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Alvarenga DO, Clasen LA, Thomsen AMR, Andersen RF, Rousk K. Light drives nitrogen fixation in tropical montane cloud forests in Costa Rica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173631. [PMID: 38823705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Tropical montane cloud forests are high altitude ecosystems characterized by very high ambient humidity, which favors organisms that depend on the environment for their water status, such as bryophytes and their nitrogen-fixing symbionts. Bryophyte-associated N2 fixation is a major source of new N in several northern environments, but their contributions to the N cycle in other ecosystems is still poorly understood. In this work, we evaluated N2 fixation rates associated with epiphytic bryophytes growing along the stems of pumpwood trees (Cecropia sp.) as well as in surrounding litter and soil from a primary and a secondary cloud forests in the Talamanca Mountain Range, Costa Rica. Nitrogen fixation was significantly higher in substrates from the secondary forest compared to those from the primary forest. Overall, N2 fixation rates associated with epiphytic bryophytes were 57 times those of litter and 270 times what was measured in soil. Further, light intensity was the major factor influencing N2 fixation rates in all substrates. Increased access to light in disturbed cloud forests may therefore favor bryophyte-associated N2 fixation, potentially contributing to the recovery of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Oliveira Alvarenga
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Volatile Interactions, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lina Avila Clasen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Volatile Interactions, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Maria Rydgren Thomsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Volatile Interactions, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Fromm Andersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Volatile Interactions, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrin Rousk
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Volatile Interactions, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Wong MY, Wurzburger N, Hall JS, Wright SJ, Tang W, Hedin LO, Saltonstall K, van Breugel M, Batterman SA. Trees adjust nutrient acquisition strategies across tropical forest secondary succession. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:132-144. [PMID: 38742309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation may constrain the ability of recovering and mature tropical forests to serve as a carbon sink. However, it is unclear to what extent trees can utilize nutrient acquisition strategies - especially root phosphatase enzymes and mycorrhizal symbioses - to overcome low nutrient availability across secondary succession. Using a large-scale, full factorial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experiment of 76 plots along a secondary successional gradient in lowland wet tropical forests of Panama, we tested the extent to which root phosphatase enzyme activity and mycorrhizal colonization are flexible, and if investment shifts over succession, reflective of changing nutrient limitation. We also conducted a meta-analysis to test how tropical trees adjust these strategies in response to nutrient additions and across succession. We find that tropical trees are dynamic, adjusting investment in strategies - particularly root phosphatase - in response to changing nutrient conditions through succession. These changes reflect a shift from strong nitrogen to weak phosphorus limitation over succession. Our meta-analysis findings were consistent with our field study; we found more predictable responses of root phosphatase than mycorrhizal colonization to nutrient availability. Our findings suggest that nutrient acquisition strategies respond to nutrient availability and demand in tropical forests, likely critical for alleviating nutrient limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Wong
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Wenguang Tang
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, UK
| | - Lars O Hedin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kristin Saltonstall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, UK
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3
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Deutsch C, Inomura K, Luo YW, Wang YP. Projecting global biological N 2 fixation under climate warming across land and ocean. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:546-553. [PMID: 38262802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Biological N2 fixation sustains the global inventory of nitrogenous nutrients essential for the productivity of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Like most metabolic processes, rates of biological N2 fixation vary strongly with temperature, making it sensitive to climate change, but a global projection across land and ocean is lacking. Here we use compilations of field and laboratory measurements to reveal a relationship between N2 fixation rates and temperature that is similar in both domains despite large taxonomic and environmental differences. Rates of N2 fixation increase gradually to a thermal optimum around ~25°C, and decline more rapidly toward a thermal maximum, which is lower in the ocean than on land. In both realms, the observed temperature sensitivities imply that climate warming this century could decrease N2 fixation rates by ~50% in the tropics while increasing rates by ~50% in higher latitudes. We propose a conceptual framework for understanding the physiological and ecological mechanisms that underpin and modulate the observed temperature dependence of global N2 fixation rates, facilitating cross-fertilization of marine and terrestrial research to assess its response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Deutsch
- Department of Geosciences and High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Keisuke Inomura
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, RI, USA
| | - Ya-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Environment, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
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4
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van Breugel M, Bongers F, Norden N, Meave JA, Amissah L, Chanthorn W, Chazdon R, Craven D, Farrior C, Hall JS, Hérault B, Jakovac C, Lebrija-Trejos E, Martínez-Ramos M, Muñoz R, Poorter L, Rüger N, van der Sande M, Dent DH. Feedback loops drive ecological succession: towards a unified conceptual framework. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:928-949. [PMID: 38226776 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The core principle shared by most theories and models of succession is that, following a major disturbance, plant-environment feedback dynamics drive a directional change in the plant community. The most commonly studied feedback loops are those in which the regrowth of the plant community causes changes to the abiotic (e.g. soil nutrients) or biotic (e.g. dispersers) environment, which differentially affect species availability or performance. This, in turn, leads to shifts in the species composition of the plant community. However, there are many other PE feedback loops that potentially drive succession, each of which can be considered a model of succession. While plant-environment feedback loops in principle generate predictable successional trajectories, succession is generally observed to be highly variable. Factors contributing to this variability are the stochastic processes involved in feedback dynamics, such as individual mortality and seed dispersal, and extrinsic causes of succession, which are not affected by changes in the plant community but do affect species performance or availability. Both can lead to variation in the identity of dominant species within communities. This, in turn, leads to further contingencies if these species differ in their effect on their environment (priority effects). Predictability and variability are thus intrinsically linked features of ecological succession. We present a new conceptual framework of ecological succession that integrates the propositions discussed above. This framework defines seven general causes: landscape context, disturbance and land-use, biotic factors, abiotic factors, species availability, species performance, and the plant community. When involved in a feedback loop, these general causes drive succession and when not, they are extrinsic causes that create variability in successional trajectories and dynamics. The proposed framework provides a guide for linking these general causes into causal pathways that represent specific models of succession. Our framework represents a systematic approach to identifying the main feedback processes and causes of variation at different successional stages. It can be used for systematic comparisons among study sites and along environmental gradients, to conceptualise studies, and to guide the formulation of research questions and design of field studies. Mapping an extensive field study onto our conceptual framework revealed that the pathways representing the study's empirical outcomes and conceptual model had important differences, underlining the need to move beyond the conceptual models that currently dominate in specific fields and to find ways to examine the importance of and interactions among alternative causal pathways of succession. To further this aim, we argue for integrating long-term studies across environmental and anthropogenic gradients, combined with controlled experiments and dynamic modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van Breugel
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, 117570, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Norden
- Centro de Estudios Socioecológicos y Cambio Global, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Circunvalar #16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, UPO Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Jatujak District, 10900, Thailand
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Dylan Craven
- Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, 8580745, Chile
| | - Caroline Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, Texas, 78705, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398 Montpellier, France & Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja Rüger
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, University of Leipzig, Grimmaische Str. 12, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute for Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
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Liu R, Hu B, Dannenmann M, Giesemann A, Geilfus CM, Li C, Gao L, Flemetakis E, Haensch R, Wang D, Rennenberg H. Significance of phosphorus deficiency for the mitigation of mercury toxicity in the Robinia pseudoacacia L.- rhizobia symbiotic association. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133717. [PMID: 38325100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N2)-fixing legumes can be used for phytoremediation of toxic heavy metal Mercury (Hg) contaminated soil, but N2-fixation highly relies on phosphorus (P) availability for nodule formation and functioning. Here, we characterized the significance of P deficiency for Hg accumulation and toxicity in woody legume plants. Consequences for foliar and root traits of rhizobia inoculation, Hg exposure (+Hg) and low P (-P) supply, individually and in combination were characterized at both the metabolite and transcriptome levels in seedlings of two Robinia pseudoacacia L. provenances originating from contrasting climate and soil backgrounds, i.e., GS in northwest and the DB in northeast China. Our results reveal that depleted P mitigates the toxicity of Hg at the transcriptional level. In leaves of Robinia depleted P reduced oxidative stress and improved the utilization strategy of C, N and P nutrition; in roots depleted P regulated the expression of genes scavenging oxidative stress and promoting cell membrane synthesis. Rhizobia inoculation significantly improved the performance of both Robinia provenances under individual and combined +Hg and -P by promoting photosynthesis, increasing foliar N and P content and reducing H2O2 and MDA accumulation despite enhanced Hg uptake. DB plants developed more nodules, had higher biomass and accumulated higher Hg amounts than GS plants and thus are suggested as the high potential Robinia provenance for future phytoremediation of Hg contaminated soils with P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China; College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China.
