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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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2
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Mittra I. Exploiting the damaging effects of ROS for therapeutic use by deactivating cell-free chromatin: the alchemy of resveratrol and copper. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345786. [PMID: 38455966 PMCID: PMC10917901 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that circulate in blood, or those that are released locally from dying cells, have myriad pathological effects. They can horizontally transfer themselves into healthy cells to induce DNA damage and activate inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. It has been proposed that repeated and lifelong assault on healthy cells by cfChPs may be the underlying cause of ageing and multiple age related disorders including cancer. The damaging effects of cfChPs can be minimized by deactivating them via the medium of ROS generated by admixing the nutraceuticals resveratrol (R) and copper (Cu). The antioxidant R acts as a pro-oxidant in the presence of Cu by its ability to catalyse the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) with the generation of ROS via a Fenton-like reaction which can deactivate extra-cellular cfChPs. This perspective article explores the possibility of using the damaging potential of ROS for therapeutic purposes. It discusses the ability of ROS generating nutraceuticals R-Cu to deactivate the extracellular cfChPs without damaging effects on the genomic DNA. As cfChPs play a key role in activation of various disease associated pathways, R-Cu mediated deactivation of these pathways may open up multiple novel avenues for therapy. These findings have considerable translational implications which deserve further investigation by the way of well-designed randomised clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, India
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3
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Raghuram GV, Pal K, Sriram G, Khan A, Joshi R, Jadhav V, Shinde S, Shaikh A, Rane B, Kangne H, Mittra I. Therapeutic interventions on human breast cancer xenografts promote systemic dissemination of oncogenes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298042. [PMID: 38346047 PMCID: PMC10861051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination following successful treatment of the primary tumour remains a common cause of death. There is mounting evidence that therapeutic interventions themselves may promote development of metastatic disease. We earlier reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) released from dying cancer cells are potentially oncogenic. Based on this observation we hypothesized that therapeutic interventions may lead to the release of cfChPs from therapy induced dying cancer cells which could be carried via the blood stream to distant organs to transform healthy cells into new cancers that would masquerade as metastasis. To test this hypothesis, we generated xenografts of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in severe combined immune-deficient mice, and using immuno-fluorescence and FISH analysis looked for cfChPs in their brain cells. We detected multiple human DNA signals representing cfChPs in nuclei of brain cells of mice which co-localized with eight human onco-proteins. No intact MDA-MB-231 cells were detected. The number of co-localizing human DNA and human c-Myc signals increased dramatically following treatment with chemotherapy, localized radiotherapy or surgery, which could be prevented by concurrent treatment with three different cfChPs deactivating agents. These results suggest that therapeutic interventions lead to the release cfChPs from therapy induced dying cancer cells carrying oncogenes and are transported via the blood stream to brain cells to potentially transform them to generate new cancers that would appear as metastases. cfChPs induced metastatic spread of cancer is preventable by concurrent treatment with agents that deactivate cfChPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorantla V. Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Sriram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Afzal Khan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ruchi Joshi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishalkumar Jadhav
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushma Shinde
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Alfina Shaikh
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhagyeshri Rane
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Harshada Kangne
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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4
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Wang H, Chang TS, Dombroski BA, Cheng PL, Patil V, Valiente-Banuet L, Farrell K, Mclean C, Molina-Porcel L, Rajput A, De Deyn PP, Bastard NL, Gearing M, Kaat LD, Swieten JCV, Dopper E, Ghetti BF, Newell KL, Troakes C, de Yébenes JG, Rábano-Gutierrez A, Meller T, Oertel WH, Respondek G, Stamelou M, Arzberger T, Roeber S, Müller U, Hopfner F, Pastor P, Brice A, Durr A, Ber IL, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Hazrati LN, Litvan I, Rademakers R, Ross OA, Galasko D, Boxer AL, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Deerlin VMV, Lee EB, White CL, Morris H, de Silva R, Crary JF, Goate AM, Friedman JS, Leung YY, Coppola G, Naj AC, Wang LS, Dickson DW, Höglinger GU, Schellenberg GD, Geschwind DH, Lee WP. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis Reveals New Susceptibility Loci and Structural Variants Associated with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.12.28.23300612. [PMID: 38234807 PMCID: PMC10793533 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.28.23300612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of aggregated tau proteins in astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Previous genome-wide association studies for PSP were based on genotype array, therefore, were inadequate for the analysis of rare variants as well as larger mutations, such as small insertions/deletions (indels) and structural variants (SVs). Method In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) and conducted association analysis for single nucleotide variants (SNVs), indels, and SVs, in a cohort of 1,718 cases and 2,944 controls of European ancestry. Of the 1,718 PSP individuals, 1,441 were autopsy-confirmed and 277 were clinically diagnosed. Results Our analysis of common SNVs and indels confirmed known genetic loci at MAPT, MOBP, STX6, SLCO1A2, DUSP10, and SP1, and further uncovered novel signals in APOE, FCHO1/MAP1S, KIF13A, TRIM24, TNXB, and ELOVL1. Notably, in contrast to Alzheimer's disease (AD), we observed the APOE ε2 allele to be the risk allele in PSP. Analysis of rare SNVs and indels identified significant association in ZNF592 and further gene network analysis identified a module of neuronal genes dysregulated in PSP. Moreover, seven common SVs associated with PSP were observed in the H1/H2 haplotype region (17q21.31) and other loci, including IGH, PCMT1, CYP2A13, and SMCP. In the H1/H2 haplotype region, there is a burden of rare deletions and duplications (P = 6.73×10-3) in PSP. Conclusions Through WGS, we significantly enhanced our understanding of the genetic basis of PSP, providing new targets for exploring disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S Chang
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Po-Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vishakha Patil
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leopoldo Valiente-Banuet
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Department of Pathology, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Nash Family, Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain, Institute, Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Victorian Brain Bank, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit. Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Fundació Recerca Clínic Barcelona (FRCB). Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Elise Dopper
- Netherlands Brain Bank and Erasmus University, Netherlands
| | - Bernardino F Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Claire Troakes
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alberto Rábano-Gutierrez
- Fundación CIEN (Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Neurológicas) - Centro Alzheimer Fundación Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Gesine Respondek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
- European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Franziska Hopfner
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurosciences, The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Willian W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vivanna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles L White
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Huw Morris
- Departmento of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Nash Family, Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain, Institute, Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Friedman
