cyclins with cyclin_N domains were classified as nine types based on evolutionary relationships. Eight of these nine types were common between rice and Arabidopsis, whereas only one, known as F-type cyclins, was unique to rice. No homologues of the F-type cyclins in plants could be retrieved from the public databases, and reverse transcription-PCR analysis supported an existence of the F-type cyclin genes. Sequence alignment suggested that the cyclin genes in the rice genome experienced a mass of gene tandem and segmental duplications occurred on seven chromosomes related to the origins of new cyclin genes. Our study provided an opportunity to facilitate assessment and classification of new members, serving as a guide for further functional elucidation of rice cyclins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honggui La
- Rice Functional Genomics, Joint Laboratory of Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory of Singapore and Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chua YL, Channelière S, Mott E, Gray JC. The bromodomain protein GTE6 controls leaf development in Arabidopsis by histone acetylation at ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1. Genes Dev 2005; 19:2245-54. [PMID: 16166385 PMCID: PMC1221894 DOI: 10.1101/gad.352005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The transition from the juvenile to the mature phase during vegetative development in plants is characterized by changes in leaf shape. We show that GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GROUP E6 (GTE6) regulates differences in leaf patterning between juvenile and mature leaves in Arabidopsis. GTE6 encodes a novel small bromodomain-containing protein unique to plants. Mutations in GTE6 disrupt the formation of elliptical leaf laminae in mature leaves, whereas overexpression of GTE6 resulted in elongated juvenile leaves. GTE6 positively regulates the expression of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1), which encodes a myb-domain protein that controls proximodistal patterning of leaves. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we show that GTE6 is associated with the promoter and the start of the transcribed region of AS1 and up-regulates expression of AS1 through acetylation of histones H3 and H4. Genetic studies demonstrated that AS1 is epistatic to GTE6, indicating that GTE6 regulates AS1 during leaf morphogenesis. Chromatin remodeling at AS1 is a key regulatory mechanism in leaf development, which ensures the continual production of mature leaves following juvenile-adult transition, thereby maintaining the identity of the mature vegetative phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yii Leng Chua
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Han W, Rhee HI, Cho JW, Ku MSB, Song PS, Wang MH. Overexpression of Arabidopsis ACK1 alters leaf morphology and retards growth and development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:887-90. [PMID: 15809079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) play important roles in the plant cell cycle, a highly coordinated process in plant growth and development. To understand the regulatory network involving the CDKs, we have examined the role of ACK1, a gene that has significant homology to known ICKs (inhibitors of CDKs), but occupies a distinct branch of the ICK phylogenetic tree. Overexpression of ACK1 in transgenic Arabidopsis significantly inhibited growth, leading to effects such as serration of leaves, as a result of strong inhibition of cell division in the leaf meristem. ACK1 transgenic plants also differed morphologically from control Arabidopsis plants, and the cells of ACK1 transgenics were more irregular than the corresponding cells of control plants. These results suggest that ACK1 acts as a CDK inhibitor in Arabidopsis, and that the alterations in leaf shape may be the result of restricted cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Han
- Division of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cho JW, Park SC, Shin EA, Kim CK, Han W, Sohn SI, Song PS, Wang MH. Cyclin D1 and p22ack1 play opposite roles in plant growth and development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 324:52-7. [PMID: 15464981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The plant cell division cycle, a highly coordinated process, is continually regulated during the growth and development of plants. In this report, we demonstrate how two cell-cycle regulators act together to control cell proliferation in transgenic Arabidopsis. To identify potential cyclin dependent kinase regulators from Arabidopsis, we employed an two-hybrid screening system to isolate genes encoding G1 specific cyclin-interacting proteins. One of these, p22(ack1), which encodes a novel 22kDa protein, binds to cyclin D1. Overexpression of p22(ack1) in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in growth retardation due to a strong inhibition of cell division in the leaf primordial and meristematic tissue. The leaf shape of p22(ack1) transgenic Arabidopsis was altered from oval in wild-type to dentate. Wild-type phenotype was successfully restored in F1 hybrids by cross-hybridizing the p22(ackl)Arabidopsis mutants with cyclin D1. Taken together, these results suggest that p22(ack1) and cyclin D1, which act antagonistically, are major rate-limiting factors for cell division in the leaf meristem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Cho
- Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, Oryongdong, Bukgu, Kwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Masuda HP, Ramos GBA, de Almeida-Engler J, Cabral LM, Coqueiro VM, Macrini CMT, Ferreira PCG, Hemerly AS. Genome based identification and analysis of the pre-replicative complex of Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2004; 574:192-202. [PMID: 15358564 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA replication requires an ordered and regulated machinery to control G1/S transition. The formation of the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) is a key step involved in licensing DNA for replication. Here, we identify all putative components of the full pre-RC in the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Different from the other eukaryotes, Arabidopsis houses in its genome two putative homologs of ORC1, CDC6 and CDT1. Two mRNA variants of AtORC4 subunit, with different temporal expression patterns, were also identified. Two-hybrid binary interaction assays suggest a primary architectural organization of the Arabidopsis ORC, in which AtORC3 plays a central role in maintaining the complex associations. Expression profiles differ among pre-RC components suggesting the existence of various forms of the complex, possibly playing different roles during development. In addition, the expression of the putative pre-RC genes in non-proliferating plant tissues suggests that they might have roles in processes other than DNA replication licensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H P Masuda
