1
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Zhu S, Zhao M, Zhou H, Wen Y, Wang Y, Liao Y, Zhou X, Xie X. One-pot synthesis of hyperbranched polymers via visible light regulated switchable catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1622. [PMID: 36959264 PMCID: PMC10036521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Switchable catalysis promises exceptional efficiency in synthesizing polymers with ever-increasing structural complexity. However, current achievements in such attempts are limited to constructing linear block copolymers. Here we report a visible light regulated switchable catalytic system capable of synthesizing hyperbranched polymers in a one-pot/two-stage procedure with commercial glycidyl acrylate (GA) as a heterofunctional monomer. Using (salen)CoIIICl (1) as the catalyst, the ring-opening reaction under a carbon monoxide atmosphere occurs with high regioselectivity (>99% at the methylene position), providing an alkoxycarbonyl cobalt acrylate intermediate (2a) during the first stage. Upon exposure to light, the reaction enters the second stage, wherein 2a serves as a polymerizable initiator for organometallic-mediated radical self-condensing vinyl polymerization (OMR-SCVP). Given the organocobalt chain-end functionality of the resulting hyperbranched poly(glycidyl acrylate) (hb-PGA), a further chain extension process gives access to a core-shell copolymer with brush-on-hyperbranched arm architecture. Notably, the post-modification with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) affords a metal-free hb-PGA that simultaneously improves the toughness and glass transition temperature of epoxy thermosets, while maintaining their storage modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Maoji Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongru Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfeng Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yonggui Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
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2
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Zhao M, Zhu S, Zhang G, Wang Y, Liao Y, Xu J, Zhou X, Xie X. One-Step Synthesis of Linear and Hyperbranched CO 2-Based Block Copolymers via Organocatalytic Switchable Polymerization. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maoji Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Thedford RP, Yu F, Tait WRT, Shastri K, Monticone F, Wiesner U. The Promise of Soft-Matter-Enabled Quantum Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203908. [PMID: 35863756 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The field of quantum materials has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, driven by exciting new discoveries with immense transformative potential. Traditional synthetic methods to quantum materials have, however, limited the exploration of architectural control beyond the atomic scale. By contrast, soft matter self-assembly can be used to tailor material structure over a large range of length scales, with a vast array of possible form factors, promising emerging quantum material properties at the mesoscale. This review explores opportunities for soft matter science to impact the synthesis of quantum materials with advanced properties. Existing work at the interface of these two fields is highlighted, and perspectives are provided on possible future directions by discussing the potential benefits and challenges which can arise from their bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paxton Thedford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - William R T Tait
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Kunal Shastri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Francesco Monticone
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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4
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Xie R, Zhu XF, Wu GP. Sequence-Reversible Construction of Oxygen-Rich Block Copolymers from Epoxide Mixtures by Organoboron Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19896-19909. [PMID: 36256447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Switchable catalysis, in combination with epoxide-involved ring-opening (co)polymerization, is a powerful technique that can be used to synthesize various oxygen-rich block copolymers. Despite intense research in this field, the sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide congeners has never been realized due to their similar ring-strain which exerts a decisive influence on the reaction process. Recently, quaternary ammonium (or phosphonium)-containing bifunctional organoboron catalysts have been developed by our group, showing high efficiency for various epoxide conversions. Herein, we, for the first time, report an operationally simple pathway to access well-defined polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers from mixtures of epoxides by switchable catalysis, which was enabled through thermodynamically and kinetically preferential ring-opening of terminal epoxides or internal epoxides under different atmospheres (CO2 or N2) using one representative bifunctional organoboron catalyst. This strategy shows a broad substrate scope as it is suitable for various combinations of terminal epoxides and internal epoxides, delivering corresponding well-defined block copolymers. NMR, MALDI-TOF, and gel permeation chromatography analyses confirmed the successful construction of polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers. Kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations elucidate the reversible selectivity between different epoxides in the presence/absence of CO2. Moreover, by replacing comonomer CO2 with cyclic anhydride, the well-defined polyether-block-polyester copolymers can also be synthesized. This work provides a rare example of sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide mixtures, broadening the arsenal of switchable catalysis that can produce oxygen-rich polymers in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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5
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Patil N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Orthogonally grown polycarbonate and polyvinyl block copolymers from mechanistically distinct (co)polymerizations. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistically distinct polymerization systems can afford unique block copolymers that would not be accessible by mere sequential polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganatha Patil
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Burg O, Sanguramath RA, Michman E, Eren N, Popov I, Shenhar R. Periodic nanowire arrays with alternating compositions and structures fabricated using a simultaneous nanowire formation step. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9937-9943. [PMID: 34693421 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of alternating metallic nanostructures present hybrid properties, which are useful for applications in photonics and catalysis. Block copolymer films provide versatile templates for fabricating periodic arrays of nanowires. Yet, creating arrays with alternating compositions or structures requires different modifications of domains of the same kind. By controlling the penetration depth of metal precursors into the film we were able to impregnate different layers of copolymer cylinders with different metals. Capitalizing on the hexagonal packing of the cylinders led to simultaneous formation of nanowires with alternating compositions and periodic arrangement on the substrate after plasma etching. Selective deposition of nanoparticles on the film enabled creating alternating bare and decorated nanowires, as well as trimetallic nanowire arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Burg
