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Huynh DC, Nguyen MP, Ngo DT, Nguyen XH, Nguyen DT, Mai TH, Le TH, Hoang MD, Le KL, Nguyen KQ, Nguyen VH, Kelley KW. A comprehensive analysis of the immune system in healthy Vietnamese people. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30647. [PMID: 38765090 PMCID: PMC11101793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle, diet, socioeconomic status and genetics all contribute to heterogeneity in immune responses. Vietnam is plagued with a variety of health problems, but there are no available data on immune system values in the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to establish reference intervals for immune cell parameters specific to the healthy Vietnamese population by utilizing multi-color flow cytometry (MCFC). We provide a comprehensive analysis of total leukocyte count, quantitative and qualitative shifts within lymphocyte subsets, serum and cytokine and chemokine levels and functional attributes of key immune cells including B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and their respective subpopulations. By establishing these reference values for the Vietnamese population, these data contribute significantly to our understanding of the human immune system variations across diverse populations. These data will be of substantial comparative value and be instrumental in developing personalized medical approaches and optimizing diagnostic strategies for individuals based on their unique immune profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith W Kelley
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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2
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Napolitano M, Potestio L, Nocerino M, Patruno C. Considerations for managing elderly patients with atopic dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:501-511. [PMID: 38193289 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2301967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosis in elderly is challenging, due to its clinical polymorphism and the lack of diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, the chronicity of the disease and the complex pathogenetic mechanism, make elderly AD management challenging. AREAS COVERED A narrative review of the current literature was performed using the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Skin databases, by researching the following terms: 'atopic dermatitis,' 'clinical phenotypes,' 'eczema,' 'elderly patients,' 'elderly type atopic dermatitis,' 'eczema clinical presentation.' The aim was to report the current knowledge on pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment options of elderly AD. EXPERT OPINION Elderly type AD has recently been identified as a separate entity, with an increasing prevalence. With aging, both immunosenescence and barrier alterations can cause or modify AD presentation. Moreover, a chronic proinflammatory state (so-called 'inflammaging') is often present in elderly subjects. Older patients with AD may present with peculiar immunophenotypic profile, making AD diagnosis challenging. Similarly, the chronicity of the disease and the complex pathogenetic mechanism, make AD management a challenge. Indeed, systemic therapies for AD are often contraindicated or not tolerated and the management of elderly type AD is often burdened with numerous difficulties, leading to undertreated disease. Even if dupilumab and tralokinumab represent a valuable therapeutic weapon, more data on safety of JAK inhibitors are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Napolitano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Potestio
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Nocerino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Snijckers RPM, Foks AC. Adaptive immunity and atherosclerosis: aging at its crossroads. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350471. [PMID: 38686373 PMCID: PMC11056569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays a profound role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis by regulating antigen-specific responses, inflammatory signaling and antibody production. However, as we age, our immune system undergoes a gradual functional decline, a phenomenon termed "immunosenescence". This decline is characterized by a reduction in proliferative naïve B- and T cells, decreased B- and T cell receptor repertoire and a pro-inflammatory senescence associated secretory profile. Furthermore, aging affects germinal center responses and deteriorates secondary lymphoid organ function and structure, leading to impaired T-B cell dynamics and increased autoantibody production. In this review, we will dissect the impact of aging on adaptive immunity and the role played by age-associated B- and T cells in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, emphasizing the need for interventions that target age-related immune dysfunction to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda C. Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Kasmani MY, Topchyan P, Brown AK, Brown RJ, Wu X, Chen Y, Khatun A, Alson D, Wu Y, Burns R, Lin CW, Kudek MR, Sun J, Cui W. A spatial sequencing atlas of age-induced changes in the lung during influenza infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6597. [PMID: 37852965 PMCID: PMC10584893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Aging impairs the immune response to influenza, both intrinsically and because of altered interactions with endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cells. To characterize these changes, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) on lung tissue from young and aged female mice at days 0, 3, and 9 post-influenza infection. Our analyses identified dozens of key genes differentially expressed in kinetic, age-dependent, and cell type-specific manners. Aged immune cells exhibited altered inflammatory, memory, and chemotactic profiles. Aged endothelial cells demonstrated characteristics of reduced vascular wound healing and a prothrombotic state. Spatial transcriptomics identified novel profibrotic and antifibrotic markers expressed by epithelial and non-epithelial cells, highlighting the complex networks that promote fibrosis in aged lungs. Bulk RNA-seq generated a timeline of global transcriptional activity, showing increased expression of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation in aged lungs. Our work provides an atlas of high-throughput sequencing methodologies that can be used to investigate age-related changes in the response to influenza virus, identify novel cell-cell interactions for further study, and ultimately uncover potential therapeutic targets to improve health outcomes in the elderly following influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moujtaba Y Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ashley K Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ryan J Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Donia Alson
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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5
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Whelan M, Galipeau Y, White-Al Habeeb N, Konforte D, Abou El Hassan M, Booth RA, Arnold C, Langlois MA, Pelchat M. Cross-sectional Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels and Decay Rates Following Infection of Unvaccinated Elderly Individuals. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad384. [PMID: 37547857 PMCID: PMC10404006 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infections have disproportionally burdened elderly populations with excessive mortality. While several contributing factors exists, questions remain about the quality and duration of humoral antibody-mediated responses resulting from infections in unvaccinated elderly individuals. Methods Residual serum/plasma samples were collected from individuals undergoing routine SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing in a community laboratory in Canada. The samples were collected in 2020, before vaccines became available. IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, trimeric spike, and its receptor-binding domain were quantified via a high-throughput chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutralization efficiency was also quantified through a surrogate high-throughput protein-based neutralization assay. Results This study analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in a large cross-sectional cohort (N = 739), enriched for elderly individuals (median age, 82 years; 75% >65 years old), where 72% of samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction. The age group ≥90 years had higher levels of antibodies than that <65 years. Neutralization efficiency showed an age-dependent trend, where older persons had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies. Antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid had the fastest decline. IgG antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain remained stable over time, potentially explaining the lack of neutralization decay observed in this cohort. Conclusions Despite older individuals having the highest levels of antibodies postinfection, they are the cohort in which antibody decay was the fastest. Until a better understanding of correlates of protection is acquired, along with the protective role of nonneutralizing antibodies, booster vaccinations remain important in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Whelan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Mohamed Abou El Hassan
- LifeLabs Medical Laboratory Services, Etobicoke, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Bakirtzis C, Lima M, De Lorenzo SS, Artemiadis A, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Konstantinidou N, Sintila SA, Boziki MK, Parissis D, Ioannidis P, Karapanayiotides T, Hadjigeorgiou G, Grigoriadis N. Secondary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders in the Elderly: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2126. [PMID: 37570367 PMCID: PMC10418902 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary demyelinating diseases comprise a wide spectrum group of pathological conditions and may either be attributed to a disorder primarily affecting the neurons or axons, followed by demyelination, or to an underlying condition leading to secondary damage of the myelin sheath. In the elderly, primary demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis, are relatively uncommon. However, secondary causes of CNS demyelination may often occur and in this case, extensive diagnostic workup is usually needed. Infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccinal demyelination may be observed, attributed to age-related alterations of the immune system in this population. Osmotic disturbances and nutritional deficiencies, more commonly observed in the elderly, may lead to conditions such as pontine/extrapontine myelinolysis, Wernicke encephalopathy, and demyelination of the posterior columns of the spinal cord. The prevalence of malignancies is higher in the elderly, sometimes leading to radiation-induced, immunotherapy-related, or paraneoplastic CNS demyelination. This review intends to aid clinical neurologists in broadening their diagnostic approach to secondary CNS demyelinating diseases in the elderly. Common clinical conditions leading to secondary demyelination and their clinical manifestations are summarized here, while the current knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is additionally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Bakirtzis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Lima
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Sotiria Stavropoulou De Lorenzo
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Artemios Artemiadis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia CY-2029, Cyprus; (A.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Natalia Konstantinidou
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Styliani-Aggeliki Sintila
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Marina-Kleopatra Boziki
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Parissis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Theodoros Karapanayiotides
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | | | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
