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Yang W, Zhang S, Li A, Yang J, Pang S, Hu Z, Wang Z, Han X, Zhang X. Nitrogen deposition mediates more stochastic processes in structuring plant community than soil microbial community in the Eurasian steppe. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:778-788. [PMID: 38212459 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental changes may affect community assembly through mediating both deterministic (e.g., competitive exclusion and environmental filtering) and stochastic processes (e.g., birth/death and dispersal/colonization). It is traditionally thought that environmental changes have a larger mediation effect on stochastic processes in structuring soil microbial community than aboveground plant community; however, this hypothesis remains largely untested. Here we report an unexpected pattern that nitrogen (N) deposition has a larger mediation effect on stochastic processes in structuring plant community than soil microbial community (those <2 mm in diameter, including archaea, bacteria, fungi, and protists) in the Eurasian steppe. We performed a ten-year nitrogen deposition experiment in a semiarid grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, manipulating nine rates (0-50 g N m-2 per year) at two frequencies (nitrogen added twice or 12 times per year) under two grassland management strategies (fencing or mowing). We separated the compositional variation of plant and soil microbial communities caused by each treatment into the deterministic and stochastic components with a recently-developed method. As nitrogen addition rate increased, the relative importance of stochastic component of plant community first increased and then decreased, while that of soil microbial community first decreased and then increased. On the whole, the relative importance of stochastic component was significantly larger in plant community (0.552±0.035; mean±standard error) than in microbial community (0.427±0.035). Consistently, the proportion of compositional variation explained by the deterministic soil and community indices was smaller for plant community (0.172-0.186) than microbial community (0.240-0.767). Meanwhile, as nitrogen addition rate increased, the linkage between plant and microbial community composition first became weaker and then became stronger. The larger stochasticity in plant community relative to microbial community assembly suggested that more stochastic strategies (e.g., seeds addition) should be adopted to maintain above- than below-ground biodiversity under the pressure of nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shuang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zonghao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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González-Olalla JM, Powell JA, Brahney J. Dust storms increase the tolerance of phytoplankton to thermal and pH changes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17055. [PMID: 38273543 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic communities are increasingly subjected to multiple stressors through global change, including warming, pH shifts, and elevated nutrient concentrations. These stressors often surpass species tolerance range, leading to unpredictable consequences for aquatic communities and ecosystem functioning. Phytoplankton, as the foundation of the aquatic food web, play a crucial role in controlling water quality and the transfer of nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels. Despite the significance in understanding the effect of multiple stressors, further research is required to explore the combined impact of multiple stressors on phytoplankton. In this study, we used a combination of crossed experiment and mechanistic model to analyze the ecological and biogeochemical effects of global change on aquatic ecosystems and to forecast phytoplankton dynamics. We examined the effect of dust (0-75 mg L-1 ), temperature (19-27°C), and pH (6.3-7.3) on the growth rate of the algal species Scenedesmus obliquus. Furthermore, we carried out a geospatial analysis to identify regions of the planet where aquatic systems could be most affected by atmospheric dust deposition. Our mechanistic model and our empirical data show that dust exerts a positive effect on phytoplankton growth rate, broadening its thermal and pH tolerance range. Finally, our geospatial analysis identifies several high-risk areas including the highlands of the Tibetan Plateau, western United States, South America, central and southern Africa, central Australia as well as the Mediterranean region where dust-induced changes are expected to have the greatest impacts. Overall, our study shows that increasing dust storms associated with a more arid climate and land degradation can reverse the negative effects of high temperatures and low pH on phytoplankton growth, affecting the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems and their role in the cycles of the elements and tolerance to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James A Powell
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Janice Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Alam SA, Kivinen S, Kujala H, Tanhuanpää T, Forsius M. Integrating carbon sequestration and biodiversity impacts in forested ecosystems: Concepts, cases, and policies. AMBIO 2023; 52:1687-1696. [PMID: 37715896 PMCID: PMC10562350 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The challenges posed by climate change, biodiversity loss, and land-use are deeply interconnected and integrated solutions are needed. This paper presents results from 11 contributions to a special issue covering topics of integrated modeling and spatial prioritization, mass-balance studies, Earth Observation techniques, research infrastructure developments, and evaluation of policy measures and economic compensation schemes. The spatial scale of the studies ranges from detailed site-specific to a European scale. This paper briefly summarizes the main findings of these studies, makes some general overall conclusions, and identifies topics for further research and methods developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ashraful Alam
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Kivinen
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonkatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Heini Kujala
- Finnish Natural History Museum, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Topi Tanhuanpää
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonkatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Martin Forsius
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Xiao S, Wang C, Yu K, Liu G, Wu S, Wang J, Niu S, Zou J, Liu S. Enhanced CO 2 uptake is marginally offset by altered fluxes of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases in global forests and grasslands under N deposition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5829-5849. [PMID: 37485988 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing impact of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on terrestrial greenhouse gas (GHG) budget, through driving both the net atmospheric CO2 exchange and the emission or uptake of non-CO2 GHGs (CH4 and N2 O), few studies have assessed the climatic impact of forests and grasslands under N deposition globally based on different bottom-up approaches. Here, we quantify the effects of N deposition on biomass C increment, soil organic C (SOC), CH4 and N2 O fluxes and, ultimately, the net ecosystem GHG balance of forests and grasslands using a global comprehensive dataset. We showed that N addition significantly increased plant C uptake (net primary production) in forests and grasslands, to a larger extent for the aboveground C (aboveground net primary production), whereas it only caused a small or insignificant enhancement of SOC pool in both upland systems. Nitrogen addition had no significant effect on soil heterotrophic respiration (RH ) in both forests and grasslands, while a significant N-induced increase in soil CO2 fluxes (RS , soil respiration) was observed in grasslands. Nitrogen addition significantly stimulated soil N2 O fluxes in forests (76%), to a larger extent in grasslands (87%), but showed a consistent trend to decrease soil uptake of CH4 , suggesting a declined sink capacity of forests and grasslands for atmospheric CH4 under N enrichment. Overall, the net GHG balance estimated by the net ecosystem production-based method (forest, 1.28 Pg CO2 -eq year-1 vs. grassland, 0.58 Pg CO2 -eq year-1 ) was greater than those estimated using the SOC-based method (forest, 0.32 Pg CO2 -eq year-1 vs. grassland, 0.18 Pg CO2 -eq year-1 ) caused by N addition. Our findings revealed that the enhanced soil C sequestration by N addition in global forests and grasslands could be only marginally offset (1.5%-4.8%) by the combined effects of its stimulation of N2 O emissions together with the reduced soil uptake of CH4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Genyuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Liu M, Bai X, Tan Q, Luo G, Zhao C, Wu L, Chen F, Li C, Yang Y, Ran C, Luo X, Zhang S. Climate change enhanced the positive contribution of human activities to net ecosystem productivity from 1983 to 2018. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAccurate assessment of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is very important for understanding the global carbon balance. However, it remains unknown whether climate change (CC) promoted or weakened the impact of human activities (HA) on the NEP from 1983 to 2018.MethodsHere, we quantified the contribution of CC and HA to the global NEP under six different scenarios based on a boosted regression tree model and sensitivity analysis over the last 40 years.Results and discussionThe results show that (1) a total of 69% of the areas showed an upward trend in the NEP, with HA and CC controlled 36.33 and 32.79% of the NEP growth, respectively. The contribution of HA (HA_con) far exceeded that of CC by 6.4 times. (2) The CO2 concentration had the largest positive contribution (37%) to NEP and the largest influence area (32.5%). It made the most significant contribution to the NEP trend in the range of 435–440 ppm. In more than 50% of the areas, the main loss factor was solar radiation (SR) in any control area of the climate factors. (3) Interestingly, CC enhanced the positive HA_con to the NEP in 44% of the world, and in 25% of the area, the effect was greater than 50%. Our results shed light on the optimal range of each climatic factor for enhancing the NEP and emphasize the important role of CC in enhancing the positive HA_con to the NEP found in previous studies.