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Rajashekharayya A Sanguramath
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Elisheva Michman
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Noga Eren
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Inna Popov
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roy Shenhar
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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7
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Kurimoto S, Tong L, Maeda H, Nabae Y, Hayakawa T. Long‐Range Ordered Double Gyroid Structures via Solution Casting from Poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate)‐
block
‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kurimoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐S8‐36 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐S8‐36 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐S8‐36 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
| | - Yuta Nabae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐S8‐36 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐S8‐36 Ookayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
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8
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Lo Y, Chang C, Liu H, Huang C, Shi A. Self‐Assembly of Nonfrustrated ABCBA Linear Pentablock Terpolymers. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Tse Lo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Chin‐Hung Chang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Hsuan‐Hung Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Ching‐I. Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - An‐Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
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9
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Larder RR, Bennett TM, Blankenship LS, Fernandes JA, Husband BK, Atkinson RL, Derry MJ, Toolan DTW, Centurion HA, Topham PD, Gonçalves RV, Taresco V, Howdle SM. Porous hollow TiO2 microparticles for photocatalysis: exploiting novel ABC triblock terpolymer templates synthesised in supercritical CO2. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of phase separated PMMA-b-PS-b-P4VP microparticles via RAFT-mediated dispersion polymerisation in scCO2 and their use as a structure-directing agent for the fabrication of TiO2 microparticles for photocatalysis.
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10
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Li C, Dong Q, Li W. Largely Tunable Asymmetry of Phase Diagrams of A(AB) n Miktoarm Star Copolymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingshu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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11
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Polycarbonate-block-polycycloalkenes via epoxide/carbon dioxide copolymerization and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Wang HF, Chiu PT, Yang CY, Xie ZH, Hung YC, Lee JY, Tsai JC, Prasad I, Jinnai H, Thomas EL, Ho RM. Networks with controlled chirality via self-assembly of chiral triblock terpolymers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eabc3644. [PMID: 33055164 PMCID: PMC7556840 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanonetwork-structured materials can be found in nature and synthetic materials. A double gyroid (DG) with a pair of chiral networks but opposite chirality can be formed from the self-assembly of diblock copolymers. For triblock terpolymers, an alternating gyroid (GA) with two chiral networks from distinct end blocks can be formed; however, the network chirality could be positive or negative arbitrarily, giving an achiral phase. Here, by taking advantage of chirality transfer at different length scales, GA with controlled chirality can be achieved through the self-assembly of a chiral triblock terpolymer. With the homochiral evolution from monomer to multichain domain morphology through self-assembly, the triblock terpolymer composed of a chiral end block with a single-handed helical polymer chain gives the chiral network from the chiral end block having a particular handed network. Our real-space analyses reveal the preferred chiral sense of the network in the GA, leading to a chiral phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Po-Ting Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Ying Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Zhi-Hong Xie
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chueh Hung
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Yu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, No.168, Sec. 1, University Rd., Minhsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62142, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Cherng Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, No.168, Sec. 1, University Rd., Minhsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62142, R.O.C
| | - Ishan Prasad
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Edwin L Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C.
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13
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Yu F, Zhang Q, Thedford RP, Singer A, Smilgies DM, Thompson MO, Wiesner UB. Block Copolymer Self-Assembly-Directed and Transient Laser Heating-Enabled Nanostructures toward Phononic and Photonic Quantum Materials. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11273-11282. [PMID: 32790333 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) periodic ordering of silicon (Si), an inorganic semiconductor, on the mesoscale was achieved by combining block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly (SA) based mesoporous alternating gyroidal network formation with nonequilibrium transient laser heating. 3D continuous and periodically ordered alternating gyroidal mesoporous carbon thin-film networks were prepared from spin coating, SA under solvent vapor annealing (SVA), and thermal processing of mixtures of a triblock terpolymer with resorcinol resols. The resulting mesoporous thin films, acting as structure-directing templates, were backfilled with amorphous silicon (a-Si). Nanosecond excimer laser heating led to transient Si melts conformally filling the template pores and subsequent Si crystallization. The ordered mesostructure of the organic polymer-derived templates was kept intact, despite being thermally unstable at the high temperatures around the Si melting point (MP), leading to high pattern transfer fidelity. As evidenced by a combination of grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after template removal, the crystalline Si (c-Si) inherited the inverse network topology of the 3D mesoporous thin-film templates, but with reduced F222 space group symmetry (D2 point group symmetry) from compression of the cubic alternating gyroid lattice. Structures with this reduced symmetry have been proposed as photonic and phononic materials exhibiting topologically protected Weyl points, adding to the emerging field of BCP SA-directed quantum materials promising advanced physics and materials properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - R Paxton Thedford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael O Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ulrich B Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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14
