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Jin Y, Shi H, Zhao Y, Dai J, Zhang K. Organophosphate ester cresyl diphenyl phosphate disrupts lipid homeostasis in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123149. [PMID: 38097162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
As a new class of organophosphate ester, cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP) has been widely monitored in environmental matrices and human samples, nonetheless, its toxicity is not fully understood. Here we described an in-depth analysis of the disruptions in lipid homeostasis of zebrafish following exposure to CDP concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 313.0 μg/L. Nile red staining revealed significant alterations in lipid contents in 72 hpf zebrafish embryos at CDP concentrations of 5.3 μg/L and above. Lipidomic analysis unveiled substantial disruptions in lipid homeostasis. Notably, disruptive effects were detected in various lipid classes, including phospholipids (i.e. cardiolipin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine), glycerolipids (triglycerides), and fatty acids (fatty acids (FA) and wax esters (WE)). These alterations were further supported by transcriptional changes, with remarkable shifts observed in genes associated with lipid synthesis, transport, and metabolism, encompassing phospholipids, glycerolipids, fatty acids, and sphingolipids. Furthermore, CDP exposure elicited a significant elevation in ATP content and swimming activity in embryos, signifying perturbed energy homeostasis. Taken together, the present findings underscore the disruptive effects of CDP on lipid homeostasis, thereby providing novel insights essential for advancing the health risk assessment of organophosphate flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Jin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haochun Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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2
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Geng Y, Zou H, Guo Y, Huang M, Wu Y, Hou L. Chronic exposure to cortisone induces thyroid endocrine disruption and retinal dysfunction in adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167022. [PMID: 37709101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cortisone has a large content in rivers because of its wide range of medical applications and elimination by organisms that naturally secrete it. As a steroid hormone, cortisone is recognized as a novel endocrine disruptor. Although ecotoxicological effects of the reproductive endocrine system have mainly been reported recently, thyroid endocrine in fish remains relatively less understood. Here, adult female zebrafish were exposed to cortisone at 0.0 (control), 3.2, 38.7, and 326.9 ng/L for 60 days. Evidence in this study came from fish behavior, hormone levels, gene expression, histological and morphological examinations. The results showed that THs (thyroid hormone) level disruption and pathohistological changes occurred in the thyroid gland, which may account for the gene expression changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid gland axis. Specifically, more conversion of T4 (thyroxine) to T3 (triiodothyronine) led to an increased TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) level in plasma. Severe thyroid tissue damage mainly occurred in the zebrafish exposed to 326.9 ng/L of cortisone. Meanwhile, consistent with the THs trend, the fish locomotion activity displayed more anxiety and excitement, the partial blockage of GABA (γ - aminobutyric acid) synthetic pathway genes might be the explanation of the underlying mechanism. Cortisone affected the gene expressions in the visual cycle and the circadian rhythm network also suggested interactions between thyroid endocrine disruption, retinal dysfunction, and abnormal behaviors of zebrafish. In summary, these findings suggest chronic exposure to cortisone induced various adverse effects in adult female zebrafish, which may help us better understand the risk of cortisone to fish in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hong Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yanfang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Manlin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yashi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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3
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Wang C, Li M, Gui W, Shi H, Wang P, Chen J, Fent K, Zhang K, Dai J, Li X, Zhao Y. Prednisolone Accelerates Embryonic Development of Zebrafish via Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling at Low Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15794-15805. [PMID: 37812749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids have been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems and may pose a toxicological risk to fish. In the present study, we described multiple end point responses of zebrafish to a commonly prescribed glucocorticoid, prednisolone (PREL), at concentrations between 0.001 and 9.26 μg/L. Of 23 end points monitored, 7 were affected significantly. Significant increases in the frequency of yolk extension formation, spontaneous contraction, heart rate, and ocular melanin density and significant decreases of ear-eye distance at PREL concentrations of 0.001 μg/L and above clearly pointed to the acceleration of embryonic development of zebrafish by PREL. Further confirmation came from the alterations in somite numbers, head-trunk angle, and yolk sac size, as well as outcomes obtained via RNA sequencing, in which signaling pathways involved in tissue/organ growth and development were highly enriched in embryos upon PREL exposure. In addition, the crucial role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) for PREL-induced effects was confirmed by both, the coexposure to antagonist mifepristone (RU486) and GR-/- mutant zebrafish experiments. We further demonstrated similar accelerations of embryonic development of zebrafish upon exposure to 11 additional glucocorticoids, indicating generic adverse effect characteristics. Overall, our results revealed developmental alterations of PREL in fish embryos at low concentrations and thus provided novel insights into the understanding of the potential environmental risks of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanying Gui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haochun Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jierong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karl Fent
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xi Li
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Ricarte M, Prats E, Montemurro N, Bedrossiantz J, Bellot M, Gómez-Canela C, Raldúa D. Environmental concentrations of tire rubber-derived 6PPD-quinone alter CNS function in zebrafish larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165240. [PMID: 37406704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone) is a degradation product of 6PPD, an antioxidant widely used in rubber tires. 6PPD-quinone enters aquatic ecosystems through urban stormwater runoff and has been identified as the chemical behind the urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon. However, the available data suggest that the acute effects of 6PPD-quinone are restricted to a few salmonid species and that the environmental levels of this chemical should be safe for most fish. In this study, larvae of a "tolerant" fish species, Danio rerio, were exposed to three environmental concentrations of 6PPD-quinone for only 24 h, and the effects on exploratory behavior, escape response, nonassociative learning (habituation), neurotransmitter profile, wake/sleep cycle, circadian rhythm, heart rate and oxygen consumption rate were analyzed. Exposure to the two lowest concentrations of 6PPD-quinone resulted in altered exploratory behavior and habituation, an effect consistent with some of the observed changes in the neurotransmitter profile, including increased levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin. Moreover, exposure to the highest concentration tested altered the wake/sleep cycle and the expression of per1a, per3 and cry3a, circadian clock genes involved in the negative feedback loop. Finally, a positive chronotropic effect of 6PPD-quinone was observed in the hearts of the exposed fish. The results of this study emphasize the need for further studies analyzing the effects of 6PPD-quinone in "tolerant" fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ricarte
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Gong J, Yang KX, Lin CY, Li Q, Han C, Tao W, Huang Y, Lin WQ, Wu CQ, Zhang SH, Wang DX. Prevalence, distribution, accumulation, and risk of environmental corticosteroids and estrogens in biofilms from the Pearl River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122192. [PMID: 37451591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms play a significant role in the biogeochemical processing of organic matter and the environmental fate of emerging pollutants. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of 32 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including 24 environmental corticosteroids (ECs) and 8 environmental estrogens (EEs), in natural biofilms from the Pearl River system. Their association between biofilms and water and environmental risk were assessed. The ECs and EEs ubiquitously occurred in the biofilms, ranging from <0.61-6.57 ng/g and <0.8-2535 ng/g, respectively. Temporally, there was no obvious variance in either ECs or EEs in the biofilms during the winter and summer, and their concentrations exhibited a spatial trend of upward to midstream, descending downstream, and then seaward attenuation at the estuary. For ECs and EEs, the similar levels of field-derived bioconcentration factors (BCFs) (logarithm values: 2.42-2.86 and 2.72-2.98, respectively) and biofilm organic carbon-normalized partitioning coefficients (Kboc) (3.39-3.69 and 3.35-3.95) suggest the comparable potential of accumulation and sorption by biofilms between these two classes of EDCs. In addition, higher values of BCF and Kboc for the EEs were found in winter and were correspondingly comparable to their distribution coefficients (Kd) and Koc derived from suspended particles and sediment, revealing that biofilms are a competitive environmental compartment for capturing EDCs, particularly during the mature period. A positive logKboc-logKow relationship suggests hydrophobic partitioning as a primary interaction mechanism between the biofilm and EEs. Moreover, high risks from biofilm-associated ECs and EEs might have posed to the fluvial ecosystem. This study provides original insights into the occurrence, fate, and risk of ECs in natural biofilms for the first time and demonstrates that biofilms may not only serve as reservoirs but also serve as sentinels for fluvial EDC contamination. These results contribute to the further understanding of the behavior and fate of EDCs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ke-Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Can-Yuan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Tao