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kaźmierczak A. Aminooxyacetic acid inhibits antheridiogenesis and development of Anemia phyllitidis gametophytes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2004; 23:203-210. [PMID: 15480681 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytomorphological studies of the development of young fern gametophytes (Anemia phyllitidis) have been used to investigate combined effects of gibberellic acid and ethylene on male sex expression. ACC (the key by-product in ethylene biosynthesis pathway) was found to exert a synergetic effect on the gibberellic acid-induced antheridia formation, and this phenomenon could be related with the specific stimulation of cell growth and activity of their differentiation. To complete and verify those observations male sex expression in the fern gametophytes treated with ACC-biosynthesis inhibitor was reinvestigated. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) restrained antheridia formation via inhibition of cell divisions. AOA influenced the arrangement and flexibility of cellulose microfibrils in the antheridial zone cells, thus affecting cell expansion. On the other hand, the level of DNA synthesis was not reduced. Transient increase in the number of S-phase cells, followed by the accumulation of G2-phase cells led to the enhancement of cell polyploidization. All these findings correspond with the previous observations and support participation of ethylene in gibberellic acid-induced male sex expression in ferns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14, 90231, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang G, Kong H, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Altman N, DePamphilis CW, Ma H. Genome-wide analysis of the cyclin family in Arabidopsis and comparative phylogenetic analysis of plant cyclin-like proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 135:1084-99. [PMID: 15208425 PMCID: PMC514142 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclins are primary regulators of the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases, which are known to play critical roles in controlling eukaryotic cell cycle progression. While there has been extensive research on cell cycle mechanisms and cyclin function in animals and yeasts, only a small number of plant cyclins have been characterized functionally. In this paper, we describe an exhaustive search for cyclin genes in the Arabidopsis genome and among available sequences from other vascular plants. Based on phylogenetic analysis, we define 10 classes of plant cyclins, four of which are plant-specific, and a fifth is shared between plants and protists but not animals. Microarray and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses further provide expression profiles of cyclin genes in different tissues of wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Comparative phylogenetic studies of 174 plant cyclins were also performed. The phylogenetic results imply that the cyclin gene family in plants has experienced more gene duplication events than in animals. Expression patterns and phylogenetic analyses of Arabidopsis cyclin genes suggest potential gene redundancy among members belonging to the same group. We discuss possible divergence and conservation of some plant cyclins. Our study provides an opportunity to rapidly assess the position of plant cyclin genes in terms of evolution and classification, serving as a guide for further functional study of plant cyclins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanfang Wang
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Planchais S, Samland AK, Murray JAH. Differential stability of Arabidopsis D-type cyclins: CYCD3;1 is a highly unstable protein degraded by a proteasome-dependent mechanism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 38:616-625. [PMID: 15125768 DOI: 10.1111/j.0960-7412.2004.02071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the D-type cyclin CYCD3 is rate-limiting for transition of the G(1)/S boundary, and is transcriptionally upregulated at this point in cells re-entering the cell cycle in response to plant hormones and sucrose. However, little is known about the regulation of plant cell-cycle regulators at the protein level. We show here that CYCD3;1 is a phosphoprotein highly regulated at the level of protein abundance, whereas another D-type cyclin CYCD2;1 is not. The level of CYCD3;1 protein falls rapidly on sucrose depletion, correlated with the arrest of cells in G(1) phase, suggesting a rapid turnover of CYCD3;1. Treatment of exponentially growing cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) confirms that CYCD3;1 is normally a highly unstable protein, with a half-life of approximately 7 min on CHX treatment. In both sucrose-starved and exponentially growing cells, CYCD3;1 protein abundance increases in response to treatment with MG132 (carbobenzoxyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-leucinal), a reversible proteasome inhibitor, but not in response to the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 or the calpain inhibitor ALLN (N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal). The increase on MG132 treatment is because of de novo protein synthesis coupled with the blocking of CYCD3;1 degradation. Longer MG132 treatment leads to C-terminal cleavage of CYCD3;1, accumulation of a hyperphosphorylated form and its subsequent disappearance. We conclude that CYCD3;1 is a highly unstable protein whose proteolysis is mediated by a proteasome-dependent pathway, and whose levels are highly dependent on the rate of CYCD3;1 protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Planchais
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
In mammalian, insect, and yeast cells, TOR proteins are essential regulators of cell growth in response to environmental signals including nutrients, mitogens, and stresses. Although many aspects of the TOR-dependent signalling pathway are conserved between animals and fungi, important differences have also been found and are likely to be related to the ecophysiological adaptations of these organisms. The TOR protein also exists in plants. This review will first discuss specific aspects of plants concerning the contribution of cell growth to overall growth, as well as their responses to nutrient starvation, with emphasis on recent results obtained through genetic analysis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This is followed by the current status of the genetic analysis of the TOR gene in this plant and the search for potential members of a TOR pathway in the Arabidopsis genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Menand