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Li Y, Horia R, Tan WX, Larbaram N, Sasangka WA, Manalastas W, Madhavi S, Tan KW. Mesoporous Titanium Oxynitride Monoliths from Block Copolymer-Directed Self-Assembly of Metal-Urea Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10803-10810. [PMID: 32787003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a simple one-pot soft-templating and ammonolysis-free approach to synthesize mesoporous crystalline titanium oxynitride by combining block copolymer-directed self-assembly with metal sol and urea precursors. The Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer was employed to structure-direct titanium-oxo-acetate sol nanoparticles and urea-formaldehyde into ordered hybrid mesostructured monoliths. The hybrid composites were directly converted into mesoporous crystalline titanium oxynitride and retained macroscale monolithic integrity up to 800 °C under nitrogen. Notably, the urea-formaldehyde additive provided nitrogen and rigid support to the inorganic mesostructure during crystallization. The resultant mesoporous titanium oxynitride exhibited good electrochemical catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction in 1 M KOH aqueous medium under applied bias. Our results suggest an inexpensive and safe pathway to generate ordered mesoporous crystalline metal oxynitride structures suitable for catalyst and energy-storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Raymond Horia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Xin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nathawat Larbaram
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wardhana A Sasangka
- Low Energy Electronic Systems, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - William Manalastas
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Srinivasan Madhavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kwan W Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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15
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16
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Lequieu J, Quah T, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH. Complete Photonic Band Gaps with Nonfrustrated ABC Bottlebrush Block Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1074-1080. [PMID: 35648618 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush block polymers are a promising platform for self-assembled photonic materials, yet most work has been limited to one-dimensional photonic crystals based on the lamellar phase. Here we demonstrate with simulation that nonfrustrated ABC bottlebrush block polymers can be used to self-assemble three-dimensional photonic crystals with complete photonic band gaps. To show this, we have developed a computational approach that couples self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations to Maxwell's equations, thereby permitting a direct link between molecular design, self-assembly, and photonic band structures. Using this approach, we calculate the phase diagram of nonfrustrated ABC bottlebrush block polymers and identify regions where the alternating gyroid and alternating diamond phases are stable. By computing the photonic band structures of these phases, we demonstrate that complete band gaps can be found in regions of thermodynamic stability, thereby suggesting a route to realize these photonic materials experimentally. Furthermore, we demonstrate that gap size depends on volume fraction, segregation strength, and polymer architecture, and we identify a design strategy based on symmetry breaking that can achieve band gaps for lower values of refractive index contrast. Taken together, the approach presented here provides a powerful and flexible tool for predicting both the self-assembly and photonic band structures of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lequieu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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17
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Zhu S, Zhao Y, Ni M, Xu J, Zhou X, Liao Y, Wang Y, Xie X. One-Step and Metal-Free Synthesis of Triblock Quaterpolymers by Concurrent and Switchable Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:204-209. [PMID: 35638683 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A one-step and metal-free route to triblock quaterpolymers from mixtures of vinyl monomers, epoxides, anhydrides, and racemic lactide (rac-LA) has been described, which bridges three polymerization cycles involving ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides/anhydrides, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-LA, and RAFT polymerization of vinyl monomers. Taking advantage of the switchable polymerization between ROCOP and ROP, concurrent chain propagation of ROCOP/RAFT and ROP/RAFT sequentially occurs by using a trithiocarbonate compound with carboxylic group (TTC-COOH) as a versatile chain transfer agent. The multiple-chain transfer effect enables independent and precise control over the molecular weights of the three blocks and ensures narrow distribution of the resultant triblock quaterpolymers (Đ < 1.20). This work demonstrates the possibility to acquire block copolymers with high degree of structural complexities in a single efficient process by combining different block polymerization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingli Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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18
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Yi C, Yang Y, Liu B, He J, Nie Z. Polymer-guided assembly of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 49:465-508. [PMID: 31845685 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00725c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles is of great importance in realizing their enormous potentials for broad applications due to the advanced collective properties of nanoparticle ensembles. Various molecular ligands (e.g., small molecules, DNAs, proteins, and polymers) have been used to assist the organization of inorganic nanoparticles into functional structures at different hierarchical levels. Among others, polymers are particularly attractive for use in nanoparticle assembly, because of the complex architectures and rich functionalities of assembled structures enabled by polymers. Polymer-guided assembly of nanoparticles has emerged as a powerful route to fabricate functional materials with desired mechanical, optical, electronic or magnetic properties for a broad range of applications such as sensing, nanomedicine, catalysis, energy storage/conversion, data storage, electronics and photonics. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in the polymer-guided self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles in both bulk thin films and solution, with an emphasis on the role of polymers in the assembly process and functions of resulting nanostructures. Precise control over the location/arrangement, interparticle interaction, and packing of inorganic nanoparticles at various scales are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Yiqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Ben Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China and Department of Chemistry and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.