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei-Quan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Analytical and Testing Center of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cui-Qin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu-Han Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - De-Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Gong J, Zhou YS, Lin CY, Li Q, Han C, Yang KX, Huang Y, Lin WQ, Wu CQ, Zhang SH, Huang JY. Suspended particulate matter-associated environmental corticosteroids in the Pearl River, China: Occurrence, distribution, and partitioning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163701. [PMID: 37105482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays an important role in the geochemical behavior and fate of organic micropollutants in aquatic environments. However, the presence of trace emerging endocrine disruptors such as environmental corticosteroids (ECs) in SPM is less well understood. This study focused on the occurrence, distribution, and partitioning of SPM-associated ECs in the Pearl River system, China. Ubiquitous particulate ECs were found in the surface water of the rivers at average concentrations (dry weight) between 0.46 ng/g (flumethasone) and 8.83 ng/g (clobetasone butyrate). The total EC (∑ECs) concentrations of the 24 selected target compounds varied from <1.03 ng/g to 62.3 ng/g, with an average and median of 17.6 ng/g and 13.7 ng/g, respectively. Higher SPM-bound EC levels were commonly observed in winter (dry season), and spatially, their relatively high contamination in urban tributary networks decreased while flowing to mainstreams and then gradually attenuated from upstream to the estuary. Despite the approximately 90 % mass distribution of ∑ECs in the aqueous phase, approximately 50 % of their effect burden was derived from the suspended particulate fractions. For the first time, in situ SPM-water partitioning coefficients (Kp) and their organic carbon-normalized ones (Koc) of ECs were determined in surface waters, and a field-derived preliminary linear equation was proposed to estimate Koc for ECs using basic physicochemical parameters n-octanol/water partitioning coefficient (Kow), which is of importance with regard to the assessment of transport, fate, and risk of these emerging hazardous chemicals. Furthermore, the significant logKoc-logKow relationship for ECs reveals that nonspecific hydrophobic partitioning is a major association mechanism between SPM and ECs. Moreover, hydrogen bonding is suggested to be a prevailing specific binding mechanism and provides more contribution to nonhydrophobic interactions between ECs and particulate organic matter than environmental estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yong-Shun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Can-Yuan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Chong Han
- School of life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Ke-Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei-Quan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Cui-Qin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Han Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Yu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006,China
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Yan Z, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu G. The metabolites could not be ignored: A comparative study of the metabolite norfluoxetine with its parent fluoxetine on zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106467. [PMID: 36870174 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments have attracted huge attention due to their significant risks to humans and ecosystems. However, even though the knowledge of the negative effects induced by the parent pharmaceuticals is quite extensive, little is known about their metabolites for a long time. This study provides systematical knowledge about the potential toxicity of metabolite norfluoxetine and its parent fluoxetine on zebrafish (Danio rerio) at the early life stage. The results showed that the metabolite norfluoxetine had similar acute toxicity in fish with the parent fluoxetine. For the altered fish development, there was no significant difference in most cases between the two pharmaceuticals. Compared to the control, the metabolite markedly inhibited the locomotor behavior under light-to-dark transitions, which was comparable to the parent. Norfluoxetine could easily accumulate but hardly eliminate from fish, relative to fluoxetine. In addition, the accumulated fluoxetine in zebrafish may rapidly metabolize to norfluoxetine and then be eliminated through different metabolic pathways. The functional genes related to serotonergic process (5-ht1aa, 5-ht2c, slc6a4b, and vmat), early growth (egr4), and circadian rhythm (per2) were downregulated by both the norfluoxetine and fluoxetine, indicative of the same mode-of-action of norfluoxetine with its parent in these functions. Meanwhile, the alterations caused by norfluoxetine were more pronounced than that of fluoxetine in the genes of 5-ht2c, slc6a4b, vmat, and per2. The molecular docking also confirmed that norfluoxetine could bind with serotonin transporter protein in the same as fluoxetine with a lower binding free energy. Overall, the metabolite norfluoxetine could induce similar and even more toxic effects on zebrafish with the same mode of action. The different and binding energy of the metabolite norfluoxetine and its parent fluoxetine on zebrafish may be responsible for the differentiated effects. It highlights the risks of the metabolite norfluoxetine in the aquatic environment could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Yufang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiadong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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8
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Yu LD, Tong YJ, Li N, Yang Y, Ye P, Ouyang G, Zhu F. Calix[6]arene functionalized lanthanide metal-organic frameworks with boosted performance in identifying an anti-epidemic pharmaceutical. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11697-11700. [PMID: 36177962 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03564b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel composite was fabricated by hybridizing terbium 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic MOF (TB-MOF) with Cx[6]. The obtained composite TB-Cx[6] possessed long-term stability and dispersion stability and was used for on-site analysis of the anti-COVID-19 disinfection product Prednis via a combing remote sampling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Dan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yuan-Jun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yating Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Pengfei Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Miao W, He L, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Liu P, Zhang T, Li C. Ferroptosis is partially responsible for dexamethasone-induced T cell ablation, but not osteoporosis in larval zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113872. [PMID: 35835076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely detected in the aquatic system. However, the hazardous effects of GCs on aquatic organisms were underestimated, and the mechanisms of GCs-induced toxic effects in fish were largely unknown. The zebrafish larvae at 3 dpf were exposed to dexamethasone (DEX) for 48 h, and the toxic effects and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in the current study. The T cells were ablated in zebrafish larvae after being treated with 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 μM of DEX for 48 h. In addition, osteoporosis was induced and the regeneration of the caudal fin was inhibited, by 48 h-exposure to 10, 30 and 100 μM of DEX. The transcriptomic analysis, biochemical parameters and gene expression profiles revealed that ferroptosis possibly contributed to the DEX-induced toxic effects in zebrafish larvae. Finally, Fer-1 treatment partially attenuated the DEX-induced T cell ablation, but not osteoporosis in zebrafish larvae. Taken together, the current study proved the toxic effects of DEX on zebrafish larvae, and elucidated that ferroptosis was involved in DEX-induced toxicity, providing strong evidence for the toxic effects of GCs on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Miao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China.
| | - Lingling He
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Yangming Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosafety Detection for Market Regulation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosafety Detection for Market Regulation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Chunqi Li
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
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10
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Li JT, Zhang YD, Song XR, Li RJ, Yang WL, Tian M, Zhang SF, Cao GH, Song LL, Chen YM, Liu CH. The mechanism and effects of remdesivir-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish: Blood flow dysfunction and behavioral alterations. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1688-1700. [PMID: 35560222 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral drug remdesivir has been used to treat the growing number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the drug is mainly excreted through urine and feces and introduced into the environment to affect non-target organisms, including fish, which has raised concerns about potential ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms. Moreover, studies on the ecological impacts of remdesivir on aquatic environments have not been reported. Here, we aimed to explore the toxicological impacts of microinjection of remdesivir on zebrafish early embryonic development and larvae and the associated mechanism. We found that 100 μM remdesivir delayed epiboly and impaired convergent movement of embryos during gastrulation, and dose-dependent increases in mortality and malformation were observed in remdesivir-treated embryos. Moreover, 10-100 μM remdesivir decreased blood flow and swimming velocity and altered the behavior of larvae. In terms of molecular mechanisms, eighty differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome analysis in the remdesivir-treated group. Some of these DEGs, such as manf, kif3a, hnf1ba, rgn, prkcz, egr1, fosab, nr4a1, and ptgs2b, were mainly involved in early embryonic development, neuronal developmental disorders, vascular disease and the blood flow pathway. These data reveal that remdesivir can impair early embryonic development, blood flow and behavior of zebrafish embryos/larvae, probably due to alterations at the transcriptome level. This study suggests that it is important to avoid the discharge of remdesivir to aquatic ecosystems and provides a theoretical foundation to hinder remdesivir-induced ecotoxicity to aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tong Li
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao-Dong Zhang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Song
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Jing Li
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Li Yang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hai Cao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu-Lu Song
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cui-Hua Liu
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Hamilton CM, Winter MJ, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Owen SF, Tyler CR. Are synthetic glucocorticoids in the aquatic environment a risk to fish? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107163. [PMID: 35240385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticosteroid, or glucocorticoid (GC), system is largely conserved across vertebrates and plays a central role in numerous vital physiological processes including bone development, immunomodulation, and modification of glucose metabolism and the induction of stress-related behaviours. As a result of their wide-ranging actions, synthetic GCs are widely prescribed for numerous human and veterinary therapeutic purposes and consequently have been detected extensively within the aquatic environment. Synthetic GCs designed for humans are pharmacologically active in non-mammalian vertebrates, including fish, however they are generally detected in surface waters at low (ng/L) concentrations. In this review, we assess the potential environmental risk of synthetic GCs to fish by comparing available experimental data and effect levels in fish with those in mammals. We found the majority of compounds were predicted to have insignificant risk to fish, however some compounds were predicted to be of moderate and high risk to fish, although the dataset of compounds used for this analysis was small. Given the common mode of action and high level of inter-species target conservation exhibited amongst the GCs, we also give due consideration to the potential for mixture effects, which may be particularly significant when considering the potential for environmental impact from this class of pharmaceuticals. Finally, we also provide recommendations for further research to more fully understand the potential environmental impact of this relatively understudied group of commonly prescribed human and veterinary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Hamilton
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
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12
