1
|
Knecht KT, Chiriac G, Guan HD. The potential impact of a vegetarian diet on glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has centered on the lowering of intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve; however, this strategy is not uniformly successful, especially in normal tension glaucoma, and there is interest in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other neuroprotective strategies. Vegetarian diets are known to be rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components and have a number of established health benefits. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that vegetarian diets would be beneficial in glaucoma, but this approach has not been well studied. We examine the possible role of vegetarian diets and their components in the incidence and progression of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Knecht
- Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiriac
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Howard D Guan
- Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin K, Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhu J, Fei X. Aging Increases Global Annual Food Greenhouse Gas Emissions up to 300 Million Tonnes by 2100. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5784-5795. [PMID: 38507561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The dietary preferences of the elderly population exhibit distinct variations from the overall averages in most countries, gaining increasing significance due to aging demographics worldwide. These dietary preferences play a crucial role in shaping global food systems, which will result in changed environmental impacts in the future such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We present a quantitative evaluation of the influence of population aging on the changes in GHG emissions from global food systems. To achieve this, we developed regional dietary coefficients (DCs) of the elderly based on the Global Dietary Database (GDD). We then reconciled the GDD with the dataset from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to calculate the food GHG emissions of the average population in each of the countries. By applying the DCs, we estimated the national food GHG emissions and obtained the variations between the emissions from aged and average populations. We employed a modified version of the regional integrated model of climate and the economy model (RICE) to forecast the emission trends in different countries based on FAO and GDD data. This integrated approach allowed us to evaluate the dynamic relationships among aging demographics, food consumption patterns, and economic developments within regions. Our results indicate that the annual aging-embodied global food GHG emissions will reach 288 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (Mt CO2e) by 2100. This estimation is crucial for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and researchers as it provides insights into a potential future environmental challenge and emphasizes the importance of sustainable food production and consumption strategies to GHG emission mitigations associated with aging dietary patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuru Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang X, Alnoud MAH, Ali H, Ali I, Hussain T, Khan MU, Khan SU, Khan MS, Khan SU, Ur Rehman K, Safhi AY, Alissa M. Heartfelt living: Deciphering the link between lifestyle choices and cardiovascular vitality. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102397. [PMID: 38232921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still leading to a significant number of deaths worldwide despite the remarkable advancements in medical technology and pharmacology. Managing patients with established CVDs is a challenge for healthcare providers as it requires reducing the chances of recurring cardiovascular events. On the other hand, changing one's way of life can also significantly impact this area, reducing the likelihood of cardiovascular disease and death through their unique advantages. Consequently, it is advisable for healthcare providers to regularly advise their patients with coronary issues to participate in organized physical exercise and improve their overall physical activity. Additionally, patients should adhere to a diet that promotes heart health, cease smoking, avoid exposure to secondhand smoke, and address any psychosocial stressors that may heighten the risk of cardiovascular problems. These lifestyle therapies, whether used alongside drug therapy or on their own in patients who may have difficulty tolerating medications, face financial barriers, or experience ineffectiveness, can substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality and the likelihood of recurring cardiac events. Despite the considerable advancements in creating interventions, it is still necessary to determine the optimal intensity, duration, and delivery method for these interventions. Furthermore, it is crucial to carry out further investigations incorporating extended monitoring and assessment of clinical outcomes to get a more comprehensive comprehension of the efficacy of these therapies. Presenting the findings within the framework of "lifestyle medicine," this review seeks to offer a thorough synopsis of the most recent scientific investigations into the potential of behavioral modifications to lower cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Jiang
- Ezhou Central Hospital, Hubei Province 436000, China
| | - Mohammed A H Alnoud
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22020, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Muhammad Shehzad Khan
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Shatin City, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22080, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.
| | - Awaji Y Safhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferguson-Gow H, Nicholas O, Outhwaite C, Green R, Scheelbeek P, Eustachio Colombo P, Wheeler A, Taylor A, Dangour AD, Mace G, Pearson RG. Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain. Wellcome Open Res 2024; 7:147. [PMID: 38504774 PMCID: PMC10948972 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17698.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A shift toward human diets that include more fruit and vegetables, and less meat is a potential pathway to improve public health and reduce food system-related greenhouse gas emissions. Associated changes in land use could include conversion of grazing land into horticulture, which makes more efficient use of land per unit of dietary energy and frees-up land for other uses. Methods Here we use Great Britain as a case study to estimate potential impacts on biodiversity from converting grazing land to a mixture of horticulture and natural land covers by fitting species distribution models for over 800 species, including pollinating insects and species of conservation priority. Results Across several land use scenarios that consider the current ratio of domestic fruit and vegetable production to imports, our statistical models suggest a potential for gains to biodiversity, including a tendency for more species to gain habitable area than to lose habitable area. Moreover, the models suggest that climate change impacts on biodiversity could be mitigated to a degree by land use changes associated with dietary shifts. Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates that options exist for changing agricultural land uses in a way that can generate win-win-win outcomes for biodiversity, adaptation to climate change and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ferguson-Gow
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, Greater London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Owen Nicholas
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, Greater London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte Outhwaite
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, Greater London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Rosie Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, Greater London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Pauline Scheelbeek
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, Greater London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Patricia Eustachio Colombo
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, Greater London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amber Wheeler
- The Food Foundation, London, Greater London, SW9 7QD, UK
| | - Anna Taylor
- The Food Foundation, London, Greater London, SW9 7QD, UK
| | - Alan D Dangour
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, Greater London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Georgina Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, Greater London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard G Pearson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, Greater London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zare M, Shoaei N, Karimian J, Nouri M, Zare S, Leilami K, Shateri Z, Sarbakhsh P, Eftekhari MH, Pourghassem Gargari B. Effect of a plant-based diet on oxidative stress biomarkers in male footballers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3700. [PMID: 38355662 PMCID: PMC10866931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper nutrition plays a vital role in modulating oxidative status. There is an increasing popularity of plant-based dietary patterns among athletes. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the plant-based diet index (PDI) score among male footballers and their non-athlete controls, as well as its relationship with oxidative biomarkers by evaluating the urinary excretion of F2alpha-isoprostane (F2a-IP) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). A group of footballers (n = 45) and a healthy non-athlete group (n = 45) were selected. The two groups were matched based on body mass index (BMI) and age. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of the subjects was 22.88 (2.41) years, and their BMI was 22.08 (1.35) kg/m2. Anthropometric indices were evaluated, and fasting morning urine samples were analyzed to measure oxidative biomarkers. The PDI, unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI), and healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) were calculated using valid food frequency questionnaire data. Generalized estimating equation models were used for all analyses. Compared to the non-athlete group, the PDI score was significantly greater in the footballer group (β = 9.8; P < 0.001), while the differences between the two groups in uPDI and hPDI scores were not significant. Overall, footballers consumed more plant-based foods. By examining the relationship between dietary indices and oxidative biomarkers, only a negative association was observed between PDI score and F2a-IP level (β = -1.25; P = 0.03). Based on the results, footballers were more adherent to a plant-based diet than non-athletes. In addition, it seems that following plant-based diets (the higher PDI) may exert beneficial effects on lowering F2a-IP levels due to improving the body's antioxidant status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Zare
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Shoaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jahangir Karimian
- Department of General Courses, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Zare
- Nursing Department, Eghlid Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eghlid, Iran
| | - Kimia Leilami
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bruns A, Greupner T, Nebl J, Hahn A. Plant-based diets and cardiovascular risk factors: a comparison of flexitarians, vegans and omnivores in a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38347653 PMCID: PMC10860304 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing trend towards conscious and sustainable dietary choices has led to increased adoption of flexitarian diets, characterised by plant-based eating habits with occasional consumption of meat and processed meat products. However, the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with flexitarian diets compared to both vegans and omnivores remain underexplored. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 94 healthy participants aged 25-45 years, categorized into long-term flexitarians (FXs ≤ 50 g/day of meat and meat products, n = 32), vegans (Vs, no animal products, n = 33), and omnivores (OMNs ≥ 170 g/day of meat and meat products, n = 29) were included. Various CVD risk factors were measured, including fasting blood samples for metabolic biomarkers, body composition analysis via bioimpedance, blood pressure measurements, arterial stiffness evaluated through pulse wave velocity (PWV) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity was determined using browser-based calculations (MetS-scores). Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), diet quality was calculated with the Healthy Eating Index-flexible (HEI-Flex), while physical activity levels were recorded using the validated Freiburger questionnaire. RESULTS The data showed that FXs and Vs had more beneficial levels of insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol compared to OMNs. Notably, FXs revealed the most favorable MetS-score results based on both BMI and waistline, and better PWV values than Vs and OMNs. In addition, FXs and Vs reported higher intake rates of vegetables, fruit, nuts/seeds and plant-based milk alternatives. CONCLUSION The flexitarian diet appears to confer cardiovascular benefits. While Vs had the most favorable results overall, this study supports that reducing meat and processed meat products intake, as in flexitarianism, may contribute to CVD risk factor advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bruns