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19
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Guliyeva A, Vayer M, Warmont F, Takano A, Matsushita Y, Sinturel C. Transition Pathway between Gyroid and Cylindrical Morphology in Linear Triblock Terpolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Guliyeva
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), UMR 7374, CNRS-Université d’Orléans, CS 40059, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Marylène Vayer
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), UMR 7374, CNRS-Université d’Orléans, CS 40059, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Fabienne Warmont
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), UMR 7374, CNRS-Université d’Orléans, CS 40059, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Department of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Department of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Christophe Sinturel
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), UMR 7374, CNRS-Université d’Orléans, CS 40059, F-45071 Orléans, France
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20
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xue Z, Wang X, Xie X, Poli R. Oxygen‐Triggered Switchable Polymerization for the One‐Pot Synthesis of CO
2
‐Based Block Copolymers from Monomer Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS) Université de Toulouse UPS, INPT 205, route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse France
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21
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhou X, Xue Z, Wang X, Xie X, Poli R. Oxygen-Triggered Switchable Polymerization for the One-Pot Synthesis of CO 2 -Based Block Copolymers from Monomer Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14311-14318. [PMID: 31282122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Switchable polymerization provides the opportunity to regulate polymer sequence and structure in a one-pot process from mixtures of monomers. Herein we report the use of O2 as an external stimulus to switch the polymerization mechanism from the radical polymerization of vinyl monomers mediated by (Salen)CoIII -R [Salen=N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine; R=alkyl] to the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of CO2 /epoxides. Critical to this process is unprecedented monooxygen insertion into the Co-C bond, as rationalized by DFT calculations, leading to the formation of (Salen)CoIII -O-R as an active species to initiate ROCOP. Diblock poly(vinyl acetate)-b-polycarbonate could be obtained by ROCOP of CO2 /epoxides with preactivation of (Salen)Co end-capped poly(vinyl acetate). Furthermore, a poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(methyl acrylate)-b-polycarbonate triblock copolymer was successfully synthesized by a (Salen)cobalt-mediated sequential polymerization with an O2 -triggered switch in a one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CNRS), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205, route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France
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22
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She Y, Goodman ED, Lee J, Diroll BT, Cargnello M, Shevchenko EV, Berman D. Block-Co-polymer-Assisted Synthesis of All Inorganic Highly Porous Heterostructures with Highly Accessible Thermally Stable Functional Centers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30154-30162. [PMID: 31353888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a simple approach for the design of highly porous multicomponent heterostructures by infiltration of block-co-polymer templates with inorganic precursors in swelling solvents followed by gas-phase sequential infiltration synthesis and thermal annealing. This approach can prepare conformal coatings, free-standing membranes, and powders consisting of uniformly sized metal or metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) well dispersed in a porous oxide matrix. We employed this new, versatile synthetic concept to synthesize catalytically active heterostructures of uniformly dispersed ∼4.3 nm PdO nanoparticles accessible through three-dimensional pore networks of the alumina support. Importantly, such materials reveal high resistance against sintering at 800 °C, even at relatively high loadings of NPs (∼10 wt %). At the same time, such heterostructures enable high mass transport due to highly interconnected nature of the pores. The surface of synthesized nanoparticles in the porous matrix is highly accessible, which enables their good catalytic performance in methane and carbon monoxide oxidation. In addition, we demonstrate that this approach can be utilized to synthesize heterostructures consisting of different types of NPs on a highly porous support. Our results show that swelling-based infiltration provides a promising route toward the robust and scalable synthesis of multicomponent structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong She
- Materials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Emmett D Goodman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jihyung Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Elena V Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Diana Berman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
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23
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Shi LY, Liao F, Cheng LC, Lee S, Ran R, Shen Z, Ross CA. Core-Shell and Zigzag Nanostructures from a Thin Film Silicon-Containing Conformationally Asymmetric Triblock Terpolymer. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:852-858. [PMID: 35619504 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of multiblock copolymers generates diverse hierarchical nanostructures and greatly extends the range of microdomain geometries beyond those produced by diblock copolymers. We report the synthesis of a conformationally asymmetric ABC triblock terpolymer in which the end blocks are a mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymer and poly(dimethylsiloxane), respectively, and its self-assembly under mixed solvent vapor annealing forms a range of sphere, cylinder, and perforated lamellar core-shell morphologies, as well as stacked multilevel structures. Sub-7 nm diameter SiOx nanopatterns were generated by selective plasma etching of the small volume fraction Si-containing core block giving a line/space ratio of ∼1:4. Moreover, the conformational asymmetry of this terpolymer leads to zigzag cylinders on a flat substrate and stable cylinder alignment transverse to template sidewalls within lithographically patterned trenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fen Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Chen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rong Ran
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Tan KW, Wiesner U. Block Copolymer Self-Assembly Directed Hierarchically Structured Materials from Nonequilibrium Transient Laser Heating. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Wee Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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25