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Monzó C, Gkioni L, Beyer A, Valenzano DR, Grönke S, Partridge L. Dietary restriction mitigates the age-associated decline in mouse B cell receptor repertoire diversity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112722. [PMID: 37384530 PMCID: PMC10391628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging impairs the capacity to respond to novel antigens, reducing immune protection against pathogens and vaccine efficacy. Dietary restriction (DR) extends life- and health span in diverse animals. However, little is known about the capacity of DR to combat the decline in immune function. Here, we study the changes in B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire during aging in DR and control mice. By sequencing the variable region of the BCR heavy chain in the spleen, we show that DR preserves diversity and attenuates the increase in clonal expansions throughout aging. Remarkably, mice starting DR in mid-life have repertoire diversity and clonal expansion rates indistinguishable from chronic DR mice. In contrast, in the intestine, these traits are unaffected by either age or DR. Reduced within-individual B cell repertoire diversity and increased clonal expansions are correlated with higher morbidity, suggesting a potential contribution of B cell repertoire dynamics to health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Monzó
- Department Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Age-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisonia Gkioni
- Department Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Age-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dario Riccardo Valenzano
- Microbiome-Host Interactions in Ageing Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany; Evolutionary Biology/Microbiome-Host Interactions in Aging Group: Fritz Lipmann Institute - Leibniz Institute on Aging, 07745 Jena, Thuringia, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Department Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany; Genetics, Evolution & Environment Group, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Thomas AL, Wayman JA, Almanan M, Bejjani AT, Miraldi ER, Chougnet CA, Hildeman DA. Elevated CD153 Expression on Aged T Follicular Helper Cells is Vital for B cell Responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533214. [PMID: 36993647 PMCID: PMC10055293 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Our recent data showed that an aberrant IL-10-producing T follicular helper population (Tfh10) accumulates dramatically with age and is associated with age-related declines in vaccine responsiveness. Through single cell gene expression and chromatin accessibility analysis of IL-10+ and IL-10- memory CD4+ T cells from young and aged mice, we identified increased expression of CD153 on aged Tfh and Tfh10 cells. Mechanistically, we linked inflammaging (increased IL-6 levels) to elevated CD153 expression of Tfh cells through c-Maf. Surprisingly, blockade of CD153 in aged mice significantly reduced their vaccine-driven antibody response, which was associated with decreased expression of ICOS on antigen-specific Tfh cells. Combined, these data show that an IL-6/c-Maf/CD153 circuit is critical for maintaining ICOS expression. Thus, although overall Tfh-mediated B cell responses are reduced in the context of vaccines and aging, our data suggest that elevated expression of CD153 on Tfh cells potentiates the remaining Tfh function in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph A Wayman
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maha Almanan
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anthony T Bejjani
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emily R Miraldi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David A Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Bajwa S, Luebbe A, Vo NDN, Piskor EM, Kosan C, Wolf G, Loeffler I. RAGE is a critical factor of sex-based differences in age-induced kidney damage. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1154551. [PMID: 37064891 PMCID: PMC10090518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1154551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules with potential pathophysiological effects on the kidneys. Fibrosis together with the accumulation of AGEs has been investigated for its contribution to age-related decline in renal function. AGEs mediate their effects in large parts through their interactions with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). RAGE is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and has the ability to interact with multiple pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative ligands. The role of RAGE in aging kidneys has not been fully characterized, especially for sex-based differences.Methods: Therefore, we analyzed constitutive RAGE knockout (KO) mice in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Paraffin-embedded kidney sections were used for histological analysis and protein expression of fibrosis and damage markers. RNA expression analysis from the kidney cortex was done by qPCR for AGE receptors, kidney damage, and early inflammation/fibrosis factors. FACS analysis was used for immune cell profiling of the kidneys.Results: Histological analysis revealed enhanced infiltration of immune cells (positive for B220) in aged (>70 weeks old) KO mice in both sexes. FACS analysis revealed a similar pattern of enhanced B-1a cells in aged KO mice. There was an age-based increase in pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF, TGF-β1, and SNAIL1) in KO male mice that presumably contributed to renal fibrosis and renal damage (glomerular and tubular). In fact, in KO mice, there was an age-dependent increase in renal damage (assessed by NGAL and KIM1) that was accompanied by increased fibrosis (assessed by CTGF). This effect was more pronounced in male KO mice than in the female KO mice. In contrast to the KO animals, no significant increase in damage markers was detectable in wild-type animals at the age examined (>70 weeks old). Moreover, there is an age-based increase in AGEs and scavenger receptor MSR-A2 in the kidneys.Discussion: Our data suggest that the loss of the clearance receptor RAGE in male animals further accelerates age-dependent renal damage; this could be in part due to an increase in AGEs load during aging and the absence of protective female hormones. By contrast, in females, RAGE expression seems to play only a minor role when compared to tissue pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Bajwa
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Luebbe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ngoc Dong Nhi Vo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Piskor
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivonne Loeffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ivonne Loeffler,
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Stamatis P, Turesson C, Michailidou D, Mohammad AJ. Pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis with focus on cellular populations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1058600. [PMID: 36465919 PMCID: PMC9714577 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1058600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA), the most common non-infectious vasculitis, mainly affects elderly individuals. The disease usually affects the aorta and its main supra-aortic branches causing both general symptoms of inflammation and specific ischemic symptoms because of the limited blood flow due to arterial structural changes in the inflamed arteries. The pathogenesis of the GCA is complex and includes a dysregulated immune response that affects both the innate and the adaptive immunity. During the last two decades several studies have investigated interactions among antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes, which contribute to the formation of the inflammatory infiltrate in the affected arteries. Toll-like receptor signaling and interactions through the VEGF-Notch-Jagged1 pathway are emerging as crucial events of the aberrant inflammatory response, facilitating among others the migration of inflammatory cells to the inflamed arteries and their interactions with the local stromal milieu. The increased use of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy and their immune-related adverse events has fed interest in the role of checkpoint dysfunction in GCA, and recent studies suggest a dysregulated check point system which is unable to suppress the inflammation in the previously immune-privileged arteries, leading to vasculitis. The role of B-cells is currently reevaluated because of new reports of considerable numbers of plasma cells in inflamed arteries as well as the formation of artery tertiary lymphoid organs. There is emerging evidence on previously less studied cell populations, such as the neutrophils, CD8+ T-cells, T regulatory cells and tissue residing memory cells as well as for stromal cells which were previously considered as innocent bystanders. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence in the literature regarding the cell populations involved in the pathogenesis of GCA and especially in the context of an aged, immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Stamatis
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Rheumatology, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Carl Turesson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Despina Michailidou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aladdin J. Mohammad
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized with a wide range of clinical presentations from asymptomatic to severe disease. In patients with severe disease, the main causes of mortality have been acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm and thrombotic events. Although all factors that may be associated with disease severity are not yet clear, older age remains a leading risk factor. While age-related immune changes may be at the bottom of severe course of COVID-19, age-related hormonal changes have considerable importance due to their interactions with these immune alterations, and also with endothelial dysfunction and comorbid cardiometabolic disorders. This review aims to provide the current scientific evidence on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the pathway to severe COVID-19, from a collaborative perspective of age-related immune and hormonal changes together, in accordance with the clinical knowledge acquired thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Hanife Oguz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Koca
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Okan Yildiz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Baarz BR, Rink L. Rebalancing the unbalanced aged immune system - A special focus on zinc. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101541. [PMID: 34915196 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, aging is understood as a dynamic and multifaceted dysregulation process that spares almost no human organ or cell. The immune system being among the most affected, it has been shown predominantly that its integrity determines the tightrope walk between the difference of escaping or suffering from age-related diseases. Next to drug-based anti-aging strategies, micronutrient intervention may represent an emerging but less radical way to slow immune aging. While a sufficient supply of a variety of micronutrients is undeniably important, adequate intake of the trace element zinc appears to tower over others in terms of reaching old age. Inconveniently, zinc deficiency prevalence among the elderly is high, which in turn contributes to increased susceptibility to infection, decreased anti-tumor immunity as well as attenuated response to vaccination. Driven by this research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the various rebalancing capabilities of zinc in the unbalanced immune system of the elderly. This includes an in-depth and cell type-centered discussion on the role of zinc in immunosenescence and inflammaging. We further address upcoming translational aspects e.g. how zinc deficiency promotes the flourishing of certain pathogenic taxa of the gut microbiome and how zinc supply counteracts such alterations in a manner that may contribute to longevity. In the light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we also briefly review current knowledge on the interdependency between age, zinc status, and respiratory infections. Based on two concrete examples and considering the latest findings in the field we conclude our remarks by outlining tremendous parallels between suboptimal zinc status and accelerated aging on the one hand and an optimized zinc status and successful aging on the other hand.
