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Tzeng HT, Lee WC. Impact of Transgenerational Nutrition on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development: Interplay between Gut Microbiota, Epigenetics and Immunity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1388. [PMID: 38732634 PMCID: PMC11085251 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent pediatric liver disorder, primarily attributed to dietary shifts in recent years. NAFLD is characterized by the accumulation of lipid species in hepatocytes, leading to liver inflammation that can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Risk factors contributing to NAFLD encompass genetic variations and metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. Moreover, transgenerational influences, resulting in an imbalance of gut microbial composition, epigenetic modifications, and dysregulated hepatic immune responses in offspring, play a pivotal role in pediatric NAFLD development. Maternal nutrition shapes the profile of microbiota-derived metabolites in offspring, exerting significant influence on immune system regulation and the development of metabolic syndrome in offspring. In this review, we summarize recent evidence elucidating the intricate interplay between gut microbiota, epigenetics, and immunity in fetuses exposed to maternal nutrition, and its impact on the onset of NAFLD in offspring. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting this network are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Tzeng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33332, Taiwan
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La Colla A, Cámara CA, Campisano S, Chisari AN. Mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetics underlying the link between early-life nutrition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:281-294. [PMID: 35067233 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Early-life malnutrition plays a critical role in foetal development and predisposes to metabolic diseases later in life, according to the concept of 'developmental programming'. Different types of early nutritional imbalance, including undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiency, have been related to long-term metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that disturbances in nutrition during the period of preconception, pregnancy and primary infancy can affect mitochondrial function and epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, even though multiple mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been described, in the past years, special attention has been given to mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria play a key role in cellular metabolic functions. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to oxidative stress, insulin resistance and inflammation. Epigenetic mechanisms have been related to alterations in genes involved in lipid metabolism, fibrogenesis, inflammation and tumorigenesis. In accordance, studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetics linked to early-life nutrition can be important contributing factors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetics and nutrition during early life, which is relevant to developmental programming of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela La Colla
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Anahí Cámara
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Campisano
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Nancy Chisari
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Kim J, Choi A, Kwon YH. Maternal low-protein diet alters hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression related to glucose metabolism in young adult mouse offspring fed a postweaning high-fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:193-198. [PMID: 37820455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Maternal consumption of low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy has been demonstrated to increase the chances of adult offspring developing metabolic syndrome, and this risk can be exacerbated when the postnatal diets do not align with the prenatal conditions. However, in our previous study, focusing on serum parameters and gene expression patterns within adipose tissue, we discovered the presence of "healthy obesity" in young adult offspring from dams that were fed an LP, as a response to a postweaning high-fat (HF) diet. Here, we subsequently investigated the role played by the liver and skeletal muscle in alleviation of insulin resistance in male offspring that were fed either control (C/C group) or HF diet (C/HF and LP/HF groups) for 22 weeks. While a postweaning HF diet increased liver weight and hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels in offspring of control dams, these levels were lower in the LP/HF group compared to the C/HF group. Analysis of the liver transcriptome identified 430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LP/HF and C/HF comparison. Especially, downregulated DEGs were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and the levels of DEGs were significantly correlated with the levels of markers for serum glucose homeostasis and hepatic lipid accumulation. In the LP/HF group compared to the C/HF group, there was a decrease in the gastrocnemius muscle weight, while no differences were observed in gene expression levels associated with muscle fiber phenotype, mitochondrial function, and inflammation. In conclusion, maternal LP diet induced changes in lipid and glucose metabolism within the liver, similar to what was observed in adipose tissue, while there were no alterations in metabolic functions in the skeletal muscle in young offspring mice fed an HF diet. Further research that investigating the enduring impact of nutritional transition on offspring is essential to gain a comprehensive grasp of developmental programming throughout their entire lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mohammed S, Qadri SSYH, Molangiri A, Basak S, Rajkumar H. Gestational low dietary protein induces intrauterine inflammation and alters the programming of adiposity & insulin sensitivity in the adult offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109330. [PMID: 36967094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition associated with low dietary protein can induce gestational inflammation and sets a long-lasting metabolic impact on the offspring even after replenishment. The work investigated whether a low-protein diet (LPD) during pregnancy and lactation induces intrauterine inflammation and predisposes offspring to adiposity and insulin resistance in their adult life. Female Golden Syrian hamsters were fed LPD (10.0% energy from protein) or a control diet (CD, 20.0 % energy from protein) from preconception until lactation. All pups were switched to CD after lactation and continued until the end. Maternal LPD increased intrauterine inflammation by enhancing neutrophil infiltration, amniotic hsCRP, oxidative stress, and mRNA expression of NFκβ, IL8, COX2, and TGFβ in the chorioamniotic membrane (P<.05). The prepregnancy body weight, placental, and fetal weights, serum AST and ALT were decreased, while blood platelets, lymphocytes, insulin, and HDL were significantly increased in LPD-fed dams (P<.05). A postnatal switch to an adequate protein could not prevent hyperlipidemia in the 6-months LPD/CD offspring. The lipid profile and liver functions were restored over 10 months of protein feeding but failed to normalize fasting glucose and body fat accumulation compared to CD/CD. LPD/CD showed elevated GLUT4 expression & activated pIRS1 in the skeletal muscle and increased expression of IL6, IL1β, and p65-NFκB proteins in the liver (P<.05). In conclusion, present data suggest that maternal protein restriction may induce intrauterine inflammation and affect liver inflammation in the adult offspring by an influx of fats from adipose that may alter lipid metabolism and reduce insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
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Galvan-Martinez DH, Bosquez-Mendoza VM, Ruiz-Noa Y, Ibarra-Reynoso LDR, Barbosa-Sabanero G, Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy ML. Nutritional, pharmacological, and environmental programming of NAFLD in early life. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G99-G114. [PMID: 36472341 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00168.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main liver disease worldwide, and its prevalence in children and adolescents has been increasing in the past years. It has been demonstrated that parental exposure to different conditions, both preconceptionally and during pregnancy, can lead to fetal programming of several metabolic diseases, including NAFLD. In this article, we review some of the maternal and paternal conditions that may be involved in early-life programing of adult NAFLD. First, we describe the maternal nutritional factors that have been suggested to increase the risk of NAFLD in the offspring, such as an obesogenic diet, overweight/obesity, and altered lipogenesis. Second, we review the association of certain vitamin supplementation and the use of some drugs during pregnancy, for instance, glucocorticoids, with a higher risk of NAFLD. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence showing that maternal-fetal pathologies, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), insulin resistance (IR), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), as well as the exposure to environmental contaminants, and the impact of microbiome changes, are important factors in early-life programming of NAFLD. Finally, we review how paternal preconceptional conditions, such as exercise and diet (particularly obesogenic diets), may impact fetal growth and liver function. Altogether, the presented evidence supports the hypothesis that both in utero exposure and parental conditions may influence fetal outcomes, including the development of NAFLD in early life and adulthood. The study of these conditions is crucial to better understand the diverse mechanisms involved in NAFLD, as well as for defining new preventive strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yeniley Ruiz-Noa
- Health Sciences Division, Medical Sciences Department, University of Guanajuato, Campus Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero
- Health Sciences Division, Medical Sciences Department, University of Guanajuato, Campus Leon, Mexico
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High-fat diet consumption by male rat offspring of obese mothers exacerbates adipose tissue hypertrophy and metabolic alterations in adult life. Br J Nutr 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36412162 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obese mothers' offspring develop obesity and metabolic alterations in adulthood. Poor postnatal dietary patterns also contribute to obesity and its comorbidities. We aimed to determine whether in obese mothers' offspring an adverse postnatal environment, such as high-fat diet (HFD) consumption (second hit) exacerbates body fat accumulation, metabolic alterations and adipocyte size distribution. Female Wistar rats ate chow (C-5 %-fat) or HFD (maternal obesity (MO)-25 %-fat) from weaning until the end of lactation. Male offspring were weaned on either control (C/C and MO/C, maternal diet/offspring diet) or HFD (C/HF and MO/HF) diet. At 110 postnatal days, offspring were killed. Fat depots were excised to estimate adiposity index (AI). Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined. Adipocyte size distribution was evaluated in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight was similar in C/C and MO/C but higher in C/HF and MO/HF. AI, leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C but lower than MO/HF. Glucose increased in MO/HF v. MO/C. C/HF and MO/C had higher triglyceride and corticosterone than C/C, but lower corticosterone than MO/HF. DHEA and the DHEA/corticosterone ratio were lower in C/HF and MO/C v. C/C, but higher than MO/HF. Small adipocyte proportion decreased while large adipocyte proportions increased in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C and exacerbated in MO/HF v. C/HF. Postnatal consumption of a HFD by the offspring of obese mothers exacerbates body fat accumulation as well as the decrease of small and the increase of large adipocytes, which leads to larger metabolic abnormalities.