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30159, Germany
| | - Theresa Greupner
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30159, Germany
| | - Josefine Nebl
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30159, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30159, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Habumugisha T, Engebretsen IMS, Måren IE, Kaiser CWM, Dierkes J. Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects on protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:277-301. [PMID: 37236631 PMCID: PMC10859689 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Consumers are increasingly encouraged to reduce meat and dairy consumption. However, few meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition are available. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy consumption on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition in adults aged ≥ 45 years. DATA SOURCES The MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were searched up to November 24, 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Randomized controlled trials reporting protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition were included. DATA ANALYSIS Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as the mean difference (MD) with 95%CI. Heterogeneity was assessed and quantified using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. In total, 19 RCTs with a median duration of 12 weeks (range, 4-24 weeks) and a total enrollment of 1475 participants were included. Participants who consumed meat- and/or dairy-reduced diets had a significantly lower protein intake than those who consumed control diets (9 RCTs; MD, -14 g/d; 95%CI, -20 to -8; I2 = 81%). Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption had no significant effect on body weight (14 RCTs; MD, -1.2 kg; 95%CI, -3 to 0.7; I2 = 12%), body mass index (13 RCTs; MD, -0.3 kg/m2; 95%CI, -1 to 0.4; I2 = 34%), waist circumference (9 RCTs; MD, -0.5 cm; 95%CI, -2.1 to 1.1; I2 = 26%), amount of body fat (8 RCTs; MD, -1.0 kg; 95%CI, -3.0 to 1.0; I2 = 48%), or lean body mass (9 RCTs; MD, -0.4 kg; 95%CI, -1.5 to 0.7; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION Reduction of meat and/or dairy appears to reduce protein intake. There is no evidence of a significant impact on anthropometric values or body composition. More long-term intervention studies with defined amounts of meat and dairy are needed to investigate the long-term effects on nutrient intakes and health outcomes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020207325.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theogene Habumugisha
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Nutrition, Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Centre for Nutrition, Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Su YC, Xie JS, Jan RH, Hsieh CJ. Association between a maternal vegetarian diet during pregnancy and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14052. [PMID: 38146115 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is rising globally, with genetics and environmental factors both playing crucial roles. Dietary habits during pregnancy are linked to children's allergic disease risk. However, limited studies have explored the association between maternal vegetarian diets during pregnancy and child AD. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal vegetarian diets during pregnancy and the occurrence of AD in children. METHODS In this study, the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS) database was used, comprising a representative national birth cohort of infants born in Taiwan in 2005. Of 24,200 mother-child pairs in the database, 20,172 completed face-to-face interviews at 6 and 18 months. Employing a 1:10 matching strategy based on maternal age, education level, and child sex, 408 mothers who followed a vegetarian diet during pregnancy were matched with 4080 nonvegetarian mothers. This resulted in a final dataset of 4488 subjects. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between maternal vegetarian diets during pregnancy and the occurrence of AD in children. RESULTS Among the TBCS participants, there were 292 (1.8%) mothers who adhered to lacto-ovo vegetarianism and 116 (0.7%) mothers who adhered to veganism, totaling 408 (2.4%) vegetarians during pregnancy. Compared to children of nonvegetarian mothers, children of mothers who followed a vegetarian diet during pregnancy showed a lower risk of developing AD before 18 months of age (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.45-0.93, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION This study suggests that a vegetarian diet during pregnancy may lower the risk of AD in children. It is essential to carry out long-term follow-up to fully understand the impact of a mother's diet on allergic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Su
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shan Xie
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hwa Jan
- Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rizzo G, Baroni L, Bonetto C, Visaggi P, Orazzini M, Solinas I, Guidi G, Pugliese J, Scaramuzza G, Ovidi F, Buselli I, Bellini M, Savarino EV, de Bortoli N. The Role of a Plant-Only (Vegan) Diet in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Online Survey of the Italian General Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:4725. [PMID: 38004119 PMCID: PMC10674515 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between food and the pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is unclear. There are few data on the impact of dietary habits on GERD symptoms and on the incidence of GERD in subjects undergoing plant-based diets. In this study, we investigated the association between diet and GERD, using data collected through an online survey of the Italian general population. In total, 1077 subjects participated in the study. GERD was defined according to the Montreal Consensus. For all subjects age, gender, body mass index (BMI), marital status, education, occupation, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits were recorded. All participants also completed the SF-36 questionnaire on Quality of Life. A total of 402 subjects (37.3%) were vegans and 675 (62.7%) non-vegans. The prevalence of GERD in the total population was 9%. Subjects with GERD-related symptoms recorded a worse quality of life according to SF-36 analysis (p < 0.05 for all dimensions). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, participants undergoing a vegan diet had a significantly lower risk of GERD (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.81, p = 0.006). These findings should be taken into account to inform the lifestyle management of GERD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, 30171 Venice, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Pierfrancesco Visaggi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Mattia Orazzini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Irene Solinas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Giada Guidi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Jessica Pugliese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Giulia Scaramuzza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Filippo Ovidi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Irene Buselli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
| | - Edoardo V. Savarino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy;
| | - Nicola de Bortoli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.V.); (M.O.); (I.S.); (G.G.); (J.P.); (G.S.); (F.O.); (I.B.); (M.B.); (N.d.B.)
- NUTRAFOOD, Interdepartmental Center for Nutraceutical Research and Nutrition for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Benedetto L, Sabato I, Costanza C, Gagliano A, Germanò E, Vetri L, Roccella M, Parisi L, Scaffidi Abbate C, Ingrassia M. Diet-Related Attitudes, Beliefs, and Well-Being in Adolescents with a Vegetarian Lifestyle. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2885. [PMID: 37958029 PMCID: PMC10650094 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetarianism can meet healthy, ethical, or ecological values (such as equality and protection of animals or the environment). At the same time, it can represent a response to the need for self-determination in adolescence. Furthermore, some studies show vegetarians have greater depressive risk and a lower sense of body satisfaction. Considering the spread of non-meat diets in the Western world, researchers have investigated the benefits and risks to physical and psychological health. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on factors influencing adolescent's vegetarian diet-related attitudes. Through self-administered loosely structured interviews, this research investigated factors potentially associated with vegetarian choices in adolescence. It checked (a) gender differences in vegetarian choices; (b) religious, familial, ethical, or health factors implied in vegetarian choices; and (c) indicators of well-being among young vegetarians. The findings suggest that for our sample, non-vegetarians have lower scores on health-related questions than others, while for vegetarian adolescents, the benefits of vegetarianism mainly depend on their ethical stances, beliefs, and values. Conversely, it is unrelated to factors such as the desire to lose weight, dissatisfaction about one's body shape, or depressive feelings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Benedetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (I.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Ilenia Sabato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (I.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Carola Costanza
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonella Gagliano
- Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Eva Germanò
- Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Luigi Vetri
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Michele Roccella
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.); (L.P.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Lucia Parisi
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.); (L.P.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Costanza Scaffidi Abbate
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.); (L.P.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Massimo Ingrassia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (I.S.); (M.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Elhalis H, See XY, Osen R, Chin XH, Chow Y. Significance of Fermentation in Plant-Based Meat Analogs: A Critical Review of Nutrition, and Safety-Related Aspects. Foods 2023; 12:3222. [PMID: 37685155 PMCID: PMC10486689 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based meat analogs have been shown to cause less harm for both human health and the environment compared to real meat, especially processed meat. However, the intense pressure to enhance the sensory qualities of plant-based meat alternatives has caused their nutritional and safety aspects to be overlooked. This paper reviews our current understanding of the nutrition and safety behind plant-based meat alternatives, proposing fermentation as a potential way of overcoming limitations in these aspects. Plant protein blends, fortification, and preservatives have been the main methods for enhancing the nutritional content and stability of plant-based meat alternatives, but concerns that include safety, nutrient deficiencies, low digestibility, high allergenicity, and high costs have been raised in their use. Fermentation with microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Neurospora intermedia, and Rhizopus oryzae improves digestibility and reduces allergenicity and antinutritive factors more effectively. At the same time, microbial metabolites can boost the final product's safety, nutrition, and sensory quality, although some concerns regarding their toxicity remain. Designing a single starter culture or microbial consortium for plant-based meat alternatives can be a novel solution for advancing the health benefits of the final product while still fulfilling the demands of an expanding and sustainable economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne Chow
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (H.E.); (X.Y.S.); (R.O.); (X.H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alfaro Gómez M, Fernández-Santos MDR, Jurado-Campos A, Soria-Meneses PJ, Montoro Angulo V, Soler AJ, Garde JJ, Rodríguez-Robledo V. On Males, Antioxidants and Infertility (MOXI): Certitudes, Uncertainties and Trends. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1626. [PMID: 37627621 PMCID: PMC10451353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility (MI) involves various endogenous and exogenous facts. These include oxidative stress (OS), which is known to alter several physiological pathways and it is estimated to be present at high levels in up to 80% of infertile men. That is why since the late 20th century, the relationship between OS and MI has been widely studied. New terms have emerged, such as Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI), which is proposed as a new category to define infertile men with high OS levels. Another important term is MOXI: Male, Antioxidants, and Infertility. This term refers to the hypothesis that antioxidants could improve male fertility without the use of assisted reproductive technology. However, there are no evidence-based antioxidant treatments that directly improve seminal parameters or birth ratio. In this regard, there is controversy about their use. While certain scientists argue against their use due to the lack of results, others support this use because of their safety profile and low price. Some uncertainties related to the use of antioxidants for treating MI are their questionable efficacy or the difficulties in knowing their correct dosage. In addition, the lack of quality methods for OS detection can lead to excessive antioxidant supplementation, resulting in "reductive stress". Another important problem is that, although the inflammatory process is interdependent and closely linked to OS, it is usually ignored. To solve these uncertainties, new trends have recently emerged. These include the use of molecules with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, which are also able to specifically target the reproductive tissue; as well as the use of new methods that allow for reliable quantification of OS and a quality diagnosis. This review aims to elucidate the main uncertainties about MOXI and to outline the latest trends in research to develop effective therapies with clinically relevant outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfaro Gómez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
