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Kitro A, Imad HA, Pisutsan P, Matsee W, Sirikul W, Sapbamrer R, Rapheal E, Fernandez S, Cotrone TS, Farmer AR, Hunsawong T, Silachamroon U, Chatapat L, Olanwijitwong J, Salee P, Anderson KB, Piyaphanee W. Seroprevalence of dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Zika among long-term expatriates in Thailand. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae022. [PMID: 38335250 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Travel to Southeast Asia increases the likelihood of acquiring mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections such as dengue (DENV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV) and Zika viruses (ZIKV). Expatriates are long-term travellers who have a higher risk of mosquito-borne illness at their destination country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of DENV, JEV and ZIKV infections and the determinants contributing to seropositivity among expatriates living in Thailand. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2017 to February 2020. Expatriates from non-Flavivirus endemic countries were recruited. 5 mL of blood was collected for DENV 1-4, JEV and ZIKV antibody testing by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Individuals with vaccination histories or diagnoses for dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis were excluded. RESULTS Among 254 participants, most participants (83.1%) were male, the mean age was 65 years and the median duration of stay in Thailand was 6 years. Seroprevalence rate of any Flavivirus, non-specific DENV, DENV1-4, JEV and ZIKV were 34.3, 30.7, 20.5, 18.1, 18.9, 10.6, 4.7 and 2.8%, respectively. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against DENV1-4 positively correlates with the duration of stay in Thailand. DENV seropositivity was associated with living in urban areas (aOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.36-5.57). Expatriates were unlikely to have detectable anti-JEV antibodies regardless of time spent in a JEV-endemic area. No risk factors were identified that were significantly associated with JEV or ZIKV seropositivity. Only 48.4% received pre-travel counselling services, while only 18.9% visited a travel medicine specialist. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion (34.3%) of long-term expatriates living in Thailand were seropositive for flavivirus, mainly from dengue (30.7%). To minimize risk, travel medicine practitioners should provide adequate pre-travel health risk information on mosquito-borne flavivirus infection and offer advice on mosquito bite prevention strategies. Dengue vaccine might be considered in high-risk travellers such as long-term expatriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornphat Kitro
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hisham Ahmed Imad
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Phimphan Pisutsan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wasin Matsee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Erica Rapheal
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN 55414, USA
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thomas S Cotrone
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Aaron R Farmer
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Taweewun Hunsawong
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Udomsak Silachamroon
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Lapakorn Chatapat
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jutarmas Olanwijitwong
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Parichat Salee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kathryn B Anderson
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Watcharapong Piyaphanee
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Renard A, Pérez Lombardini F, Pacheco Zapata M, Porphyre T, Bento A, Suzán G, Roiz D, Roche B, Arnal A. Interaction of Human Behavioral Factors Shapes the Transmission of Arboviruses by Aedes and Culex Mosquitoes. Pathogens 2023; 12:1421. [PMID: 38133304 PMCID: PMC10746986 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses, i.e., viruses transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods, trigger significant global epidemics. Over the past 20 years, the frequency of the (re-)emergence of these pathogens, particularly those transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, has dramatically increased. Therefore, understanding how human behavior is modulating population exposure to these viruses is of particular importance. This synthesis explores human behavioral factors driving human exposure to arboviruses, focusing on household surroundings, socio-economic status, human activities, and demographic factors. Household surroundings, such as the lack of water access, greatly influence the risk of arbovirus exposure by promoting mosquito breeding in stagnant water bodies. Socio-economic status, such as low income or low education, is correlated to an increased incidence of arboviral infections and exposure. Human activities, particularly those practiced outdoors, as well as geographical proximity to livestock rearing or crop cultivation, inadvertently provide favorable breeding environments for mosquito species, escalating the risk of virus exposure. However, the effects of demographic factors like age and gender can vary widely through space and time. While climate and environmental factors crucially impact vector development and viral replication, household surroundings, socio-economic status, human activities, and demographic factors are key drivers of arbovirus exposure. This article highlights that human behavior creates a complex interplay of factors influencing the risk of mosquito-borne virus exposure, operating at different temporal and spatial scales. To increase awareness among human populations, we must improve our understanding of these complex factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubane Renard
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (D.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Fernanda Pérez Lombardini
- Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Departamento de Etología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (F.P.L.); (M.P.Z.); (G.S.)
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO (Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico), Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Mitsuri Pacheco Zapata
- Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Departamento de Etología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (F.P.L.); (M.P.Z.); (G.S.)
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO (Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico), Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Thibaud Porphyre
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 69280 Marcy-l’Etoile, France;
| | - Ana Bento
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Departamento de Etología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (F.P.L.); (M.P.Z.); (G.S.)
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO (Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico), Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - David Roiz
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (D.R.); (B.R.)
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO (Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico), Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (D.R.); (B.R.)
- Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Departamento de Etología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (F.P.L.); (M.P.Z.); (G.S.)
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO (Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico), Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Audrey Arnal
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (D.R.); (B.R.)
- Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Departamento de Etología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (F.P.L.); (M.P.Z.); (G.S.)