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Bertasso IM, de Moura EG, Pietrobon CB, Cabral SS, Kluck GEG, Atella GC, Manhães AC, Lisboa PC. Low protein diet during lactation programs hepatic metabolism in adult male and female rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109096. [PMID: 35779796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an essential regulator of energy metabolism, and its function can be disrupted by nutritional alterations. Since liver development continues during breastfeeding nutritional challenges during this period predispose patients to diseases throughout life. A maternal protein-restricted (PR) diet during lactation promotes reductions in the body weight, adiposity, and plasma glucose and insulin, leptin resistance and an increase in corticosterone and catecholamines in adult male rat offspring. Here, we investigated hepatic metabolism in the offspring (both sexes) of PR (8% protein diet during lactation) and control (23% protein diet) dams. Both male and female offspring were evaluated at 6 months of age. PR males had no liver steatosis and manifested a reduction in lipids in hepatocytes adjacent to the vasculature. These animals had lower levels of esterified cholesterol in hepatocytes, suggesting higher biliary excretion, unchanged glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and lower contents of the markers of mitochondrial redox balance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and estrogen receptor alpha. PR females showed normal hepatic morphology associated with higher uptake of cholesterol esters, normal glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and lower ER stress parameters without changes in the key markers of the redox balance. Additionally, these animals had lower content of estrogen receptor alpha and higher content of androgen receptor. The maternal PR diet during lactation did not program hepatic lipid accumulation in the adult progeny. However, several repair homeostasis pathways were altered in males and females, possibly compromising maintenance of normal liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iala Milene Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Bruna Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen Silva Cabral
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - George Eduardo Gabriel Kluck
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Quek SXZ, Tan EXX, Ren YP, Muthiah M, Loo EXL, Tham EH, Siah KTH. Factors early in life associated with hepatic steatosis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1235-1247. [PMID: 35978672 PMCID: PMC9258263 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise in prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mirrors the obesity epidemic. NAFLD is insidious but may gradually progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Intervention strategies to ameliorate developmental programming of NAFLD may be more efficacious during critical windows of developmental plasticity.
AIM To review the early developmental factors associated with NAFLD.
METHODS Databases MEDLINE via PubMed, and EMBASE and Reference Citation Analysis were searched and relevant publications up to April 30, 2021 were assessed. Original research studies that included risk factors associated with early development of NAFLD in human subjects were included. These factors include: Maternal factors, intrauterine and prenatal factors, post-natal factors, genetic and ethnic predisposition, childhood and adolescence environmental factors. Studies were excluded if they were review articles or animal studies, case reports or conference abstracts, or if NAFLD was not clearly defined and assessed radiologically.
RESULTS Of 1530 citations identified by electronic search, 420 duplicates were removed. Of the 1110 citations screened from title and abstract, 80 articles were included in the final analysis. Genetic polymorphisms such as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing protein 7 (MBOAT7) were associated with increased risk of NAFLD. Familial factors such as maternal obesogenic environment and parental history of hepatic steatosis was associated with offspring NAFLD. Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding in infancy was associated with a lower risk of developing NAFLD later in life while metabolic dysfunction and/or obesity in adolescence was associated with increased risk of NAFLD. Studies relating to socioeconomic factors and its association with NAFLD reported confounding results.
CONCLUSION Maternal metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy, being exclusively breastfed for a longer time postnatally, diet and physical activity in childhood and adolescence are potential areas of intervention to decrease risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Xin Zi Quek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Eunice Xiang-Xuan Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yi Ping Ren
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Simões-Alves AC, Arcoverde-Mello APFC, Campos JDO, Wanderley AG, Leandro CVG, da Costa-Silva JH, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V. Cardiometabolic Effects of Postnatal High-Fat Diet Consumption in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Protein Restriction In Utero. Front Physiol 2022; 13:829920. [PMID: 35620602 PMCID: PMC9127546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.829920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the high incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases has been replaced by a high prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases. Concomitantly, there have been profound changes in the behavior and eating habits of families around the world, characterizing a “nutritional transition” phenomenon, which refers to a shift in diet in response to modernization, urbanization, or economic development from undernutrition to the excessive consumption of hypercaloric and ultra-processed foods. Protein malnutrition that was a health problem in the first half of the 20th century has now been replaced by high-fat diets, especially diets high in saturated fat, predisposing consumers to overweight and obesity. This panorama points us to the alarming coexistence of both malnutrition and obesity in the same population. In this way, individuals whose mothers were undernourished early in pregnancy and then exposed to postnatal hyperlipidic nutrition have increased risk factors for developing metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Thus, our major aim was to review the cardiometabolic effects resulting from postnatal hyperlipidic diets in protein-restricted subjects, as well as to examine the epigenetic repercussions occasioned by the nutritional transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany Cibelle Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fonseca Cabral Arcoverde-Mello
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de Oliveira Campos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | - Carol Virginia Gois Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - João Henrique da Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira Souza
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira Souza,
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Maternal Protein Restriction and Post-Weaning High-Fat Feeding Alter Plasma Amino Acid Profiles and Hepatic Gene Expression in Mice Offspring. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050753. [PMID: 35267386 PMCID: PMC8909731 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy is closely associated with epigenetic changes in the child, and it affects the development of obesity throughout the child’s life. Here, we investigate the effect of fetal low protein exposure and post-weaning high-fat consumption on plasma amino acid profiles and hepatic gene expression. Mother C57BL/6J mice were fed a 20% (CN) or 9% (LP) casein diet during pregnancy. After birth, the male offspring of both these groups were fed a high-fat diet (HF) from 6 to 32 weeks. At 32 weeks, the final body weight between the two groups remained unchanged, but the LP-HF group showed markedly higher white fat weight and plasma leptin levels. The LP-HF group exhibited a significant increase in the concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, and tyrosine. However, no differences were observed in the lipid content in the liver. According to the hepatic gene expression analysis, the LP-HF group significantly upregulated genes involved in the chromatin modification/organization pathways. Thus, maternal low protein and a post-weaning high-fat environment contributed to severe obesity states and changes in gene expression related to hepatic chromatin modification in offspring. These findings provide novel insights for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases at the early life stage.
