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Yisak H, Belete D, Mahtsentu Y. Helicobacter pylori infection and related factors among pregnant women at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: Anemia highly related with H. pylori. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:17455057221092266. [PMID: 35435065 PMCID: PMC9019399 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221092266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection with Helicobacter pylori is one of the most frequent chronic bacterial illnesses in humans. Pregnant mothers are the populations most vulnerable to H. pylori infection. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection and associated factors among pregnant mothers having antenatal care at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, 2021. METHODS AND MATERIALS Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 290 pregnant women. The stool antigen test is used to detect the active presence of the H. pylori antigen in the feces. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess potential factors responsible for H. pylori infection. Variables associated with the prevalence of H. pylori infection with (p-value < 0.05) were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 17.9%, with 95% (CI: 13.4%-22.3%). In all, 65.4% of H. pylori infection positive mothers had gastrointestinal problems and developed symptoms like abdominal cramp and diarrhea 1 (1.92%), loss of appetite 10 (19.23%), hiccups 9 (17.31%), abdominal pain which worsens when the stomach is empty 19 (36.54%), indigestion, and frequent heart burn 13 (25%) during the present pregnancy. Lesser frequency of handwashing practice AOR = 3.09, 95% CI (1.14-8.34), use of soap for handwashing AOR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.19-0.98), eating unwashed vegetables and fruits AOR = 2.279, 95% CI (1.03-5.04), and not being anemic AOR = 0.268, 95% CI (0.10- 0.71), were significantly associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the prevalence of H. pylori infection among pregnant women was low compared with that of the general population. Although in the lower prevalence, the level of anemia was strongly associated with the prevalence of H. pylori infection. This implies that H. pylori infection is a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Yisak
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Debaka Belete
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yeserk Mahtsentu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Mehata S, Parajuli KR, Pant ND, Rayamajhee B, Yadav UN, Mehta RK, Jha P, Mehta N, Dhimal M, Singh DR. Prevalence and correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection among under-five children, adolescent and non-pregnant women in Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009510. [PMID: 34153049 PMCID: PMC8263064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the Helicobacter pylori infections occur in developing countries. The risk factors for H. pylori infections are poverty, overcrowding, and unhygienic conditions, which are common problems in under-privileged countries such as Nepal. Despite having a high risk of H. pylori infections, no national level study has been conducted to assess prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection in Nepal. Therefore, we hypothesized that micronutrients such as iron, vitamin B12 deficiency, socio-economic status, and nutritional status correlate with the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Nepal. We studied prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection among under-five children, adolescents aged 10–19 years and married non-pregnant women aged 20–49 years using data from the Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016). H. pylori infection was examined in stool of 6–59 months old children and 20–49 years old non-pregnant women whereas the rapid diagnostic kit using blood sample was used among adolescent boys and girls. Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 18.2% among 6–59 months old children, 14% among adolescent boys and 16% among adolescent girls aged 10–19 years; and 40% among 20–49 years non-pregnant women. Poor socioeconomic status, crowding, and unhygienic condition were found to be positively associated with higher incidence of H. pylori infections. No significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status (iron or risk of folate deficiency) with H. pylori infection. Findings from this study suggest that poverty-associated markers are primary contributors of H. pylori infections in Nepalese communities. To control acquisition and persistence of H. pylori infection in Nepal, we suggest improved management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene programs, with a focus on those of lower socioeconomic status. Helicobacter pylori is associated with a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases and is a common problem in tropical region where inter-human contact is the primary mode of disease transmission. Poor socio-economic status is a crucial fueling factor of H. pylori infection. In this study, the authors present data from Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016) and investigated the risk factors associated with H. pylori infections among under-five years old children, 10–19 years old adolescent boys and girls, and 20–49 years non-pregnant women nationwide. Study findings corroborate that poverty-associated markers are the key driving factor of H. pylori infections in Nepal, which can have a manifold effect on nutrition and subsequent child growth retardation. Management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene practices to decrease acquisition of H. pylori infection is a pressing need in rural parts of Nepal and among marginalized communities. The findings of this study highlight the varied prevalence of H. pylori by age group, gender, place of residence, ethnic group, and ecological regions of the country. Moreover, no significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mehata
- Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | - Kedar Raj Parajuli
- Nutrition Section, Family Welfare Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of population Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Priya Jha
- Nepal Health Professional Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Neha Mehta
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Dipendra Raman Singh
- Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA Genotypes and cagA Gene in Dental Plaque of Asymptomatic Mexican Children. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4923640. [PMID: 29226140 PMCID: PMC5687131 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4923640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The variability in Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genes has been related to the progression of the gastrointestinal disease; also the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity has been associated with periodontal disease in adults, but, in children without dyspeptic symptoms, little is known about this. We evaluated the prevalence of H. pylori and the presence of vacA/cagA genotypes in the oral cavity of Mexican children without dyspeptic symptoms. The gingival status was measured, and dental plaque samples (n = 100) were taken. 38% of children were positive for H. pylori 16S rRNA gene by qPCR. A significant association between H. pylori oral infection and gingival status was observed (P < 0.001). In 34.6% (9/26) of mild gingivitis cases, s1m2 genotype was found, while s1m1 was typed in 50% (3/6) of moderate gingivitis. The cagA prevalence among H. pylori-positive children was 80.8% (21/26), 83.3% (5/6), and 16.7% (1/6) of cases of mild gingivitis, moderate gingivitis, and nongingivitis, respectively (P < 0.001). The s1m1/cagA+ combinational genotype was the most detected in children with gingivitis. Our results suggest that the prevalence of H. pylori and detection of vacA/cagA genotypes-associated gastrointestinal disease in the oral cavity could be related to the progression of gingivitis in asymptomatic children.
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Morais S, Costa AR, Ferro A, Lunet N, Peleteiro B. Contemporary migration patterns in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28098406 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid growth in the number of international migrants over the past years has occurred with most traveling to more affluent settings. As Helicobacter pylori infects over half of the adult population and its prevalence is higher in developing countries, understanding the prevalence of infection in migrants can provide insight into future trends in the burden and management of infection. We aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori among migrants through a systematic literature review. METHODS We searched PubMed® from inception to September 2015 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of H. pylori in international migrants according to country of birth for first-generation, and country of birth and parents' nationality for successive generations. Comparable data from origin and destination populations were obtained from the same studies or, when not present, from a previous systematic review on H. pylori worldwide. RESULTS A total of 28 eligible studies were identified with data for 29 origin and 12 destination countries. Two studies that evaluated refugees presented prevalences of infection higher than both the origin and destination countries. Otherwise, the prevalences among migrants were generally similar or below that of the origin and higher than the destination. Second- or more generation had lower prevalences compared to first-generation migrants. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings are consistent with what would be expected based on the prevalence of H. pylori worldwide. The results of this review show that migrants are particularly at risk of infection and help to identify gaps in the knowledge of migrants' prevalence of infection globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Ferro
