1
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Berbon M, Martinez D, Morvan E, Grélard A, Kauffmann B, Waeytens J, Wien F, Arluison V, Habenstein B. Hfq C-terminal region forms a β-rich amyloid-like motif without perturbing the N-terminal Sm-like structure. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1075. [PMID: 37865695 PMCID: PMC10590398 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hfq is a pleitropic actor that serves as stress response and virulence factor in the bacterial cell. To execute its multiple functions, Hfq assembles into symmetric torus-shaped hexamers. Extending outward from the hexameric core, Hfq presents a C-terminal region, described as intrinsically disordered in solution. Many aspects of the role and the structure of this region remain unclear. For instance, in its truncated form it can promote amyloid-like filament assembly. Here, we show that a minimal 11-residue motif at the C-terminal end of Hfq assembles into filaments with amyloid characteristics. Our data suggest that the full-length Hfq in its filamentous state contains a similar molecular fingerprint than that of the short β-strand peptide, and that the Sm-core structure is not affected by filament formation. Hfq proteins might thus co-exist in two forms in vivo, either as isolated, soluble hexamers or as self-assembled hexamers through amyloid-reminiscent interactions, modulating Hfq cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Berbon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Denis Martinez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Estelle Morvan
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UAR 3033, Pessac, France
| | - Axelle Grélard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UAR 3033, Pessac, France
| | - Jehan Waeytens
- Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Arluison
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin LLB, UMR12 CEA CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- Université de Paris Cité, UFR SDV, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France.
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2
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Li J, Guo M, Chen L, Chen Z, Fu Y, Chen Y. p53 amyloid aggregation in cancer: function, mechanism, and therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:66. [PMID: 36171607 PMCID: PMC9520902 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to neurodegenerative diseases, the concept that tumors are prion like diseases has been proposed in recent years. p53, the most well-known tumor suppressor, has been extensively studied for its expression, mutation, and function in various tumors. Currently, an interesting phenomenon of p53 prion-like aggregation has been found in several tumors, and studies have found that its pathological aggregation may lead to functional alterations and ultimately affect tumor progression. It has been demonstrated that the mechanism of p53 aggregation involves its mutation, domains, isoform, etc. In addition to p53 itself, some other factors, including Zn2+ concentration, pH, temperature and chaperone abnormalities, can also contribute to p53 aggregation. Although there are some studies about the mechanism and role of p53 aggregation and amyloidosis in tumors, there still exist some controversies. In this paper, we review the mechanism of p53 amyloid fibril structure and discuss the characteristics and effects of p53 amyloid aggregation, as well as the pathogenic mechanism leading to the occurrence of aggregation in tumors. Finally, we summarize the various inhibitors targeting p53 aggregation and prion-like behavior. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of p53 aggregation can expand our understanding of the causes leading its loss of physiological function and that targeting p53 aggregation might be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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3
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The role of the half-turn in determining structures of Alzheimer's Aβ wild-type and mutants. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107792. [PMID: 34481077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Half-turns are shown to be the main determinants of many experimental Alzheimer's Aβ fibril structures. Fibril structures contain three half-turn types, βαRβ, βαLβ and βεβ which each result in a ∼90° bend in a β-strand. It is shown that only these half-turns enable cross-β stacking and thus the right-angle fold seen in fibrils is an intrinsic feature of cross-β. Encoding a strand as a conformational sequence in β, αR, αL and ε(βL), pairwise combination rules for consecutive half-turns are used to decode this sequence to give the backbone path. This reveals how structures would be dramatically affected by a deletion. Using a wild-type Aβ(42) fibril structure and the pairwise combination rules, the Osaka deletion is predicted to result in exposure of surfaces that are mutually shielding from the solvent. Molecular dynamics simulations on an 11-mer β-sheet of Alzheimer's Aβ(40) of the Dutch (E22Q), Iowa (D23N), Arctic (E22G), and Osaka (E22Δ) mutants, show the crucial role glycine plays in the positioning of βαRβ half-turns. Their "in-phase" positions along the sequence in the wild-type, Dutch mutant and Iowa mutant means that the half-folds all fold to the same side creating the same closed structure. Their out-of-phase positions in Arctic and Osaka mutants creates a flatter structure in the former and an S-shape structure in the latter which, as predicted, exposes surfaces on the inside in the closed wild-type to the outside. This is consistent with the gain of interaction model and indicates how domain swapping might explain the Osaka mutant's unique properties.
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4
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Babusikova E, Dobrota D, Turner AJ, Nalivaeva NN. Effect of Global Brain Ischemia on Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolism and Expression of Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes in Rat Cortex: Role in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:680-692. [PMID: 34225591 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases significantly following chronic stress and brain ischemia which, over the years, cause accumulation of toxic amyloid species and brain damage. The effects of global 15-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion on the levels of expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its processing were investigated in the brain cortex (Cx) of male Wistar rats. Additionally, the levels of expression of the amyloid-degrading enzymes neprilysin (NEP), endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), as well as of some markers of oxidative damage were assessed. It was shown that the APP mRNA and protein levels in the rat Cx were significantly increased after the ischemic insult. Protein levels of the soluble APP fragments, especially of sAPPβ produced by β-secretase, (BACE-1) and the levels of BACE-1 mRNA and protein expression itself were also increased after ischemia. The protein levels of APP and BACE-1 in the Cx returned to the control values after 120-min reperfusion. The levels of NEP and ECE-1 mRNA also decreased after ischemia, which correlated with the decreased protein levels of these enzymes. However, we have not observed any changes in the protein levels of insulin-degrading enzyme. Contents of the markers of oxidative damage (di-tyrosine and lysine conjugates with lipid peroxidation products) were also increased after ischemia. The obtained data suggest that ischemia shifts APP processing towards the amyloidogenic β-secretase pathway and accumulation of the neurotoxic Aβ peptide as well as triggers oxidative stress in the cells. These results are discussed in the context of the role of stress and ischemia in initiation and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Babusikova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
| | - Dusan Dobrota
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
| | - Anthony J Turner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Natalia N Nalivaeva
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom. .,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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5
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Nguyen PH, Ramamoorthy A, Sahoo BR, Zheng J, Faller P, Straub JE, Dominguez L, Shea JE, Dokholyan NV, De Simone A, Ma B, Nussinov R, Najafi S, Ngo ST, Loquet A, Chiricotto M, Ganguly P, McCarty J, Li MS, Hall C, Wang Y, Miller Y, Melchionna S, Habenstein B, Timr S, Chen J, Hnath B, Strodel B, Kayed R, Lesné S, Wei G, Sterpone F, Doig AJ, Derreumaux P. Amyloid Oligomers: A Joint Experimental/Computational Perspective on Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2545-2647. [PMID: 33543942 PMCID: PMC8836097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is observed in many amyloidogenic diseases affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. Structural and dynamic characterization of all species along the pathways from monomers to fibrils is challenging by experimental and computational means because they involve intrinsically disordered proteins in most diseases. Yet understanding how amyloid species become toxic is the challenge in developing a treatment for these diseases. Here we review what computer, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacological experiments tell us about the accumulation and deposition of the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, IAPP, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes (T2D), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, respectively, for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mara Chiricotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carol Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stepan Timr
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Brianna Hnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sylvain Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew J Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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6