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Anette Giesemann
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Canbo Li
- Shanghai OE Biotech. Co., Ltd., No. 1188, Lianhang Rd., Minhang district, Shanghai 201212, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China; College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Haensch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China; Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China
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Ren W, Tian L, Querejeta JI. Tight coupling between leaf δ 13 C and N content along leaf ageing in the N 2 -fixing legume tree black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14235. [PMID: 38472162 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
N2 -fixing legumes can strongly affect ecosystem functions by supplying nitrogen (N) and improving the carbon-fixing capacity of vegetation. Still, the question of how their leaf-level N status and carbon metabolism are coordinated along leaf ageing remains unexplored. Leaf tissue carbon isotopic composition (δ13 C) provides a useful indicator of time-integrated intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). Here, we quantified the seasonal changes of leaf δ13 C, N content on a mass and area basis (Nmass , Narea , respectively), Δ18 O (leaf 18 O enrichment above source water, a proxy of time-integrated stomatal conductance) and morphological traits in an emblematic N2 -fixing legume tree, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), at a subtropical site in Southwest China. We also measured xylem, soil and rainwater isotopes (δ18 O, δ2 H) to characterize tree water uptake patterns. Xylem water isotopic data reveal that black locust primarily used shallow soil water in this humid habitat. Black locust exhibited a decreasing δ13 C along leaf ageing, which was largely driven by decreasing leaf Nmass , despite roughly constant Narea . In contrast, the decreasing δ13 C along leaf ageing was largely uncoupled from parallel increases in Δ18 O and leaf thickness. Leaf N content is used as a proxy of leaf photosynthetic capacity; thus, it plays a key role in determining the seasonality in δ13 C, whereas the roles of stomatal conductance and leaf morphology are minor. Black locust leaves can effectively adjust to changing environmental conditions along leaf ageing through LMA increases and moderate stomatal conductance reduction while maintaining constant Narea to optimize photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, despite declining leaf Nmass and δ13 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lide Tian
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Kunming, China
| | - José Ignacio Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS, CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Yao Y, Han B, Dong X, Zhong Y, Niu S, Chen X, Li Z. Disentangling the variability of symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate and the controlling factors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17206. [PMID: 38445332 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation (SNF), replenishing bioavailable N for terrestrial ecosystems, exerts decisive roles in N cycling and gross primary production. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what determines the variability of SNF rate, which retards the accurate prediction for global N fixation in earth system models. This study synthesized 1230 isotopic observations to elucidate the governing factors underlying the variability of SNF rate. The SNF rates varied significantly from 3.69 to 12.54 g N m-2 year-1 across host plant taxa. The traits of host plant (e.g. biomass characteristics and taxa) far outweighed soil properties and climatic factors in explaining the variations of SNF rate, accounting for 79.0% of total relative importance. Furthermore, annual SNF yield contributed to more than half of N uptake for host plants, which was consistent across different ecosystem types. This study highlights that the biotic factors, especially host plant traits (e.g. biomass characteristics and taxa), play overriding roles in determining SNF rate compared with soil properties. The suite of parameters for SNF lends support to improve N fixation module in earth system models that can provide more confidence in predicting bioavailable N changes in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingbing Han
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunzhuo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Zhang Y, Gao H, Cai Z, Zhang J, Müller C. Global patterns of soil available N production by mineralization-immobilization turnover in the tropical forest ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168194. [PMID: 37918753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Available N (Navail) is important to nurish plant-microbial system and sequestrate carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems. For forest ecosystem, Navail is usually calculated as the sum of N2 fixation (NN2-fixed), N deposition (Ndeposition) and soil available N production (Navail-soil), in which Navail-soil determined the Navail production and its temporal changes. While, there is still a lack of Navail-soil estimation at the global and regional level due to the temporal and spatial variability of influencing factors, such as climate and soil physicochemical properties. By assembling a dataset of gross rates of soil N mineralization (GRmin), immobilization of ammonium (NH4+) (GRac) and nitrate (NO3-) (GRnc), as well as their corresponding geographic information, climate and main soil physicochemical properties, the Navail-soil produced from organic N (Norg) mineralization and inorganic N (Ninorg) immobilization turnover (MIT) was calculated via building a random forest (RF) model in global tropical forests. The results revealed a good fit between the observed and predicted GRmin (R2 = 0.76), GRac (R2 = 0.77) and GRnc (R2 = 0.67). We further estimated that the total mineralized N, immobilized NH4+ and NO3- was 23.97 (10.48-37.46), 17.98 (5.81-30.15) and 4.86 (1.46-8.26) Pg N year-1, respectively, leading to the total Navail-soil of 1.13 (-0.95-3.21) Pg N year-1. Referring to the reported average density of NN2-fixed and Ndeposition, the total NN2-fixed and Ndeposition was 0.03-0.05 and 0.01 Pg N year-1, respectively, by producting density and square meter of global tropic forest. Then the total Navail of global tropic forest ecosystem was 1.18 (-0.91-3.27) Pg N year-1 (Navail-soil + NN2-fixed + Ndeposition). According to the tight stoichiometric relationship between C and N in the production of gross primary productivity (GPP) and soil respiration (Rs), C:N ratio of 31.8-41.9 and 22.7-48.2 was calculated, respectively, which all fall into the C:N ratio range of plants and litter (13.9-75.9) in tropical forest ecosystem. These results confirmed the prediction of Navail-soil production from MIT was in line with theoretic estimates by applying RF machine learning. To our knowledge, this is the first estimation of Navail-soil and the results provide the theoretical basis to evaluate soil C sequestration potential in tropical (e.g. southern America, southeast Asia and Africa) forest ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Chen Q, Long C, Bao Y, Men X, Zhang Y, Cheng X. The dominant genera of nitrogenase (nifH) affects soil biological nitrogen fixation along an elevational gradient in the Hengduan mountains. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140722. [PMID: 37972867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen (N) fixation by diazotrophic microbes is an essential process for the N input. However, the patterns of biological N fixation and its biological or environmental mechanism along an elevational gradient in mountain ecosystems are not fully understood. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in the Hengduan Mountains to investigate the biological N fixation associated with the diversity and abundance of the nifH gene. Our results showed that both the abundance of the nifH gene and the biological N fixation displayed hump-shaped trends along an elevation gradient in the wet and dry seasons. However, the diversity of the nifH gene showed an inverse unimodal trend along an elevation gradient. We observed that biological N fixation was jointly associated with the abundance of the nifH gene, especially dominant genera, as well as soil chartacteristics. Among them, clay content played a preeminent role in the regulation of N fixation potentially through the formation of microaggregates and microenvironments. In general, our results revealed that biological N fixation was correlated with the abundance of microorganisms, especially dominant genera, and soil texture. These results highlighted the importance of dominant genera, which should be considered in the modeling and forecasting of N cycling under future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Chunyan Long
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiuxian Men
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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10
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Harrison TL, Parshuram ZA, Frederickson ME, Stinchcombe JR. Is there a latitudinal diversity gradient for symbiotic microbes? A case study with sensitive partridge peas. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17191. [PMID: 37941312 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutualism is thought to be more prevalent in the tropics than temperate zones and may therefore play an important role in generating and maintaining high species richness found at lower latitudes. However, results on the impact of mutualism on latitudinal diversity gradients are mixed, and few empirical studies sample both temperate and tropical regions. We investigated whether a latitudinal diversity gradient exists in the symbiotic microbial community associated with the legume Chamaecrista nictitans. We sampled bacteria DNA from nodules and the surrounding soil of plant roots across a latitudinal gradient (38.64-8.68 °N). Using 16S rRNA sequence data, we identified many non-rhizobial species within C. nictitans nodules that cannot form nodules or fix nitrogen. Species richness increased towards lower latitudes in the non-rhizobial portion of the nodule community but not in the rhizobial community. The microbe community in the soil did not effectively predict the non-rhizobia community inside nodules, indicating that host selection is important for structuring non-rhizobia communities in nodules. We next factorially manipulated the presence of three non-rhizobia strains in greenhouse experiments and found that co-inoculations of non-rhizobia strains with rhizobia had a marginal effect on nodule number and no effect on plant growth. Our results suggest that these non-rhizobia bacteria are likely commensals-species that benefit from associating with a host but are neutral for host fitness. Overall, our study suggests that temperate C. nictitans plants are more selective in their associations with the non-rhizobia community, potentially due to differences in soil nitrogen across latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia L Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoe A Parshuram
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan E Frederickson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Stinchcombe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Zhang Y, Liu R, Liu Z, Hu Y, Xia Z, Hu B, Rennenberg H. Consequences of excess urea application on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140619. [PMID: 37944768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Urea is the most frequently used nitrogen (N) fertilizer worldwide. However, the mechanisms in plants to cope with excess urea are largely unknown, especially for woody legumes that can meet their N demand by their own N2-fixation capacity. Here, we studied the immediate consequences of different amounts of urea application and exposure duration on photosynthesis, N metabolism, and the activity of antioxidative enzymes of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. For this purpose, seedlings were grown for 3 months under normal N availability with rhizobia inoculation and, subsequently, 50 mg N kg-1 was applied to the soil twice with urea as additional N source. Our results show that excess urea application significantly promoted photosynthesis, which increased by 80.3% and 84.7% compared with CK after the 1st and 2nd urea applications, respectively. The increase in photosynthesis translated into an increase in root and nodule biomass of 88.7% and 82.0%, respectively, while leaf biomass decreased by 4.8% after the first application of urea. The N content in leaves was 92.6% higher than in roots, but excess urea application increased the N content of protein and free amino acids in roots by 25.0%, and 43.3%, respectively. Apparently, enhanced root growth and N storage in the roots constitute mechanisms to prevent the negative consequences of excess N in the shoot upon urea application. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity of leaves and roots increased by 74.4% and 26.3%, respectively. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity in leaves and roots was enhanced by 337% and 34.0%, respectively, but then decreased rapidly to the initial level before fertilization. This result shows that not only N metabolism, but also antioxidative capacity was transiently promoted by excess urea application. Apparently, excess urea application initially poses oxidative stress to the plants that is immediately counteracted by enhanced scavenging of reactive oxygen species via enhanced GR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuyuan Xia
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
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12