- Friedman Bioventure, Inc., Del Mar, CA, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wan-Ping Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Raghuram GV, Tripathy BK, Avadhani K, Shabrish S, Khare NK, Lopes R, Pal K, Mittra I. Cell-free chromatin particles released from dying cells inflict mitochondrial damage and ROS production in living cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:30. [PMID: 38225229 PMCID: PMC10789803 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage and the resultant oxidative stress are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, and cancer. However, the triggers of mitochondrial damage remain unclear. We previously reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) released from the billions of cells that die in the body every day can readily enter healthy cells and damage their DNA. Here, we show that cfChPs isolated from the sera of healthy individuals, when applied to NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, cause physical damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). cfChPs also induce ultrastructural changes, increase mitochondrial mass, alter mitochondrial shape, upregulate mitochondrial outer membrane protein translocase of the outer membrane 20, and change mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, a marked increase was observed in mitochondrial superoxide (ROS) production, as detected by MitoSOX Red, and intracellular superoxide dismutase-1 activation. ROS production was also activated when a conditioned medium containing cfChPs released from hypoxia-induced dying NIH3T3 cells was applied to healthy NIH3T3 cells. ROS activation was significantly reduced when the conditioned medium was pre-treated with three different cfChP-deactivating agents: anti-histone antibody-complexed nanoparticles, DNase I, and the novel pro-oxidant combination of the nutraceuticals resveratrol and copper. Given that 1 × 109-1 × 1012 cells die in the body every day, we hypothesise that cfChPs from dying cells are the major physiological triggers for mtDNA damage and ROS production. Deactivation of cfChPs may provide a novel therapeutic approach to retard ageing and associated degenerative conditions linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorantla V Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Bhabesh Kumar Tripathy
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kartikeya Avadhani
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Snehal Shabrish
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Relestina Lopes
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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6
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Shabrish S, Pal K, Khare NK, Satsangi D, Pilankar A, Jadhav V, Shinde S, Raphael N, Sriram G, Lopes R, Raghuram GV, Tandel H, Mittra I. Cell-free chromatin particles released from dying cancer cells activate immune checkpoints in human lymphocytes: implications for cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1331491. [PMID: 38274821 PMCID: PMC10808321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1331491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is the exciting breakthrough in cancer, but how immune checkpoints are activated is unknown. We have earlier reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that circulate in blood of cancer patients, or those that are released locally from dying cancer cells, are readily internalized by healthy cells with biological consequences. Here we report that treatment of human lymphocytes with cfChPs isolated from sera of cancer patients led to marked activation of the immune checkpoints PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, NKG2A, and TIM-3. This finding was corroborated in vivo in splenocytes of mice when cfChPs were injected intravenously. Significant upregulation of immune checkpoint was also observed when isolated lymphocytes were exposed to conditioned medium containing cfChPs released from hypoxia-induced dying HeLa cells. Immune checkpoint activation could be down-regulated by pre-treating the conditioned media with three different cfChPs deactivating agents. Down-regulation of immune checkpoints by cfChPs deactivating agents may herald a novel form of immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Shabrish
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharana Satsangi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aishwarya Pilankar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishalkumar Jadhav
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushma Shinde
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nimisha Raphael
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Sriram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Relestina Lopes
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Gorantla V. Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Harshali Tandel
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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7
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Flynn J, Ahmadi MM, McFarland CT, Kubal MD, Taylor MA, Cheng Z, Torchia EC, Edwards MG. Crowdsourcing temporal transcriptomic coronavirus host infection data: Resources, guide, and novel insights. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad033. [PMID: 38107402 PMCID: PMC10723038 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reawakened the need to rapidly understand the molecular etiologies, pandemic potential, and prospective treatments of infectious agents. The lack of existing data on SARS-CoV-2 hampered early attempts to treat severe forms of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic. This study coupled existing transcriptomic data from severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) lung infection animal studies with crowdsourcing statistical approaches to derive temporal meta-signatures of host responses during early viral accumulation and subsequent clearance stages. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning approaches identified top dysregulated genes and potential biomarkers (e.g. CXCL10, BEX2, and ADM). Temporal meta-signatures revealed distinct gene expression programs with biological implications to a series of host responses underlying sustained Cxcl10 expression and Stat signaling. Cell cycle switched from G1/G0 phase genes, early in infection, to a G2/M gene signature during late infection that correlated with the enrichment of DNA damage response and repair genes. The SARS-CoV-1 meta-signatures were shown to closely emulate human SARS-CoV-2 host responses from emerging RNAseq, single cell, and proteomics data with early monocyte-macrophage activation followed by lymphocyte proliferation. The circulatory hormone adrenomedullin was observed as maximally elevated in elderly patients who died from COVID-19. Stage-specific correlations to compounds with potential to treat COVID-19 and future coronavirus infections were in part validated by a subset of twenty-four that are in clinical trials to treat COVID-19. This study represents a roadmap to leverage existing data in the public domain to derive novel molecular and biological insights and potential treatments to emerging human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Illumina Corporation, San Diego, CA 92122, United States
| | - Mehdi M Ahmadi
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | | | | | - Mark A Taylor
- Bioinfo Solutions LLC, Parker, CO 80134, United States
| | - Zhang Cheng
- Illumina Corporation, San Diego, CA 92122, United States
| | - Enrique C Torchia
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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8
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Li W, Nakano H, Fan W, Li Y, Sil P, Nakano K, Zhao F, Karmaus PW, Grimm SA, Shi M, Xu X, Mizuta R, Kitamura D, Wan Y, Fessler MB, Cook DN, Shats I, Li X, Li L. DNASE1L3 enhances antitumor immunity and suppresses tumor progression in colon cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168161. [PMID: 37581941 PMCID: PMC10544201 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DNASE1L3, an enzyme highly expressed in DCs, is functionally important for regulating autoimmune responses to self-DNA and chromatin. Deficiency of DNASE1L3 leads to development of autoimmune diseases in both humans and mice. However, despite the well-established causal relationship between DNASE1L3 and immunity, little is known about the involvement of DNASE1L3 in regulation of antitumor immunity, the foundation of modern antitumor immunotherapy. In this study, we identify DNASE1L3 as a potentially new regulator of antitumor immunity and a tumor suppressor in colon cancer. In humans, DNASE1L3 is downregulated in tumor-infiltrating DCs, and this downregulation is associated with poor patient prognosis and reduced tumor immune cell infiltration in many cancer types. In mice, Dnase1l3 deficiency in the tumor microenvironment enhances tumor formation and growth in several colon cancer models. Notably, the increased tumor formation and growth in Dnase1l3-deficient mice are associated with impaired antitumor immunity, as evidenced by a substantial reduction of cytotoxic T cells and a unique subset of DCs. Consistently, Dnase1l3-deficient DCs directly modulate cytotoxic T cells in vitro. To our knowledge, our study unveils a previously unknown link between DNASE1L3 and antitumor immunity and further suggests that restoration of DNASE1L3 activity may represent a potential therapeutic approach for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch
- Signal Transduction Laboratory
| | | | - Wei Fan
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch
- Signal Transduction Laboratory
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch
| | - Payel Sil
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch
| | | | - Fei Zhao
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory
| | | | | | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch
| | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryushin Mizuta
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yisong Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch
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9