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McDonough AM, Watmough SA. Interactive effects of precipitation and above canopy nitrogen deposition on understorey vascular plants in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest in northern Alberta, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158708. [PMID: 36099949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition in the bituminous sands region of northern Alberta, Canada is localized but expected to increase over time. Here we seek to determine the effects of above canopy N deposition on understorey vascular plants in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stand in a five-year experimental study. Aqueous N (ammonium nitrate) was applied four times annually (May through October) via helicopter above the canopy between 2011 and 2015 across a narrow but environmentally relevant N deposition gradient (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Changes in vascular plant species richness, diversity and total vascular cover were best explained by throughfall water flux, but the positive responses to precipitation decreased with increasing N application. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Maianthemum canadense showed positive cover increases in wet years; however, the positive cover expansion at ≥5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 treatments was suppressed relative to controls. Total cover expansion was muted in low precipitation years in treatments ≥10 kg N ha-1 yr-1. In contrast, Vaccinium vitis-idaea cover changes ≥10 kg N ha-1 yr-1 were consistently negative. There were no differences in soil net N mineralization rates, plant foliar N or NO3- leaching among treatments. We conjecture the extensive moss/lichen layer of the forest floor that accumulates most of incoming N in throughfall allows them to outcompete vascular plants for water during higher precipitation years, effectively reducing vascular cover expansion relative to controls. This work suggests the response of vascular plants in xeric jack pine ecosystems may interact with climate and these interactions should be considered in risk assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M McDonough
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Etobicoke, Ontario MP9 3V6, Canada.
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
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Setälä H, Szlavecz K, Pullen JD, Parker JD, Huang Y, Chang C. Acute resource pulses from periodical cicadas propagate to belowground food webs but do not affect tree performance. Ecology 2022; 103:e3773. [PMID: 35633474 PMCID: PMC9786866 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute resource pulses can have dramatic legacies for organismal growth, but the legacy effects of resource pulses on broader aspects of community structure and ecosystem processes are less understood. Mass emergence of periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) provides an excellent opportunity to shed light on the influence of resource pulses on community and ecosystem dynamics: the adults emerge every 13 or 17 years in vast numbers over much of eastern North America, with a smaller but still significant number becoming incorporated into forest food webs. To study the potential effects of such arthropod resource pulse on primary production and belowground food webs, we added adult cicada bodies to the soil surface surrounding sycamore trees and assessed soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, plant-available nutrients, abundance and community composition of soil fauna occupying various trophic levels, decomposition rate of plant litter after 50 and 100 days, and tree performance for 4 years. Contrary to previous studies, we did not find significant cicada effects on tree performance despite observing higher plant-available nutrient levels on cicada addition plots. Cicada addition did change the community composition of soil nematodes and increased the abundance of bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematodes, while plant feeders, omnivores, and predators were not influenced. Altogether, acute resource pulses from decomposing cicadas propagated belowground to soil microbial-feeding invertebrates and stimulated nutrient mineralization in the soil, but these effects did not transfer up to affect tree performance. We conclude that, despite their influence on soil food web and processes they carry out, even massive resource pulses from arthropods do not necessarily translate to NPP, supporting the view that ephemeral nutrient pulses can be attenuated relatively quickly despite being relatively large in magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Setälä
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiLahtiFinland
| | - Katalin Szlavecz
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jamie D. Pullen
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - John D. Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Yumei Huang
- College of Landscape ArchitectureSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chih‐Han Chang
- Department of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Sheikh MA, Anjum J, Tiwari A. Assessment and current dynamics of nutrients with reference to nitrogen attributes in subalpine forests of Western Himalaya, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:477. [PMID: 35665863 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient necessary for a variety of physiological processes in plants, available in numerous fractions, each of which has direct relationship with the area's environmental circumstances since it causes the formation of these fractions. Seasonal and altitudinal variations in nitrogen concentration were found to have a significant impact. The soil of the western Himalaya is rich in a variety of nutrients, notably nitrogen, which was a current source of worry. The study was conducted in north western Himalaya, and different fractions of nitrogen, viz., available nitrogen, total nitrogen, ammonical nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen, were estimated with reference to different parameters. Annual retention potential was evaluated among various fractions, which yielded positive results, with Site 1 demonstrating the highest retention potential across all seasons. At various depths and seasons of the year, ammonical and nitrate nitrogen levels fluctuated. The findings revealed that the soil is rich in nitrogen fractions with variation directly related to changes in carbon dioxide concentration. Site 1 had the highest values of all the fractions and Site 4 the lowest, whereas the C/N ratio varied between sites. The study determined that nitrogen fractions were present in sufficient quantities and play an important role in the maintenance and growth of natural forests as well as in the reduction of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasra Anjum
- School of studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Avinash Tiwari
- School of studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
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Zhang Q, Hao G, Li M, Li L, Kang B, Yang N, Li H. Transformation of Plant to Resource Acquisition Under High Nitrogen Addition Will Reduce Green Roof Ecosystem Functioning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:894782. [PMID: 35665150 PMCID: PMC9157423 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem engineering, such as green roof, provides numerous key ecosystem functions dependent on both plants and environmental changes. In the recent years, global nitrogen (N) deposition has become a hot topic with the intensification of anthropogenic disturbance. However, the response of green roof ecosystems to N deposition is still not clear. To explore the effects of N addition on plant ecological strategy and ecosystem functioning (biomass), we conducted a 3-month N addition simulation experiment using 12 common green roof species from different growth forms on an extensive green roof in Tianjin, China. The experiment included three different N addition treatments (0, 3.5, and 10.5 gN m-2 year-1). We found that plants with the resource-acquisitive strategy were more suitable to survive in a high N environment, since both aboveground and belowground traits exhibited synergistic effects. Moreover, N addition indirectly decreased plant biomass, indicating that ecosystem functioning was impaired. We highlight that there is a trade-off between the survival of green roof species and keeping the ecosystem functioning well in the future N deposition. Meanwhile, these findings also provide insights into how green roof species respond to global climate change and offer important information for better managing and protecting similar ecosystem engineering in the background of high N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinze Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiyang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Longqin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Binyue Kang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Ouyang L, Du J, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Zhu L, Ni G. Urbanization intensifies tree sap flux but divergently for different tree species groups in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27832-27844. [PMID: 34981375 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, positive and negative effects of urbanization on forest ecosystem have been reported by many studies, while some uncertainties about the impact of urbanization-induced spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors on forest systems still remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the urbanization effects on sap flux of a common subtropical evergreen tree species Schima superba along an urban-rural gradient in Guangdong Province, South China, and identified the consistency of these results among different groups (evergreen, deciduous, and coniferous species) using data from 83 previously published studies in China. The mean sap flux density (Fd) of S. superba in Xiaoqingshan (XQS), Heshan (HS), Dinghushan (DHS), and Shimentai (SMT), along the urban-rural gradient was 40.9 g m-2 s-1, 32.1 g m-2 s-1, 17.0 g m-2 s-1, and 17.5 g m-2 s-1, respectively, presenting a decreasing trend with the diminishing urbanization. This pattern in Fd tended to enlarge with tree size and was well confirmed by the enhanced leaf transpiration rate (by 119%) and photosynthetic rate (by 8.8%) for the S. superba in another urbanization gradient from the urban (Hangzhou, denoted as "HZ") to rural sites (Jiande, denoted as "JD") in Zhejiang Province, East China, which has similar climatic condition and urbanization with Guangdong Province. We attributed such positive effects to the decreased sapwood density and specific leaf area (SLA), as well as the increased Huber value (sap wood area/leaf area) and the sap wood specific hydraulic conductivity (KS). We also found that pollutant emission exerted more impact on Fd than climatic factors change, since the variation of the latter was not large enough to cause significant change of Fd under the same climatic zone. In addition, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) based on the published 83 studies. Results showed Fd of evergreen tree species was related positively to principle 1 and negatively to principle 2, respectively, whereas the Fd of deciduous broadleaf and coniferous tree species was positively and negatively related to both principles, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential impact of urbanization-related pollutant emission changes on water use of forest trees and the growth among different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
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11
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Retention of deposited ammonium and nitrate and its impact on the global forest carbon sink. Nat Commun 2022; 13:880. [PMID: 35169118 PMCID: PMC8847626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition on the global forest carbon (C) sink and other ecosystem services may depend on whether N is deposited in reduced (mainly as ammonium) or oxidized forms (mainly as nitrate) and the subsequent fate of each. However, the fates of the two key reactive N forms and their contributions to forest C sinks are unclear. Here, we analyze results from 13 ecosystem-scale paired 15N-labelling experiments in temperate, subtropical, and tropical forests. Results show that total ecosystem N retention is similar for ammonium and nitrate, but plants take up more labelled nitrate ([Formula: see text]%) ([Formula: see text]) than ammonium ([Formula: see text]%) while soils retain more ammonium ([Formula: see text]%) than nitrate ([Formula: see text]%). We estimate that the N deposition-induced C sink in forests in the 2010s is [Formula: see text] Pg C yr-1, higher than previous estimates because of a larger role for oxidized N and greater rates of global N deposition.