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11
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Soares E, Soares AC, Trindade PL, Monteiro EB, Martins FF, Forgie AJ, Inada KOP, de Bem GF, Resende A, Perrone D, Souza-Mello V, Tomás-Barberán F, Willing BP, Monteiro M, Daleprane JB. Jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) powder consumption improves the metabolic profile and regulates gut microbiome composition in high-fat diet-fed mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112314. [PMID: 34634561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of a high-fat diet can cause metabolic syndrome and induces host gut microbial dysbiosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated the effect of polyphenol-rich jaboticaba peel and seed powder (JPSP) on the gut microbial community composition and liver health in a mouse model of NAFLD. Three-month-old C57BL/6 J male mice, received either a control (C, 10% of lipids as energy, n = 16) or high-fat (HF, 50% of lipids as energy, n = 64) diet for nine weeks. The HF mice were randomly subdivided into four groups (n = 16 in each group), three of which (HF-J5, HF-J10, and HF-J15) were supplemented with dietary JPSP for four weeks (5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively). In addition to attenuating weight gain, JPSP consumption improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In a dose-dependent manner, JPSP consumption ameliorated the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes (AMPK, SREBP-1, HGMCoA, and ABCG8). The effects on the microbial community structure were determined in all JPSP-supplemented groups; however, the HF-J10 and HF-J15 diets led to a drastic depletion in the species of numerous bacterial families (Bifidobacteriaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Dehalobacteriaceae, Peptococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Ruminococcaceae) compared to the HF diet, some of which represented a reversal of increases associated with HF. The Lachnospiraceae and Enterobacteriaceae families and the Parabacteroides, Sutterella, Allobaculum, and Akkermansia genera were enriched more in the HF-J10 and HF-J15 groups than in the HF group. In conclusion, JPSP consumption improved obesity-related metabolic profiles and had a strong impact on the microbial community structure, thereby reversing NAFLD and decreasing its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Soares
- Laboratory for studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aruanna C Soares
- Laboratory for studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Leticia Trindade
- Laboratory for studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa B Monteiro
- Laboratory for studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane F Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Forgie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kim O P Inada
- Laboratory for studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graziele F de Bem
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela Resende
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Perrone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT, Bloco A, sala 528 A, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio B Daleprane
- Laboratory for studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Huang Y, Osorio Mendoza J, Li M, Jin Z, Li B, Wu Y, Togo J, Speakman JR. Impact of graded maternal dietary fat content on offspring susceptibility to high-fat diet in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:2055-2067. [PMID: 34813173 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) increases offspring obesity, yet the impacts of different levels of maternal dietary fat have seldom been addressed. In mice, the impact of graded maternal dietary fat on offspring adiposity and offspring's later susceptibility to HFD were assessed. METHODS Lactating mice were fed diets with graded fat content from 8.3% to 66.6%. One male and one female pup from each litter were weaned onto a low-fat diet for 15 weeks. HFD (41.7%) was then introduced to half of the offspring for 12 weeks. RESULTS Offspring body weight and adiposity were positively related to maternal dietary fat content and were higher when mothers were exposed to HFD. The maternal diet effect was nonlinear and sex dependent. A maternal dietary fat of 41.7% and above exaggerated the offspring body weight gain in males but was not significant in females. Maternal 8.3% fat and 25% fat diets led to the highest daily energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio in offspring. Offspring fed a low-fat diet had higher daily energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio than those fed an HFD. CONCLUSIONS Increasing maternal dietary fat during lactation, and HFD in later life, had significant and interacting impacts on offspring obesity. Maternal diet had a bigger impact on male offspring. The effects of maternal dietary fat content were nonlinear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengguang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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13
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Ahmad S, Drag MH, Salleh SM, Cai Z, Nielsen MO. Transcriptomics analysis of differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue of sheep as affected by their pre- and early postnatal malnutrition histories. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:338. [PMID: 33975549 PMCID: PMC8114714 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life malnutrition is known to target adipose tissue with varying impact depending on timing of the insult. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous (SUB) and perirenal (PER) adipose tissue of 2.5-years old sheep to elucidate the biology underlying differential impacts of late gestation versus early postnatal malnutrition on functional development of adipose tissues. Adipose tissues were obtained from 37 adult sheep born as twins to dams fed either NORM (fulfilling energy and protein requirements), LOW (50% of NORM) or HIGH (110% of protein and 150% of energy requirements) diets in the last 6-weeks of gestation. From day 3 to 6 months of age, lambs were fed high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF) or moderate low-fat (CONV) diets, and thereafter the same moderate low-fat diet. RESULTS The gene expression profile of SUB in the adult sheep was not affected by the pre- or early postnatal nutrition history. In PER, 993 and 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LOW versus HIGH and NORM, respectively, but no DEG was found between HIGH and NORM. DEGs identified in the mismatched pre- and postnatal nutrition groups LOW-HCHF (101) and HIGH-HCHF (192) were largely downregulated compared to NORM-CONV. Out of 831 DEGs, 595 and 236 were up- and downregulated in HCHF versus CONV, respectively. The functional enrichment analyses revealed that transmembrane (ion) transport activities, motor activities related to cytoskeletal and spermatozoa function (microtubules and the cytoskeletal motor protein, dynein), and responsiveness to the (micro) environmental extracellular conditions, including endocrine and nervous stimuli were enriched in the DEGs of LOW versus HIGH and NORM. We confirmed that mismatched pre- and postnatal feeding was associated with long-term programming of adipose tissue remodeling and immunity-related pathways. In agreement with phenotypic measurements, early postnatal HCHF feeding targeted pathways involved in kidney cell differentiation, and mismatched LOW-HCHF sheep had specific impairments in cholesterol metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS Both pre- and postnatal malnutrition differentially programmed (patho-) physiological pathways with implications for adipose functional development associated with metabolic dysfunctions, and PER was a major target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Ahmad
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Markus Hodal Drag
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suraya Mohamad Salleh
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zexi Cai
- Centre for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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14
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Kim J, Choi A, Kwon YH. Maternal Protein Restriction Altered Insulin Resistance and Inflammation-Associated Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Young Adult Mouse Offspring in Response to a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041103. [PMID: 32316103 PMCID: PMC7230574 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and inflammation in adulthood offspring. Here, we investigated whether maternal protein restriction could alter the risk of metabolic syndrome in postweaning high-fat (HF)-diet-challenged offspring, with focus on epididymal adipose tissue gene expression profile. Female ICR mice were fed a control (C) or a low-protein (LP) diet for two weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation, and their male offspring were fed an HF diet for 22 weeks (C/HF and LP/HF groups). A subset of offspring of control dams was fed a low-fat control diet (C/C group). In response to postweaning HF diet, serum insulin level and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were increased in control offspring. Maternal LP diet decreased HOMA-IR and adipose tissue inflammation, and increased serum adiponectin level in the HF-diet-challenged offspring. Accordingly, functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in cytokine production were downregulated in the LP/HF group compared to the C/HF group. We also observed the several annotated gene ontology terms associated with innate immunity and phagocytosis in down-regulated DEGs between LP/HF and C/C groups. In conclusion, maternal protein restriction alleviated insulin resistance and inflammation in young offspring mice fed a HF diet but may impair development of immune system in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Alee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (A.C.)
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-6833
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15
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Prevalence of NAFLD in Guatemala following exposure to a protein-energy nutrition intervention in early life. Ann Hepatol 2020; 19:373-379. [PMID: 32507551 PMCID: PMC8314427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is approximately 25%, with Hispanic populations at greatest risk. We describe the prevalence of NAFLD in a cohort of Guatemalan adults and examine whether exposure to a protein-energy supplement from conception to two years is associated with lower prevalence of NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 1969 to 1977, four villages in Guatemala were cluster-randomized to receive a protein-energy supplement (Atole) or a no-protein, low-energy beverage (Fresco). We conducted a follow-up of participants from 2015 to 2017. We assessed blood samples (n=1093; 61.1% women; aged 37-53 years) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and estimated NAFLD prevalence using the liver fat score. We used generalized linear and logistic models to estimate the difference-in-difference effect of Atole from conception to two years on NAFLD. RESULTS Median ALT and AST were 19.7U/L (interquartile range, IQR: 14.1, 27.4) and 26.0U/L (IQR: 21.4, 32.8), respectively. The median NAFLD liver fat score was 0.2 (IQR: -1.2, 1.6) in women and -1.2 (IQR: -2.2, 0.5) in men (p<0.0001). The prevalence of NAFLD was 67.4% among women and 39.5% among men (p<0.0001). The association between Atole exposure from conception to two years and NAFLD was not significant (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.50-1.63). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD prevalence among Guatemalan adults exceeds the global average. Protein-energy supplementation in early life was not associated with later NAFLD. There is a need for further studies on the causes and onset of NAFLD throughout the life course.