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Herzberg M, Szunyogh D, Thulstrup PW, Hassenkam T, Hemmingsen L. Probing the Secondary Structure of Individual Aβ 40 Amorphous Aggregates and Fibrils by AFM-IR Spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3521-3524. [PMID: 33027846 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structural characterization of aggregates and fibrils of the Aβ protein is pivotal to the molecular-level elucidation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AFM-IR spectroscopy provides nanoscale resolution, and thus allows the interrogation of individual aggregates and fibrils. During aggregation of Aβ, we observed mainly disordered Aβ at t=15 min, but substantial structural diversity including the co-existence of parallel and antiparallel β-sheets within a large amorphous aggregate at t=2 hours, while fibrils exhibited the expected signature of parallel β-sheets at t=1 week. The resonance observed for parallel β-sheets at t=2 hours coincides with that observed for fibrils (at 1634 cm-1 ), thus indicating that fibril-like species exist within the large aggregates. Therefore, nucleation might occur within such species, in analogy to current theories of protein crystallization in which nucleation occurs within large protein clusters. Cu2+ perturbs Aβ aggregation, catalysing rapid formation of amorphous aggregates with diverse secondary structure, but inhibiting fibril growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Herzberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Szunyogh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter W Thulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue Hassenkam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Ke PC, Zhou R, Serpell LC, Riek R, Knowles TPJ, Lashuel HA, Gazit E, Hamley IW, Davis TP, Fändrich M, Otzen DE, Chapman MR, Dobson CM, Eisenberg DS, Mezzenga R. Half a century of amyloids: past, present and future. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5473-5509. [PMID: 32632432 PMCID: PMC7445747 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are global epidemics with profound health, social and economic implications and yet remain without a cure. This dire situation calls for research into the origin and pathological manifestations of amyloidosis to stimulate continued development of new therapeutics. In basic science and engineering, the cross-β architecture has been a constant thread underlying the structural characteristics of pathological and functional amyloids, and realizing that amyloid structures can be both pathological and functional in nature has fuelled innovations in artificial amyloids, whose use today ranges from water purification to 3D printing. At the conclusion of a half century since Eanes and Glenner's seminal study of amyloids in humans, this review commemorates the occasion by documenting the major milestones in amyloid research to date, from the perspectives of structural biology, biophysics, medicine, microbiology, engineering and nanotechnology. We also discuss new challenges and opportunities to drive this interdisciplinary field moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Louise C. Serpell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Matthew R. Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre for Microbial Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David S. Eisenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Science & Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO, E23, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Li H, Nam Y, Salimi A, Lee JY. Impact of A2V Mutation and Histidine Tautomerism on Aβ42 Monomer Structures from Atomistic Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3587-3592. [PMID: 32551634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides into senile plaques in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Mutation and histidine tautomerism are considered intrinsic origins in the accumulation of Aβ. As a first step toward understanding the impact of A2V mutation and histidine tautomerism on the Aβ42 isoform, we performed replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations to investigate the effects of histidine tautomerism on the structural properties of A2V Aβ42 peptides. There are generally more β-sheet and less α-helix secondary structures in A2V Aβ42 monomers than in WT Aβ42, implying a higher aggregation tendency in A2V Aβ42, which is consistent with previous studies. The current research will help develop the histidine tautomerism hypothesis of misfolded protein aggregation and eventually elucidate the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Yeonsig Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Abbas Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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9
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Li H, Salimi A, Lee JY. Intrinsic Origin of Amyloid Aggregation: Collective Effects of the Mutation and Tautomerism of Histidine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4729-4734. [PMID: 31600048 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation is considered an important factor in the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), which is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A2V Aβ40 shows a higher aggregation tendency; however, the existing knowledge is not sufficient to explain the mechanism. We performed replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations (REMD) to investigate the structural properties of A2V Aβ40 monomers and consider the tautomerism of histidine. The collective effects of the mutation and tautomerism leads A2V Aβ40 to much higher β-sheet and lower α-helix contents than WT Aβ40, which may explain the enhanced aggregation kinetics of A2V Aβ40 with respect to WT Aβ40. The current research provides new insights on understanding the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Abbas Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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10
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Hayward S, Kitao A. Multi-strand β-sheet of Alzheimer Aβ(1–40) folds to β-strip helix: implication for protofilament formation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:2143-2153. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1477626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hayward
- D’Arcy Thompson Centre for Computational Biology, School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Akio Kitao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Narang SS, Goyal D, Goyal B. Inhibition of Alzheimer’s amyloid-β42 peptide aggregation by a bi-functional bis-tryptoline triazole: key insights from molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1598-1611. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1614093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh Narang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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12
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Salimi A, Li H, Shi H, Lee JY. Intrinsic origin of amyloid aggregation: Behavior of histidine (εεε) and (δδδ) tautomer homodimers of Aβ (1–40). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:795-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Hategan A, Masliah E, Nath A. HIV and Alzheimer's disease: complex interactions of HIV-Tat with amyloid β peptide and Tau protein. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:648-660. [PMID: 31016584 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the HIV-Tat protein may be continually produced despite adequate antiretroviral therapy. As the HIV-infected population is aging, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how HIV-Tat may interact with proteins such as amyloid β and Tau which accumulate in the aging brain and eventually result in Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we examine the in vivo data from HIV-infected patients and animal models and the in vitro experiments that show how protein complexes between HIV-Tat and amyloid β occur through novel protein-protein interactions and how HIV-Tat may influence the pathways for amyloid β production, degradation, phagocytosis, and transport. HIV-Tat may also induce Tau phosphorylation through a cascade of cellular processes that lead to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, another hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. We also identify gaps in knowledge and future directions for research. Available evidence suggests that HIV-Tat may accelerate Alzheimer-like pathology in patients with HIV infection which cannot be impacted by current antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Hategan
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10; Room 7C-103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, 7201 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10; Room 7C-103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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14
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Platelets Bioenergetics Screening Reflects the Impact of Brain Aβ Plaque Accumulation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:1375-1386. [PMID: 30357651 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated to depressed brain energy supply and impaired cortical and hippocampal synaptic function. It was previously reported in McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg(+/+)) rats that Aβ deposition per se is sufficient to cause abnormalities in glucose metabolism and neuronal connectivity. These data support the utility of this animal model as a platform for the search of novel AD biomarkers based on bioenergetic status. Recently, it has been proposed that energy dysfunction can be dynamically tested in platelets (PLTs) of nonhuman primates. PLTs are good candidates to find peripheral biomarkers for AD because they may reflect in periphery the bioenergetics deficits and the inflammatory and oxidative stress processes taking place in AD brain. In the present study, we carried out a PLTs bioenergetics screening in advanced-age (12-14 months old) control (WT) and Tg(+/+) rats. Results indicated that thrombin-activated PLTs of Tg(+/+) rats showed a significantly lower respiratory rate, as compared to that measured in WT animals, when challenged with the same dose of FCCP (an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation). In summary, our results provide original evidence that PLTs bioenergetic profiling may reflect brain bioenergetics dysfunction mediated by Aβ plaque accumulation. Further studies on human PLTs from control and AD patients are required to validate the usefulness of PLTs bioenergetics as a novel blood-based biomarker for AD.