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Mao J, Mao Q, Gundersen P, Gurmesa GA, Zhang W, Huang J, Wang S, Li A, Wang Y, Guo Y, Liu R, Mo J, Zheng M. Unexpected high retention of 15 N-labeled nitrogen in a tropical legume forest under long-term nitrogen enrichment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1529-1543. [PMID: 34800306 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The responses of forests to nitrogen (N) deposition largely depend on the fates of deposited N within the ecosystem. Nitrogen-fixing legume trees widely occur in terrestrial forests, but the fates of deposited N in legume-dominated forests remain unclear, which limit a global evaluation of N deposition impacts and feedbacks on carbon sequestration. Here, we performed the first ecosystem-scale 15 N labeling experiment in a typical legume-dominated forest as well as in a nearby non-legume forest to determine the fates of N deposition between two different forest types and to explore their underlying mechanisms. The 15 N was sprayed bimonthly for 1 year to the forest floor in control and N addition (50 kg N ha-1 year-1 for 10 years) plots in both forests. We unexpectedly found a strong capacity of the legume forest to retain deposited N, with 75 ± 5% labeled N recovered in plants and soils, which was higher than that in the non-legume forest (56 ± 4%). The higher 15 N recovery in legume forest was mainly driven by uptake by the legume trees, in which 15 N recovery was approximately 15% more than that in the nearby non-legume trees. This indicates higher N-demand by the legume than non-legume trees. Mineral soil was the major sink for deposited N, with 39 ± 4% and 34 ± 3% labeled N retained in the legume and non-legume forests, respectively. Moreover, N addition did not significantly change the 15 N recovery patterns of both forests. Overall, these findings indicate that legume-dominated forests act as a strong sink for deposited N regardless of high soil N availability under long-term atmospheric N deposition, which suggest a necessity to incorporate legume-dominated forests into N-cycling models of Earth systems to improve the understanding and prediction of terrestrial N budgets and the global N deposition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Qinggong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Per Gundersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Geshere A Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andi Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yabing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mianhai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Gundale MJ. The impact of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition on global forests: Negative impacts far exceed the carbon benefits. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:690-692. [PMID: 34706121 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans have drastically altered the nitrogen (N) cycle during the past century, enriching ecosystems from the tropics to the tundra with unpresented inputs of novel nitrogen. The study by Schulte-Uebbing et al. (2021) quantified the impact of atmospheric N deposition on C uptake by forests globally, and weighed this climate benefit against the global warming impact of N2 O emissions. A major conclusion was that the C benefits of atmospheric deposition in global forests are smaller than previously estimated (only 41 Tg C year-1 ), accounting for only 2% of the net annual forest C uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Schulte‐Uebbing LF, Ros GH, de Vries W. Experimental evidence shows minor contribution of nitrogen deposition to global forest carbon sequestration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:899-917. [PMID: 34699094 PMCID: PMC9299138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have drastically increased nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests globally. This may have alleviated N limitation and thus stimulated productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in aboveground woody biomass (AGWB), a stable C pool with long turnover times. This 'carbon bonus' of human N use partly offsets the climate impact of human-induced N2 O emissions, but its magnitude and spatial variation are uncertain. Here we used a meta-regression approach to identify sources of heterogeneity in tree biomass C-N response (additional C stored per unit of N) based on data from fertilization experiments in global forests. We identified important drivers of spatial variation in forest biomass C-N response related to climate (potential evapotranspiration), soil fertility (N content) and tree characteristics (stand age), and used these relationships to quantify global spatial variation in N-induced forest biomass C sequestration. Results show that N deposition enhances biomass C sequestration in only one-third of global forests, mainly in the boreal region, while N reduces C sequestration in 5% of forests, mainly in the tropics. In the remaining 59% of global forests, N addition has no impact on biomass C sequestration. Average C-N responses were 11 (4-21) kg C per kg N for boreal forests, 4 (0-8) kg C per kg N for temperate forests and 0 (-4 to 5) kg C per kg N for tropical forests. Our global estimate of the N-induced forest biomass C sink of 41 (-53 to 159) Tg C yr-1 is substantially lower than previous estimates, mainly due to the absence of any response in most tropical forests (accounting for 58% of the global forest area). Overall, the N-induced C sink in AGWB only offsets ~5% of the climate impact of N2 O emissions (in terms of 100-year global warming potential), and contributes ~1% to the gross forest C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F. Schulte‐Uebbing
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Ros
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Nutrient Management InstituteWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
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15
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The retention dynamics of early-spring N input in a temperate forest ecosystem: Implications for winter N deposition. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Impacts of Canopy and Understory Nitrogen Additions on Stomatal Conductance and Carbon Assimilation of Dominant Tree Species in a Temperate Broadleaved Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Li X, Zhang C, Zhang B, Wu D, Shi Y, Zhang W, Ye Q, Yan J, Fu J, Fang C, Ha D, Fu S. Canopy and understory nitrogen addition have different effects on fine root dynamics in a temperate forest: implications for soil carbon storage. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1377-1386. [PMID: 33993502 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on fine root dynamics and the potential underlying mechanisms is required to understand the changes in belowground and aboveground carbon storage. However, research on these effects in forests has mostly involved direct understory addition of N and has ignored canopy interception and processing of N. Here, we conducted a field experiment comparing the effects of canopy addition of N (CAN) with those of understory addition of N (UAN) at three N-addition rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1 ) on fine root dynamics in a temperate deciduous forest. Fine root production and biomass were significantly higher with CAN than with UAN. At the same N-addition rate, increases in fine root production with CAN were at least two-fold greater than with UAN. At the high N-addition rate and relative to the control, fine root biomass was significantly increased by CAN (by 23.5%) but was significantly decreased by UAN (by 12.2%). Our results indicate that traditional UAN may underestimate the responses of fine root dynamics to atmospheric N deposition in forest ecosystems. Canopy N processes should be considered for more realistic assessments of the effects of atmospheric N deposition in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yifei Shi
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Juemin Fu
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xinyang, 464039, China
| | | | - Denglong Ha
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xinyang, 464039, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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18
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Wang A, Chen D, Phillips OL, Gundersen P, Zhou X, Gurmesa GA, Li S, Zhu W, Hobbie EA, Wang X, Fang Y. Dynamics and multi-annual fate of atmospherically deposited nitrogen in montane tropical forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2076-2087. [PMID: 33484031 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on forests largely depend on its fate after entering the ecosystem. While several studies have addressed the forest fate of N deposition using 15 N tracers, the long-term fate and redistribution of deposited N in tropical forests remains unknown. Here, we applied 15 N tracers to examine the fates of deposited ammonium ( NH 4 + ) and nitrate ( NO 3 - ) separately over 3 years in a primary and a secondary tropical montane forest in southern China. Three months after 15 N tracer addition, over 60% of 15 N was retained in the forests studied. Total ecosystem retention did not change over the study period, but between 3 months and 3 years following deposition 15 N recovery in plants increased from 10% to 19% and 13% to 22% in the primary and secondary forests, respectively, while 15 N recovery in the organic soil declined from 16% to 2% and 9% to 2%. Mineral soil retained 50% and 35% of 15 N in the primary and secondary forests, with retention being stable over time. The total ecosystem retention of the two N forms did not differ significantly, but plants retained more 15 NO 3 - than 15 NH 4 + and the organic soil more 15 NH 4 + than NO 3 - . Mineral soil did not differ in 15 NH 4 + and 15 NO 3 - retention. Compared to temperate forests, proportionally more 15 N was distributed to mineral soil and plants in these tropical forests. Overall, our results suggest that atmospherically deposited NH 4 + and NO 3 - is rapidly lost in the short term (months) but thereafter securely retained within the ecosystem, with retained N becoming redistributed to plants and mineral soil from the organic soil. This long-term N retention may benefit tropical montane forest growth and enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science and Observation Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Per Gundersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Xulun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Geshere A Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanlong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Xueyan Wang
- School of Energy and Water Resources, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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19
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Gong H, Li Y, Li S. Effects of the interaction between biochar and nutrients on soil organic carbon sequestration in soda saline-alkali grassland: A review. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Wang X, Wang B, Wang C, Wang Z, Li J, Jia Z, Yang S, Li P, Wu Y, Pan S, Liu L. Canopy processing of N deposition increases short-term leaf N uptake and photosynthesis, but not long-term N retention for aspen seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2601-2610. [PMID: 33112419 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forest canopies can retain nitrogen (N) from atmospheric deposition. However, most empirical and modeling studies do not consider the processing of the N deposited in the canopy. To assess whether N deposition through canopy will alter the plant's N uptake and retention, we conducted a 3-yr mesocosm experiment by applying (15 NH4 )2 SO4 solution to aspen sapling canopies or directly to the soil. We found that 15 N-NH4+ applied to the canopy was directly taken up by leaves. Compared with the soil N application, the canopy N application resulted in higher photosynthesis but lower N retention of the plant-soil system in the first growing season. Plant biomass, N concentration, and leaf N resorption were not significantly different between the canopy and soil N applications. The partitioning of retained 15 N among plant components and soil layers was similar between the two treatments 3 yr after the N application. Our findings indicated that the canopy N processing could alter leaf N supply and photosynthesis in the short term but not N retention in the long term. Under natural conditions, the chronic N deposition could continuously refill the canopy N pool, causing a sustained increase in canopy carbon uptake. Canopy N processing needs to be considered for accurately predicting the impact of N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhou Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengnan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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21
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Finzi AC, Giasson M, Barker Plotkin AA, Aber JD, Boose ER, Davidson EA, Dietze MC, Ellison AM, Frey SD, Goldman E, Keenan TF, Melillo JM, Munger JW, Nadelhoffer KJ, Ollinger SV, Orwig DA, Pederson N, Richardson AD, Savage K, Tang J, Thompson JR, Williams CA, Wofsy SC, Zhou Z, Foster DR. Carbon budget of the Harvard Forest Long‐Term Ecological Research site: pattern, process, and response to global change. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien C. Finzi
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston Massachusetts02215 USA
| | | | | | - John D. Aber