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13
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Yu K, Ravoor A, Malats N, Pineda S, Sirota M. A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating B Cell Repertoires. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790119. [PMID: 35069569 PMCID: PMC8767103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating B cells can play an important role in anti-tumor responses but their presence is not well understood. In this study, we extracted the B cell receptor repertoires from 9522 tumor and adjacent non-tumor samples across 28 tumor types in the Cancer Genome Atlas project and performed diversity and network analysis. We identified differences in diversity and network statistics across tumor types and subtypes and observed a trend towards increased clonality in primary tumors compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. We also found significant associations between the repertoire features and mutation load, tumor stage, and age. Our V-gene usage analysis identified similar V-gene usage patterns in colorectal and endometrial cancers. Lastly, we evaluated the prognostic value of the repertoire features and identified significant associations with survival in seven tumor types. This study warrants further research into better understanding the role of tumor-infiltrating B cells across a wide range of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Yu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Akshay Ravoor
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Pineda
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
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14
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Lee JL, Linterman MA. Mechanisms underpinning poor antibody responses to vaccines in ageing. Immunol Lett 2022; 241:1-14. [PMID: 34767859 PMCID: PMC8765414 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are a highly effective intervention for conferring protection against infections and reducing the associated morbidity and mortality in vaccinated individuals. However, ageing is often associated with a functional decline in the immune system that results in poor antibody production in older individuals after vaccination. A key contributing factor of this age-related decline in vaccine efficacy is the reduced size and function of the germinal centre (GC) response. GCs are specialised microstructures where B cells undergo affinity maturation and diversification of their antibody genes, before differentiating into long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells. The GC response requires the coordinated interaction of many different cell types, including B cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells and stromal cell subsets like follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). This review discusses how ageing affects different components of the GC reaction that contribute to its limited output and ultimately impaired antibody responses in older individuals after vaccination. An understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the age-related decline in the GC response is crucial in informing strategies to improve vaccine efficacy and extend the healthy lifespan amongst older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Le Lee
- Immunology Program, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Immunology Program, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
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15
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Bocheva GS, Slominski RM, Slominski AT. Immunological Aspects of Skin Aging in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115729. [PMID: 34072076 PMCID: PMC8198400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cutaneous immune response is important for the regulation of skin aging well as for the development of immune-mediated skin diseases. Aging of the human skin undergoes immunosenescence with immunological alterations and can be affected by environmental stressors and internal factors, thus leading to various epidermal barrier abnormalities. The dysfunctional epidermal barrier, immune dysregulation, and skin dysbiosis in the advanced age, together with the genetic factors, facilitate the late onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the elderly, whose cases have recently been on the rise. Controversial to the healthy aged skin, where overproduction of many cytokines is found, the levels of Th2/Th22 related cytokines inversely correlated with age in the skin of older AD patients. As opposed to an endogenously aged skin, the expression of the terminal differentiation markers significantly increases with age in AD. Despite the atenuated barrier disturbances in older AD patients, the aged skin carries an impairment associated with the aging process, which reflects the persistence of AD. The chronicity of AD in older patients might not directly affect skin aging but does not allow spontaneous remission. Thus, adult- and elderly subtypes of AD are considered as a lifelong disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta St. Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (G.S.B.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (G.S.B.); (A.T.S.)
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16
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Palacios-Pedrero MÁ, Osterhaus ADME, Becker T, Elbahesh H, Rimmelzwaan GF, Saletti G. Aging and Options to Halt Declining Immunity to Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681449. [PMID: 34054872 PMCID: PMC8149791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a process associated with aging that leads to dysregulation of cells of innate and adaptive immunity, which may become dysfunctional. Consequently, older adults show increased severity of viral and bacterial infections and impaired responses to vaccinations. A better understanding of the process of immunosenescence will aid the development of novel strategies to boost the immune system in older adults. In this review, we focus on major alterations of the immune system triggered by aging, and address the effect of chronic viral infections, effectiveness of vaccination of older adults and strategies to improve immune function in this vulnerable age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Becker
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Hagen KM, Ousman SS. The Neuroimmunology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and the Potential Role of an Aging Immune System. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:613628. [PMID: 33584245 PMCID: PMC7873882 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.613628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a paralyzing autoimmune condition affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Within GBS there are several variants affecting different aspects of the peripheral nerve. In general, there appears to be a role for T cells, macrophages, B cells, and complement in initiating and perpetuating attacks on gangliosides of Schwann cells and axons. Of note, GBS has an increased prevalence and severity with increasing age. In addition, there are alterations in immune cell functioning that may play a role in differences in GBS with age alongside general age-related declines in reparative processes (e.g., delayed de-differentiation of Schwann cells and decline in phagocytic ability of macrophages). The present review will explore the immune response in GBS as well as in animal models of several variants of the disorder. In addition, the potential involvement of an aging immune system in contributing to the increased prevalence and severity of GBS with age will be theorized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shalina S. Ousman
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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18
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Guevara-Hoyer K, Fuentes-Antrás J, Calatayud Gastardi J, Sánchez-Ramón S. Immunodeficiency and thymoma in Good syndrome: Two sides of the same coin. Immunol Lett 2021; 231:11-17. [PMID: 33418010 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Good Syndrome is a rare clinical entity first described as the conjunction of thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia, and more recently depicted as a complex disease integrating a medical history of thymoma with humoral immunodeficiency (more accurately stated: hypogammaglobulinemia) with or without cellular immunodeficiency, recurrent infections, autoimmunity, paraneoplastic syndromes and diverse aberrations in the immunological profile. This condition has an ominous prognosis with a high mortality rate secondary to recalcitrant infectious diseases. Understanding the possible discordances in clinical presentation and the temporal relationship between manifestations and immunological alterations is key to prevent misdiagnosis and complications. To this end, here we provide two illustrative patients with Good Syndrome that share common clinical manifestations and yet show unique and opposed immunological profiles, thereby highlighting the pivotal interest of a comprehensive immunological profiling in these patients. We conducted a thorough review of existing literature on the elusive molecular mechanisms underlying the syndrome and provide a clinical assessment algorithm to facilitate the management of these challenging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kissy Guevara-Hoyer
- Department of Clinical Immunology, IML and IdSSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology, IML and IdSSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Xu W, Lau ZWX, Fulop T, Larbi A. The Aging of γδ T Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051181. [PMID: 32397491 PMCID: PMC7290956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coming decades, many developed countries in the world are expecting the “greying” of their populations. This phenomenon poses unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Aging is one of the most important risk factors for infections and a myriad of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. A common denominator that is implicated in these diseases is the immune system. The immune system consists of the innate and adaptive arms that complement each other to provide the host with a holistic defense system. While the diverse interactions between multiple arms of the immune system are necessary for its function, this complexity is amplified in the aging immune system as each immune cell type is affected differently—resulting in a conundrum that is especially difficult to target. Furthermore, certain cell types, such as γδ T cells, do not fit categorically into the arms of innate or adaptive immunity. In this review, we will first introduce the human γδ T cell family and its ligands before discussing parallels in mice. By covering the ontogeny and homeostasis of γδ T cells during their lifespan, we will better capture their evolution and responses to age-related stressors. Finally, we will identify knowledge gaps within these topics that can advance our understanding of the relationship between γδ T cells and aging, as well as age-related diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
| | - Zandrea Wan Xuan Lau
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (W.X.); (Z.W.X.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6407-0412
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20
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Mietsch M, Paqué K, Drummer C, Stahl-Hennig C, Roshani B. The aging common marmoset's immune system: From junior to senior. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23128. [PMID: 32246726 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The social, health, and economic challenges of a steadily increasing aging population demand the use of appropriate translational animal models to address questions like healthy aging, vaccination strategies, or potential interventions during the aging process. Due to their genetic proximity to humans, especially nonhuman primates (NHPs) with a relatively short generation period compared to humans, qualify as excellent animal models for these purposes. The use of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in gerontology research steadily increased over the last decades, yet important information about their aging parameters are still missing. We therefore aimed to characterize their aging immune system by comprehensive flow cytometric phenotyping of blood immune cells from juvenile, adult, aging, and geriatric animals. Aged and geriatric animals displayed clear signs of immunosenescence. A decline in CD4/CD8 ratio, increased expression of HLA-DR and PD-1, higher frequencies of CD95+ memory cells, alterations in cytokine secretion, and a decline in the proliferative capacity proved T cell senescence in aging marmosets. Also, the B cell compartment was affected by age-related changes: while overall B cell numbers remained stable with advancing age, expression of the activation marker CD80 increased and immunoglobulin M expression decreased. Interestingly, marmoset B cell memory subset distribution rather mirrored the human situation than that of other NHP. CD21+ CD27- naïve B cell frequencies decreased while those of CD21- CD27- tissue memory B cells increased with age. Furthermore, frequencies and numbers of NK cells as part of the innate immune system declined with advancing age. Thus, the observed immunological changes in common marmosets over their life span revealed several similarities to age-related changes in humans and encourages further studies to strengthen the common marmoset as a potential aging model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mietsch
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Paqué
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Berit Roshani
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany
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21
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Sokolenko VL, Sokolenko SV. Manifestations of allostatic load in residents of radiation contaminated areas aged 18–24 years. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the features of allostatic load (AL) in 100 students aged 18–24 years old who, from birth to adulthood, lived in the territories assigned to the IV radiation zone after the Chornobyl accident (density of soil contamination by isotopes 137Cs 3.7–18.5∙104 Bq/m2) and underwent prolonged exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation. The examined students did not have any clinical signs of the immune-neuroendocrine system dysfunction. 50 people had signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome (VVD), 48 had signs of moderate hyperthyroidism and 21 had signs of moderate hypothyroidism. During the examination session, as a factor of additional psycho-emotional load, in 66 of the examined the immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+ went below the lower limit of the homeostatic norm, in 62 of the examined low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) exceeded the upper level. The relative risk (RR) and attributable risk (AR) of the participation of potential secondary factors of allostatic load formation in CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulatory index going below the lower limit were calculated. The presence of statistically significant relative risk of participation in the formation of suppression of the index CD4+/CD8+: the state of hyperthyroidism, state of hypothyroidism, vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome, higher than normal LDL-C. When the examined students combined the signs of hyperthyroidism, vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome and higher level of LDL-C; with combination of signs of hypothyroidism, vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome and higher level of LDL-C. The attributable risk in all cases exceeded 0.10, which confirmed the importance of some of these factors and their complexes in the formation of the effect of reduced immunoregulatory index. The CD4+/CD8+ index can be considered an important biomarker of AL and premature age-related changes in the immune system in residents of radiation-contaminated areas. The risk of AL formation in the case of occurrence of a complex of mediated secondary biomarkers (vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, hypercholesterolemia) is higher compared to their individual significance.