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Haque M, Shakil MS, Mahmud KM. The Promise of Nanoparticles-Based Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061892. [PMID: 36980778 PMCID: PMC10047050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation has been utilized for a long time for the treatment of cancer patients. However, radiotherapy (RT) has many constraints, among which non-selectivity is the primary one. The implementation of nanoparticles (NPs) with RT not only localizes radiation in targeted tissue but also provides significant tumoricidal effect(s) compared to radiation alone. NPs can be functionalized with both biomolecules and therapeutic agents, and their combination significantly reduces the side effects of RT. NP-based RT destroys cancer cells through multiple mechanisms, including ROS generation, which in turn damages DNA and other cellular organelles, inhibiting of the DNA double-strand damage-repair system, obstructing of the cell cycle, regulating of the tumor microenvironment, and killing of cancer stem cells. Furthermore, such combined treatments overcome radioresistance and drug resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, NP-based RT in combined treatments have shown synergistic therapeutic benefit(s) and enhanced the therapeutic window. Furthermore, a combination of phototherapy, i.e., photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy with NP-based RT, not only reduces phototoxicity but also offers excellent therapeutic benefits. Moreover, using NPs with RT has shown promise in cancer treatment and shown excellent therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials. Therefore, extensive research in this field will pave the way toward improved RT in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munima Haque
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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A pro-oxidant combination of resveratrol and copper reduces chemotherapy-related non-haematological toxicities in advanced gastric cancer: results of a prospective open label phase II single-arm study (RESCU III study). MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:17. [PMID: 36372825 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that chemotherapy toxicity is primarily not due to the drugs themselves, but is caused by cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that are released from chemotherapy-induced dying cells. cfChPs from dying cells are readily internalized by healthy cells, wherein they inflict dsDNA breaks and activate inflammatory cytokines. cfChPs can be deactivated by oxygen radicals that are generated upon admixing the nutraceuticals resveratrol (R) and copper (Cu). Pre-clinical studies have shown that administration of R-Cu can reduce chemotherapy toxicity via the generation of oxygen radicals which deactivate cfChPs released from chemotherapy-induced dying cells. We investigated if R-Cu would reduce toxicity of docetaxel-based multi-agent chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. This single-arm phase II study was designed to assess the efficacy of orally administered R-Cu in ameliorating toxic side effects, as per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03, in patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving docetaxel-based multi-agent chemotherapy. The primary objective was to reduce the proportion of patients experiencing grade ≥ 3 toxicity from 90 to 70%. Between October 2019 and April 2021, 30 patients, with a median age of 54 years, were enrolled of whom 73% were male. R-Cu treatment did not reduce the overall cumulative incidence of grade ≥ 3 toxicity (77%), or of ≥ 3 haematological toxicity (73%). However, the incidence of non-haematological toxicities comprising hand-foot syndrome (N = 4), diarrhoea (N = 3) and vomiting (N = 1) were markedly reduced (13%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 months (95% CI: 5.9-10.1), and overall survival (OS) was 16 months (95% confidence interval: 6.3-28.3). A marked reduction in non-haematological toxicities was seen in patients receiving R-Cu compared to historical data without adversely affecting PFS or OS. (292).Clinical trial information CTRI/2019/07/020289.
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11
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Pilankar A, Singhavi H, Raghuram GV, Siddiqui S, Khare NK, Jadhav V, Tandel H, Pal K, Bhattacharjee A, Chaturvedi P, Mittra I. A pro-oxidant combination of resveratrol and copper down-regulates hallmarks of cancer and immune checkpoints in patients with advanced oral cancer: Results of an exploratory study (RESCU 004). Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000957. [PMID: 36185249 PMCID: PMC9525028 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our earlier studies have shown that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that are released from dying cancer cells are readily internalised by bystander cells leading to activation of two hallmarks of cancer viz. genome instability and inflammation. These hallmarks could be down-regulated by deactivating cfChPs via medium of oxygen radicals generated upon admixing small quantities of the nutraceuticals resveratrol (R) and copper (Cu). In this exploratory study, we investigated whether oral administration of R and Cu (R-Cu) would down-regulate the hallmarks of cancer and immune checkpoints in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (OSCC). Patients and methods The study comprised of 25 patients divided into 5 equal groups. Five patients acted as controls; the remaining 20 were given R-Cu in four escalating doses. The lowest dose of R-Cu was 5.6mg and 560ng respectively, and the highest dose was 500mg and 5mg respectively. An initial biopsy was taken from patients at first presentation, and a second biopsy was taken 2 weeks later on the operating table. R-Cu was administered orally twice daily in the intervening period. Confocal microscopy was performed on tumour sections after fluorescent immuno-staining with anti-DNA and anti-histone antibodies to detect presence of cfChPs in the tumour micro-environment (TME). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed for 23 biomarkers representing the 10 Hallmarks of cancer, including 5 immune checkpoints, defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. Results Confocal microscopy detected copious presence of cfChPs in TME of OSCC, which were eradicated/deactivated following two-week treatment with R-Cu. Eradication of cfChPs from TME was associated with marked down-regulation of 21/23 biomarkers, including the five immune checkpoints. The lower two doses of R-Cu were more effective than the higher doses. No adverse effects attributable to R-Cu were observed. Conclusion These results suggest that cfChPs released into TME from dying cancer cells are global instigators for cancer hallmarks and immune checkpoints in surviving cancer cells. The ability of R-Cu to deactivate cfChPs raises the prospect of a novel and non-toxic form of cancer treatment which sans killing of cancer cells, and instead induces healing by down-regulating cancer hallmarks and immune check-points. Clinical Trial Registration http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19801&EncHid=&userName=CTRI/2018/03/012459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Pilankar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Hitesh Singhavi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Gorantla V. Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sophiya Siddiqui
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishalkumar Jadhav
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Harshali Tandel
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Section of Biostatistics, Tata Memorial Centre, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Indraneel Mittra,
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12
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New Perspectives on the Importance of Cell-Free DNA Biology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092147. [PMID: 36140548 PMCID: PMC9497998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids are constantly replenished with a population of genetically diverse cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments, representing a vast reservoir of information reflecting real-time changes in the host and metagenome. As many body fluids can be collected non-invasively in a one-off and serial fashion, this reservoir can be tapped to develop assays for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of wide-ranging pathologies, such as solid tumors, fetal genetic abnormalities, rejected organ transplants, infections, and potentially many others. The translation of cfDNA research into useful clinical tests is gaining momentum, with recent progress being driven by rapidly evolving preanalytical and analytical procedures, integrated bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms. Yet, despite these spectacular advances, cfDNA remains a very challenging analyte due to its immense heterogeneity and fluctuation in vivo. It is increasingly recognized that high-fidelity reconstruction of the information stored in cfDNA, and in turn the development of tests that are fit for clinical roll-out, requires a much deeper understanding of both the physico-chemical features of cfDNA and the biological, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors that modulate it. This is a daunting task, but with significant upsides. In this review we showed how expanded knowledge on cfDNA biology and faithful reverse-engineering of cfDNA samples promises to (i) augment the sensitivity and specificity of existing cfDNA assays; (ii) expand the repertoire of disease-specific cfDNA markers, thereby leading to the development of increasingly powerful assays; (iii) reshape personal molecular medicine; and (iv) have an unprecedented impact on genetics research.
