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Wu W, Mis Solval K, Chen J. Ellagitannin content and anti-enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli activity of aqueous extracts derived from commercial pomegranate products. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29700. [PMID: 38660237 PMCID: PMC11040112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of aqueous extracts of commercially available pomegranate peel products and a juice powder in inhibiting the growth of two enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains. Cell suspension of each E. coli strain (5 Log CFU/ml) was added into tryptic soy broth amended with 9 or 23% of each extract prepared with two different methods. After treatment for 5, 10, and 24 h at 25 °C, surviving E. coli cells were enumerated on tryptic soy agar to determine cell population reduction compared to the controls. The concentrations of six different ellagitannins and titratable activity in each treatment system were determined and correlated to E. coli cell population reduction. The extracts from three powdered pomegranate peels caused a significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in E. coli population than the extract from the whole peel and juice powder. The higher dose of extracts resulted in a greater cell population reduction than the lower dose. The level of E. coli population reduction correlated positively with the total ellagitannins content (R2 0.67-0.98) and the titratable acidity (R2 0.69-0.98) in the treatment systems. The study suggests that pomegranate peels are promising natural additives or preservatives to control pathogens like EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
| | - Kevin Mis Solval
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
| | - Jinru Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, USA
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Xu P, Wang J, Chen P, Ding H, Wang X, Li S, Fan X, Zhou Z, Shi D, Li Z, Cao S, Xiao Y. Effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103304. [PMID: 38096668 PMCID: PMC10757254 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of pomegranate peel on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and the cecal microbial community were investigated in broilers challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O78. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks (120 males and 120 females) were randomly and evenly allotted into 4 treatment groups (each with 6 biological replicates each of 10 chicks), i.e., negative control (NC), positive control (PC), and 2 experimental groups treated with 0.2% fermented pomegranate peel (FP) and 0.2% unfermented pomegranate peel (UFP), respectively, with PC, FP, and UFP groups challenged with APEC O78 (5 × 108 CFU) on day 14. Results showed that the challenge of APEC O78 decreased the body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) of broilers from 1 to 28 d (P < 0.01). These broilers exhibited more pathological conditions in the heart and liver and higher mortality rates in 28 d compared to the NC group. Diet supplemented with pomegranate peel (either fermented or unfermented) significantly increased BW, ADG, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio (VCR) of small intestine in 28 d compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Results of the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiota showed that compared to the NC group, the APEC challenge significantly decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.01). Compared to the PC group, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_torques_group in FP group was increased, while the relative abundance of Alistipes was decreased. In summary, our study showed that the dietary supplementation of pomegranate peel could maintain the intestinal microbiota at a state favorable to the host, effectively reduce the abnormal changes in the taxonomic structure of the intestinal microbiota, and improve the growth performance in broilers treated with APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pinpin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongxia Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shijie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zutao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zili Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Huang S, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Guo H, Hong Z, Zhong S. Network Pharmacology and Intestinal Microbiota Analysis Revealing the Mechanism of Punicalagin Improving Bacterial Enteritis. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:104-120. [PMID: 37246319 PMCID: PMC10641859 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230526165501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese medicine punicalagin (Pun), the most important active ingredient in pomegranate peel, has significant bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory properties. The potential mechanisms of Pun for bacterial enteritis, however, are unknown. OBJECTIVE The goal of our research is to investigate the mechanism of Pun in the treatment of bacterial enteritis using computer-aided drug technology, as well as to investigate the intervention effect of Pun on mice with bacterial enteritis using intestinal flora sequencing. METHODS The targets of Pun and Bacterial enteritis were obtained by using the specific database, and cross-targets were screened among these targets, followed by PPI and enrichment analysis of the targets. Furthermore, the degree of binding between Pun and key targets was predicted through molecular docking. After successfully establishing the bacterial enteritis model in vivo, mice were randomly assigned to groups. They were treated for 7 days, the symptoms were observed daily, and the daily DAI and body weight change rate were calculated. Following administration, the intestinal tissue was removed, and the contents were separated. The tight junction protein expression was detected in the small intestine by the immunohistochemical method; ELISA and Western Blot (WB) were performed to detect the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) in the serum and intestinal wall of mice. The 16S rRNA sequence was used to determine the composition and diversity of the intestinal flora of mice. RESULTS In total, 130 intersection targets of Pun and disease were screened by network pharmacology. The enrichment analysis showed cross genes were closely related and enriched in the cancer regulation and the TNF signal pathway. The active components of Pun could specifically bind to the core targets TNF, IL-6, etc., determined from molecular docking results. In vivo experiment results showed that the symptoms in the PUN group mice were alleviated, and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced. A Pun can cause substantial changes in the intestinal flora of mice in terms of structure and function. CONCLUSION Pun plays a multi-target role in alleviating bacterial enteritis by regulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Huang
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Qingsong Zhu
- Computer and Information Department, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Hongmin Guo
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Zongyuan Hong
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Shuzhi Zhong
- Tissue and Embryo Department, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
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Singh DN, Bohra JS, Dubey TP, Shivahre PR, Singh RK, Singh T, Jaiswal DK. Common foods for boosting human immunity: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6761-6774. [PMID: 37970422 PMCID: PMC10630845 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We are frequently exposed to potentially harmful microbes of various types on a daily basis. Our immune system is an amazing collection of unique organs and cells that defends us from hazardous germs as well as certain diseases. It plays a crucial role in protecting the body against external invaders, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Maintaining a healthy immune system requires consuming a balanced diet that provides a variety of macro- and micronutrients. By consuming sufficient amounts of water, minerals such as zinc and magnesium, micronutrients, herbs, and foods rich in vitamins C, D, and E, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, one can enhance their health and immunity, and prevent infections. This article provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on common foods known for their potential to boost human immunity. The review begins by discussing the various components of the immune system and their functions. It then delves into the current understanding of how nutrition can influence immune response, highlighting the importance of a well-balanced diet in supporting optimal immune function. The article presents an extensive analysis of a range of common foods that have been studied for their immune-boosting properties. These foods include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and animal-based foods. Each food category is explored in terms of its specific nutrients and bioactive compounds that contribute to immune support. Foods such as milk, eggs, fruits, leafy greens, and spices like onion, garlic, and turmeric contain beneficial compounds that can enhance the immune system's function, activate and inhibit immune cells, and interfere with multiple pathways that eventually lead to improved immune responses and defense. The available literature on the issue was accessed via online resources and evaluated thoroughly as a methodology for preparing this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitendra Singh Bohra
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Tej Pratap Dubey
- Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT)BhaktapurNepal
| | - Pushp Raj Shivahre
- Department of Animal Husbandry and DairyingUdai Pratap Autonomous CollegeVaranasiIndia
| | - Ram Kumar Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Tejbal Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
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de Oliveira FL, Morzelle MC, Moretti MMDS, Casarotti SN. Fermentation of araticum, baru, and pequi by-products by probiotic strains: effects on microorganisms, short-chain fatty acids, and bioactive compounds. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad092. [PMID: 37533204 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Fruit by-products, due to their unique chemical composition containing dietary fibers and bioactive compounds, may favor the growth of probiotic strains. This study evaluated the fermentation of araticum, baru, and pequi by-products using Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5, LA3, and NCFM) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb-12) probiotic strains. We assessed probiotic viability, short-chain fatty acid levels, and bioactive compound levels after 48 h of fermentation. Araticum and pequi by-products led to counts higher than 6 log CFU/mL after 48-h fermentation for all Lactobacillus strains, but only the araticum by-product supported the growth of the Bb-12 strain. Fermentation of araticum by-product resulted in greater amounts of acetate (39.97 mM for LA3 and 39.08 mM for NCFM) and propionate (0.20 mM for NCFM), while baru by-product showed greater amounts of butyrate (0.20 mM for La-5 and Bb-12). Fermentation of araticum and baru by-products resulted in an increase in bioactive compounds, with the latter showing total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from 1.4 to 1.7 and from 1.3 to 3.1 times higher, respectively, than the negative control treatment. Araticum by-product exhibited a higher potential for prebiotic effects, and fermentation by the tested probiotic strains is essential to increase bioactive compound levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fellipe Lopes de Oliveira