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Liu Y, Teng W, Chen G, Zhao Z, Zhang W, Kong B, Hozzein WN, Al-Khalaf AA, Deng Y, Zhao D. A vesicle-aggregation-assembly approach to highly ordered mesoporous γ-alumina microspheres with shifted double-diamond networks. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7705-7714. [PMID: 30393532 PMCID: PMC6182608 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alumina materials have widely been used in industrial fields, such as catalysis and adsorption. However, due to the fast sol-gel process and complicated crystalline-phase transformation, the synthesis of alumina materials with both highly ordered mesostructures and crystallized frameworks remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a novel vesicle-aggregation-assembly strategy to prepare highly ordered mesoporous γ-alumina microspheres with unique shifted double-diamond networks for the first time, by using diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PMMA) as a template and aluminum isopropoxide as a precursor in a tetrahydrofuran (THF)/hydrochloric acid binary solvent. During the gradual evaporation of THF and H2O, the as-made Al3+-based gel/PEO-b-PMMA composites can be obtained through a co-assembly process based on the hydrogen bonding interaction between hydroxyl groups of alumina oligomers and PEO segments of the diblock copolymers. The formed composites exhibit a spherical morphology with a wide size distribution (diameter size 1-12 μm). Furthermore, these composite microspheres possess an inverse bicontinuous cubic mesostructure (double diamond, Pn3[combining macron]m) with Al3+-based gel buried in the PEO-b-PMMA matrix in the form of two intertwined but disconnected networks. After a simple calcination at 900 °C in air, the structure of the resultant mesoporous alumina changes to a relatively low symmetry (shifted double diamond, Fd3[combining macron]m), ascribed to the shifting of the two alumina networks due to loss of the templates. Meanwhile, the unit cell size of the alumina mesostructure decreases from ∼131 to ∼95 nm. The obtained ordered mesoporous alumina products retain the spherical morphology and possess ultra-large mesopores (∼72.8 nm), columnar frameworks composed of γ-alumina nanocrystalline particles (crystal size of ∼15 nm) and high thermal stability (up to 900 °C). As a support of Au nanoparticles, the formed Au/mesoporous γ-alumina composite catalysts have been used in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol with a high kinetic constant k of 0.0888 min-1, implying promising potential as a catalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChEM , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China .
| | - Wei Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control , School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , P. R. China
| | - Zaiwang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChEM , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China .
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChEM , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China .
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChEM , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China .
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair , Zoology Department , College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department , Faculty of Science , Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Areej Abdulkareem Al-Khalaf
- Biology Department , College of Sciences , Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChEM , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China . .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology , Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChEM , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China .
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26
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Li Y, Zhang YY, Hu LF, Zhang XH, Du BY, Xu JT. Carbon dioxide-based copolymers with various architectures. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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27
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Cao X, Mao W, Mai Y, Han L, Che S. Formation of Diverse Ordered Structures in ABC Triblock Terpolymer Templated Macroporous Silicas. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenting Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shunai Che
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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28
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Wu GP. A Bifunctional β-Diiminate Zinc Catalyst with CO2/Epoxides Copolymerization and RAFT Polymerization Capacities for Versatile Block Copolymers Construction. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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29
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Fruchart M, Jeon SY, Hur K, Cheianov V, Wiesner U, Vitelli V. Soft self-assembly of Weyl materials for light and sound. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3655-E3664. [PMID: 29610349 PMCID: PMC5910856 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720828115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft materials can self-assemble into highly structured phases that replicate at the mesoscopic scale the symmetry of atomic crystals. As such, they offer an unparalleled platform to design mesostructured materials for light and sound. Here, we present a bottom-up approach based on self-assembly to engineer 3D photonic and phononic crystals with topologically protected Weyl points. In addition to angular and frequency selectivity of their bulk optical response, Weyl materials are endowed with topological surface states, which allow for the existence of one-way channels, even in the presence of time-reversal invariance. Using a combination of group-theoretical methods and numerical simulations, we identify the general symmetry constraints that a self-assembled structure has to satisfy to host Weyl points and describe how to achieve such constraints using a symmetry-driven pipeline for self-assembled material design and discovery. We illustrate our general approach using block copolymer self-assembly as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Fruchart
- Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands;
| | - Seung-Yeol Jeon
- Center for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Hur
- Center for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Vadim Cheianov
- Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Vincenzo Vitelli
- Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands;
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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30
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Mizuno Y, Nakano K. Block Copolymers of Aliphatic Polycarbonates: Combination of Immortal Epoxide/Carbon-dioxide Copolymerization and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Mizuno
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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31
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Wang Y, Lu XY, Wu GP, Zhang ZS, Wang K, Zhang RY, Nealey PF, Darensbourg DJ, Xu ZK. Synthesis of CO2-Based Block Copolymers via Chain Transfer Polymerization Using Macroinitiators: Activity, Blocking Efficiency, and Nanostructure. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze-Sheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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32