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13
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Chulpanova DS, Pukhalskaia TV, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Contribution of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Malignant Transformation of Normal Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060245. [PMID: 35735488 PMCID: PMC9220176 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to carry biologically active molecules of parental cells, which can actively modulate the tumor microenvironment. EVs produced by tumor cells play significant roles in the development and maintenance of tumor growth, metastasis, immune escape, and other important processes. However, the ability of EVs to induce the transformation of normal cells has hardly been investigated. This review discusses studies that describe the ability of tumor-cell-derived EVs to alter the metabolism and morphology of normal cells, causing changes associated with malignant transformation. Additionally, the horizontal transfer of oncogenes through EVs of tumor cells and the induction of epigenetic changes in normal cells, which leads to genomic instability and subsequent oncogenic transformation of normal cells, are also discussed.
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14
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Agarwal A, Khandelwal A, Pal K, Khare NK, Jadhav V, Gurjar M, Punatar S, Gokarn A, Bonda A, Nayak L, Kannan S, Gota V, Khattry N, Mittra I. A novel pro-oxidant combination of resveratrol and copper reduces transplant related toxicities in patients receiving high dose melphalan for multiple myeloma (RESCU 001). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262212. [PMID: 35120140 PMCID: PMC8815866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transplant related toxicity is a major therapeutic challenge. We have previously reported that the toxicity of chemotherapy is largely not directly because of the drugs themselves; rather it is mainly due to DNA damage, apoptosis and hyper-inflammation triggered by cell-free chromatin particles that are released because of drug-induced host cell death. Cell-free chromatin particles can be inactivated by free-radicals which are generated when the nutraceuticals resveratrol and copper are administered orally. We investigated if a combination of resveratrol and copper would reduce transplant related toxicities in an exploratory, prospective dose-escalation study. Patients and methods Twenty-five patients with multiple myeloma were enrolled between March 2017 to August 2019. Patients were divided into 3 groups: control (Group 1, N = 5) received vehicle alone; group 2 (N = 15) received resveratrol-copper at dose level I (resveratrol = 5.6 mg and copper = 560 ng); group 3 (N = 5) received resveratrol-copper at dose level II (resveratrol = 50 mg and copper = 5 μg). The dose was given twice daily with the first dose administered 48 hours before administering melphalan and continued until day +21 post-transplant. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.02 was used to assess toxicities which included oral mucositis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Measurement of inflammatory cytokines was done by ELISA. Results All patients (100%) in the control group developed grade 3/4 oral mucositis compared to 8/20 (40%) in both resveratrol-copper group 2 plus group 3 combined (P = 0.039). Reduction in inflammatory cytokines: salivary TNF - α (p = 0.012) and IL—1β (p = 0.009) in dose level I but not in dose level II was observed. Conclusions A combination of resveratrol-copper reduced transplant related toxicities in patients with multiple myeloma receiving high dose melphalan. We conclude that relatively inexpensive nutraceuticals may be useful as adjuncts to chemotherapy to reduce its toxicity. Registration The trial was registered under Clinical Trial Registry of India (no.CTRI/2018/02/011905).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Agarwal
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aakanksha Khandelwal
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal Jadhav
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Murarilal Gurjar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Punatar
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anant Gokarn
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Bonda
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lingaraj Nayak
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biostatistics, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
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15
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Manolakou T, Verginis P, Boumpas DT. DNA Damage Response in the Adaptive Arm of the Immune System: Implications for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115842. [PMID: 34072535 PMCID: PMC8198144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In complex environments, cells have developed molecular responses to confront threats against the genome and achieve the maintenance of genomic stability assuring the transfer of undamaged DNA to their progeny. DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms may be activated upon genotoxic or environmental agents, such as cytotoxic drugs or ultraviolet (UV) light, and during physiological processes requiring DNA transactions, to restore DNA alterations that may cause cellular malfunction and affect viability. In addition to the DDR, multicellular organisms have evolved specialized immune cells to respond and defend against infections. Both adaptive and innate immune cells are subjected to DDR processes, either as a prerequisite to the immune response, or as a result of random endogenous and exogenous insults. Aberrant DDR activities have been extensively studied in the immune cells of the innate arm, but not in adaptive immune cells. Here, we discuss how the aberrant DDR may lead to autoimmunity, with emphasis on the adaptive immune cells and the potential of therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T. Boumpas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Joint Rheumatology Program, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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16
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Ungerer V, Bronkhorst AJ, Van den Ackerveken P, Herzog M, Holdenrieder S. Serial profiling of cell-free DNA and nucleosome histone modifications in cell cultures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9460. [PMID: 33947882 PMCID: PMC8096822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in basic research have unveiled several strategies for improving the sensitivity and specificity of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) based assays, which is a prerequisite for broadening its clinical use. Included among these strategies is leveraging knowledge of both the biogenesis and physico-chemical properties of cfDNA towards the identification of better disease-defining features and optimization of methods. While good progress has been made on this front, much of cfDNA biology remains uncharted. Here, we correlated serial measurements of cfDNA size, concentration and nucleosome histone modifications with various cellular parameters, including cell growth rate, viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle phase in three different cell lines. Collectively, the picture emerged that temporal changes in cfDNA levels are rather irregular and not the result of constitutive release from live cells. Instead, changes in cfDNA levels correlated with intermittent cell death events, wherein apoptosis contributed more to cfDNA release in non-cancer cells and necrosis more in cancer cells. Interestingly, the presence of a ~ 3 kbp cfDNA population, which is often deemed to originate from accidental cell lysis or active release, was found to originate from necrosis. High-resolution analysis of this cfDNA population revealed an underlying DNA laddering pattern consisting of several oligo-nucleosomes, identical to those generated by apoptosis. This suggests that necrosis may contribute significantly to the pool of mono-nucleosomal cfDNA fragments that are generally interrogated for cancer mutational profiling. Furthermore, since active steps are often taken to exclude longer oligo-nucleosomes from clinical biospecimens and subsequent assays this raises the question of whether important pathological information is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Ungerer
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | - Abel J Bronkhorst
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marielle Herzog
- Belgian Volition SRL, 22 Rue Phocas Lejeune, Parc Scientifique Crealys, 5032, Isnes, Belgium
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636, Munich, Germany.