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15
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de Freitas MS, Rezaei Araghi R, Brandenburg E, Leiterer J, Emmerling F, Folmert K, Gerling-Driessen UIM, Bardiaux B, Böttcher C, Pagel K, Diehl A, Berlepsch HV, Oschkinat H, Koksch B. The protofilament architecture of a de novo designed coiled coil-based amyloidogenic peptide. J Struct Biol 2018; 203:263-272. [PMID: 29857134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are polymers formed by proteins under specific conditions and in many cases they are related to pathogenesis, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Their hallmark is the presence of a β-sheet structure. High resolution structural data on these systems as well as information gathered from multiple complementary analytical techniques is needed, from both a fundamental and a pharmaceutical perspective. Here, a previously reported de novo designed, pH-switchable coiled coil-based peptide that undergoes structural transitions resulting in fibril formation under physiological conditions has been exhaustively characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and solid-state NMR (ssNMR). Overall, a unique 2-dimensional carpet-like assembly composed of large coexisiting ribbon-like, tubular and funnel-like structures with a clearly resolved protofilament substructure is observed. Whereas electron microscopy and scattering data point somewhat more to a hairpin model of β-fibrils, ssNMR data obtained from samples with selectively labelled peptides are in agreement with both, hairpin structures and linear arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Santos de Freitas
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Department NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raheleh Rezaei Araghi
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Brandenburg
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jork Leiterer
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Folmert
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bardiaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Freie Universität Berlin, Research Center for Electron Microscopy, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Diehl
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Department NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans V Berlepsch
- Freie Universität Berlin, Research Center for Electron Microscopy, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Department NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Beate Koksch
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Upadhyay A, Mishra A. Amyloids of multiple species: are they helpful in survival? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1363-1386. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan 342011 India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan 342011 India
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17
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Leighton PLA, Allison WT. Protein Misfolding in Prion and Prion-Like Diseases: Reconsidering a Required Role for Protein Loss-of-Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:3-29. [PMID: 27392869 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prion disease research has contributed much toward understanding other neurodegenerative diseases, including recent demonstrations that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases are prion-like. Prion-like diseases involve the spread of degeneration between individuals and/or among cells or tissues via template directed misfolding, wherein misfolded protein conformers propagate disease by causing normal proteins to misfold. Here we use the premise that AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other similar diseases are prion-like and ask: Can we apply knowledge gained from studies of these prion-like diseases to resolve debates about classical prion diseases? We focus on controversies about what role(s) protein loss-of-function might have in prion diseases because this has therapeutic implications, including for AD. We examine which loss-of-function events are recognizable in prion-like diseases by considering the normal functions of the proteins before their misfolding and aggregation. We then delineate scenarios wherein gain-of-function and/or loss-of-function would be necessary or sufficient for neurodegeneration. We consider roles of PrPC loss-of-function in prion diseases and in AD, and conclude that the conventional wisdom that prion diseases are 'toxic gain-of-function diseases' has limitations. While prion diseases certainly have required gain-of-function components, we propose that disease phenotypes are predominantly caused by deficits in the normal physiology of PrPC and its interaction partners as PrPC converts to PrPSc. In this model, gain-of-function serves mainly to spread disease, and loss-of-function directly mediates neuron dysfunction. We propose experiments and predictions to assess our conclusion. Further study on the normal physiological roles of these key proteins is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L A Leighton
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Lomont JP, Rich KL, Maj M, Ho JJ, Ostrander JS, Zanni MT. Spectroscopic Signature for Stable β-Amyloid Fibrils versus β-Sheet-Rich Oligomers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:144-153. [PMID: 29220175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We use two-dimensional IR (2D IR) spectroscopy to explore fibril formation for the two predominant isoforms of the β-amyloid (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42) protein associated with Alzheimer's disease. Two-dimensional IR spectra resolve a transition at 1610 cm-1 in Aβ fibrils that does not appear in other Aβ aggregates, even those with predominantly β-sheet-structure-like oligomers. This transition is not resolved in linear IR spectroscopy because it lies under the broad band centered at 1625 cm-1, which is the traditional infrared signature for amyloid fibrils. The feature is prominent in 2D IR spectra because 2D lineshapes are narrower and scale nonlinearly with transition dipole strengths. Transmission electron microscopy measurements demonstrate that the 1610 cm-1 band is a positive identification of amyloid fibrils. Sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles that solubilize and disaggregate preaggregated Aβ samples deplete the 1625 cm-1 band but do not affect the 1610 cm-1 band, demonstrating that the 1610 cm-1 band is due to very stable fibrils. We demonstrate that the 1610 cm-1 transition arises from amide I modes by mutating out the only side-chain residue that could give rise to this transition, and we explore the potential structural origins of the transition by simulating 2D IR spectra based on Aβ crystal structures. It was not previously possible to distinguish stable Aβ fibrils from the less stable β-sheet-rich oligomers with infrared light. This 2D IR signature will be useful for Alzheimer's research on Aβ aggregation, fibril formation, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Lomont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kacie L Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michał Maj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jia-Jung Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joshua S Ostrander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Kaur G, Pawlik M, Gandy SE, Ehrlich ME, Smiley JF, Levy E. Lysosomal dysfunction in the brain of a mouse model with intraneuronal accumulation of carboxyl terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:981-989. [PMID: 27777419 PMCID: PMC5405008 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that intraneuronal accumulation of metabolites of the amyloid-β-precursor protein (APP) is neurotoxic. We observed that transgenic mice overexpressing in neurons a human APP gene harboring the APPE693Q (Dutch) mutation have intraneuronal lysosomal accumulation of APP carboxylterminal fragments (APP-CTFs) and oligomeric amyloid β (oAβ) but no histological evidence of amyloid deposition. Morphometric quantification using the lysosomal marker protein 2 (LAMP-2) immunolabeling showed higher neuronal lysosomal counts in brain of 12-months-old APPE693Q as compared with age-matched non-transgenic littermates, and western blots showed increased lysosomal proteins including LAMP-2, cathepsin D and LC3. At 24 months of age, these mice also exhibited an accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain, along with increased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, an autophagosomal/autolysosomal marker. In addition to lysosomal changes at 12 months of age, these mice developed cholinergic neuronal loss in the basal forebrain, GABAergic neuronal loss in the cortex, hippocampus and basal forebrain and gliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus. These findings suggest a role for the intraneuronal accumulation of oAβ and APP-CTFs and resultant lysosomal pathology at early stages of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sam E. Gandy
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, and James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F. Smiley
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Hayward S, Milner-White EJ. Geometrical principles of homomeric β-barrels and β-helices: Application to modeling amyloid protofilaments. Proteins 2017. [PMID: 28646497 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Examples of homomeric β-helices and β-barrels have recently emerged. Here we generalize the theory for the shear number in β-barrels to encompass β-helices and homomeric structures. We introduce the concept of the "β-strip," the set of parallel or antiparallel neighboring strands, from which the whole helix can be generated giving it n-fold rotational symmetry. In this context, the shear number is interpreted as the sum around the helix of the fixed register shift between neighboring identical β-strips. Using this approach, we have derived relationships between helical width, pitch, angle between strand direction and helical axis, mass per length, register shift, and number of strands. The validity and unifying power of the method is demonstrated with known structures including α-hemolysin, T4 phage spike, cylindrin, and the HET-s(218-289) prion. From reported dimensions measured by X-ray fiber diffraction on amyloid fibrils, the relationships can be used to predict the register shift and the number of strands within amyloid protofilaments. This was used to construct models of transthyretin and Alzheimer β(40) amyloid protofilaments that comprise a single strip of in-register β-strands folded into a "β-strip helix." Results suggest both stabilization of an individual β-strip helix and growth by addition of further β-strip helices can involve the same pair of sequence segments associating with β-sheet hydrogen bonding at the same register shift. This process would be aided by a repeat sequence. Hence, understanding how the register shift (as the distance between repeat sequences) relates to helical dimensions will be useful for nanotube design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hayward
- D'Arcy Thompson Centre for Computational Biology, School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - E James Milner-White
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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21
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Ferulic Acid Suppresses Amyloid β Production in the Human Lens Epithelial Cell Stimulated with Hydrogen Peroxide. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5343010. [PMID: 28409157 PMCID: PMC5376927 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5343010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that oxidative stresses induce the production of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain, lens, and retina, leading to age-related diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ferulic acid on the Aβ levels in H2O2-stimulated human lens epithelial (HLE) SRA 01/04 cells. Three types of Aβ peptides (Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and Aβ1-43) were measured by ELISA, and the levels of mRNA for the expressed proteins related to Aβ production (APP, BACE1, and PS proteins) and degradation (ADAM10, NEP, and ECE1 proteins) were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. H2O2 stimulation augmented gene expression of the proteins related to Aβ production, resulting in the production of three types of Aβ peptides. Treatment with 0.1 μM ferulic acid attenuated the augmentations of gene expression and production of the proteins related to the secretion of three types of Aβ peptides in the H2O2-stimulated HLE cells. These results provided evidence of antioxidative functions of ferulic acid for lens epithelial cells.