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Zuo S, Meng H, Liang J, Zhen H, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang K, Dai J. Residues of Cardiovascular and Lipid-Lowering Drugs Pose a Risk to the Aquatic Ecosystem despite a High Wastewater Treatment Ratio in the Megacity Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2312-2322. [PMID: 35129343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The residues of pharmaceuticals in surface waters of megacities and ecotoxicological implications are of particular concern. In this study, we combined field investigations and model simulations to explore the contamination of cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs, one group of the most prescribed medications globally, in surface waters of a typical megacity, Shanghai, with a high wastewater treatment ratio (≈96%). Among 26 target substances, 19 drugs were detected with aqueous concentrations ranging from 0.2 (ketanserin) to 715 ng/L (telmisartan). Of them, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, telmisartan and irbesartan, were dominant besides β-blockers. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrated their much higher levels in tributaries compared to the mainstream. The results of model simulations and field investigation revealed relatively low concentrations of cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs in surface waters of Shanghai compared to other cities in highly developed countries, which is associated with low per capita usage in China. Ecotoxicological studies in zebrafish embryos further revealed developmental effects, including altered hatching success and heart rate, by irbesartan, telmisartan, lidocaine, and their mixtures at ng/L concentrations, which are typical levels in surface waters. Overall, the present results suggest that the high wastewater treatment ratio was not sufficient to protect fish species in the aquatic ecosystem of Shanghai. Exposure to cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs and associated risks will further increase in the future due to healthcare improvements and population aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Zuo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoyu Meng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huajun Zhen
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Zhang JG, Ma DD, Xiong Q, Qiu SQ, Huang GY, Shi WJ, Ying GG. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam affect synaptic transmission in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112917. [PMID: 34678628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THM) are two commonly applied neonicotinoid insecticides. IMI and THM could cause negative impacts on non-target organisms like bees. However, the information about neurotoxicity of IMI and THM in fish is still scarce. Here we investigated the effects of IMI and THM on locomotor behavior, AChE activity, and transcription of genes related to synaptic transmission in zebrafish exposed to IMI and THM with concentrations of 50 ng L-1 to 50,000 ng L-1 at 14 day post fertilization (dpf), 21 dpf, 28 dpf and 35 dpf. Our results showed that IMI and THM significantly influenced the locomotor activity in larvae at 28 dpf and 35 dpf. THM elevated AChE activity at 28 dpf. The qPCR data revealed that IMI and THM affected the transcription of marker genes belonging to the synapse from 14 dpf to 35 dpf. Furthermore, IMI and THM mainly affected transcription of key genes in γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and serotonin pathways in larvae at 28 dpf and 35 dpf. These results demonstrated the neurotoxicity of IMI and THM in zebrafish. The findings from this study suggested that IMI and THM in the aquatic environment may pose potential risks to fish fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Qing Qiu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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14
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Sua-Cespedes CD, David DD, Souto-Neto JA, Lima OG, Moraes MN, de Assis LVM, Castrucci AMDL. Low Temperature Effect on the Endocrine and Circadian Systems of Adult Danio rerio. Front Physiol 2021; 12:707067. [PMID: 34899364 PMCID: PMC8652057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.707067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of the biological rhythms begins with the activation of photo- and thermosensitive cells located in various organs of the fish such as brain, eye, and skin, but a central clock is still to be identified in teleosts. Thermal changes are stressors which increase cortisol and affect the rhythm of other hormones such as melatonin and growth hormone (GH), in both endo- and ectothermic organisms. Our aim was to investigate how temperature (23°C for 6 days) lower than the optimal (28°C) modulates expression of several gene pathways including growth hormone (gh1) and its receptors (ghra, ghrb), insulin-like growth factor1 (igf1a, igf1b) and its receptors (igf1ra, igf1rb), cortisol and its receptor (gr), the limiting enzyme of melatonin synthesis (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, aanat) and melatonin receptors (mtnr1aa, mtnr1bb), as well as their relationship with clock genes in Danio rerio in early light and early dark phases of the day. Lower temperature reduced the expression of the hormone gene gh1, and of the related receptors ghra, ghrb, igf1ra, and igf1rb. Cortisol levels were higher at the lower temperature, with a decrease of its receptor (gr) transcripts in the liver. Interestingly, we found higher levels of aanat transcripts in the brain at 23°C. Overall, lower temperature downregulated the transcription of hormone related genes and clock genes. The results suggest a strong correlation of temperature challenge with the clock molecular mechanism and the endocrine systems analyzed, especially the growth hormone and melatonin axes, in D. rerio tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian D Sua-Cespedes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dantas David
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Souto-Neto
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otoniel Gonçalves Lima
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo V Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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15
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Ojoghoro JO, Scrimshaw MD, Sumpter JP. Steroid hormones in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148306. [PMID: 34157532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are extremely important natural hormones in all vertebrates. They control a wide range of physiological processes, including osmoregulation, sexual maturity, reproduction and stress responses. In addition, many synthetic steroid hormones are in widespread and general use, both as human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. Recent advances in environmental analytical chemistry have enabled concentrations of steroid hormones in rivers to be determined. Many different steroid hormones, both natural and synthetic, including transformation products, have been identified and quantified, demonstrating that they are widespread aquatic contaminants. Laboratory ecotoxicology experiments, mainly conducted with fish, but also amphibians, have shown that some steroid hormones, both natural and synthetic, can adversely affect reproduction when present in the water at extremely low concentrations: even sub-ng/L. Recent research has demonstrated that mixtures of different steroid hormones can inhibit reproduction even when each individual hormone is present at a concentration below which it would not invoke a measurable effect on its own. Limited field studies have supported the conclusions of the laboratory studies that steroid hormones may be environmental pollutants of significant concern. Further research is required to identify the main sources of steroid hormones entering the aquatic environment, better describe the complex mixtures of steroid hormones now known to be ubiquitously present, and determine the impacts of environmentally-realistic mixtures of steroid hormones on aquatic vertebrates, especially fish. Only once that research is completed can a robust aquatic risk assessment of steroid hormones be concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Ojoghoro
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - M D Scrimshaw
- Division of Environmental Science, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - J P Sumpter
- Division of Environmental Science, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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16
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Mauro M, Lazzara V, Arizza V, Luparello C, Ferrantelli V, Cammilleri G, Inguglia L, Vazzana M. Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of Danio rerio Adults. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101064. [PMID: 34681162 PMCID: PMC8533377 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The release of medicinal products for human use in the aquatic environment is now a serious problem, and can be fatal for the organisms that live there. Danio rerio is a freshwater fish that provides the possibility to study the effects of these pollutants on the health of aquatic organisms. The results of the various existing scientific studies are scarce and conflicting. Here, we review the scientific studies that have analyzed these effects, highlighting that the impacts of drugs are evident in the biochemical responses of these animals. Abstract To date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and Danio rerio is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues of D. rerio adults. However, the information is still scarce and conflicting, making it difficult to understand its real impact. The scientific studies are not consistent with each other and, until now, no one has grouped their results to create a baseline of knowledge of the possible impacts. In this review, the analysis of literature data highlights that the effects of drugs on adult zebrafishes depend on various factors, such as the tissue analyzed, the drug concentration and the sex of the individuals. Furthermore, the most influenced biochemical responses concern enzymes (e.g., antioxidants and hydrolase enzymes) and total protein and hormonal levels. Pinpointing the situation to date would improve the understanding of the chronic effects of human drug pollution, helping both to reduce it in the aquatic systems and then to draw up regulations to control this type of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Inguglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
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17
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Zhong L, Liang YQ, Lu M, Pan CG, Dong Z, Zhao H, Li C, Lin Z, Yao L. Effects of dexamethasone on the morphology, gene expression and hepatic histology in adult female mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129797. [PMID: 33545586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), including natural hormones as well as synthetic chemicals, can pose influences on physiological performance, development and reproduction of fish. Dexamethasone (DEX) is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used as pharmaceutical and usually exists in effluents with varying degrees of concentrations. In this study, adult female mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were treated by DEX at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L for 60 days. Morphological parameters of anal fin and skeleton, mRNA expression abundance, and histological alterations of liver were investigated to assess effects of DEX on mosquitofish. The results showed that DEX increased number of sections of ray 3 in anal fin and decreased 16L, 15D and 16D in skeletal parameters, which indicates DEX could potentially lead to weak masculinization. Furthermore, transcriptional expression levels of ARα, ARβ, ERβ, VTGC and CYP19A genes were notably down-regulated by DEX, which will contribute to weak masculinization in females. In addition, the damage to liver tissue was also induced by DEX. Taken together, this research demonstrated that aquatic environments contaminated by DEX have negative effects on mosquitofish at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yan-Qiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524000, PR China.