| | - María del Rocío Fernández-Santos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Alejandro Jurado-Campos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Pedro Javier Soria-Meneses
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Vidal Montoro Angulo
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Ana Josefa Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - José Julián Garde
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Robledo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jeong J, Lim K, Shin S. The association between meat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in Korean men using the Framingham risk score: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1158-1166. [PMID: 36849318 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research suggests that meat intake may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but most studies take place in Western countries, where the types and amount of meat products consumed differ from those in Asian countries. We aimed to identify the association between meat intake and CHD risk in Korean male adults, using the Framingham risk score. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Health Examinees (HEXA) study, including 13,293 Korean male adults. We estimated the association of meat intake with ≥20% 10-year CHD risk using Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subjects with the highest total meat intake had a 53% (model 4: HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.05-2.21) increased 10-year CHD risk compared to those with the lowest intake. Those with the highest red meat intake had a 55% (model 3: HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.16-2.06) increased 10-year CHD risk compared to those with the lowest intake. No association was observed between poultry or processed meat intake and 10-year CHD risk. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of total meat and red meat was associated with a higher risk of CHD in Korean male adults. Further studies are needed to provide criteria for the appropriate meat intake by meat type to reduce CHD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Key MN, Szabo-Reed AN. Impact of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2495. [PMID: 37299458 PMCID: PMC10255782 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to preserve cognitive function and protect brain structure from the effects of the aging process and neurodegenerative disease is the goal of non-pharmacologic, lifestyle interventions focused on brain health. This review examines, in turn, current diet and exercise intervention trends and the collective progress made toward understanding their impact on cognition and brain health. The diets covered in this review include the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, and weight loss management. The exercise approaches covered in this review include endurance, resistance, combined exercise programs, yoga, tai chi, and high-intensity interval training. Although valuable evidence is building concerning how diet and exercise influence cognitive performance and brain structure, many of the open questions in the field are concerned with why we see these effects. Therefore, more strategically designed intervention studies are needed to reveal the likely multiple mechanisms of action in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickeal N. Key
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA;
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Amanda N. Szabo-Reed
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hargreaves SM, Rosenfeld DL, Moreira AVB, Zandonadi RP. Plant-based and vegetarian diets: an overview and definition of these dietary patterns. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1109-1121. [PMID: 36681744 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to present an overview of the definitions of "plant-based and "vegetarian diets" adopted by different organizations worldwide, proposing new standard definitions and discussing the notion of vegetarianism as a restrictive dietary pattern. METHODS An extensive literature review on the different definitions of vegetarian and plant-based diets was conducted. Definitions of different international vegetarian and vegan organizations were also taken into account. Objective definitions for vegetarian and plant-based diets, as well as for their subcategories, were proposed. Other aspects related to how vegetarian diets are viewed and defined were also discussed. RESULTS We proposed that a vegetarian diet should be defined as "a dietary pattern that excludes meat, meat-derived foods, and, to different extents, other animal products". This definition would include, among others, ovolactovegetarian and vegan diets. The proposed definition for a plant-based diet was "a dietary pattern in which foods of animal origin are totally or mostly excluded". Other types of diets, such as flexitarian and pescetarian diets, could be considered plant-based. A vegetarian diet should not be considered restrictive. Instead, terms such as alternative or non-conventional could be used to define it and to distinguish it from the conventional diet adopted by most of the Western population. CONCLUSION This paper was able to elaborate objective definitions of vegetarian and plant-based diets. Standardizing nomenclatures may reduce misinterpretation and confusion in this field of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shila Minari Hargreaves
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel L Rosenfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ando' A, Passariello G, Zennaro A. From the need to the knowledge. Feeding emotions and thoughts: Assessing emotion regulation strategies in food tribes. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:212-229. [PMID: 36210528 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Some people choose to follow a certain dietary habit because they are guided by strong beliefs, but also to pursue a healthy lifestyle. Food tribes are defined as social groups sharing common values and beliefs that underlie food and lifestyle choices. The current study aimed to investigate potential differences in emotion regulation between specific food tribes, and when comparing food tribes to people who conversely do not follow a dietary habit. Specifically, we examined the presence of rumination, psychological inflexibility, and emotional contagion as components of emotion dysregulation. A Google form was developed to obtain all the information needed to respond to our research questions and goals, and investigate the following food groups: Veganism, Fruitarianism, Raw Food Diet, Paleodiet, Blood Type group, Breatharianism, Macrobiotic Diet, and Other. The final sample consisted of 378 healthy subjects (117 males, 258 females, 3 other) ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The first part of Google form consisted of general questions about the participant's dietary habits while the second part included specific questionnaires assessing the psychological constructs we investigated. Vegan people were less conditioned by others in their food choices when compared to the other food tribes. The Paleodiet group associated its food choice with health reasons as well as the Blood Type group. Differences were found in the presence of cognitive inflexibility and rumination, reflective thinking, emotional dysregulation, emotional contagion and also in the representation of their real and ideal (food) communities. Clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ando'
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Assessment of Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in Prepubertal Children following Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030682. [PMID: 36978931 PMCID: PMC10044729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidant-antioxidant balance is crucial for maintaining one’s health, and the diet is possibly one of the most important factors affecting this balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the oxidant-antioxidant balance in children on a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. The study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2021. The concentrations of total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced (GSH), and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) and calprotectin were measured in serum samples of 72 healthy prepubertal children (32 vegetarians and 40 omnivores). The oxidative stress index (OSI) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (R-index) were calculated. Children on a vegetarian diet had significantly lower median values of TOC, GSH, and GSSG, and higher TAC compared with the omnivores. OSI was significantly lower in vegetarians, while R-index, as well as median values of CRP and calprotectin did not differ between both groups of children. Significant negative correlations were observed between TOC and TAC levels in the whole group of children and in vegetarians. GSH and GSSG levels correlated positively in the groups of vegetarians, omnivores, and in all the children. There were significant positive correlations between TOC and GSH, as well as GSSG levels in all the studied groups of children. Our study results suggest that the vegetarian model of nutrition allows to maintain the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the serum of prepubertal children.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kemper JA, Benson-Rea M, Young J, Seifert M. Cutting down or eating up: Examining meat consumption, reduction, and sustainable food beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
19
|
Cassotta M, Cianciosi D, De Giuseppe R, Navarro-Hortal MD, Armas Diaz Y, Forbes-Hernández TY, Pifarre KT, Pascual Barrera AE, Grosso G, Xiao J, Battino M, Giampieri F. Possible role of nutrition in the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer: A focus on human studies. Nutrition 2023; 110:111980. [PMID: 36965240 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at substantially high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). IBD-associated CRC accounts for roughly 10% to 15% of the annual mortality in patients with IBD. IBD-related CRC also affects younger patients compared with sporadic CRC, with a 5-y survival rate of 50%. Regardless of medical therapies, the persistent inflammatory state characterizing IBD raises the risk for precancerous changes and CRC, with additional input from several elements, including genetic and environmental risk factors, IBD-associated comorbidities, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbiota modifications. It is well known that nutritional habits and dietary bioactive compounds can influence IBD-associated inflammation, microbiome abundance and composition, oxidative stress balance, and gut permeability. Additionally, in recent years, results from broad epidemiologic and experimental studies have associated certain foods or nutritional patterns with the risk for colorectal neoplasia. The present study aimed to review the possible role of nutrition in preventing IBD-related CRC, focusing specifically on human studies. It emerges that nutritional interventions based on healthy, nutrient-dense dietary patterns characterized by a high intake of fiber, vegetables, fruit, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a low amount of animal proteins, processed foods, and alcohol, combined with probiotic supplementation have the potential of reducing IBD-activity and preventing the risk of IBD-related CRC through different mechanisms, suggesting that targeted nutritional interventions may represent a novel promising approach for the prevention and management of IBD-associated CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cassotta
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Maria Dolores Navarro-Hortal
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú," Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Yasmany Armas Diaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tamara Yuliett Forbes-Hernández
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú," Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Kilian Tutusaus Pifarre
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain; Project Department, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Bié, Angola
| | - Alina Eugenia Pascual Barrera