- International Joint Laboratory IRD/UNAM ELDORADO (Ecosystem, Biological Diversity, Habitat Modifications, and Risk of Emerging Pathogens and Diseases in Mexico), Merida 97205, Mexico
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Man O, Kraay A, Thomas R, Trostle J, Lee GO, Robbins C, Morrison AC, Coloma J, Eisenberg JNS. Characterizing dengue transmission in rural areas: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011333. [PMID: 37289678 PMCID: PMC10249895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue has historically been considered an urban disease associated with dense human populations and the built environment. Recently, studies suggest increasing dengue virus (DENV) transmission in rural populations. It is unclear whether these reports reflect recent spread into rural areas or ongoing transmission that was previously unnoticed, and what mechanisms are driving this rural transmission. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize research on dengue in rural areas and apply this knowledge to summarize aspects of rurality used in current epidemiological studies of DENV transmission given changing and mixed environments. We described how authors defined rurality and how they defined mechanisms for rural dengue transmission. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles evaluating dengue prevalence or cumulative incidence in rural areas. A total of 106 articles published between 1958 and 2021 met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 56% (n = 22) of the 48 estimates that compared urban and rural settings reported rural dengue incidence as being as high or higher than in urban locations. In some rural areas, the force of infection appears to be increasing over time, as measured by increasing seroprevalence in children and thus likely decreasing age of first infection, suggesting that rural dengue transmission may be a relatively recent phenomenon. Authors characterized rural locations by many different factors, including population density and size, environmental and land use characteristics, and by comparing their context to urban areas. Hypothesized mechanisms for rural dengue transmission included travel, population size, urban infrastructure, vector and environmental factors, among other mechanisms. Strengthening our understanding of the relationship between rurality and dengue will require a more nuanced definition of rurality from the perspective of DENV transmission. Future studies should focus on characterizing details of study locations based on their environmental features, exposure histories, and movement dynamics to identify characteristics that may influence dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Man
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alicia Kraay
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institution for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ruth Thomas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James Trostle
- Department of Anthropology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gwenyth O. Lee
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Rutgers Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Robbins
- Department of Anthropology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Power GM, Vaughan AM, Qiao L, Sanchez Clemente N, Pescarini JM, Paixão ES, Lobkowicz L, Raja AI, Portela Souza A, Barreto ML, Brickley EB. Socioeconomic risk markers of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-007735. [PMID: 35428678 PMCID: PMC9014035 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are of notable public health importance worldwide, owing to their potential to cause explosive outbreaks and induce debilitating and potentially life-threatening disease manifestations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the relationship between markers of socioeconomic position (SEP) and infection due to arboviruses with mosquito vectors. Methods We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Embase, and LILACS databases to identify studies published between 1980 and 2020 that measured the association of SEP markers with arbovirus infection. We included observational studies without geographic location or age restrictions. We excluded studies from grey literature, reviews and ecological studies. Study findings were extracted and summarised, and pooled estimates were obtained using random-effects meta-analyses. Results We identified 36 observational studies using data pertaining to 106 524 study participants in 23 geographic locations that empirically examined the relationship between socioeconomic factors and infections caused by seven arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, Sindbis, West Nile and Zika viruses). While results were varied, descriptive synthesis pointed to a higher risk of arbovirus infection associated with markers of lower SEP, including lower education, income poverty, low healthcare coverage, poor housing materials, interrupted water supply, marital status (married, divorced or widowed), non-white ethnicities and migration status. Pooled crude estimates indicated an increased risk of arboviral infection associated with lower education (risk ratio, RR 1.5 95% CI 1.3 to 1.9); I2=83.1%), interruption of water supply (RR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3; I2=0.0%) and having been married (RR 1.5 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1; I2=85.2%). Conclusion Evidence from this systematic review suggests that lower SEP increases the risk of acquiring arboviral infection; however, there was large heterogeneity across studies. Further studies are required to delineate the relationship between specific individual, household and community-level SEP indicators and arbovirus infection risks to help inform targeted public health interventions. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019158572.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Power
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Aisling M Vaughan
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Luxi Qiao
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nuria Sanchez Clemente
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Julia M Pescarini
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Enny S Paixão
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ludmila Lobkowicz
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amber I Raja
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - André Portela Souza
- São Paulo School of Economics and Center for Applied Microeconomic Studies, Getulio Vargas Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lima Barreto
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth B Brickley
- Health Equity Action Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Sagna AB, Kassié D, Couvray A, Adja AM, Hermann E, Riveau G, Salem G, Fournet F, Remoue F. Spatial Assessment of Contact Between Humans and Anopheles and Aedes Mosquitoes in a Medium-Sized African Urban Setting, Using Salivary Antibody-Based Biomarkers. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1199-1208. [PMID: 31152664 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anarchic and poorly controlled urbanization led to an increased risk of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) in many African cities. Here, we evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of human exposure to malaria and arboviral disease vectors in an urban area of northern Senegal, using antibody-based biomarkers of exposure to Anopheles and Aedes mosquito bites. METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken during the rainy season of 2014 in 4 neighborhoods of Saint-Louis, a city in northern Senegal. Among children aged 6-59 months in each neighborhood, the dried blood spot technique was used to evaluate immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to both gSG6-P1 (Anopheles) and Nterm-34-kDa (Aedes) salivary peptides as validated biomarkers of respective mosquito bite exposure. RESULTS IgG response levels to gSG6-P1 and Nterm-34-kDa salivary peptides varied significantly between the 4 neighborhoods (P < .0001). The level of exposure to Aedes bites also varied according to household access to sanitation services (P = .027), whereas that of exposure to Anopheles bites varied according to insecticide-treated bed net use (P = .006). In addition, spatial clusters of high contact between humans and mosquitoes were identified inside 3 neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS Antibody-based biomarkers of exposure to Anopheles and Aedes mosquito bites could be helpful tools for evaluating the heterogeneity of exposure to malaria and arboviral disease vectors by national control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Sagna
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
- Biomedical Research Center Espoir Pour La Santé, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
| | - Daouda Kassié
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Akré Maurice Adja
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Emmanuel Hermann
- CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS UMR, Inserm, Lille, France
| | - Gilles Riveau
- CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS UMR, Inserm, Lille, France
- Biomedical Research Center Espoir Pour La Santé, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
| | - Gérard Salem