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17
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Rao MVV, Juneja A, Maulik M, Adhikari T, Sharma S, Gupta J, Panchal Y, Yadav N. Emerging trends from COVID-19 research registered in the Clinical Trials Registry - India. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:26-63. [PMID: 33818466 PMCID: PMC8184082 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2556_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the year, the deadly coronavirus pandemic, better known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), brought the entire world to an unprecedented halt. In tandem with the global scenario, researchers in India are actively engaged in the conduct of clinical research to counter the pandemic. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 research in India including design aspects, through the clinical trials registered in the Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) till June 5, 2020. One hundred and twenty two registered trials on COVID-19 were extracted from the CTRI database. These trials were categorized into modern medicine (n=42), traditional medicine (n=67) and miscellaneous (n=13). Of the 42 modern medicine trials, 28 were on repurposed drugs, used singly (n=24) or in combination (n=4). Of these 28 trials, 23 were to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy in different severities of the disease. There were nine registered trials on cell- and plasma-based therapies, two phytopharmaceutical trials and three vaccine trials. The traditional medicine trials category majorly comprised Ayurveda (n=45), followed by homeopathy (n=14) and others (n=8) from Yoga, Siddha and Unani. Among the traditional medicine category, 31 trials were prophylactic and 36 were therapeutic, mostly conducted on asymptomatic or mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. This review would showcase the research being conducted on COVID-19 in the country and highlight the research gaps to steer further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atul Juneja
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohua Maulik
- Clinical Trials Registry-India, ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulsi Adhikari
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Gupta
- Clinical Trials Registry-India, ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashmin Panchal
- Clinical Trials Registry-India, ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Yadav
- Clinical Trials Registry-India, ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
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18
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Shabrish S, Mittra I. Cytokine Storm as a Cellular Response to dsDNA Breaks: A New Proposal. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622738. [PMID: 33597956 PMCID: PMC7882731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of cytokine storm is poorly understood. In this article we propose a new mechanism and suggest innovative therapeutic avenues for its prevention. We have reported that particles of cell-free chromatin (cfCh) that are released from the billions of cells that die in the body everyday can illegitimately integrate into genomes of healthy cells to trigger dsDNA breaks. The latter leads to apoptosis and/or intense activation of inflammatory cytokines in the affected cells. We hypothesise that a similar phenomenon of dsDNA breaks and inflammation is involved in cytokine storm. The abundant cfCh particles that are released from dying host cells following viral/microbial invasion initiate a cascading effect of more cell death resulting in a vicious cycle of further DNA damage, apoptosis and hyper-inflammation which culminate in cytokine storm. We propose that this unrelenting vicious cycle of cellular DNA damage and cytokine storm may be the underlying cause of high mortality from severe COVID-19. We discuss results of our preclinical studies wherein we have shown that endotoxin induced cytokine storm in mice can be reversed by three different agents that have the ability to inactivate cfCh. These agents may be worthy of investigation in clinical trials to reduce mortality from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Shabrish
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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19
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A New Perspective on the Origin of DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Its Implications for Ageing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020163. [PMID: 33530310 PMCID: PMC7912064 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 10-50 DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur in a nucleated human cell per cell cycle. We reviewed the present state of knowledge and hypothesized that the currently accepted mechanisms cannot explain such high frequency of DSBs occurring daily under normal physiological conditions. We propose an alternative model that implicates illegitimate genomic integration into healthy cells of cell-free chromatin (cfCh) particles released from the billions of cells that die in the body every day. Repeated genomic integration of cfCh may have catastrophic consequences for the cell, such as DSBs, their faulty repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) followed by apoptosis with release of more cfCh which would integrate into genomes of surrounding cells. This can creates a vicious cycle of cfCh integration, DSBs, NHEJ, and more apoptosis, thereby providing a potential explanation as to why so many billions of cells die in the body on a daily basis. We also recount the recent observation that cfCh integration and the resulting DSBs activate inflammatory cytokines. This leads us to propose that concurrent DSBs and induction of inflammation occurring throughout life may be the underlying cause of ageing, degenerative disorders, and cancer. Finally, we discuss the prospect that agents that can inactivate/degrade cfCh may hold the key to making healthy ageing a realizable goal.
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20
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Du Y, Du S, Liu L, Gan F, Jiang X, Wangrao K, Lyu P, Gong P, Yao Y. Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect can be Transmitted Through Exosomes Using miRNAs as Effector Molecules. Radiat Res 2020; 194:89-100. [PMID: 32343639 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is a destructive reaction in nonirradiated cells and is one primary factor in determining the efficacy and success of radiation therapy in the field of cancer treatment. Previously reported studies have shown that the RIBE can be mediated by exosomes that carry miRNA components within. Exosomes, which are one type of cell-derived vesicle, exist in different biological conditions and serve as an important additional pathway for signal exchange between cells. In addition, exosome-derived miRNAs are confirmed to play an important role in RIBE, activating the bystander effect and genomic instability after radiotherapy. After investigating the field of RIBE, it is important to understand the mechanisms and consequences of biological effects as well as the role of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs therein, from different sources and under different circumstances, respectively. More discoveries could help to establish early interventions against RIBE while improving the efficacy of radiotherapy. Meanwhile, measures that would alleviate or even inhibit RIBE to some extent may exist in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shufang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feihong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoge Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaijuan Wangrao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Impact of pre-operative serum C-reactive protein and cell-free chromatin levels on tumor aggressiveness and survival outcome in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2020; 114:105078. [PMID: 33183996 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We recruited 69 consecutive patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) between January 2017 and January 2019 for this study. All patients underwent up-front surgery followed by adjuvant radio- and/or chemotherapy as indicated. Pre-operative serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cell-free chromatin (cfCh) were estimated by ELISA and post-operative histopathological features were recorded. CRP levels were significantly associated with poor histopathological features, advanced stage, bone erosion, extracapsular spread and pathological nodal status. CRP levels were not associated with survival. CfCh levels were significantly associated with bone erosion and neck nodes and patients with higher cfCh levels had significantly poor overall survival.