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Chen HC, Chen YZ, Wang CH, Lin FJ. The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-like phenotype and lowered serum VLDL are associated with decreased expression and DNA hypermethylation of hepatic ApoB in male offspring of ApoE deficient mothers fed a with Western diet. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 77:108319. [PMID: 31926452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the intra-uterine environment has consequences for later life. However, the mechanisms of this fetal programming remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of diet-induced maternal hypercholesterolemia on the predisposition of offspring to nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and metabolic diseases and its underlying mechanisms. Female apolipoprotein (Apo) E-deficient mice were fed a control diet (CD) or high fat/high cholesterol Western-type diet (WD) before and throughout pregnancy and lactation, and their offspring were weaned onto a CD postnatally. Strikingly, male offspring of WD-fed dams developed glucose intolerance and decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity and exhibited hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis could be attributed, at least in part, to increased hepatic lipogenesis in E18.5 embryos and decreased serum VLDL levels in adulthood. In addition, males born to WD-fed dams had lower serum ApoB levels and hepatic ApoB gene expression compared with males born to CD-fed dams. DNA methylation analysis revealed increased methylation of CpG dinucleotides on the promoter region of the ApoB genes in the livers of male offspring of WD-fed dams. Our findings suggest that maternal WD intake can exacerbate the development of NAFLD in male offspring potentially by affecting ApoB gene expression through epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhen Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hong Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Barbosa SDS, Mello APDFAC, Nogueira VDO, da Silva IF, de Melo PED, dos Santos CR, Costa‐Silva JHD, Araújo AV. Consumption of a high‐fat diet does not potentiate the deleterious effects on lipid and protein levels and body development in rats subjected to maternal protein restriction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:412-421. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sávio dos Santos Barbosa
- Nucleus of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | | | - Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira
- Nucleus of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | - Ially Fabiane da Silva
- Nucleus of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Renato dos Santos
- Nucleus of Public Health Centro Acadêmico de Vitória Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | - João Henrique da Costa‐Silva
- Nucleus of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | - Alice Valença Araújo
- Nucleus of Public Health Centro Acadêmico de Vitória Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
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Lecoutre S, Montel V, Vallez E, Pourpe C, Delmont A, Eury E, Verbanck M, Dickes-Coopman A, Daubersies P, Lesage J, Laborie C, Tailleux A, Staels B, Froguel P, Breton C, Vieau D. Transcription profiling in the liver of undernourished male rat offspring reveals altered lipid metabolism pathways and predisposition to hepatic steatosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1094-E1107. [PMID: 31638854 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00291.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and animal studies have reported an association between low birth weight and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring. Using a model of prenatal maternal 70% food restriction diet (FR30) in the rat, we previously showed that maternal undernutrition predisposes offspring to altered lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, especially on a high-fat (HF) diet. Here, using microarray-based expression profiling combined with metabolic, endocrine, biochemical, histological, and lipidomic approaches, we assessed whether FR30 procedure sensitizes adult male offspring to impaired lipid metabolism in the liver. No obvious differences were noted in the concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and bile acids in the liver of 4-mo-old FR30 rats whichever postweaning diet was used. However, several clues suggest that offspring's lipid metabolism and steatosis are modified by maternal undernutrition. First, lipid composition was changed (i.e., higher total saturated fatty acids and lower elaidic acid) in the liver, whereas larger triglyceride droplets were observed in hepatocytes of undernourished rats. Second, FR30 offspring exhibited long-term impact on hepatic gene expression and lipid metabolism pathways on a chow diet. Although the transcriptome profile was globally modified by maternal undernutrition, cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis pathways appear to be key targets, indicating that FR30 animals were predisposed to impaired hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Third, the FR30 protocol markedly modifies hepatic gene transcription profiles in undernourished offspring in response to postweaning HF. Overall, FR30 offspring may exhibit impaired metabolic flexibility, which does not enable them to properly cope with postweaning nutritional challenges influencing the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Université Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Montel
- Université Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Charlène Pourpe
- Université Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Lille, France
| | | | - Elodie Eury
- Université Lille, UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Marie Verbanck
- Université Lille, UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Anne Dickes-Coopman
- Université Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Lille, France
| | | | - Jean Lesage
- Université Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Lille, France
| | - Christine Laborie
- Université Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Université Lille, UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Université Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Université Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Lille, France
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Won SB, Kwon YH. Maternal Consumption of Low-Isoflavone Soy Protein Isolate Confers the Increased Predisposition to Alcoholic Liver Injury in Adult Rat Offspring. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 29534433 PMCID: PMC5872750 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of female rats fed either a casein (CAS) diet or a low-isoflavone soy protein isolate (SPI) diet were compared in an animal model of chronic ethanol consumption to investigate whether maternal diet regulates the adaptive responses of offspring to postnatal ethanol exposure and potentially affects the development of liver disease in later life. Female rats were fed either a CAS or an SPI diet before mating, and during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring from the same litter were pair-fed either a control or ethanol diet for six weeks (CAS/CON, CAS/EtOH, SPI/CON, and SPI/EtOH groups). Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic inflammatory indicators were higher in the SPI/EtOH group than in the CAS/EtOH group. Ethanol consumption increased serum homocysteine levels, hepatic S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio, and hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress only in offspring of SPI-fed female rats. Total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in HDL cholesterol assembly were reduced in the SPI group in response to ethanol consumption. In conclusion, offspring of SPI-fed female rats were more susceptible to the later development of alcoholic liver disease than offspring of CAS-fed female rats. Furthermore, maternal SPI consumption altered one-carbon metabolism and cholesterol metabolism of offspring fed an ethanol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Bom Won
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Itoh H, Kanayama N. Developmental Origins of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1012:29-39. [PMID: 29956192 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5526-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence is currently increasing not only in developed obese countries but also in developing countries. Recent findings from human cohorts and animal studies suggest that a nutritional imbalance in the early critical period is causatively associated with the incidence of NAFLD in later life. Based on the current theory of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), undernourishment and overnourishment in utero are both hypothesized to prime the predisposition for hepatic fat storage. Current knowledge on the developmental origins of NAFLD is introduced in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
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21
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Hitting a triple in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease field: sucrose intake in adulthood increases fat content in the female but not in the male rat offspring of dams fed a gestational low-protein diet. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 9:151-159. [PMID: 29249214 DOI: 10.1017/s204017441700099x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The excessive consumption of carbohydrates is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in infants and adults. The effect of combining maternal malnutrition and a high carbohydrate intake on the development of NAFLD in adulthood remains unknown. We therefore hypothesized that consumption of 5% sucrose by the offspring of dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy promotes liver fat accumulation and oxidative damage differently in females and males. To test this, 12-month-old female and male offspring of mothers fed a Control (C) or low-protein diet (Restricted, R) were provided with either tap water or 5% sucrose for a period of 10 weeks. Livers were excised to measure the fat content and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NTyr) immunostaining; serum samples were also obtained to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Data were analyzed using a non-repeated measures three-way analysis of variance to determine significant differences (P<0.05) regarding to the interaction among maternal diet, sucrose consumption and sex. Results showed that the liver fat content of females from R mothers was higher than that of their male counterpart. Hepatic 3-NTyr immunostaining and serum MDA concentrations were not affected by the interaction involving maternal diet, sucrose consumption and sex. Otherwise, liver fat content was correlated with the hepatic 3-NTyr immunostaining and serum MDA concentrations only in females. Thus, sucrose intake in adulthood increases fat content in the female but not in the male rat offspring of dams fed with a low-protein diet during pregnancy. This research emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet during pregnancy and the influence of the diet on the adult offspring.
