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De Carli A, Kapelyukh Y, Kursawe J, Chaplain MAJ, Wolf CR, Hamis S. Simulating BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK signalling dynamics in response to vertical inhibition treatment strategies. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:51. [PMID: 38750040 PMCID: PMC11096323 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In vertical inhibition treatment strategies, multiple components of an intracellular pathway are simultaneously inhibited. Vertical inhibition of the BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK signalling pathway is a standard of care for treating BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma where two targeted cancer drugs, a BRAFV600E-inhibitor, and a MEK inhibitor, are administered in combination. Targeted therapies have been linked to early onsets of drug resistance, and thus treatment strategies of higher complexities and lower doses have been proposed as alternatives to current clinical strategies. However, finding optimal complex, low-dose treatment strategies is a challenge, as it is possible to design more treatment strategies than are feasibly testable in experimental settings. To quantitatively address this challenge, we develop a mathematical model of BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK signalling dynamics in response to combinations of the BRAFV600E-inhibitor dabrafenib (DBF), the MEK inhibitor trametinib (TMT), and the ERK-inhibitor SCH772984 (SCH). From a model of the BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK pathway, and a set of molecular-level drug-protein interactions, we extract a system of chemical reactions that is parameterised by in vitro data and converted to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the law of mass action. The ODEs are solved numerically to produce simulations of how pathway-component concentrations change over time in response to different treatment strategies, i.e., inhibitor combinations and doses. The model can thus be used to limit the search space for effective treatment strategies that target the BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK pathway and warrant further experimental investigation. The results demonstrate that DBF and DBF-TMT-SCH therapies show marked sensitivity to BRAFV600E concentrations in silico, whilst TMT and SCH monotherapies do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice De Carli
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Yury Kapelyukh
- School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Jochen Kursawe
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark A J Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - C Roland Wolf
- School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sara Hamis
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Lin Q, Serratore A, Perri J, Roy Chaudhuri T, Qu J, Ma WW, Kandel ES, Straubinger RM. Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 correlates inversely with the efficacy of single-agent fibroblast growth factor receptor-specific inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1383-1403. [PMID: 37994108 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Elevated fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activity correlates with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and poor prognosis. However, its potential as a therapeutic target remains largely unexplored. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of selective pan-FGFR inhibitors (pan-FGFRi) were explored using in vitro and in vivo PDAC models ranging from gemcitabine-sensitive to highly gemcitabine-resistant (GemR). Gain-/loss-of-function investigations were employed to define the role of individual FGFRs in cell proliferation, migration, and treatment response and resistance. RESULTS The pan-FGFRi NVP-BGJ398 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and downregulated key cell survival- and invasiveness markers in multiple PDAC cell lines. Gemcitabine is a standard-of-care for PDAC, but development of resistance to gemcitabine (GemR) compromises its efficacy. Acquired GemR was modelled experimentally by developing highly GemR cells using escalating gemcitabine exposure in vitro and in vivo. FGFRi treatment inhibited GemR cell proliferation, migration, GemR marker expression, and tumour progression. FGFR2 or FGFR3 loss-of-function by shRNA knockdown failed to decrease cell growth, whereas FGFR1 knockdown was lethal. FGFR1 overexpression promoted cell migration more than proliferation, and reduced FGFRi-mediated inhibition of proliferation and migration. Single-agent FGFRi suppressed the viability and growth of multiple patient-derived xenografts inversely with respect to FGFR1 expression, underscoring the influence of FGFR1-dependent tumour responses to FGFRi. Importantly, secondary data analysis showed that PDAC tumours expressed FGFR1 at lower levels than in normal pancreas tissue. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Single-agent FGFR inhibitors mediate selective, molecularly-targeted suppression of PDAC proliferation, and their effects are greatest in PDAC tumours expressing low-to-moderate levels of FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Serratore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Perri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tista Roy Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene S Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Perurena N, Situ L, Cichowski K. Combinatorial strategies to target RAS-driven cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:316-337. [PMID: 38627557 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Although RAS was formerly considered undruggable, various agents that inhibit RAS or specific RAS oncoproteins have now been developed. Indeed, the importance of directly targeting RAS has recently been illustrated by the clinical success of mutant-selective KRAS inhibitors. Nevertheless, responses to these agents are typically incomplete and restricted to a subset of patients, highlighting the need to develop more effective treatments, which will likely require a combinatorial approach. Vertical strategies that target multiple nodes within the RAS pathway to achieve deeper suppression are being investigated and have precedence in other contexts. However, alternative strategies that co-target RAS and other therapeutic vulnerabilities have been identified, which may mitigate the requirement for profound pathway suppression. Regardless, the efficacy of any given approach will likely be dictated by genetic, epigenetic and tumour-specific variables. Here we discuss various combinatorial strategies to treat KRAS-driven cancers, highlighting mechanistic concepts that may extend to tumours harbouring other RAS mutations. Although many promising combinations have been identified, clinical responses will ultimately depend on whether a therapeutic window can be achieved and our ability to prospectively select responsive patients. Therefore, we must continue to develop and understand biologically diverse strategies to maximize our likelihood of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Perurena