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22
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Age-specific changes in the molecular phenotype of patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:144-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Moura J, Madureira P, Leal EC, Fonseca AC, Carvalho E. Immune aging in diabetes and its implications in wound healing. Clin Immunol 2019; 200:43-54. [PMID: 30735729 PMCID: PMC7322932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune systems have evolved to recognize and eliminate pathogens and damaged cells. In humans, it is estimated to recognize 109 epitopes and natural selection ensures that clonally expanded cells replace unstimulated cells and overall immune cell numbers remain stationary. But, with age, it faces continuous repertoire restriction and concomitant accumulation of primed cells. Changes shaping the aging immune system have bitter consequences because, as inflammatory responses gain intensity and duration, tissue-damaging immunity and inflammatory disease arise. During inflammation, the glycolytic flux cannot cope with increasing ATP demands, limiting the immune response's extent. In diabetes, higher glucose availability stretches the glycolytic limit, dysregulating proteostasis and increasing T-cell expansion. Long-term hyperglycemia exerts an accumulating effect, leading to higher inflammatory cytokine levels and increased cytotoxic mediator secretion upon infection, a phenomenon known as diabetic chronic inflammation. Here we review the etiology of diabetic chronic inflammation and its consequences on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moura
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Madureira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Immunethep, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - E C Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Fonseca
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
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24
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Petitdemange C, Kasturi SP, Kozlowski PA, Nabi R, Quarnstrom CF, Reddy PBJ, Derdeyn CA, Spicer LM, Patel P, Legere T, Kovalenkov YO, Labranche CC, Villinger F, Tomai M, Vasilakos J, Haynes B, Kang CY, Gibbs JS, Yewdell JW, Barouch D, Wrammert J, Montefiori D, Hunter E, Amara RR, Masopust D, Pulendran B. Vaccine induction of antibodies and tissue-resident CD8+ T cells enhances protection against mucosal SHIV-infection in young macaques. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126047. [PMID: 30830870 PMCID: PMC6478416 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and cytotoxic T cells represent 2 arms of host defense against pathogens. We hypothesized that vaccines that induce both high-magnitude CD8+ T cell responses and antibody responses might confer enhanced protection against HIV. To test this hypothesis, we immunized 3 groups of nonhuman primates: (a) Group 1, which includes sequential immunization regimen involving heterologous viral vectors (HVVs) comprising vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, and adenovirus serotype 5-expressing SIVmac239 Gag; (b) Group 2, which includes immunization with a clade C HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp140 protein adjuvanted with nanoparticles containing a TLR7/8 agonist (3M-052); and (c) Group 3, which includes a combination of both regimens. Immunization with HVVs induced very high-magnitude Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses in blood and tissue-resident CD8+ memory T cells in vaginal mucosa. Immunization with 3M-052 adjuvanted Env protein induced robust and persistent antibody responses and long-lasting innate responses. Despite similar antibody titers in Groups 2 and 3, there was enhanced protection in the younger animals in Group 3, against intravaginal infection with a heterologous SHIV strain. This protection correlated with the magnitude of the serum and vaginal Env-specific antibody titers on the day of challenge. Thus, vaccination strategies that induce both CD8+ T cell and antibody responses can confer enhanced protection against infection.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- HIV Infections/blood
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/prevention & control
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/immunology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/administration & dosage
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Macaca mulatta
- Mucous Membrane/immunology
- Mucous Membrane/virology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Stearic Acids/administration & dosage
- Stearic Acids/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vagina/immunology
- Vagina/virology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/administration & dosage
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Petitdemange
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rafiq Nabi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Clare F. Quarnstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, and Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Lori M. Spicer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, and Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Parin Patel
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Traci Legere
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Celia C. Labranche
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - François Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Barton Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - C. Yong Kang
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S. Gibbs
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Hunter
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rama R. Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Departments of Pathology, and Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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An S, Wang X, Ruck MA, Rodriguez HJ, Kostyushev DS, Varga M, Luu E, Derakhshandeh R, Suchkov SV, Kogan SC, Hermiston ML, Springer ML. Age-Related Impaired Efficacy of Bone Marrow Cell Therapy for Myocardial Infarction Reflects a Decrease in B Lymphocytes. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1685-1693. [PMID: 29914756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) with bone marrow cells (BMCs) improves post-MI cardiac function in rodents. However, clinical trials of BMC therapy have been less effective. While most rodent experiments use young healthy donors, patients undergoing autologous cell therapy are older and post-MI. We previously demonstrated that BMCs from aged and post-MI donor mice are therapeutically impaired, and that donor MI induces inflammatory changes in BMC composition including reduced levels of B lymphocytes. Here, we hypothesized that B cell alterations in bone marrow account for the reduced therapeutic potential of post-MI and aged donor BMCs. Injection of BMCs from increasingly aged donor mice resulted in progressively poorer cardiac function and larger infarct size. Flow cytometry revealed fewer B cells in aged donor bone marrow. Therapeutic efficacy of young healthy donor BMCs was reduced by depletion of B cells. Implantation of intact or lysed B cells improved cardiac function, whereas intact or lysed T cells provided only minor benefit. We conclude that B cells play an important paracrine role in effective BMC therapy for MI. Reduction of bone marrow B cells because of age or MI may partially explain why clinical autologous cell therapy has not matched the success of rodent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao An
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melissa A Ruck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hilda J Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dmitry S Kostyushev
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Monika Varga
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emmy Luu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ronak Derakhshandeh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sergey V Suchkov
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department for Translational Medicine, Moscow Engineering Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Scott C Kogan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michelle L Hermiston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew L Springer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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26
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Gubbels Bupp MR, Potluri T, Fink AL, Klein SL. The Confluence of Sex Hormones and Aging on Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1269. [PMID: 29915601 PMCID: PMC5994698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune systems of post-pubescent males and females differ significantly with profound consequences to health and disease. In many cases, sex-specific differences in the immune responses of young adults are also apparent in aged men and women. Moreover, as in young adults, aged women develop several late-adult onset autoimmune conditions more frequently than do men, while aged men continue to develop many cancers to a greater extent than aged women. However, sex differences in the immune systems of aged individuals have not been extensively investigated and data addressing the effectiveness of vaccinations and immunotherapies in aged men and women are scarce. In this review, we evaluate age- and sex hormone-related changes to innate and adaptive immunity, with consideration about how this impacts age- and sex-associated changes in the incidence and pathogenesis of autoimmunity and cancer as well as the efficacy of vaccination and cancer immunotherapy. We conclude that future preclinical and clinical studies should consider age and sex to better understand the ways in which these characteristics intersect with immune function and the resulting consequences for autoimmunity, cancer, and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanvi Potluri
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ashley L Fink
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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27
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Intrathecal expression of IL-5 and humoral response in patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:896-911. [PMID: 29602685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to assess the role of an early specific humoral response in human infection with a tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and the role of IL-5 as its potential mediator and marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS The retrospective study involved a cohort of 199 patients diagnosed with TBE, in whom anti-TBEV IgM and IgG antibody titers were analyzed on admission and compared with clinical presentation and basic laboratory parameters. The prospective study included 50 TBE patients in whom IL-5 serum and CSF concentration was measured with ELISA on admission in the TBE neurologic phase and in selected patients before discharge, at follow-up or in samples obtained before the neurologic phase onset. RESULTS The serum anti-TBEV IgM correlated with good clinical outcome and the CSF anti-TBEV IgM with more pronounced CSF inflammation on admission, but also with its more complete resolution on follow-up. The serum anti-TBEV IgG correlated with milder presentation and better outcome. Concentration of IL-5 was increased in CSF but not in the serum of TBE patients. IL-5 concentration index on admission favored its intrathecal synthesis. IL-5 did not correlate significantly with clinical presentation and specific IgM and IgG titers. CONCLUSIONS Specific anti-TBEV IgM systemic and intrathecal response and IgG systemic response are protective, together favoring milder presentation, better outcome and resolution of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. IL-5 is expressed intrathecally in TBE, but its pathogenetic role remains unclear.