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22
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Myrie SB, McKnight LL, King JC, McGuire JJ, Van Vliet BN, Cheema SK, Bertolo RF. Intrauterine growth-restricted Yucatan miniature pigs experience early catch-up growth, leading to greater adiposity and impaired lipid metabolism as young adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1322-1329. [PMID: 28813611 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Early nutrition has critical influences on cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood. The study objectives were to evaluate the impact of low birth weight on fasting and postprandial lipid metabolism and endothelium function in Yucatan miniature pigs. Intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglets (n = 6; 3 days old, 0.73 ± 0.04 kg) were paired with normal-weight (NW) same-sex littermates (n = 6; 1.11 ± 0.05 kg) and fed milk replacer ad libitum for 4 weeks. Thereafter, all pigs were fed a standard diet ad libitum for 5 h/day with growth, intakes, and blood samples collected for 8 months. At 9 months old, pigs were surgically fitted with venous catheters and an oral fat tolerance test was performed. At 10 months old, pigs were killed and endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilations of isolated coronary arteries were measured using wire-myographs. IUGR pigs demonstrated catch-up growth (P < 0.05) in body weight and abdominal circumference prior to sexual maturity (<7 months old) and had more (P < 0.05) subcutaneous fat at 10 months old compared with NW pigs. IUGR pigs had consistently higher fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations from 5 to 10 months old and higher liver triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations at 10 months old (P < 0.05). The fat tolerance test revealed delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance in IUGR pigs, but no differences in plaque formation or vascular reactivity. To conclude, IUGR and early postnatal catch-up growth are associated with increased overall body fat deposition and altered triglyceride metabolism in adult Yucatan miniature swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semone B Myrie
- a Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Leslie L McKnight
- a Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - J Christopher King
- b Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - John J McGuire
- b Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Bruce N Van Vliet
- b Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Sukhinder K Cheema
- a Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Robert F Bertolo
- a Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and can be considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD represents a spectrum of disease, from the relatively benign simple steatosis to the more serious non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver failure, necessitating liver transplantation. Although the increasing prevalence of NAFLD in developed countries has substantial implications for public health, many of the precise mechanisms accounting for the development and progression of NAFLD are unclear. The environment in early life is an important determinant of cardiovascular disease risk in later life and studies suggest this also extends to NAFLD. Here we review data from animal models and human studies which suggest that fetal and early life exposure to maternal under- and overnutrition, excess glucocorticoids and environmental pollutants may confer an increased susceptibility to NAFLD development and progression in offspring and that such effects may be sex-specific. We also consider studies aimed at identifying potential dietary and pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing this risk. We suggest that further human epidemiological studies are needed to ensure that data from animal models are relevant to human health.
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Tai IH, Sheen JM, Lin YJ, Yu HR, Tiao MM, Chen CC, Huang LT, Tain YL. Maternal N-acetylcysteine therapy regulates hydrogen sulfide-generating pathway and prevents programmed hypertension in male offspring exposed to prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal high-fat diet. Nitric Oxide 2015; 53:6-12. [PMID: 26743493 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathways are involved in the development of hypertension, a condition that can originate from early life. We examined whether asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor)/NO and H2S generating pathway contributed to programmed hypertension in offspring exposed to prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) and postnatal high-fat (HF) and whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) therapy prevented this process. We examined 16-week-old male rat offspring from five groups: control, DEX (0.1 mg/kg i.p. from gestational day 16-22), HF (58% high-fat diet from weaning to 4 months of age), DEX+HF, and NAC (1% in drinking water during lactation). Prenatal DEX and postnatal HF diet synergistically induced programmed hypertension in adult offspring, which was prevented by maternal NAC therapy. We attributed the protective effects of NAC on two-hit induced programmed hypertension to the reduction of plasma ADMA, restoration of plasma l-arginine-to-ADMA ratio, upregulation of gene expression of H2S-generating enzymes, restoration of renal 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (3MST) protein levels and activity, induction of plasma glutathione level, and reduction of oxidative stress. Manipulation of the ADMA-NO and H2S-generating pathways by maternal NAC therapy may be a potential approach to prevent programmed hypertension induced by two-hit insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsin Tai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Developmental Programming of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Effect of Early Life Nutrition on Susceptibility and Disease Severity in Later Life. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:437107. [PMID: 26090409 PMCID: PMC4450221 DOI: 10.1155/2015/437107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is fast becoming the most common liver disease globally and parallels rising obesity rates. The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis have linked alterations in the early life environment to an increased risk of metabolic disorders in later life. Altered early life nutrition, in addition to increasing risk for the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in offspring, is now associated with an increased risk for the development of NAFLD. This review summarizes emerging research on the developmental programming of NAFLD by both maternal obesity and undernutrition with a particular focus on the possible mechanisms underlying the development of hepatic dysfunction and potential strategies for intervention.
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Barbosa-da-Silva S, Souza-Mello V, Magliano DC, Marinho TDS, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Singular effects of PPAR agonists on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of diet-induced obese mice. Life Sci 2015; 127:73-81. [PMID: 25748419 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists on glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese mice. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice received a standard chow diet (SC, 10% energy as lipids) or high-fat diet (HF, 50% energy as lipids) for 10 weeks, after which treatment was initiated, forming the groups: SC group, HF group, HF-BZ group (HF + bezafibrate, pan-PPAR agonist), HF-WY group (HF + WY-14643, PPARalpha agonist) and HF-GW group (HF + GW1929, PPARgamma agonist). Treatments lasted for four weeks. Insulin resistance and liver remodeling were evaluated by biochemical and molecular approaches. KEY FINDINGS The HF and HF-GW mice were overweight. Conversely, the HF-BZ and HF-WY mice presented with body masses equal to those of the SC mice. All treatments restored insulin sensitivity and blood lipid and adiponectin levels. Hepatic steatosis was prevented in the HF-WY and HF-BZ mice as shown by the elevated mRNA levels of PPARalpha and Carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1a in both groups, which favored enhanced beta-oxidation. Marked decreases in liver triacylglycerol levels confirmed these findings. In contrast, the HF-GW mice exhibited increased PPARgamma and fatty acid translocase/CD136 mRNA levels, contributing to enhanced hepatic lipogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE The WY14643 and bezafibrate treatments most effectively improved the adverse metabolic and hepatic effects caused by obesity and IR. The results reinforce the central role of PPARalpha, as well as its contrary relationship to PPARgamma in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and lipolytic pathways in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thatiany de Souza Marinho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Postnatal overfeeding promotes early onset and exaggeration of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through disordered hepatic lipid metabolism in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1108-1116. [PMID: 25154569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to overnutrition in critical or sensitive developmental periods may increase the risk of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome in adults. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, but the relationship among postnatal nutrition, lipid metabolism, and NAFLD progression during development remains poorly understood. Here we investigated in a rat model whether postnatal overfeeding increases susceptibility to NAFLD in response to a high-fat diet. Litters from Sprague-Dawley dams were culled to three (small litters) or ten (normal litters) pups and then weaned onto a standard or high-fat diet at postnatal day 21 to generate normal-litter, small-litter, normal-litter/high-fat, and small-litter/high-fat groups. At age 16 weeks, the small-litter and both high-fat groups showed obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Hepatic disorders appeared earlier in the small-litter/high-fat rats with greater liver mass gain and higher hepatic triglycerides and steatosis score versus normal-litter/high-fat rats. Hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and mRNA expression were increased in small-litter rats and aggravated in small-litter/high-fat rats but not in normal-litter/high-fat rats. The high expression in small-litter/high-fat rats coincided with high sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c mRNA and protein expression. However, mRNA expression of enzymes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) and output (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein) was decreased under a high-fat diet regardless of litter size. In conclusion, overfeeding related to small-litter rearing during lactation contributes to the NAFLD phenotype when combined with a high-fat diet, possibly through up-regulated hepatic lipogenesis.