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22
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Nagai N, Ito Y, Shibata T, Kubo E, Sasaki H. A positive feedback loop between nitric oxide and amyloid β (1-42) accelerates mitochondrial damage in human lens epithelial cells. Toxicology 2017; 381:19-30. [PMID: 28242320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have reported that excessive nitric oxide (NO), like other reactive oxygen species (ROS), causes a decrease in cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity and ATP levels (mitochondrial damage) resulting in lens opacity. In addition, previous reports have shown that oxidative stress caused by ROS enhances amyloid β (Aβ) production in mammalian lenses, and that Aβ1-42 stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity. Based on these reports, we investigated the relationship between NO and Aβ1-42 production in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. iNOS was induced by the co-incubation of HLE cells with 1000 IU interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and 100ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48h. This led to enhanced NO release, an increase in the gene expression levels of proteins related to Aβ production, and the cellular accumulation of Aβ1-42. Moreover, both aminoguanidine (AG, a selective inhibitor of iNOS) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC, a nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) inhibitor) attenuated these changes in IFN-γ and LPS stimulated HLE cells. Based on our finding that Aβ1-42 accumulation is induced by co-incubation of HLE cells with both IFN-γ and LPS, we prepared a HLE cell model with Aβ1-42 accumulation (Aβ-accumulated-HLE cell model) by pre-stimulating cells with IFN-γ and LPS for 48h. Aβ1-42 accumulation caused NO production via iNOS, resulting in an enhancement in the mRNA levels for enzymes necessary for the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Aβ in HLE cells. In addition, excessive NO produced in response to Aβ1-42 accumulation led to a decrease in CCO activity and ATP levels. Taken together, we hypothesize that excessive NO production in the lens epithelium enhances Aβ1-42 production, and that this enhancement accelerates NO release. The enhancement in NO production in the lens epithelium based on positive feedback (NO-Aβ positive feedback loop, a vicious cycle) may promote the onset of cataracts (lens opacification) via the decrease in CCO activity and ATP levels. These findings provide significant information that can be used to design further studies aimed at developing anti-cataract drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Teppei Shibata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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23
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Hayden EY, Conovaloff JL, Mason A, Bitan G, Teplow DB. Preparation of pure populations of covalently stabilized amyloid β-protein oligomers of specific sizes. Anal Biochem 2016; 518:78-85. [PMID: 27810329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomers may be seminal pathogenic agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD). If so, developing oligomer-targeted therapeutics requires an understanding of oligomer structure. This has been difficult due to the instability of these non-covalently associated Aβ assemblies. We previously used rapid, zero-length, in situ chemical cross-linking to stabilize oligomers of Aβ40. These enabled us to isolate pure, stable populations of dimers, trimers, and tetramers and to determine their structure-activity relationships. However, equivalent methods applied to Aβ42 did not produce stable oligomers. We report here that the use of an Aβ42 homologue, [F10, Y42]Aβ42, coupled with sequential denaturation/dissociation and gel electrophoresis procedures, provides the means to produce highly pure, stable populations of oligomers of sizes ranging from dimer through dodecamer that are suitable for structure-activity relationship determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y Hayden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Joseph L Conovaloff
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ashley Mason
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - David B Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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24
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Yamin G, Coppola G, Teplow DB. Design, Characterization, and Use of a Novel Amyloid β-Protein Control for Assembly, Neurotoxicity, and Gene Expression Studies. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5049-60. [PMID: 27505174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A key pathogenic agent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid β-protein (Aβ), which self-assembles into a variety of neurotoxic structures. Establishing structure-activity relationships for these assemblies, which is critical for proper therapeutic target identification and design, requires aggregation and neurotoxicity experiments that are properly controlled with respect to the Aβ peptide itself. "Reverse" Aβ or non-Aβ peptides suffer from the fact that their biophysical properties are too similar or dissimilar, respectively, to those of native Aβ for them to be appropriate controls. For this reason, we used simple protein design principles to create scrambled Aβ peptides predicted to behave distinctly from native Aβ. We showed that our prediction was true by monitoring secondary structure dynamics with thioflavin T fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, determining oligomer size distributions, and assaying neurotoxic activity. We then demonstrated the utility of the scrambled Aβ peptides by using them to control experiments examining the effects of Aβ monomers, dimers, higher-order oligomers, and fibrils on gene expression in primary rat hippocampal neurons. Significant changes in gene expression were observed for all peptide assemblies, but fibrils induced the largest changes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed two predominant gene modules related to Aβ treatment. Many genes within these modules were associated with inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghiam Yamin
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David B Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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25
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Salazar C, Valdivia G, Ardiles ÁO, Ewer J, Palacios AG. Genetic variants associated with neurodegenerative Alzheimer disease in natural models. Biol Res 2016; 49:14. [PMID: 26919851 PMCID: PMC4769573 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases has made valuable contributions to the field. However, some important limitations, including protein overexpression and general systemic compensation for the missing genes, has caused researchers to seek natural models that show the main biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases during aging. Here we review some of these models-most of them rodents, focusing especially on the genetic variations in biomarkers for Alzheimer diseases, in order to explain their relationships with variants associated with the occurrence of the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Valdivia
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - John Ewer
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Adrián G Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile. .,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Pasaje Harrington 287, Playa Ancha, 2360102, Valparaíso, Chile.