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Ebersole JL, Graves CL, Gonzalez OA, Dawson D, Morford LA, Huja PE, Hartsfield JK, Huja SS, Pandruvada S, Wallet SM. Aging, inflammation, immunity and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2018; 72:54-75. [PMID: 27501491 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease have long been associated with aging, such that this oral condition affects the majority of the adult population over 50 years of age. Although the immune system is a critical component for maintaining health, aging can be characterized by quantitative and qualitative modifications of the immune system. This process, termed 'immunosenescence', is a progressive modification of the immune system that leads to greater susceptibility to infections, neoplasia and autoimmunity, presumably reflecting the prolonged antigenic stimulation and/or stress responses that occur across the lifespan. Interestingly, the global reduction in the host capability to respond effectively to these challenges is coupled with a progressive increase in the general proinflammatory status, termed 'inflammaging'. Consistent with the definition of immunosenescence, it has been suggested that the cumulative effect of prolonged exposure of the periodontium to microbial challenge is, at least in part, a contributor to the effects of aging on these tissues. Thus, it has also been hypothesized that alterations in the function of resident immune and nonimmune cells of the periodontium contribute to the expression of inflammaging in periodontal disease. Although the majority of aging research has focused on the adaptive immune response, it is becoming increasingly clear that the innate immune compartment is also highly affected by aging. Thus, the phenomenon of immunosenescence and inflammaging, expressed as age-associated changes within the periodontium, needs to be more fully understood in this era of precision and personalized medicine and dentistry.
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29
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Fighting against a protean enemy: immunosenescence, vaccines, and healthy aging. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2017; 4:1. [PMID: 29285399 PMCID: PMC5740164 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive increase of the aged population worldwide mandates new strategies to ensure sustained health and well-being with age. The development of better and/or new vaccines against pathogens that affect older adults is one pivotal intervention in approaching this goal. However, the functional decline of various physiological systems, including the immune system, requires novel approaches to counteract immunosenescence. Although important progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the age-related decline of the immune response to infections and vaccinations, knowledge gaps remain, both in the areas of basic and translational research. In particular, it will be important to better understand how environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, co-morbidities, and pharmacological treatments, delay or contribute to the decline of the capability of the aging immune system to appropriately respond to infectious diseases and vaccination. Recent findings suggest that successful approaches specifically targeted to the older population can be developed, such as the high-dose and adjuvanted vaccines against seasonal influenza, the adjuvanted subunit vaccine against herpes zoster, as well as experimental interventions with immune-potentiators or immunostimulants. Learning from these first successes may pave the way to developing novel and improved vaccines for the older adults and immunocompromised. With an integrated, holistic vaccination strategy, society will offer the opportunity for an improved quality of life to the segment of the population that is going to increase most significantly in numbers and proportion over future decades.
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Ventura MT, Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Buquicchio R. Immunosenescence in aging: between immune cells depletion and cytokines up-regulation. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:21. [PMID: 29259496 PMCID: PMC5731094 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunosenescence is a relatively recent chapter, correlated with the linear extension of the average life began in the nineteenth century and still in progress. The most important feature of immunosenescence is the accumulation in the “immunological space” of memory and effector cells as a result of the stimulation caused by repeated clinical and subclinical infections and by continuous exposure to antigens (inhalant allergens, food, etc.). This state of chronic inflammation that characterizes senescence has a significant impact on survival and fragility. In fact, the condition of frail elderly occurs less frequently in situations characterized by poor contact with viral infections and parasitic diseases. Furthermore the immunosenescence is characterized by a particular “remodelling” of the immune system, induced by oxidative stress. Apoptosis plays a central role in old age, a period in which the ability of apoptosis can change. The remodelling of apoptosis, together with the Inflammaging and the up-regulation of the immune response with the consequent secretion of pro-inflammatory lymphokines represents the major determinant of the rate of aging and longevity, as well as of the most common diseases related with age and with tumors. Other changes occur in the innate immunity, the first line of defence providing rapid, but unspecific and incomplete protection, consisting mostly of monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, acting up to the establishment of a adaptive immune response, which is slower, but highly specific, which cellular substrate consists of T and B lymphocytes. The markers of “Inflammaging” in adaptive immunity in centenarians are characterized by a decrease in T cells “naive.” The reduction of CD8 virgins may be related to the risk of morbidity and death, as well as the combination of the increase of CD8+ cells and reduction of CD4+ T cells and the reduction of CD19+ B cells. The immune function of the elderly is weakened to due to the exhaustion of T cell-virgin (CD95−), which are replaced with the clonal expansion of CD28-T cells. Conclusions The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines is associated with dementia, Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes type 2, sarcopenia and a high risk of morbidity and mortality. A correct modulation of immune responses and apoptotic phenomena can be useful to reduce age-related degenerative diseases, as well as inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ventura
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare no 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Buquicchio
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Italy
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Ridolo E, Rogkakou A, Ventura MT, Martignago I, Incorvaia C, Di Lorenzo G, Passalacqua G. How to fit allergen immunotherapy in the elderly. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:17. [PMID: 29785175 PMCID: PMC5951166 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis are very common in young people, but in the latest decades it was increasingly recognized that also individuals of higher ages, including the population over 65 years, are concerned. Actually, it is now acknowledged the aging does not considerably alter the immune response to allergens. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment that works on the causes of allergy, but elderly people are commonly excluded from AIT, except the cases of insect sting allergy. A number of recent studies showed that aged individuals also successfully respond to AIT for respiratory allergy. Therefore, there is no reason to exclude elder patients from AIT. Anyhow, clinical conditions that are considered absolute or relative contraindications are quite frequent in this aged population, thus the risk/benefit ratio must be carefully evaluated for each patient, taking into account that the more frequent occurrence of co-morbidities and the consequent need of daily-based multidrug regimen can favor adverse effects. An important issue concern the ability of AIT, and particularly of sublingual immunotherapy, to significantly improve the quality of life, that often is particularly impaired in the elderly, reducing symptoms and drugs consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Ridolo
- 1Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anti Rogkakou
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Irene Martignago
- 1Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Di Lorenzo
- 5Dipartimento BioMedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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Stromsland K, Zimmerman LM. Relationships between parasitic infection and natural antibodies, age, and sex in a long-lived vertebrate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2017; 327:407-412. [PMID: 29356439 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reptilian immune systems are believed to rely more heavily on the innate response than the adaptive response. Past research on reptilian immune systems has indicated that natural antibodies (NAbs) play an important role in fighting antigens as the first responder and initiating the innate immune response. However, there is a gap in research on NAbs in reptiles as there is little data on how they may influence parasite prevalence in reptiles. Furthermore, no studies have examined NAbs at mucosal sites, which represent an important point of entry for parasites. We investigated NAbs in male and female red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) in order to begin to fill this gap in our understanding. Plasma and mucosal samples were collected from T. scripta to determine total immunoglobulin levels in relation to intestinal parasite load, which was determined from fecal samples. We also determined antibody levels to various antigens to examine if NAbs are present in mucosal samples and how levels compare to plasma NAbs. In female turtles, parasite intensity decreased with increasing host age and mucosal antibody levels. We also found that the levels of antibodies that bind to a novel antigen and an antigen they are likely to have encountered were significantly related in both plasma and mucosal samples, indicating a NAb response. This study contributes to our understanding of how reptiles may rely on a broad innate response that allows them to resist potential pathogens while potentially avoiding some negative consequences of immunosenescence.