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Jo C, Hwang J, Lim WG, Lim J, Hur K, Lee J. Multiscale Phase Separations for Hierarchically Ordered Macro/Mesostructured Metal Oxides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1703829. [PMID: 29271508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Porous architectures play an important role in various applications of inorganic materials. Several attempts to develop mesoporous materials with controlled macrostructures have been reported, but they usually require complicated multiple-step procedures, which limits their versatility and suitability for mass production. Here, a simple approach for controlling the macrostructures of mesoporous materials, without templates for the macropores, is reported. The controlled solvent evaporation induces both macrophase separation via spinodal decomposition and mesophase separation via block copolymer self-assembly, leading to the formation of hierarchically porous metal oxides with periodic macro/mesostructures. In addition, using this method, macrostructures of mesoporous metal oxides are controlled into spheres and mesoporous powders containing isolated macropores. Nanocomputed tomography, focused ion beam milling, and electron microscopy confirm well-defined macrostructures containing mesopores. Among the various porous structures, hierarchically macro/mesoporous metal oxide is employed as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries. The present approach could provide a broad and easily accessible platform for the manufacturing of mesoporous inorganic materials with different macrostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshin Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkook Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gwang Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Beamline Division, Pohang Light Source, 80 Jigok-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Hur
- Center for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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33
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Zhang Q, Matsuoka F, Suh HS, Beaucage PA, Xiong S, Smilgies DM, Tan KW, Werner JG, Nealey PF, Wiesner UB. Pathways to Mesoporous Resin/Carbon Thin Films with Alternating Gyroid Morphology. ACS NANO 2018; 12:347-358. [PMID: 29236479 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) mesoporous thin films with sub-100 nm periodic lattices are of increasing interest as templates for a number of nanotechnology applications, yet are hard to achieve with conventional top-down fabrication methods. Block copolymer self-assembly derived mesoscale structures provide a toolbox for such 3D template formation. In this work, single (alternating) gyroidal and double gyroidal mesoporous thin-film structures are achieved via solvent vapor annealing assisted co-assembly of poly(isoprene-block-styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (PI-b-PS-b-PEO, ISO) and resorcinol/phenol formaldehyde resols. In particular, the alternating gyroid thin-film morphology is highly desirable for potential template backfilling processes as a result of the large pore volume fraction. In situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering during solvent annealing is employed as a tool to elucidate and navigate the pathway complexity of the structure formation processes. The resulting network structures are resistant to high temperatures provided an inert atmosphere. The thin films have tunable hydrophilicity from pyrolysis at different temperatures, while pore sizes can be tailored by varying ISO molar mass. A transfer technique between substrates is demonstrated for alternating gyroidal mesoporous thin films, circumventing the need to re-optimize film formation protocols for different substrates. Increased conductivity after pyrolysis at high temperatures demonstrates that these gyroidal mesoporous resin/carbon thin films have potential as functional 3D templates for a number of nanomaterials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Fumiaki Matsuoka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Hyo Seon Suh
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peter A Beaucage
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Shisheng Xiong
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Kwan Wee Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jörg G Werner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ulrich B Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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34
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Synthesis of ultraviolet absorption polylactide via immortal polymerization of rac-lactide initiated by a Salan-yttrium catalyst. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Saba SA, Lee B, Hillmyer MA. Tricontinuous Nanostructured Polymers via Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1232-1236. [PMID: 35650776 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured tricontinuous block polymers allow for the preparation of single-component materials that combine multiple properties. We demonstrate the synthesis of a mesoporous material from the selective orthogonal etching of a microphase-separated tricontinuous block polymer precursor. Using the synthetic approach of polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS), divinylbenzene (DVB) is polymerized from a mixture of poly(isoprene) (PI) and poly(lactide) (PLA) macro-chain transfer agents. In the PIMS process in situ cross-linking by the DVB arrests structural coarsening, resulting in a disordered block polymer morphology that we posit exhibits three nonintersecting continuous domains. Selective etching of the PI domains by olefin cross metathesis and PLA domains by hydrolytic degradation produces a mesoporous polymer with two independent pore networks arising from the different etch mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A. Saba
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bongjoon Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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36
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Li Y, Duan HY, Luo M, Zhang YY, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ. Mechanistic Study of Regio-Defects in the Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide/Carbonyl Sulfide Catalyzed by (Salen)CrX Complexes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Han-Yi Duan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ming Luo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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37
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Childers MI, Vitek AK, Morris LS, Widger PCB, Ahmed SM, Zimmerman PM, Coates GW. Isospecific, Chain Shuttling Polymerization of Propylene Oxide Using a Bimetallic Chromium Catalyst: A New Route to Semicrystalline Polyols. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11048-11054. [PMID: 28671825 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy-telechelic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) is widely used industrially as a midsegment in polyurethane synthesis. These atactic polymers are produced from racemic propylene oxide using chain shuttling agents and double-metal cyanide catalysts. Unlike atactic PPO, isotactic PPO is semicrystalline with a melting temperature of approximately 67 °C. Currently there is no practical route to hydroxy-telechelic isotactic PPO using racemic propylene oxide as the monomer. In this paper, hydroxy-telechelic isotactic PPO is synthesized from racemic propylene oxide with control of molecular weight using enantioselective and isoselective bimetallic catalysts in conjunction with chain shuttling agents. The discovery of an easily accessible bimetallic chromium catalyst is reported for this transformation. Diol, triol, and polymeric chain shuttling agents are used to give hydroxy-telechelic isotactic PPO of varying functionality and structure. Detailed quantum chemical studies are used to reveal the polymerization mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ian Childers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Andrew K Vitek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Lilliana S Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Peter C B Widger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Syud M Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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38