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain; Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peng Y, Zhao D, Li M, Wen X, Ni Y. Production and functional characteristics of low-sodium high-potassium soy protein for the development of healthy soy-based foods. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1332-1340. [PMID: 36442573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The plant-based products that are mainly produced by soy protein isolate (SPI) present significantly higher sodium (Na) content than the corresponding animal-based products. Accordingly, the production of low-sodium soy protein ingredients becomes a challenging task. For this purpose, alternative soy fractionation processes were investigated, and the use of KOH as the replacement for NaOH has been established to produce soy protein fractions (SPFs). The obtained MF-K contained 0.2 mg sodium and 24 mg potassium per 100 g of fraction, which was 3 % of the sodium content in the SPI, and the potassium content was over 10 times higher than SPI. Besides, using KOH increased the protein content of SPFs by almost 7 %, as well as their water holding capacity (WHC) and thermal stability; however, the yields of SPFs were dropped by around 4-8 % while the protein solubility of SPFs was reduced companied with the application of KOH. The fractionation processes mainly affected the protein composition, powder morphology, and viscosity of SPFs, while the sodium and potassium content showed limited impacts on the variations. Overall, the application of KOH during different fractionation procedures provided the possibility to produce low-sodium high‑potassium soy protein ingredients for the development of healthy soy-based foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mo Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ghadiri M, Cheshmazar E, Shateri Z, Gerami S, Nouri M, Gargari BP. Healthy plant-based diet index as a determinant of bone mineral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: A case-control study. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1083685. [PMID: 36712516 PMCID: PMC9879057 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1083685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association between plant-based diet indices and bone mineral density (BMD) of women with osteoporosis have not been studied in Iranian women. This study aimed to evaluate the association between plant-based diet indices and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Materials and methods The present research was a case-control study conducted on 131 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis/osteopenia and 131 healthy women. The BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae was measured by the Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA) method. Participants were asked to complete a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We used three versions of plant-based diet indices, including plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). Two different multivariable logistic regression was used for the crude and adjusted model to assess the relationship between PDI, hPDI, and uPDI with odds of femoral and lumbar BMD. Results There was a reverse association between last tertile of hPDI with femoral BMD abnormality in the both adjusted model [Model 1: odds ratio (OR): 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19-0.63 and Model 2: OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15-0.58, respectively]. Furthermore, we found a reverse relationship between hPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality in the first adjusted model (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.67). On the other hand, a negative association was observed in the second and last tertile of hPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24-0.90 and OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17-0.64, respectively). According to the results, the association of femoral BMD abnormality in the last tertile of uPDI compared to the first tertile in the both adjusted models (Model 1: OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.52-5.36 and Model 2: OR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.37-5.06) were significant. Also, we observed a positive relationship between the last tertile of uPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality compared to the lowest tertile in the both adjusted models (Model 1; OR: 4.16; 95% CI: 2.20-7.85, Model 2; OR: 4.23; 95% CI: 2.19-8.19). Conclusion Overall, the findings indicated that in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, a healthy plant-based diet could prevent bone loss, and an unhealthy plant-based diet might have detrimental effects on BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghadiri
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elhameh Cheshmazar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Gerami
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Mehran Nouri,
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,*Correspondence: Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, ,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, Rinaldi L, Criscuolo L, Di Martino A, Albanese G, Vetrano E, Catalini C, Sardu C, Docimo G, Marfella R, Sasso FC. Current Knowledge on the Pathophysiology of Lean/Normal-Weight Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010658. [PMID: 36614099 PMCID: PMC9820420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early times, being overweight and obesity have been associated with impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, a less frequent adult-onset diabetes in low body mass index (BMI) people has been known for many decades. This form is mainly found in developing countries, whereby the largest increase in diabetes incidence is expected in coming years. The number of non-obese patients with T2D is also on the rise among non-white ethnic minorities living in high-income Western countries due to growing migratory flows. A great deal of energy has been spent on understanding the mechanisms that bind obesity to T2D. Conversely, the pathophysiologic features and factors driving the risk of T2D development in non-obese people are still much debated. To reduce the global burden of diabetes, we need to understand why not all obese people develop T2D and not all those with T2D are obese. Moreover, through both an effective prevention and the implementation of an individualized clinical management in all people with diabetes, it is hoped that this will help to reduce this global burden. The purpose of this review is to take stock of current knowledge about the pathophysiology of diabetes not associated to obesity and to highlight which aspects are worthy of future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Criscuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Catalini
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
- Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, I–80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marini HR, Micali A, Puzzolo D, Minutoli L, Antonuccio P. Varicocele, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: From Mechanisms of Action in Animal Models to Therapeutic Application. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416118. [PMID: 36555779 PMCID: PMC9784674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is one of the main causes of infertility in men, thus representing an important clinical problem worldwide. Inflammation contributes mainly to its pathogenesis, even if the exact pathophysiological mechanisms that correlate varicocele and infertility are still unknown. In addition, oxidative stress, apoptosis, hypoxia, and scrotal hyperthermia seem to play important roles. So far, the treatment of varicocele and the care of the fertility-associated problems still represent an area of interest for researchers, although many advances have occurred over the past few years. Recent experimental animal studies, as well as the current epidemiological evidence in humans, demonstrated that many functional foods of natural origin and nutraceuticals that are particularly abundant in the Mediterranean diet showed anti-inflammatory effects in varicocele. The aim of the present narrative review is to mainly evaluate recent experimental animal studies regarding the molecular mechanisms of varicocele and the state of the art about possible therapeutic approaches. As the current literature demonstrates convincing associations between diet, food components and fertility, the rational intake of nutraceuticals, which are particularly abundant in foods typical of plant-based eating patterns, may be a reliable therapeutic supportive care against varicocele and, consequently, could be very useful in the cure of fertility-associated problems in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Ryan Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-3652
| | - Pietro Antonuccio
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oh J, Oda K, Dang K, Ibrayev Y, Fraser GE, Knutsen SF. Lower Compliance with Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines Among Vegetarians in North America. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2022; 43:783-800. [PMID: 35759069 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable through regular screening and follow-up. However, the utilization of cervical cancer screening may vary widely based on individual lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the adherence to cervical cancer screening guidelines in various dietary groups. Our study included 21,376 women from the United States and Canada, aged 30-69 from the Adventist Health Study-2, a large population-based prospective cohort study. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to determine the prevalence ratios of cervical cancer screening behavior in participants following five different dietary patterns (non-vegetarians, semi-vegetarians, pesco-vegetarians, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and vegans). All analyses were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, personal income, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, exercise, and family history of all female cancer. Vegetarians, in general, had similar screening prevalence as non-vegetarians. However, vegans were 16% less likely to have had a Pap test compared to non-vegetarians (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.81-0.86). Women who were younger, Black, married, more educated, had a family history of all female cancer, had a higher income, and exercise reported higher compliance to a Pap test. It remains to be seen whether vegan women in Adventist Health-2 experience a higher incidence of cervical cancer or are diagnosed at a later stage compared to non-vegetarians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Oh
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall #2008, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Keiji Oda
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall #2008, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Dang
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall #2008, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yermek Ibrayev
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall #2008, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall #2008, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Synnove F Knutsen
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall #2008, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Verain MCD, Dagevos H. Comparing meat abstainers with avid meat eaters and committed meat reducers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1016858. [PMID: 36438730 PMCID: PMC9686341 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1016858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifting our eating patterns toward less animal-based and more plant-based diets is urgently needed to counter climate change, address public health issues, and protect animal welfare. Although most consumers agree that these are important topics, many consumers are not particularly willing to decrease the meat intensity of their diets. In supporting consumers to shift their diets, it is important to understand consumers' attitudes, motivations, and preferences related to meat consumption and to take differences across consumers on these aspects into account. This study aims to in-depth research meat abstainers (vegetarians and vegans), and to explore how and to what extent they differ from avid meat eaters and committed meat reducers in terms of their (1) socio-demographic characteristics, (2) attitudes and norms, (3) food choice motives, and (4) food preferences and behavior. A survey has been conducted among a representative sample of Dutch adults. Comparisons show that meat abstainers (N = 198) differ from committed meat reducers (N = 171) and avid meat eaters (N = 344) on the four included categories of variables. In terms of demographics, we largely confirm the stereotype of vegans and vegetarians being highly educated females. In attitudes and norms, large differences exist with meat abstainers being least pro-meat and avid meat eaters being most pro-meat. Food choice motives confirm this, with meat abstainers valuing animal welfare and a good feeling higher than committed meat reducers and avid meat eaters. Finally, differences across the groups are most pronounced in terms of their food preferences and consumption, with a much higher appreciation of plant-based protein sources among meat abstainers, a high appreciation of non-meat animal-based proteins across committed meat reducers and a high appreciation of meat products among avid meat eaters. This shows that although differences across the groups are gradual and expected, in terms of reduction motivations and preferences of protein sources the three groups (frequent meat consumption-meat reduction-meat avoidance) are very distinct, which makes it unlikely to expect big shifts from one group to another in the short term.