- Federal University of Mato Grosso-UFMT, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Maressa Caldeira Morzelle
- Federal University of Mato Grosso-UFMT, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria de Souza Moretti
- São Paulo State University-UNESP, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Neves Casarotti
- Federal University of Rondonópolis-UFR, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rondonópolis, MT 78736-900, Brazil
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Yin Y, Martínez R, Zhang W, Estévez M. Crosstalk between dietary pomegranate and gut microbiota: evidence of health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37335106 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2219763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is an invisible organ that plays an important role in human health. Increasing evidence suggests that polyphenols in pomegranate (punicalagin, PU) could serve as prebiotics to modulate the composition and function of GM. In turn, GM transform PU into bioactive metabolites such as ellagic acid (EA) and urolithin (Uro). In this review, the interplay between pomegranate and GM is thoroughly described by unveiling a dialog in which both actors seem to affect each other's roles. In a first dialog, the influence of bioactive compounds from pomegranate on GM is described. The second act shows how the GM biotransform pomegranate phenolics into Uro. Finally, the health benefits of Uro and that related molecular mechanism are summarized and discussed. Intake of pomegranate promotes beneficial bacteria in GM (e.g. Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp.) while reducing the growth of harmful bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis group, Clostridia). Akkermansia muciniphila, and Gordonibacter spp., among others, biotransform PU and EA into Uro. Uro contributes to strengthening intestinal barrier and reducing inflammatory processes. Yet, Uro production varies greatly among individuals and depend on GM composition. Uro-producing bacteria and precise metabolic pathways need to be further elucidated therefore contributing to personalized and precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Animal Health Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Al-Moghazy M, Abou baker D, El-Sayed HS. Antimicrobial-prebiotic: Novel dual approach of pomegranate peel extract in vitro and in food system. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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O’Flaherty S, Cobian N, Barrangou R. Impact of Pomegranate on Probiotic Growth, Viability, Transcriptome and Metabolism. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020404. [PMID: 36838369 PMCID: PMC9964784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite rising interest in understanding intestinal bacterial survival in situ, relatively little attention has been devoted to deciphering the interaction between bacteria and functional food ingredients. Here, we examined the interplay between diverse beneficial Lactobacillaceae species and a pomegranate (POM) extract and determined the impact of this functional ingredient on bacterial growth, cell survival, transcription and target metabolite genesis. Three commercially available probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp-115) were used in growth assays and flow cytometry analysis, indicating differential responses to the presence of POM extract across the three strains. The inclusion of POM extract in the growth medium had the greatest impact on L. acidophilus cell counts. LIVE/DEAD staining determined significantly fewer dead cells when L. acidophilus was grown with POM extract compared to the control with no POM (1.23% versus 7.23%). Whole-transcriptome analysis following exposure to POM extract showed markedly different global transcriptome responses, with 15.88% of the L. acidophilus transcriptome, 19.32% of the L. rhamnosus transcriptome and only 2.37% of the L. plantarum transcriptome differentially expressed. We also noted strain-dependent metabolite concentrations in the medium with POM extract compared to the control medium for punicalagin, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Overall, the results show that POM extract triggers species-specific responses by probiotic strains and substantiates the rising interest in using POM as a prebiotic compound.
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Ellagitannins, urolithins, and neuroprotection: Human evidence and the possible link to the gut microbiota. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101109. [PMID: 35940941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) are dietary polyphenols poorly absorbed but extensively metabolized by the human gut microbiota to produce different urolithins (Uros). Depending on the individuals' microbial signatures, ETs metabolism can yield the Uro metabotypes A, B, or 0, potentially impacting human health after consuming ETs. Human evidence points to improved brain health after consuming ET-rich foods, mainly pomegranate juices and extracts containing punicalagin, punicalin, and different EA-derivatives. Although ETs and (or) EA are necessary to exert the effects, the precise mechanism, actual metabolites, or final drivers responsible for the observed effects have not been unraveled. The cause-and-effect evidence on Uro-A administration and the improvement of animal brain health is consistent but not addressed in humans. The Uro-A's in vivo anti-inflammatory, mitophagy, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis activities suggest it as a possible final driver in neuroprotection. However, the precise Uro metabolic forms reaching the brain are unknown. In addition to the possible participation of direct effectors in brain tissues, the current evidence points out that improving blood flow, gut microbiota ecology, and gut barrier by ET-rich foods and (or) Uro-A could contribute to the neuroprotective effects. We show here the current human evidence on ETs and brain health, the possible link between the gut microbiota metabolism of ETs and their effects, including the preservation of the gut barrier integrity, and the possible role of Uros. Finally, we propose a roadmap to address what is missing on ETs, Uros, and neuroprotection.
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Ethnopharmacology, Antimicrobial Potency, and Phytochemistry of African Combretum and Pteleopsis Species (Combretaceae): A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020264. [PMID: 36830175 PMCID: PMC9951921 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal resistance to antibiotics is of growing global concern. Plants such as the African Combretum and Pteleopsis species, which are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infections, could be good sources for antimicrobial extracts, drug scaffolds, and/or antibiotic adjuvants. In African countries, plant species are often used in combinations as traditional remedies. It is suggested that the plant species enhance the effects of each other in these combination treatments. Thus, the multi-species-containing herbal medications could have a good antimicrobial potency. In addition, plant extracts and compounds are known to potentiate the effects of antibiotics. The objective of this review is to compile the information on the botany, ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, and appearance in herbal markets of African species of the genera Combretum and Pteleopsis. With this ethnobotanical information as a background, this review summarizes the information on the phytochemistry and antimicrobial potency of the extracts and their active compounds, as well as their combination effects with conventional antibiotics. The databases used for the literature search were Scopus, Elsevier, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder. In summary, a number of Combretum and Pteleopsis species were reported to display significant in vitro antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Tannins, terpenes, flavonoids, stilbenes, and alkaloids-some of them with good antimicrobial potential-are known from species of the genera Combretum and Pteleopsis. Among the most potent antimicrobial compounds are arjunglucoside I (MIC 1.9 µg/mL) and imberbic acid (MIC 1.56 µg/mL), found in both genera and in some Combretum species, respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of the extracts and compounds of many Combretum and Pteleopsis species support their traditional medicinal uses.
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Jin L, Dang H, Wu J, Yuan L, Chen X, Yao J. Supplementation of Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 and Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Hypercholesterolemia by Promoting Liver Primary Bile Acid Biosynthesis and Intestinal Cholesterol Excretion in Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020264. [PMID: 36838229 PMCID: PMC9964488 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Weizmannia coagulans (W. coagulans) BC2000 can increase the abundance of intestinal transforming ellagic acid (EA) bacteria and inhibit metabolic disorders caused by hyperlipidemia by activating liver autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of W. coagulans BC2000 and EA on hyperlipidemia-induced cholesterol metabolism disorders. C57BL/6J mice (n = 10 in each group) were fed a low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with EA, HFD supplemented with EA and W. coagulans BC77, HFD supplemented with EA, and W. coagulans BC2000. EA and W. coagulans BC2000 supplementation prevented HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia and promoted fecal cholesterol excretion. Transcriptome analysis showed that primary bile acid biosynthesis in the liver was significantly activated by EA and W. coagulans BC2000 treatments. EA and W. coagulans BC2000 treatment also significantly increased the intestinal Eggerthellaceae abundance and the liver EA metabolites, iso-urolithin A, Urolithin A, and Urolithin B. Therefore, W. coagulans BC2000 supplementation promoted the intestinal transformation of EA, which led to the upregulation of liver bile synthesis, thus preventing hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Probiotics Institute, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongyang Dang
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jinyong Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianming Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (J.Y.)