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26
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Kim HY, Choi I. Ultrafast colorimetric determination of predominant protein structure evolution with gold nanoplasmonic particles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1952-1959. [PMID: 26500087 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular and extracellular accumulation of disordered proteins and aggregated proteins occurs in many protein conformational diseases, such as aging-related neurodegeneration and alcoholic liver diseases. However, the conventional methods to study protein structural changes are limited for the rapid detection and monitoring of protein aggregation because of long incubation times (i.e., usually several days), complicated sample pretreatment steps, and expensive instrumentation. Here, we describe an ultrafast colorimetric method for the real-time monitoring of protein structure evolution and the determination of predominant structures via nanoparticle-assisted protein aggregation. During the aggregation process, nanoparticles act as nucleation cores, which form networks depending on the structures of the protein aggregates, and accelerate the kinetics of the protein aggregation. Simultaneously, these nanoparticles exhibit colorimetric responses according to their embedded shapes (e.g., fibrillar and amorphous) on the protein aggregates. We observed distinct spectral shifts and concomitant colorimetric responses of concentration- and type-dependent protein aggregation with the naked eye within a few minutes (<2 min) under acidic conditions. Moreover, the morphological transitions from small aggregates to larger aggregates of nanoparticle-assisted protein aggregates were visualized with dark-field microscope imaging, which show a similar trend with that of protein aggregates formed without the aid of nanoparticles. Finally we show that our proposed method can be utilized to screen the protein aggregation propensity under a variety of conditions such as different pH levels, high temperature, and chemicals. These findings suggest that the proposed method is an easy way to study the molecular biophysics of protein aggregation and to rapidly screen anti-aggregation drugs for protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Di Natale G, Sinopoli A, Grenács Á, Sanna D, Sóvágó I, Pappalardo G. Copper(ii) coordination properties of the Aβ(1–16)2 peptidomimetic: experimental evidence of intermolecular macrochelate complex species in the Aβ dimer. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination features of the copper(ii) complexes with a Aβ(1–16)2 dimeric model are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Sinopoli
- PhD Program in Translational Biomedicine
- University of Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Ágnes Grenács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Daniele Sanna
- CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
- 07040 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Imre Sóvágó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
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28
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Roychaudhuri R, Zheng X, Lomakin A, Maiti P, Condron MM, Benedek GB, Bitan G, Bowers MT, Teplow DB. Role of Species-Specific Primary Structure Differences in Aβ42 Assembly and Neurotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1941-55. [PMID: 26421877 PMCID: PMC4844016 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of species express the amyloid β-protein (Aβ (the term "Aβ" refers both to Aβ40 and Aβ42, whereas "Aβ40" and "Aβ42" refer to each isoform specifically). Those species expressing Aβ with primary structure identical to that expressed in humans have been found to develop amyloid deposits and Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology. In contrast, the Aβ sequence in mice and rats contains three amino acid substitutions, Arg5Gly, His13Arg, and Tyr10Phe, which apparently prevent the development of AD-like neuropathology. Interestingly, the brush-tailed rat, Octodon degus, expresses Aβ containing only one of these substitutions, His13Arg, and does develop AD-like pathology. We investigate here the biophysical and biological properties of Aβ peptides from humans, mice (Mus musculus), and rats (Octodon degus). We find that each peptide displays statistical coil → β-sheet secondary structure transitions, transitory formation of hydrophobic surfaces, oligomerization, formation of annuli, protofibrils, and fibrils, and an inverse correlation between rate of aggregation and aggregate size (faster aggregation produced smaller aggregates). The rank order of assembly rate was mouse > rat > Aβ42. The rank order of neurotoxicity of assemblies formed by each peptide immediately after preparation was Aβ42 > mouse ≈ rat. These data do not support long-standing hypotheses that the primary factor controlling development of AD-like neuropathology in rodents is Aβ sequence. Instead, the data support a hypothesis that assembly quaternary structure and organismal responses to toxic peptide assemblies mediate neuropathogenetic effects. The implication of this hypothesis is that a valid understanding of disease causation within a given system (organism, tissue, etc.) requires the coevaluation of both biophysical and cell biological properties of that system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Aleksey Lomakin
- Department of Physics and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Panchanan Maiti
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Margaret M. Condron
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - George B. Benedek
- Department of Physics and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Michael T. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - David B. Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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29
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Xu G, Ran Y, Fromholt SE, Fu C, Yachnis AT, Golde TE, Borchelt DR. Murine Aβ over-production produces diffuse and compact Alzheimer-type amyloid deposits. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:72. [PMID: 26566997 PMCID: PMC4644287 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transgenic overexpression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes that are either entirely human in sequence or have humanized Aβ sequences can produce Alzheimer-type amyloidosis in mice, provided the transgenes also encode mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD). Although transgenic mice have been produced that overexpress wild-type mouse APP, no mice have been generated that express mouse APP with FAD mutations. Here we describe two different versions of such mice that produce amyloid deposits consisting of entirely of mouse Aβ peptides. One line of mice co-expresses mouse APP-Swedish (moAPPswe) with a human presenilin exon-9 deleted variant (PS1dE9) and another line expresses mouse APP-Swedish/Indiana (APPsi) using tetracycline-regulated vectors (tet.moAPPsi). RESULTS Both lines of mice that produce mouse Aβ develop amyloid deposits, with the moAPPswe/PS1dE9 mice developing extracellular compact, cored, neuritic deposits that primarily localize to white matter tracts and meningial layers, whereas the tet.moAPPsi mice developed extracellular diffuse cortical/hippocampal deposits distributed throughout the parenchyma. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that murine Aβ peptides have the capacity to produce amyloid deposits that are morphologically similar to deposits found in human AD provided the murine APP gene harbors mutations linked to human FAD.
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30
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation and aging: Effects on spatial learning and memory after sleep deprivation in Octodon degus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Nagai N, Ito Y, Tanino T. Effect of High Glucose Levels on Amyloid β Production in Retinas of Spontaneous Diabetes Mellitus Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:601-10. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Wagoner VA, Cheon M, Chang I, Hall CK. Impact of sequence on the molecular assembly of short amyloid peptides. Proteins 2014; 82:1469-83. [PMID: 24449257 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to understand how the sequence of a protein affects the likelihood that it will form an amyloid fibril and the kinetics along the fibrillization pathway. The focus is on very short fragments of amyloid proteins since these play a role in the fibrillization of the parent protein and can form fibrils themselves. Discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations using the PRIME20 force field were performed of the aggregation of 48-peptide systems containing SNQNNF (PrP (170-175)), SSTSAA (RNaseA(15-20)), MVGGVV (Aβ(35-40)), GGVVIA (Aβ(37-42)), and MVGGVVIA (Aβ(35-42)). In our simulations SNQQNF, SSTTSAA, and MVGGVV form large numbers of fibrillar structures spontaneously (as in experiment). GGVVIA forms β-sheets that do not stack into fibrils (unlike experiment). The combination sequence MVGGVVIA forms less fibrils than MVGGVV, hindered by the presence of the hydrophobic residues at the C-terminal. Analysis of the simulation kinetics and energetics reveals why MVGGVV forms fibrils and GGVVIA does not, and why adding I and A to MVGGVVIA reduces fibrillization and enhances amorphous aggregation into oligomeric structures. The latter helps explain why Aβ(1-42) assembles into more complex oligomers than Aβ(1-40), a consequence of which is that it is more strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Wagoner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7905