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Dagan R, Dovrat G, Masci T, Sheffer E. Competition-induced downregulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2288-2297. [PMID: 37845824 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlled experiments at the level of individual plants show that legume species use different strategies for the regulation of symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in response to nitrogen availability. These strategies were suggested to improve legume fitness in the context of the plant community, although rarely studied at this level. We evaluated how nitrogen availability and conspecific vs heterospecific interactions influenced the strategy of regulation of nitrogen fixation. We grew two species of herbaceous legumes representing two different strategies of regulation without interaction, under treatments of deficient and sufficient nitrogen availability, with conspecific or heterospecific interaction. We found that Hymenocarpus circinnatus maintained a facultative strategy of downregulating nitrogen fixation when nitrogen was available under both con- and heterospecific interactions, as was also found for this species when grown alone. Vicia palaestina also downregulated nitrogen fixation under both con- and heterospecific interactions but did not regulate fixation when grown alone. Our results showed that under nitrogen limitation, interaction with a neighboring plant reduced fitness, reflecting a competitive effect. Our findings suggest that when interacting with other plants, downregulation of nitrogen fixation is more likely, therefore reducing the energetic cost of fixation, and improving plant performance in competitive ecological communities, especially when nitrogen is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Dagan
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Guy Dovrat
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Tania Masci
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Efrat Sheffer
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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13
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Abrantes GH, Gücker B, Chaves RC, Boëchat IG, Figueredo CC. Epilithic biofilms provide large amounts of nitrogen to tropical mountain landscapes. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3592-3603. [PMID: 37816630 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that epilithic biofilms are a relevant nitrogen (N) source in a rocky mountain range in Brazil. During different seasons, we quantified nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic N (DON) and total dissolved N (TDN) leached by a simulated short rain event. We quantified the epilithic autotrophic biomass by taxonomic groups and its correlation with leached N. We hypothesized that leached N would be correlated to heterocystous cyanobacteria biomass since they are more efficient N2 fixers. We estimated a landscape N supply of 8.5 kg.ha-1 .year-1 considering the mean precipitation in the region. TDN in leachate was mainly composed of DON (83.8% ± 22%), followed by nitrate (12.1% ± 3%) and ammonium (5% ± 5%). The autotrophic epilithic community was mainly composed of non-heterocystous (Gloeocapsopsis) and heterocystous cyanobacteria (Scytonema and Stigonema), except for a site more commonly affected by fire events that showed a dominance of Chlorophyta. Biogeochemical upscaling was facilitated by the fact that N leaching was not different among sites or related to autotrophic epilithic biomass or assemblage composition. In conclusion, the capacity of epilithic biofilms to provide N to surrounding systems is an ecosystem service that underscores the necessity to conserve them and their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Björn Gücker
- Department of Geosciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo César Chaves
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Iola Gonçalves Boëchat
- Department of Geosciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
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14
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Zhang J, DeLuca TH, Chenpeng Z, Li A, Wang G, Sun S. Comparison of the seasonal and successional variation of asymbiotic and symbiotic nitrogen fixation along a glacial retreat chronosequence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165163. [PMID: 37391152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is resulting in accelerated retreat of glaciers worldwide and much nitrogen-poor debris is left after glacier retreats. Asymbiotic dinitrogen (N2) fixation (ANF) can be considered a 'hidden' source of nitrogen (N) for non-nodulating plants in N limited environments; however, seasonal variation and its relative importance in ecosystem N budgets, especially when compared with nodulating symbiotic N2-fixation (SNF), is not well-understood. In this study, seasonal and successional variations in nodulating SNF and non-nodulating ANF rates (nitrogenase activity) were compared along a glacial retreat chronosequence on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Key factors regulating the N2-fixation rates as well as the contribution of ANF and SNF to ecosystem N budget were also examined. Significantly greater nitrogenase activity was observed in nodulating species (0.4-17,820.8 nmol C2H4 g-1 d-1) compared to non-nodulating species (0.0-9.9 nmol C2H4 g-1 d-1) and both peaked in June or July. Seasonal variation in acetylene reduction activity (ARA) rate in plant nodules (nodulating species) and roots (non-nodulating species) was correlated with soil temperature and moisture while ARA in non-nodulating leaves and twigs was correlated with air temperature and humidity. Stand age was not found to be a significant determinant of ARA rates in nodulating or non-nodulating plants. ANF and SNF contributed 0.3-51.5 % and 10.1-77.8 %, respectively, of total ecosystem N input in the successional chronosequence. In this instance, ANF exhibited an increasing trend with successional age while SNF increased only at stages younger than 29 yr and then decreased as succession proceeded. These findings help improve our understanding of ANF activity in non-nodulating plants and N budgets in post glacial primary succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Thomas H DeLuca
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5704, USA
| | - Zhenni Chenpeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Andi Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Genxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shouqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, China.
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15
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Mohd-Radzman NA, Drapek C. Compartmentalisation: A strategy for optimising symbiosis and tradeoff management. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2998-3011. [PMID: 36717758 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant root architecture is developmentally plastic in response to fluctuating nutrient levels in the soil. Part of this developmental plasticity is the formation of dedicated root cells and organs to host mutualistic symbionts. Structures like nitrogen-fixing nodules serve as alternative nutrient acquisition strategies during starvation conditions. Some root systems can also form myconodules-globular root structures that can host mycorrhizal fungi. The myconodule association is different from the wide-spread arbuscular mycorrhization. This range of symbiotic associations provides different degrees of compartmentalisation, from the cellular to organ scale, which allows the plant host to regulate the entry and extent of symbiotic interactions. In this review, we discuss the degrees of symbiont compartmentalisation by the plant host as a developmental strategy and speculate how spatial confinement mitigates risks associated with root symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen Drapek
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), Bateman Street, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Gou X, Reich PB, Qiu L, Shao M, Wei G, Wang J, Wei X. Leguminous plants significantly increase soil nitrogen cycling across global climates and ecosystem types. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4028-4043. [PMID: 37186000 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plants are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and significantly increase soil nitrogen (N) cycling and availability, which affects productivity in most ecosystems. Clarifying whether the effects of legumes on N cycling vary with contrasting ecosystem types and climatic regions is crucial for understanding and predicting ecosystem processes, but these effects are currently unknown. By conducting a global meta-analysis, we revealed that legumes increased the soil net N mineralization rate (Rmin ) by 67%, which was greater than the recently reported increase associated with N deposition (25%). This effect was similar for tropical (53%) and temperate regions (81%) but was significantly greater in grasslands (151%) and forests (74%) than in croplands (-3%) and was greater in in situ incubation (101%) or short-term experiments (112%) than in laboratory incubation (55%) or long-term experiments (37%). Legumes significantly influenced the dependence of Rmin on N fertilization and experimental factors. The Rmin was significantly increased by N fertilization in the nonlegume soils, but not in the legume soils. In addition, the effects of mean annual temperature, soil nutrients and experimental duration on Rmin were smaller in the legume soils than in the nonlegume soils. Collectively, our results highlighted the significant positive effects of legumes on soil N cycling, and indicated that the effects of legumes should be elucidated when addressing the response of soils to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
| | - Mingan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Hu B, Flemetakis E, Liu Z, Hänsch R, Rennenberg H. Significance of nitrogen-fixing actinorhizal symbioses for restoration of depleted, degraded, and contaminated soil. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:752-764. [PMID: 37002002 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N2)-fixing legume trees are frequently used for the restoration of depleted, degraded, and contaminated soils. However, biological N2 fixation (BNF) can also be performed by so-called actinorhizal plants. Actinorhizal plants include a high diversity of woody species and therefore can be applied in a broad spectrum of environments. In contrast to N2-fixing legumes, the potential of actinorhizal plants for soil restoration remains largely unexplored. In this Opinion, we propose related basic research requirements for the characterization of environmental stress responses that determine the restoration potential of actinorhizal plants for depleted, degraded, and contaminated soils. We identify advantages and unexplored processes of actinorhizal plants and describe a mainly uncharted avenue of future research for this important group of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China; Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
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18
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Wall CB, Swift SOI, D’Antonio CM, Gebauer G, Hynson NA. Isoscapes of remnant and restored Hawaiian montane forests reveal differences in biological nitrogen fixation and carbon inputs. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15468. [PMID: 37304880 PMCID: PMC10252893 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Deforestation and subsequent land-use conversion has altered ecosystems and led to negative effects on biodiversity. To ameliorate these effects, nitrogen-fixing (N2-fixing) trees are frequently used in the reforestation of degraded landscapes, especially in the tropics; however, their influence on ecosystem properties such as nitrogen (N) availability and carbon (C) stocks are understudied. Here, we use a 30-y old reforestation site of outplanted native N2-fixing trees (Acacia koa) dominated by exotic grass understory, and a neighboring remnant forest dominated by A. koa canopy trees and native understory, to assess whether restoration is leading to similar N and C biogeochemical landscapes and soil and plant properties as a target remnant forest ecosystem. We measured nutrient contents and isotope values (δ15N, δ13C) in soils, A. koa, and non-N2-fixing understory plants (Rubus spp.) and generated δ15N and δ13C isoscapes of the two forests to test for (1) different levels of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and its contribution to non-N2-fixing understory plants, and (2) the influence of historic land conversion and more recent afforestation on plant and soil δ13C. In the plantation, A. koa densities were higher and foliar δ15N values for A. koa and Rubus spp. were lower than in the remnant forest. Foliar and soil isoscapes also showed a more homogeneous distribution of low δ15N values in the plantation and greater influence of A. koa on neighboring plants and soil, suggesting greater BNF. Foliar δ13C also indicated higher water use efficiency (WUEi) in the plantation, indicative of differences in plant-water relations or soil water status between the two forest types. Plantation soil δ13C was higher than the remnant forest, consistent with greater contributions of exotic C4-pasture grasses to soil C pools, possibly due to facilitation of non-native grasses by the dense A. koa canopy. These findings are consequential for forest restoration, as they contribute to the mounting evidence that outplanting N2-fixing trees produces different biogeochemical landscapes than those observed in reference ecosystems, thereby influencing plant-soil interactions which can influence restoration outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Wall
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | | | - Carla M. D’Antonio
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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19