- CEPED, University of Paris Descartes, IRD, Paris
| | - Florence Fournet
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Fox-Lewis A, Hopkins J, Sar P, Sao S, Pheaktra N, Day NPJ, Blacksell SD, Turner P. Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Rickettsial Infections in Cambodian Children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:635-638. [PMID: 30675849 PMCID: PMC6402902 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus (ST, Orientia tsutsugamushi), murine typhus (MT, Rickettsia typhi), and dengue virus (DENV) are important causes of childhood morbidity in Cambodia. This prospective, cross-sectional seroprevalence study determined the proportion of Cambodian children infected by these pathogens and the ages at which initial infection is likely to occur. A total of 993 patient serum samples were tested for MT- and ST-specific IgG, and 837 samples tested for DENV-specific IgG. Overall, ST, MT, and DENV seroprevalence was high, estimated at 4.2%, 5.3%, and 50.7%, respectively. Scrub typhus and MT seropositivity peaked in children aged 8–11 and 12–15 years, respectively, suggesting initial infection occurs in these ages. Dengue virus seroprevalence steadily increased with age, indicating constant DENV exposure. The results of this study suggest that in Cambodian children presenting with undifferentiated febrile illness, dengue should be considered high in the list of differential diagnoses, and empirical anti-rickettsial antimicrobial therapy may be more indicated in 8- to 15-year-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fox-Lewis
- Cambodia-Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Hopkins
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Cambodia-Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Poda Sar
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia.,Cambodia-Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Sena Sao
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia.,Cambodia-Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | | | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart D Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Turner
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Cambodia-Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
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Obaidat MM, Roess AA. First report on seroprevalence and risk factors of dengue virus in Jordan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:279-284. [PMID: 29992312 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are no data available on dengue epidemiology in Jordan. This is the first study of the seroprevalence and risk factors of dengue virus (DENV) infection in Jordan. Methods Sera samples from 892 apparently healthy individuals from all over Jordan were tested for DENV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a validated questionnaire was completed by all participants to identify and rank possible risk factors. Results The seroprevalence was 24.6% (95% confidence interval 21.8 to 27.5). In univariate regression analysis, age, education, history of travel, living in rainy areas and practicing agriculture were significantly (p<0.05) associated with seropositivity. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that those who live in a rainy climate (odd ratio [OR] 1.7), are older (OR 2.3), have a history of international travel (OR 1.5) and are male with a history of international travel had a significantly greater odds of DENV seropositivity (OR 3.4). Conclusions These data suggest that DENV circulates in Jordan and that cases may be imported or locally transmitted. Further research is needed to determine the circulating DENV serotypes and vectors in Jordan. Given the high rate of DENV seropositivity, dengue should be considered as a differential diagnosis in febrile diseases in Jordan, especially among populations living in rainy climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Amira A Roess
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Chien YW, Huang HM, Ho TC, Tseng FC, Ko NY, Ko WC, Perng GC. Seroepidemiology of dengue virus infection among adults during the ending phase of a severe dengue epidemic in southern Taiwan, 2015. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:338. [PMID: 31014263 PMCID: PMC6480438 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A severe dengue epidemic occurred in 2015 which resulted in over 22,000 laboratory-confirmed cases. A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted during the ending phase of this epidemic to evaluate the true incidence of dengue virus (DENV) infection and the level of herd immunity. METHODS Adult residents in three administrative districts with high dengue incidence were recruited; workers in two districts with intermediate dengue incidence were also recruited for comparison. DENV-specific IgM and IgG were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. DENV RNA was detected using commercial quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for recent and past DENV infection. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgM and IgG in 1391 participants was 6.8 and 17.4%, respectively. The risk of recent DENV infection increased with age, with the elderly having the highest risk of infection. Living in areas with high incidence of reported dengue cases and having family members being diagnosed with dengue in 2015 were also independent risk factors for recent DENV infection. One sample was found to have asymptomatic viremia with viral load as high as 105 PFU/ml. CONCLUSIONS Comparing the seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgM with the incidence of reported dengue cases in 2015, we estimated that 1 out of 3.7 dengue infections were reported to the surveillance system; widespread use of rapid diagnostic tests might contribute to this high reporting rate. The results also indicate that the overall herd immunity remains low and the current approved Dengvaxia® is not quite suitable for vaccination in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chien
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Min Huang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chen Tseng
- Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guey Chuen Perng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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9
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Salmón-Mulanovich G, Blazes DL, Guezala V MC, Rios Z, Espinoza A, Guevara C, Lescano AG, Montgomery JM, Bausch DG, Pan WK. Individual and Spatial Risk of Dengue Virus Infection in Puerto Maldonado, Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:1440-1450. [PMID: 30298808 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) affects more than 100 countries worldwide. Dengue virus infection has been increasing in the southern Peruvian Amazon city of Puerto Maldonado since 2000. We designed this study to describe the prevalence of past DENV infection and to evaluate risk factors. In 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey and administered a knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) questionnaire to members of randomly selected households. Sera were screened for antibodies to DENV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. We created indices for KAP (KAPi). We used SaTScan (Martin Kulldorff with Information Management Services Inc., Boston, MA) to detect clustering and created a multivariate model introducing the distance of households to potential vector and infection sources. A total of 505 participants from 307 households provided a blood sample and completed a questionnaire. Fifty-four percent of participants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49.6; 58.5) had neutralizing antibodies to DENV. Higher values of KAPi were positively associated with having DENV antibodies in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [ORII]: 1.6, 95% CI: 0.6, 2.4; ORIII: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.5; and ORIV: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.0). Older groups had lower chances of having been exposed to DENV than younger people (OR20-30: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8; OR31-45: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9; and OR>45: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3, 1.3). Multivariate data analysis from the 270 households with location information showed male gender to have lower risk of past DENV infection (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.9). We conclude that risk of DENV infection in Puerto Maldonado is related to gender, age of the population, and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Salmón-Mulanovich
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David L Blazes
- Global Health Division, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington.,U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Zonia Rios
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Andrés G Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru.,Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel G Bausch
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru.,Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - William K Pan
- Duke Global Health Institute and Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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10