Collapse
|
26
|
Neumann M, Wirtz MA, Lutz G, Ernesti A, Edelhäuser F. Why context matters when changing the diet: A narrative review of placebo, nocebo, and psychosocial context effects and implications for outcome research and nutrition counselling. Front Nutr 2022; 9:937065. [PMID: 36386910 PMCID: PMC9650541 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.937065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Placebo (PE) and nocebo effects (NE) have been subjects of systematic research in medicine and psychotherapy for many decades to distinguish between the (specific) pharmacological effect of medication and the (unspecific) effect of the context. Despite this significant research, the awareness, operationalisation, and reflection of the multiplicity of PE, NE, and psychosocial context effects (PSCE) is currently limited when researching outcomes of diet changes in studies without randomisation and placebo control. This neglection is critical as it could systematically influence outcomes by moderating and mediating them and thus reducing the validity and evidence base of these studies. Therefore, we performed a (non-systematic) narrative review (NR) on the following objectives: (1) present a concise overview about the relevance of PE, NE, and PSCE in medicine and nutrition research; (2) review the current state of research on reflecting context effects when studying diet changes; (3) provide useful theoretical foundations via consideration and integration of micro- and macro context effects; (4) operationalise as hypotheses the potential PE, NE, and PSCE which are specific for researching diet changes; and (5) derive their impact for future research as well as for nutrition counselling. The electronic search in this NR for objective (2) identified N = 5 publications and for objective (4) we found N = 61 articles retrieved in the first round of search, additional references were identified by a manual and snowball search among the cited references resulting finally in N = 37. This NR offers a synoptical basis to foster awareness and operationalisation of a variety of PE, NE, and PSCE. Interdisciplinary research teams should monitor these factors using, e.g., qualitative, mixed-method studies, process evaluation, item bank approaches, moderator and mediator analysis that might reveal substantially new insights, and outcomes of relevance to science and nutrition counselling. Nevertheless, the present NR has several limitations, especially as it is non-systematic, because it is a very heterogeneous field of research, in which the topic we are investigating is usually regarded as marginal and subordinate. Therefore, future research should conduct systematic reviews and particularly theory-based primary studies (experimental research) on hypotheses of PE, NE, and PSCE in outcome research in diet changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Neumann
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Integrated Curriculum for Anthroposophic Medicine (ICURAM) and Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Lutz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Alina Ernesti
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Friedrich Edelhäuser
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Integrated Curriculum for Anthroposophic Medicine (ICURAM) and Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen B, Zeng J, Qin M, Xu W, Zhang Z, Li X, Xu S. The Association Between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Obesity and Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses From the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881901. [PMID: 35795587 PMCID: PMC9251425 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A wide range of health benefits are associated with consuming a diet high in plant-based foods. Diet quality can be accurately assessed using plant-based diet indices, however there is inadequate evidence that plant-based diet indices are linked to obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in Chinese cultures who have traditionally consumed plant-rich foods. Methods The data came from the China Nutrition and Health Survey. Overall, 11,580 adult participants were enrolled between 2004 and 2006 and followed up until 2009 or 2015 (follow-up rate: 73.4%). Dietary intake was assessed across three 24-h recalls, and two plant-based dietary indices [overall plant-based diet indice (PDI) and healthy plant-based diet indice (hPDI)] were calculated using China Food Composition Code and categorized into quintiles. The study's endpoints were overweight/obesity, hypertension, and T2D. The Hazard ratio (HR) and dose-response relationship were assessed using the Cox proportional risk model and restricted cubic splines. The areas under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the PDI and hPDI. Results During the median follow-up period of more than 10 years, 1,270 (33.4%), 1,509 (31.6%), and 720 (11.5%) participants developed overweight / obesity, hypertension, and T2D, respectively. The higher PDI score was linked with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity [HR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.55–0.93), P-trend <0.001], hypertension [HR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.51–0.79), P-trend <0.001], and T2D [HR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72–0.87), P-trend <0.001]. The hPDI score was inversely associated with overweight/obesity [HR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62–0.98), P-trend = 0.02] and T2D [HR: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75–0.93), P-trend = 0.001]. In the aged <55-year-old group, subgroup analysis indicated a significant negative association between PDI/hPDI and overweight/obesity, hypertension, and T2D. There was no significant difference in the areas under the curve of the fully adjusted obesity, hypertension, and diabetes prediction models between PDI and hPDI. Conclusion The PDI and hPDI scores were very similar in application in Chinese populations, and our findings highlight that adherence to overall plant-based diet index helps to reduce the risk of T2D, obesity, and hypertension in Chinese adults who habitually consume plant-based foods, especially for those aged <55 year. Further understanding of how plant-based diet quality is associated with chronic disease will be needed in the future, which will help develop dietary strategies to prevent diabetes, hypertension, and related chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Minghui Qin
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Art and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wenlei Xu
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaying Li
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoyong Xu
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoyong Xu
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dijkstra A, Rotelli V. Lowering Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption With Environmental, Animal Welfare, and Health Arguments in Italy: An Online Experiment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:877911. [PMID: 35664167 PMCID: PMC9159469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.877911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In addition to being a source of valuable nutrients, meat consumption has several negative consequences; for the environment, for animal welfare, and for human health. To persuade people to lower their meat consumption, it is assumed that the personal relevance of the topic of lowering meat consumption is important as it determines how people perceive the quality of the arguments. Method In an experimental exploratory field study (n = 139), participants recruited from the general Italian population were randomized to one of the four conditions with a text with pictures on the environmental, animal welfare, or health consequences of meat consumption, or a text on mustard (the control condition). The dependent variables were self-reported consumption of red meat and processed meat after 2 weeks. Personal relevance was assessed in the pre-test with self-reported meat consumption and intention. Results The interaction between pre-test meat consumption and condition was significant: In participants who scored high on pre-test meat consumption, the self-reported red meat consumption after 2 weeks in the health argument condition was significantly lower compared to the control condition and the environmental argument condition. The effects of pre-test intention as a moderator were less certain. Discussion The persuasive effects of the different arguments made a difference only in people who ate a relatively high level of meat in pre-test, and the type of arguments made a difference. Although the present outcomes are caused by the specific formulations of the arguments in this study, the results do show that it is relevant to choose the arguments carefully to ensure effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Dijkstra
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Valentina Rotelli
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brown L, Rose K, Campbell A. Healthy plant‐based diets and their short‐term effects on weight loss, nutrient intake and serum cholesterol levels. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:199-207. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brown
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life sciences Teesside University Middlesbrough UK
| | - Kelly Rose
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life sciences Teesside University Middlesbrough UK
- Fuse ‐ Centre for Translational Research in Public Health Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life sciences Teesside University Middlesbrough UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferguson-Gow H, Nicholas O, Outhwaite CL, Green R, Scheelbeek P, Eustachio Colombo P, Wheeler A, Taylor A, Dangour AD, Mace G, Pearson RG. Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17698.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A shift toward human diets that include more fruit and vegetables, and less meat is a potential pathway to improve public health and reduce food system-related greenhouse gas emissions. Associated changes in land use could include conversion of grazing land into horticulture, which makes more efficient use of land per unit of dietary energy and frees-up land for other uses. Methods: Here we use Great Britain as a case study to estimate potential impacts on biodiversity from converting grazing land to a mixture of horticulture and natural land covers by fitting species distribution models for over 800 species, including pollinating insects and species of conservation priority. Results: Across several land use scenarios that consider the current ratio of domestic fruit and vegetable production to imports, our statistical models suggest a potential for gains to biodiversity, including a tendency for more species to gain habitable area than to lose habitable area. Moreover, the models suggest that climate change impacts on biodiversity could be mitigated to a degree by land use changes associated with dietary shifts. Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates that options exist for changing agricultural land uses in a way that can generate win-win-win outcomes for biodiversity, adaptation to climate change and public health.