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Li C, Jia Z, Zhang S, Li T, Ma S, Cheng X, Chen M, Nie H, Zhai L, Zhang B, Liu X, Zhang J, Müller C. The positive effects of mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculants on asymbiotic nitrogen fixation of abandoned mine soils are driven by keystone phylotype. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163663. [PMID: 37094687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Toward the restoration of the increasing numbers of abandoned mines across China, external-soil spray seeding technologies have become more extensively utilized. However, considerable challenges remain that seriously hamper the effectiveness of these technologies, such as inadequate nutrient availability for plants. Previous studies have shown that mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculants can increase the nodules of legumes. However, their effects on symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), asymbiotic nitrogen fixation (ANF), and diazotrophic communities remain unknown. Further, research into the application of functional microorganisms for the restoration of abandoned mines has been conducted either in greenhouses, or their application in the field has been too brief. Thus, we established a four-year field experiment in an abandoned mine and quantified the SNF, ANF, and diazotrophic communities. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the long-term application of specific functional microorganisms for the remediation of abandoned mine sites in the field. We revealed that mineral-solubilizing microbial inoculants significantly increased the soil ANF rate and SNF content. There was no significant correlation between the diazotrophic alpha diversity and soil ANF rate; however, there were strong positive associations between the relative abundance and biodiversity of keystone phylotype (module #5) within ecological clusters and the ANF rate. Molecular ecological networks indicated that microbial inoculants increased network complexity and stability. Moreover, the inoculants significantly enhanced the deterministic ratio of diazotrophic communities. Furthermore, homogeneous selection predominantly mediated the assembly of soil diazotrophic communities. It was concluded that mineral-solubilizing microorganisms played a critical role in maintaining and enhancing nitrogen, which offers a new solution with great potential for the restoration of ecosystems at abandoned mine sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Zhaohui Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Shuifeng Zhang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Shilin Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Xuefei Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Meiling Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Hui Nie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
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20
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Melikov CH, Bukoski JJ, Cook-Patton SC, Ban H, Chen JL, Potts MD. Quantifying the Effect Size of Management Actions on Aboveground Carbon Stocks in Forest Plantations. CURRENT FORESTRY REPORTS 2023; 9:131-148. [PMID: 37426633 PMCID: PMC10328870 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-023-00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review Improved forest management is a promising avenue for climate change mitigation. However, we lack synthetic understanding of how different management actions impact aboveground carbon stocks, particularly at scales relevant for designing and implementing forest-based climate solutions. Here, we quantitatively assess and review the impacts of three common practices-application of inorganic NPK fertilizer, interplanting with N-fixing species, and thinning-on aboveground carbon stocks in plantation forests. Recent Findings Site-level empirical studies show both positive and negative effects of inorganic fertilization, interplanting, and thinning on aboveground carbon stocks in plantation forests. Recent findings and the results of our analysis suggest that these effects are heavily moderated by factors such as species selection, precipitation, time since practice, soil moisture regime, and previous land use. Interplanting of N-fixing crops initially has no effect on carbon storage in main tree crops, but the effect becomes positive in older stands. Conversely, the application of NPK fertilizers increases aboveground carbon stocks, though the effect lessens with time. Moreover, increases in aboveground carbon stocks may be partially or completely offset by emissions from the application of inorganic fertilizer. Thinning results in a strong reduction of aboveground carbon stocks, though the effect lessens with time. Summary Management practices tend to have strong directional effects on aboveground carbon stocks in plantation forests but are moderated by site-specific management, climatic, and edaphic factors. The effect sizes quantified in our meta-analysis can serve as benchmarks for the design and scoping of improved forest management projects as forest-based climate solutions. Overall, management actions can enhance the climate mitigation potential of plantation forests, if performed with sufficient attention to the nuances of local conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40725-023-00182-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril H. Melikov
- Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jacob J. Bukoski
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | | | - Hongyi Ban
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jessica L. Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Matthew D. Potts
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Carbon Direct Inc, New York, NY USA
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21
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Jager EA, Quebbeman AW, Wolf AA, Perakis SS, Funk JL, Menge DNL. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation does not stimulate soil phosphatase activity under temperate and tropical trees. Oecologia 2023; 201:827-840. [PMID: 36877257 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing plants can enrich ecosystems with N, which can alter the cycling and demand for other nutrients. Researchers have hypothesized that fixed N could be used by plants and soil microbes to produce extracellular phosphatase enzymes, which release P from organic matter. Consistent with this speculation, the presence of N-fixing plants is often associated with high phosphatase activity, either in the soil or on root surfaces, although other studies have not found this association, and the connection between phosphatase and rates of N fixation-the mechanistic part of the argument-is tenuous. Here, we measured soil phosphatase activity under N-fixing trees and non-fixing trees transplanted and grown in tropical and temperate sites in the USA: two sites in Hawaii, and one each in New York and Oregon. This provides a rare example of phosphatase activity measured in a multi-site field experiment with rigorously quantified rates of N fixation. We found no difference in soil phosphatase activity under N-fixing vs. non-fixing trees nor across rates of N fixation, though we note that no sites were P limited and only one was N limited. Our results add to the literature showing no connection between N fixation rates and phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Jager
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W Quebbeman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amelia A Wolf
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Steven S Perakis
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, US Geological Survey, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Duncan N L Menge
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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van der Sande MT, Powers JS, Kuyper TW, Norden N, Salgado-Negret B, Silva de Almeida J, Bongers F, Delgado D, Dent DH, Derroire G, do Espirito Santo MM, Dupuy JM, Fernandes GW, Finegan B, Gavito ME, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Jakovac CC, Jones IL, das Dores Magalhães Veloso M, Meave JA, Mora F, Muñoz R, Pérez-Cárdenas N, Piotto D, Álvarez-Dávila E, Caceres-Siani Y, Dalban-Pilon C, Dourdain A, Du DV, García Villalobos D, Nunes YRF, Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Poorter L. Soil resistance and recovery during neotropical forest succession. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210074. [PMID: 36373919 PMCID: PMC9661943 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of soil conditions is crucial for successful ecosystem restoration and, hence, for achieving the goals of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Here, we assess how soils resist forest conversion and agricultural land use, and how soils recover during subsequent tropical forest succession on abandoned agricultural fields. Our overarching question is how soil resistance and recovery depend on local conditions such as climate, soil type and land-use history. For 300 plots in 21 sites across the Neotropics, we used a chronosequence approach in which we sampled soils from two depths in old-growth forests, agricultural fields (i.e. crop fields and pastures), and secondary forests that differ in age (1-95 years) since abandonment. We measured six soil properties using a standardized sampling design and laboratory analyses. Soil resistance strongly depended on local conditions. Croplands and sites on high-activity clay (i.e. high fertility) show strong increases in bulk density and decreases in pH, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) during deforestation and subsequent agricultural use. Resistance is lower in such sites probably because of a sharp decline in fine root biomass in croplands in the upper soil layers, and a decline in litter input from formerly productive old-growth forest (on high-activity clays). Soil recovery also strongly depended on local conditions. During forest succession, high-activity clays and croplands decreased most strongly in bulk density and increased in C and N, possibly because of strongly compacted soils with low C and N after cropland abandonment, and because of rapid vegetation recovery in high-activity clays leading to greater fine root growth and litter input. Furthermore, sites at low precipitation decreased in pH, whereas sites at high precipitation increased in N and decreased in C : N ratio. Extractable phosphorus (P) did not recover during succession, suggesting increased P limitation as forests age. These results indicate that no single solution exists for effective soil restoration and that local site conditions should determine the restoration strategies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha T. van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior and Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Thom W. Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbold,Colombia
| | | | - Jarcilene Silva de Almeida
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Daisy H. Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama,Max Planck Institute for Animal Behaviour, Konstanz, 78315, Germany,Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8902, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | | | - Juan Manuel Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130(32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia & Evolução, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Mayra E. Gavito
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130(32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Catarina C. Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel L. Jones
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | | | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City CP 04510, México
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands,Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City CP 04510, México
| | - Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna-BA 45613-204, Brazil
| | | | | | - Coralie Dalban-Pilon
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Dan V. Du
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Daniel García Villalobos
- Programa Ciencias Básicas de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbold,Colombia
| | - Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros-MG CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2E3
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Herbivores drive scarcity of some nitrogen-fixing tropical trees. Nature 2022; 612:411-412. [PMID: 36476768 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-04170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Widespread herbivory cost in tropical nitrogen-fixing tree species. Nature 2022; 612:483-487. [PMID: 36477532 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations suggest that the large carbon sink in mature and recovering forests may be strongly limited by nitrogen1-3. Nitrogen-fixing trees (fixers) in symbiosis with bacteria provide the main natural source of new nitrogen to tropical forests3,4. However, abundances of fixers are tightly constrained5-7, highlighting the fundamental unanswered question of what limits new nitrogen entering tropical ecosystems. Here we examine whether herbivory by animals is responsible for limiting symbiotic nitrogen fixation in tropical forests. We evaluate whether nitrogen-fixing trees experience more herbivory than other trees, whether herbivory carries a substantial carbon cost, and whether high herbivory is a result of herbivores targeting the nitrogen-rich leaves of fixers8,9. We analysed 1,626 leaves from 350 seedlings of 43 tropical tree species in Panama and found that: (1) although herbivory reduces the growth and survival of all seedlings, nitrogen-fixing trees undergo 26% more herbivory than non-fixers; (2) fixers have 34% higher carbon opportunity costs owing to herbivory than non-fixers, exceeding the metabolic cost of fixing nitrogen; and (3) the high herbivory of fixers is not driven by high leaf nitrogen. Our findings reveal that herbivory may be sufficient to limit tropical symbiotic nitrogen fixation and could constrain its role in alleviating nitrogen limitation on the tropical carbon sink.