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
| | - Emery R. Boose
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
| | - Eric A. Davidson
- Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Frostburg Maryland21532 USA
| | - Michael C. Dietze
- Department of Earth & Environment Boston University Boston Massachusetts02215 USA
| | - Aaron M. Ellison
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
| | - Serita D. Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
| | - Evan Goldman
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts02138 USA
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California94720 USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management UC Berkeley Berkeley California94720 USA
| | - Jerry M. Melillo
- The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts02543 USA
| | - J. William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts02138 USA
| | - Knute J. Nadelhoffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan48109 USA
| | - Scott V. Ollinger
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
- Earth Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
| | - David A. Orwig
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
| | - Andrew D. Richardson
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011 USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011 USA
| | - Kathleen Savage
- Woods Hole Research Center 149 Woods Hole Road Falmouth Massachusetts02540 USA
| | - Jianwu Tang
- The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts02543 USA
| | | | - Christopher A. Williams
- Graduate School of Geography and Department of Biology Clark University Worcester Massachusetts01610 USA
| | - Steven C. Wofsy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts02138 USA
| | - Zaixing Zhou
- Earth Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire03824 USA
| | - David R. Foster
- Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts01366 USA
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22
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Del Castello F, Nejamkin A, Foresi N, Lamattina L, Correa-Aragunde N. Chimera of Globin/Nitric Oxide Synthase: Toward Improving Nitric Oxide Homeostasis and Nitrogen Recycling and Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:575651. [PMID: 33101345 PMCID: PMC7554344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.575651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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23
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Red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees demonstrate acclimation to urban conditions in deciduous forests embedded in cities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236313. [PMID: 32706781 PMCID: PMC7380610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of urbanization, such as urban heat island (UHI) and nutrient loads, can influence tree function through altered physiology and metabolism and stress response, which has implications for urban forest health in cities across the world. Our goal was to compare growth-stimulating and stress-mitigating acclimation patterns of red maple (Acer rubrum) trees in deciduous forests embedded in a small (Newark, DE, US) and a large (Philadelphia, PA, US) city. The study was conducted in a long-term urban forest network on seventy-nine mature red maple trees spanning ten forests across Newark and Philadelphia. We hypothesized that red maples in Philadelphia forests compared to Newark forests will be healthier and more acclimated to warmer temperatures, elevated CO2 concentrations and reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition, and higher nutrient/heavy metal loads. Therefore, these red maples will have higher foliar pigments, nutrients, and stress-indicating elements, enriched δ15N isotopes and increased free polyamines and amino acids to support a growth-stimulating and stress-induced response to urbanization. Our results indicate red maples are potentially growth-stimulated and stress-acclimated in Philadelphia forests experiencing a greater magnitude of urban intensity. Red maples in Philadelphia forests contained higher concentrations of foliar chlorophyll, %N, δ15N, and nutrients than those in Newark forests. Similarly, lower foliar magnesium and manganese, and higher foliar zinc, cadmium, lead, and aluminum reflected the difference in soil biogeochemistry in Philadelphia forests. Accumulation patterns of foliar free amino acids, polyamines, phosphorous, and potassium ions in red maples in Philadelphia forests shows a reallocation in cellular metabolism and nutrient uptake pathways responsible for physiological acclimation. Our results suggest the approach used here can serve as a model for investigating ‘plant physiology’ and the use of urban trees as a biomonitor of the impacts of ‘urban pollution’ on urban forests. The results suggest that cellular oxidative stress in trees caused by pollutant uptake is mitigated by the accumulation of free amino acids, polyamines, and nutrients in a larger city. Our study provides a framework for determining whether trees respond to complex urban environments through stress memory and/or acclimation.
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24
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Zhang X, Ward BB, Sigman DM. Global Nitrogen Cycle: Critical Enzymes, Organisms, and Processes for Nitrogen Budgets and Dynamics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5308-5351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Zhang
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Bess B. Ward
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniel M. Sigman
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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25
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Ma TY, Liu XY, Xu SQ, Guo HR, Huang H, Hu CC, Wu D, Sun ZC, Chen CJ, Song W. Levels and variations of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen among forests in a hotspot region of high nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136620. [PMID: 32019017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have distinctly enhanced the deposition levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) pollutants into terrestrial ecosystems, but whether and to what extents soil carbon (C) and N status have been influenced by elevated N inputs remain poorly understood in the 'real' world given related knowledge has largely based on N-addition experiments. Here we reported soil organic C (OC) and total N (TN) for twenty-seven forests along a gradient of N deposition (22.4-112.9 kg N/ha/yr) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of northern China, a global hotspot of high N pollution. Levels of soil TN in forests of the BTH region have been elevated compared with investigations in past decades, suggesting that long-term N deposition might cause soil TN increases. Combining with major geographical and environmental factors among the study forests, we found unexpectedly that soil moisture and pH values rather than N deposition levels were major regulators of the observed spatial variations of soil OC and TN contents. As soil moisture and pH values increased with mean annual precipitation and temperature, respectively, soil C and N status in forests of the BTH region might be more responsive to climate change than to N pollution. These evidence suggests that both N deposition and climate differences should be considered into managing ecosystem functions of forest resources in regions with high N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shi-Qi Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao-Ran Guo
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao-Chen Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhong-Cong Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chong-Juan Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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26
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Song X, Peng C, Ciais P, Li Q, Xiang W, Xiao W, Zhou G, Deng L. Nitrogen addition increased CO 2 uptake more than non-CO 2 greenhouse gases emissions in a Moso bamboo forest. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaw5790. [PMID: 32206705 PMCID: PMC7080497 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of ecosystems through the net atmospheric CO2 exchange and the emission of non-CO2 GHGs (CH4 and N2O). We quantified the effects of N deposition on biomass increment, soil organic carbon (SOC), and N2O and CH4 fluxes and, ultimately, the net GHG budget at ecosystem level of a Moso bamboo forest in China. Nitrogen addition significantly increased woody biomass increment and SOC decomposition, increased N2O emission, and reduced soil CH4 uptake. Despite higher N2O and CH4 fluxes, the ecosystem remained a net GHG sink of 26.8 to 29.4 megagrams of CO2 equivalent hectare-1 year-1 after 4 years of N addition against 22.7 hectare-1 year-1 without N addition. The total net carbon benefits induced by atmospheric N deposition at current rates of 30 kilograms of N hectare-1 year-1 over Moso bamboo forests across China were estimated to be of 23.8 teragrams of CO2 equivalent year-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C3P8, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wenfa Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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27
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Huang L, Chen K, Zhou M. Climate change and carbon sink: a bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8740-8758. [PMID: 31912388 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, climate change and carbon sinks have been widely studied by the academic community, and relevant research results have emerged in abundance. In this paper, a scientometric analysis of 747 academic works published between 1991 and 2018 related to climate change and carbon sinks is presented to characterize the intellectual landscape by identifying and revealing the basic characteristics, research power, intellectual base, research topic evolution, and research hotspots in this field. The results show that ① the number of publications in this field has increased rapidly and the field has become increasingly interdisciplinary; ② the most productive authors and institutions in this subject area are in the USA, China, Canada, Australia, and European countries, and the cooperation between these researchers is closer than other researchers in the field; ③ 11 of the 747 papers analyzed in this study have played a key role in the evolution of the field; and ④ in this paper, we divide research hotspots into three decade-long phases (1991-1999, 2000-2010, and 2011-present). Drought problems have attracted more and more attention from scholars. In the end, given the current trend of the studies, we conclude a list of research potentials of climate change and carbon sinks in the future. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of climate change and carbon sink research to better understand the global trends and directions that have emerged in this field over the past 28 years, which can also provide reference for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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28
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Nitrogen Addition Alleviates Microbial Nitrogen Limitations and Promotes Soil Respiration in a Subalpine Coniferous Forest. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Soil microbes are an important component of soil ecosystems that influence material circulation and are involved in the energy flow of ecosystems. The increase in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects all types of terrestrial ecosystems, including subalpine forests. In general, alpine and high-latitude ecosystems are N limited. Increased N deposition could therefore affect microbial activity and soil respiration. In this study, four levels of N addition, including CK (no N added), N1 (2 g m−2 a−1), N2 (5 g m−2 a−1), and N3 (10 g m−2 a−1), were carried out in a Sichuan redwood forest at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The dynamics of soil respiration, major microbial groups, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN, respectively) were investigated over a year. The results showed that N application significantly increased soil respiration (11%–15%), MBC (5%–9%), MBN (23%–34%), N-acetylglucosidase (56.40%–204.78%), and peroxidase (42.28%–54.87%) activities. The promotion of soil respiration, N-acetylglucosidase, and peroxidase was highest under the N2 treatment. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolism of soil microbes in subalpine forests significantly responded to N application. In the latter stages of N application, microbial metabolism changed from being N restricted to phosphorus restricted, especially under the N2 treatment. Soil bacteria (B) and gram-positive (G+) bacteria were the dominant microbial groups affecting soil respiration. Structural equation modelling indicated that N application significantly promoted soil respiration and microbial biomass, whereas the main microbial groups did not significantly respond to N application. Therefore, we conclude that short-term N addition alleviates microbial nitrogen limitation and promotes soil respiration in the subalpine forest ecosystem that accelerates soil carbon (C) and N cycling. Continuous monitoring is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms under long-term N deposition, which may help in forecasting C, N, and P cycling in the alpine region under global climate change.