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Furriel A, Campos-Silva P, Silva PCGP, Costa WS, Sampaio FJB, Gregório BM. Diets rich in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids induce morphological alterations in the rat ventral prostate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102876. [PMID: 25029463 PMCID: PMC4100933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of dietary lipid quality on the body mass, carbohydrate metabolism and morphology of the rat ventral prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups: SC (standard chow), HF-S (high-fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids), HF-P (high-fat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids) and HF-SP (high-fat diet rich in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids). We analyzed body mass, fat mass deposits, plasma blood, insulin resistance and the ventral prostate structure. RESULTS Groups that received high-fat diets were heavier and presented larger fat deposits than SC group. The HF-S and HF-SP groups had higher glucose, insulin and total cholesterol serum levels and insulin resistance compared with the SC. The acinar area, epithelium height and area density of the lumen were higher in the HF-SP than in the other groups. The epithelium area density and epithelial cell proliferation were greater in the HF-P and HF-SP than in the SC group. All of the groups that received high-fat diets had greater area density of the stroma, area density of smooth muscle cells and stromal cell proliferation compared with the SC group. CONCLUSION Diets rich in saturated and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids induced overweight. Independently of insulin resistance, polyunsaturated fatty acids increased prostate stromal and epithelial cell proliferation. Saturated fatty acids influenced only stromal cellular proliferation. These structural and morphometric alterations may be considered risk factors for the development of adverse remodeling process in the rat ventral prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Furriel
- Department of Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pamella Campos-Silva
- Department of Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Waldemar Silva Costa
- Department of Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Martins Gregório
- Department of Anatomy, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Urogenital Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kruse M, Seki Y, Vuguin PM, Du XQ, Fiallo A, Glenn AS, Singer S, Breuhahn K, Katz EB, Charron MJ. High-fat intake during pregnancy and lactation exacerbates high-fat diet-induced complications in male offspring in mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3565-76. [PMID: 23861375 PMCID: PMC3776861 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered fetal environments, such as a high-fat milieu, induce metabolic abnormalities in offspring. Different postnatal environments reveal the predisposition for adult diseases that occur during the fetal period. This study investigates the ability of a maternal high-fat diet (HFD) to program metabolic responses to HFD reexposure in offspring after consuming normal chow for 23 weeks after weaning. Wild-type CD1 females were fed a HFD (H) or control (C) chow during pregnancy and lactation. At 26 weeks of age, offspring were either reexposed (H-C-H) or newly exposed (C-C-H) to the HFD for 19 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly, and glucose and insulin tolerance were measured after 10 and 18 weeks on the HFD. The metabolic profile of offspring on a HFD or C diet during pregnancy and lactation and weaned onto a low-fat diet was similar at 26 weeks. H-C-H offspring gained more weight and developed larger adipocytes after being reintroduced to the HFD later in life than C-C-H. H-C-H mice were glucose and insulin intolerant and showed reduced gene expression of cox6a2 and atp5i in muscle, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. In adipocytes, the expression of slc2a4, srebf1, and adipoq genes was decreased in H-C-H mice compared with C-C-C, indicating insulin resistance. H-C-H showed extensive hepatosteatosis, accompanied by increased gene expression for cd36 and serpin1, compared with C-C-H. Perinatal exposure to a HFD programs a more deleterious response to a HFD challenge later in life even after an interval of normal diet in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, New York, The Bronx, New York 10461.
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Zhang ZY, Dai YB, Wang HN, Wang MW. Supplementation of the maternal diet during pregnancy with chocolate and fructose interacts with the high-fat diet of the young to facilitate the onset of metabolic disorders in rat offspring. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:652-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Zhang
- The National Center for Drug Screening; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai China
| | - Yun-Bin Dai
- Chinese National Compound Library; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Hao-Nan Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai China
- Chinese National Compound Library; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
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Magliano DC, Bargut TCL, de Carvalho SN, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha and gamma are targets to treat offspring from maternal diet-induced obesity in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64258. [PMID: 23700465 PMCID: PMC3658968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARgamma by Bezafibrate (BZ) could attenuate hepatic and white adipose tissue (WAT) abnormalities in male offspring from diet-induced obese dams. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 female mice were fed a standard chow (SC; 10% lipids) diet or a high-fat (HF; 49% lipids) diet for 8 weeks before mating and during gestation and lactation periods. Male offspring received SC diet at weaning and were subdivided into four groups: SC, SC/BZ, HF and HF/BZ. Treatment with BZ (100 mg/Kg diet) started at 12 weeks of age and was maintained for three weeks. RESULTS The HF diet resulted in an overweight phenotype and an increase in oral glucose intolerance and fasting glucose of dams. The HF offspring showed increased body mass, higher levels of plasmatic and hepatic triglycerides, higher levels of pro-inflammatory and lower levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines, impairment of glucose metabolism, abnormal fat pad mass distribution, higher number of larger adipocytes, hepatic steatosis, higher expression of lipogenic proteins concomitant to decreased expression of PPARalpha and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) in liver, and diminished expression of PPARgamma and adiponectin in WAT. Treatment with BZ ameliorated the hepatic and WAT abnormalities generated by diet-induced maternal obesity, with improvements observed in the structural, biochemical and molecular characteristics of the animals' livers and epididymal fat. CONCLUSION Diet-induced maternal obesity lead to alterations in metabolism, hepatic lipotoxicity and adverse liver and WAT remodeling in the offspring. Targeting PPAR with Bezafibrate has beneficial effects reducing the alterations, mainly through reduction of WAT inflammatory state through PPARgamma activation and enhanced hepatic beta-oxidation due to increased PPARalpha/PPARgamma ratio in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Nunes de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Effect of maternal low protein diet during pregnancy on the fetal liver of rats. Ann Anat 2013; 195:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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van Straten EME, Bloks VW, van Dijk TH, Baller JFW, Huijkman NCA, Kuipers I, Verkade HJ, Plösch T. Sex-dependent programming of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in mouse offspring by maternal protein restriction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:166-179.e13. [PMID: 22361840 DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional conditions during fetal life influence the risk of the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in adult life (metabolic programming). Impaired glucose tolerance and dysregulated fatty acid metabolism are hallmarks of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish a mouse model of metabolic programming focusing on the sex-specific effects of a maternal low-protein diet during gestation on glucose and lipid metabolism in the adult offspring. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received a control or a low-protein diet (18% vs 9% casein) throughout gestation. Male and female offspring received a low-fat or a high-fat diet from 6 to 22 weeks of age. RESULTS Maternal low-protein diet during gestation led to deteriorated insulin sensitivity on high-fat feeding in female offspring, as determined by biochemical and microarray analyses. Female offspring of control diet-fed dams were relatively resistant to high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. In contrast, maternal low-protein diet did not specifically affect the metabolic parameters addressed in male offspring. In males, the high-fat diet led to insulin insensitivity regardless of the diet of the dam. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that fetal malnutrition has a limited impact on male mouse offspring, yet it does influence the metabolic response to a high-fat diet in females. These findings may have implications for future early diagnostics in metabolic syndrome and for the development of sex-specific treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M E van Straten