| | - Mixue Lu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524000, PR China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Li Yao
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center), Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China
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18
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Stavreva DA, Collins M, McGowan A, Varticovski L, Raziuddin R, Brody DO, Zhao J, Lee J, Kuehn R, Dehareng E, Mazza N, Pegoraro G, Hager GL. Mapping multiple endocrine disrupting activities in Virginia rivers using effect-based assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145602. [PMID: 33592464 PMCID: PMC8026610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Water sources are frequently contaminated with natural and anthropogenic substances having known or suspected endocrine disrupting activities; however, these activities are not routinely measured and monitored. Phenotypic bioassays are a promising new approach for detection and quantitation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We developed cell lines expressing fluorescent chimeric constructs capable of detecting environmental contaminants which interact with multiple nuclear receptors. Using these assays, we tested water samples collected in the summers of 2016, 2017 and 2018 from two major Virginia rivers. Samples were concentrated 200× and screened for contaminants interacting with the androgen (AR), glucocorticoid (GR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and thyroid receptors. Among 45 tested sites, over 70% had AR activity and 60% had AhR activity. Many sites were also positive for GR and TRβ activation (22% and 42%, respectively). Multiple sites were positive for more than one type of contaminants, indicating presence of complex mixtures. These activities may negatively impact river ecosystems and consequently human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Michael Collins
- Center for Natural Capital, PO Box 901, Orange, VA, United States
| | - Andrew McGowan
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lyuba Varticovski
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Razi Raziuddin
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David Owen Brody
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Jerry Zhao
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Johnna Lee
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Riley Kuehn
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Elisabeth Dehareng
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Nicholas Mazza
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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19
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Zheng X, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Fent K. Environmental chemicals affect circadian rhythms: An underexplored effect influencing health and fitness in animals and humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106159. [PMID: 33508534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms control the life of virtually all organisms. They regulate numerous aspects ranging from cellular processes to reproduction and behavior. Besides the light-dark cycle, there are additional environmental factors that regulate the circadian rhythms in animals as well as humans. Here, we outline the circadian rhythm system and considers zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a representative vertebrate organism. We characterize multiple physiological processes, which are affected by circadian rhythm disrupting compounds (circadian disrupters). We focus on and summarize 40 natural and anthropogenic environmental circadian disrupters in fish. They can be divided into six major categories: steroid hormones, metals, pesticides and biocides, polychlorinated biphenyls, neuroactive drugs and other compounds such as cyanobacterial toxins and bisphenol A. Steroid hormones as well as metals are most studied. Especially for progestins and glucocorticoids, circadian dysregulation was demonstrated in zebrafish on the molecular and physiological level, which comprise mainly behavioral alterations. Our review summarizes the current state of knowledge on circadian disrupters, highlights their risks to fish and identifies knowledge gaps in animals and humans. While most studies focus on transcriptional and behavioral alterations, additional effects and consequences are underexplored. Forthcoming studies should explore, which additional environmental circadian disrupters exist. They should clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and aim to better understand the consequences for physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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20
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Zhang K, Liang J, Brun NR, Zhao Y, Werdich AA. Rapid Zebrafish Behavioral Profiling Assay Accelerates the Identification of Environmental Neurodevelopmental Toxicants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1919-1929. [PMID: 33470099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and cost-effective in vivo assays to screen potential environmental neurodevelopmental toxicants are necessary to address the limitations of in vitro platforms, such as the inability to fully recapitulate the developmental and physiological processes of whole organisms. In the present study, a rapid zebrafish behavioral profiling assay was developed to characterize the neurodevelopmental effects of environmental substances by quantitatively evaluating multiple spontaneous movement features of zebrafish embryos. This video analysis-based assay automatically segmented every embryo and thus was able to accurately quantify spontaneous movement features, including frequency, duration, intensity, interval, and the number of continuous movements. When tested with eight environmental substances known to be neurodevelopmental toxicants, such as chlorpyrifos and bisphenol A, the assay successfully captured frequency alterations that were well-documented in previous studies while also providing additional information. Using an optimized procedure, we further assessed 132 potential neurotoxins that spanned a wide range of molecular targets, many of which were previously detected in environmental waterbodies. The distinct altered behavioral barcodes indicated that the spontaneous movement was impacted by diverse neuroactive substances, and the effects could be effectively evaluated with the developed assay. The web-based tool, named EMAnalysis, is further provided at http://www.envh.sjtu.edu.cn/zebrafish_contraction.jsp. Thus, this assay provides an efficient platform to accelerate the pace of neurotoxic environmental contaminant discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jiahui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nadja R Brun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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21
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Zhao Y, Liang J, Meng H, Yin Y, Zhen H, Zheng X, Shi H, Wu X, Zu Y, Wang B, Fan L, Zhang K. Rare Earth Elements Lanthanum and Praseodymium Adversely Affect Neural and Cardiovascular Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1155-1166. [PMID: 33373191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing rare earth element (REE) mining and refining activities have led to a considerable release of these substances into aquatic environment, yet the knowledge of their impacts on aquatic organisms is still limited. Here, we explored the developmental effects of 16 REEs (concentration ranged from 0.46 to 1000 mg/L) to zebrafish embryos and highlighted the adverse effects of lanthanum (La) and praseodymium (Pr). Among the multiple developmental parameters measured, the significant effects on swimming behavior and cardiac physiology were the most prominent. Transcriptomic analysis of La and Pr at concentrations of 1.1 to 10 mg/L revealed their rather uniform effects at molecular levels. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis revealed that among others, notch, glutamate, and serotonin signaling, as well as cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac muscle contraction, were significantly affected. These changes of neural signaling were consistent with behavior effects observed and supported by neurotransmitter changes and thus provide a reasonable molecular mechanistic explanation. Furthermore, increased DNA damage and apoptotic activity at high concentrations were observed, especially in the heart. They may contribute to explain the observed adverse morphological and physiological outcomes, such as pericardial edema. The effect concentrations observed in the present study were comparable to the concentrations of REE residues at highly contaminated sites (several mg/L), indicating ecotoxicological effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. Overall, the present data help to clarify the potential developmental toxicity of REEs that was not yet fully recognized and thus contribute to their environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoyu Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huajun Zhen
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuehan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haochun Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiuzhi Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yao Zu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liuyin Fan
- Student Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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22
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Bottalico LN, Weljie AM. Cross-species physiological interactions of endocrine disrupting chemicals with the circadian clock. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113650. [PMID: 33166531 PMCID: PMC7993548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are endocrine-active chemical pollutants that disrupt reproductive, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and metabolic health across species. The circadian clock is a transcriptional oscillator responsible for entraining 24-hour rhythms of physiology, behavior and metabolism. Extensive bidirectional cross talk exists between circadian and endocrine systems and circadian rhythmicity is present at all levels of endocrine control, from synthesis and release of hormones, to sensitivity of target tissues to hormone action. In mammals, a range of hormones directly alter clock gene expression and circadian physiology via nuclear receptor (NR) binding and subsequent genomic action, modulating physiological processes such as nutrient and energy metabolism, stress response, reproductive physiology and circadian behavioral rhythms. The potential for EDCs to perturb circadian clocks or circadian-driven physiology is not well characterized. For this reason, we explore evidence for parallel endocrine and circadian disruption following EDC exposure across species. In the reviewed studies, EDCs dysregulated core clock and circadian rhythm network gene expression in brain and peripheral organs, and altered circadian reproductive, behavioral and metabolic rhythms. Circadian impacts occurred in parallel to endocrine and metabolic alterations such as impaired fertility and dysregulated metabolic and energetic homeostasis. Further research is warranted to understand the nature of interaction between circadian and endocrine systems in mediating physiological effects of EDC exposure at environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Bottalico