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33
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Washington PM, Morffy N, Parsadanian M, Zapple DN, Burns MP. Experimental traumatic brain injury induces rapid aggregation and oligomerization of amyloid-beta in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. J Neurotrauma 2013; 31:125-34. [PMID: 24050316 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers are hypothesized to be the pathogenic species in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and increased levels of oligomers in the brain subsequent to traumatic brain injury (TBI) may exacerbate secondary injury pathways and underlie increased risk of developing AD in later life. To determine whether TBI causes Aβ aggregation and oligomerization in the brain, we exposed triple transgenic AD model mice to controlled cortical impact injury and measured levels of soluble, insoluble, and oligomeric Aβ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 1, 3, and 7 days postinjury. TBI rapidly increased levels of both soluble and insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the injured cortex at 1 day postinjury. We confirmed previous findings that identified damaged axons as a major site of Aβ accumulation using both immunohistochemistry and biochemistry. We also report that soluble Aβ oligomers were significantly increased in the injured cortex, as demonstrated by both ELISA and Western blot. Interestingly, the mouse brain is able to rapidly clear trauma-induced Aβ, with both soluble and insoluble Aβ species returning to sham levels by 7 days postinjury. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TBI causes acute accumulation and aggregation of Aβ in the brain, including the formation of low- and high-molecular-weight Aβ oligomers. The formation and aggregation of Aβ into toxic species acutely after injury may play a role in secondary injury cascades after trauma and, chronically, may contribute to increased risk of developing AD in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Washington
- 1 Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC
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34
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Suárez-Calvet M, Belbin O, Pera M, Badiola N, Magrané J, Guardia-Laguarta C, Muñoz L, Colom-Cadena M, Clarimón J, Lleó A. Autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease mutations at the same codon of amyloid precursor protein differentially alter Aβ production. J Neurochem 2013; 128:330-9. [PMID: 24117942 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) or Presenilin (PSEN) genes. Studying the mechanisms underlying these mutations can provide insight into the pathways that lead to AD pathology. The majority of biochemical studies on APP mutations to-date have focused on comparing mechanisms between mutations at different codons. It has been assumed that amino acid position is a major determinant of protein dysfunction and clinical phenotype. However, the differential effect of mutations at the same codon has not been sufficiently addressed. In the present study we compared the effects of the aggressive ADAD-associated APP I716F mutation with I716V and I716T on APP processing in human neuroglioma and CHO-K1 cells. All APP I716 mutations increased the ratio of Aβ42/40 and changed the product line preference of γ-secretase towards Aβ38 production. In addition, the APP I716F mutation impaired the ε-cleavage and the fourth cleavage of γ-secretase and led to abnormal APP β-CTF accumulation at the plasma membrane. Taken together, these data indicate that APP mutations at the same codon can induce diverse abnormalities in APP processing, some resembling PSEN1 mutations. These differential effects could explain the clinical differences observed among ADAD patients bearing different APP mutations at the same position. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) I716F mutation is associated with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease with the youngest age-at-onset for the APP locus. Here, we describe that this mutation, when compared to two other familial Alzheimer's disease mutations at the same codon (I716V and I716T), interfered distinctly with γ-secretase cleavage. While all three mutations direct γ-secretase cleavage towards the 48→38 production line, the APP I716F mutation also impaired the ε-cleavage and the fourth cleavage of γ-secretase, resembling a PSEN1 mutation. These features may contribute to the aggressiveness of this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Alzheimer Laboratory, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Nagai N, Ito Y. Excessive hydrogen peroxide enhances the attachment of amyloid β1-42 in the lens epithelium of UPL rats, a hereditary model for cataracts. Toxicology 2013; 315:55-64. [PMID: 23941810 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is related to the toxicity of amyloid β (Aβ), and that the accumulation of Aβ in the lenses of humans causes lens opacification. In this study, we investigate the accumulation of Aβ1-42 in the lenses of UPL rats, which then leads to lens opacification. In addition, we demonstrate the effect of disulfiram eye drops (DSF), a potent radical scavenger, on Aβ1-42 accumulation in the lenses of UPL rats. The H2O2 levels in 46- to 60-day-old UPL rat lenses are significantly higher than in normal rats, and the Aβ1-42 levels in 53- and 60-day-old UPL rats are also increased only in lens epithelium containing capsules (capsule-epithelium), not in the lens cortex and nucleus. However, no increases in amyloid precursor protein (APP), β- or γ-secretase mRNA were observed in lenses of the corresponding ages. It has been thought that Aβ1-42 that accumulates in the lenses of UPL rats is actually produced in another tissue containing neuronal cells, such as brain or retina. Aβ1-42 levels in the brain and retina rise with aging, and the levels of APP, β- and γ-secretase mRNA in the retinas of 53-day-old UPL rats with opaque lenses are significantly higher than in 25-day-old UPL rats with transparent lenses. In contrast to the results in retinas, the levels of APP, β- and γ-secretase mRNA in the brains of 25- and 53-day-old UPL rats are similar. On the other hand, in an in vitro study, Aβ1-42 attachment in the lens capsule-epithelium of UPL rats was found to increase in H2O2. In addition, in an in vivo study, the inhibition of H2O2 by DSF was found to attenuate the increase in Aβ1-42 in the lens capsule-epithelium of 60-day-old UPL rats. Taken together, we hypothesize that excessive H2O2 in the lens enhances the attachment of Aβ1-42 in the lens capsule-epithelium of UPL rats, and that the instillation of DSF has the ability to attenuate the attachment of Aβ1-42 by inhibiting H2O2 production in lens. These findings provide significant information that can be used to design further studies aimed at developing anti-cataract drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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36
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GhattyVenkataKrishna PK, Uberbacher EC, Cheng X. Effect of the amyloid β hairpin's structure on the handedness of helices formed by its aggregates. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2649-55. [PMID: 23845280 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various structural models for amyloid β fibrils have been derived from a variety of experimental techniques. However, these models cannot differentiate between the relative position of the two arms of the β hairpin called the stagger. Amyloid fibrils of various hierarchical levels form left-handed helices composed of β sheets. However it is unclear if positive, negative and zero staggers all form the macroscopic left-handed helices. To address this issue we have conducted extensive molecular dynamics simulations of amyloid β sheets of various staggers and shown that only negative staggers lead to the experimentally observed left-handed helices while positive staggers generate the incorrect right-handed helices. This result suggests that the negative staggers are physiologically relevant structure of the amyloid β fibrils.