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Bulati M, Caruso C, Colonna-Romano G. From lymphopoiesis to plasma cells differentiation, the age-related modifications of B cell compartment are influenced by "inflamm-ageing". Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:125-136. [PMID: 28396185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process characterized by a general decline in physiological functions with increasing morbidity and mortality. The most important aspect of ageing is the chronic inflammatory status, named "inflamm-ageing", strictly associated with the deterioration of the immune function, termed "immunosenescence". Both are causes of increased susceptibility of elderly to infectious diseases, cancer, dementia, cardiovascular diseases and autoimmunity, and of a decreased response to vaccination. It has been widely demonstrated that ageing has a strong impact on the remodelling of the B cell branch of immune system. The first evident effect is the significant decrease in circulating B cells, primarily due to the reduction of new B cell coming from bone marrow (BM) progenitors, as inflammation directly impacts on B lymphopoiesis. Besides, in aged individuals, there is a shift from naïve to memory immunoglobulins production, accompanied by the impaired ability to produce high affinity protective antibodies against newly encountered antigens. This is accompanied by the increase of expanded clones of B cells, which correlates with poor health status. Age-related modifications also occur in naïve/memory B cells subsets. Indeed, in the elderly, there is a reduction of naïve B cells, accompanied by the expansion of memory B cells that show a senescence-associated phenotype. Finally, elderly show the impaired ability of memory B cells to differentiate into plasma cells. It can be concluded that inflammation is the leading cause of the age-related impairment of B cell compartment, which play certainly a key role in the development of age-related diseases. This makes study of B cells in the aged an important tool for monitoring immunosenescence, chronic inflammatory disorders and the effectiveness of vaccines or pharmacological therapies.
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Riley RL, Khomtchouk K, Blomberg BB. Age-associated B cells (ABC) inhibit B lymphopoiesis and alter antibody repertoires in old age. Cell Immunol 2017; 321:61-67. [PMID: 28535870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With old age (∼2y old), mice show substantial differences in B cell composition within the lymphoid tissues. In particular, a novel subset of IgM+ CD21/35lo/- CD23- mature B cells, the age-associated B cells or ABC, increases numerically and proportionately. This occurs at the expense of other B cell subsets, including B2 follicular B cells in spleen and recirculating primary B cells in bone marrow. Our studies suggest that ABC have a distinctive antibody repertoire, as evidenced by relatively high reactivity to the self-antigens phosphorylcholine (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). While PC and MDA are found on apoptotic cells and oxidized lipoproteins, antibodies to these antigens are also cross-reactive with epitopes on bacterial species. In old mice, ABC express TNFα and are pro-inflammatory. ABC can inhibit growth and/or survival in pro-B cells as well as common lymphoid progenitors (CLP). In particular, ABC cause apoptosis in pro-B cells with relatively high levels of the surrogate light chain (SLC) and, consequently, promote an "SLC low" pathway of B cell differentiation in old mice. SLC together with μ heavy chain comprises the pre-B cell receptor (preBCR) critical for pre-B cell expansion and selection of the μ heavy chain Vh repertoire. The low level of SLC likely impairs normal preBCR driven proliferation and alters μ heavy chain Vh selection thereby affecting the antibody specificities of new B cells. In this manner, ABC may contribute to both qualitative and quantitative disruptions of normal B lymphopoiesis in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Riley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Kelly Khomtchouk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Pae M, Wu D. Nutritional modulation of age-related changes in the immune system and risk of infection. Nutr Res 2017; 41:14-35. [PMID: 28577789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The immune system undergoes some adverse alterations during aging, many of which have been implicated in the increased morbidity and mortality associated with infection in the elderly. In addition to intrinsic changes to the immune system with aging, the elderly are more likely to have poor nutritional status, which further impacts the already impaired immune function. Although the elderly often have low zinc serum levels, several manifestations commonly observed during zinc deficiency are similar to the changes in immune function with aging. In the case of vitamin E, although its deficiency is rare, the intake above recommended levels is shown to enhance immune functions in the elderly and to reduce the risk of acquiring upper respiratory infections in nursing home residents. Vitamin D is a critical vitamin in bone metabolism, and its deficiency is far more common, which has been linked to increased risk of infection as demonstrated in a number of observational studies including those in the elderly. In this review, we focus on zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin D, the 3 nutrients which are relatively well documented for their roles in impacting immune function and infection in the elderly, to discuss the findings in this context reported in both the observational studies and interventional clinical trials. A perspective will be provided based on the analysis of information under review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Ventura MT, Scichilone N, Paganelli R, Minciullo PL, Patella V, Bonini M, Passalacqua G, Lombardi C, Simioni L, Ridolo E, Del Giacco SR, Gangemi S, Canonica GW. Allergic diseases in the elderly: biological characteristics and main immunological and non-immunological mechanisms. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:2. [PMID: 28174512 PMCID: PMC5290673 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy and the number of elderly people are progressively increasing around the world. Together with other pathologies, allergic diseases also show an increasing incidence in geriatric age. This is partly due to the growing emphasis on a more accurate and careful diagnosis of the molecular mechanisms that do not allow to ignore the real pathogenesis of many symptoms until now unknown, and partly to the fact that the allergic people from 20 years ago represent the elderly population now. Moreover, environmental pollution predisposes to the onset of allergic asthma and dermatitis which are the result of internal pathologies more than the expression of allergic manifestations. At the same time the food contamination permits the onset of allergic diseases related to food allergy. In this review we provide the state of the art on the physiological changes in the elderly responsible for allergic diseases, their biological characteristics and the major immunological and extra immunological mechanisms. Much emphasis is given to the management of several diseases in the elderly, including anaphylactic reactions. Moreover, some new features are discussed, such as management of asthma with the support of physical activity and the use of the AIT as prevention of respiratory diseases and for the purpose of a real and long lasting benefit. The mechanisms of adverse reactions to drugs are also discussed, due to their frequency in this age, especially in polytherapy regimens. Study of the modifications of the immune system is also of great importance, as regards to the distribution of the lymphocytes and also the presence of a chronic inflammatory disease related to the production of cytokines, especially in prevision of all the possible therapies to be adopted to allow an active and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ventura
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Paganelli
- Laboratory of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University of G. d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- Division and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patella
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Battipaglia Hospital, Battipaglia, Salerno, Italy
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonini
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London & Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS San Martino-IST-University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Lombardi
- Departmental Unit of AllergologyClinical Immunology & Pneumology, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Livio Simioni
- Department of Medicine, Allergy Service, ULSS 2 Feltre, Belluno, Italy
| | - Erminia Ridolo
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Division and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Claes N, Fraussen J, Vanheusden M, Hellings N, Stinissen P, Van Wijmeersch B, Hupperts R, Somers V. Age-Associated B Cells with Proinflammatory Characteristics Are Expanded in a Proportion of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4576-4583. [PMID: 27837111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune aging occurs in the elderly and in autoimmune diseases. Recently, IgD-CD27- (double negative, DN) and CD21-CD11c+ (CD21low) B cells were described as age-associated B cells with proinflammatory characteristics. This study investigated the prevalence and functional characteristics of DN and CD21low B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated a higher proportion of MS patients younger than 60 y with peripheral expansions of DN (8/41) and CD21low (9/41) B cells compared with age-matched healthy donors (1/33 and 2/33, respectively), which indicates an increase in age-associated B cells in MS patients. The majority of DN B cells had an IgG+ memory phenotype, whereas CD21low B cells consisted of a mixed population of CD27- naive, CD27+ memory, IgG+, and IgM+ cells. DN B cells showed similar (MS patients) or increased (healthy donors) MHC-II expression as class-switched memory B cells and intermediate costimulatory molecule expression between naive and class-switched memory B cells, indicating their potential to induce (proinflammatory) T cell responses. Further, DN B cells produced proinflammatory and cytotoxic cytokines following ex vivo stimulation. Increased frequencies of DN and CD21low B cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients compared with paired peripheral blood. In conclusion, a proportion of MS patients showed increased peripheral expansions of age-associated B cells. DN and CD21low B cell frequencies were further increased in MS cerebrospinal fluid. These cells could contribute to inflammation by induction of T cell responses and the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Claes
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Judith Fraussen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marjan Vanheusden
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Wijmeersch
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Rehabilitation and MS-Center, B-3900 Overpelt, Belgium
| | - Raymond Hupperts