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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23
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Schmid S, Willi RA, Fent K. Effects of environmental steroid mixtures are regulated by individual steroid receptor signaling. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 226:105562. [PMID: 32668346 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish are exposed to steroids of different classes in contaminated waters, but their effects are not sufficiently understood. Here we employed an anti-sense technique using morpholino oligonucleotides to knockdown the glucocorticoid receptors (GRs, GRα and GRβ) and androgen receptor (AR) to investigate their role in physiological and transcriptional responses. To this end, zebrafish embryos were exposed to clobetasol propionate (CLO), androstenedione (A4) and mixtures containing different classes of steroids. CLO caused a decrease of spontaneous muscle contraction and increase of heart rate, as well as transcriptional induction of pepck1, fkbp5, sult2st3 and vitellogenin (vtg1) at 24 and/or 48 h post fertilization (hpf). Knockdown of GRs eliminated these effects, while knockdown of AR decreased the ar transcript but caused no expressional changes, except induction of sult2st3 after exposure to A4 at 24 hpf. Exposure to a mixture of 6 steroids comprising progesterone (P4) and three progestins, cyproterone acetate, dienogest, drospirenone, 17β-estradiol (E2) and CLO caused a significant induction of pepck1, sult2st3, vtg1 and per1a. Knockdown of GRs eliminated the physiological effects and the up-regulation of vtg1, sult2st3, pepck1, fkbp5 and per1a. Thus, as with CLO, responses in mixtures were regulated by GRs independently from the presence of other steroids. Exposure to a mixture comprising A4, CLO, E2 and P4 caused induction of vtg1, cyp19b, sult2st3 and fkbp5. Knockdown of AR had no effect, indicating that regulation of these genes occurred by the GRs and estrogen receptor (ER). Our findings show that in early embryos GRs cause vtg1 and sult2st3 induction in addition to known glucocorticoid target genes. Each steroid receptor regulated its own target genes in steroid mixtures independently from other steroids. However, enhanced expressional induction occurred for vtg1 and fkbp5 in steroid mixtures, indicating an interaction/cross-talk between GRs and ER. These findings have importance for the understanding of molecular effects of steroid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schmid
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Raffael Alois Willi
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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24
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van den Bos R, Cromwijk S, Tschigg K, Althuizen J, Zethof J, Whelan R, Flik G, Schaaf M. Early Life Glucocorticoid Exposure Modulates Immune Function in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Larvae. Front Immunol 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32411141 PMCID: PMC7201046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have assessed the effects of increased cortisol levels during early embryonic development on immune function in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Fertilized eggs were exposed to either a cortisol-containing, a dexamethasone-containing (to stimulate the glucocorticoid receptor selectively) or a control medium for 6 h post-fertilization (0–6 hpf). First, we measured baseline expression of a number of immune-related genes (socs3a, mpeg1.1, mpeg1.2, and irg1l) 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) in larvae of the AB and TL strain to assess the effectiveness of our exposure procedure and potential strain differences. Cortisol and dexamethasone strongly up-regulated baseline expression of these genes independent of strain. The next series of experiments were therefore carried out in larvae of the AB strain only. We measured neutrophil/macrophage recruitment following tail fin amputation (performed at 3 dpf) and phenotypical changes as well as survival following LPS-induced sepsis (150 μg/ml; 4–5 dpf). Dexamethasone, but not cortisol, exposure at 0–6 hpf enhanced neutrophil recruitment 4 h post tail fin amputation. Cortisol and dexamethasone exposure at 0–6 hpf led to a milder phenotype (e.g., less tail fin damage) and enhanced survival following LPS challenge compared to control exposure. Gene-expression analysis showed accompanying differences in transcript abundance of tlr4bb, cxcr4a, myd88, il1β, and il10. These data show that early-life exposure to cortisol, which may be considered to be a model or proxy of maternal stress, induces an adaptive response to immune challenges, which seems mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud van den Bos
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Cromwijk
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Tschigg
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joep Althuizen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Zethof
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert Whelan
- Animal Sciences and Health Cluster, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gert Flik
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Schaaf
- Animal Sciences and Health Cluster, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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25
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Schmid S, Fent K. 17β-Estradiol and the glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate affect the blood coagulation cascade in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113808. [PMID: 31887585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish are exposed to estrogens, progestins and glucocorticoids in the aquatic environment but effects on the blood coagulation cascade are unknown. Here we analyzed effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) alone and in combination with mixtures of new generation progestins and the glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate (CLO) in zebrafish embryos to assess their effects on the blood coagulation system. We assessed transcripts of 13 genes, such as coagulation factors, and genes involved in the anticoagulation and fibrinolytic system upon exposure to concentrations of 0.01-10 μg/L at 144 h post fertilization. Transcripts of genes encoding coagulation factors VII, X and fibrinogen, as well as protein C from the anticoagulation system, and serpine1 from the fibrinolytic system were upregulated by 10 μg/L, and factor II by 1 μg/L E2, as well as in mixtures containing E2 with progestins. CLO alone or in mixtures with progestins and E2 induced genes encoding factor VII, IX and fibrinogen. Progestins induced expression of genes encoding factor IX (f9b) only, but in mixtures with E2 and CLO, also factor VII (f7) and fibrinogen (fga) were induced. Our study demonstrates that exogenous exposure to E2 and CLO alone and in mixtures with new generation progestins used in contraception alter the expression of blood coagulation genes. This ultimately may lead to adverse effects on blood coagulation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schmid
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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26
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Schmid S, Willi RA, Salgueiro-González N, Fent K. Effects of new generation progestins, including as mixtures and in combination with other classes of steroid hormones, on zebrafish early life stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136262. [PMID: 31905574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish are exposed to progestins and steroid mixtures in contaminated waters but the ecotoxicological implications are not sufficiently known. Here we analyze effects of the new generation progestin dienogest (DNG) followed by investigating effects of mixtures of new generation progestins containing DNG, cyproterone acetate and drospirenone and the hormone progesterone. Furthermore, effects of this mixture were studied after adding 17β-estradiol (E2) and clobetasol propionate (CLO) in zebrafish embryos and larvae at concentrations between 0.01 and 10 μg/L. DNG showed only very minor transcriptional alterations among the 24 assessed genes with downregulation of the fshb transcript only. The progestin mixture caused weak induction of the lhb, cyp2k22 and sult2st3 transcripts. Addition of E2 to the mixture caused strong induction vtg1, cyp19b, esr1 and lhb, as well as downregulation of fshb from 0.01 μg/L onwards. Besides altering the same transcripts, addition of CLO altered glucocorticoid regulated genes mmp-9, mmp-13, g6pca, fkbp5 and irg1l. While each steroid class exhibited its specific activity independently in the mixture, sult2st3 and cyp2k22 were regulated by both E2 and CLO. Furthermore, CLO alone and in mixtures decreased spontaneous muscle contractions, increased heartrate and induced edema. Our study highlights the prominent effects of E2 and CLO in environmental steroid mixtures, while new generation progestins show relatively low activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schmid
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Raffael Alois Willi