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, Ciências Forenses, Educação e Simulação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, Ciências Forenses, Educação e Simulação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, Moss SF. ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:212-239. [PMID: 28071659 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 883] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common worldwide infection that is an important cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. H. pylori may also have a role in uninvestigated and functional dyspepsia, ulcer risk in patients taking low-dose aspirin or starting therapy with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, unexplained iron deficiency anemia, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. While choosing a treatment regimen for H. pylori, patients should be asked about previous antibiotic exposure and this information should be incorporated into the decision-making process. For first-line treatment, clarithromycin triple therapy should be confined to patients with no previous history of macrolide exposure who reside in areas where clarithromycin resistance amongst H. pylori isolates is known to be low. Most patients will be better served by first-line treatment with bismuth quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy consisting of a PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. When first-line therapy fails, a salvage regimen should avoid antibiotics that were previously used. If a patient received a first-line treatment containing clarithromycin, bismuth quadruple therapy or levofloxacin salvage regimens are the preferred treatment options. If a patient received first-line bismuth quadruple therapy, clarithromycin or levofloxacin-containing salvage regimens are the preferred treatment options. Details regarding the drugs, doses and durations of the recommended and suggested first-line and salvage regimens can be found in the guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Chey
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Colin W Howden
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven F Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Prospective identification of Helicobacter pylori in routine gastric biopsies without reflex ancillary stains is cost-efficient for our health care system. Hum Pathol 2016; 58:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wanyama R, Kagawa MN, Opio KC, Baingana RK. Effect of maternal Helicobacter Pylori infection on birth weight in an urban community in Uganda. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:158. [PMID: 27411834 PMCID: PMC4944424 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-0950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, a widespread infection particularly in developing countries has been associated with many adverse effects during pregnancy including hyperemesis gravidarum, neural tube defects in newborns, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and miscarriage. We sought to document the effects of H. pylori infection on birth weight in a low-income setting in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study conducted in Kampala between May 2012 and May 2013. The participants were H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative HIV negative primigravidae and secundigravidae. Recruitment was at ≤18 gestation weeks and follow up assessments were carried out at 26 and 36 gestation weeks and soon after delivery. H. pylori infection was determined using H. pylori stool antigen test. Maternal weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain were calculated. Only term and live babies were considered. Low birth weight (LBW) was defined as a birth weight of <2500 gram. RESULTS A total of 221 participants were enrolled with mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 20.9 ± 2.7 years. The mean ± SD gestation age at delivery was 39.4 ± 1.0 weeks. Primigravidae were 61.5 % (n = 188) and 52.9 % (n = 117) of the participants were positive for H. pylori infection. Low pre-pregnancy BMI (<18.5 kg/m(2)) was recorded in 14.6 % (n = 28) while 38 % (n = 73) had a height <156 cm at recruitment. Of the infants born to the participants, 13.6 % (n = 26) had low birth weight (<2500 gram). Independent predictors for LBW were the mother being positive for H. pylori infection (odds ratio, OR, 3.6, 95 % CI 1.1 - 11.5; P = 0.031) maternal height at recruitment <156 cm (OR 3.4, 95 % CI 1.4-8.2; P = 0.008) and maternal weight gain rates <0.3 kg/week during the 2(nd) and 3(rd) trimesters (OR 3.8, 95 % CI 1.0-14.1; P = 0.044). CONCLUSION H. pylori infection is associated with LBW among primigravidae and secundigravidae in Kampala, Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Wanyama
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Mike N. Kagawa
- />Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kenneth C. Opio
- />Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhona K. Baingana
- />Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, School of Biological Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Baingana RK, Kiboko Enyaru J, Davidsson L. Helicobacter pylori infection in pregnant women in four districts of Uganda: role of geographic location, education and water sources. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:915. [PMID: 25190150 PMCID: PMC4164757 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection varies in relation to geography, ethnicity and socioeconomic factors. Available data on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Uganda are not representative of the general population. We sought to describe the epidemiology of this infection in pregnant women in Uganda to provide background data for a study into the effect of H. pylori infection during pregnancy on the hematological response to iron supplementation. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, H. pylori infection was assessed by the stool antigen test among 447 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in Apac, Mbale, Mbarara and Rakai Districts which are in different geographical regions in Uganda, and at Kawempe Health Center which serves a low-income densely populated area in Kampala City. Socio-demographic and household data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. Associations between H. pylori infection and socio-demographic and household characteristics were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 45.2% but varied by geographical location from 18.2% in Apac District to 60.5% at Kawempe Health Centre. At 18.4%, the Langi ethnic group, who were enrolled exclusively in Apac District, had the lowest prevalence of H. pylori infection while the Gisu had the highest prevalence (58.4%). H. pylori was independently associated with enrollment at clinics not in Apac (adjusted OR = 5.68; 95% CI: 3.02-10.7) and with using water from public wells, boreholes or springs (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.19-8.61) and from rivers, lakes or streams (AOR = 5.20; 95% CI: 1.58-17.05). Urban residence (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.13-2.60) and no formal education (AOR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03-3.67) were also independently associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS The unexpected variation in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Uganda calls for population-based studies in the region and offers an opportunity to study the transmission dynamics of H. pylori infection. The association between H. pylori infection and surface water sources for household use suggests waterborne transmission of H. pylori infection highlighting the need for concerted efforts in environmental health in communities and at the household level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona Kezabu Baingana
- />Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Kiboko Enyaru
- />Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lena Davidsson
- />Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
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Zheng Y, Liu M, Shu H, Chen Z, Liu G, Zhang Y. Relationship between oral problems and Helicobacter pylori infection. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:938-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mubarak N, Gasim GI, Khalafalla KE, Ali NI, Adam I. Helicobacter pylori, anemia, iron deficiency and thrombocytopenia among pregnant women at Khartoum, Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014; 108:380-4. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Cardaropoli S, Rolfo A, Todros T. Helicobacter pylori and pregnancy-related disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:654-664. [PMID: 24574739 PMCID: PMC3921475 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is investigated in gastric diseases even during pregnancy. In particular, this Gram-negative bacterium seems to be associated with hyperemesis gravidarum, a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. During the last decade, the relationship among H. pylori and several extra-gastric diseases strongly emerged in literature. The correlation among H. pylori infection and pregnancy-related disorders was mainly focused on iron deficiency anemia, thrombocytopenia, fetal malformations, miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. H. pylori infection may have a role in the pathogenesis of various pregnancy-related disorders through different mechanisms: depletion of micronutrients (iron and vitamin B12) in maternal anemia and fetal neural tube defects; local or systemic induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines release and oxidative stress in gastrointestinal disorders and pre-eclampsia; cross-reaction between specific anti-H. pylori antibodies and antigens localized in placental tissue and endothelial cells (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, miscarriage). Since H. pylori infection is most likely acquired before pregnancy, it is widely believed that hormonal and immunological changes occurring during pregnancy could activate latent H. pylori with a negative impact not only on maternal health (nutritional deficiency, organ injury, death), but also on the fetus (insufficient growth, malformation, death) and sometime consequences can be observed later in life. Another important issue addressed by investigators was to determine whether it is possible to transmit H. pylori infection from mother to child and whether maternal anti-H. pylori antibodies could prevent infant’s infection. Studies on novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for H. pylori are no less important, since these are particularly sensitive topics in pregnancy conditions. It could be interesting to study the possible correlation between H. pylori infection and other pregnancy-related diseases of unknown etiology, such as gestational diabetes mellitus, obstetric cholestasis and spontaneous preterm delivery. Since H. pylori infection is treatable, the demonstration of its causative role in pregnancy-related disorders will have important social-economic implications.