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29
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Future nitrogen availability and its effect on carbon sequestration in Northern Eurasia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3024. [PMID: 31289265 PMCID: PMC6616380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability exerts strong control on carbon storage in the forests of Northern Eurasia. Here, using a process-based model, we explore how three factors that alter N availability—permafrost degradation, atmospheric N deposition, and the abandonment of agricultural land to forest regrowth (land-use legacy)—affect carbon storage in the region’s forest vegetation over the 21st century within the context of two IPCC global-change scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). For RCP4.5, enhanced N availability results in increased tree carbon storage of 27.8 Pg C, with land-use legacy being the most important factor. For RCP8.5, enhanced N availability results in increased carbon storage in trees of 13.4 Pg C, with permafrost degradation being the most important factor. Our analysis reveals complex spatial and temporal patterns of regional carbon storage. This study underscores the importance of considering carbon-nitrogen interactions when assessing regional and sub-regional impacts of global change policies. The impact of nitrogen availability on carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems under climate change is understudied. Here the authors project that increases in N availability over the 21st century associated with warmer soils and the legacy of past N fertiliser use on abandoned croplands will be the primary drivers of a 21st century net carbon sink in Northern Eurasia.
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30
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Kizewski FR, Kaye JP, Martínez CE. Nitrate transformation and immobilization in particulate organic matter incubations: Influence of redox, iron and (a)biotic conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218752. [PMID: 31276538 PMCID: PMC6611582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate can be reduced to other N inorganic species via denitrification and incorporated into organic matter by immobilization; however, the effect of biotic/abiotic and redox condition on immobilization and denitrification processes from a single system are not well documented. We hypothesize nitrate (NO3-) transformation pathways leading to the formation of dissolved- and solid-phase organic N are predominantly controlled by abiotic reactions, but the formation of soluble inorganic N species is controlled by redox condition. In this study, organic matter in the form of leaf compost (LC) was spiked with 15NO3- and incubated under oxic/anoxic and biotic/abiotic conditions at pH 6.5. We seek to understand how variations in environmental conditions impact NO3- transformation pathways through laboratory incubations. We find production of NH4+ is predominantly controlled by redox whereas NO3- conversion to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and immobilization in solid-phase N are predominantly controlled by abiotic processes. Twenty % of added 15N-NO3- was incorporated into DON under oxic conditions, with abiotic processes accounting for 85% of the overall incorporation. Nitrogen immobilization processes resulted in N concentrations of 4.1–6.6 μg N (g leaf compost)-1, with abiotic processes accounting for 100% and 66% of the overall (biotic+abiotic) N immobilization under anoxic and oxic conditions, respectively. 15N-NMR spectroscopy suggests 15NO3- was immobilized into amide/aminoquinones and nitro/oxime under anoxic conditions. A fraction of the NH4+ was produced abiotically under anoxic conditions (~10% of the total NH4+ production) although biotic organic N mineralization contributed to most of NH4+ production. Our results also indicate Fe(II) did not act as an electron source in biotic-oxic incubations; however, Fe(II) provided electrons for NO3- reduction in biotic-anoxic incubations although it was not the sole electron source. It is clear that, under the experimental conditions of this investigation, abiotic and redox processes play important roles in NO3- transformations. As climatic conditions change (e.g., frequency/intensity of rainfall), abiotic reactions that shift transformation pathways and N species concentrations from those controlled by biota might become more prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R. Kizewski
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Jason P. Kaye
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Carmen Enid Martínez
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Dynarski KA, Morford SL, Mitchell SA, Houlton BZ. Bedrock nitrogen weathering stimulates biological nitrogen fixation. Ecology 2019; 100:e02741. [PMID: 31006111 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Global ecosystem models suggest that bedrock nitrogen (N) weathering contributes 10-20% of total N inputs to the natural terrestrial biosphere and >38% of ecosystem N supplies in temperate forests specifically. Yet, the role of rock N weathering in shaping ecological processes and biogeochemical fluxes is largely unknown. Here, we show that temperate forest ecosystems underlain by N-rich bedrock exhibit higher free-living N fixation rates than similar forests residing on N-poor parent materials, across sites experiencing a range of climate and tectonic regimes. This seemingly counterintuitive result can be explained by increased accumulation of soil C and P in high bedrock N sites, resulting in increased energy inputs and nutrient supplies to N fixing microorganisms. Our findings advance a novel ecosystem biogeochemical framework that recognizes long-term plant-soil-microbe feedbacks in shaping biogeochemical processes, with potentially widespread implications given the global distribution of bedrock N across Earth's terrestrial biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Dynarski
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Scott L Morford
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.,Terra Analytics, Helena, Montana, 59601, USA
| | - Scott A Mitchell
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.,Soil & Water Management Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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32
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Gilliam FS, Burns DA, Driscoll CT, Frey SD, Lovett GM, Watmough SA. Decreased atmospheric nitrogen deposition in eastern North America: Predicted responses of forest ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:560-574. [PMID: 30384062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Historical increases in emissions and atmospheric deposition of oxidized and reduced nitrogen (N) provided the impetus for extensive, global-scale research investigating the effects of excess N in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with several regions within the Eastern Deciduous Forest of the United States found to be susceptible to negative effects of excess N. The Clean Air Act and associated rules have led to decreases in emissions and deposition of oxidized N, especially in eastern U.S., representing a research challenge and opportunity for ecosystem ecologists and biogeochemists. The purpose of this paper is to predict changes in the structure and function of North American forest ecosystems in a future of decreased N deposition. Hysteresis is a property of a system wherein output is not a strict function of corresponding input, incorporating lag, delay, or history dependence, particularly when the response to decreasing input is different from the response to increasing input. We suggest a conceptual hysteretic model predicting varying lag times in recovery of soil acidification, plant biodiversity, soil microbial communities, forest carbon (C) and N cycling, and surface water chemistry toward pre-N impact conditions. Nearly all of these can potentially respond strongly to reductions in N deposition. Most responses are expected to show some degree of hysteresis, with the greatest delays in response occurring in processes most tightly linked to "slow pools" of N in wood and soil organic matter. Because experimental studies of declines in N loads in forests of North America are lacking and because of the expected hysteresis, it is difficult to generalize from experimental results to patterns expected from declining N deposition. These will likely be long-term phenomena, difficult to distinguish from other, concurrent environmental changes, including elevated atmospheric CO2, climate change, reductions in acidity, invasions of new species, and long-term vegetation responses to past disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, United States.