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Pham Thi KL, Briant L, Gavotte L, Labbe P, Perriat-Sanguinet M, Cornillot E, Vu TD, Nguyen TY, Tran VP, Nguyen VS, Devaux C, Afelt A, Tran CC, Phan TN, Tran ND, Frutos R. Incidence of dengue and chikungunya viruses in mosquitoes and human patients in border provinces of Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:556. [PMID: 29121985 PMCID: PMC5680899 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus remains a major threat in Vietnam, while chikungunya virus is expected to become one. Surveillance was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in Vietnam to assess the presence of dengue and chikungunya viruses in patients hospitalized with acute fever in five Vietnam provinces neighboring Lao PDR and Cambodia. Surveillance was extended to mosquitoes present in the vicinity of the patients’ households. Results A total 558 human serum samples were collected along with 1104 adult mosquitoes and 12,041 larvae from 2250 households. Dengue virus was found in 17 (3%) human serum samples and in 9 (0.8%) adult mosquitoes. Chikungunya virus was detected in 2 adult mosquitoes (0.18%) while no chikungunya virus was detected in humans. Differing densities of mosquito populations were found, with the highest in the Long An Province border with Cambodia. Long An Province also displayed the lowest rate of infection, despite a very high Breteau Index, high human population density and presence of the main cross border road system. The highest incidence was found in Dac Nong Province, where the Breteau and Container indices were the second lowest. Dengue virus was detected in five Aedes albopictus, three Aedes aegypti and one Culex vishnui. Chikungunya virus was detected in two Ae. aegypti. All infected mosquitoes belonged to haplotypes described in other parts of the world and a number of novel haplotypes were found among uninfected mosquitoes. Conclusions Dengue is considered to be regularly introduced to Vietnam from Cambodia, mostly through human movement. The data reported here provides a complementary picture. Due to intensive international trade, long-distance transportation of mosquito populations may play a role in the regular importation of dengue in Vietnam through Ho Chi Minh City. It is important to decipher the movement of mosquitoes in Vietnam, not only at the Lao PDR and Cambodia borders but also through international trade routes. Mosquito surveillance programs should address and follow mosquito populations instead of mosquito species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2422-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lien Pham Thi
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam. .,IRIM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France. .,Cirad, Intertryp, UMR 17, TA-A17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Laurent Gavotte
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierrick Labbe
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Cornillot
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), Montpellier, France.,IRCM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, ICM,, Montpellier, France
| | - Trong Duoc Vu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Yen Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Phong Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Van Soai Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Christian Devaux
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INSERM, AP-HM, URMITE, IHU-Méditerranée infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Aneta Afelt
- University of Warsaw, Interdisciplinary Center for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Prosta 69, 00-838, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chi Cuong Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Nga Phan
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Duong Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Roger Frutos
- Cirad, Intertryp, UMR 17, TA-A17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Cedex 5, Montpellier, France. .,IES, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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11
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Lee AJ, Bhattacharya R, Scheuermann RH, Pickett BE. Identification of diagnostic peptide regions that distinguish Zika virus from related mosquito-borne Flaviviruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178199. [PMID: 28562637 PMCID: PMC5451039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which includes Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and other mosquito-borne arboviruses. Infection by ZIKV can be difficult to distinguish from infection by other mosquito-borne Flaviviruses due to high sequence similarity, serum antibody cross-reactivity, and virus co-circulation in endemic areas. Indeed, existing serological methods are not able to consistently differentiate ZIKV from other Flaviviruses, which makes it extremely difficult to accurately calculate the incidence rate of Zika-associated Guillain-Barre in adults, microcephaly in newborns, or asymptomatic infections within a geographical area. In order to identify Zika-specific peptide regions that could be used as serology reagents, we have applied comparative genomics and protein structure analyses to identify amino acid residues that distinguish each of 10 Flavivirus species and subtypes from each other by calculating the specificity, sensitivity, and surface exposure of each residue in relevant target proteins. For ZIKV we identified 104 and 116 15-mer peptides in the E glycoprotein and NS1 non-structural protein, respectively, that contain multiple diagnostic sites and are located in surface-exposed regions in the tertiary protein structure. These sensitive, specific, and surface-exposed peptide regions should serve as useful reagents for seroprevalence studies to better distinguish between prior infections with any of these mosquito-borne Flaviviruses. The development of better detection methods and diagnostic tools will enable clinicians and public health workers to more accurately estimate the true incidence rate of asymptomatic infections, neurological syndromes, and birth defects associated with ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Lee
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Roshni Bhattacharya
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Biological and Medical Informatics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Scheuermann
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Fournet F, Rican S, Vaillant Z, Roudot A, Meunier-Nikiema A, Kassié D, Dabiré RK, Salem G. The Influence of Urbanization Modes on the Spatial Circulation of Flaviviruses within Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1226. [PMID: 27973402 PMCID: PMC5201367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. Although this virus has been reported for a long time, its significance within the burden of diseases in West Africa is not obvious, especially in Burkina Faso. Our objective was to evaluate flavivirus presence in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and the link between anti-flavivirus antibody seroprevalence and urbanization modes. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted and 3015 children were enrolled from Ouagadougou districts with different types and degrees of urbanization (with/without equipment and high/low building density). Flavivirus (FLAV) IgM MAC-ELISA and FLAV indirect IgG ELISA were performed. Associations between FLAV IgG presence (sign of past infection) and various independent variables were assessed using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The apparent prevalence of past flavivirus infections among the enrolled children was 22.7% (95% CI: 22.4-26.7) (n = 685). Eleven children (0.4%; 95% CI: 0.61-2.14) were positive for FLAV IgM, indicating active transmission. Factors associated with flavivirus infection were identified among the enrolled children (age, sex), householders (educational level, asset index) and in the environment (building density, water access, waste management and house appearance); however, they showed great variability according to the city districts. The water access modality did not significantly influence FLAV IgG positivity. Conversely, apparently good practices of waste management had unexpected consequences (increased risk related to municipal dumpsters). Given the scale of ongoing urbanization and the spread of arboviral diseases, close collaboration between health and city stakeholders is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fournet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier 34394, France.
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso.
| | - Stéphane Rican
- Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre 92000, France.
| | - Zoé Vaillant
- Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre 92000, France.
| | - Anna Roudot
- Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre 92000, France.
| | | | - Daouda Kassié
- Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre 92000, France.
- Unité Recherche Animal et Gestion Intégrée des Risques (AGIRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier 34398, France.
| | - Roch K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso.
| | - Gérard Salem
- Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre 92000, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris 75006, France.