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Alvarado-Esquivel C, Hernandez-Tinoco J, Sanchez-Anguiano LF, Ramos-Nevarez A, Cerrillo-Soto SM, Saenz-Soto L. High Seroprevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Inmates: A Case Control Study in a Northern Mexican City. Gastroenterology Res 2013; 6:227-232. [PMID: 27785257 PMCID: PMC5051130 DOI: 10.4021/gr583w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in inmates has not been previously studied. Therefore, we determine the seroepidemiology of H. pylori infection in inmates. Methods Through a case-control study, inmates from a state correctional facility in Durango, Mexico and subjects without incarceration of the same city were examined for the presence of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Seroprevalence association with socio-demographic, incarceration, clinical and behavioral characteristics of the inmates was also investigated. Results Antibodies to H. pylori were found in 140 (83.3%) of 168 inmates and in 101 (60.1%) of 168 controls. Seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies was significantly higher in inmates than in controls (OR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.93 - 5.71; P = 0.000002). The seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was not influenced by gender, age, or socioeconomic status of inmates. Seropositivity to H. pylori was found in 3 of 3 inmates with peptic ulcer and in 1 of 2 inmates with gastritis. The seroprevalence of H. pylori exposure was high regardless the jail section, duration (years) in incarceration and number of incarcerations. Multivariate analysis revealed that H. pylori exposure was positively associated with having tattoos (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.14 - 9.70; P = 0.02), and negatively associated with drug abuse (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11 - 0.70; P = 0.007). Conclusions Seroprevalence of H. pylori exposure in inmates is higher than those found in non-incarcerated people and other populations in the region. Results indicate that inmates may represent a new risk group for H. pylori exposure. Results warrant for further research on the potential role of incarceration and behavioral features of inmates for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juarez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | - Jesus Hernandez-Tinoco
- Institute for Scientific Research, Juarez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Agar Ramos-Nevarez
- Clinica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico
| | - Sandra Margarita Cerrillo-Soto
- Clinica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico
| | - Leandro Saenz-Soto
- Clinica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico
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Mulayim B, Celik NY, Yanık FF. Helicobacter pylori infection detected by14C-Urea breath test is associated with iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2008; 34:980-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
This review summarizes studies on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori published in peer-reviewed journals between April 2007 and March 2008. Infection with H. pylori often occurs in childhood, and once established, can persist lifelong if untreated. Prevalence of H. pylori infection is higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries, and can vary by ethnicity, place of birth, and socioeconomic factors even among persons living in the same country. Prevalence of infection is decreasing in many countries due to improvements in sanitation and living standards and the relatively recent movement of populations from rural to urban settings; however, post-treatment recurrence rates of H. pylori infection remain high in developing countries, and in given populations within developed countries. In addition, a number of recent studies have begun to explore the possible link between childhood infection with H. pylori and protection against asthma and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
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Nurgalieva Z, Goodman KJ, Phillips CV, Fischbach L, de la Rosa JM, Gold BD. Correspondence between Helicobacter pylori antibodies and urea breath test results in a US-Mexico birth cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2008; 22:302-12. [PMID: 18426526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The uncertain accuracy of methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection in young children complicates research on this infection in early life. The aim of the present report was to describe the correspondence between positive serology and positive urea breath test (UBT) in children followed from age 0 to 24 months in the Pasitos Cohort Study, conducted along the US-Mexico border at El Paso and Juarez. Children were recruited before birth during 1998-2000 and examined at target ages of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. H. pylori infection was detected using an enzyme immunoassay for serum immunoglobulin G antibodies and the (13)C-urea breath test corrected for age-dependent variation in CO(2) production. Of 472 children, 125 had one or more positive UBT results and 46 had one or more positive serology results. The prevalence of H. pylori infection at target ages of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months was 7%, 14%, 16% and 19%, respectively, by UBT and 8%, 2%, 3% and 3%, respectively, by serology. Few (<1%) of those tested on both tests were positive on both at any age. Among UBT-positive children, 6% were concurrently seropositive and 6% became seropositive later. Because UBT positivity cut points were selected to minimise false positives, these results suggest that H. pylori infection occurred frequently in this cohort, but rarely produced detectable antibodies. For clinical or epidemiological investigations, serology should not be used as the sole method for detecting H. pylori infection in children aged 2 years or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhannat Nurgalieva