| | - Douglas A Burns
- U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Charles T Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States
| | - Serita D Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Gary M Lovett
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, PO Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, United States
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
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33
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Du E, de Vries W. Nitrogen-induced new net primary production and carbon sequestration in global forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1476-1487. [PMID: 30142563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition and biological N fixation (BNF) are main external N inputs into terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have simultaneously quantified the contribution of these two external N inputs to global NPP and consequent C sequestration. Based on literature analysis, we estimated new net primary production (NPP) due to external N inputs from BNF and N deposition and the consequent C sinks in global boreal, temperate and tropical forest biomes via a stoichiometric scaling approach. Nitrogen-induced new NPP is estimated to be 3.48 Pg C yr-1 in global established forests and contributes to a C sink of 1.83 Pg C yr-1. More specifically, the aboveground and belowground new NPP are estimated to be 2.36 and 1.12 Pg C yr-1, while the external N-induced C sinks in wood and soil are estimated to be 1.51 and 0.32 Pg C yr-1, respectively. BNF contributes to a major proportion of N-induced new NPP (3.07 Pg C yr-1) in global forest, and accounts for a C sink of 1.58 Pg C yr-1. Compared with BNF, N deposition only makes a minor contribution to new NPP (0.41 Pg C yr-1) and C sinks (0.25 Pg C yr-1) in global forests. At the biome scale, rates of N-induced new NPP and C sink show an increase from boreal forest towards tropical forest, as mainly driven by an increase of BNF. In contrast, N deposition leads to a larger C sink in temperate forest (0.11 Pg C yr-1) than boreal (0.06 Pg C yr-1) and tropical forest (0.08 Pg C yr-1). Our estimate of total C sink due to N-induced new NPP approximately matches an independent assessment of total C sink in global established forests, suggesting that external N inputs by BNF and atmospheric deposition are key drivers of C sinks in global forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Center, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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34
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Future biomass carbon sequestration capacity of Chinese forests. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1108-1117. [PMID: 36658990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chinese forests, characterized by relatively young stand age, represent a significant biomass carbon (C) sink over the past several decades. Nevertheless, it is unclear how forest biomass C sequestration capacity in China will evolve as forest age, climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration change continuously. Here, we present a semi-empirical model that incorporates forest age and climatic factors for each forest type to estimate the effects of forest age and climate change on total forest biomass, under three different scenarios based on the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We estimate that age-related forest biomass C sequestration to be 6.69 Pg C (∼0.17 Pg C a-1) from the 2000s to the 2040s. Climate change induces a rather weak increase in total forest biomass C sequestration (0.52-0.60 Pg C by the 2040s). We show that rising CO2 concentrations could further increase the total forest biomass C sequestration by 1.68-3.12 Pg C in the 2040s across all three scenarios. Overall, the total forest biomass in China would increase by 8.89-10.37 Pg C by the end of 2040s. Our findings highlight the benefits of Chinese afforestation programs, continued climate change and increasing CO2 concentration in sustaining the forest biomass C sink in the near future, and could therefore be useful for designing more realistic climate change mitigation policies such as continuous forestation programs and careful choice of tree species.
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35
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Song M, Guo Y, Yu F, Zhang X, Cao G, Cornelissen JHC. Shifts in priming partly explain impacts of long-term nitrogen input in different chemical forms on soil organic carbon storage. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4160-4172. [PMID: 29748989 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Input of labile organic carbon can enhance decomposition of extant soil organic carbon (SOC) through priming. We hypothesized that long-term nitrogen (N) input in different chemical forms alters SOC pools by altering priming effects associated with N-mediated changes in plants and soil microbes. The hypothesis was tested by integrating field experimental data of plants, soil microbes and two incubation experiments with soils that had experienced 10 years of N enrichment with three chemical forms (ammonium, nitrate and both ammonium and nitrate) in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Incubations with glucose-13 C addition at three rates were used to quantify effects of exogenous organic carbon input on the priming of SOC. Incubations with microbial inocula extracted from soils that had experienced different long-term N treatments were conducted to detect effects of N-mediated changes in soil microbes on priming effects. We found strong evidence and a mechanistic explanation for alteration of SOC pools following 10 years of N enrichment with different chemical forms. We detected significant negative priming effects both in soils collected from ammonium-addition plots and in sterilized soils inoculated with soil microbes extracted from ammonium-addition plots. In contrast, significant positive priming effects were found both in soils collected from nitrate-addition plots and in sterilized soils inoculated with soil microbes extracted from nitrate-addition plots. Meanwhile, the abundance and richness of graminoids were higher and the abundance of soil microbes was lower in ammonium-addition than in nitrate-addition plots. Our findings provide evidence that shifts toward higher graminoid abundance and changes in soil microbial abundance mediated by N chemical forms are key drivers for priming effects and SOC pool changes, thereby linking human interference with the N cycle to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feihai Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangmin Cao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Oulehle F, Tahovská K, Chuman T, Evans CD, Hruška J, Růžek M, Bárta J. Comparison of the impacts of acid and nitrogen additions on carbon fluxes in European conifer and broadleaf forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:884-893. [PMID: 29631233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased reactive nitrogen (N) loadings to terrestrial ecosystems are believed to have positive effects on ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. Global "hot spots" of N deposition are often associated with currently or formerly high deposition of sulphur (S); C fluxes in these regions might therefore not be responding solely to N loading, and could be undergoing transient change as S inputs change. In a four-year, two-forest stand (mature Norway spruce and European beech) replicated field experiment involving acidity manipulation (sulphuric acid addition), N addition (NH4NO3) and combined treatments, we tested the extent to which altered soil solution acidity or/and soil N availability affected the concentration of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil respiration (Rs), microbial community characteristics (respiration, biomass, fungi and bacteria abundances) and enzyme activity. We demonstrated a large and consistent suppression of soil water DOC concentration driven by chemical changes associated with increased hydrogen ion concentrations under acid treatments, independent of forest type. Soil respiration was suppressed by sulphuric acid addition in the spruce forest, accompanied by reduced microbial biomass, increased fungal:bacterial ratios and increased C to N enzyme ratios. We did not observe equivalent effects of sulphuric acid treatments on Rs in the beech forest, where microbial activity appeared to be more tightly linked to N acquisition. The only changes in C cycling following N addition were increased C to N enzyme ratios, with no impact on C fluxes (either Rs or DOC). We conclude that C accumulation previously attributed solely to N deposition could be partly attributable to their simultaneous acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Chuman
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chris D Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environmental Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Růžek
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Cienciala E, Altman J, Doležal J, Kopáček J, Štěpánek P, Ståhl G, Tumajer J. Increased spruce tree growth in Central Europe since 1960s. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1637-1647. [PMID: 29122345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth response to recent environmental changes is of key interest for forest ecology. This study addressed the following questions with respect to Norway spruce (Picea abies, L. Karst.) in Central Europe: Has tree growth accelerated during the last five decades? What are the main environmental drivers of the observed tree radial stem growth and how much variability can be explained by them? Using a nationwide dendrochronological sampling of Norway spruce in the Czech Republic (1246 trees, 266 plots), novel regional tree-ring width chronologies for 40(±10)- and 60(±10)-year old trees were assembled, averaged across three elevation zones (break points at 500 and 700m). Correspondingly averaged drivers, including temperature, precipitation, nitrogen (N) deposition and ambient CO2 concentration, were used in a general linear model (GLM) to analyze the contribution of these in explaining tree ring width variability for the period from 1961 to 2013. Spruce tree radial stem growth responded strongly to the changing environment in Central Europe during the period, with a mean tree ring width increase of 24 and 32% for the 40- and 60-year old trees, respectively. The indicative General Linear Model analysis identified CO2, precipitation during the vegetation season, spring air temperature (March-May) and N-deposition as the significant covariates of growth, with the latter including interactions with elevation zones. The regression models explained 57% and 55% of the variability in the two tree ring width chronologies, respectively. Growth response to N-deposition showed the highest variability along the elevation gradient with growth stimulation/limitation at sites below/above 700m. A strong sensitivity of stem growth to CO2 was also indicated, suggesting that the effect of rising ambient CO2 concentration (direct or indirect by increased water use efficiency) should be considered in analyses of long-term growth together with climatic factors and N-deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Cs. armády 655, 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Institute of Botany of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kopáček
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Göran Ståhl
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Department of Forest Resource Management, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Tumajer