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13
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Imai N, Dorigatti I, Cauchemez S, Ferguson NM. Estimating dengue transmission intensity from sero-prevalence surveys in multiple countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003719. [PMID: 25881272 PMCID: PMC4400108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of dengue transmission intensity remain ambiguous. Since the majority of infections are asymptomatic, surveillance systems substantially underestimate true rates of infection. With advances in the development of novel control measures, obtaining robust estimates of average dengue transmission intensity is key for assessing both the burden of disease from dengue and the likely impact of interventions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The force of infection (λ) and corresponding basic reproduction numbers (R0) for dengue were estimated from non-serotype (IgG) and serotype-specific (PRNT) age-stratified seroprevalence surveys identified from the literature. The majority of R0 estimates ranged from 1-4. Assuming that two heterologous infections result in complete immunity produced up to two-fold higher estimates of R0 than when tertiary and quaternary infections were included. λ estimated from IgG data were comparable to the sum of serotype-specific forces of infection derived from PRNT data, particularly when inter-serotype interactions were allowed for. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis highlights the highly heterogeneous nature of dengue transmission. How underlying assumptions about serotype interactions and immunity affect the relationship between the force of infection and R0 will have implications for control planning. While PRNT data provides the maximum information, our study shows that even the much cheaper ELISA-based assays would provide comparable baseline estimates of overall transmission intensity which will be an important consideration in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Imai
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Neil M. Ferguson
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Mohd-Zaki AH, Brett J, Ismail E, L'Azou M. Epidemiology of dengue disease in Malaysia (2000-2012): a systematic literature review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3159. [PMID: 25375211 PMCID: PMC4222702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A literature survey and analysis was conducted to describe the epidemiology of dengue disease in Malaysia between 2000 and 2012. Published literature was searched for epidemiological studies of dengue disease, using specific search strategies for each electronic database; 237 relevant data sources were identified, 28 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The epidemiology of dengue disease in Malaysia was characterized by a non-linear increase in the number of reported cases from 7,103 in 2000 to 46,171 in 2010, and a shift in the age range predominance from children toward adults. The overall increase in dengue disease was accompanied by a rise in the number, but not the proportion, of severe cases. The dominant circulating dengue virus serotypes changed continually over the decade and differed between states. Several gaps in epidemiological knowledge were identified; in particular, studies of regional differences, age-stratified seroprevalence, and hospital admissions. Protocol registration PROSPERO #CRD42012002293
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hamid Mohd-Zaki
- Vector Borne Disease Sector, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Maïna L'Azou
- Global Epidemiology Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
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15
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Lindahl JF, Ståhl K, Chirico J, Boqvist S, Thu HTV, Magnusson U. Circulation of Japanese encephalitis virus in pigs and mosquito vectors within Can Tho city, Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2153. [PMID: 23593520 PMCID: PMC3617195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne, zoonotic flavivirus causing encephalitis in humans and reproductive disorder in pigs. JEV is present in large parts of Asia, where urbanization is high. Households within and outside Can Tho city, South Vietnam, were selected to monitor circulation of JEV. A nested RT-PCR was established to detect the presence of JEV in mosquitoes whereas sera from pigs belonging to households within the province were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to JEV. A total of 7885 mosquitoes were collected and divided into 352 pools whereof seven were JEV-positive, six of which were collected within the city. Fragments from four pools clustered with JEV genotype III and three with genotype I. Of the 43 pigs sampled inside the city 100% had JEV antibodies. Our study demonstrates exposure to JEV in pigs, and co-circulation of JEV genotype I and III in mosquitoes within an urban environment in South Vietnam. Thus, although JEV has mainly been considered a rural disease, the potential for transmission in urban areas cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F. Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Ståhl
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Chirico
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Boqvist
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ho Thi Viet Thu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Frequency and clinical features of dengue infection in a schoolchildren cohort from medellin, Colombia. J Trop Med 2012; 2012:120496. [PMID: 23304167 PMCID: PMC3530854 DOI: 10.1155/2012/120496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the incidence of dengue infection, we established active surveillance of febrile episodes in a cohort of schoolchildren from three schools in Medellin, Colombia. We followed a cohort of 2,379 schoolchildren in 2010 and followed 1,840 of these children the following year. During the follow-up time, 264 schoolchildren displayed 297 febrile episodes; of these, 23 episodes (7.7%) were caused by acute dengue infection. All four dengue serotypes were found, and all of the cases were mild. The most common symptoms in the dengue cases compared with those in other febrile illness were asthenia (96% versus 87%), anorexia (78% versus 57%), rhinorrhea (65.2% versus 58%), abdominal pain (56.5% versus 47.8%), arthralgia (43% versus 33%), and positive tourniquet test (13% versus 3%). This difference was not statistically significant. Pulse was elevated, and systolic arterial pressure was lower in dengue cases compared with other febrile illness (P < 0.05). Mosquito indexes were determined in 8 children's houses and in the schools. Aedes aegypti adults were found in both households and in schools, whereas Aedes aegypti larvae were found only in schools. These results showed an elevated dengue frequency in children, with symptoms similar to those of other febrile illness and transmission risk in households and schools.
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17
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Lindahl J, Chirico J, Boqvist S, Thu HTV, Magnusson U. Occurrence of Japanese encephalitis virus mosquito vectors in relation to urban pig holdings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:1076-1082. [PMID: 23033401 PMCID: PMC3516078 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is transmitted to humans from pigs or birds by mosquitoes. In this study, the association between urban pig keeping and mosquito vectors was analyzed. A total of 7, 419 mosquitoes were collected overnight in urban households with and without pigs in Can Tho City, Vietnam. The most prevalent vectors were Culex tritaeniorhynchus (36%), Cx. gelidus (24%), and Cx. quinquefasciatus (15%), which were present in all parts of the city. Pigs were associated with increased numbers of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Traps close to pigs had higher numbers of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus than traps close to humans. Increased number of persons in the household was associated with increased numbers of Cx. quinquefasciatus. We demonstrate that JEV vector species are present at urban households with and without pigs, and show that keeping pigs in an urban area increase the number of mosquitoes competent as vectors for JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National Veterinary Institute, Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, and Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health Swedish, University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
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18
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Mayaro virus infection in amazonia: a multimodel inference approach to risk factor assessment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1846. [PMID: 23071852 PMCID: PMC3469468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arboviral diseases are major global public health threats. Yet, our understanding of infection risk factors is, with a few exceptions, considerably limited. A crucial shortcoming is the widespread use of analytical methods generally not suited for observational data--particularly null hypothesis-testing (NHT) and step-wise regression (SWR). Using Mayaro virus (MAYV) as a case study, here we compare information theory-based multimodel inference (MMI) with conventional analyses for arboviral infection risk factor assessment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cross-sectional survey of anti-MAYV antibodies revealed 44% prevalence (n = 270 subjects) in a central Amazon rural settlement. NHT suggested that residents of village-like household clusters and those using closed toilet/latrines were at higher risk, while living in non-village-like areas, using bednets, and owning fowl, pigs or dogs were protective. The "minimum adequate" SWR model retained only residence area and bednet use. Using MMI, we identified relevant covariates, quantified their relative importance, and estimated effect-sizes (β ± SE) on which to base inference. Residence area (β(Village) = 2.93 ± 0.41; β(Upland) = -0.56 ± 0.33, β(Riverbanks) = -2.37 ± 0.55) and bednet use (β = -0.95 ± 0.28) were the most important factors, followed by crop-plot ownership (β = 0.39 ± 0.22) and regular use of a closed toilet/latrine (β = 0.19 ± 0.13); domestic animals had insignificant protective effects and were relatively unimportant. The SWR model ranked fifth among the 128 models in the final MMI set. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our analyses illustrate how MMI can enhance inference on infection risk factors when compared with NHT or SWR. MMI indicates that forest crop-plot workers are likely exposed to typical MAYV cycles maintained by diurnal, forest dwelling vectors; however, MAYV might also be circulating in nocturnal, domestic-peridomestic cycles in village-like areas. This suggests either a vector shift (synanthropic mosquitoes vectoring MAYV) or a habitat/habits shift (classical MAYV vectors adapting to densely populated landscapes and nocturnal biting); any such ecological/adaptive novelty could increase the likelihood of MAYV emergence in Amazonia.