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Shi R, Xu S, Zhang H, Ding Y, Sun G, Huang X, Chen X, Li X, Yan Z, Zhang G. Prevalence and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese populations. Helicobacter 2008; 13:157-65. [PMID: 18321305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is higher in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection in areas with high prevalence of gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China. METHODS A prospective epidemiologic survey of H. pylori infection was accomplished in a natural population of 1457 individuals in Xiangshui and Gaoyou counties, Jiangsu Province, China. Questionnaires and laboratory tests for H. pylori infection ((13)C-urea breath test and serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori) were used and performed, respectively. RESULT Among 1371 subjects who completed questionnaires and H. pylori detection, 851 (62%) were H. pylori positive. The prevalence reached a peak at the age of 30-40 years (67%). There was no sex difference. The annual family income level was shown to be positively correlated with the risk of H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was also associated with family size, education level, and several diet-related factors, such as the number of times cooked rice and potatoes eaten per week, and a family history of stomach diseases. Compared to nonsymptomatic individuals, people with dyspeptic symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and belching) presented a low prevalence of H. pylori infection. No association between H. pylori prevalence and smoking or drinking was found. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, annual family income and education level were the independent predictors for H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION High prevalence of H. pylori infection was found in areas with a high risk of gastric cancer and was related to several risk factors. The underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Felkner M, Suarez L, Liszka B, Brender JD, Canfield M. Neural tube defects, micronutrient deficiencies, and Helicobacter pylori: a new hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 79:617-21. [PMID: 17626260 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous findings for the Texas Neural Tube Defects Project suggested that while maternal access to nutrients is adequate, bioavailability of nutrients to the fetus is compromised in NTD-affected pregnancies. Helicobacter pylori could cause nutrient loss to the fetus. Folate, B12, and ferritin are depleted in H. pylori infection; these same deficiencies are related to NTD risk. METHODS Using H. pylori IgG ELISA Test System, we tested for H. pylori serum antibodies in participants in the population-based case-control study component of the Texas Neural Tube Defect Project conducted along the Texas-Mexico border. Case-women had pregnancies affected by NTD (anencephalus, spina bifida, encephalocele) and resided and delivered in one of the 14 Texas-Mexico border counties from 1995 through 2000. Control-women were study area residents delivering normal live births during the same period. RESULTS Of 225 case- and 378 control-women, 103 cases and 156 controls provided questionnaire and H. pylori antibody data. H. pylori seropositivity was modestly associated with NTD-affected pregnancies (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 0.8-2.4). ORs of 2.0 or greater were seen in women younger than age 25 and with less than 7 years education. CONCLUSIONS Our findings intimate that H. pylori could play a role in NTD causation in certain populations. While results did not provide compelling support for this proposal, subgroup findings prompt us to advocate an evaluation of this hypothesis in developing nations among populations with higher prevalence of H. pylori, marginal nutrient intake, and young childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Felkner
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas 78756, USA.
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Mulla ZD, Loftin RW. Regarding “Menstrual and Reproductive Risk Factors and Risk for Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Women: Findings from the Canadian National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System”. Ann Epidemiol 2007; 17:721-2. [PMID: 17553698 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Graham DY, Yamaoka Y, Malaty HM. Thoughts about populations with unexpected low prevalences of Helicobacter pylori infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101:849-51. [PMID: 17658569 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the few remaining major pathogens that accompanied humans on their travels from Africa. A recently published study reports the unexpected finding of a low H. pylori prevalence among pregnant women in Zanzibar (Farag, T.H., Stolzfus, R.J., Khalfan, S.S., Tielsch, J.M., 2007. Unexpectedly low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among pregnant women on Pemba Island, Zanzibar. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 101). The apparent epidemiology of higher prevalence with higher socioeconomic status and decrease with age are unprecedented. As with many 'unexpected' events, a search of the literature reveals evidence of low prevalence populations in Java and Malaysia, with clues dating back to the mid-twentieth century. Why some populations apparently lost H. pylori infection remains an open question. However, the tools needed to resolve the dilemma are readily available and we hope investigators will soon rise to the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Graham
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Texas 77030, USA.