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Situ
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou KA, Poulikakos PI, Papavassiliou AG. RAF and MEK Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4633. [PMID: 38731852 PMCID: PMC11083651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, despite recent advancements in survival rates, represents a significant global health burden. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most prevalent type, is driven largely by activating mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and less in v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) and mitogen-activated protein-kinase kinase (MEK), all key components of the RTK-RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Learning from melanoma, the identification of BRAFV600E substitution in NSCLC provided the rationale for the investigation of RAF and MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. The regulatory approval of two RAF-MEK inhibitor combinations, dabrafenib-trametinib, in 2017, and encorafenib-binimetinib, in 2023, signifies a breakthrough for the management of BRAFV600E-mutant NSCLC patients. However, the almost universal emergence of acquired resistance limits their clinical benefit. New RAF and MEK inhibitors, with distinct biochemical characteristics, are in preclinical and clinical development. In this review, we aim to provide valuable insights into the current state of RAF and MEK inhibition in the management of NSCLC, fostering a deeper understanding of the potential impact on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Precision Immunology Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Kostas A. Papavassiliou
- First University Department of Respiratory Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Poulikos I. Poulikakos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Precision Immunology Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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5
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Lin Q, Serratore A, Niu J, Shen S, Roy Chaudhuri T, Ma WW, Qu J, Kandel ES, Straubinger RM. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 inhibition suppresses pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and chemotherapy-driven aggressiveness. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101064. [PMID: 38387284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often intrinsically-resistant to standard-of-care chemotherapies such as gemcitabine. Acquired gemcitabine resistance (GemR) can arise from treatment of initially-sensitive tumors, and chemotherapy can increase tumor aggressiveness. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and chemotherapy-driven tumor aggressiveness, which are understood incompletely. METHODS Differential proteomic analysis was employed to investigate chemotherapy-driven chemoresistance drivers and responses of PDAC cells and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) having different chemosensitivities. We also investigated the prognostic value of FGFR1 expression in the efficacy of selective pan-FGFR inhibitor (FGFRi)-gemcitabine combinations. RESULTS Quantitative proteomic analysis of a highly-GemR cell line revealed fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) as the highest-expressed receptor tyrosine kinase. FGFR1 knockdown or FGFRi co-treatment enhanced gemcitabine efficacy and decreased GemR marker expression, implicating FGFR1 in augmentation of GemR. FGFRi treatment reduced PDX tumor progression and prolonged survival significantly, even in highly-resistant tumors in which neither single-agent showed efficacy. Gemcitabine exacerbated aggressiveness of highly-GemR tumors, based upon proliferation and metastatic markers. Combining FGFRi with gemcitabine or gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel reversed tumor aggressiveness and progression, and prolonged survival significantly. In multiple PDAC PDXs, FGFR1 expression correlated with intrinsic tumor gemcitabine sensitivity. CONCLUSION FGFR1 drives chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness, which FGFRi can reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Andrea Serratore
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jin Niu
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Tista Roy Chaudhuri
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Eugene S Kandel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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6
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Theard PL, Linke AJ, Sealover NE, Daley BR, Yang J, Cox K, Kortum RL. SOS2 modulates the threshold of EGFR signaling to regulate osimertinib efficacy and resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:641-661. [PMID: 38073064 PMCID: PMC10920089 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Son of sevenless 1 and 2 (SOS1 and SOS2) are RAS guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RasGEFs) that mediate physiologic and pathologic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-dependent RAS activation. Here, we show that SOS2 modulates the threshold of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling to regulate the efficacy of and resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) osimertinib in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). SOS2 deletion (SOS2KO ) sensitized EGFR-mutated cells to perturbations in EGFR signaling caused by reduced serum and/or osimertinib treatment to inhibit phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway activation, oncogenic transformation, and survival. Bypassing RTK reactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling represents a common resistance mechanism to EGFR-TKIs; SOS2KO reduced PI3K/AKT reactivation to limit osimertinib resistance. In a forced HGF/MET-driven bypass model, SOS2KO inhibited hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-stimulated PI3K signaling to block HGF-driven osimertinib resistance. Using a long-term in situ resistance assay, most osimertinib-resistant cultures exhibited a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype associated with reactivated RTK/AKT signaling. In contrast, RTK/AKT-dependent osimertinib resistance was markedly reduced by SOS2 deletion; the few SOS2KO cultures that became osimertinib resistant primarily underwent non-RTK-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Since bypassing RTK reactivation and/or tertiary EGFR mutations represent most osimertinib-resistant cancers, these data suggest that targeting proximal RTK signaling, here exemplified by SOS2 deletion, has the potential to delay the development osimertinib resistance and enhance overall clinical responses for patients with EGFR-mutated LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L. Theard