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Looi D, Moorthy M, Chaiyakunapruk N, Devi Palanisamy U. Impact of ellagitannin-rich fruit consumption on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Synergistic activity of pomegranate rind extract and Zn (II) against Candida albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions, and a mechanistic insight based upon intracellular ROS induction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19560. [PMID: 36379967 PMCID: PMC9666354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes superficial infection and can lead to mortal systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The incidence of C. albicans infections is increasing and there are a limited number of antifungal drugs used in treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new and alternative antifungal drugs. Pomegranate rind extract (PRE) is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, including against C. albicans and recently, PRE and Zn (II) have been shown to induce synergistic antimicrobial activity against various microbes. In this study, the inhibitory activities of PRE, Zn (II) and PRE in combination with Zn (II) were evaluated against C. albicans. Antifungal activities of PRE and Zn (II) were evaluated using conventional microdilution methods and the interaction between these compounds was assessed by in vitro checkerboard and time kill assays in planktonic cultures. The anti-biofilm activities of PRE, Zn (II) and PRE in combination with Zn (II) were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, with quantitative analysis of biofilm biomass and mean thickness analysed using COMSTAT2 analysis. In addition, antimicrobial interactions between PRE and Zn (II) were assayed in terms reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by C. albicans. PRE and Zn (II) showed a potent antifungal activity against C. albicans, with MIC values of 4 mg/mL and 1.8 mg/mL, respectively. PRE and Zn (II) in combination exerted a synergistic antifungal effect, as confirmed by the checkerboard and time kill assays. PRE, Zn (II) and PRE and Zn (II) in combination gave rise to significant reductions in biofilm biomass, although only PRE caused a significant reduction in mean biofilm thickness. The PRE and Zn (II) in combination caused the highest levels of ROS production by C. albicans, in both planktonic and biofilm forms. The induction of excess ROS accumulation in C. albicans may help explain the synergistic activity of PRE and Zn (II) in combination against C. albicans in both planktonic and biofilm forms. Moreover, the data support the potential of the PRE and Zn (II) combination as a novel potential anti-Candida therapeutic system.
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14
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Jin H, Che S, Wu K, Wu M. Ellagic acid prevents gut damage via ameliorating microbe-associated intestinal lymphocyte imbalance. Food Funct 2022; 13:9822-9831. [PMID: 36040795 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis involves a sustained microbial-mediated immune response following intestinal stress. Although administration of antibiotics can be an effective therapy, the misuse of antibiotics may risk unknown drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, piglets pretreated with ellagic acid (EA) and Ampicillin (AMP) for 21 days, and were injected intraperitoneally with paraquat (PQ) on 14 and 18 days. We found piglets lost most of their gut microbes in the AMP group, protected from subsequent intestinal damage caused by gut oxidative stress. Hence, we identified some gut microbes that may play a critical role in mediating cellular responses following cytokine stimulation in PQ-induced stress. EA preprocessing exhibited the same performance as AMP. Pretreatment of EA reduced Streptococcus abundance in the gut. Particularly, EA modulated intestinal lymphocyte distribution, reduced the frequency of CD79a+ cells, and alleviated the upward migration of CD3+ cells to the apex of the intestinal villi in the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, the intestinal immune response had been known associated closely with the abundance of Streptococcus in the gut. Thus, we concluded that EA has the potential to replace antibiotics to prevent microbial-mediated immune responses in the gut, and EA can be applied as a supplement candidate to alleviate the development of inflammation caused by intestinal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Siyan Che
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Kunfu Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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15
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Sharma BR, Jaiswal S, Ravindra PV. Modulation of gut microbiota by bioactive compounds for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113148. [PMID: 35665671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Gut microbiota (GM) are specific groups of microbes colonized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They profoundly influence health, disease protection, and associated with metabolic activities, and play a vital role in the production of functional metabolites from dietary substances. Dysbiosis of GM has been linked to the onset of T2DM and can be altered to attain eubiosis by intervention with various nutritional bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, prebiotics, and probiotics. This review presents an overview of the evidence and underlying mechanisms by which bioactive compounds modulate the GM for the prevention and management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basista Rabina Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), KRS Road, Opp. Rail Museum, Mysuru 570020, India
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - P V Ravindra
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), KRS Road, Opp. Rail Museum, Mysuru 570020, India.
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16
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Santhiravel S, Bekhit AEDA, Mendis E, Jacobs JL, Dunshea FR, Rajapakse N, Ponnampalam EN. The Impact of Plant Phytochemicals on the Gut Microbiota of Humans for a Balanced Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158124. [PMID: 35897699 PMCID: PMC9332059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of humans is a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. The microbiota is involved in several critical physiological processes such as digestion, absorption, and related physiological functions and plays a crucial role in determining the host’s health. The habitual consumption of specific dietary components can impact beyond their nutritional benefits, altering gut microbiota diversity and function and could manipulate health. Phytochemicals are non-nutrient biologically active plant components that can modify the composition of gut microflora through selective stimulation of proliferation or inhibition of certain microbial communities in the intestine. Plants secrete these components, and they accumulate in the cell wall and cell sap compartments (body) for their development and survival. These compounds have low bioavailability and long time-retention in the intestine due to their poor absorption, resulting in beneficial impacts on gut microbiota population. Feeding diets containing phytochemicals to humans and animals may offer a path to improve the gut microbiome resulting in improved performance and/or health and wellbeing. This review discusses the effects of phytochemicals on the modulation of the gut microbiota environment and the resultant benefits to humans; however, the effect of phytochemicals on the gut microbiota of animals is also covered, in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarusha Santhiravel
- Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eresha Mendis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Niranjan Rajapakse
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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17
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Chamberlain M, O'Flaherty S, Cobián N, Barrangou R. Metabolomic Analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. gasseri, L. crispatus, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Strains in the Presence of Pomegranate Extract. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:863228. [PMID: 35663851 PMCID: PMC9160967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species are prominent inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract that contribute to maintaining a balanced microbial environment that positively influences host health. These bacterial populations can be altered through use of probiotic supplements or via dietary changes which in turn affect the host health. Utilizing polyphenolic compounds to selectively stimulate the growth of commensal bacteria can have a positive effect on the host through the production of numerous metabolites that are biologically active. Four Lactobacillus strains were grown in the presence of pomegranate (POM) extract. Two strains, namely, L. acidophilus NCFM and L. rhamnosus GG, are commonly used probiotics, while the other two strains, namely, L. crispatus NCK1351 and L. gasseri NCK1342, exhibit probiotic potential. To compare and contrast the impact of POM on the strains' metabolic capacity, we investigated the growth of the strains with and without the presence of POM and identified their carbohydrate utilization and enzyme activity profiles. To further investigate the differences between strains, an untargeted metabolomic approach was utilized to quantitatively and qualitatively define the metabolite profiles of these strains. Several metabolites were produced significantly and/or exclusively in some of the strains, including mevalonate, glutamine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, phenyllactate, and fumarate. The production of numerous discrete compounds illustrates the unique characteristics of and diversity between strains. Unraveling these differences is essential to understand the probiotic function and help inform strain selection for commercial product formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaryClaire Chamberlain
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sarah O'Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Natalia Cobián
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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18
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Benefits and Implications of Resveratrol Supplementation on Microbiota Modulations: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074027. [PMID: 35409389 PMCID: PMC8999966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol that has been shown to possess many applications in different fields of medicine. This systematic review has drawn attention to the axis between resveratrol and human microbiota, which plays a key role in maintaining an adequate immune response that can lead to different diseases when compromised. Resveratrol can also be an asset in new technologies, such as gene therapy. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find papers that matched our topic dating from 1 January 2017 up to 18 January 2022, with English-language restriction using the following Boolean keywords: (“resveratrol” AND “microbio*”). Eighteen studies were included as relevant papers matching the purpose of our investigation. Immune response, prevention of thrombotic complications, microbiota, gene therapy, and bone regeneration were retrieved as the main topics. The analyzed studies mostly involved resveratrol supplementation and its effects on human microbiota by trials in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The beneficial activity of resveratrol is evident by analyzing the changes in the host’s genetic expression and the gastrointestinal microbial community with its administration. The possibility of identifying individual microbial families may allow to tailor therapeutic plans with targeted polyphenolic diets when associated with microbial dysbiosis, such as inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, degenerative diseases, tumors, obesity, diabetes, bone tissue regeneration, and metabolic syndrome.