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Lin C, Gong J, Zhou Y, Chen D, Chen Y, Yang J, Li Q, Wu C, Tang H. Spatiotemporal distribution, source apportionment, and ecological risk of corticosteroids in the urbanized river system of Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135693. [PMID: 31791762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence and distribution of 24 selected corticosteroids (CSs) in the surface water of the Zhujiang River (ZR) system in Guangzhou, a highly urbanized river system receiving both treated and untreated municipal wastewater effluents. Twenty-two and sixteen CSs were detected in the tributaries and the main stream of the ZR system, and their concentrations ranged from less than the method quantification limit (fluticasone propionate) to 94 ng/L (clobetasone butyrate) and from 0.24 ng/L (cortisol) to 7.2 ng/L (clobetasone butyrate), respectively. We observed higher total CSs (∑CSs) concentrations in the tributaries (11-396 ng/L) relative to the main stream (5.5-33 ng/L) due to their proximity to densely populated residential areas. ∑CSs concentrations in the dry season were generally higher than those in the wet season due to low dilution from decreased river discharge. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression analysis identified untreated domestic sewage to be the dominant source of CSs (t2, contribution rate: 42.7%) in the urban rivers. Additional source contributions were from naturally attenuated treated and/or raw sewage (t1, 21.5%) and effluents from wastewater treatment plants (t3, 26.7%). CSs contribution was dominated by t2 in the dry season, and the contributions from t1, t2, and t3 showed no significant difference in the wet season. Risk assessment inferred that the ZR system is at medium to high ecological risk from CSs and is therefore a potential threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. To prevent CSs pollution, our results demonstrate the need to develop effective control strategies to minimize the discharge of untreated waste to nearby rivers and to improve the capacity of wastewater treatment plants in Guangzhou. Further, we demonstrate that the concentrations of cortisone and fludrocortisone acetate are effective chemical indicators to estimate the level of natural and synthetic CSs contamination in urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canyuan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongshun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Diyun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- School of life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiqin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zhang K, Yuan G, Werdich AA, Zhao Y. Ibuprofen and diclofenac impair the cardiovascular development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) at low concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113613. [PMID: 31838392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen and diclofenac are highly prescribed worldwide and their presence in aquatic system may pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms. Here, we systematically assessed their cardiovascular disruptive effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmentally relevant concentrations between 0.04 and 25.0 μg/L. Ibuprofen significantly increased the cardiac outputs of zebrafish embryos at actual concentrations of 0.91, 4.3 and 21.9 μg/L. It up-regulated the blood cell velocity, total blood flow and down-regulated the blood cell density at concentrations of 4.3 μg/L and higher. In comparison, diclofenac led to inhibition of spontaneous muscle contractions and decreased hatching rate of zebrafish embryos at the highest concentration (24.1 μg/L), while it had negligible effects on the cardiac physiology and hemodynamics. Transcriptional analysis of biomarker genes involved in cardiovascular physiology, such as the significantly up-regulated nppa and nkx2.5 expressions response to ibuprofen but not to diclofenac, is consistent with these observations. In addition, both ibuprofen and diclofenac altered the morphology of intersegmental vessels at high concentrations. Our results revealed unexpected cardiovascular functional alterations of NSAIDs to fish at environmental or slightly higher than surface water concentrations and thus provided novel insights into the understanding of their potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guanxiang Yuan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Willi RA, Castiglioni S, Salgueiro-González N, Furia N, Mastroianni S, Faltermann S, Fent K. Physiological and Transcriptional Effects of Mixtures of Environmental Estrogens, Androgens, Progestins, and Glucocorticoids in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1092-1101. [PMID: 31829580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are exposed to mixtures of different classes of steroids, but ecotoxicological implications are not sufficiently known. Here, we systematically analyze effects of different combinations of steroid mixtures in zebrafish embryos to assess their joint activities on physiology and transcriptional alterations of steroid-specific target genes at 96 and 120 h post fertilization. In binary mixtures of clobetasol propionate (CLO) with estradiol (E2) or androstenedione (A4), each steroid exhibited its own expression profile. This was also the case in mixtures of 5-, 8-, and 13-different classes of steroids in exposure concentrations of 10-10,000 ng/L. The transcriptional expression of most genes in different mixtures was steroid-specific except for genes encoding aromatase (cyp19b), sulfotransferase (sult2st3), and cyp2k22 that were induced by androgens, progestins, and glucocorticoids. Marked alterations occurred for sult2st3 in binary mixtures of CLO + E2 and CLO + A4. Glucocorticoids increased the heart rate and muscle contractions. In mixtures containing estrogens, induction of the cyp19b transcript occurred at 10 ng/L and protc from the anticoagulation system at 100 ng/L. Our study demonstrates that steroids can act independently in mixtures; the sum of individual steroid profiles is expressed. However, some genes, including cyp19b, sult2st3, and cyp2k22, are regulated by several steroids. This joint effect on different pathways may be of concern for fish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Alois Willi
- School of Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Hofackerstrasse 30 , CH-4132 Muttenz , Switzerland
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS , Via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS , Via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Nathan Furia
- School of Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Hofackerstrasse 30 , CH-4132 Muttenz , Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mastroianni
- School of Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Hofackerstrasse 30 , CH-4132 Muttenz , Switzerland
| | - Susanne Faltermann
- School of Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Hofackerstrasse 30 , CH-4132 Muttenz , Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- School of Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Hofackerstrasse 30 , CH-4132 Muttenz , Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
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Faltermann S, Hettich T, Küng N, Fent K. Effects of the glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate and its mixture with cortisol and different class steroids in adult female zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105372. [PMID: 31812088 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of glucocorticoids and steroid mixtures in the environment are not sufficiently known. Here we investigate effects of 11-14 days exposure of female zebrafish to the glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate (Clo), cortisol (Cs), their mixture and mixtures with five different class steroids (Clo + triamcinolone + estradiol + androstenedione + progesterone) in liver, brain and gonads. Cs showed little activity, while Clo reduced the condition factor at 0.57 and 6.35 μg/L. Clo induced differential expression of genes in the liver at 0.07-6.35 μg/L, which were related to circadian rhythm (per1, nr1d2), glucose metabolism (g6pca, pepck1), immune system response (fkbp 5, socs3, gilz), nuclear steroid receptors (pgr and pxr), steroidogeneses and steroid metabolism (hsd11b2, cyp2k22). Clo caused strong transcriptional down-regulation of vtg. Similar upregulations occurred in the brain for pepck1, fkbp5, socs3, gilz, hsd11b2, and nr1d2a, while cyp19b was down-regulated. Effects of Clo + Cs mixtures were similar to Clo alone. Transcriptional alterations were different in mixtures of five steroids with no alteration of vtg in the liver due to counteraction of Clo and estradiol. Induction of fkbp5 (brain) and sult2st3 (liver) and downregulation of cyp19a (gonads) occurred at 1 μg/L. Histological effects of the five steroids mixture in gonads were characterized by a decrease of mature oocytes. Our data indicate that effects of steroids of different classes sum up to an overall joint effect driven by the most potent steroid Clo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Faltermann
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Timm Hettich
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Küng
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu W, Schlenk D, Liu J. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and corticosteroid homeostasis are potential targets for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105133. [PMID: 31520960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have received significant concern, since they ubiquitously exist in the environment and are able to induce adverse health effects on human and wildlife. Increasing evidence shows that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), members of the steroid receptor subfamily, are potential targets for EDCs. GR and MR mediate the actions of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, respectively, which are two main classes of corticosteroids involved in many physiological processes. The effects of EDCs on the homeostasis of these two classes of corticosteroids have also gained more attention recently. This review summarized the effects of environmental GR/MR ligands on receptor activity, and disruption of corticosteroid homeostasis. More than 130 chemicals classified into 7 main categories were reviewed, including metals, metalloids, pesticides, bisphenol analogues, flame retardants, other industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The mechanisms by which EDCs interfere with GR/MR activity are primarily involved in ligand-receptor binding, nuclear translocation of the receptor complex, DNA-receptor binding, and changes in the expression of endogenous GR/MR genes. Besides directly interfering with receptors, enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and prereceptor regulation pathways of corticosteroids are also important targets for EDCs. The collected evidence suggests that corticosteroids and their receptors should be considered as potential targets for safety assessment of EDCs. The recognition of relevant xenobiotics and their underlying mechanisms of action is still a challenge in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Gong J, Lin C, Xiong X, Chen D, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Wu C, Du Y. Occurrence, distribution, and potential risks of environmental corticosteroids in surface waters from the Pearl River Delta, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:102-109. [PMID: 31071626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, and