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Cs. armády 655, 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical geography and Geoecology, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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Schulte-Uebbing L, de Vries W. Global-scale impacts of nitrogen deposition on tree carbon sequestration in tropical, temperate, and boreal forests: A meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e416-e431. [PMID: 29034987 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition may increase net primary productivity in N-limited terrestrial ecosystems and thus enhance the terrestrial carbon (C) sink. To assess the magnitude of this N-induced C sink, we performed a meta-analysis on data from forest fertilization experiments to estimate N-induced C sequestration in aboveground tree woody biomass, a stable C pool with long turnover times. Our results show that boreal and temperate forests responded strongly to N addition and sequestered on average an additional 14 and 13 kg C per kg N in aboveground woody biomass, respectively. Tropical forests, however, did not respond significantly to N addition. The common hypothesis that tropical forests do not respond to N because they are phosphorus-limited could not be confirmed, as we found no significant response to phosphorus addition in tropical forests. Across climate zones, we found that young forests responded more strongly to N addition, which is important as many previous meta-analyses of N addition experiments rely heavily on data from experiments on seedlings and young trees. Furthermore, the C-N response (defined as additional mass unit of C sequestered per additional mass unit of N addition) was affected by forest productivity, experimental N addition rate, and rate of ambient N deposition. The estimated C-N responses from our meta-analysis were generally lower that those derived with stoichiometric scaling, dynamic global vegetation models, and forest growth inventories along N deposition gradients. We estimated N-induced global C sequestration in tree aboveground woody biomass by multiplying the C-N responses obtained from the meta-analysis with N deposition estimates per biome. We thus derived an N-induced global C sink of about 177 (112-243) Tg C/year in aboveground and belowground woody biomass, which would account for about 12% of the forest biomass C sink (1,400 Tg C/year).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schulte-Uebbing
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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39
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Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Moso Bamboo Plantations Strongly Depend on Management Practices. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Soil Nitrogen Storage, Distribution, and Associated Controlling Factors in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau Shrublands. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Wang R, Goll D, Balkanski Y, Hauglustaine D, Boucher O, Ciais P, Janssens I, Penuelas J, Guenet B, Sardans J, Bopp L, Vuichard N, Zhou F, Li B, Piao S, Peng S, Huang Y, Tao S. Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4854-4872. [PMID: 28513916 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterns and temporal trends of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition are important for quantifying their impact on forest carbon (C) uptake. In a first step, we modeled historical and future change in the global distributions of the atmospheric deposition of N and P from the dry and wet deposition of aerosols and gases containing N and P. Future projections were compared between two scenarios with contrasting aerosol emissions. Modeled fields of N and P deposition and P concentration were evaluated using globally distributed in situ measurements. N deposition peaked around 1990 in European forests and around 2010 in East Asian forests, and both increased sevenfold relative to 1850. P deposition peaked around 2010 in South Asian forests and increased 3.5-fold relative to 1850. In a second step, we estimated the change in C storage in forests due to the fertilization by deposited N and P (∆Cν dep ), based on the retention of deposited nutrients, their allocation within plants, and C:N and C:P stoichiometry. ∆Cν dep for 1997-2013 was estimated to be 0.27 ± 0.13 Pg C year-1 from N and 0.054 ± 0.10 Pg C year-1 from P, contributing 9% and 2% of the terrestrial C sink, respectively. Sensitivity tests show that uncertainty of ∆Cν dep was larger from P than from N, mainly due to uncertainty in the fraction of deposited P that is fixed by soil. ∆CPdep was exceeded by ∆CNdep over 1960-2007 in a large area of East Asian and West European forests due to a faster growth in N deposition than P. Our results suggest a significant contribution of anthropogenic P deposition to C storage, and additional sources of N are needed to support C storage by P in some Asian tropical forests where the deposition rate increased even faster for P than for N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Didier Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laurent Bopp
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Field CD, Evans CD, Dise NB, Hall JR, Caporn SJM. Long-term nitrogen deposition increases heathland carbon sequestration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:426-435. [PMID: 28340453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The large increases in reactive nitrogen (N) deposition in developed countries since the Industrial Revolution have had a marked impact on ecosystem functioning, including declining species richness, shifts in species composition, and increased N leaching. A potential mitigation of these harmful effects is the action of N as a fertiliser, which, through increasing primary productivity (and subsequently, organic matter production), has the potential to increase ecosystem carbon (C) storage. Here we report the response of an upland heath to 10years of experimental N addition. We find large increases in plant and soil C and N pools, with N-driven C sequestration rates in the range of 13-138kgCkg-1. These rates are higher than those previously found in forest and lowland heath, mainly due to higher C sequestration in the litter layer. C sequestration is highest at lower N treatments (10, 20, and 40kgNha-1yr-1 above ambient), with evidence of saturation at the highest N treatment, reflecting a physiologically aged Calluna vulgaris (Calluna) canopy. To maintain these rates of sequestration, the Calluna canopy should be managed to maximise it's time in the building phase. Scaling our results across UK heathlands, this equates to an additional 0.77Mt CO2e per annum extra C sequestered into plant litter and the top 15cm of heathland soil as a result of N deposition. The bulk of this is found in the litter and organic soil horizons that hold an average of 23% and 54% of soil C, respectively. This additional C represents around 0.44% of UK annual anthropogenic GHG emissions. When considered in the context of falling biodiversity and altered species composition in heathland, policy focus should remain on reducing N emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D Field
- School of Science and Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Chris D Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Nancy B Dise
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Jane R Hall
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Simon J M Caporn
- School of Science and Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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43
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Individual size but not additional nitrogen regulates tree carbon sequestration in a subtropical forest. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46293. [PMID: 28425494 PMCID: PMC5397863 DOI: 10.1038/srep46293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that tree carbon accumulation in subtropical forests has been negatively affected by global change phenomena such as warming and drought. However, the long-term effect of nitrogen addition on plant carbon storage remains poorly understood in these regions. In this study, we conducted a 10-year field experiment examining the effect of experimental N addition on plant growth and carbon storage in a subtropical Chinese fir forest. The N levels were 0 (control), 60, 120, and 240 kg ha−1 yr−1, and the N effects on tree carbon were divided into stand and individual levels. The results indicated that tree carbon storage at the stand scale was not affected by long-term N addition in the subtropical forest. By contrast, significant impacts of different tree size classes on carbon sequestration were found under different N treatments, which indicated that the amount of plant carbon sequestration was significantly enhanced with tree size class. Our findings highlight the importance of community structure and growth characteristics in Chinese fir forests, in which individual size but not additional N regulates tree carbon sequestration in this subtropical forest.
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44
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Nagy RC, Rastetter EB, Neill C, Porder S. Nutrient limitation in tropical secondary forests following different management practices. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:734-755. [PMID: 27930831 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary forests now make up more than one-half of all tropical forests, and constraints on their biomass accumulation will influence the strength of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink in the coming decades. However the variance in secondary tropical forest biomass for a given stand age and climate is high and our understanding of why is limited. We constructed a model of terrestrial C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling to examine the influence of disturbance and management practices on nutrient limitation and biomass recovery in secondary tropical forests. The model predicted that N limited the rate of forest recovery in the first few decades following harvest, but that this limitation switched to P approximately 30-40 yr after abandonment, consistent with field data on N and P cycling from secondary tropical forest chronosequences. Simulated biomass recovery agreed well with field data of biomass accumulation following harvest (R2 = 0.80). Model results showed that if all biomass remained on site following a severe disturbance such as blowdown, regrowth approached pre-disturbance biomass in 80-90 yr, and recovery was faster following smaller disturbances such as selective logging. Field data from regrowth on abandoned pastures were consistent with simulated losses of nutrients in soil organic matter, particularly P. Following any forest disturbance that involved the removal of nutrients (i.e., except blowdown), forest regrowth produced reduced biomass relative to the initial state as a result of nutrient loss through harvest, leaching and/or sequestration by secondary minerals. Differences in nutrient availability accounted for 49-94% of the variance in secondary forest biomass C at a given stand age. Management lessons from this study are the importance of strategies that help retain nutrients on site, recognizing the role of coarse woody debris in immobilization and subsequent release of nutrients, and the potential for nutrient additions to enhance biomass growth and recovery in secondary tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chelsea Nagy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Edward B Rastetter
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Christopher Neill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
- Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Stephen Porder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
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Nair RKF, Perks MP, Mencuccini M. Decomposition nitrogen is better retained than simulated deposition from mineral amendments in a temperate forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1711-1724. [PMID: 27487010 PMCID: PMC6849573 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition (NDEP ) drives forest carbon (C) sequestration but the size of this effect is still uncertain. In the field, an estimate of these effects can be obtained by applying mineral N fertilizers over the soil or forest canopy. A 15 N label in the fertilizer can be then used to trace the movement of the added N into ecosystem pools and deduce a C effect. However, N recycling via litter decomposition provides most of the nutrition for trees, even under heavy NDEP inputs. If this recycled litter nitrogen is retained in ecosystem pools differently to added mineral N, then estimates of the effects of NDEP on the relative change in C (∆C/∆N) based on short-term isotope-labelled mineral fertilizer additions should be questioned. We used 15 N labelled litter to track decomposed N in the soil system (litter, soils, microbes, and roots) over 18 months in a Sitka spruce plantation and directly compared the fate of this 15 N to an equivalent amount in simulated NDEP treatments. By the end of the experiment, three times as much 15 N was retained in the O and A soil layers when N was derived from litter decomposition than from mineral N additions (60% and 20%, respectively), primarily because of increased recovery in the O layer. Roots expressed slightly more 15 N tracer from litter decomposition than from simulated mineral NDEP (7.5% and 4.5%) and compared to soil recovery, expressed proportionally more 15 N in the A layer than the O layer, potentially indicating uptake of organic N from decomposition. These results suggest effects of NDEP on forest ∆C/∆N may not be apparent from mineral 15 N tracer experiments alone. Given the importance of N recycling, an important but underestimated effect of NDEP is its influence on the rate of N release from litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K. F. Nair