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19
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Zhang M, Cui S, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tang X, Chen W. Ellagic acid and intestinal microflora metabolite urolithin A: A review on its sources, metabolic distribution, health benefits, and biotransformation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6900-6922. [PMID: 35142569 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2036693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foods rich in ellagic tannins are first hydrolyzed into ellagic acid in the stomach and small intestine, and then converted into urolithins with high bioavailability by the intestinal flora. Urolithin has beneficially biological effects, it can induce adipocyte browning, improve cholesterol metabolism, inhibit graft tumor growth, relieve inflammation, and downregulate neuronal amyloid protein formation via the β3-AR/PKA/p38MAPK, ERK/AMPKα/SREBP1, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and TLR4, AHR receptors. But differences have been reported in urolithin production capacity among different individuals. Thus, it is of great significance to explore the biological functions of urolithin, screen the strains responsible for biotransformation of urolithin, and explore the corresponding functional genes. Tannin acyl hydrolase can hydrolyze tannins into ellagic acid, and the genera Gordonibacter and Ellagibacter can metabolize ellagic acid into urolithins. Therefore, application of "single bacterium", "single bacterium + enzyme", and "microflora" can achieve biotransformation of urolithin A. In this review, the source and metabolic pathway of ellagic tannins, and the mechanisms of the biological function of a metabolite, urolithin A, are discussed. The current strategies of biotransformation to obtain urolithin A are expounded to provide ideas for further studies on the relationship between urolithin and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
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20
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Chen P, Sun J, Liang Z, Xu H, Du P, Li A, Meng Y, Reshetnik E, Liu L, Li C. The bioavailability of soy isoflavones in vitro and their effects on gut microbiota in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Qi M, Wang N, Xiao Y, Deng Y, Zha A, Tan B, Wang J, Yin Y, Liao P. Ellagic acid ameliorates paraquat-induced liver injury associated with improved gut microbial profile. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118572. [PMID: 34838710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat, a widely used herbicide, causes environmental pollution, and liver injury in humans and animals. As a natural compound in fruits, ellagic acid (EA) shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study examines the beneficial effects of dietary EA against the paraquat-induced hepatic injury and further explores the underlying molecular mechanisms using a piglet model. Post-weaning piglets are fed basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg EA for 3 weeks. At week 2, hepatic injury is induced by 4 mg/kg paraquat followed by 7 days recovery. EA supplementation significantly mitigates paraquat-induced hepatic fibrosis, steatosis, and high apoptotic rate. In agreement, EA supplementation reduces serum pro-inflammatory levels, ameliorates inflammatory cells infiltration into hepatic tissue, which are associated with suppressed NF-κB signaling during paraquat exposure. In addition, EA supplementation significantly improves activities of antioxidative enzymes which were correlated with activated Nrf2/Keap 1 signaling during paraquat exposure. Furthermore, EA supplementation restores cecal microbial community during paraquat exposure. The protective effect of EA is strongly linked with increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Taken together, EA supplementation effectively reduced the occurrence of hepatic oxidative damage and inflammation induced by paraquat through modulating cecal microbial communities, which provides a novel nutritional therapeutic strategy for hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Andong Zha
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
| | - Peng Liao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100008, China
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22
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Parafati L, Pesce F, Siracusa L, Fallico B, Restuccia C, Palmeri R. Pomegranate Byproduct Extracts as Ingredients for Producing Experimental Cheese with Enhanced Microbiological, Functional, and Physical Characteristics. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112669. [PMID: 34828950 PMCID: PMC8621625 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate peel and mesocarp, considered as wastes of fruit processing, are rich sources of beneficial phytochemicals, including hydrolyzable tannins and flavonoids, with proven antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, which can be employed for improving the overall quality of food products. In the present study, extracts from pomegranate peel (PPW) and mesocarp (PMW) were obtained through a water extraction method and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity and polyphenol content. The two extracts were then added during the cheese-making process in order to create a new functional cheese with improved microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics. Antimicrobial in vitro assays evidenced a substantial efficacy of both extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, which often causes staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks linked to the consumption of raw milk cheeses and artisanal cheeses. For this reason, a simulated cheese contamination was carried out in order to assess if pomegranate extracts can exert antimicrobial activity towards this pathogen even when incorporated into the cheese matrix. Milk enriched with pomegranate extracts (PPW and PMW) was used to produce two different experimental cheeses, which were then evaluated for yield, polyphenol content, and microbiological as well as physico-chemical traits throughout the refrigerated storage. Despite the low concentration of the extracts, the treated cheeses showed an increase in firmness and a slight decrease in S. aureus counts, of more than one log unit in comparison to the control cheese, for up to 12 d of cold storage. Such results support the reuse of agro-food byproducts, in substitution to chemical food preservatives, as the key to a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Parafati
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.); (B.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Fabiola Pesce
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.); (B.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Laura Siracusa
- CNR-ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Biagio Fallico
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.); (B.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.); (B.F.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosa Palmeri
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.); (B.F.); (R.P.)
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Abstract
Research characterising the gut microbiota in different populations and diseases has mushroomed since the advent of next-generation sequencing techniques. However, there has been less emphasis on the impact of dietary fibres and other dietary components that influence gut microbial metabolic activities. Dietary fibres are the main energy source for gut bacteria. However, fibres differ in their physicochemical properties, their effects on the gut and their fermentation characteristics. The diversity of carbohydrates and associated molecules in fibre-rich foods can have a major influence on microbiota composition and production of bioactive molecules, for example SCFAs and phenolic acids. Several of these microbial metabolites may influence the functions of body systems including the gut, liver, adipose tissues and brain. Dietary fibre intake recommendations have recently been increased (to 30 g daily) in response to growing obesity and other health concerns. Increasing intakes of specific fibre and plant food sources may differentially influence the bacteria and their metabolism. However, in vitro studies show great individual variability in the response of the gut microbiota to different fibres and fibre combinations, making it difficult to predict which foods or food components will have the greatest impact on levels of bioactive molecules produced in the colon of individuals. Greater understanding of individual responses to manipulation of the diet, in relation to microbiome composition and production of metabolites with proven beneficial impact on body systems, would allow the personalised approach needed to best promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Thomson
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ada L Garcia
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christine A Edwards
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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24
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Punicalagin in Cancer Prevention-Via Signaling Pathways Targeting. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082733. [PMID: 34444893 PMCID: PMC8400644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) has been applied in medicine since ancient times due to its broad-spectrum health-beneficial properties. It is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins and anthocyanins, exhibiting strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Anticancer activities of pomegranate with reference to modulated signaling pathways in various cancer diseases have been recently reviewed. However, less is known about punicalagin (Pug), a prevailing compound in pomegranate, seemingly responsible for its most beneficial properties. In this review, the newest data derived from recent scientific reports addressing Pug impact on neoplastic cells are summarized and discussed. Its attenuating effect on signaling circuits promoting cancer growth and invasion is depicted. The Pug-induced redirection of signal-transduction pathways from survival and proliferation into cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy (thus compromising neoplastic progression) is delineated. Considerations presented in this review are based mainly on data obtained from in vitro cell line models and concern the influence of Pug on human cervical, ovarian, breast, lung, thyroid, colorectal, central nervous system, bone, as well as other cancer types.