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22
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Origin of Genome Instability and Determinants of Mutational Landscape in Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091101. [PMID: 32967144 PMCID: PMC7563369 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome instability is a crucial and early event associated with an increased predisposition to tumor formation. In the absence of any exogenous agent, a single human cell is subjected to about 70,000 DNA lesions each day. It has now been shown that physiological cellular processes including DNA transactions during DNA replication and transcription contribute to DNA damage and induce DNA damage responses in the cell. These processes are also influenced by the three dimensional-chromatin architecture and epigenetic regulation which are altered during the malignant transformation of cells. In this review, we have discussed recent insights about how replication stress, oncogene activation, chromatin dynamics, and the illegitimate recombination of cell-free chromatin particles deregulate cellular processes in cancer cells and contribute to their evolution. The characterization of such endogenous sources of genome instability in cancer cells can be exploited for the development of new biomarkers and more effective therapies for cancer treatment.
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23
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Shemetun OV, Pilinska MA. RADIATION-INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECT - MODELING, MANIFESTATION, MECHANISMS, PERSISTENCE, CANCER RISKS (literature review). PROBLEMY RADIAT︠S︡IĬNOÏ MEDYT︠S︡YNY TA RADIOBIOLOHIÏ 2020; 24:65-92. [PMID: 31841459 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2019-24-65-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes and analyzes the data of world scientific literature and the results of the own research con- cerning one of the main non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation - the radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) - the ability of irradiated target cells to induce secondary biological changes in non-irradiated receptor cells. The his- tory of studies of this phenomenon is presented - it described under various names since 1905, began to study from the end of the twentieth century when named as RIBE and caused particular interest in the scientific community during recent decades. It is shown that the development of biological science and the improvement of research methods allowed to get new in-depth data on the development of RIBE not only at the level of the whole organism, but even at the genome level. The review highlights the key points of numerous RIBE investigations including mod- eling; methodological approaches to studying; classification; features of interaction between irradiated and intact cells; the role of the immune system, oxidative stress, cytogenetic disorders, changes in gene expression in the mechanism of development of RIBE; rescue effect, abscopal effect, persistence, modification, medical effects. It is emphasized that despite the considerable amount of research concerning the bystander response as the universal phenomenon and RIBE as one of its manifestations, there are still enough «white spots» in determining the mech- anisms of the RIBE formation and assessing the possible consequences of its development for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Shemetun
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - M A Pilinska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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24
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Miranda S, Correia M, Dias AG, Pestana A, Soares P, Nunes J, Lima J, Máximo V, Boaventura P. Evaluation of the role of mitochondria in the non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation using cybrid cellular models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6131. [PMID: 32273537 PMCID: PMC7145863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiobiology is moving towards a better understanding of the intercellular signaling that occurs upon radiation and how its effects relate to the dose applied. The mitochondrial role in orchestrating this biological response needs to be further explored. Cybrids (cytoplasmic hybrids) are useful cell models for studying the involvement of mitochondria in cellular processes. In the present study we used cybrid cell lines to investigate the role of mitochondria in the response to radiation exposure. Cybrid cell lines, derived from the osteosarcoma human cell line 143B, harboring, either wild-type mitochondrial DNA (Cy143Bwt), cells with mitochondria with mutated DNA that causes mitochondrial dysfunction (Cy143Bmut), as well as cells without mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (143B-Rho0), were irradiated with 0.2 Gy and 2.0 Gy. Evaluation of the non-targeted (or bystander) effects in non-irradiated cells were assessed by using conditioned media from the irradiated cells. DNA double stranded breaks were assessed with the γH2AX assay. Both directly irradiated cells and cells treated with the conditioned media, showed increased DNA damage. The effect of the irradiated cells media was different according to the cell line it derived from: from Cy143Bwt cells irradiated with 0.2 Gy (low dose) and from Cy143Bmut irradiated with 2.0 Gy (high dose) induced highest DNA damage. Notably, media obtained from cells without mtDNA, the143B-Rho0 cell line, produced no effect in DNA damage. These results point to a possible role of mitochondria in the radiation-induced non-targeted effects. Furthermore, it indicates that cybrid models are valuable tools for radiobiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Miranda
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Radiotherapy Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Correia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela G Dias
- Medical Physics Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group. Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pestana
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Nunes
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Máximo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Boaventura
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal.