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Marcos R, Monteiro RAF, Rocha E. The use of design-based stereology to evaluate volumes and numbers in the liver: a review with practical guidelines. J Anat 2012; 220:303-17. [PMID: 22296163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereology offers a number of tools for the analysis of sections in microscopy (which usually provide only two-dimensional information) for the purpose of estimating geometric quantities, such as volume, surface area, length or number of particles (cells or other structures). The use of these tools enables recovery of the three-dimensional information that is inherent in biological tissues. This review uses the liver as a paradigm for summarizing the most commonly used state-of-the-art methods for quantitation in design-based stereology. Because it is often relevant to distinguish hyperplasia and hypertrophy in liver responses, we also focus on potential pitfalls in the sampling and processing of liver specimens for stereological purposes, and assess the existing methods for volume and number estimation. With respect to volume, we considered whole liver volume (V), volume density (V(V)) and so-called local volumes, including the number-weighted volume (V(N)) and the volume-weighted volume (V(V)). For number, we considered the total number (N) and the numerical density (N(V)). If correctly applied, current stereological methods guarantee that no bias is introduced in the estimates, which will be therefore accurate; additionally, methods can be tuned for obtaining precise quantitative estimates that can reveal subtle changes in the volume or number of selected hepatic cells. These methods have already detailed the effects of some substances and specific diets on the liver, and should be routinely included in the toolbox of liver research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcos
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
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35
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Chmurzynska A, Malinowska AM. Homocysteine homeostasis in the rat is maintained by compensatory changes in cystathionine β-synthase, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene transcription occurring in response to maternal protein and folic acid intake during pregnancy and fat intake after weaning. Nutr Res 2012; 31:572-8. [PMID: 21840474 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the methionine/homocysteine pathway are mediated by several enzymes, including phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, cystathionine β-synthase, and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. Homocysteine homeostasis is regulated by these enzymes. We hypothesized here that the protein and folic acid content in the maternal diet affects methionine/homocysteine metabolism in the progeny. To test this hypothesis, pregnant rats were fed a diet with normal protein and normal folic acid levels (a modified casein-based AIN-93G diet), a protein-restricted and normal folic acid diet, a protein-restricted and folic acid-supplemented diet, or a normal protein and folic acid-supplemented diet. The progeny were fed either the modified AIN-93G diet or a high-fat lard-based diet. Progeny were analyzed for expression of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, cystathionine β-synthase, and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase genes in the liver and for serum homocysteine concentration. Interactions between prenatal and postnatal nutrition were also determined. The progeny of the dams fed the diets supplemented with folic acid showed decreased expression of all 3 genes (P < .001). An interaction effect between the protein and folic acid content in the maternal diet contributed to this down-regulation (P < .001), and the postweaning diet modified these effects. Serum homocysteine concentrations were approximately 15% higher in the male rats (P < .01), but neither prenatal nutrition nor the postweaning diet affected it significantly. We conclude that maternal diet during gestation has an important effect on the transcription level of these 3 genes, but changes in gene expression were not associated with significant changes in progeny homocysteine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Chmurzynska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznań University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań.
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36
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Bringhenti I, Schultz A, Rachid T, Bomfim MA, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. An early fish oil-enriched diet reverses biochemical, liver and adipose tissue alterations in male offspring from maternal protein restriction in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:1009-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A critical analysis of three quantitative methods of assessment of hepatic steatosis in liver biopsies. Virchows Arch 2011; 459:477-85. [PMID: 21901430 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The issue of adequately quantitatively evaluating hepatic steatosis is still unresolved. Therefore, we compared three methods of quantitative assessment. Two groups of mice (n = 10 each) were fed standard chow (10% fat, SC group) or a high-fat diet (60% fat, HF group) for 16 weeks, and hepatic triglyceride (HT) and liver tissue were then studied. Paraplast-embedded tissues stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) were compared to frozen sections stained by Oil Red-O (ORO). In addition, the volume density of steatosis (Vv[steatosis, liver]) was measured by point counting (P-C, sections H-E or ORO) or by image analysis (I-A, sections ORO). HT was significantly higher in the HF group (104% greater, P = 0.0004) than in the SC group. With P-C and H-E, Vv[steatosis, liver] was 4.80 ± 0.90% in the SC group and 33.50 ± 3.17% in the HF group (600% greater, P < 0.0001). With P-C and ORO, Vv[steatosis, liver] was 4.86 ± 0.89% in the SC group and 25.21 ± 1.27% in the HF group (420% greater, P < 0.0001). With I-A and ORO, Vv[steatosis, liver] was 4.17 ± 0.85% in the SC group and 23.35 ± 1.58% in the HF group (460% greater, P < 0.0001). Correlations between Vv[steatosis, liver] and HT were strong and significant in all methods. In conclusion, all methods were appropriate and reproducible. In P-C and H-E, there is a slight overestimation of steatosis in the HF animals in comparison to frozen sections and ORO; in frozen sections, differences between P-C and I-A are insignificant.
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Corrêa CL, Lisboa PC, Oliveira ED, Moura EGD, Oliveira RMFD, Gomes AC, Machado-Silva JR. The outcome of acute schistosomiasis infection in adult mice with postnatal exposure to maternal malnutrition. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106:584-93. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Developmental origins of health and disease: experimental and human evidence of fetal programming for metabolic syndrome. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:405-19. [PMID: 21697895 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The concept of developmental origins of health and disease has been defined as the process through which the environment encountered before birth, or in infancy, shapes the long-term control of tissue physiology and homeostasis. The evidence for programming derives from a large number of experimental and epidemiological observations. Several nutritional interventions during diverse phases of pregnancy and lactation in rodents are associated with fetal and neonatal programming for metabolic syndrome. In this paper, recent experimental models and human epidemiological studies providing evidence for the fetal programming associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and related diseases are revisited.
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Mitra A, Crump EM, Alvers KM, Robertson KL, Rowland NE. Effect of high-fat diet on stress responsiveness in borderline hypertensive rats. Stress 2011; 14:42-52. [PMID: 20666663 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2010.494746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress in combination with genetic susceptibility is a factor in the development of hypertension. We used borderline hypertensive rats to investigate whether exposure to high-fat and/or junk-food diet at different stages of ontogeny has programing consequences on stress responses. Wistar dams were fed a high- or low-fat diet for 6 weeks prior to mating with spontaneously hypertensive males, and during gestation. At birth, litters were fostered either to a dam in the same or an alternative diet condition as during gestation. After weaning, male offspring were fed either a control-chow diet or an intermittent junk food fatty diet. Between postnatal days 57-61, half of the rats in each dietary group received daily social defeat sessions using a resident-intruder protocol, and the other half were unstressed controls. Blood pressure was measured indirectly both before and after each defeat session. On the final day, rats were killed for physiological measures. Socially defeated rats showed large increases in serum corticosterone concentration and adrenal hypertrophy, indicating the effectiveness of this non-adapting stressor. Serum corticosterone level was also higher in rats fed with the junk-food diet post-weaning compared with those fed with chow only, but there were no significant effects of gestational or lactational dietary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitra
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2250, USA.