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Chen B, Li X, Liu J, Li Y, Dai W, Chen Y, Chen D. Ferroptosis-Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanisms of Ellagitannin Geraniin. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:737-739. [PMID: 33590718 PMCID: PMC8340064 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for safe and effective ferroptosis-inhibitors has become an important topic. Geraniin, an ellagitannin bearing hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) and dehydrohexahydroxydiphenoyl (DHHDP) groups, was observed to inhibit erastin-induced ferroptosis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs). To determine the mechanism, geraniin was further analyzed using UV-vis spectra and several colorimetric assays, where its IC50 values were always much lower than that of the Trolox positive control. When interacted with several free radicals, geraniin gave no radical adduct formation (RAF) peak in the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. In conclusion, geraniin exhibits ferroptosis-inhibitory potential towards erastin-treated bmMSCs; such potential may mainly stem from its strong lipid peroxidation (LPO)-inhibition, Fe2+ -chelating, and antioxidant actions. Geraniin gives neither dimer nor radical adduct, owing to the bulky HHDP (or DHHDP) group; thus, it is considered as a safe and effective ferroptosis-inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineWaihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center510006GuangzhouChina
| | - Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineWaihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center510006GuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine51800ShenzhenChina
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineWaihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center510006GuangzhouChina
| | - Wanjian Dai
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineWaihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center510006GuangzhouChina
| | - Yingci Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineWaihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center510006GuangzhouChina
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical ScienceGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineWaihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center510006GuangzhouChina
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A Comprehensive Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Juice and Extracts from Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Peels and Seeds. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081554. [PMID: 34451599 PMCID: PMC8402121 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing awareness of Punica granatum fruit’s health-promoting properties, the pomegranate is increasingly used for food purposes. This results in the formation of biological waste products such as peels. A biowaste circular bioeconomy strategy holds great prospective for a sustainable economy. Therefore, a sustainable and environmentally friendly way of disposing of waste (e.g., use of biowaste to obtain high-value components (e.g., punicalagins, enzymes)) is crucial for the protection of the environment and human health. In the presented study, the content of total phenols and proanthocyanidins in ten samples of Punica granatum fruit (juice, aqueous (H2O) and ethanolic (EtOH) extracts of peels and seeds) was determined. Peel extracts were found to be the richest in the content of secondary metabolites and showed extremely high antioxidant potential (approximately 90% inhibition: DPPH radical scavenging activity). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study to determine the enzymatic activity of α-amylase, lipase, peroxidase, protease, and transglutaminase in different P. granatum samples. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of all P. granatum samples was qualitatively determined against three strains of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and three strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacteria, susceptible to gaining antibiotic resistance. Moreover, the most promising peel extracts were quantified for antibacterial efficacy against tested bacteria at five different concentrations. All samples slowed down and inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria. MIC90 values (2.7 or 0.3 mg/mL) were determined in 18 out of 24 experiments (four samples, six bacteria tested). There is no research in the reviewed literature that is current with such detailed and comprehensive determination of P. granatum peel extracts antibacterial activity. The results of the research showed great potential for the use of P. granatum in the field of antibacterial activity in biomedicine applications and in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Rodríguez-Daza MC, Pulido-Mateos EC, Lupien-Meilleur J, Guyonnet D, Desjardins Y, Roy D. Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689456. [PMID: 34268328 PMCID: PMC8276758 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of gut microbes encodes a collection of enzymes whose metabolic functions contribute to the bioavailability and bioactivity of unabsorbed (poly)phenols. Datasets from high throughput sequencing, metabolome measurements, and other omics have expanded the understanding of the different modes of actions by which (poly)phenols modulate the microbiome conferring health benefits to the host. Progress have been made to identify direct prebiotic effects of (poly)phenols; albeit up to date, these compounds are not recognized as prebiotics sensu stricto. Interestingly, certain probiotics strains have an enzymatic repertoire, such as tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, and phenolic acid reductase, involved in the transformation of different (poly)phenols into bioactive phenolic metabolites. In vivo studies have demonstrated that these (poly)phenol-transforming bacteria thrive when provided with phenolic substrates. However, other taxonomically distinct gut symbionts of which a phenolic-metabolizing activity has not been demonstrated are still significantly promoted by (poly)phenols. This is the case of Akkermansia muciniphila, a so-called antiobesity bacterium, which responds positively to (poly)phenols and may be partially responsible for the health benefits formerly attributed to these molecules. We surmise that (poly)phenols broad antimicrobial action free ecological niches occupied by competing bacteria, thereby allowing the bloom of beneficial gut bacteria. This review explores the capacity of (poly)phenols to promote beneficial gut bacteria through their direct and collaborative bacterial utilization and their inhibitory action on potential pathogenic species. We propose the term duplibiotic, to describe an unabsorbed substrate modulating the gut microbiota by both antimicrobial and prebiotic modes of action. (Poly)phenol duplibiotic effect could participate in blunting metabolic disturbance and gut dysbiosis, positioning these compounds as dietary strategies with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Rodríguez-Daza
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elena C Pulido-Mateos
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Lupien-Meilleur
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Guyonnet
- Diana Nova, Symrise Nutrition, Clichy-la-Garenne, France
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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Živković I, Šavikin K, Živković J, Zdunić G, Janković T, Lazić D, Radin D. Antiviral Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on Human Norovirus in Food Models and Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:203-209. [PMID: 33825092 PMCID: PMC8024177 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the dominant cause of viral gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the reduction of HuNoV in different food models, on surfaces of fresh produce (green onion and cherry tomato), in low-fat milk, and simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The antiviral efficacy of PPE against HuNoV was evaluated by quantifying the number of residual virus genomes using a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. Pomegranate peel, considered as a waste product of industrial processing, is known for beneficial health effects and broad antimicrobial activity due to the high content of phenolic compounds and tannins. PPE showed significant antiviral properties against HuNoV both in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and simulated gastric fluid. The reduction of HuNoV by pomegranate juice was lower than with PPE, which could be attributed to the lower content of antimicrobial compounds. A pretreatment of cherry tomato and green onion surfaces with PPE significantly reduced the amount of HuNoV particles that adhered to those surfaces during subsequent virus suspension treatment. A detrimental effect of PPE on HuNoV structure was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Our results indicate that PPE is a natural antiviral agent effective against food-borne noroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Živković
- Institute for Vegetable Crops, 71 Karadjordjeva, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", 1 Tadeuša Košćuška Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", 1 Tadeuša Košćuška Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Gordana Zdunić
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", 1 Tadeuša Košćuška Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Teodora Janković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", 1 Tadeuša Košćuška Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dejan Lazić
- East Diagnostics, 32 Golsvordijeva Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dragoslava Radin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, 6 Nemanjina Street, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
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Kasprzak-Drozd K, Oniszczuk T, Stasiak M, Oniszczuk A. Beneficial Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3715. [PMID: 33918284 PMCID: PMC8038165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains an intricate community of microorganisms, referred to as the gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, medicines and environmental factors, particularly diet. Growing evidence supports the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extraintestinal metabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in preventing metabolic diseases have been subjected to intense investigation over the last twenty years. As our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota advances and our knowledge of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of polyphenols accumulates, there emerges a need to examine the prebiotic role of dietary polyphenols. This review firstly overviews the importance of the GM in health and disease and then reviews the role of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and how they impact on host health benefits. Inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites and the vital balance between the two in maintaining the host gut homeostasis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Stasiak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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30
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Belgacem I, Li Destri Nicosia MG, Pangallo S, Abdelfattah A, Benuzzi M, Agosteo GE, Schena L. Pomegranate Peel Extracts as Safe Natural Treatments to Control Plant Diseases and Increase the Shelf-Life and Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:453. [PMID: 33673670 PMCID: PMC7997167 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the Green Revolution was a milestone in agriculture, it was accompanied by intensive use of synthetic pesticides, which has raised serious concerns due to their impact on human and environmental health. This is increasingly stimulating the search for safer and more eco-friendly alternative means to control plant diseases and prevent food spoilage. Among the proposed alternatives, pomegranate peel extracts (PPEs) are very promising because of their high efficacy. In the present review, we discuss the complex mechanisms of action that include direct antimicrobial activity and induction of resistance in treated plant tissues and highlight the importance of PPE composition in determining their activity. The broad spectrum of activity, wide range of application and high efficiency of PPEs against bacterial, fungal and viral plant pathogens suggest a potential market not only restricted to organic production but also integrated farming systems. Considering that PPEs are non-chemical by-products of the pomegranate industry, they are perceived as safe by the public and may be integrated in circular economy strategies. This will likely encourage agro-pharmaceutical industries to develop commercial formulations and speed up the costly process of registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Belgacem
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Maria G. Li Destri Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Sonia Pangallo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Massimo Benuzzi
- BIOGARD, Division of CBC (Europe) srl, 24050 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni E. Agosteo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (I.B.); (M.G.L.D.N.); (S.P.); (G.E.A.)