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25
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Baghban R, Roshangar L, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Jaymand M, Kolahian S, Javaheri T, Zare P. Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:59. [PMID: 32264958 PMCID: PMC7140346 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 784] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to stimulate the heterogeneity of cancer cell, clonal evolution and to increase the multidrug resistance ending in cancer cell progression and metastasis. The reciprocal cell-cell/ECM interaction and tumor cell hijacking of non-malignant cells force stromal cells to lose their function and acquire new phenotypes that promote development and invasion of tumor cells. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these interactions can be used as a novel strategy to indirectly disrupt cancer cell interplay and contribute to the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. Furthermore, the tumor-derived circulating materials can also be used as cancer diagnostic tools to precisely predict and monitor the outcome of therapy. This review evaluates such potentials in various advanced cancer models, with a focus on 3D systems as well as lab-on-chip devices. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Baghban
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committees, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Health Informatics Lab, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Peyman Zare
- Dioscuri Center of Chromatin Biology and Epigenomics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Mittra I, Pal K, Pancholi N, Tidke P, Siddiqui S, Rane B, D’souza J, Shaikh A, Parab S, Shinde S, Jadhav V, Shende S, Raghuram GV. Cell-free chromatin particles released from dying host cells are global instigators of endotoxin sepsis in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229017. [PMID: 32130239 PMCID: PMC7055819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have earlier reported that cell-free chromatin (cfCh) particles that are released from dying cells, or those that circulate blood, can readily enter into healthy cells, illegitimately integrate into their genomes and induce dsDNA breaks, apoptosis and intense activation of inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that sepsis is caused by cfCh released from dying host cells following microbial infection leading to bystander host cell apoptosis and inflammation which are perpetuated in a vicious cycle with release of more cfCh from dying host cells. To test this hypothesis we used three cfCh inactivating agents namely 1) anti-histone antibody complexed nanoparticles which inactivate cfCh by binding to histones; 2) DNase I which inactivates cfCh by degrading its DNA component, and 3) a novel pro-oxidant combination of Resveratrol and Copper which, like DNase I, inactivates cfCh by degrading its DNA component. Female C57 BL/6 mice, 6–8 weeks old, were administered a single i.p. injection of LPS at a dose of 10 mg/Kg or 20 mg/Kg with or without concurrent treatment with the above cfCh inactivating agents. Administration of cfCh inactivating agents concurrently with LPS resulted in prevention of following pathological parameters: 1) release of cfCh in extra-cellular spaces of brain, lung and heart and in circulation; 2) release of inflammatory cytokines in circulation; 3) activation of DNA damage, apoptosis and inflammation in cells of thymus, spleen and in PBMCs; 4) DNA damage, apoptosis and inflammation in cells of lung, liver, heart, brain, kidney and small intestine; 5) liver and kidney dysfunction and elevation of serum lactate; 6) coagulopathy, fibrinolysis and thrombocytopenia; 7) lethality. We conclude that cfCh that are released from dying host cells in response to bacterial endotoxin represents a global instigator of sepsis. cfCh inactivation may provide a novel approach to management of sepsis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Namrata Pancholi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Pritishkumar Tidke
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sophiya Siddiqui
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Bhagyeshri Rane
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jenevieve D’souza
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Alfina Shaikh
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Saili Parab
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sushma Shinde
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vishal Jadhav
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Soniya Shende
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Gorantla V. Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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27
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Jiang MJ, Gu DN, Dai JJ, Huang Q, Tian L. Dark Side of Cytotoxic Therapy: Chemoradiation-Induced Cell Death and Tumor Repopulation. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:419-431. [PMID: 32348737 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated tumor repopulation following chemoradiation is often observed in the clinic, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years, dying cells caused by chemoradiation have attracted much attention, and they may manifest diverse forms of cell death and release complex factors and thus orchestrate tumor repopulation cascades. Dying cells potentiate the survival of residual living tumor cells, remodel the tumor microenvironment, boost cell proliferation, and accelerate cancer cell metastasis. Moreover, dying cells also mediate the side effects of chemoradiation. These findings suggest more caution when weighing the benefits of cytotoxic therapy and the need to accordingly develop new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dian-Na Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Juan-Juan Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Chaudhary S, Mittra I. Cell-free chromatin: A newly described mediator of systemic inflammation. J Biosci 2019; 44:32. [PMID: 31180045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that cell-free chromatin (cfCh) particles that are released from the billions of cells that die in the body everyday can enter into healthy cells, integrate into their genomes and induce dsDNA breaks and apoptotic responses. Genomic integration of cfCh activates NF κ B suggesting a novel mechanism of induction of systemic inflammation. Since DNA damage and inflammation are underlying pathologies in multiple devastating acute and chronic disease conditions, the discovery of agents that can inactivate cfCh may provide therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Chaudhary
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410 210, India
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Raghuram GV, Chaudhary S, Johari S, Mittra I. Illegitimate and Repeated Genomic Integration of Cell-Free Chromatin in the Aetiology of Somatic Mosaicism, Ageing, Chronic Diseases and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060407. [PMID: 31142004 PMCID: PMC6628102 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that an individual is a complex mosaic of genetically divergent cells. Post-zygotic genomes of the same individual can differ from one another in the form of single nucleotide variations, copy number variations, insertions, deletions, inversions, translocations, other structural and chromosomal variations and footprints of transposable elements. High-throughput sequencing has led to increasing detection of mosaicism in healthy individuals which is related to ageing, neuro-degenerative disorders, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. These age-related disorders are also known to be associated with significant increase in DNA damage and inflammation. Herein, we discuss a newly described phenomenon wherein the genome is under constant assault by illegitimate integration of cell-free chromatin (cfCh) particles that are released from the billions of cells that die in the body every day. We propose that such repeated genomic integration of cfCh followed by dsDNA breaks and repair by non-homologous-end-joining as well as physical damage to chromosomes occurring throughout life may lead to somatic/chromosomal mosaicism which would increase with age. We also discuss the recent finding that genomic integration of cfCh and the accompanying DNA damage is associated with marked activation of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the triple pathologies of somatic mosaicism, DNA/chromosomal damage and inflammation brought about by a common mechanism of genomic integration of cfCh may help to provide an unifying model for the understanding of aetiologies of the inter-related conditions of ageing, degenerative disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorantla V Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Shahid Chaudhary
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Shweta Johari
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India.