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; and.,Department of Neurology, Academic MS Center Limburg, Zuyderland Medical Center, 6162 BG Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and School of Life Sciences, Transnational University Limburg, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
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Kannan S, Kurupati RK, Doyle SA, Freeman GJ, Schmader KE, Ertl HCJ. BTLA expression declines on B cells of the aged and is associated with low responsiveness to the trivalent influenza vaccine. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19445-55. [PMID: 26277622 PMCID: PMC4637297 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibody and B cell responses to influenza A viruses were measured in 35 aged and 28 middle-aged individuals following vaccination with the 2012 and 2013 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines. Antibody responses to the vaccine strains were lower in the aged. An analysis of B cell subsets by flow cytometry with stains for immunoregulators showed that B cells of multiple subsets from the aged as compared to younger human subjects showed differences in the expression of the co-inhibitor B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). Expression of BTLA inversely correlated with age and appears to be linked to shifting the nature of the response from IgM to IgG. High BTLA expression on mature B cells was linked to higher IgG responses to the H1N1 virus. Finally, high BTLA expression on isotype switched memory B cells was linked to better preservation of virus neutralizing antibody titers and improved recall responses to vaccination given the following year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kannan
- Biomedical Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Susan A Doyle
- GRECC, Durham VA Medical Center and Center for the Study of Aging and Human, Development and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth E Schmader
- GRECC, Durham VA Medical Center and Center for the Study of Aging and Human, Development and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Zuo L, Pannell BK, Liu Z. Characterization and redox mechanism of asthma in the elderly. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25010-21. [PMID: 26843624 PMCID: PMC5041886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by reversible airflow limitation, coughing, bronchial constriction, and an inflammatory immune response. While asthma has frequently been categorized as emerging in childhood, evidence has begun to reveal that the elderly population is certainly susceptible to late-onset, or even long-standing asthma. Non-atopic asthma, most commonly found in elderly patients is associated with elevated levels of serum and sputum neutrophils and may be more detrimental than atopic asthma. The mortality of asthma is high in the elderly since these patients often possess more severe symptoms than younger populations. The redox mechanisms that mediate inflammatory reactions during asthma have not been thoroughly interpreted in the context of aging. Thus, we review the asthmatic symptoms related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in seniors. Moreover, immune status in the elderly is weakened in part by immunosenescence, which is broadly defined as the decline in functionality of the immune system that corresponds with increasing age. The effects of immunosenescence on the expression of biomarkers potentially utilized in the clinical diagnosis of asthma remain unclear. It has also been shown that existing asthma treatments are less effective in the elderly. Thus, it is necessary that clinicians approach the diagnosis and treatment of asthmatic senior patients using innovative methods. Asthma in the elderly demands more intentional diagnostic and therapeutic research since it is potentially one of the few causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly that is largely reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin K. Pannell
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zewen Liu
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Ezhou Central Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Medical School, Hubei, China
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Khurana S. The effects of proliferation and DNA damage on hematopoietic stem cell function determine aging. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:739-50. [PMID: 26813236 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In most of the mammalian tissues, homeostasis as well as injury repair depend upon a small number of resident adult stem cells. The decline in tissue/organ function in aged organisms has been directly linked with poorly functioning stem cells. Altered function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is at the center of an aging hematopoietic system, a tissue with high cellular turnover. Poorly engrafting, myeloid-biased HSCs with higher levels of DNA damage accumulation are the hallmark features of an aged hematopoietic system. These cells show a higher proliferation rate than their younger counterparts. It was proposed that quiescence of these cells over long period of time leads to accumulation of DNA damage, eventually resulting in poor function/pathological conditions in hematopoietic system. However, various mouse models with premature aging phenotype also show highly proliferative HSCs. This review examines the evidence that links proliferation of HSCs with aging, which leads to functional changes in the hematopoietic system. Developmental Dynamics 245:739-750, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Khurana
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 695016
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41
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Cruvinel WDM, Mesquita Júnior D, Araújo JAP, Samazi KC, Kállas EG, Cendoroglo MS, Andrade LEC. Abnormal phenotypic distribution of regulatory and effector T cells in octogenarian and nonagenarian women. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 61:329-35. [PMID: 26466214 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.04.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION aging is associated with several immunologic changes. Regulatory (Treg) and effector T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of infectious, neoplastic, and autoimmune diseases. Little is known about the effects of aging on the frequency and function of these T cell subpopulations. METHODS peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 26 young (under 44 years old) and 18 elderly (above 80 years old) healthy women. T cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS elderly individuals had lower frequency of several activated effector T cell phenotypes as compared with young individuals: CD3+CD4+CD25+ (3.82±1.93 versus 9.53±4.49; p<0.0001); CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127+(2.39±1.19 versus 7.26±3.84; p<0.0001); CD3+CD4+CD25+ (0.41±0.22 versus 1.86±0.85, p<0.0001); and CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127+(0.06±0.038 versus 0.94±0.64, p<0.0001). Treg (CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127øFoxp3+) presented lower frequency in elderly individuals as compared to young adults (0.34±0.18 versus 0.76±0.48; p=0.0004) and its frequency was inversely correlated with age in the whole group (r=-0.439; p=0.013). The elderly group showed higher frequency of two undefined CD25øFoxp3+ phenotypes: CD3+CD4+CD25øFoxp3+(15.05±7.34 versus 1.65±1.71; p<0.0001) and CD3+CD4+CD25øCD127øFoxp3+(13.0±5.52 versus 3.51±2.87; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS the altered proportion of different T cell subsets herein documented in healthy elderly women may be relevant to the understanding of the immunologic behavior and disease susceptibility patterns observed in geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson de Melo Cruvinel
- School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiás, GO, BR
| | | | | | - Karina Carvalho Samazi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Esper Georges Kállas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
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Reyes-Silveyra J, Mikler AR. Modeling immune response and its effect on infectious disease outbreak dynamics. Theor Biol Med Model 2016; 13:10. [PMID: 26944943 PMCID: PMC4779228 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-016-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent epidemiological models, immunity is incorporated as a simplified value that determines the capacity of an individual to become infected or to transmit the disease. Moreover, the quality of the immune response determines the chances of infection and the length of time an individual is capable to infect others. We present a model that incorporates individuals' immune responses to, further, examine the role of the collective immune response of individuals in a population during an infectious outbreak. METHODS We constructed a contagion model that incorporates the collective immune response of individuals represented by the superposition of individual immune responses (PIR). Multiple probability distributions are used to represent the immunocompetence of different age groups, thereby modeling the concept of Population Immune Response (PIR). Multiple experiments were conducted in which the population is divided in different age groups for which each group has a unique immune response quality and thus a different length for its immune periods. Finally, we explored the effects of implementing different vaccination strategies in the population. RESULTS The experiments displayed important variations in the outbreak dynamics as a consequence of incorporating PIR in homogeneous and mixed populations. The experiments showed that individuals with weak immune responses and those who are immune to the pathogen play a significant role in shaping the outbreak dynamics. Finally, after implementing different vaccination strategies, the results suggest that if vaccination resources are limited, the vaccination should be targeted towards individuals that spread the disease for a longer period of time. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that it is essential for the public health establishment to increase their understanding of the characteristics of regional demographics that could impact the quality of the immune response of the individuals. The results indicate that it is necessary to further investigate mitigation strategies to limit the capacity to transmit the disease by individuals that spread the pathogen for extended periods of time. Ultimately, this study suggests that it is crucial for public health researchers to identify appropriate targeted vaccination regimes and to explore the link between PIR and outbreak dynamics to improve the monitoring and mitigating efforts of ongoing and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-Silveyra
- Center for Computational Epidemiology and Response Analysis, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 311277, Denton, 76203, TX, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Pacific Lutheran University, 1010 S 122nd St, Tacoma, 98447, WA, USA.
| | - Armin R Mikler
- Center for Computational Epidemiology and Response Analysis, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 311277, Denton, 76203, TX, USA.