Collapse
|
31
|
Said T, Khalid A, Takhar K, Srinivasan S, Kaelber KK, Werner JJ. An Update on the Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Cardiometabolic Factors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-022-00689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
32
|
Grosso G, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Godos J, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F. Total, red and processed meat consumption and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:726-737. [PMID: 35291893 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat consumption has represented an important evolutionary step for humans. However, modern patterns of consumption, including excess intake, type of meat and cooking method have been the focus of attention as a potential cause of rise in non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total, red and processed meat with health outcomes and to assess the level of evidence by performing a systematic search of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Convincing evidence of the association between increased risk of (i) colorectal adenoma, lung cancer, CHD and stroke, (ii) colorectal adenoma, ovarian, prostate, renal and stomach cancers, CHD and stroke and (iii) colon and bladder cancer was found for excess intake of total, red and processed meat, respectively. Possible negative associations with other health outcomes have been reported. Excess meat consumption may be detrimental to health, with a major impact on cardiometabolic and cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Childhood and Adolescent Department, Rimini Women's Health, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione De Marchi, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Titta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico, Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vipin VA, Blesson CS, Yallampalli C. Maternal low protein diet and fetal programming of lean type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:185-202. [PMID: 35432755 PMCID: PMC8984567 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition is found to be the key factor that determines fetal health in utero and metabolic health during adulthood. Metabolic diseases have been primarily attributed to impaired maternal nutrition during pregnancy, and impaired nutrition has been an immense issue across the globe. In recent years, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportion and is a severe public health problem in many countries. Although plenty of research has already been conducted to tackle T2D which is associated with obesity, little is known regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of lean T2D, a variant of T2D. Recent studies have focused on the effects of epigenetic variation on the contribution of in utero origins of lean T2D, although other mechanisms might also contribute to the pathology. Observational studies in humans and experiments in animals strongly suggest an association between maternal low protein diet and lean T2D phenotype. In addition, clear sex-specific disease prevalence was observed in different studies. Consequently, more research is essential for the understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of lean T2D, which might help to develop better disease prevention and treatment strategies. This review examines the role of protein insufficiency in the maternal diet as the central driver of the developmental programming of lean T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidyadharan Alukkal Vipin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Chellakkan Selvanesan Blesson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Family Fertility Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Chandra Yallampalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Diet and Male Fertility: The Impact of Nutrients and Antioxidants on Sperm Energetic Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052542. [PMID: 35269682 PMCID: PMC8910394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet might affect male reproductive potential, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in the modulation of sperm quality remain poorly understood. While a Western diet is considered a risk factor for male infertility, the Mediterranean diet seems to protect against male infertility; moreover, the role of a vegetarian habitus in the preservation of sperm quality is controversial. The aim of this review is to analyze the molecular effects of single nutrients on sperm quality, focusing on their involvement in biochemical mechanisms related to sperm bioenergetics. It appears that diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and low in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) negatively affect sperm quality, whereas unsaturated fatty acids supplementation ameliorates sperm quality. In fact, the administration of PUFA, especially omega-3 PUFA, determined an increase in mitochondrial energetic metabolism and a reduction in oxidative damage. Carbohydrates and proteins are also nutritional modulators of oxidative stress and testosterone levels, which are strictly linked to sperm mitochondrial function, a key element for sperm quality. Moreover, many dietary natural polyphenols differentially affect (positively or negatively) the mitochondrial function, depending on their concentration. We believe that an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for sperm quality will lead to more targeted and effective therapeutics for male infertility.
Collapse
|
35
|
Benefits of a plant-based diet and considerations for the athlete. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1163-1178. [PMID: 35150294 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Individuals may opt to follow a plant-based diet for a variety of reasons, such as religious practices, health benefits or concerns for animal or environmental welfare. Such diets offer a broad spectrum of health benefits including aiding in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. In addition to health benefits, a plant-based diet may provide performance-enhancing effects for various types of exercise due to high carbohydrate levels and the high concentration of antioxidants and phytochemicals found in a plant-based diet. However, some plant-based foods also contain anti-nutrional factors, such as phytate and tannins, which decrease the bioavailability of key nutrients, such as iron, zinc, and protein. Thus, plant-based diets must be carefully planned to ensure adequate intake and absorption of energy and all essential nutrients. The current narrative review summarizes the current state of the research concerning the implications of a plant-based diet for health and exercise performance. It also outlines strategies to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients, sources of hard-to-get nutrients, and sport supplements that could interest plant-based athletes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu L, Jiang H, Wang J, Xiao Y, Wang J. Efficacy of Wen-Dan Decoction in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28041. [PMID: 35029872 PMCID: PMC8735803 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a heart disease caused by myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis due to stenosis or occlusion of lumen caused by coronary atherosclerosis. It belongs to ischemic cardiomyopathy and is more common in clinic. Previous studies have shown that Wen-Dan Decoction (WDD) is safe and effective, but there is a lack of systematic reviews. The purpose of this study is to systematically study the efficacy of WDD in the treatment of patients with CHD. METHODS We will search the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Central, Chinese databases China Biomedical Literature, Wanfang Chinese digital periodical and conference database (Wanfang Database), China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and VIP Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP) from inception to August 2021. All published randomized controlled trials related to this study will be included. The ongoing or unpublished trials will be searched from National Institutes of Health clinical registry Clinical Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the Chinese clinical trial registration platform. Two researchers separately screened the literature and extracted data. The primary outcome is total effective rate. The RevMan V5.3 will be used to evaluate literature and data analysis synthesis. RESULTS This study will provide a reliable evidence-based basis for the clinical application of WDD in the treatment of patients with CHD. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of WDD for CHD will be evaluated. UNIQUE INPLASY NUMBER 2021110001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lufei Liu
- Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Heilongjiang Yongqing Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vahid F, Brito A, Le Coroller G, Vaillant M, Samouda H, Bohn T. Dietary Intake of Adult Residents in Luxembourg Taking Part in Two Cross-Sectional Studies-ORISCAV-LUX (2007-2008) and ORISCAV-LUX 2 (2016-2017). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124382. [PMID: 34959934 PMCID: PMC8706514 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A balanced diet is an important lifestyle component and has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. Objectives: To assess dietary intake of adult residents in Luxembourg taking part in two population-based cross-sectional studies (ORISCAV-LUX, 2007–2008 and ORISCAV-LUX 2, 2016–2017). Methods: Dietary intake of the study participants (1242 in 2007/08 and 1326 in 2016/17), 25–69 years old, were evaluated using food-frequency questionnaires (134 items in 2007/2008 and 174 items in 2016/2017) according to the French ANSES-CIQUAL food composition database. Both food-group- and nutrient-based analyses were conducted. Results: Dietary patterns in ORISCAV-LUX 2, 2016–2017, were characterized by an increase in the estimated marginal means (EMM) of the intake of energy, total fat, saturated fatty acids, alcohol, and decreased EMM of total carbohydrates, magnesium, and calcium compared to 2007/08. We also observed an increased EMM of the intake of protein-rich food items and ready-to-eat foods/fast foods, together with a decreased intake of grains, dairy products, and vegetables (all p-values <0.05, linear mixed models). The intake of most micronutrients was stable or slightly increased in ORISCAV-LUX 2 vs. ORISCAV-LUX, except for the drop in magnesium and calcium, and generally met recommendations, in particular, EFSA population reference intakes (PRI), except for vitamin D. Conclusions: Though most micronutrient recommendations were met, nutrient consumption in terms of high energy, total fat, and sodium, as well as low carbohydrates, were not aligned with recommendations for balanced eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Alex Brito
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomics Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gwenaëlle Le Coroller
- Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (G.L.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Michel Vaillant
- Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (G.L.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-621-216-637
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Louie F, Jacobs NFB, Yang LGL, Park C, Monnot AD, Bandara SB. A comparative evaluation of dietary exposure to glyphosate resulting from recommended U.S. diets. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112670. [PMID: 34774925 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since its commercial introduction in 1974, national and international regulatory agencies have consistently reported no human health concerns associated with the herbicide glyphosate when used according to label directions. However, in 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified glyphosate as a probable human carcinogen. Despite IARC being the sole outlier in its conclusion, dietary exposure to glyphosate remains a health concern to some members of the public. While glyphosate residues have been detected in foods, it is unclear whether a specific eating pattern substantially contributes to glyphosate exposure. Therefore, dietary glyphosate intake was determined for three eating patterns recommended in the U.S. The 95th percentile of glyphosate ingestion at 2,000 calories/day for adults for the U.S.-Style, Mediterranean-Style, and Vegetarian eating patterns ranged from 38 to 960, 39 to 1100, and 39 to 880 μg/day, respectively. No significant differences were observed in glyphosate intake between the dietary styles, and the 95th percentile glyphosate intakes were well below the current U.S. EPA chronic oral reference dose (RfD) of 0.1 mg/kg/day. Our data demonstrate that ingestion of certain high residue foods, particularly grains and legumes, is a driver of total dietary glyphosate body burden regardless of dietary style.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fian Louie
- Cardno ChemRisk; 235 Pine Street, Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94105, United States.