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31
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Bronkhorst AJ, Ungerer V, Holdenrieder S. The emerging role of cell-free DNA as a molecular marker for cancer management. BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION 2019; 17:100087. [PMID: 30923679 PMCID: PMC6425120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2019.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies demonstrate the potential use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a surrogate marker for multiple indications in cancer, including diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. However, harnessing the full potential of cfDNA requires (i) the optimization and standardization of preanalytical steps, (ii) refinement of current analysis strategies, and, perhaps most importantly, (iii) significant improvements in our understanding of its origin, physical properties, and dynamics in circulation. The latter knowledge is crucial for interpreting the associations between changes in the baseline characteristics of cfDNA and the clinical manifestations of cancer. In this review we explore recent advancements and highlight the current gaps in our knowledge concerning each point of contact between cfDNA analysis and the different stages of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstraße. 36, D-80636, Munich, Germany
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Mukherjee S, Chakraborty A. Radiation-induced bystander phenomenon: insight and implications in radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:243-263. [PMID: 30496010 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1547440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mukherjee
- Stress biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Stress biology Lab, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Kirolikar S, Prasannan P, Raghuram GV, Pancholi N, Saha T, Tidke P, Chaudhari P, Shaikh A, Rane B, Pandey R, Wani H, Khare NK, Siddiqui S, D'souza J, Prasad R, Shinde S, Parab S, Nair NK, Pal K, Mittra I. Prevention of radiation-induced bystander effects by agents that inactivate cell-free chromatin released from irradiated dying cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1142. [PMID: 30442925 PMCID: PMC6238009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is a poorly understood phenomenon wherein non-targeted cells exhibit effects of radiation. We have reported that cell-free chromatin (cfCh) particles that are released from dying cells can integrate into genomes of surrounding healthy cells to induce DNA damage and inflammation. This raised the possibility that RIBE might be induced by cfCh released from irradiated dying cells. When conditioned media from BrdU-labeled irradiated cells were passed through filters of pore size 0.22 µm and incubated with unexposed cells, BrdU-labeled cfCh particles could be seen to readily enter their nuclei to activate H2AX, active Caspase-3, NFκB, and IL-6. A direct relationship was observed with respect to activation of RIBE biomarkers and radiation dose in the range of 0.1-0 Gy. We confirmed by FISH and cytogenetic analysis that cfCh had stably integrated into chromosomes of bystander cells and had led to extensive chromosomal instability. The above RIBE effects could be abrogated when conditioned media were pre-treated with agents that inactivate cfCh, namely, anti-histone antibody complexed nanoparticles (CNPs), DNase I and a novel DNA degrading agent Resveratrol-copper (R-Cu). Lower hemi-body irradiation with γ-rays (0.1-50 Gy) led to activation of H2AX, active Caspase-3, NFκB, and IL-6 in brain cells in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of these RIBE biomarkers could be abrogated by concurrent treatment with CNPs, DNase I and R-Cu indicating that activation of RIBE was not due to radiation scatter to the brain. RIBE activation was seen even when mini-beam radiation was delivered to the umbilical region of mice wherein radiation scatter to brain was negligible and could be abrogated by cfCh inactivating agents. These results indicate that cfCh released from radiation-induced dying cells are activators of RIBE and that it can be prevented by treatment with appropriate cfCh inactivating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kirolikar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Preeti Prasannan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Gorantla V Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Namrata Pancholi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Tannishtha Saha
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pritishkumar Tidke
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Comparative Oncology Program and Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Alfina Shaikh
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Bhagyeshri Rane
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Richa Pandey
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Harshada Wani
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Naveen K Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sophiya Siddiqui
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Jenevieve D'souza
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Ratnam Prasad
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sushma Shinde
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sailee Parab
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Naveen K Nair
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India.
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Burdak-Rothkamm S, Rothkamm K. Radiation-induced bystander and systemic effects serve as a unifying model system for genotoxic stress responses. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Intercellular communications-redox interactions in radiation toxicity; potential targets for radiation mitigation. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:3-16. [PMID: 29911259 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, using ionizing radiation (IR) is necessary for clinical, agricultural, nuclear energy or industrial applications. Accidental exposure to IR after a radiation terror or disaster poses a threat to human. In contrast to the old dogma of radiation toxicity, several experiments during the last two recent decades have revealed that intercellular signaling and communications play a key role in this procedure. Elevated level of cytokines and other intercellular signals increase oxidative damage and inflammatory responses via reduction/oxidation interactions (redox system). Intercellular signals induce production of free radicals and inflammatory mediators by some intermediate enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NADPH oxidase, and also via triggering mitochondrial ROS. Furthermore, these signals facilitate cell to cell contact and increasing cell toxicity via cohort effect. Nitric oxide is a free radical with ability to act as an intercellular signal that induce DNA damage and changes in some signaling pathways in irradiated as well as non-irradiated adjacent cells. Targeting of these mediators by some anti-inflammatory agents or via antioxidants such as mitochondrial ROS scavengers opens a window to mitigate radiation toxicity after an accidental exposure. Experiments which have been done so far suggests that some cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-13 are some interesting targets that depend on irradiated organs and may help mitigate radiation toxicity. Moreover, animal experiments in recent years indicated that targeting of toll like receptors (TLRs) may be more useful for radioprotection and mitigation. In this review, we aimed to describe the role of intercellular interactions in oxidative injury, inflammation, cell death and killing effects of IR. Moreover, we described evidence on potential mitigation of radiation injury via targeting of these mediators.
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Mittra I, Pal K, Pancholi N, Shaikh A, Rane B, Tidke P, Kirolikar S, Khare NK, Agrawal K, Nagare H, Nair NK. Prevention of chemotherapy toxicity by agents that neutralize or degrade cell-free chromatin. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:2119-2127. [PMID: 28911066 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxicity associated with chemotherapy is a major therapeutic challenge and is caused by chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and inflammation. We have recently reported that cell-free chromatin (cfCh) fragments released from dying cells can readily enter into healthy cells of the body to integrate into their genomes and induce DNA double-strand breaks, apoptosis and inflammation in them. We hypothesized that much of the toxicity of chemotherapy might be due to release of large quantities of cfCh from dying cells that could trigger an exaggerated DNA damage, apoptotic and inflammatory response in healthy cells over and above that caused by the drugs themselves. Methods We tested this hypothesis by administering cfCh neutralizing/degrading agents namely, anti-histone antibody complexed nanoparticles, DNase I and a novel DNA degrading agent-Resveratrol-Cu concurrently with five different chemotherapeutic agents to examine if chemotherapy-induced toxicity could be minimized. Results We observed (i) significant reduction in chemotherapy-induced surge of cfCh in blood; (ii) significant reduction in chemotherapy-induced surge of inflammatory cytokines CRP, IL-6, IFNγ and TNFα in blood; (iii) abolition of chemotherapy-induced tissue DNA damage (γH2AX), apoptosis (active caspase-3) and inflammation (NFκB and IL-6) in multiple organs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells; (iv) prevention of prolonged neutropenia following a single injection of adriamycin and (v) significant reduction in death following a lethal dose of adriamycin. Conclusion Our results suggest that toxicity of chemotherapy is caused to a large extent by cfCh released from dying cells and can be prevented by concurrent treatment with cfCh neutralizing/degrading agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - K Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - N Pancholi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - A Shaikh
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - B Rane
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - P Tidke
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - S Kirolikar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - N K Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - K Agrawal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - H Nagare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - N K Nair
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Sector 22, Utsav Chowk - CISF Road, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Raigad, Maharashtra 410210, India
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Abstract
Recent research shows that extra-nuclear cell-free chromatin (cfCh) released from dying cells can freely enter into healthy cells and integrate into their genomes. Genomic integration of cfCh leads to dsDNA breaks and activation of inflammatory cytokines both of which occur concurrently with similar kinetics and that induction of inflammation can be abrogated by preventing DNA breaks with the use of cfCh inactivating agents. The proposal is put forward that inflammatory cytokines are a new family of DDR proteins that are activated following dsDNA breaks inflicted by genomic integration of cfCh.
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