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37
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Nalivaeva NN, Turner AJ. The amyloid precursor protein: a biochemical enigma in brain development, function and disease. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2046-54. [PMID: 23684647 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For 20 years the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) has placed the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), formed from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), centre stage in the process of neurodegeneration. However, no new therapeutic agents have reached the clinic through exploitation of the hypothesis. The APP metabolites, including Aβ, generated by its proteolytic processing, have distinct physiological functions. In particular, the cleaved intracellular domain of APP (AICD) regulates expression of several genes, including APP itself, the β-secretase BACE-1 and the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin and this transcriptional regulation involves direct promoter binding of AICD. Of the three major splice isoforms of APP (APP695, APP751, APP770), APP695 is the predominant neuronal form, from which Aβ and transcriptionally-active AICD are preferentially generated by selective processing through the amyloidogenic pathway. Despite intensive research, the normal functions of the APP isoforms remain an enigma. APP plays an important role in brain development, memory and synaptic plasticity and secreted forms of APP are neuroprotective. A fuller understanding of the physiological and pathological actions of APP and its metabolic and gene regulatory network could provide new therapeutic opportunities in neurodegeneration, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N Nalivaeva
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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38
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Brandenburg E, Berlepsch HV, Leiterer J, Emmerling F, Koksch B. Formation of α-helical nanofibers by mixing β-structured and α-helical coiled coil peptides. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3542-51. [PMID: 22946440 DOI: 10.1021/bm300882d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The helical coiled coil is a well-studied folding motif that can be used for the design of nanometer-sized bioinspired fibrous structures with potential applications as functional materials. A two-component system of coiled coil based model peptides is investigated, which forms, under acidic conditions, uniform, hundreds of nanometers long, and ~2.6 nm thick trimeric α-helical fibers. In the absence of the other component and under the same solvent conditions, one model peptide forms β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils and the other forms stable trimeric α-helical coiled coils, respectively. These observations reveal that the complementary interactions driving helical folding are much stronger here than those promoting the intermolecular β-sheet formation. The results of this study are important in the context of amyloid inhibition but also open up new avenues for the design of novel fibrous peptidic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Brandenburg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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39
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Early accumulation of intracellular fibrillar oligomers and late congophilic amyloid angiopathy in mice expressing the Osaka intra-Aβ APP mutation. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e183. [PMID: 23149447 PMCID: PMC3565767 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic amyloid-β peptide precursor (APP) mutations clustered around position 693 of APP-position 22 of the Aβ sequence--are commonly associated with congophilic amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and intracerebral hemorrhages. In contrast, the Osaka (E693Δ) intra-Aβ APP mutation shows a recessive pattern of inheritance that leads to AD-like dementia despite low brain amyloid on in vivo positron emission tomography imaging. Here, we investigated the effects of the Osaka APP mutation on Aβ accumulation and deposition in vivo using a newly generated APP transgenic mouse model (E22ΔAβ) expressing the Osaka mutation together with the Swedish (K670N/M671L) double mutation. E22ΔAβ mice exhibited reduced α-processing of APP and early accumulation of intraneuronal fibrillar Aβ oligomers associated with cognitive deficits. In line with our in vitro findings that recombinant E22Δ-mutated Aβ peptides form amyloid fibrils, aged E22ΔAβ mice showed extracellular CAA deposits in leptomeningeal cerebellar and cortical vessels. In vitro results from thioflavin T aggregation assays with recombinant Aβ peptides revealed a yet unknown antiamyloidogenic property of the E693Δ mutation in the heterozygous state and an inhibitory effect of E22Δ Aβ42 on E22Δ Aβ40 fibrillogenesis. Moreover, E22Δ Aβ42 showed a unique aggregation kinetics lacking exponential fibril growth and poor seeding effects on wild-type Aβ aggregation. These results provide a possible explanation for the recessive trait of inheritance of the Osaka APP mutation and the apparent lack of amyloid deposition in E693Δ mutation carriers.
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40
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Hamley IW. The Amyloid Beta Peptide: A Chemist’s Perspective. Role in Alzheimer’s and Fibrillization. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5147-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. W. Hamley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD,
U.K
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41
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Cernescu M, Stark T, Kalden E, Kurz C, Leuner K, Deller T, Göbel M, Eckert GP, Brutschy B. Laser-Induced Liquid Bead Ion Desorption Mass Spectrometry: An Approach to Precisely Monitor the Oligomerization of the β-Amyloid Peptide. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5276-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300258m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Cernescu
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M,
Germany, 60438
| | - Tina Stark
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany, 60438
| | - Elisabeth Kalden
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany, 60438
| | - Christopher Kurz
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocentre, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany, 60438
| | - Kristina Leuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocentre, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany, 60438
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy,
Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Goethe-University, Neuroscience Center, Frankfurt/M, Germany, 60590
| | - Michael Göbel
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany, 60438
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocentre, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany, 60438
| | - Bernhard Brutschy
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M,
Germany, 60438
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42
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Sheikh K, Giordani C, McManus JJ, Hovgaard MB, Jarvis SP. Differing modes of interaction between monomeric Aβ1–40 peptides and model lipid membranes: an AFM study. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Williams TL, Serpell LC. Membrane and surface interactions of Alzheimer’s Aβ peptide - insights into the mechanism of cytotoxicity. FEBS J 2011; 278:3905-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Grasso G. The use of mass spectrometry to study amyloid-β peptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:347-365. [PMID: 21500241 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) varies in size from 39 to 43 amino acids and arises from sequential β- and γ-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Whereas the non-pathological role for Aβ is yet to be established, there is no disputing that Aβ is now widely regarded as central to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The so named "amyloid cascade hypothesis" states that disease progression is the result of an increased Aβ burden in affected areas of the brain. To elucidate the Aβ role in AD, many analytical approaches have been proposed as suitable tools to investigate not only the total Aβ load but also many other issues that are considered crucial for AD, such as: (i) the aggregation state in which Aβ is present; (ii) its interaction with other species or metals; (iii) its ability to induce oxidative stress; and (iv) its degradative pathways. This review provides an insight into the use of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of Aβ investigation aimed to assess its role in AD. In particular, the different MS-based approaches applied in vitro and in vivo that can provide detailed information on the above-mentioned issues are reviewed. Moreover, the advantages offered by the MS methods over all the other techniques are highlighted, together with the recent developments and uses of combined analytical approaches to detect and characterize Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Chemistry Department, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
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45
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Velez-Vega C, Escobedo FA. Characterizing the structural behavior of selected Aβ-42 monomers with different solubilities. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4900-10. [PMID: 21486050 DOI: 10.1021/jp1086575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The conformational behavior of the wild-type amyloid β-42 (Aβ-42) monomer and two of its mutants was explored via all-atom replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent, to identify structural features that may promote or deter early-stage oligomerization. The markers used for this purpose indicate that while the three peptides are relatively flexible they have distinct preferential structures and degree of rigidity. In particular, we found that one mutant that remains in the monomeric state in experiments displays a characteristic N-terminal structure that significantly enhances its rigidity. This finding is consistent with various studies that have detected a reduction in oligomerization frequency and Aβ-related toxicity upon sequence-specific antibody or ligand binding to the N-terminal tail of wild-type monomers, likely leading to the stabilization of this region. In general, our results highlight a potential role of the N-terminal segment on Aβ oligomerization and give insights into specific interactions that may be responsible for promoting the pronounced structural changes observed upon introducing point mutations on the wild-type Aβ-42 peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Velez-Vega
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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46
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Qiang W, Yau WM, Tycko R. Structural evolution of Iowa mutant β-amyloid fibrils from polymorphic to homogeneous states under repeated seeded growth. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4018-29. [PMID: 21355554 PMCID: PMC3060308 DOI: 10.1021/ja109679q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Structural variations in β-amyloid fibrils are potentially important to the toxicity of these fibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We describe a repeated seeding protocol that selects a homogeneous fibril structure from a polymorphic initial state in the case of 40-residue β-amyloid fibrils with the Asp23-to-Asn, or Iowa, mutation (D23N-Aβ(1-40)). We use thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to track the evolution of fibril structure through multiple generations under this protocol. The data show that (i) repeated seeding selectively amplifies a single D23N-Aβ(1-40) fibril structure that can be a minor component of the initial polymorphic state; (ii) the final structure is highly sensitive to growth conditions, including pH, temperature, and agitation; (iii) although the initial state can include fibrils that contain both antiparallel and parallel β-sheets, the final structures contain only parallel β-sheets, suggesting that antiparallel β-sheet structures are thermodynamically and kinetically metastable. Additionally, our data demonstrate that ThT fluorescence enhancements, which are commonly used to monitor amyloid fibril formation, vary strongly with structural variations, even among fibrils comprised of the same polypeptide. Finally, we present a simple mathematical model that describes the structural evolution of fibril samples under repeated seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892-0520
| | - Wai-Ming Yau
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892-0520
| | - Robert Tycko
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892-0520
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47
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The Osaka FAD mutation E22Δ leads to the formation of a previously unknown type of amyloid β fibrils and modulates Aβ neurotoxicity. J Mol Biol 2011; 408:780-91. [PMID: 21402079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebral deposition of amyloid fibrils formed by the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. Aβ has a length of 39-43 amino acid residues; the predominant Aβ isoforms are Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. While the majority of AD cases occur spontaneously, a subset of early-onset familial AD cases is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the Aβ precursor protein or presenilin 1/presenilin 2. Recently, a deletion of glutamic acid at position 22 within the Aβ sequence (E22Δ) was identified in Japanese patients with familial dementia, but the aggregation properties of the deletion variant of Aβ are not well understood. We investigated the aggregation characteristics and neurotoxicity of recombinantly expressed Aβ isoforms 1-40 and 1-42 with and without the E22Δ mutation. We show that the E22Δ mutation strongly accelerates the fibril formation of Aβ1-42 E22Δ compared to Aβ1-42 wild type (wt). In addition, we demonstrate that fibrils of Aβ1-40 E22Δ form a unique quaternary structure characterized by a strong tendency to form fibrillar bundles and a strongly increased thioflavin T binding capacity. Aβ1-40 E22Δ was neurotoxic in rat primary neuron cultures as compared to nontoxic Aβ1-40 wt. Aβ1-42 E22Δ was less toxic than Aβ1-42 wt, but it significantly decreased neurite outgrowth per cell in neuronal primary cultures. Because Aβ1-40 is the major Aβ form in vivo, the gain of toxic function caused by the E22 deletion may explain the development of familial AD in mutation carriers.