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25
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Cleveland CC, Reis CRG, Perakis SS, Dynarski KA, Batterman SA, Crews TE, Gei M, Gundale MJ, Menge DNL, Peoples MB, Reed SC, Salmon VG, Soper FM, Taylor BN, Turner MG, Wurzburger N. Exploring the Role of Cryptic Nitrogen Fixers in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Frontier in Nitrogen Cycling Research. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Maschler J, Bialic‐Murphy L, Wan J, Andresen LC, Zohner CM, Reich PB, Lüscher A, Schneider MK, Müller C, Moser G, Dukes JS, Schmidt IK, Bilton MC, Zhu K, Crowther TW. Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevated CO 2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6115-6134. [PMID: 36069191 PMCID: PMC9825951 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The degree to which elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2 ]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short-term nature of CO2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass stocks remains a major uncertainty in future climate projections. Here, we review the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population-, community-, ecosystem-, and global-scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO2 ] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. While the distinct focus of every scale reveals new mechanisms driving biomass accumulation under e[CO2 ], none of them provides a full picture of all relevant processes. For example, while physiological evidence suggests a possible long-term basis for increased biomass accumulation under e[CO2 ] through sustained photosynthetic stimulation, population-scale evidence indicates that a possible e[CO2 ]-induced increase in mortality rates might potentially outweigh the effect of increases in plant growth rates on biomass levels. Evidence at the global scale may indicate that e[CO2 ] has contributed to increased biomass cover over recent decades, but due to the difficulty to disentangle the effect of e[CO2 ] from a variety of climatic and land-use-related drivers of plant biomass stocks, it remains unclear whether nutrient limitations or other ecological mechanisms operating at finer scales will dampen the e[CO2 ] effect over time. By exploring these discrepancies, we identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass and highlight the need to integrate knowledge across scales of ecological organization so that large-scale modeling can represent the finer-scale mechanisms needed to constrain our understanding of future terrestrial C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maschler
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lalasia Bialic‐Murphy
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Joe Wan
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Constantin M. Zohner
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Andreas Lüscher
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural ScienceZurichSwitzerland
- Agroscope, Forage Production and Grassland SystemsZurichSwitzerland
| | - Manuel K. Schneider
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural ScienceZurichSwitzerland
- Agroscope, Forage Production and Grassland SystemsZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant EcologyJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Gerald Moser
- Institute of Plant EcologyJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Global EcologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Inger Kappel Schmidt
- Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mark C. Bilton
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources SciencesNamibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)WindhoekNamibia
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
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27
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de Faria SM, Ringelberg JJ, Gross E, Koenen EJM, Cardoso D, Ametsitsi GKD, Akomatey J, Maluk M, Tak N, Gehlot HS, Wright KM, Teaumroong N, Songwattana P, de Lima HC, Prin Y, Zartman CE, Sprent JI, Ardley J, Hughes CE, James EK. The innovation of the symbiosome has enhanced the evolutionary stability of nitrogen fixation in legumes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2365-2377. [PMID: 35901264 PMCID: PMC9541511 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is globally important in ecosystem functioning and agriculture, yet the evolutionary history of nodulation remains the focus of considerable debate. Recent evidence suggesting a single origin of nodulation followed by massive parallel evolutionary losses raises questions about why a few lineages in the N2 -fixing clade retained nodulation and diversified as stable nodulators, while most did not. Within legumes, nodulation is restricted to the two most diverse subfamilies, Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae, which show stable retention of nodulation across their core clades. We characterize two nodule anatomy types across 128 species in 56 of the 152 genera of the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae: fixation thread nodules (FTs), where nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are retained within the apoplast in modified infection threads, and symbiosomes, where rhizobia are symplastically internalized in the host cell cytoplasm within membrane-bound symbiosomes (SYMs). Using a robust phylogenomic tree based on 997 genes from 147 Caesalpinioideae genera, we show that losses of nodulation are more prevalent in lineages with FTs than those with SYMs. We propose that evolution of the symbiosome allows for a more intimate and enduring symbiosis through tighter compartmentalization of their rhizobial microsymbionts, resulting in greater evolutionary stability of nodulation across this species-rich pantropical legume clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M. de Faria
- Embrapa Agrobiologia465 km 07, SeropédicaRio de JaneiroBR23891‐000Brazil
| | - Jens J. Ringelberg
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107ZurichCH‐8008Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Gross
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e AmbientaisUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC)IlhéusBA45662‐900Brazil
| | - Erik J. M. Koenen
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107ZurichCH‐8008Switzerland
| | - Domingos Cardoso
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (INCT IN‐TREE)Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Bahia (UFBA)Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s.n., OndinaSalvador40170‐115BABrazil
| | | | - John Akomatey
- CSIR‐Forestry Research Institute of GhanaFUMESUAPO Box UP 63 KNUSTKumasiGhana
| | - Marta Maluk
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Nisha Tak
- Department of Botany, BNF and Microbial Genomics Lab.Center of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas UniversityJodhpur342001RajasthanIndia
| | - Hukam S. Gehlot
- Department of Botany, BNF and Microbial Genomics Lab.Center of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas UniversityJodhpur342001RajasthanIndia
| | | | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhonratchasima30000Thailand
| | - Pongpan Songwattana
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhonratchasima30000Thailand
| | - Haroldo C. de Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ/MMA)Rua Pacheco Leão 915Rio de Janeiro22460‐030RJBrazil
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA‐MCTI)Av. José Ruschi 4Santa Teresa29650‐000ESBrazil
| | - Yves Prin
- CIRAD, UMR LSTMCampus de Baillarguet34398Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Charles E. Zartman
- Departamento de BiodiversidadeInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)Av. André Araújo Aleixo, Caixa Postal 478Manaus69060‐001AMBrazil
| | - Janet I. Sprent
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of Dundee at The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Julie Ardley
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia
| | - Colin E. Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107ZurichCH‐8008Switzerland
| | - Euan K. James
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
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28
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Increasing calcium scarcity along Afrotropical forest succession. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1122-1131. [PMID: 35788708 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Secondary forests constitute an increasingly important component of tropical forests worldwide. Although cycling of essential nutrients affects recovery trajectories of secondary forests, the effect of nutrient limitation on forest regrowth is poorly constrained. Here we use three lines of evidence from secondary forest succession sequences in central Africa to identify potential nutrient limitation in regrowing forests. First, we show that atmospheric phosphorus supply exceeds demand along forest succession, whereas forests rely on soil stocks to meet their base cation demands. Second, soil nutrient metrics indicate that available phosphorus increases along the succession, whereas available cations decrease. Finally, fine root, foliar and litter stoichiometry show that tissue calcium concentrations decline relative to those of nitrogen and phosphorus during succession. Taken together, these observations suggest that calcium becomes an increasingly scarce resource in central African forests during secondary succession. Furthermore, ecosystem calcium storage shifts from soil to woody biomass over succession, making it a vulnerable nutrient in the wake of land-use change scenarios that involve woody biomass export. Our results thus call for a broadened focus on elements other than nitrogen and phosphorus regarding tropical forest biogeochemical cycles and identify calcium as a scarce and potentially limiting nutrient in an increasingly disturbed and dynamic tropical forest landscape.
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Hanbury-Brown AR, Powell TL, Muller-Landau HC, Wright SJ, Kueppers LM. Simulating environmentally-sensitive tree recruitment in vegetation demographic models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:78-93. [PMID: 35218213 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation demographic models (VDMs) endeavor to predict how global forests will respond to climate change. This requires simulating which trees, if any, are able to recruit under changing environmental conditions. We present a new recruitment scheme for VDMs in which functional-type-specific recruitment rates are sensitive to light, soil moisture and the productivity of reproductive trees. We evaluate the scheme by predicting tree recruitment for four tropical tree functional types under varying meteorology and canopy structure at Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We compare predictions to those of a current VDM, quantitative observations and ecological expectations. We find that the scheme improves the magnitude and rank order of recruitment rates among functional types and captures recruitment limitations in response to variable understory light, soil moisture and precipitation regimes. Our results indicate that adopting this framework will improve VDM capacity to predict functional-type-specific tree recruitment in response to climate change, thereby improving predictions of future forest distribution, composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Hanbury-Brown
- The Energy and Resources Group, University of California, 345 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas L Powell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, The University of the South, 735 University Ave, Sewanee, TN, 37383, USA
| | - Helene C Muller-Landau
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Lara M Kueppers
- The Energy and Resources Group, University of California, 345 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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30
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Awasthi P, Bargali K, Bargali SS. Relative Performance of Woody Vegetation in Response to Facilitation by Coriaria nepalensis in Central Himalaya, India. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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No Reduction in Yield of Young Robusta Coffee When Grown under Shade Trees in Ecuadorian Amazonia. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060807. [PMID: 35743838 PMCID: PMC9224700 DOI: 10.3390/life12060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known on what impact shade trees have on the physiology of Coffea canephora (robusta coffee) under tropical humid conditions. To fill this gap, a field experiment was conducted in the Ecuadorian Amazon to investigate how growth, nutrition (leaf N), phenological state (BBCH-scale) and yield of 5-year-old robusta coffee shrubs are affected by the presence or absence of leguminous trees, the type (organic v conventional) and intensity of management. The experiment was a factorial 5 × 4 design with four cropping systems: intensive conventional (IC), moderate conventional (MC), intensive organic (IO) and low organic (LO), and with five shading systems in a split-plot arrangement: full sun (SUN), both Erythrina spp. and Myroxylon balsamum (TaE), M. balsamum (TIM), E. spp. (ERY) and Inga edulis (GUA). Three monthly assessments were made. Cherry yields of coffee shrubs under moderate shade (c. 25%) were similar to those under high light exposure. Coffee shrubs grown with either E. spp. or I. edulis were taller (+10%) and had higher leaf N concentrations (22%) than those grown without consistent shade. Unless receiving c. 25% of shade, coffee shrubs grown under organic cropping systems showed reduced growth (25%). No correlation was found between height, cherry yield and leaf N. Both shading and cropping systems affected leaf N concentration, also depending on phenological state and yield. Further research is needed to confirm our findings in the long-term as well as to elucidate how leguminous trees may induce physiological responses in robusta coffee under humid tropical conditions.