potential risks of 21 glucocorticoids (GCs) and 3 mineralocorticoids (MCs) in four rivers were studied by investigating the surface waters from the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China. These environmental corticosteroids (ECs) were commonly present in the river surface waters with average concentrations varying from <0.17 ng/L for fluticasone propionate to 5.6 ng/L for clobetasone butyrate; and cortisone had the highest concentration, 32.9 ng/L. The total ECs ranged in concentration from undetectable to 83.3 ng/L, with a mean and median of 8.1 ng/L and 4.8 ng/L, respectively. Spatially the total EC concentration levels in the Pearl River system occurred in the following order: Zhujiang River (ZR) > Dongjiang River (DR) > Shiziyang waterway (SW) > Beijiang River (BR). These levels generally demonstrated a trend of increasing from upstream to midstream or downstream then attenuating toward the estuary. Considerable seasonal variations in the ECs differed among rivers. Higher ECs concentrations in winter were mostly found in the ZR, whereas lower levels were found in the DR. Moreover, the temporal variations of the ECs were marginal in the BR and SW. These spatiotemporal distributions of the ECs might have been simultaneously influenced by pollution sources derived from anthropogenic activities and river hydrologic conditions. Correlation analyses indicated that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) could play a key role in the occurrence and distribution of ECs in an aquatic environment. Risk assessment demonstrated that the occurrence of ECs might have posed medium to high risk to aquatic organisms in the Pearl River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Canyuan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Diyun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongshun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cuiqin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongming Du
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Willi RA, Salgueiro-González N, Carcaiso G, Fent K. Glucocorticoid mixtures of fluticasone propionate, triamcinolone acetonide and clobetasol propionate induce additive effects in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:101-109. [PMID: 30981015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many synthetic glucocorticoids from medical applications occur in the aquatic environment. Whether they pose a risk for fish health is poorly known. Here we investigate effects of glucocorticoids fluticasone propionate (FLU) and triamcinolone acetonide (TRI) as single steroids and as ternary mixtures with clobetasol propionate (CLO) in zebrafish embryos. Exposure to FLU and TRI in a range of concentrations between 0.099 and 120.08 μg/L led to concentration-related decrease in muscle contractions and increase in heart rate at 0.98 and 1.05 μg/L, respectively, and higher. Genes encoding for proteins related to glucose metabolism (g6pca, pepck1), immune system regulation (fkbp5, irg1l, socs3, gilz) and matrix metalloproteinases mmp-9 and mmp-13 showed expressional alterations, as well as genes encoding for the progestin receptor (pgr) and corticosteroid dehydrogenase (hsd11b2). FLU accelerated hatching and led to embryotoxicity (immobilization and edema). Ternary mixtures (FLU + TRI + CLO) induced the same physiological and toxicological effects at concentrations of individual glucocorticoids of 11.1-16.37 μg/L and higher. Heart rate was increased in the mixture at concentrations as low as 0.0885-0.11 μg/L of each steroid. Glucocorticoids in mixtures showed additive activity; the fold-changes of transcripts of 19 target genes were additive. Together, our data show that glucocorticoids act additively and their joint activity may be of concern for developing fish in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Alois Willi
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Carcaiso
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Willi RA, Salgueiro-González N, Faltermann S, Hettich T, Fent K. Environmental glucocorticoids corticosterone, betamethasone and flumethasone induce more potent physiological than transcriptional effects in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:183-191. [PMID: 30954817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many glucocorticoids occur in the aquatic environments but their adverse effects to fish are poorly known. Here we investigate effects of the natural glucocorticoid corticosterone and the synthetic glucocorticoids betamethasone and flumethasone in zebrafish embryos. Besides studying the effects of each steroid, we compared effects of natural with synthetic glucocorticoids, used as drugs. Exposure at concentrations of 1 μg/L and higher led to concentration-related decrease in spontaneous muscle contractions at 24 h post fertilization (hpf) and increase in heart rate at 48 hpf. Betamethasone showed a significant increase at 0.11 μg/L in heart rate. Corticosterone also accelerated hatching at 60 hpf at 0.085 μg/L. Transcription of up to 24 genes associated with different pathways showed alterations at 96 and 120 hpf for all glucocorticoids, although with low potency. Corticosterone caused transcriptional induction of interleukin-17, while betamethasone caused transcriptional down-regulation of the androgen receptor, aromatase and hsd11b2, indicating an effect on the sex hormone system. Furthermore, transcripts encoding proteins related to immune system regulation (irg1l, gilz) and fkbp5 were differentially expressed by corticosterone and betamethasone, while flumethasone caused only little effects, mainly alteration of the irg1l transcript. Our study shows that these glucocorticoids caused more potent physiological effects in early embryos than transcriptional alterations in hatched embryos, likely due to increased metabolism in later developmental stages. Thus, these glucocorticoids may be of concern for early stages of fish embryos in contaminated aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Alois Willi
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH -4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanne Faltermann
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH -4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Timm Hettich
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH -4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Langackerstrasse 30, CH -4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental System Sciences, CH -8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Li Z, Li W, Zha J, Chen H, Martyniuk CJ, Liang X. Transcriptome analysis reveals benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers regulate networks related to inflammation in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:112-122. [PMID: 30315675 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are widely applied ultraviolet absorbing compounds in industrial materials and personal care products. Due to their ubiquitous use and reports of bio-accumulation in aquatic organisms, these compounds are significant environmental pollutants; however, data are limited for BUVSs toxicity. In this study, juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 4 commonly used BUVSs (UV-234, UV-326, UV-329, and UV-P) at one dose of 10 or 100 μg/L for 28 days. To characterize the underlying mechanisms of different BUVSs-induced toxicities, we performed global transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in the brain (100 μg/L). There were 390, 575, 483, and 470 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected following UV-234, UV-326, UV-329, and UV-P exposure at 100 μg/L, respectively. Only 59 genes were identified as DEGs following exposure to each of the BUVSs, suggesting that these chemicals can induce unique responses in fish. Noteworthy was that there were 81 common gene networks (~10%) identified following exposure to BUVSs, many of which were related to inflammation and immune function. Uniquely regulated pathways affected by different BUVSs included those related to mitochondrial respiration, interleukin 1/brain-damaging signaling, dopaminergic signaling, and adrenergic receptor cascades. Furthermore, quantitative PCR (qPCR) results revealed that mgst1 levels were increased in fish from the 100 μg/L UV-329 treatment, while the expression of pck2 was significantly down-regulated in fish from both the 10 and 100 μg/L UV-P treatment. Transcriptomic data suggest that BUVSs can alter mitochondrial bioenergetics, alter expression of a broad range of genes in the oxidative stress response, and can induce pathways related to the immune system in zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Xuefang Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Nikinmaa M, Anttila K. Individual variation in aquatic toxicology: Not only unwanted noise. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:29-33. [PMID: 30508650 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mean value of any parameter and its changes are usually discussed, when ecotoxicological studies are carried out. However, also the variation of any parameter and its changes can be important components of the responses to environmental contamination. Although the homogeneity of variances is commonly tested, testing is done for the use of correct statistical methods, not because of exploring the possibility that variability and its changes could be important components of environmental responses. We evaluated recent aquatic toxicological literature and found that in the majority of articles indicating that homogeneity of variances was tested and giving the result of testing, the assumption of homogeneity was not fulfilled. Further, it was observed that in some studies experimental treatment clearly affected the variability. In this commentary we discuss the reasons for variability: measurement errors, experimental design, genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity, and conclude that even after accounting for experimental design and genetic makeup significant variability remains. This plasticity may change in environmental responses as suggested by a hypothetical example, and as confirmed by experimental data. As a consequence, the changes of variability can be significant, even when the means do not differ. Because of this, variability and its changes should always be analysed and reported. This will be easy, since the datasets are exactly the same for comparing the variances and means, and as normally variances are tested for homogeneity. It is likely that much new information about the responses of organisms to environmental contamination will be obtained. However, the present journal practises tend to discourage one from concentrating on anything but the mean. In contrast, we think it is imperative that variability is always included as an endpoint in data analysis in the future.