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De Leonibus C, Chatelain P, Knight C, Clayton P, Stevens A. Effect of summer daylight exposure and genetic background on growth in growth hormone-deficient children. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:540-550. [PMID: 26503811 PMCID: PMC5223086 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The response to growth hormone in humans is dependent on phenotypic, genetic and environmental factors. The present study in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) collected worldwide characterised gene–environment interactions on growth response to recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH). Growth responses in children are linked to latitude, and we found that a correlate of latitude, summer daylight exposure (SDE), was a key environmental factor related to growth response to r-hGH. In turn growth response was determined by an interaction between both SDE and genes known to affect growth response to r-hGH. In addition, analysis of associated networks of gene expression implicated a role for circadian clock pathways and specifically the developmental transcription factor NANOG. This work provides the first observation of gene–environment interactions in children treated with r-hGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Leonibus
- Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - P Chatelain
- Department Pédiatrie, Hôpital Mère-Enfant-Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - C Knight
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Clayton
- Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - A Stevens
- Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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44
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Klinger M, Banasik M. Immunological characteristics of the elderly allograft recipient. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2015; 29:219-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ventura MT, Scichilone N, Gelardi M, Patella V, Ridolo E. Management of allergic disease in the elderly: key considerations, recommendations and emerging therapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:1219-28. [PMID: 26483075 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The number of people over 65 is increasing around the world. At present, between 5 and 10% of allergic diseases affect the elderly. In particular, rhinitis is increasing worldwide; the presence of high comorbidity makes the therapy of asthma even more complicated. With reference to dermatological allergies, the dryness of the skin favors the onset of allergic contact and atopic dermatitis, while the senescence of mucous membranes and the impaired secretion of polymeric IgA could be linked to food allergy. Overcoming the problem of adverse drug reaction is limited by the diagnostic difficulty in patients taking multiple drugs. In addition, some drugs, such as β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors and NSAIDs, are relevant factors of urticaria and anaphylaxis. The aim of this review is to provide updated diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines through a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms, preventive measures and adherence to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ventura
- a 1 Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology , Policlinico, piazza G. Cesare n 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Scichilone
- b 2 Department of Medicine, University of Palermo , via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Gelardi
- c 3 Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organ, University of Bari , Piazza G. Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patella
- d 4 Post Doctoral Program in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Federico II University via s Pansini , m.5,80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Erminia Ridolo
- e 5 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma , via Gramsci 14, 43120 Parma, Italy
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Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc homeostasis and immunosenescence. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:24-30. [PMID: 25022332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
For more than 50 years, zinc is known to be an essential trace element, having a regulatory role in the immune system. Deficiency in zinc thus compromises proper immune function, like it is observed in the elderly population. Here mild zinc deficiency is a common condition, documented by a decline of serum or plasma zinc levels with age. This leads to a dysregulation mainly in the adaptive immunity that can result in an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, known as a status called inflamm-aging. T cell activation as well as polarization of T helper (Th) cells into their different subpopulations (Th1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T cells (Treg)) is highly influenced by zinc homeostasis. In the elderly a shift of the Th cell balance towards Th2 response is observed, a non-specific pre-activation of T cells is displayed, as well as a decreased response to vaccination is seen. Moreover, an impaired function of innate immune cells indicate a predominance of zinc deficiency in the elderly that may contribute to immunosenescence. This review summarizes current findings about zinc deficiency and supplementation in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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47
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Van Epps P, Matining RM, Tassiopoulos K, Anthony DD, Landay A, Kalayjian RC, Canaday DH. Older age is associated with peripheral blood expansion of naïve B cells in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107064. [PMID: 25207968 PMCID: PMC4160206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Older HIV infected subjects were previously found to have significant B cell expansion during initial antiretroviral therapy in a prospective age-differentiated cohort of older and younger (≥45 vs. ≤30 years) HIV-infected subjects initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) through the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Here to further describe this expansion, using a subset of subjects from the same cohort, we characterized B cell phenotypes at baseline and after 192 weeks of ART in both older and younger HIV-infected groups and compared them to uninfected age-matched controls. We also examined whether phenotypes at baseline associated with response to tetanus and hepatitis A vaccine at 12 weeks. Forty six subjects were analyzed in the HIV infected group (21 older, 25 younger) and 30 in the control group (15 per age group). We observed naïve B cells to normalize in younger subjects after 192 weeks of ART, while in older subjects naïve B cells increased to greater levels than those of controls (p = 0.045). Absolute resting memory (RM) cell count was significantly lower in the older HIV infected group at baseline compared to controls and numbers normalized after 192 weeks of ART (p<0.001). Baseline RM cell count positively correlated with week 12 increase in antibody to tetanus vaccine among both younger and older HIV-infected subjects combined (p = 0.01), but not in controls. The age-associated naïve B cell expansion is a novel finding and we discuss several possible explanations for this observation. Relationship between RM cells at baseline and tetanus responses may lead to insights about the effects of HIV infection on B cell memory function and vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Van Epps
- Geriatric Research Center Clinical Core (GRECC), Department of Infectious Diseases, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Roy M. Matining
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Donald D. Anthony
- Geriatric Research Center Clinical Core (GRECC), Department of Infectious Diseases, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alan Landay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Kalayjian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Metrohealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, and Geriatric Research Center Clinical Core (GRECC), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David H. Canaday
- Geriatric Research Center Clinical Core (GRECC), Department of Infectious Diseases, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Stevens A, Bonshek C, Whatmore A, Butcher I, Hanson D, De Leonibus C, Shaikh G, Brown M, O'Shea E, Victor S, Powell P, Settle P, Padmakumar B, Tan A, Odeka E, Cooper C, Birch J, Shenoy A, Westwood M, Patel L, Dunn BW, Clayton P. Insights into the pathophysiology of catch-up compared with non-catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age: an integrated analysis of metabolic and transcriptomic data. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 14:376-84. [PMID: 24614687 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small for gestational age (SGA) children exhibiting catch-up (CU) growth have a greater risk of cardiometabolic diseases in later life compared with non-catch-up (NCU) SGA children. The aim of this study was to establish differences in metabolism and gene expression profiles between CU and NCU at age 4-9 years. CU children (n=22) had greater height, weight and body mass index standard deviation scores along with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and fasting glucose levels but lower adiponectin values than NCU children (n=11; all P<0.05). Metabolic profiling demonstrated a fourfold decrease of urine myo-inositol in CU compared with NCU (P<0.05). There were 1558 genes differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between the groups (P<0.05). Integrated analysis of data identified myo-inositol related to gene clusters associated with an increase in insulin, growth factor and IGF-I signalling in CU children (P<0.05). Metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in CU SGA children showed changes that may relate to cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stevens
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Bonshek
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Whatmore
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I Butcher
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D Hanson
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C De Leonibus
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Shaikh
- Yorkhill Children's Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Brown
- 1] Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - E O'Shea
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Victor
- St Mary's Hospital, CMFT, Manchester, UK
| | - P Powell
- Royal Bolton Hospital, Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P Settle
- Hope Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - B Padmakumar
- North Manchester General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Crumpsall, UK
| | - A Tan
- North Manchester General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Crumpsall, UK
| | - E Odeka
- North Manchester General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Crumpsall, UK
| | - C Cooper
- Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - J Birch
- Tameside General Hospital, Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A Shenoy
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - M Westwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester and St Mary's Hospital, CMFT, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - L Patel
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - B W Dunn
- 1] Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P Clayton
- 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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CD4 T cell defects in the aged: causes, consequences and strategies to circumvent. Exp Gerontol 2014; 54:67-70. [PMID: 24440384 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging leads to reduced immunity, especially adaptive responses. A key deficiency is the poor ability to mount robust antibody response. Although intrinsic alterations in B cells with age are in part responsible, impaired CD4 T cell help makes a major contribution to the poor antibody response. Other CD4 effector responses and memory generation are also impaired. We find delayed and reduced development of CD4 T follicular help (Tfh) cells in aged mice in response to influenza infection with reduction of long-lived plasma cells. When we examine CD4 subsets we also find a shift towards Th1 and cytotoxic CD4 (ThCTL) responses. We summarize strategies to circumvent the CD4 T cell defect in aged, including adjuvants and proinflammatory cytokines. We find that we can strongly enhance responses of aged naïve CD4 T cells by using Toll-like receptor (TLR) activated dendritic cells (DC) as APC in vivo and that this leads to improved germinal center B cells and IgG antibody responses. The enhanced response of aged naïve CD4 T cells is dependent on IL-6 produced by the DC.
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50
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Vogel FR, Caillet C, Kusters IC, Haensler J. Emulsion-based adjuvants for influenza vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:483-92. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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