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31
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Liu Y, Li X, Hua Y, Zhang W, Zhou X, He J, Chen D. Tannic Acid as a Natural Ferroptosis Inhibitor: Mechanisms and Beneficial Role of 3’‐
O
‐Galloylation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Liu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Yujie Hua
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Xianxi Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Jianfeng He
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Waihuan East Road No. 232, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China 510006
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32
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Das AK, Nanda PK, Chowdhury NR, Dandapat P, Gagaoua M, Chauhan P, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM. Application of Pomegranate by-Products in Muscle Foods: Oxidative Indices, Colour Stability, Shelf Life and Health Benefits. Molecules 2021; 26:467. [PMID: 33477314 PMCID: PMC7830841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, considerable importance is given to the use of agrifood wastes as they contain several groups of substances that are useful for development of functional foods. As muscle foods are prone to lipid and protein oxidation and perishable in nature, the industry is in constant search of synthetic free additives that help in retarding the oxidation process, leading to the development of healthier and shelf stable products. The by-products or residues of pomegranate fruit (seeds, pomace, and peel) are reported to contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, dietary fibre, complex polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, etc. Such compounds extracted from the by-products of pomegranate can be used as functional ingredients or food additives to harness the antioxidant, antimicrobial potential, or as substitutes for fat, and protein in various muscle food products. Besides, these natural additives are reported to improve the quality, safety, and extend the shelf life of different types of food products, including meat and fish. Although studies on application of pomegranate by-products on various foods are available, their effect on the physicochemical, oxidative changes, microbial, colour stabilizing, sensory acceptability, and shelf life of muscle foods are not comprehensively discussed previously. In this review, we vividly discuss these issues, and highlight the benefits of pomegranate by-products and their phenolic composition on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata 700037, India; (A.K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Pramod Kumar Nanda
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata 700037, India; (A.K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Nilabja Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India;
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata 700037, India; (A.K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Mohammed Gagaoua
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15 D15 DY05, Ireland;
| | - Pranav Chauhan
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India;
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnologico de la Carne de Galicia, Rua Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnologico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Vinas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnologico de la Carne de Galicia, Rua Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnologico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Vinas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
- Area de Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Elshafie HS, Caputo L, De Martino L, Sakr SH, De Feo V, Camele I. Study of Bio-Pharmaceutical and Antimicrobial Properties of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Leathery Exocarp Extract. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010153. [PMID: 33466616 PMCID: PMC7828685 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are important sources of vitamins and minerals and widely used in the dietary supplement industry. An aqueous extract of its leathery exocarp (LEP) was obtained by a solid-phase micro-extraction method. The antifungal activity was examined against the phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea, and the antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris,Bacillus megaterium and Clavibacter michiganensis. The antimicrobial assays showed, in some cases, a promising antimicrobial effect compared to the synthetic drugs. The possible anti-acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities of the LEP extract were investigated by the Ellman’s assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, respectively, and their results showed that the LEP extract has an effective anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect and an antioxidant activity. Thus, the LEP extract could be valid as a candidate for further studies on the use of pomegranate in neurodegenerative diseases as a food preservative and a suitable substitute to control several phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Shimaa H. Sakr
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (S.H.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (S.H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-205544
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34
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Incoronato AL, Cedola A, Conte A, Del Nobile MA. Juice and by‐products from pomegranate to enrich pancake: characterisation and shelf‐life evaluation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Incoronato
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment University of Foggia Foggia Italy
| | - Annamaria Cedola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment University of Foggia Foggia Italy
| | - Amalia Conte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment University of Foggia Foggia Italy
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35
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Pomegranate: Nutraceutical with Promising Benefits on Human Health. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate is an old plant made up by flowers, roots, fruits and leaves, native to Central Asia and principally cultivated in the Mediterranean and California (although now widespread almost all over the globe). The current use of this precious plant regards not only the exteriority of the fruit (employed also for ornamental purpose) but especially the nutritional and, still potential, health benefits that come out from the various parts composing this one (carpellary membranes, arils, seeds and bark). Indeed, the phytochemical composition of the fruit abounds in compounds (flavonoids, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins, mineral salts, vitamins, lipids, organic acids) presenting a significant biological and nutraceutical value. For these reasons, pomegranate interest is increased over the years as the object of study for many research groups, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. Specifically, in-depth studies of its biological and functional properties and the research of new formulations could be applied to a wide spectrum of diseases including neoplastic, cardiovascular, viral, inflammatory, metabolic, microbial, intestinal, reproductive and skin diseases. In this review, considering the increasing scientific and commercial interest of nutraceuticals, we reported an update of the investigations concerning the health-promoting properties of pomegranate and its bioactive compounds against principal human pathologies.
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36
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Li P, Du R, Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhan P, Liu X, Kang D, Chen Z, Zhao X, Wang L, Rong L, Cui Q. Punicalagin is a neuraminidase inhibitor of influenza viruses. J Med Virol 2020; 93:3465-3472. [PMID: 32827314 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes great morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. However, there are only a limited number of drugs clinically available against IAV infection. Further, emergence of drug-resistant strains can render those drugs ineffective. Thus there is an unmet medical need to develop new anti-influenza agents. In this study, we show that punicalagin from plants possesses strong anti-influenza activity with a low micromolar IC50 value in tissue culture. Using a battery of bioassays such as single-cycle replication assay, neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay, and virus yield reduction assay, we demonstrate that the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of punicalagin is the NA-mediated viral release. Moreover, punicalagin can inhibit replication of different strains of influenza A and B viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant virus (NA/H274Y), indicating that punicalagin is a broad spectrum antiviral against both IAV and IBV. Further, although punicalagin targets NA like oseltamivir, it has a different MOA. These results suggest that punicalagin is an influenza NA inhibitor that may be further developed as a novel antiviral against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.,Research Center, College of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zinuo Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.,Research Center, College of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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37