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Fent K, Siegenthaler PF, Schmid AA. Transcriptional effects of androstenedione and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 202:1-5. [PMID: 29960009 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones in the aquatic environment may pose a risk to fish health. Here we evaluated effects of two different class steroids that frequently occur in the aquatic environment, the androgen androstenedione (A4) and the progestin 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP4). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to four concentrations of A4 and the positive control testosterone and to 17-OHP4, and transcriptional changes were determined at 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and 120 hpf. Transcriptional changes of 18 selected genes were assessed upon exposure to measured concentrations of 0.004, 0.046, 0.62 and 6.56 μg/L A4. Significant induction of the genes encoding sulfotransferase (sult2st3) and aromatase (cyp19b) occurred in 120 hpf embryos at 6.56 μg/L A4 and 1 μg/L testosterone. Additionally, cyp2k7 was significantly induced in two of three independent experiments. 17-OHP4 did not induce physiological effects (muscle contraction, heart rate, hatching success, swimming activity) at concentrations between 0.01 and 10 μg/L. Of the analyzed 15 genes, slight transcriptional alterations occurred for the genes encoding progesterone receptor, aromatases (cyp19a) and (cyp19b) and cyp2k7 at 10 μg/L. Our study highlights sult2st3, cyp19b and cyp2k7 as potential markers of androgen exposure in fish and indicates that 17-OHP4 is not likely to pose a risk for fish at environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Franziska Siegenthaler
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Alexandre Schmid
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Prokkola JM, Nikinmaa M. Circadian rhythms and environmental disturbances – underexplored interactions. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:221/16/jeb179267. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.179267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Biological rhythms control the life of virtually all organisms, impacting numerous aspects ranging from subcellular processes to behaviour. Many studies have shown that changes in abiotic environmental conditions can disturb or entrain circadian (∼24 h) rhythms. These expected changes are so large that they could impose risks to the long-term viability of populations. Climate change is a major global stressor affecting the fitness of animals, partially because it challenges the adaptive associations between endogenous clocks and temperature – consequently, one can posit that a large-scale natural experiment on the plasticity of rhythm–temperature interactions is underway. Further risks are posed by chemical pollution and the depletion of oxygen levels in aquatic environments. Here, we focused our attention on fish, which are at heightened risk of being affected by human influence and are adapted to diverse environments showing predictable changes in light conditions, oxygen saturation and temperature. The examined literature to date suggests an abundance of mechanisms that can lead to interactions between responses to hypoxia, pollutants or pathogens and regulation of endogenous rhythms, but also reveals gaps in our understanding of the plasticity of endogenous rhythms in fish and in how these interactions may be disturbed by human influence and affect natural populations. Here, we summarize research on the molecular mechanisms behind environment–clock interactions as they relate to oxygen variability, temperature and responses to pollutants, and propose ways to address these interactions more conclusively in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni M. Prokkola
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Weizel A, Schlüsener MP, Dierkes G, Ternes TA. Occurrence of Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, and Progestogens in Various Treated Wastewater, Rivers, and Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5296-5307. [PMID: 29580053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study a high sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of 60 steroids including glucocorticoids (GC), mineralocorticoids (MC), and progestogens (PG) in WWTP effluents and surface water using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS). The limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged between 0.02 ng/L (cortisone) to 0.5 ng/L (drospirenone) in surface water and from 0.05 ng/L (betamethasone) to 5 ng/L (chlormadinone) in treated wastewater. After optimization, the developed method was applied to WWTP effluents, rivers, and streams around Germany. Numerous steroids have been detected during the sampling campaign and predominant analytes from all steroid types were determined. Moreover, the occurrence of dienogest, mometasone furoate, flumethasone pivalate, and the metabolites 6β-hydroxy dienogest, 6β-hydroxy triamcinolone acetonide, 7α-thiomethyl spironolactone, and 11α-hydroxy canrenone is reported for the first time. In addition, this study revealed the ubiquitous presence of topically applied GC monoesters betamethasone propionate, betamethasone valerate, and 6α-methylprednisolone propionate in WWTP effluents and surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weizel
- Federal Institute of Hydrology , Department of Aquatic Chemistry , 56068 Koblenz , Germany
| | - Michael P Schlüsener
- Federal Institute of Hydrology , Department of Aquatic Chemistry , 56068 Koblenz , Germany
| | - Georg Dierkes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology , Department of Aquatic Chemistry , 56068 Koblenz , Germany
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology , Department of Aquatic Chemistry , 56068 Koblenz , Germany
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40
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Lyu L, Yu G, Zhang L, Hu C, Sun Y. 4-Phenoxyphenol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: A Metal-Free Fenton-Like Catalyst for Pollutant Destruction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 51:6498-6506. [PMID: 29250958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal-containing Fenton catalysts have been widely investigated. Here, we report for the first time a highly effective stable metal-free Fenton-like catalyst with dual reaction centers consisting of 4-phenoxyphenol-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (POP-rGO NSs) prepared through surface complexation and copolymerization. Experimental and theoretical studies verified that dual reaction centers are formed on the C-O-C bridge of POP-rGO NSs. The electron-rich center around O is responsible for the efficient reduction of H2O2 to •OH, while the electron-poor center around C captures electrons from the adsorbed pollutants and diverts them to the electron-rich area via the C-O-C bridge. By these processes, pollutants are degraded and mineralized quickly in a wide pH range, and a higher H2O2 utilization efficiency is achieved. Our findings address the problems of the classical Fenton reaction and are useful for the development of efficient Fenton-like catalysts using organic polymers for different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Lyu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Research Institute of Environmental Studies at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chun Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Research Institute of Environmental Studies at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001, China
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Willi RA, Faltermann S, Hettich T, Fent K. Active Glucocorticoids Have a Range of Important Adverse Developmental and Physiological Effects on Developing Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:877-885. [PMID: 29190094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids in aquatic systems originating from natural excretion and medical use may pose a risk to fish. Here, we analyzed physiological and transcriptional effects of clobetasol propionate (CLO), cortisol and cortisone in zebrafish embryos as single compounds and binary mixtures. CLO and cortisol, but not cortisone showed a concentration-dependent decrease in muscle contraction, increase in heart rate, and accelerated hatching. CLO also induced immobilization and edema at high concentrations. Transcription analysis covering up to 26 genes showed that mostly genes related to glucose metabolism, immune system and development were differentially expressed at 91 ng/L and higher. CLO showed stronger effects on immune system genes than cortisol, which was characterized by upregulation of fkbp5, irg1l, gilz, and socs3, and development genes, matrix metalloproteinases mmp-9 and mmp-13, while cortisol led to stronger upregulation of the gluconeogenesis genes g6pca and pepck1. CLO also induced genes regulating the circadian rhythm, nr1d1 and per1a. In contrast, cortisone led to down-regulation of vitellogenin. Binary mixtures of cortisol and CLO mostly showed a similar activity as CLO alone on physiological and transcriptional end points but additive effects in heart rate and pepck1 upregulation, which indicates that mixtures of glucocorticoids may be of concern for developing fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Alois Willi
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences , Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Faltermann
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences , Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Timm Hettich
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences , Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences , Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental System Sciences , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhao Y, Zhang K, Fent K. Regulation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) locomotor behavior and circadian rhythm network by environmental steroid hormones. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:422-429. [PMID: 28993021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure of fish to steroid hormones through wastewater and agricultural runoff may pose a health risk. Thus far, ecotoxicological studies have largely been focused on the disruption of the sex hormone system, but additional effects have been poorly investigated. Here we report on the effects of a series of different natural and synthetic steroid hormones on the locomotor behavior and the transcriptional levels of core clock genes in zebrafish eleuthero-embryos (Danio rerio). Of the 20 steroids analyzed, progestins and corticosteroids, including progesterone and cortisol, significantly decreased the locomotor activities of eleuthero-embryos at concentrations as low as 16 ng/L, while estrogens such as 17β-estradiol led to an increase. Consistently, progestins and corticosteroids displayed similar transcriptional effects on core clock genes, which were remarkably different from those of estrogens. Of these genes, per1a and nr1d2a displayed the most pronounced alterations. They were induced upon exposure to various progestins and corticosteroids and could be recovered using the progesterone receptor/glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone; this, however, was not the case for estrogens and the estrogen receptor antagonist 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. Our results suggest that steroid hormones can modulate the circadian molecular network in zebrafish and provide novel insights into their mode of actions and potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhao
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Kun Zhang
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental System Sciences, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Siegenthaler PF, Zhao Y, Zhang K, Fent K. Reproductive and transcriptional effects of the antiandrogenic progestin chlormadinone acetate in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:346-356. [PMID: 28118999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlormadinone acetate (CMA) is a frequently used progestin with antiandrogenic activity in humans. Residues may enter the aquatic environment but potential adverse effects in fish are unknown. While our previous work focused on effects of CMA in vitro and in zebrafish eleuthero-embryos, the present study reports on reproductive and transcriptional effects in adult female and male zebrafish (Danio rerio). We performed a reproductive study using breeding groups of zebrafish. After 15 days of pre-exposure, we exposed zebrafish to different measured concentrations between 6.4 and 53,745 ng/L CMA for 21 days and counted produced eggs daily to determine fecundity. Additionally, transcriptional effects of CMA in brains, livers, and gonads were analyzed. CMA induced a slight but statistically significant reduction in fecundity at 65 ng/L and 53,745 ng/L compared to pre-exposure. Furthermore, we observed differential expression for gene transcripts of steroid hormone receptors, genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and steroidogenesis. In particular, we found a significant decrease of transcript levels of vitellogenin (vtg1) in ovaries and liver, and of cyp2k7 in the liver of males, as well as a significant increase of transcripts of the progesterone receptor (pgr) in testes, and cyp2k1 in the liver of females. The observed effects were weaker than those of other very potent progestins, which is probably related to the lack of interaction of CMA with the zebrafish progesterone receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Franziska Siegenthaler
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, FHNW, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, FHNW, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Kun Zhang
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, FHNW, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, FHNW, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental System Sciences, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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