| | - Neva F B Jacobs
- Cardno ChemRisk; 2111 Wilson Blvd, Suite 200, Arlington, VA, 22201, United States.
| | - Lisa G L Yang
- Cardno ChemRisk; 235 Pine Street, Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94105, United States.
| | - Catherine Park
- Cardno ChemRisk; 235 Pine Street, Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94105, United States.
| | - Andrew D Monnot
- Cardno ChemRisk; 235 Pine Street, Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94105, United States.
| | - Suren B Bandara
- Cardno ChemRisk; 235 Pine Street, Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94105, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baune MC, Jeske AL, Profeta A, Smetana S, Broucke K, Van Royen G, Gibis M, Weiss J, Terjung N. Effect of plant protein extrudates on hybrid meatballs – Changes in nutritional composition and sustainability. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
40
|
Comparing Taste Detection Thresholds across Individuals Following Vegan, Vegetarian, or Omnivore Diets. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112704. [PMID: 34828985 PMCID: PMC8619387 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste perception plays an undisputed role in food choice, preference, and intake. Recent literature suggests that individual diet and taste sensitivity may have a reciprocal relationship, with evidence highlighting that specific diets can alter taste sensitivities. Commensurate with an increase in the prevalence of plant-based diets is the importance of investigating if following a vegetarian or vegan diet is associated with altered taste sensitivities. In this study, the taste detection thresholds for six compounds (i.e., sweet-sucrose, salty-sodium chloride, sour-citric acid, umami-monosodium glutamate, MSG, bitter-caffeine, and metallic-iron II sulphate heptahydrate) were measured for a total of 80 healthy, New Zealand European females aged 18-45 years old, who were categorised as 22 vegans, 23 vegetarians, and 35 omnivores. Each participant's detection thresholds to these compounds were measured across two sessions, using an ascending Method of Limits with two-alternative-forced-choice presentations. The threshold data were analysed using both multivariate (i.e., principal component analysis) and univariate (i.e., ANCOVA) techniques to assess differences across the three types of diet. Multivariate analysis suggested that the omnivore group had distinct taste sensitivity patterns across the six compounds compared to the vegetarian or vegan group, which were characterised by relatively heightened sensitivity to metallic and lowered sensitivity to sweetness. Furthermore, the vegetarian group was shown to have a significantly lower detection threshold to bitterness (i.e., caffeine) relative to the other two groups (p < 0.001). While future study is required to investigate the cause-effect relationship between individual diet and taste sensitivities, the present study provides a systematic evaluation of taste sensitivities of individuals following distinct diets. This information may be valuable to future gustatory research as well as to food manufacturers.
Collapse
|
41
|
Havermans RC, Rutten G, Bartelet D. Adolescent's Willingness to Adopt a More Plant-Based Diet: A Theory-Based Interview Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:688131. [PMID: 34527686 PMCID: PMC8435572 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.688131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A plant-based diet is more sustainable, and research suggests that adolescents obtain health benefits from adopting a more plant-based diet (e.g., improved weight control, increased cardiovascular health). However, it is still unclear what factors promote/hinder their intention to attain such a dietary habit. The aim of the present study was to examine factors affecting adolescents' willingness to consume more plant-based foods. In a theory-based interview study, using the Reasoned Action Approach as framework, adolescents were interviewed concerning their reasons for their (un)willingness to adopt a more plant-based diet. A total of 11 adolescents (15/16 years old; 7 girls, 4 boys) were recruited and interviewed at two secondary schools in the Dutch Province of Limburg, the Netherlands. None of the interviewees reported being vegan/vegetarian/flexitarian. The interviewed adolescents overall expressed little interest in adopting a more plant-based diet. They appeared to have little knowledge of what would comprise a more plant-based diet and showed a lack of awareness of the benefits for personal and planet health. Further, most participants indicated lacking skills to prepare plant-based meals. Despite that, they felt confident they would be able to consume a much more plant-based diet for a definite period. Most importantly, the low intention to consume more plant-based food options was explained by the perceived (or expected) poor taste of these foods. We conclude that education on the plant-based diet (i.e., increasing awareness of the benefits, and skills to procure or prepare a plant-based meal) might increase both knowledge and plant-based food familiarity. The latter being important as food familiarity is key in promoting its acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco C Havermans
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands.,Chair Group Youth Food and Health, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Geert Rutten
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Dimona Bartelet
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Center for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gatto NM, Garcia-Cano J, Irani C, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Liu T, Chen Z, Paul J, Fraser G, Wang C, Lee GJ. Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function among Older Adults: The Adventist Health Study-2. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 40:197-214. [PMID: 34412570 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2021.1965939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We explored effects on cognitive function of following plant-based vegetarian compared with non-vegetarian dietary patterns in otherwise healthy older community-dwelling members of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort (n = 132). Cognition was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery; a principal components analysis derived processing speed, executive function, and memory/language factors. Mild memory impairment (MMI) (n = 26, 19.7%) was identified by memory tests. Vegetarians consumed (a) meats, fish, and dairy <1 time/month, (b) dairy ≥1 time/month and meats, and fish <1 time/month, or (c) fish ≥1 time/month, no limits on dairy, and meats <1 time/month. Dietary patterns were determined at baseline, for each decade, and at cognitive assessment; a diet stability score was calculated. Factor scores were not different between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, nor was dietary pattern associated with a lower odds of MMI. A more stable diet over the life course was associated with better memory/language [β = 0.021 SE(β) = 0.008; p = 0.01]. This exploratory study did not support differences in processing speed, executive function, or memory/language abilities between vegetarians and non-vegetarians but did suggest that a more stable dietary pattern which was characteristic of vegetarians was associated with better memory/language abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Gatto
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA.,School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Garcia-Cano
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Crissy Irani
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | | | - Tiantian Liu
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Paul
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gary Fraser
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Grace J Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Singh M, Trivedi N, Enamala MK, Kuppam C, Parikh P, Nikolova MP, Chavali M. Plant-based meat analogue (PBMA) as a sustainable food: a concise review. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
44
|
Deliens T, Mullie P, Clarys P. Plant-based dietary patterns in Flemish adults: a 10-year trend analysis. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:561-565. [PMID: 34213604 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the beneficial health effects of plant-based dietary patterns are evident, it is not clear if population-wide dietary patterns are shifting in a more plant-based direction. This study evaluated trends in dietary patterns among Flemish adults over a 10-year period. Furthermore, differences in socio-demographic characteristics between different dietary pattern groups were explored. METHODS Findings show that the vast majority of participants were omnivorous as measured at the different time points. The proportion of flexitarians increased over time, while the opposite was true for omnivores. The proportion of vegetarians and vegans, on the other hand, remained stable. Eating more plant-based diet was associated with female sex, younger age, higher education and living in urban areas. RESULTS Findings show that the vast majority of participants were omnivorous as measured at the different time points. The proportion of flexitarians increased over time, while the opposite was true for omnivores. The proportion of vegetarians and vegans, on the other hand, remained stable. Eating more plant-based diet was associated with female sex, younger age, higher education and living in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the stricter plant-based dietary patterns, a modest shift from the omnivorous towards the flexitarian dietary pattern was observed over the past decennium in the Flemish adult population. Campaigns might benefit from targeting older and lower educated male living in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Deliens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Mullie
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- International Prevention Research Institute (iPRI), 15 chemin du Saquin, 69130, Ecully, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Clarys