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Oliveira PMPD, Paiva JDSP, Cezario KG, Pagliuca LMF. Literatura de cordel como estratégia educativa para prevenção da dengue. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-07072011000400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as mensagens transmitidas e a linguagem abordada em folhetos sobre a temática dengue. Estudo exploratório-descritivo, documental, precedido de busca sistemática de cordéis, entre abril e maio de 2010. Dos folhetos pesquisados, dois abordavam o tema. Com a Análise de Conteúdo construíram-se três categorias: Conhecendo a dengue, com características da doença em si e também dos seus sinais e sintomas; Prevenção da dengue, com ênfase nas formas de prevenção à proliferação do mosquito e sua eliminação; e Literatura de cordel como estratégia educativa, retratando como o cordel é um meio viável à prevenção da dengue. Os cordéis apresentaram conteúdo informativo satisfatório para produzir alerta favorável a medidas contra a dengue, aliando informações aos costumes culturais regionais.
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Lindahl J, Boqvist S, Ståhl K, Thu HTV, Magnusson U. Reproductive performance in sows in relation to Japanese Encephalitis Virus seropositivity in an endemic area. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:239-45. [PMID: 22081319 PMCID: PMC3247673 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is considered an important reproductive pathogen in pigs. Most studies of the reproductive impact of JEV have been conducted in areas where the disease occurs in seasonal epidemics. In this study, the associations between seropositivity for JEV, measured with an IgG ELISA, and the number of piglets born alive and stillborn were investigated in a tropical area endemic for JEV in Vietnam. Sixty percent of sows from four farms in the Mekong delta of Vietnam were seropositive to JEV and the Odds Ratio for a sow being infected was highest (6.4) in sows above 3.5 years (95% confidence interval 2.2–18.3). There was an association between increasing Optical Density (OD) values from the ELISA and the number of stillborn piglets in sows less than 1.5 years, but no effect of seropositivity could be shown when all sows were studied. OD values had an effect (p = 0.04) on the number of piglets born alive in the statistical analysis only when interacting with the effect of the breeds. An increase in mean OD value of the herd was correlated (p < 0.0001) with an increase in the number of piglets born alive. In this study, there was evidence of a negative association between seropositivity for JEV and the reproductive performance only in sows less than 1.5 years in endemic areas. This could be explained by a year-round infection with the virus, which would lead to immunity in many gilts before their first pregnancy. This, in turn, may imply that JEV infection in pigs is of minor importance for the reproductive performance in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Sissoko D, Ezzedine K, Giry C, Moendandzé A, Lernout T, D'Ortenzio E, Pettinelli F, Malvy D. Seroepidemiology of Dengue virus in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, 2006. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14141. [PMID: 21152441 PMCID: PMC2994745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Dengue virus (DENV) circulation had been documented in neighbouring South-western Indian Ocean Islands, its presence in Mayotte is poorly characterised. To address this issue, we aimed to assess the seroprevalence of dengue IgG antibodies (DENV-IgG Ab) among the population and to investigate potential associations with individual and household characteristics. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In November-December 2006 we conducted a cross-sectional serologic survey in Mayotte among 1,154 inhabitants aged≥2 years by using a multistage cluster random sampling method. The overall prevalence of DENV-specific IgG antibodies (ELISA) was 22.73% (95% CI, 18.16-27.31). The age-specific seroprevalence increased with age (χ2 for trend=11.86, P<0.0006), and was linked with previous known outbreaks in this region. In multivariate analysis, older age, being born in the Comoros and living in a household with a low socioeconomic index were positively associated with DENV IgG antibody positivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings document substantial prior exposure of the population of Mayotte to DENV and highlight the risk of severe illness due to the possibility of sequential DENV infections. Further investigations characterizing current DENV circulation patterns and associated serotypes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daouda Sissoko
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Centre René Labusquière, Bordeaux, France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint André, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Claude Giry
- Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Laboratoire de Biologie, Mamoudzou, Mayotte, France
| | - Amrat Moendandzé
- Conseil Général de Mayotte, Direction de la Santé et de la PMI, Conseil Général BP 101, Mamoudzou, Mayotte, France
| | - Tinne Lernout
- Cellule de l'Institut de Veille Sanitaire en région Océan Indien, Mayotte, France
| | - Eric D'Ortenzio
- Cellule de l'Institut de Veille Sanitaire en région Océan Indien, La Réunion, France
| | - François Pettinelli
- Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Laboratoire de Biologie, Mamoudzou, Mayotte, France
| | - Denis Malvy
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Centre René Labusquière, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service de Médecine Interne et de Maladies Tropicales, Hôpital Saint André, Bordeaux, France
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Hiscox A, Winter CH, Vongphrachanh P, Sisouk T, Somoulay V, Phompida S, Kaul S, Sananikhom P, Nguyen TY, Paul RE, Brey P, Bryant JE. Serological investigations of flavivirus prevalence in Khammouane Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2007-2008. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83:1166-9. [PMID: 21036856 PMCID: PMC2963988 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A large-scale cross-sectional seroprevalence study of dengue (DEN) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) was conducted in Khammouane province, Lao PDR, as part of the initial baseline health impact assessment of the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric dam construction project. Health surveys were performed between May 2007 and February 2008 with serum samples collected from healthy individuals involved in the resettlement program of 16 villages (total surveyed population 4,369). Hemagglutination inhibition assay using flavivirus antigens (DENV1, DENV3, and JEV) performed on 1,708 plasma specimens revealed 30.4% (519) cross-reactive positives, and 10% (172) and 1.3% (22) positives to JEV or DENV, respectively. Entomological surveys conducted during the rainy season of 2008 indicated the presence of competent flavivirus vectors (Culex vishnui group and Aedes albopictus), although Aedes aegypti was not found. Continued surveillance and investigation is warranted to assess the clinical disease burden of flaviviruses in this area that is undergoing rapid ecological and demographic change.