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghCrew BuildingEdinburghEH9 3FFMidlothianUK
- Present address:
Max Planck Institut für Biogeochemie07745JenaGermany
| | - Michael P. Perks
- Forest ResearchNorthern Research StationRoslinEH25 9SYMidlothianUK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghCrew BuildingEdinburghEH9 3FFMidlothianUK
- ICREA at CREAF, Campus de UABCerdanyola del VallésBellaterra, BarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Max Planck Institut für Biogeochemie07745JenaGermany
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46
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Schaeffer RN, Soltis NE, Martin JL, Brown AL, Gómez S, Preisser EL, Orians CM. Seasonal variation in effects of herbivory on foliar nitrogen of a threatened conifer. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx007. [PMID: 28439394 PMCID: PMC5391718 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Invasive herbivores can dramatically impact the nitrogen (N) economy of native hosts. In deciduous species, most N is stored in stem tissues, while in evergreen conifer species N is stored in needles, making them potentially more vulnerable to herbivory. In eastern forests of the USA, the long-lived, foundational conifer eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is under the threat of extirpation by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA: Adelges tsugae). We assessed the impact of HWA infestation on the patterns of seasonal foliar N availability in hemlock planted in a deciduous forest understory. Over the course of a year, we sampled needles and twigs and measured N, carbon (C), C:N ratio, and total protein concentrations. Tissue sampling events were timed to coincide with key life-history transitions for HWA to determine the association between HWA development and feeding with these foliar nutrients. In uninfested trees, needle and twig N concentrations fluctuated across seasons, indicating the potential importance of N storage and remobilization for the N economy of eastern hemlock. Although N levels in HWA-infested trees also cycled annually, the degree to which N concentrations fluctuated seasonally in tissues was significantly affected by HWA feeding. These fluctuations exceeded N levels observed in control trees and coincided with HWA feeding. HWA feeding generally increased N concentrations but did not affect protein levels, suggesting that changes in N do not occur via adelgid-induced protein breakdown. Herbivore-induced mobilization of N to feeding sites and its rapid depletion may be a significant contributor to eastern hemlock mortality in US forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N. Schaeffer
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Present address: Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Nicole E. Soltis
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Aden L. Brown
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sara Gómez
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Evan L. Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Colin M. Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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47
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Goodale CL. Multiyear fate of a 15 N tracer in a mixed deciduous forest: retention, redistribution, and differences by mycorrhizal association. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:867-880. [PMID: 27564989 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on forest ecosystems depends in large part on its fate. Past tracer studies show that litter and soils dominate the short-term fate of added 15 N, yet few have examined its longer term dynamics or differences among forest types. This study examined the fate of a 15 N-NO3- tracer over 5-6 years in a mixed deciduous stand that was evenly composed of trees with ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. The tracer was expected to slowly mineralize from its main initial fate in litter and surface soil, with some 15 N moving to trees, some to deeper soil, and some net losses. Recovery of added 15 N in trees and litterfall totaled 11.3% both 1 and 5-6 years after the tracer addition, as 15 N redistributed from fine and especially coarse roots into cumulative litterfall and small accumulations in woody tissues. Estimates of potential carbon sequestration from tree 15 N recovery amounted to 12-14 kg C per kg of N deposition. Tree 15 N acquisition occurred within the first year after the tracer addition, with no subsequent additional net transfer of 15 N from detrital to plant pools. In both years, ectomycorrhizal trees gained 50% more of the tracer than did trees with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Much of the 15 N recovered in wood occurred in tree rings formed prior to the 15 N addition, demonstrating the mobility of N in wood. Tracer recovery rapidly decreased over time in surface litter material and accumulated in both shallow and deep soil, perhaps through mixing by earthworms. Overall, results showed redistribution of tracer 15 N through trees and surface soils without any losses, as whole-ecosystem recovery remained constant between 1 and 5-6 years at 70% of the 15 N addition. These results demonstrate the persistent ecosystem retention of N deposition even as it redistributes, without additional plant uptake over this timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Goodale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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48
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Zak DR, Freedman ZB, Upchurch RA, Steffens M, Kögel-Knabner I. Anthropogenic N deposition increases soil organic matter accumulation without altering its biochemical composition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:933-944. [PMID: 27562874 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that future rates of atmospheric N deposition have the potential to increase soil C storage by reducing the decay of plant litter and soil organic matter (SOM). Although the microbial mechanism underlying this response is not well understood, a decline in decay could alter the amount, as well as biochemical composition of SOM. Here, we used size-density fractionation and solid-state 13 C-NMR spectroscopy to explore the extent to which declines in microbial decay in a long-term (ca. 20 yrs.) N deposition experiment have altered the biochemical composition of forest floor, bulk mineral soil, as well as free and occluded particulate organic matter. Significant amounts of organic matter have accumulated in occluded particulate organic matter (~20%; oPOM); however, experimental N deposition had not altered the abundance of carboxyl, aryl, alkyl, or O/N-alkyl C in forest floor, bulk mineral soil, or any soil fraction. These observations suggest that biochemically equivalent organic matter has accumulated in oPOM at a greater rate under experimental N deposition, relative to the ambient treatment. Although we do not understand the process by which experimental N deposition has fostered the occlusion of organic matter by mineral soil particles, our results highlight the importance of interactions among the products of microbial decay and the chemical and physical properties of silt and clay particles that occlude organic matter from microbial attack. Because oPOM can reside in soils for decades to centuries, organic matter accumulating under future rates of anthropogenic N deposition could remain in soil for long periods of time. If temperate forest soils in the Northern Hemisphere respond like those in our experiment, then unabated deposition of anthropogenic N from the atmosphere has the potential to foster greater soil C storage, especially in fine-texture forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Zak
- School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zachary B Freedman
- School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rima A Upchurch
- School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Markus Steffens
- Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Department für Ökologie und Ökosystemmanagement, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85350, Germany
| | - Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
- Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Department für Ökologie und Ökosystemmanagement, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85350, Germany
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49
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Xia M, Talhelm AF, Pregitzer KS. Chronic nitrogen deposition influences the chemical dynamics of leaf litter and fine roots during decomposition. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 112:24-34. [PMID: 31178608 PMCID: PMC6550334 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition induces a forest carbon sink across broad parts of the Northern Hemisphere; this carbon sink may partly result from slower litter decomposition. Although microbial responses to experimental nitrogen deposition have been well-studied, evidence linking these microbial responses to changes in the degradation of specific compounds in decaying litter is sparse. We used wet chemistry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods to study effects of chronic simulated nitrogen deposition on leaf litter and fine root chemistry during a three-year decomposition experiment at four northern hardwood forests in the north-central USA. Leaf litter and fine roots were highly different in initial chemistry, such as concentrations of acid-insoluble fraction (AIF, or Klason lignin) and condensed tannins (CTs). These initial differences persisted over the course of decomposition. Gravimetrically-defined AIF and lignin/carbohydrate reference IR peak ratios both provide evidence that lignin in fine roots was selectively preserved under simulated nitrogen deposition. Lignin/carbohydrate peak ratios were strongly correlated with AIF, suggesting that AIF is a good predictor of lignin. Because AIF is abundant in fine roots, slower AIF degradation was the major driver of the slower fine root decomposition under nitrogen enrichment, explaining 73.5% of the additional root mass retention. Nitrogen enrichment also slowed the loss of CTs and proteins in fine roots. Nitrogen additions initially slowed the loss of AIF, CTs, and proteins in leaf litter, which was comparatively low in AIF, but these effects disappeared at the later stage and did not affect leaf litter mass loss during the experiment. Our results suggest that decomposition of chemical classes subject to oxidative degradation, such as lignin and CTs, is generally inhibited by nitrogen enrichment; but whether this inhibition eventually slows litter mass loss and leads to organic matter accumulation depends on the initial quantities of these classes in litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xia
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
| | - Alan F. Talhelm
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, National
Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kurt S. Pregitzer
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow,
ID 83844, USA
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50
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Interactive Effects of Vegetation Type and Topographic Position on Nitrogen Availability and Loss in a Temperate Montane Ecosystem. Ecosystems 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-0094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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