- CEA Cadarache DSV DEVM, Laboratoire du Métabolisme Carboné, UMR 163 CNRS CEA, Univ-Méditerranée UMR 163, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dan H, Imaseki H, Wasteneys GO, Kazama H. Ethylene stimulates endoreduplication but inhibits cytokinesis in cucumber hypocotyl epidermis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 133:1726-31. [PMID: 14645725 PMCID: PMC300727 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.025783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2003] [Revised: 06/26/2003] [Accepted: 08/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ethylene on cell division are generally considered inhibitory. In this study, we demonstrate that transient ethylene exposure, while suppressing cytokinesis, stimulates DNA synthesis. We monitored DNA synthesis and cytokinesis in the epidermis of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) hypocotyls, an organ whose post-germination development involves strictly limited cell division. During exposure to ethylene, DNA synthesis, assessed by the incorporation of the thymidine homolog 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, was detected in 20% of the epidermal cells, whereas DNA synthesis was nearly undetectable in normal air. Cytofluorometric analysis of nuclei in affected cells showed an up to 8-fold increase in DNA content. During this time, new cell plate formation was not detected. However, shortly after ethylene was removed, DNA content was rapidly restored to 2C (diploid) levels in all cells, and new cell plate formation dramatically increased. These results demonstrate that ethylene promotes DNA synthesis and its endoreduplication but inhibits cytokinesis, thereby maintaining some cells in G2 phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Dan
- Department of Biology, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585 Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Horvath DP, Anderson JV, Chao WS, Foley ME. Knowing when to grow: signals regulating bud dormancy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2003; 8:534-40. [PMID: 14607098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2003.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy regulation in vegetative buds is a complex process necessary for plant survival, development and architecture. Our understanding of and ability to manipulate these processes are crucial for increasing the yield and availability of much of the world's food. In many cases, release of dormancy results in increased cell division and changes in developmental programs. Much can be learned about dormancy regulation by identifying interactions of signals in these crucial processes. Internal signals such as hormones and sugar, and external signals such as light act through specific, overlapping signal transduction pathways to regulate endo-, eco- and paradormancy. Epigenetic-like regulation of endodormancy suggests a possible role for chromatin remodeling similar to that known for the vernalization responses during flowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Horvath
- USDA/ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, PO Box 5674, State University Station, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mercier H, Souza BM, Kraus JE, Hamasaki RM, Sotta B. Endogenous auxin and cytokinin contents associated with shoot formation in leaves of pineapple cultured in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202003000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro culture of pineapple leaves on a shoot induction medium (SIM) results in the formation of protuberances and further development in shoots, and plantlets. The contents of endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) and five cytokinins (Cks), N6(2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP), N6(2-isopentenyl)adenosine (iPR), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR) and N6-benzyladenine (BA), present in the basal portion of those leaves, were correlated to the organogenic response that occurs over 15 days of culture. The endogenous auxin/cytokinins ratio was lowest on the 3rd day, mainly due to a strong increase in the iP level. It seems that endogenous iP concentration triggered the induction signal for an organogenic response in pineapple leaf bases. The rise in iP content required the presence of BA and a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in the medium, suggesting that endogenous iP production is regulated in response to these growth regulator uptakes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhou Y, Li G, Brandizzi F, Fowke LC, Wang H. The plant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor ICK1 has distinct functional domains for in vivo kinase inhibition, protein instability and nuclear localization. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 35:476-489. [PMID: 12904210 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Interactor/inhibitor 1 of Cdc2 kinase (ICK1) from Arabidopsis thaliana is the first plant cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, and overexpression of ICK1 inhibits CDK activity, cell division and plant growth in transgenic plants. In this study, ICK1 and deletion mutants were expressed either alone or as green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Deletion of the C-terminal 15 or 29 amino acids greatly reduced or completely abolished the effects of ICK1 on the transgenic plants, and recombinant proteins lacking the C-terminal residues lost the ability to bind to CDK complex and the kinase inhibition activity, demonstrating the role of the conserved C-terminal domain in in vivo kinase inhibition. In contrast, the mutant ICK1DeltaN108 with the N-terminal 108 residues deleted had much stronger effects on plants than the full-length ICK1. Analyses demonstrated that this effect was not because of an enhanced ability of ICK1DeltaN108 protein to inhibit CDK activity, but a result of a much higher level of ICK1DeltaN108 protein in the plants, indicating that the N-terminal domain contains a sequence or element increasing protein instability in vivo. Furthermore, GFP-ICK1 protein was restricted to the nuclei in roots of transgenic plants, even with the C-terminal or the N-terminal domain deleted, suggesting that a sequence in the central domain of ICK1 is responsible for nuclear localization. These results provide mechanistic understanding about the function and regulation of this cell cycle regulator in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Zhou
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E2
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|