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Rabaa MA, Ty Hang VT, Wills B, Farrar J, Simmons CP, Holmes EC. Phylogeography of recently emerged DENV-2 in southern Viet Nam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e766. [PMID: 20668540 PMCID: PMC2910671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Revealing the dispersal of dengue viruses (DENV) in time and space is central to understanding their epidemiology. However, the processes that shape DENV transmission patterns at the scale of local populations are not well understood, particularly the impact of such factors as human population movement and urbanization. Herein, we investigated trends in the spatial dynamics of DENV-2 transmission in the highly endemic setting of southern Viet Nam. Through a phylogeographic analysis of 168 full-length DENV-2 genome sequences obtained from hospitalized dengue cases from 10 provinces in southern Viet Nam, we reveal substantial genetic diversity in both urban and rural areas, with multiple lineages identified in individual provinces within a single season, and indicative of frequent viral migration among communities. Focusing on the recently introduced Asian I genotype, we observed particularly high rates of viral exchange between adjacent geographic areas, and between Ho Chi Minh City, the primary urban center of this region, and populations across southern Viet Nam. Within Ho Chi Minh City, patterns of DENV movement appear consistent with a gravity model of virus dispersal, with viruses traveling across a gradient of population density. Overall, our analysis suggests that Ho Chi Minh City may act as a source population for the dispersal of DENV across southern Viet Nam, and provides further evidence that urban areas of Southeast Asia play a primary role in DENV transmission. However, these data also indicate that more rural areas are also capable of maintaining virus populations and hence fueling DENV evolution over multiple seasons. Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of the most common vector-borne viral disease of humans, and is at particularly high prevalence in parts of Southeast Asia. Most studies of DENV transmission have focused on very local or international movement patterns, and have not explored how DENV moves through an endemic region. To address this issue, we employed newly developed phylogeographic methods to study patterns of spatial spread in 168 full-length DENV-2 genome sequences collected during a hospital-based study in southern Viet Nam, focusing on the Asian I genotype that recently emerged in this region. This analysis revealed that the urban population of Ho Chi Minh City plays a central role in the dispersal of the virus, and that DENV in this city tends to move along a gradient of population density. In addition, human movement between urban and rural areas was the most likely explanation for the rapid diffusion of DENV across southern Viet Nam following its introduction into Ho Chi Minh City. After reaching more rural areas, some virus lineages were maintained there for a number of years. These results therefore indicate that virological surveillance is necessary in both urban and rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia A. Rabaa
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vu Thi Ty Hang
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Bridget Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jeremy Farrar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chau TNB, Hieu NT, Anders KL, Wolbers M, Lien LB, Hieu LTM, Hien TT, Hung NT, Farrar J, Whitehead S, Simmons CP. Dengue virus infections and maternal antibody decay in a prospective birth cohort study of Vietnamese infants. J Infect Dis 2009; 200:1893-900. [PMID: 19911991 DOI: 10.1086/648407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue hemorrhagic fever can occur in primary dengue virus (DENV) infection of infants. The decay of maternally derived DENV immunoglobulin (Ig) G and the incidence of DENV infection were determined in a prospectively studied cohort of 1244 Vietnamese infants. Higher concentrations of total IgG and DENV-reactive IgG were found in cord plasma relative to maternal plasma. Maternally derived DENV-neutralizing and E protein-reactive IgG titers declined to below measurable levels in >90% of infants by 6 months of age. In contrast, IgG reactive with whole DENV virions persisted until 12 months of age in 20% of infants. Serological surveillance identified 10 infants with asymptomatic DENV infection for an incidence of 1.7 cases per 100 person-years. DENV-neutralizing antibodies remained measurable for > or = 1 year after infection. These results suggest that whereas DENV infection in infants is frequently subclinical, there is a window between 4 and 12 months of age where virion-binding but nonneutralizing IgG could facilitate antibody-dependent enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nguyen Bich Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hong Vuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Mondini A, Bronzoni RVDM, Nunes SHP, Chiaravalloti Neto F, Massad E, Alonso WJ, Lázzaro ESM, Ferraz AA, de Andrade Zanotto PM, Nogueira ML. Spatio-temporal tracking and phylodynamics of an urban dengue 3 outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2009; 3:e448. [PMID: 19478848 PMCID: PMC2682200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus has a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of ∼10.700 nucleotides with a single open reading frame that encodes three structural (C, prM, and E) and seven nonstructural (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5) proteins. It possesses four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV 1–4). Many phylogenetic studies address particularities of the different serotypes using convenience samples that are not conducive to a spatio-temporal analysis in a single urban setting. We describe the pattern of spread of distinct lineages of DENV-3 circulating in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil, during 2006. Blood samples from patients presenting dengue-like symptoms were collected for DENV testing. We performed M-N-PCR using primers based on NS5 for virus detection and identification. The fragments were purified from PCR mixtures and sequenced. The positive dengue cases were geo-coded. To type the sequenced samples, 52 reference sequences were aligned. The dataset generated was used for iterative phylogenetic reconstruction with the maximum likelihood criterion. The best demographic model, the rate of growth, rate of evolutionary change, and Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) were estimated. The basic reproductive rate during the epidemics was estimated. We obtained sequences from 82 patients among 174 blood samples. We were able to geo-code 46 sequences. The alignment generated a 399-nucleotide-long dataset with 134 taxa. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all samples were of DENV-3 and related to strains circulating on the isle of Martinique in 2000–2001. Sixty DENV-3 from São José do Rio Preto formed a monophyletic group (lineage 1), closely related to the remaining 22 isolates (lineage 2). We assumed that these lineages appeared before 2006 in different occasions. By transforming the inferred exponential growth rates into the basic reproductive rate, we obtained values for lineage 1 of R0 = 1.53 and values for lineage 2 of R0 = 1.13. Under the exponential model, TMRCA of lineage 1 dated 1 year and lineage 2 dated 3.4 years before the last sampling. The possibility of inferring the spatio-temporal dynamics from genetic data has been generally little explored, and it may shed light on DENV circulation. The use of both geographic and temporally structured phylogenetic data provided a detailed view on the spread of at least two dengue viral strains in a populated urban area. Most of the molecular phylogeny studies of dengue fever, an important public health problem, use convenience samples for their analysis, and they do not evaluate the spatial and temporal features involved in the spread of the different serotypes (and genotypes) circulating in urban settings during an outbreak. Our study describes the patterns of spread of different lineages of dengue 3 virus circulating in a medium-sized city from Brazil, and we also analyzed the dynamics and microevolution of the disease during the 2006 outbreak. We used both geographic and temporally structured phylogenetic data, which provided a relatively detailed view on the spread of at least two dengue viral lineages circulating in an urban area. The pattern of dengue virus circulation might be similar to many other settings all over the world, and the information provided by our study can help a better understanding of dengue outbreaks, providing important information for public-health systems. We could identify at least two lineages, which were introduced in different occasions. They circulated and spread at different rates within the city, and this differential spread and the role of socioeconomic features in this phenomenon are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mondini