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Zhao Y, Jiang Q. Roles of the Polyphenol-Gut Microbiota Interaction in Alleviating Colitis and Preventing Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:546-565. [PMID: 32905583 PMCID: PMC8009754 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota can promote or inhibit colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Promotion of beneficial gut bacteria is considered a promising strategy to alleviate colonic diseases including colitis and colorectal cancer. Interestingly, dietary polyphenols, which have been shown to attenuate colitis and inhibit colorectal cancer in animal models and some human studies, appear to reach relatively high concentrations in the large intestine and to interact with the gut microbial community. This review summarizes the modulatory effects of polyphenols on the gut microbiota in humans and animals under healthy and diseased conditions including colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Existing human and animal studies indicate that polyphenols and polyphenol-rich whole foods are capable of elevating butyrate producers and probiotics that alleviate colitis and inhibit CAC, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Studies in colitis and CAC models indicate that polyphenols decrease opportunistic pathogenic or proinflammatory microbes and counteract disease-induced dysbiosis. Consistently, polyphenols also change microbial functions, including increasing butyrate formation. Moreover, polyphenol metabolites produced by the gut microbiota appear to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, protect gut barrier integrity, and mitigate inflammatory conditions in cells and animal models. Based on these results, we conclude that polyphenol-mediated alteration of microbial composition and functions, together with polyphenol metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, likely contribute to the protective effects of polyphenols on colitis and CAC. Future research is needed to validate the causal role of the polyphenol-gut microbiota interaction in polyphenols' anti-colitis and anti-CAC effects, and to further elucidate mechanisms underlying such interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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38
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Yang J, Guo Y, Henning SM, Chan B, Long J, Zhong J, Acin-Perez R, Petcherski A, Shirihai O, Heber D, Li Z. Ellagic Acid and Its Microbial Metabolite Urolithin A Alleviate Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000091. [PMID: 32783299 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This work aims at evaluating the effect of dietary ellagic acid (EA) and its microbial metabolite urolithin A (UA) on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) in mice with diet-induced IR. METHODS AND RESULTS DBA2J mice are fed a high fat/high sucrose diet (HF/HS) for 8 weeks to induce IR and then 0.1% EA, UA, or EA and UA (EA+UA) are added to the HF/HS-diet for another 8 weeks. UA significantly decreases fasting glucose and increases adiponectin compared with HF/HS-controls. During intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, EA+UA significantly improve insulin-mediated glucose lowering effects at 15 and 120 min and reduce blood triglycerides compared with HF/HS-controls. Serum free fatty acids are significantly decreased by EA, UA, and EA+UA. Differential expression of genes related to mitochondrial function by EA, UA, and EA+UA in liver and skeletal muscle is observed. Primary hepatocytes from IR-mice have higher proton leak, basal and ATP-linked oxygen consumption rates compared with healthy controls. EA and EA+UA but not UA reduce the proton leak in hepatocytes from IR-mice. CONCLUSION EA and UA induce different metabolic benefits in IR mice. The effects of EA and UA on mitochondrial function suggest a potentially novel mechanism modulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brenda Chan
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jianfeng Long
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, 2nd XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Puljula E, Walton G, Woodward MJ, Karonen M. Antimicrobial Activities of Ellagitannins against Clostridiales perfringens, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2020; 25:E3714. [PMID: 32824081 PMCID: PMC7465317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the growth inhibition effect of 22 individual ellagitannins and of pentagalloylglucose on four bacterial species, i.e., Clostridiales perfringens, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus aureus. All tested compounds showed antimicrobial effects against S. aureus, and almost all against E. coli and C. perfringens. For L. plantarum, no or very weak growth inhibition was detected. The level of inhibition was the greatest for S. aureus and the weakest for C. perfringens. For S. aureus, the molecular size or flexibility of ellagitannins did not show a clear relationship with their antimicrobial activity, even though rugosins E and D and pentagalloylglucose with four or five free galloyl groups had a stronger growth inhibition effect than the other ellagitannins with glucopyranose cores but with less free galloyl groups. Additionally, our results with S. aureus showed that the oligomeric linkage of ellagitannin might have an effect on its antimicrobial activity. For E. coli, the molecular size, but not the molecular flexibility, of ellagitannins seemed to be an important factor. For C. perfringens, both the molecular size and the flexibility of ellagitannin were important factors. In previous studies, corilagin was used as a model for ellagitannins, but our results showed that other ellagitannins are much more efficacious; therefore, the antimicrobial effects of ellagitannins could be more significant than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Puljula
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Gemma Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Studies, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK; (G.W.); or
| | - Martin J. Woodward
- Department of Food and Nutritional Studies, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK; (G.W.); or
- Folium Science, Unit-DX, Bristol BS2 OXJ, UK
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
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Abstract
Purpose of Review In this review, we focus on microbiota modulation using non-digestible carbohydrate and polyphenols (i.e., prebiotics) that have the potential to modulate body weight. Recent Findings Prebiotics derived from plants have gained the interest of public and scientific communities as they may prevent diseases and help maintain health. Summary Maintaining a healthy body weight is key to reducing the risk of developing chronic metabolic complications. However, the prevalence of obesity has increased to pandemic proportions and is now ranked globally in the top five risk factors for death. While diet and behavioral modification programs aiming to reduce weight gain and promote weight loss are effective in the short term, they remain insufficient over the long haul as compliance is often low and weight regain is very common. As a result, novel dietary strategies targeting the gut microbiota have been successful in decreasing obesity and metabolic disorders via different molecular mechanisms.
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41
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The effect of nut consumption (tree nuts and peanuts) on the gut microbiota of humans: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:508-520. [PMID: 32713355 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence linking the gut microbiota to various aspects of human health. Nuts are a food rich in prebiotic fibre and polyphenols, food components which have been shown to have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence regarding the effect of nut consumption on the human gut microbiota. A systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL and CINAHL was performed until 28 November 2019. Eligible studies were those that investigated the effects of nut consumption in humans (aged over 3 years old), utilising next-generation sequencing technology. Primary outcome measures were between-group differences in α- and β-diversity metrics and gut microbial composition. A total of eight studies were included in the review. Included studies assessed the effects of either almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts or pistachios on the gut microbiota. Overall, nut consumption had a modest impact on gut microbiota diversity, with two studies reporting a significant shift in α-diversity and four reporting a significant shift in β-diversity. Walnuts, in particular, appeared to more frequently explain shifts in β-diversity, which may be a result of their unique nutritional composition. Some shifts in bacterial composition (including an increase in genera capable of producing SCFA: Clostridium, Roseburia, Lachnospira and Dialister) were reported following the consumption of nuts. Nut intake may yield a modulatory effect on the gut microbiota; however, results were inconsistent across studies, which may be explained by variations in trial design, methodological limitations and inter-individual microbiota.
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42
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Li L, Ma H, Liu T, Ding Z, Liu W, Gu Q, Mu Y, Xu J, Seeram NP, Huang X, Xu J. Glucitol-core containing gallotannins-enriched red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves extract alleviated obesity via modulating short-chain fatty acid production in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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43
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Evtyugin DD, Magina S, Evtuguin DV. Recent Advances in the Production and Applications of Ellagic Acid and Its Derivatives. A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122745. [PMID: 32545813 PMCID: PMC7355634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagitannins (ETs), characterized by their diversity and chemical complexity, belong to the class of hydrolysable tannins that, via hydrolysis under acidic or alkaline conditions, can yield ellagic acid (EA). They are mostly found as a part of extractives in angiosperms. As known antioxidants and chelators, EA and EA derivatives are drawing an increasing interest towards extensive technical and biomedical applications. The latter ones include possible antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and cardioprotective, chemopreventive, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, antihyperlipidemic, and antidepressant-like activities, among others. EA’s synthesis and production challenges prompt further research on new methods and alternative sources. Conventional and prospective methods and raw materials for the production of EA and its derivatives are reviewed. Among the potential sources of EA, the residues and industrial streams of the pulp industry have been highlighted and considered as an alluring alternative in terms of commercial exploitation.