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32
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Overcoming the regeneration barriers of tropical dry forest: effects of water stress and herbivory on seedling performance and allocation of key tree species for restoration. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tropical dry forests (TDF) are one of the most threatened and poorly protected ecosystems in the Americas. Although there are international efforts for the restoration of TDF, how stress factors such as herbivory or water limitation due to changes in precipitation, impact the regeneration dynamics of these forests is poorly understood. Specifically, how seedlings of key tree species for TDF restoration cope with current abiotic pressures such as the intensification of climatic events, and biotic factors like herbivory, is not yet fully understood. Here, we compared seedling performance, and allocation of biomass, and water to roots vs. shoots for three legume, and one non-legume TDF tree species, as a response to water limitation and herbivory in an 8-month greenhouse experiment. Contrary to our expectations, we found that the non-legume species, G. ulmifolia, had the best performance compared to legumes, while N-fixing and non-fixing legumes showed similar performance. Based on our findings, we suggest the use of G. ulmifolia in TDF restoration projects due to its high performance despite abiotic and biotic stress factors, its allocation of biomass and water to belowground structures. We also recommend the use of N-fixing legume species owing to their ability to fix nitrogen, which guarantees an N input to the soil, important in the first stages of succession. However, the legume species used in this experiment do not appear to resist the abiotic and biotic stressors studied. Thus, more studies exploring the response of dry forest plant species to stress factors are key for informing and assuring more effective TDF restoration efforts.
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33
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Zhang S, Zang R, Sheil D. Rare and common species contribute disproportionately to the functional variation within tropical forests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114332. [PMID: 34933270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how functional traits and functional entities (FEs, i.e., unique combinations of functional traits) are distributed within plant communities can contribute to the understanding of vegetation properties and changes in species composition. We utilized investigation data on woody plants (including trees, shrubs and lianas) from 17 1-ha plots across six old-growth tropical forest types on Hainan island, China. Plant species were categorized as common (>1 individuals/ha) and rare species (≤1 individuals/ha) according to their abundance to determine how they contributed to different ecosystem functions. First, we assessed the differences in traits between common and rare species, and second, we examined functional redundancy, functional over-redundancy, and functional vulnerability for common and rare species of the forests. We found that both common species and rare species in each of the forest types were placed into just a few FEs, leading to functional over-redundancy and resulting in functional vulnerability. Rare species tended to have different trait values than those of common species, and were differently distributed among FEs, indicating different contributions to ecosystem functioning. Our results highlighted the disproportionate contribution of rare species in all of the studied forests. Rare species are more likely than common species to possess unique FEs, and thus, they have a disproportionately large contribution to community trait space. The loss of such species may impact the functioning, redundancy, and resilience of tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzi Zhang
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Jawa Barat 16115, Indonesia
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34
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Mao J, Mao Q, Gundersen P, Gurmesa GA, Zhang W, Huang J, Wang S, Li A, Wang Y, Guo Y, Liu R, Mo J, Zheng M. Unexpected high retention of 15 N-labeled nitrogen in a tropical legume forest under long-term nitrogen enrichment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1529-1543. [PMID: 34800306 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The responses of forests to nitrogen (N) deposition largely depend on the fates of deposited N within the ecosystem. Nitrogen-fixing legume trees widely occur in terrestrial forests, but the fates of deposited N in legume-dominated forests remain unclear, which limit a global evaluation of N deposition impacts and feedbacks on carbon sequestration. Here, we performed the first ecosystem-scale 15 N labeling experiment in a typical legume-dominated forest as well as in a nearby non-legume forest to determine the fates of N deposition between two different forest types and to explore their underlying mechanisms. The 15 N was sprayed bimonthly for 1 year to the forest floor in control and N addition (50 kg N ha-1 year-1 for 10 years) plots in both forests. We unexpectedly found a strong capacity of the legume forest to retain deposited N, with 75 ± 5% labeled N recovered in plants and soils, which was higher than that in the non-legume forest (56 ± 4%). The higher 15 N recovery in legume forest was mainly driven by uptake by the legume trees, in which 15 N recovery was approximately 15% more than that in the nearby non-legume trees. This indicates higher N-demand by the legume than non-legume trees. Mineral soil was the major sink for deposited N, with 39 ± 4% and 34 ± 3% labeled N retained in the legume and non-legume forests, respectively. Moreover, N addition did not significantly change the 15 N recovery patterns of both forests. Overall, these findings indicate that legume-dominated forests act as a strong sink for deposited N regardless of high soil N availability under long-term atmospheric N deposition, which suggest a necessity to incorporate legume-dominated forests into N-cycling models of Earth systems to improve the understanding and prediction of terrestrial N budgets and the global N deposition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Qinggong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Per Gundersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Geshere A Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andi Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yabing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mianhai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Schulte‐Uebbing LF, Ros GH, de Vries W. Experimental evidence shows minor contribution of nitrogen deposition to global forest carbon sequestration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:899-917. [PMID: 34699094 PMCID: PMC9299138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have drastically increased nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests globally. This may have alleviated N limitation and thus stimulated productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in aboveground woody biomass (AGWB), a stable C pool with long turnover times. This 'carbon bonus' of human N use partly offsets the climate impact of human-induced N2 O emissions, but its magnitude and spatial variation are uncertain. Here we used a meta-regression approach to identify sources of heterogeneity in tree biomass C-N response (additional C stored per unit of N) based on data from fertilization experiments in global forests. We identified important drivers of spatial variation in forest biomass C-N response related to climate (potential evapotranspiration), soil fertility (N content) and tree characteristics (stand age), and used these relationships to quantify global spatial variation in N-induced forest biomass C sequestration. Results show that N deposition enhances biomass C sequestration in only one-third of global forests, mainly in the boreal region, while N reduces C sequestration in 5% of forests, mainly in the tropics. In the remaining 59% of global forests, N addition has no impact on biomass C sequestration. Average C-N responses were 11 (4-21) kg C per kg N for boreal forests, 4 (0-8) kg C per kg N for temperate forests and 0 (-4 to 5) kg C per kg N for tropical forests. Our global estimate of the N-induced forest biomass C sink of 41 (-53 to 159) Tg C yr-1 is substantially lower than previous estimates, mainly due to the absence of any response in most tropical forests (accounting for 58% of the global forest area). Overall, the N-induced C sink in AGWB only offsets ~5% of the climate impact of N2 O emissions (in terms of 100-year global warming potential), and contributes ~1% to the gross forest C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F. Schulte‐Uebbing
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Ros
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Nutrient Management InstituteWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
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36
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Ayalew T, Yoseph T, Högy P, Cadisch G. Leaf growth, gas exchange and assimilation performance of cowpea varieties in response to Bradyrhizobium inoculation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08746. [PMID: 35106387 PMCID: PMC8789522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplying nitrogen to crops through selecting high N fixing legumes and effective inoculant is one of the key strategies to improve crop productivity. However, studies related to the effect of Bradyrhizobial inoculation on leaf growth, its functioning in relation to photosynthesis, and transpiration efficiency (WUE) of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] varieties in the tropics were inadequate. A two-year field experiment was conducted at three sites to evaluate the effect of inoculation on leaf growth, gas exchanges and photosynthetic efficiency of cowpea varieties. The study treatments were composed of four varieties, Keti (IT99K-1122), TVU, Black eye bean, and White wonderer trailing and three levels of inoculation (non-inoculated or inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains CP-24 or CP-37). Gas exchange was measured on live plants at 67–77 days after sowing, between 8:00 to 11:00 a.m. and 14:00 to 16:00 p.m. Leaf growth parameters (leaf number and leaf area) were measured by destructive sampling, and the yield data was determined by harvesting plants in the three central rows at physiological maturity. Variety TVU performed best in terms of leaf number, photosynthesis rate, and WUE. Whereas, Black eye bean revealed superior performances for leaf area, leaf area index, and stomatal conductance compared with the rest two varieties. The effect of inoculation was significant with 14.0, 23.8, 13.7, and 11.0% advantage in leaf area, leaf area index, net photosynthesis, and WUE, respectively. Moreover, the performance of cowpea of the 2018 cropping season showed a relative advantage over 2019 in terms of leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance. Therefore, inoculating cowpea varieties with effective Bradyrhizobium strain can be a viable alternative to enhance growth, gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency, and grain yield.