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Chiaravalloti Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Massad
- LIM 01-HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wladimir J. Alonso
- Forgarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eduardo S. M. Lázzaro
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Higiene de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Amena Alcântara Ferraz
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Higiene de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular e Bioinformática (LEMB), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mondini A, Chiaravalloti Neto F. [Socioeconomic variables and dengue transmission]. Rev Saude Publica 2008; 41:923-30. [PMID: 18066463 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102007000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between risk of occurrence of dengue and socioeconomic level. METHODS All confirmed autochthonous cases of dengue between September 1990 and August 2002 were geocoded and grouped according to the urban census tracts of the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, Southeastern Brazil. A socioeconomic factor generated by principal component analysis was used to group census tracts into four socioeconomic levels. Incidence rates were calculated for each year and four-year period for each of the census sectors, considering the period from September of one year to August of the next. Thematic maps of sectors, grouped into each of the four socioeconomic levels and their respective disease incidences, are presented. RESULTS Principal component analysis generated a socioeconomic factor that accounted for 87% of total variation. This factor was associated with dengue incidence only for the 1994-95 period. CONCLUSIONS The lack of an association between risk of occurrence of dengue and socioeconomic levels in almost all years studied indicates that this issue deserves further study, and may vary depending on the settings found in each municipality. It will be important to determine the spatial relationship between dengue transmission and other variables, such as degree of immunity in the population, effectiveness of control measures, degree of infestation by the vector; and population habits and behaviors, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mondini
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
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Mondini A, Chiaravalloti-Neto F. Spatial correlation of incidence of dengue with socioeconomic, demographic and environmental variables in a Brazilian city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 393:241-8. [PMID: 18262225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is endemic in most tropical countries. The reasons for its maintenance are related to several risk factors including socioeconomic factors. Urban space and time are also two important dimensions to describe the dynamics of an outbreak. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of a spatial correlation of the incidence of dengue and to identify variables that explain the spatial dependence in a medium-sized city of Brazil. We analyzed registered autochthonous dengue cases from September 1994 to August 2002 correlating them with socioeconomic, demographic and environmental variables using the Moran index. Our results indicate spatial dependence of the incidence of dengue and that socioeconomic factors were critical both at the beginning of the study and later on; other variables related to the organization of urban space were also involved in the occurrence of the disease. The use of spatial analysis tools is important to identify critical control areas with several variables intimately related to the modulation of the disease dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mondini
- Laboratório de Vetores. Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Mackenzie JS, Williams DT, Smith DW. Japanese Encephalitis Virus: The Geographic Distribution, Incidence, and Spread of a Virus with a Propensity to Emerge in New Areas. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-7069(06)16010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Thai KTD, Binh TQ, Giao PT, Phuong HL, Hung LQ, Van Nam N, Nga TT, Groen J, Nagelkerke N, de Vries PJ. Seroprevalence of dengue antibodies, annual incidence and risk factors among children in southern Vietnam. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10:379-86. [PMID: 15807802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is highly endemic in southern Vietnam and all four serotypes of dengue virus have already been identified. To determine the age-specific prevalence of dengue and associated risk factors, we conducted a serological study at two primary schools and assessed risk factors by analysing children's questionnaires and household surveys. Sera were collected from 961 primary schoolchildren in Binh Thuan Province and tested for the presence of dengue virus serum antibodies using an indirect immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody prevalence of the total population was 65.7% (n=631) which increased from 53.0 to 88.2% with age. The annual incidence of a first dengue infection, estimated by binary regression of the seroprevalence by age, was 11.7%. Interestingly, the prevalence of dengue IgG antibodies was significantly higher in children who confirmed using a pit latrine (RR 1.467, 95% CI: 1.245-1.730) and whose domestic environment contained discarded cans (RR 1.238, 95% CI: 1.042-1.470) and pigs (RR 1.228, 95% CI: 1.002-1.504). The epidemiology of dengue in southern Vietnam is stable with a constantly high annual incidence of first infections. Transmission occurs mainly peri-domestically, which has important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa T D Thai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wilder-Smith A, Earnest A, Paton NI. Use of simple laboratory features to distinguish the early stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome from dengue fever. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:1818-23. [PMID: 15578405 PMCID: PMC7107824 DOI: 10.1086/426029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is difficult early in the illness, because its presentation resembles that of other nonspecific viral fevers, such as dengue. Dengue fever is endemic in many of the countries in which the large SARS outbreaks occurred in early 2003. Misdiagnosis may have serious public health consequences. We aimed to determine simple laboratory features to differentiate SARS from dengue. METHODS We compared the laboratory features of 55 adult patients with SARS at presentation (who were all admitted before radiological changes had occurred) and 147 patients with dengue. Features independently predictive of dengue were modeled by multivariate logistic regression to create a diagnostic tool with 100% specificity for dengue. RESULTS Multivariate analysis identified 3 laboratory features that together are highly predictive of a diagnosis of dengue and able to rule out the possibility of SARS: platelet count of <140 x 10(9) platelets/L, white blood cell count of <5x10(9) cells/L, and aspartate aminotransferase level of >34 IU/L. A combination of these parameters has a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Simple laboratory data may be helpful for the diagnosis of disease in adults admitted because of fever in areas in which dengue is endemic when the diagnosis of SARS needs to be excluded. Application of this information may help to optimize the use of isolation rooms for patients presenting with nonspecific fever.
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Wilder-Smith A, Foo W, Earnest A, Sremulanathan S, Paton NI. Seroepidemiology of dengue in the adult population of Singapore. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9:305-8. [PMID: 15040570 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the reasons for the resurgence of dengue in tropical and subtropical countries. We conducted a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study in Singapore to determine the extent at which the Singapore population has been exposed to dengue infections. Dengue antibodies were measures with PanBio Dengue. Of 298 enrolled subjects (age 18-45), 133 (45%) had a positive dengue serology. In multivariate analysis, age and nationality (Singaporean vs non-Singaporean Asians) were found to be significant independent predictors. The odds ratio of dengue seroprevalence increased by 4.13 (95% CI: 2.88-5.93) for every 10 year increase in age. Dengue infections remain a major problem in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.
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