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Scharfenberg M, Hofmann S, Preis J, Hilf J, Frey H. Rigid Hyperbranched Polycarbonate Polyols from CO2 and Cyclohexene-Based Epoxides. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Scharfenberg
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Silja Hofmann
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Preis
- PSS Polymer
Standards
Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese
5, 55120 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jeannette Hilf
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Material Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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39
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Romain C, Garden JA, Trott G, Buchard A, White AJP, Williams CK. Di-Zinc-Aryl Complexes: CO 2 Insertions and Applications in Polymerisation Catalysis. Chemistry 2017; 23:7367-7376. [PMID: 28370511 PMCID: PMC5488170 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two new di-zinc-aryl complexes, [LZn2 Ph2 ] and [LZn2 (C6 F5 )2 ], coordinated by a diphenol tetraamine macrocyclic ligand have been prepared and fully characterised, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The complexes' reactivities with monomers including carbon dioxide, cyclohexene oxide, phthalic anhydride, isopropanol and phenol were investigated using both experimental studies and density functional theory calculations. In particular, [LZn2 Ph2 ] readily inserts carbon dioxide to form a carboxylate, at 1 bar pressure, whereas [LZn2 (C6 F5 )2 ] does not react. Under these conditions [LZn2 Ph2 ] shows moderate activity in the ring-opening copolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide/carbon dioxide (TOF=20 h-1 ), cyclohexene oxide/phthalic anhydride (TOF=33 h-1 ) and the ring-opening polymerisations of rac-lactide (TOF=99 h-1 ) and ϵ-caprolactone (TOF=5280 h-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Romain
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Gemma Trott
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX2 3TAUK
| | | | | | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX2 3TAUK
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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40
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Schneiderman DK, Hillmyer MA. 50th Anniversary Perspective: There Is a Great Future in Sustainable Polymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K. Schneiderman
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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41
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Wang RY, Wang XY, Fan B, Xu JT, Fan ZQ. Microphase separation and crystallization behaviors of bi-phased triblock terpolymers with a competitively dissolved middle block. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Saini PK, Fiorani G, Mathers RT, Williams CK. Zinc versus Magnesium: Orthogonal Catalyst Reactivity in Selective Polymerizations of Epoxides, Bio-derived Anhydrides and Carbon Dioxide. Chemistry 2017; 23:4260-4265. [PMID: 28295663 PMCID: PMC5434931 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing selective polymerizations from complex monomer mixtures is an important challenge. Here, dinuclear catalysts allow selective polymerization from mixtures of sterically hindered tricyclic anhydrides, carbon dioxide and epoxides to yield well-controlled copoly(ester-carbonates). Surprisingly, two very similar homogeneous catalysts differing only in the central metal, zinc versus magnesium, show very high but diametrically opposite monomer selectivity. The selectivity is attributed to different polymerization kinetics and to steric factors associated with the anhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Fiorani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemical Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State UniversityNew KensingtonPennsylvania15068USA
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemical Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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43
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Yang GW, Wu GP, Chen X, Xiong S, Arges CG, Ji S, Nealey PF, Lu XB, Darensbourg DJ, Xu ZK. Directed Self-Assembly of Polystyrene-b-poly(propylene carbonate) on Chemical Patterns via Thermal Annealing for Next Generation Lithography. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:1233-1239. [PMID: 28068100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) combines advantages of conventional photolithography and polymeric materials and shows competence in semiconductors and data storage applications. Driven by the more integrated, much smaller and higher performance of the electronics, however, the industry standard polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) in DSA strategy cannot meet the rapid development of lithography technology because its intrinsic limited Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ). Despite hundreds of block copolymers have been developed, these BCPs systems are usually subject to a trade-off between high χ and thermal treatment, resulting in incompatibility with the current nanomanufacturing fab processes. Here we discover that polystyrene-b-poly(propylene carbonate) (PS-b-PPC) is well qualified to fill key positions on DSA strategy for the next-generation lithography. The estimated χ-value for PS-b-PPC is 0.079, that is, two times greater than PS-b-PMMA (χ = 0.029 at 150 °C), while processing the ability to form perpendicular sub-10 nm morphologies (cylinder and lamellae) via the industry preferred thermal-treatment. DSA of lamellae forming PS-b-PPC on chemoepitaxial density multiplication demonstrates successful sub-10 nm long-range order features on large-area patterning for nanofabrication. Pattern transfer to the silicon substrate through industrial sequential infiltration synthesis is also implemented successfully. Compared with the previously reported methods to orientation control BCPs with high χ-value (including solvent annealing, neutral top-coats, and chemical modification), the easy preparation, high χ value, and etch selectivity while enduring thermal treatment demonstrates PS-b-PPC as a rare and valuable candidate for advancing the field of nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuanxuan Chen
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shisheng Xiong
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Christopher G Arges
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Shengxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024, China
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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44
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Darensbourg DJ. Switchable catalytic processes involving the copolymerization of epoxides and carbon dioxide for the preparation of block polymers. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of block polymersviaa one-pot process with segments prepared by different or the same mechanistic pathways.