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Amanda J. Linke
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nancy E. Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Brianna R. Daley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Johnny Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Katherine Cox
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Robert L. Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
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7
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Sahu P, Mitra A, Ganguly A. Targeting KRAS and SHP2 signaling pathways for immunomodulation and improving treatment outcomes in solid tumors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:167-222. [PMID: 38782499 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically, KRAS has been considered 'undruggable' inspite of being one of the most frequently altered oncogenic proteins in solid tumors, primarily due to the paucity of pharmacologically 'druggable' pockets within the mutant isoforms. However, pioneering developments in drug design capable of targeting the mutant KRAS isoforms especially KRASG12C-mutant cancers, have opened the doors for emergence of combination therapies comprising of a plethora of inhibitors targeting different signaling pathways. SHP2 signaling pathway, primarily known for activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as KRAS has come up as a potential target for such combination therapies as it emerged to be the signaling protein connecting KRAS and the immune signaling pathways and providing the link for understanding the overlapping regions of RAS/ERK/MAPK signaling cascade. Thus, SHP2 inhibitors having potent tumoricidal activity as well as role in immunomodulation have generated keen interest in researchers to explore its potential as combination therapy in KRAS mutant solid tumors. However, the excitement with these combination therapies need to overcome challenges thrown up by drug resistance and enhanced toxicity. In this review, we will discuss KRAS and SHP2 signaling pathways and their roles in immunomodulation and regulation of tumor microenvironment and also analyze the positive effects and drawbacks of the different combination therapies targeted at these signaling pathways along with their present and future potential to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sahu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ankita Mitra
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India.
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8
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Wang J, Dong L, Zheng Z, Zhu Z, Xie B, Xie Y, Li X, Chen B, Li P. Effects of different KRAS mutants and Ki67 expression on diagnosis and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4085. [PMID: 38374309 PMCID: PMC10876986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a prevalent form of non-small cell lung cancer with a rising incidence in recent years. Understanding the mutation characteristics of LUAD is crucial for effective treatment and prediction of this disease. Among the various mutations observed in LUAD, KRAS mutations are particularly common. Different subtypes of KRAS mutations can activate the Ras signaling pathway to varying degrees, potentially influencing the pathogenesis and prognosis of LUAD. This study aims to investigate the relationship between different KRAS mutation subtypes and the pathogenesis and prognosis of LUAD. A total of 63 clinical samples of LUAD were collected for this study. The samples were analyzed using targeted gene sequencing panels to obtain sequencing data. To complement the dataset, additional clinical and sequencing data were obtained from TCGA and MSK. The analysis revealed significantly higher Ki67 immunohistochemical scores in patients with missense mutations compared to controls. Moreover, the expression level of KRAS was found to be significantly correlated with Ki67 expression. Enrichment analysis indicated that KRAS missense mutations activated the SWEET_LUNG_CANCER_KRAS_DN and CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_2 pathways. Additionally, patients with KRAS missense mutations and high Ki67 IHC scores exhibited significantly higher tumor mutational burden levels compared to other groups, which suggests they are more likely to be responsive to ICIs. Based on the data from MSK and TCGA, it was observed that patients with KRAS missense mutations had shorter survival compared to controls, and Ki67 expression level could more accurately predict patient prognosis. In conclusion, when utilizing KRAS mutations as biomarkers for the treatment and prediction of LUAD, it is important to consider the specific KRAS mutant subtypes and Ki67 expression levels. These findings contribute to a better understanding of LUAD and have implications for personalized therapeutic approaches in the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Liwen Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Zhaowei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Baisheng Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xiongwei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
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9