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Fullerton JT, Bader J, Nelson C, Shannon R. Participation in prenatal care in the Paso del Norte border region: the influence of acculturation. J Midwifery Womens Health 2006; 51:98-105. [PMID: 16504906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Women who resided on the El Paso, Texas/Juarez, Mexico border (the Paso del Norte region) were surveyed to determine the barriers and facilitators to receiving early and adequate prenatal care. Postpartum interviews and medical chart abstractions were conducted among 493 Hispanic women. Primary facilitators were all factors that made prenatal care services more accessible to women and a priority among other issues competing for time and resources. The factors reported by these women as barriers to timely entry and sustaining enrollment in prenatal care were related to the availability of social support networks and affiliation with the Mexican/Hispanic culture (acculturation).
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Thomas AJ, Eberly LE, Neaton JD, Smith GD. Latino risk-adjusted mortality in the men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:569-78. [PMID: 16076831 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Latinos are now the largest minority in the United States, but their distinctive health needs and mortality patterns remain poorly understood. Proportional hazards regressions were used to compare Latino versus White risk- and income-adjusted mortality over 25 years' follow-up from 5,846 Latino and 300,647 White men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Men were aged 35-57 years and residing in 14 states when screened in 1973-1975. Data on coronary heart disease risk factors, self-reported race/ethnicity, and home addresses were obtained at baseline; income was estimated by linking addresses to census data. Mortality follow-up through 1999 was obtained using the National Death Index. The fully adjusted Latino/White hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 0.87), based on 1,085 Latino and 73,807 White deaths; this pattern prevailed over time and across states (thus, likely across Latino subgroups). Hazard ratios were significantly greater than one for stroke (hazard ratio = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.68), liver cancer (hazard ratio = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.37), and infection (hazard ratio = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.32). A substudy found only minor racial/ethnic differences in the quality of Social Security numbers, birth dates, soundex-adjusted names, and National Death Index searches. Results were not likely an artifact of return migration or incomplete mortality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avis J Thomas
- Coordinating Centers for Biometric Research, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is primarily acquired in early childhood. Its transmission routes are debated. The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Yemeni children under 10 years of age, the potential risk factors for contracting H. pylori infection and co-infection of H. pylori with intestinal parasites. METHODS Enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay was used to determine the H. pylori prevalence rate among 572 healthy volunteers aged less than 10 years. Formalin ether concentration methods were used to test the prevalence of intestinal parasites (intestinal roundworms and tapeworms). In addition, we interviewed participants regarding potential risk factors for contracting H. pylori infection. RESULTS The seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies was 9%. The prevalence according to age varied from 0% in children under 2 years to 12.5% in age group 9-10 years. There was a correlation between the amounts of positive antibodies and increasing age. The prevalence rate of H. pylori antibodies was also significantly associated with the practice of drinking water from reused plastic jerry cans, with poor mouth hygiene and with co-infection by intestinal parasites. CONCLUSION The prevalence of H. pylori antibodies in Yemen among children under 10 years of age is higher than that reported from other regions for the same age groups. Yemen shares some but not all potential risk factors for H. pylori infection with countries in which similar socioeconomic conditions are found. A possible way of eliminating H. pylori from the population would be via public health measures, i.e. preventing the reuse of plastic jerry cans, and improving sanitation and the standard of living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Al-Shamahy
- University of Sana'a, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen.
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Abstract
This review summarizes key results of epidemiologic studies published in peer-reviewed journals between April 2003 and March 2004. The prevalence of H. pylori infection continues to vary strongly between developing countries and developed countries, and according to ethnicity, place of birth and socioeconomic factors among people living in the same country. Intrafamilial spread appears to play a central role in transmission of the infection in both developing and developed countries. The role of H. pylori infection in development of noncardia gastric cancer appears to be even much stronger than previously assumed, whereas the lack of an association with cardia cancer and an inverse association with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus could be confirmed. Suggestions for an inverse association of the infection with atopic diseases have recently received further support, whereas evidence concerning the role of the infection (or its eradication) in GERD and a large variety of other extragastric diseases, including cardiovascular disease, remains inconclusive.
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