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Gregorio BM, Souza-Mello V, Carvalho JJ, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Maternal high-fat intake predisposes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6 offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203:495.e1-8. [PMID: 20822767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to verify the hypothesis that maternal intake of high-fat diet in critical periods of pregnancy and/or suckling period predisposes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adult C57BL/6 mice offspring. STUDY DESIGN Male pups were divided into 5 groups: (1) SC, from standard chow-fed dams; (2) G, from high-fat chow (HF)-fed dams during the gestation (G) period; (3) L, from HF-fed dams during the lactation (L) period; (4) GL, from HF-fed dams during the gestation and lactation (GL) periods; and (5) GL/HF, from HF-fed dams during GL, maintaining an HF diet from postweaning to adulthood. We analyzed body mass, plasma blood, and liver structure. RESULTS The G offspring showed insulin resistance and lower glucose transporter-2 expression. Hepatic steatosis was present in the G, L, GL, and mainly in GL/HF offspring. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression was higher in G, GL, and GL/HF offspring. CONCLUSION Programming by HF chow predisposes hepatic adverse remodeling in the liver of adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Gregorio
- Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Morphometry and Cardiovascular Morphology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Feeding mink (Neovison vison) a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy induces higher birth weight and altered hepatic gene expression in the F(2) offspring. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:544-53. [PMID: 20334712 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition during foetal life can induce modifications in the phenotype of an individual. The present study aimed to observe effects of low foetal life protein provision on modifications of the phenotype and changes in the progeny of 1-year-old female mink (F(1) generation) offspring of mothers fed a low-protein diet. Traits studied included reproductive performance, energy and protein metabolism, and key hepatic enzymes associated with glucose homeostasis and metabolic hormones. The F(0) generation offspring were fed either a low-protein (14 % of metabolisable energy (ME) from protein - FLP1) or an adequate-protein (29 % of ME from protein - FAP1) diet for the last 17.9 (sd 3.6) d of gestation. The F(1) dams were studied at birth and at 1 year of age, during their first reproductive cycle, after maintenance on an adequate diet from birth and thereafter. Metabolic traits during gestation and lactation were largely unaffected by foetal life protein provision, but birth weight in the F(2) generation was higher (P = 0.003) among FLP2 kits than among FAP2 kits. Furthermore, the relative abundance of pyruvate kinase mRNA was significantly (P = 0.007) lower, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase mRNA tended (P = 0.08) to be lower in FLP2 foetuses than in FAP2 foetuses, showing some similar difference in the F(2) generation and F(1) generation foetuses, suggesting an effect on some hepatic enzymes affecting glucose homeostasis being transmitted from the F(1) to the F(2) generation. These findings indicate that even though energy and nitrogen metabolism displayed no effect of protein provision during early life, programming effects still appeared at the molecular level in the following generation.
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Nascimento FAM, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Fernandes-Santos C, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Adipose tissue, liver and pancreas structural alterations in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat-high-sucrose diet supplemented with fish oil (n-3 fatty acid rich oil). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 62:17-25. [PMID: 19186042 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil treatment was used in reversing the morphological and metabolic changes of C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat-high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Two-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed HFHS chow or standard chow (SC). At 3 months of age, HFHS mice were separated into an untreated group (HFHS) and a group treated with fish oil (HFHS-Fo, 1.5g/kg/day). At 4 months of age, HFHS fed mice had an increase in body mass (BM) and total body fat, when the animals were sacrificed. Both parameters were lower in HFHS-Fo than in HFHS mice. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were not affected among the groups, but HFHS and HFHS-Fo animals had higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance HOMA-IR ratio. HFHS and HFHS-FO mice had increased plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C, HFHS-Fo increased plasma HDL-C and decreased triglycerides levels. The liver mass (LM) and the adipocytes' size were larger in HFHS mice, while HFHS-Fo mice had a lower LM and smaller adipocytes. The liver steatosis and hepatocyte binucleation were increased in HFHS mice, while HFHS-Fo mice had reduced liver steatosis and hepatocyte binucleation. HFHS-Fo mice had a lower pancreas mass, while HFHS animals had higher islet pancreatic diameter. The SC group showed strong expression for insulin, glucagon and a glucose transporter type 2 GLUT-2 in all pancreatic islets, while in HFHS mice there was less expression for GLUT-2. However, HFHS-Fo mice showed an increase of GLUT-2 expression. In conclusion, dietary fish oil treatment reduces body mass and fat pad adiposity, and also by reducing plasma TG and pancreatic islet hypertrophy in mice fed high-fat-high-sucrose diet. Furthermore, fish oil improves glucagon and GLUT-2 expressions when it is decreased in insulin, but in hepatocyte binucleation and hepatic steatosis where the effect is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A M Nascimento
- Laboratório de Morfometria e Morfologia Cardiovascular, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87 (fds) 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Torres TDS, D'Oliveira Silva G, Aguila MB, de Carvalho JJ, Mandarim-De-Lacerda CA. Effects of rosiglitazone (a peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist) on the blood pressure and aortic structure in metabolically programmed (perinatal low protein) rats. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:965-75. [PMID: 18712052 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of rosiglitazone on nutritionally programmed chronic disease, with a focus on blood pressure (BP) and aortic wall structural remodeling. Wistar pregnant rats were fed one of two diets: a normal protein diet (19% protein; NP rats) or low-protein diet (5% protein; LP rats). Male offspring at 3 months of age were randomly divided into four groups: NP offspring treated with rosiglitazone (NPR); untreated NP offspring (NP); LP offspring treated with rosiglitazone (LPR); untreated LP offspring (LP). Rosiglitazone was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg/d until 6 months of age. BP was elevated in LP offspring. Rosiglitazone reduced BP beginning in the first week of treatment in the LPR offspring. The insulin sensitivity was increased in LP offspring, and was not altered by rosiglitazone. LP offspring exhibited a 40% reduction in the amount of elastic fibers in the aorta wall compared with NP offspring (p < 0.01), and the quantity of elastic fibers was not altered by rosiglitazone. The smooth muscle cells, elastic lamellae, circumferential wall tension (CWT) and tensile stress (TS) were increased in LP offspring, indicating increased blood flow in the aorta. Rosiglitazone reduced both CWT and TS by 30% compared to the levels in untreated LP offspring (p < 0.01 for both). Rosiglitazone restored the expressions of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase nearly to the levels in the NP offspring. ANOVA disclosed a significant two-factor interaction between protein content in the diet and rosiglitazone treatment (p < 0.001 for CWT and p < 0.00001 for TS, two-way ANOVA). We conclude that rosiglitazone has beneficial effects in reducing the BP and the aortic tunica media hypertrophy with consequent balance of the wall stress in metabolically programmed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago da Silva Torres
- Laboratory of Morphometry and Cardiovascular Morphology, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Parente LB, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Deleterious effects of high-fat diet on perinatal and postweaning periods in adult rat offspring. Clin Nutr 2008; 27:623-34. [PMID: 18614261 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2007] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pre- and postnatal environmental changes can reset the developmental path during intrauterine development leading to obesity and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders later in life. The effects of high-fat diets on body mass, fat mass, the plasma level of glucose, insulin and leptin, as well as the insulin/glucose ratio and cardiovascular parameters in adult rat offspring were studied. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats in a standard chow group (SC) or high-fat chow group (HFC), at weaning their SC and HFC offspring were randomly divided into two postnatal groups: fed on SC or HFC. With euthanasia at 6-month-old, three-way ANOVA there were three-factor interactions among gender, perinatal diet and postweaning diet to body mass (BM), BP, left ventricle (LV) thickness, carbohydrate metabolism, plasma corticosterone concentrations and leptin/fat mass/adipocyte size pattern. RESULTS HFC/SC and SC/HFC offspring of both genders had high BM and BP, which were increased in HFC/HFC offspring. There was hyperinsulinism, hyperleptinemia, as well as high insulin/glucose ratio and high plasma corticosterone concentrations mainly in HFC/HFC offspring with adipocytes and LV hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Postweaning HFC was deleterious to the health of adult offspring from dams fed HFC during pregnancy and then during the first half of lactation period. HFC administrated in both periods shows supplementary effects, elevating BP with consequent LV hypertrophy, altering carbohydrate metabolism, plasma corticosterone concentrations and disturbing leptin/fat mass/adipocyte size pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyana Barbosa Parente
- Laboratory of Morphometry and Cardiovascular Morphology, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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