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37
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Alon M, Dovrat G, Masci T, Sheffer E. Soil nitrogen regulates symbiotic nitrogen fixation in a legume shrub but does not accumulate under it. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Alon
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Guy Dovrat
- Department of Natural Resources Newe Ya’ar Research Center Agricultural Research Organization Ramat Yishay 30095 Israel
| | - Tania Masci
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Efrat Sheffer
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
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38
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Poorter L, Craven D, Jakovac CC, van der Sande MT, Amissah L, Bongers F, Chazdon RL, Farrior CE, Kambach S, Meave JA, Muñoz R, Norden N, Rüger N, van Breugel M, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Amani B, Andrade JL, Brancalion PHS, Broadbent EN, de Foresta H, Dent DH, Derroire G, DeWalt SJ, Dupuy JM, Durán SM, Fantini AC, Finegan B, Hernández-Jaramillo A, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Hietz P, Junqueira AB, N'dja JK, Letcher SG, Lohbeck M, López-Camacho R, Martínez-Ramos M, Melo FPL, Mora F, Müller SC, N'Guessan AE, Oberleitner F, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Pérez-García EA, Pinho BX, Piotto D, Powers JS, Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Rozendaal DMA, Ruíz J, Tabarelli M, Teixeira HM, Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio E, van der Wal H, Villa PM, Fernandes GW, Santos BA, Aguilar-Cano J, de Almeida-Cortez JS, Alvarez-Davila E, Arreola-Villa F, Balvanera P, Becknell JM, Cabral GAL, Castellanos-Castro C, de Jong BHJ, Nieto JE, Espírito-Santo MM, Fandino MC, García H, García-Villalobos D, Hall JS, Idárraga A, Jiménez-Montoya J, Kennard D, Marín-Spiotta E, Mesquita R, Nunes YRF, Ochoa-Gaona S, Peña-Claros M, Pérez-Cárdenas N, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Villanueva LS, Schwartz NB, Steininger MK, Veloso MDM, Vester HFM, Vieira ICG, Williamson GB, Zanini K, Hérault B. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery. Science 2021; 374:1370-1376. [PMID: 34882461 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catarina C Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Stephan Kambach
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Economics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.,Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bienvenu Amani
- UFR Agroforesterie, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hubert de Foresta
- UMR AMAP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Juan M Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sandra M Durán
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - André B Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin Kassi N'dja
- Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - René López-Camacho
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Felipe P L Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Sandra C Müller
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anny E N'Guessan
- Departement of Bioscience, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, BA, Brazil
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Geografia, Convenio Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Heitor Mancini Teixeira
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur - Unidad Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco, México
| | - Pedro M Villa
- Program of Botany, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PROBIODIVERSA), Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Geraldo W Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - José Aguilar-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Felipe Arreola-Villa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - George A L Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Ben H J de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Jhon Edison Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mário M Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria C Fandino
- Fondo Patrimonio Natural para la Biodiversidad y Areas Protegidas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Hernando García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Balboa, Panama
| | - Alvaro Idárraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario JAUM, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | | | - Rita Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Yule R F Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Lucía Sanaphre Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc K Steininger
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Maria D M Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henricus F M Vester
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - G Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kátia Zanini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.,Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.,Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
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39
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Poorter L, Rozendaal DMA, Bongers F, Almeida DJS, Álvarez FS, Andrade JL, Arreola Villa LF, Becknell JM, Bhaskar R, Boukili V, Brancalion PHS, César RG, Chave J, Chazdon RL, Dalla Colletta G, Craven D, de Jong BHJ, Denslow JS, Dent DH, DeWalt SJ, Díaz García E, Dupuy JM, Durán SM, Espírito Santo MM, Fernandes GW, Finegan B, Granda Moser V, Hall JS, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Jakovac CC, Kennard D, Lebrija-Trejos E, Letcher SG, Lohbeck M, Lopez OR, Marín-Spiotta E, Martínez-Ramos M, Meave JA, Mora F, de Souza Moreno V, Müller SC, Muñoz R, Muscarella R, Nunes YRF, Ochoa-Gaona S, Oliveira RS, Paz H, Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Sanaphre-Villanueva L, Toledo M, Uriarte M, Utrera LP, van Breugel M, van der Sande MT, Veloso MDM, Wright SJ, Zanini KJ, Zimmerman JK, Westoby M. Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2003405118. [PMID: 34845017 PMCID: PMC8670493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003405118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One-third of all Neotropical forests are secondary forests that regrow naturally after agricultural use through secondary succession. We need to understand better how and why succession varies across environmental gradients and broad geographic scales. Here, we analyze functional recovery using community data on seven plant characteristics (traits) of 1,016 forest plots from 30 chronosequence sites across the Neotropics. By analyzing communities in terms of their traits, we enhance understanding of the mechanisms of succession, assess ecosystem recovery, and use these insights to propose successful forest restoration strategies. Wet and dry forests diverged markedly for several traits that increase growth rate in wet forests but come at the expense of reduced drought tolerance, delay, or avoidance, which is important in seasonally dry forests. Dry and wet forests showed different successional pathways for several traits. In dry forests, species turnover is driven by drought tolerance traits that are important early in succession and in wet forests by shade tolerance traits that are important later in succession. In both forests, deciduous and compound-leaved trees decreased with forest age, probably because microclimatic conditions became less hot and dry. Our results suggest that climatic water availability drives functional recovery by influencing the start and trajectory of succession, resulting in a convergence of community trait values with forest age when vegetation cover builds up. Within plots, the range in functional trait values increased with age. Based on the observed successional trait changes, we indicate the consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling and propose an ecologically sound strategy to improve forest restoration success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands;
| | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AK, The Netherlands
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - de Jarcilene S Almeida
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Álvarez
- Forests, Biodiversity and Climate Change Programme, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - José Luís Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales 97205 Mérida, México
| | - Luis Felipe Arreola Villa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 58089 Morelia, México
| | | | - Radika Bhaskar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 58089 Morelia, México
- College of Design, Engineering, and Commerce, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, PA 19144
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G César
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs QLD 4556, Australia
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro 22460-320, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dalla Colletta
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelacion y Monitoreo, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ben H J de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur 24500 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Julie S Denslow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panamá
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Elisa Díaz García
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Juan Manuel Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales 97205 Mérida, México
| | - Sandra M Durán
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55104
| | - Mário M Espírito Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Brazil
| | | | - Bryan Finegan
- Forests, Biodiversity and Climate Change Programme, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Vanessa Granda Moser
- Forests, Biodiversity and Climate Change Programme, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Smithsonian Institute Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panamá
| | | | - Catarina C Jakovac
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil
| | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO 81501
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Tivon 36006, Israel
| | | | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- World Agroforestry, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Omar R Lopez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panamá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panama City 0843-01103, Panamá
| | | | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 58089 Morelia, México
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 58089 Morelia, México
| | - Vanessa de Souza Moreno
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra C Müller
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yule R F Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur 24500 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 58089 Morelia, México
| | - Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Lucía Sanaphre-Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales 97205 Mérida, México
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad A.C. 86080 Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Luis P Utrera
- Forests, Biodiversity and Climate Change Programme, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Smithsonian Institute Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panamá
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138610
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria D M Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Brazil
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon 0843-03092, Panamá
| | - Kátia J Zanini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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40
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Bytnerowicz TA, Menge DNL. Divergent Pathways of Nitrogen-Fixing Trees through Succession Depend on Starting Nitrogen Supply and Priority Effects. Am Nat 2021; 198:E198-E214. [PMID: 34762566 DOI: 10.1086/717017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNitrogen-fixing trees are a major potential source of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. The degree to which they persist in older forests has considerable implications for forest nitrogen budgets. We characterized nitrogen-fixing tree abundance across stand age in the contiguous United States and analyzed a theoretical model to help understand competitive outcomes and successional trajectories of nitrogen-fixing and nonfixing trees. Nitrogen-fixing tree abundance is bimodal in all regions except the northeastern United States, even in older forests, suggesting that competitive exclusion (including priority effects) is more common than coexistence at the spatial scale of our analysis. Our model analysis suggests conditions under which alternative competitive outcomes are possible and when they are transient (lasting decades or centuries) versus persistent (millennia). Critically, the timescale of the feedbacks between nitrogen fixation and soil nitrogen supply, which is thought to drive the exclusion of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession, can be long. Therefore, the long transient outcomes of competition are more relevant for real forests than the long-term equilibrium. Within these long-term transients, the background soil nitrogen supply is a major determinant of competitive outcomes. Consistent with the expectations of resource ratio theory, competitive exclusion is more likely at high and low nitrogen supply, while intermediate nitrogen supply makes coexistence or priority effects possible. However, these outcomes are modified by the nitrogen fixation strategy: obligate nitrogen fixation makes coexistence more likely than priority effects, compared with perfectly facultative fixation. These results advance our understanding of the successional trajectories of nitrogen-fixing trees and their effects on ecosystem development in secondary succession.
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41
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Land use influences stream bacterial communities in lowland tropical watersheds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21752. [PMID: 34741067 PMCID: PMC8571290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Land use is known to affect water quality yet the impact it has on aquatic microbial communities in tropical systems is poorly understood. We used 16S metabarcoding to assess the impact of land use on bacterial communities in the water column of four streams in central Panama. Each stream was influenced by a common Neotropical land use: mature forest, secondary forest, silvopasture and traditional cattle pasture. Bacterial community diversity and composition were significantly influenced by nearby land uses. Streams bordered by forests had higher phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s PD) and similar community structure (based on weighted UniFrac distance), whereas the stream surrounded by traditional cattle pasture had lower diversity and unique bacterial communities. The silvopasture stream showed strong seasonal shifts, with communities similar to forested catchments during the wet seasons and cattle pasture during dry seasons. We demonstrate that natural forest regrowth and targeted management, such as maintaining and restoring riparian corridors, benefit stream-water microbiomes in tropical landscapes and can provide a rapid and efficient approach to balancing agricultural activities and water quality protection.