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shahinfar H, Amini MR, Payandeh N, Naghshi S, Sheikhhossein F, Djafarian K, Shab‐Bidar S. The link between plant-based diet indices with biochemical markers of bone turn over, inflammation, and insulin in Iranian older adults. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3000-3014. [PMID: 34136166 PMCID: PMC8194905 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of plant-based diets and biomarkers of bone, insulin, and inflammation is still unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between biomarkers of bone, insulin, and inflammation and three plant-based diet indices: an overall plant-based diet index (PDI); a healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI); and an unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). METHODS We included 178 elderly subjects who referred to health centers in Tehran. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure osteocalcin. The Human C-telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (u-CTX-I), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH) D, and insulin resistance and sensitivity. We created an overall PDI, hPDI, and uPDI from semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data. RESULTS Dietary groups of Vegetables (r = .15, p = .03), nuts (r = .16, p = .03), dairy (r = .25, p = .001), eggs (r = .27, p < .001), red meat, and animal products (r = .25, p = .001) were directly correlated with osteocalcin. Refined grains were also had a positive association with serum insulin concentration (r = .14, p = .04). PTH levels are inversely associated with PDI score (β = -0.18, p = .01). Also, serum insulin concentration was negatively associated with PDI score (β = -0.10, p = .04). Urine CTX-1 levels were significantly associated with hPDI score (β = -0.06, p = .04). u-CTX-1 levels are inversely associated with uPDI score. This significance did not change with the adjustment of the confounders (β = -0.28, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS More adherence to PDI and hPDI and less in uPDI may have a beneficial effect on biomarkers of bone, inflammation, and insulin thus preserving chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Clinical NutritionFaculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)TehranIran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)TehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)TehranIran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)TehranIran
| | - Sakineh Shab‐Bidar
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)TehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Only a few studies have investigated the association between psychological stress and the healthfulness of plant-based diets while accounting for variances in age groups and regions. In light of this, this study aimed to identify the food groups that contribute the most to the relationship between the healthfulness of plant-based diets and psychological stress in female students in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study, which included 401 female college students aged 19-35 years, collected data on blood, anthropometric indices, the perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10) and diet using the Saudi food frequency questionnaire. An overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI, and an unhealthy PDI (uPDI) were defined. Multiple linear regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between PSS-10 and PDI and hPDI and uPDI. No associations between the PSS-10 score and the overall PDI or uPDI scores were found; however, a six-point higher hPDI score was associated with a 0·16-point lower PSS-10 score (95 % CI, -0·24, -0·08) after controlling for lifestyle factors. Moreover, adjustments for healthy food groups, including vegetables and fruits, attenuated the association between the hPDI and PSS-10. In conclusion, healthy plant-based diets are associated with lower psychological stress in young Saudi women. This finding highlights the importance, especially for female students, of following diets that are not only plant-based but are also healthy and rich in fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
|
47
|
Saintila J, Calizaya-Milla YE, Javier-Aliaga DJ. Knowledge of Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Peruvian Dietitians about Vegetarianism at Different Stages of Life. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:1178638821997123. [PMID: 34093023 PMCID: PMC8141981 DOI: 10.1177/1178638821997123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The vegetarian diet continues to gain recognition and popularity among people; however, few studies have considered the level of knowledge of professional dietitians about this dietary pattern. Objective: This study aimed to compare the level of knowledge of vegetarian and nonvegetarian Peruvian dietitians regarding vegetarianism at different life stages. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. An online questionnaire based on the recommendations of the current dietary guidelines was administered to more than 400 registered dietitians. Of which, a total of 179 decided to participate in the study: 72 vegetarians and 107 nonvegetarians. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: Women represented the largest proportion of the sample. The participants demonstrated a complete and exhaustive knowledge of the definition of vegetarian diets. Regarding the risks and benefits associated with vegetarianism, the largest proportion of those who got the correct answers were vegetarians. The percentage of correct answers selected for both groups regarding the critical nutrients were less than 50%. Only 17.6% identified the correct answer regarding the risk of eating disorders of vegetarianism. Conclusions: Dietitians did not demonstrate complete and comprehensive knowledge of the critical nutrients of vegetarianism and lack information on the risks of eating disorders from the vegetarian diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - David J Javier-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Atakan MM, Koşar ŞN, Güzel Y, Tin HT, Yan X. The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051459. [PMID: 33922998 PMCID: PMC8145589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Şükran Nazan Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yasemin Güzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (M.M.A.); (Ş.N.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hiu Tung Tin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9919-4024; Fax: +61-3-9919-5615
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Torna E, Smith E, Lamothe M, Langkamp-Henken B, Andrade JM. Comparison of diet quality of US adults based on primary motivation for following a vegetarian diet: A cross-sectional online study. Nutr Res 2021; 90:13-23. [PMID: 34023804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adults adopt a vegetarian diet for various motivations, but it is unknown their overall diet quality based on a primary motivation. The purpose of the study was to compare overall diet quality, nutrient intake and related food groups based on primary motivation for following a vegetarian diet. It was hypothesized that vegetarians who chose the diet for health-related motivations would have a higher diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores compared to those following the diet for other motivations. A cross-sectional study was conducted online in the United States. Participants (n = 511) completed an 18-item questionnaire and a 24-hour recall using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Recall (ASA24-2018) and were divided into one of three groups (Health, Animal, Other [family, religious beliefs, or environment]) based on their primary motivation for following a vegetarian diet. Total HEI-2015 scores were determined and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on Ranks with a Dunn's Method for all pairwise comparisons (p < 0.05) were conducted. Results showed that total HEI-2015 scores differed among groups (p = 0.022) with the Health group having a higher score than the Other group (70.2 [57.0, 79.1] versus 63.6 [52.2, 77.1], median 25th, 75th) but not the animal rights group (66.5 [55.1, 77.0]). Higher component scores for total protein foods, seafood and plant proteins and fatty acids contributed to the significant difference. Adults who were motivated by health to follow a vegetarian diet had a higher diet quality than those who cited Other as their primary motivation. As motivations may impact diet quality of vegetarians, it is necessary to account for them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torna
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| | - Elena Smith
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| | - Meagan Lamothe
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| | - Bobbi Langkamp-Henken
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| | - Jeanette M Andrade
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hargreaves SM, Raposo A, Saraiva A, Zandonadi RP. Vegetarian Diet: An Overview through the Perspective of Quality of Life Domains. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4067. [PMID: 33921521 PMCID: PMC8069426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vegetarianism has gained more visibility in recent years. Despite the well-described effects of a vegetarian diet on health, its influence on the quality of life of the individuals who follow it still needs to be properly investigated. Quality of life relates to a subjective perception of well-being and functionality, and encompasses four main life domains: physical, psychological, social, and environmental. The adoption of a vegetarian diet, despite being a dietary pattern, could potentially influence and be influenced by all of these domains, either positively or negatively. This review aims to present an overview of the background, conceptualization, features, and potential effects of vegetarianism in all quality of life domains. The choice of adopting a vegetarian diet could have positive outcomes, such as better physical health, positive feelings related to the adoption of a morally correct attitude, an increased sense of belonging (to a vegetarian community), and lower environmental impact. Other factors, however, could have a negative impact on the quality of life of those choosing to abstain from meats or other animal products, especially when they go beyond one's control. These include the environment, the social/cultural group in which a person is inserted, gender-based differences, economic aspects, and a limited access to a wide variety of plant-based foods. It is important to understand all the effects of adopting a vegetarian diet-beyond its nutritional aspects. Not only do studies in this area provide more consistent data, but they may also contribute to mitigating all factors that might prevent individuals from adopting a vegetarian diet, or that may have a negative impact on the quality of life of those who already follow it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shila Minari Hargreaves
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|