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Loane DJ, Washington PM, Vardanian L, Pocivavsek A, Hoe HS, Duff KE, Cernak I, Rebeck GW, Faden AI, Burns MP. Modulation of ABCA1 by an LXR agonist reduces β-amyloid levels and improves outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:225-36. [PMID: 21175399 PMCID: PMC3037807 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases brain beta-amyloid (Aβ) in humans and animals. Although the role of Aβ in the injury cascade is unknown, multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated a correlation between reduced Aβ and improved outcome. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that enhance Aβ clearance may be beneficial after TBI. Increased levels of ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporters can enhance Aβ clearance through an apolipoprotein E (apoE)-mediated pathway. By measuring Aβ and ABCA1 after experimental TBI in C57BL/6J mice, we found that Aβ peaked early after injury (1-3 days), whereas ABCA1 had a delayed response (beginning at 3 days). As ABCA1 levels increased, Aβ levels returned to baseline levels-consistent with the known role of ABCA1 in Aβ clearance. To test if enhancing ABCA1 levels could block TBI-induced Aβ, we treated TBI mice with the liver X-receptor (LXR) agonist T0901317. Pre- and post-injury treatment increased ABCA1 levels at 24 h post-injury, and reduced the TBI-induced increase in Aβ. This reduction in Aβ was not due to decreased amyloid precursor protein processing, or a shift in the solubility of Aβ, indicating enhanced clearance. T0901317 also limited motor coordination deficits in injured mice and reduced brain lesion volume. These data indicate that activation of LXR can reduce Aβ accumulation after TBI, and is accompanied by improved functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Lilit Vardanian
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Ana Pocivavsek
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Karen E. Duff
- Department of Pathology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease Research, and Integrative Neuroscience New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ibolja Cernak
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland
| | - G. William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Alan I. Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark P. Burns
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
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49
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Inouye H, Gleason KA, Zhang D, Decatur SM, Kirschner DA. Differential effects of Phe19 and Phe20 on fibril formation by amyloidogenic peptide A beta 16-22 (Ac-KLVFFAE-NH2). Proteins 2010; 78:2306-21. [PMID: 20544966 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The sequence KLVFFAE (A beta 16-22) in Alzheimer's beta-amyloid is thought to be a core beta-structure that could act as a template for folding other parts of the polypeptide or molecules into fibrillar assemblies rich in beta-sheet. To elucidate the mechanism of the initial folding process, we undertook combined X-ray fiber/powder diffraction and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to analyze lyophilized A beta 16-22 and solubilized/dried peptide containing nitrile probes at F19 and/or F20. Solubilized/dried wild-type (WT) A beta 16-22 and the peptide containing cyanophenylalanine at F19 (19CN) or at F20 (20CN) gave fiber patterns consistent with slab-like beta-crystallites that were cylindrically averaged around the axis parallel to the polypeptide chain direction. The WT and 19CN assemblies showed 30-A period arrays arising from the stacking of the slabs along the peptide chain direction, whereas the 20CN assemblies lacked any such stacking. The electron density projection along the peptide chain direction indicated similar side-chain dispositions for WT and 20CN, but not for 19CN. These X-ray results and modeling imply that in the assembly of WT A beta 16-22 the F19 side chain is localized within the intersheet space and is involved in hydrophobic contact with amino acids across the intersheet space, whereas the F20 side chain localized near the slab surface is less important for the intersheet interaction, but involved in slab stacking. IR observations for the same peptides in dilute solution showed a greater degree of hydrogen bonding for the nitrile groups in 20CN than in 19CN, supporting this interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Inouye
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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50
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Bockhorn JJ, Lazar KL, Gasser AJ, Luther LM, Qahwash IM, Chopra N, Meredith SC. Novel semisynthetic method for generating full length beta-amyloid peptides. Biopolymers 2010; 94:511-20. [PMID: 20593467 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial expression of full length beta-amyloid (Abeta) is problematic because of toxicity and poor solubility of the expressed protein, and a strong tendency of Met35 to become oxidized in inclusion bodies. We have developed a semisynthetic method in which Abeta1-29 is expressed in bacteria as part of a fusion protein with a C-terminal intein and Chitin-Binding Domain (CBD). There is also a single residue, N-terminal Met extension. The protein, Met-Abeta1-29-Intein-CBD, is well expressed and highly water-soluble. After binding of the expressed protein to Chitin beads, treatment with sodium 2-mercapto-ethane sulfonate (MESNA) yields Met-Abeta1-29-MESNA, with a C-terminal thioester suitable for native chemical ligation. Met-Abeta1-29-MESNA is first subjected to CNBr cleavage, which removes the N-terminal Met residue, but leaves the thioester intact. We synthesized NH2-A30C-Abeta30-40, which has an N-terminal Cys residue and is the partner for native chemical ligation with Met-Abeta1-29-MESNA. Native chemical ligation proceeds rapidly and efficiently (>90% yield) to give A30C-Abeta1-40. The final step is selective desulfurization using Raney-Ni, which also proceeds rapidly and efficiently (>90% yield) to give native sequence Abeta1-40. Overall, this system is highly efficient, and can yield approximately 8-10 mg of pure Abeta1-40 from one liter of bacterial culture medium. This procedure is adaptable for producing other Abeta peptides. We have also expressed an Abeta construct bearing a point mutation associated with one type of familial Alzheimer's Disease, the Iowa mutation, i.e., Met-D23N-Abeta1-29-Intein-CBD. Since expression of the intein-containing fusion protein is robust in minimal media as well as standard enriched media, this procedure also can be readily modified for incorporating 15N or 13C labels for NMR. Future work will also include extending this system to longer Abeta peptides, such as Abeta1-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Bockhorn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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