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42
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Freschet GT, Roumet C, Comas LH, Weemstra M, Bengough AG, Rewald B, Bardgett RD, De Deyn GB, Johnson D, Klimešová J, Lukac M, McCormack ML, Meier IC, Pagès L, Poorter H, Prieto I, Wurzburger N, Zadworny M, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Iversen CM, Mommer L, Picon-Cochard C, Postma JA, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Sun T, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Weigelt A, York LM, Stokes A. Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1123-1158. [PMID: 33159479 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis-based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Catherine Roumet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Louise H Comas
- USDA-ARS Water Management and Systems Research Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - A Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gerlinde B De Deyn
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelska 135, Trebon, 37901, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lukac
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6EU, UK
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Haidkrugsweg 1, Barsbüttel, 22885, Germany
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSH, Centre PACA, site Agroparc, INRAE, Avignon Cedex 9, 84914, France
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Iván Prieto
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes A Postma
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
| | - Laura Rose
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Larry M York
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRA, AMAP, CIRAD, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska‐Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon‐Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:973-1122. [PMID: 34608637 PMCID: PMC8518129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSHCentre PACA, site AgroparcINRAE84914Avignon cedex 9France
| | - Colleen M. Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Louise H. Comas
- USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320Fort CollinsCO80526USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1190Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of Botany CASDukelska 13537901TrebonCzech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesParkowa 562‐035KórnikPoland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG‐2)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHD‐52425JülichGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | | | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska‐Zadworna
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661-614PoznańPoland
| | - A. Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundee,DD1 4HNUK
| | | | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1085Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Functional Forest EcologyUniversity of HamburgHaidkrugsweg 122885BarsbütelGermany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 476700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 2C6Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesCMLLeiden UniversityLeiden2300 RAthe Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAEAMAPCIRAD, IRDCNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 21-23Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia140 E. Green StreetAthensGA30602USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesMillbrookNY12545USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Goiás1974690-900Goiânia, GoiásBrazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley (Perth)WA 6009Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley (Perth)WAAustralia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - M. Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree ScienceMorton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53LisleIL60532USA
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Taylor BN, Menge DNL. Light, nitrogen supply, and neighboring plants dictate costs and benefits of nitrogen fixation for seedlings of a tropical nitrogen-fixing tree. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1758-1769. [PMID: 34028829 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to fix nitrogen may confer a competitive advantage or disadvantage to symbiotic nitrogen-fixing plants depending on the availability of soil nitrogen and energy to fuel fixation. Understanding these costs and benefits of nitrogen fixation is critical to predicting ecosystem dynamics and nutrient cycling. We grew inoculated (with symbiotic bacteria) and uninoculated seedlings of Pentaclethra macroloba (a nitrogen-fixing tree species) both in isolation and with Virola koschnyi (a nonfixing species) under gradients of light and soil nitrogen to assess how the ability to fix nitrogen and fixation activity affect growth, biomass allocation, and responses to neighboring plants. Inoculation itself did not provide a growth advantage to nitrogen fixers, regardless of nitrogen limitation status. Higher nitrogen fixation rates increased biomass growth similarly for nitrogen-limited and nitrogen-saturated fixers. Nodule production was offset by reduced fine-root biomass for inoculated nitrogen fixers, resulting in no change in total belowground allocation associated with nitrogen fixation. Under nitrogen-limited conditions, inoculated nitrogen fixers partially downregulated fixation in the presence of a nonfixing neighbor. These results suggest that nitrogen fixation can provide a growth advantage, even under nitrogen-saturated conditions, and that nitrogen fixers may reduce fixation rates to minimize facilitation of neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benton N Taylor
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 1300 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Duncan N L Menge
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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McCulloch LA, Porder S. Light fuels while nitrogen suppresses symbiotic nitrogen fixation hotspots in neotropical canopy gap seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1734-1745. [PMID: 34058025 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mature neotropical lowland forests have relatively lower symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) rates compared with secondary forests. Canopy gap formation may create transient SNF hotspots in mature forests that increase overall SNF rates in these ecosystems, as canopy gaps are pervasive across the landscape and increasing in frequency. However, what environmental conditions are driving SNF upregulation in canopy gaps is unknown. In a field experiment to test these potential environmental controls on SNF, we grew 540 neotropical nitrogen-fixing legume seedlings (Pentaclethra macroloba, Zygia longifolia, and Stryphnodendron microstachyum) under manipulated light and soil nitrogen availability in canopy gaps and intact forests at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Seedling biomass, nodule biomass, and SNF (g N seedling-1 h-1 ) were 4-, 17- and 42-fold higher, respectively, in canopy gaps than in the intact forest. Nitrogen additions decreased SNF, but light had a stronger positive effect. Upregulation of SNF in canopy gaps was driven by increased plant growth and not a disproportionate increased SNF allocation. These data provide evidence that canopy gap SNF hotspots are driven, in part, by light availability, demonstrating a potential driver of SNF spatial heterogeneity. This further suggests that canopy gap dynamics are important for understanding the biogeochemistry of neotropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A McCulloch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Stephen Porder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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Fire-derived phosphorus fertilization of African tropical forests. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5129. [PMID: 34446719 PMCID: PMC8390740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Central African tropical forests face increasing anthropogenic pressures, particularly in the form of deforestation and land-use conversion to agriculture. The long-term effects of this transformation of pristine forests to fallow-based agroecosystems and secondary forests on biogeochemical cycles that drive forest functioning are poorly understood. Here, we show that biomass burning on the African continent results in high phosphorus (P) deposition on an equatorial forest via fire-derived atmospheric emissions. Furthermore, we show that deposition loads increase with forest regrowth age, likely due to increasing canopy complexity, ranging from 0.4 kg P ha−1 yr−1 on agricultural fields to 3.1 kg P ha−1 yr−1 on old secondary forests. In forest systems, canopy wash-off of dry P deposition increases with rainfall amount, highlighting how tropical forest canopies act as dynamic reservoirs for enhanced addition of this essential plant nutrient. Overall, the observed P deposition load at the study site is substantial and demonstrates the importance of canopy trapping as a pathway for nutrient input into forest ecosystems. Nowhere is biomass burning more abundant than on the African continent, but the biogeochemical impacts on forests are poorly understood. Here the authors show that biomass burning leads to high phosphorus deposition in the Congo basin, which scales with forest age as a result of increasing canopy complexity.
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47
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Schapheer C, Pellens R, Scherson R. Arthropod-Microbiota Integration: Its Importance for Ecosystem Conservation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:702763. [PMID: 34408733 PMCID: PMC8365148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.702763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that the health of our planet is getting worse and that genuine transformative changes are pressing. So far, efforts to ameliorate Earth's ecosystem crises have been insufficient, as these often depart from current knowledge of the underlying ecological processes. Nowadays, biodiversity loss and the alterations in biogeochemical cycles are reaching thresholds that put the survival of our species at risk. Biological interactions are fundamental for achieving biological conservation and restoration of ecological processes, especially those that contribute to nutrient cycles. Microorganism are recognized as key players in ecological interactions and nutrient cycling, both free-living and in symbiotic associations with multicellular organisms. This latter assemblage work as a functional ecological unit called "holobiont." Here, we review the emergent ecosystem properties derived from holobionts, with special emphasis on detritivorous terrestrial arthropods and their symbiotic microorganisms. We revisit their relevance in the cycling of recalcitrant organic compounds (e.g., lignin and cellulose). Finally, based on the interconnection between biodiversity and nutrient cycling, we propose that a multicellular organism and its associates constitute an Ecosystem Holobiont (EH). This EH is the functional unit characterized by carrying out key ecosystem processes. We emphasize that in order to meet the challenge to restore the health of our planet it is critical to reduce anthropic pressures that may threaten not only individual entities (known as "bionts") but also the stability of the associations that give rise to EH and their ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Schapheer
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Sistemática y Evolución, Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roseli Pellens
- UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Pratique de Hautes Etudes, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Rosa Scherson
- Laboratorio de Sistemática y Evolución, Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Waring BG, De Guzman ME, Du DV, Dupuy JM, Gei M, Gutknecht J, Hulshof C, Jelinski N, Margenot AJ, Medvigy D, Pizano C, Salgado‐Negret B, Schwartz NB, Trierweiler AM, Van Bloem SJ, Vargas G. G, Powers JS. Soil biogeochemistry across Central and South American tropical dry forests. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie G. Waring
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84321 USA
| | - Mark E. De Guzman
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Dan V. Du
- Department of Soil & Water Systems University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844 USA
| | - Juan M. Dupuy
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY) Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo Mérida Yucatán C.P. 97205 México
| | - Maga Gei
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jessica Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Catherine Hulshof
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Nicolas Jelinski
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Andrew J. Margenot
- Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - David Medvigy
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Camila Pizano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Icesi Calle 18 # 122‐135 Cali Colombia
| | - Beatriz Salgado‐Negret
- Departamento de Biología Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá Carrera 30 Calle 45 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Naomi B. Schwartz
- Department of Geography University of British Columbia 1984 West Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z2 Canada
| | | | - Skip J. Van Bloem
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University Georgetown South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - German Vargas G.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
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Kou-Giesbrecht S, Menge DNL. Nitrogen-fixing trees increase soil nitrous oxide emissions: a meta-analysis. Ecology 2021; 102:e03415. [PMID: 34042181 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing trees are an important nitrogen source to terrestrial ecosystems. While they can fuel primary production and drive carbon dioxide sequestration, they can also potentially stimulate soil emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. However, studies on the influence of nitrogen-fixing trees on soil nitrous oxide emissions have not been quantitatively synthesized. Here, we show in a meta-analysis that nitrogen-fixing trees more than double soil nitrous oxide emissions relative to non-fixing trees and soils. If planted in reforestation projects at the global scale, nitrogen-fixing trees could increase global soil nitrous oxide emissions from natural terrestrial ecosystems by up to 4.1%, offsetting climate change mitigation via reforestation by up to 4.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Kou-Giesbrecht
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Duncan N L Menge
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
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50
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Zhang J, Luo J, DeLuca TH, Wang G, Sun S, Sun X, Hu Z, Zhang W. Biogeochemical stoichiometry of soil and plant functional groups along a primary successional gradient following glacial retreat on the eastern Tibetan plateau. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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