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45
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Shajkumar A, Nandan B, Sanwaria S, Albrecht V, Libera M, Lee MH, Auffermann G, Stamm M, Horechyy A. Silica-supported Au@hollow-SiO 2 particles with outstanding catalytic activity prepared via block copolymer template approach. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 491:246-254. [PMID: 28039806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catalytically active Au@hollow-SiO2 particles embedded in porous silica support (Au@hollow-SiO2@PSS) were prepared by using spherical micelles from poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) block copolymer as a sacrificial template. Drastic increase of the shell porosity was observed after pyrolytic removal of polymeric template because the stretched poly(4-vinyl pyridine) chains interpenetrating with silica shell acted as an effective porogen. The embedding of Au@hollow-SiO2 particles in porous silica support prevented their fusion during pyrolysis. The catalytic activity of Au@hollow-SiO2@PSS was investigated using a model reaction of catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and reductive degradation of Congo red azo-dye. Significantly, to the best of our knowledge, Au@hollow-SiO2@PSS catalyst shows the highest activity among analogous systems reported till now in literature. Such high activity was attributed to the presence of multiple pores within silica shell of Au@hollow-SiO2 particles and easy accessibility of reagents to the catalytically active sites of the ligand-free gold surface through the porous silica support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Shajkumar
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Bhanu Nandan
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Sunita Sanwaria
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Victoria Albrecht
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Marcin Libera
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Science, M. Curie-Sklodowskej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Myong-Hoon Lee
- The Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Center for Polymer Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Gudrun Auffermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straβe 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Stamm
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden 01069, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Physical Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Dresden 01062, Germany.
| | - Andriy Horechyy
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
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46
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Horechyy A, Nandan B, Shajkumar A, Formanek P, Paturej J, Stamm M, Fery A. In-situ monitoring of silica shell growth on PS-b-P4VP micelles as templates using DLS. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Honda S, Sugimoto H. Carbon Dioxide-Derived Immortal Brush Macromolecules with Poly(propylene carbonate) Side Chains. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Honda
- Department of Industrial
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 12-1 Ichigaya-Funagawara-machi,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Industrial
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 12-1 Ichigaya-Funagawara-machi,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
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48
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Levin BD, Padgett E, Chen CC, Scott M, Xu R, Theis W, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Ophus C, Zhang H, Ha DH, Wang D, Yu Y, Abruña HD, Robinson RD, Ercius P, Kourkoutis LF, Miao J, Muller DA, Hovden R. Nanomaterial datasets to advance tomography in scanning transmission electron microscopy. Sci Data 2016; 3:160041. [PMID: 27272459 PMCID: PMC4896123 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron tomography in materials science has flourished with the demand to characterize nanoscale materials in three dimensions (3D). Access to experimental data is vital for developing and validating reconstruction methods that improve resolution and reduce radiation dose requirements. This work presents five high-quality scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) tomography datasets in order to address the critical need for open access data in this field. The datasets represent the current limits of experimental technique, are of high quality, and contain materials with structural complexity. Included are tomographic series of a hyperbranched Co2P nanocrystal, platinum nanoparticles on a carbon nanofibre imaged over the complete 180° tilt range, a platinum nanoparticle and a tungsten needle both imaged at atomic resolution by equal slope tomography, and a through-focal tilt series of PtCu nanoparticles. A volumetric reconstruction from every dataset is provided for comparison and development of post-processing and visualization techniques. Researchers interested in creating novel data processing and reconstruction algorithms will now have access to state of the art experimental test data.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Electron Microscope Tomography
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Microscopy, Electron
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Nanoparticles
- Nanostructures
- Tomography
- Tomography, X-Ray
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby D.A. Levin
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Elliot Padgett
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Chien-Chun Chen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - M.C. Scott
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Wolfgang Theis
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yongsoo Yang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Don-Hyung Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingchao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Hector D. Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Richard D. Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lena F. Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Robert Hovden
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Wu GP, Darensbourg DJ. Mechanistic Insights into Water-Mediated Tandem Catalysis of Metal-Coordination CO2/Epoxide Copolymerization and Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization: One-Pot, Two Steps, and Three Catalysis Cycles for Triblock Copolymers Synthesis. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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50
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Chang T, Huang H, He T. Directed Self‐Assembly of Diblock Copolymer Thin Films on Prepatterned Metal Nanoarrays. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:161-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 PR China
| | - Haiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 PR China
| | - Tianbai He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 PR China
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