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44
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Seyed Hameed AS, Rawat PS, Meng X, Liu W. Biotransformation of dietary phytoestrogens by gut microbes: A review on bidirectional interaction between phytoestrogen metabolism and gut microbiota. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107576. [PMID: 32531317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are a class of plant produced polyphenolic compounds with diphenolic structure, which is similar to 17β-estradiol. These phytoestrogens preferentially bind to estrogen receptors, however, with weak affinity. Recently, many studies have found that these phytoestrogens can be transformed by gut microbiota through novel enzymatic reactions into metabolites with altered bioactivity. Recent studies have also implied that these metabolites could possibly modulate the host gut ecosystem, gene expression, metabolism and the immune system. Thus, isolating gut microbes capable of biotransforming phytoestrogens and characterizing the novel enzymatic reactions involved are principal to understand the mechanisms of beneficial effects brought by gut microbiota and their metabolism on phytoestrogens, and to provide the theoretical knowledge for the development of functional probiotics. In the present review, we summarized works on gut microbial biotransformation of phytoestrogens, including daidzin (isoflavone), phenylnaringenin (prenylflavonoid), lignans, resveratrol (stilbene) and ellagitannins. We mainly focus on gut bacterial isolation, metabolic pathway characterization, and the bidirectional interaction of phytoestrogens with gut microbes to illustrate the novel metabolic capability of gut microbiota and the methods used in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahkam Saddam Seyed Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Parkash Singh Rawat
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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45
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Loo YT, Howell K, Chan M, Zhang P, Ng K. Modulation of the human gut microbiota by phenolics and phenolic fiber-rich foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1268-1298. [PMID: 33337077 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a prominent role in human health. Alterations in the gut microbiota are linked to the development of chronic diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and certain cancers. We know that diet plays an important role to initiate, shape, and modulate the gut microbiota. Long-term dietary patterns are shown to be closely related with the gut microbiota enterotypes, specifically long-term consumption of carbohydrates (related to Prevotella abundance) or a diet rich in protein and animal fats (correlated to Bacteroides). Short-term consumption of solely animal- or plant-based diets have rapid and reproducible modulatory effects on the human gut microbiota. These alterations in microbiota profile by dietary alterations can be due to impact of different dietary macronutrients, carbohydrates, protein, and fat, which have diverse modulatory effects on gut microbial composition. Food-derived phenolics, which encompass structural variants of flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarins, stilbenes, ellagitannins, and lignans can modify the gut microbiota. Gut microbes have been shown to act on dietary fibers and phenolics to produce functional metabolites that contribute to gut health. Here, we discuss recent studies on the impacts of phenolics and phenolic fiber-rich foods on the human gut microbiota and provide an insight into potential synergistic roles between their bacterial metabolic products in the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit Tao Loo
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Howell
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miin Chan
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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46
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Holkem AT, Robichaud V, Favaro-Trindade CS, Lacroix M. Chemopreventive Properties of Extracts Obtained from Blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and Jabuticaba ( Myrciaria cauliflora Berg.) in Combination with Probiotics. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:671-685. [PMID: 32412316 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1761986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association of probiotics and fruit extracts may influence the chemopreventive effect of colorectal cancer. In this context, antiproliferative activity was evaluated to select the best extracts that would be added probiotics, after addition of Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus in the extracts the antiradical and antioxidant activity, quinone reductase (QR) assay and apoptosis assay were evaluated. Four extracts were isolated: E1: rich in total phenolic compounds; E2: rich in water-soluble phenolic compounds; E3: rich in most apolar phenolic compounds and E4: rich in anthocyanins. The antiproliferative results showed that the best extracts for blueberry and jabuticaba were, respectively the extract E4 and E2. After addition of the probiotic bacteria in these best extracts, it was observed that E2 from jabuticaba presented significantly higher antiradical and antioxidant activity values compared to E4 from blueberry before and after addition of probiotics. There was also a 9-fold increase in activity of QR by the E2 from jabuticaba with Lactobacillus (JL). Likewise, this same extract showed a significant increase both in apoptotic and necrotic cells for both cells. In conclusion, extract rich in water-soluble phenolic compounds (E2) from jabuticaba presented a greater chemopreventive effect compared to the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Tasch Holkem
- Research Laboratory in Sciences, Applied to Food, INRS Armand-Frappier Health and Biotechnology Centre, Canadian Irradiation Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Valérie Robichaud
- Research Laboratory in Sciences, Applied to Food, INRS Armand-Frappier Health and Biotechnology Centre, Canadian Irradiation Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carmen Silvia Favaro-Trindade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Lacroix
- Research Laboratory in Sciences, Applied to Food, INRS Armand-Frappier Health and Biotechnology Centre, Canadian Irradiation Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval, Quebec, Canada
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47
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Sorrenti V, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Buriani A. Deciphering the Role of Polyphenols in Sports Performance: From Nutritional Genomics to the Gut Microbiota toward Phytonutritional Epigenomics. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051265. [PMID: 32365576 PMCID: PMC7281972 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. The gut microbiome can alter the bioavailability of nutrients and other substances, the genome can influence molecule kinetics and dynamics, while the epigenome can modulate or amplify the properties of the genome. Today the use of omic techniques and bioinformatics, allow the construction of individual multilayer networks and thus the identification of personalized strategies that have recently been considered in all medical fields, including sports medicine. The composition of each athlete’s microbiome influences sports performance both directly by acting on energy metabolism and indirectly through the modulation of nutrient or non-nutrient molecule availability that ultimately affects the individual epigenome and the genome. Among non-nutrient molecules polyphenols can potentiate physical performances through different epigenetic mechanisms. Polyphenols interact with the gut microbiota, undergoing extensive metabolism to produce bioactive molecules, which act on transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant systems, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and DNA repair. This review focuses on polyphenols effects in sports performance considering the individual microbiota, epigenomic asset, and the genomic characteristics of athletes to understand how their supplementation could potentially help to modulate muscle inflammation and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
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48
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Zhao L, Zhou A, Liu Z, Xiao J, Wang Y, Cao Y, Wang L. Inhibitory mechanism of lactoferrin on antibacterial activity of oenothein B: isothermal titration calorimetry and computational docking simulation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2494-2501. [PMID: 31960970 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many foods contain proteins and polyphenols, but there is a poor understanding of the nature of the inhibitory effect of protein on the biologic activity of polyphenols. The inhibitory mechanism of the food protein lactoferrin on the antibacterial activity of oligomeric ellagitannin oenothein B (OeB) was investigated using fluorescence quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD) measurement and molecular docking. RESULTS The antibacterial activity of OeB against Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by lactoferrin, which was retained at about 60%. An interaction study revealed that an interaction occurred between OeB and lactoferrin. Thermodynamic analyses indicate that the binding process was spontaneous, and the main driving forces were based on electrostatic interactions that contributed to a high interaction affinity between OeB and lactoferrin. Furthermore, CD spectra provided insights into conformational changes of lactoferrin. Finally, molecular docking analysis provided a visual representation of a single binding site where OeB interacted with specific amino acid residues located at the active site of lactoferrin. In particular, due to the unique macrocyclic structure and rigid ring structure of OeB, a small number of hydroxyl groups in the rigid structure of OeB interacted with the amino acid of lactoferrin while most of the phenolic hydroxyl groups were not associated with lactoferrin. CONCLUSION Our study provides a theoretical basis for the use of OeB as an antibacterial substance that can be used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Aidi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zitao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Microbiology Inspection, Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Microbiology Inspection, Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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49
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Choe U, Li Y, Yu L, Gao B, Wang TTY, Sun J, Chen P, Yu L. Chemical composition of cold-pressed blackberry seed flour extract and its potential health-beneficial properties. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1215-1225. [PMID: 32148827 PMCID: PMC7020322 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blackberry seed flour was cold-extracted using 50% acetone and examined for its phytochemical composition and health-beneficial properties including in vitro gut microbiota modulatory, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative capacities. Among identified thirteen components of blackberry seed flour extract through UHPLC-MS analysis, sanguiin H6 was the primary component and followed by ellagic acid and pedunculagin. For health-beneficial properties, the blackberry seed flour extract increased the total number of gut bacteria and shifted the abundance of specific bacterial phylum, family, or genus. The extract had RDSC, ORAC, HOSC, and ABTS•+ scavenging capacities of 362, 304, 2,531, and 267 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, respectively. In addition, the blackberry seed flour extract showed capacities for anti-inflammation and antiproliferation by suppressing LPS induced IL-1β mRNA expressions in the cultured J774A.1 mouse macrophages and the proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The results suggest potential health benefits and further utilization of blackberry seed flour as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyory Choe
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Yanfang Li
- Food Composition and Methods Development LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development LaboratoryBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMDUSA
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
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Kandylis P, Kokkinomagoulos E. Food Applications and Potential Health Benefits of Pomegranate and its Derivatives. Foods 2020; 9:E122. [PMID: 31979390 PMCID: PMC7074153 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an ancient fruit that is particularly cultivated in west Asia, though it is also cultivated in the Mediterranean region and other parts of the world. Since ancient years, its consumption has been associated with numerous health benefits. In recent years, several in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed its beneficial physiological activities, especially its antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, human-based studies have shown promising results and have indicated pomegranate potential as a protective agent of several diseases. Following that trend and the food industry's demand for antioxidants and antimicrobials from natural sources, the application of pomegranate and its extracts (mainly as antioxidants and antimicrobials), has been studied extensively in different types of food products with satisfactory results. This review aims to present all the recent studies and trends in the applications of pomegranate in the food industry and how these trends have affected product's physicochemical characteristics and shelf-life. In addition, recent in vitro and in vivo studies are presented in order to reveal pomegranate's potential in the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kandylis
- Laboratory of Oenology and Alcoholic Beverages, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 235, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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