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Behrouzian Fard G, Ahmadi MH, Gholamin M, Amirfakhrian R, Saberi Teimourian E, Karimi MA, Hosseini Bafghi M. CRISPR-Cas9 technology: As an efficient genome modification tool in the cancer diagnosis and treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:472-488. [PMID: 37986642 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death globally and is a major public health concern. Managing this disease is difficult due to its multiple stages and numerous genetic and epigenetic changes. Traditional cancer diagnosis and treatment methods have limitations, making it crucial to develop new modalities to combat the increasing burden of cancer. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has transformed genetic engineering due to its simplicity, specificity, low cytotoxicity, and cost-effectiveness. It has been proposed as an effective technology to enhance cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. This article presents the most recent discoveries regarding the structure, mechanism, and delivery methods of the highly powerful genome editing tool, CRISPR-Cas9. In terms of diagnosis, the article examines the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in detecting microRNAs and DNA methylation, and discusses two popular gene detection techniques that utilize the CRISPR-Cas system: DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter and specific high sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking. Regarding treatment, the article explores several genes that have been identified and modified by CRISPR-Cas9 for effective tumorigenesis of common cancers such as breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. The present review also addresses the challenges and ethical issues associated with using CRISPR-Cas9 as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Despite some limitations, CRISPR-Cas9-based cancer diagnosis has the potential to become the next generation of cancer diagnostic tools, and the continuous progress of CRISPR-Cas9 can greatly aid in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Behrouzian Fard
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Amirfakhrian
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Saberi Teimourian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Karimi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hosseini Bafghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Pei J, Ren Z, Deng Y, Yu K. Tissue factor overexpression promotes resistance to KRAS-G12C inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:668-681. [PMID: 38191673 PMCID: PMC10890931 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The recently approved KRASG12C mutation-specific inhibitors sotorasib and adagrasib (KRASG12C-I) represent a promising therapy for KRASG12C-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many eligible patients do not benefit due to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Tissue factor (TF) is overexpressed in KRAS-mutated (KRASmut) NSCLC and is the target of the FDA-approved ADC Tivdak. Here, we employed HuSC1-39, the parent antibody of a clinical stage TF-ADC (NCT04843709), to investigate the role of TF in KRASmut NSCLC. We found that patients with TF-overexpression had poor survival, elevated P-ERK/P-AKT activity levels and low immune effector cell infiltration in the tumor. In a panel of KRASG12C cell lines, KRASG12C-I response correlated with suppression of TF mRNA, which was not observed in resistant cells. In the drug resistant cells, TF-overexpression relied on an mTORC2-mediated and proteasome-dependent pathway. Combination treatment of HuSC1-39 or mTORC1/2 inhibitor MTI-31 with KRASG12C-I each produced synergistic antitumor efficacy in cell culture and in an orthotopic lung tumor model. TF-depletion in the resistant cells diminished epithelial mesenchymal transition, reduced tumor growth and greatly sensitized KRASG12C-I response. Moreover, employing immunohistochemistry and coculture studies, we demonstrated that HuSC1-39 or MTI-31 reset the tumor microenvironment and restore KRASG12C-I sensitivity by reshaping an M1-like macrophage profile with greatly enhanced phagocytic capacity toward tumor cell killing. Thus, we have identified the TF/mTORC2 axis as a critical new mechanism for triggering immunosuppression and KRASG12C-I resistance. We propose that targeting this axis with HuSC1-39 or MTI-31 will improve KRASG12C-I response in KRAS-driven NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpeng Pei
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Vaishnavi A, Kinsey CG, McMahon M. Preclinical Modeling of Pathway-Targeted Therapy of Human Lung Cancer in the Mouse. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041385. [PMID: 37788883 PMCID: PMC10760064 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal models, particularly genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), continue to have a transformative impact on our understanding of the initiation and progression of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Furthermore, GEMMs have been employed in the design and optimization of potent anticancer therapies. Increasingly, drug responses are assessed in mouse models either prior, or in parallel, to the implementation of precision medical oncology, in which groups of patients with genetically stratified cancers are treated with drugs that target the relevant oncoprotein such that mechanisms of drug sensitivity or resistance may be identified. Subsequently, this has led to the design and preclinical testing of combination therapies designed to forestall the onset of drug resistance. Indeed, mouse models of human lung cancer represent a paradigm for how a wide variety of GEMMs, driven by a variety of oncogenic drivers, have been generated to study initiation, progression, and maintenance of this disease as well as response to drugs. These studies have now expanded beyond targeted therapy to include immunotherapy. We highlight key aspects of the relationship between mouse models and the evolution of therapeutic approaches, including oncogene-targeted therapies, immunotherapies, acquired drug resistance, and ways in which successful antitumor strategies improve on efficiently translating preclinical approaches into successful antitumor strategies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Vaishnavi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Conan G Kinsey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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12
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Chen Z, Guo Q, Huang S, Li L, Wu F, Liu Z, Li Z, Chen T, Song G, Xu S, Chen J, Hou Y. Overcoming adaptive resistance in AML by synergistically targeting FOXO3A-GNG7-mTOR axis with FOXO3A inhibitor Gardenoside and rapamycin. Genes Dis 2024; 11:397-412. [PMID: 37588187 PMCID: PMC10425752 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting FOXO3A (a forkhead transcription factor) represents a promising strategy to suppress acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the effective inhibitors that target FOXO3A are lacking and the adaptive response signaling weakens the cytotoxic effect of FOXO3A depletion on AML cells. Here, we show that FOXO3A deficiency induces a compensatory response involved in the reactive activation of mTOR that leads to signaling rebound and adaptive resistance. Mitochondrial metabolism acts downstream of mTOR to provoke activation of JNK/c-JUN via reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the molecular level, FOXO3A directly binds to the promoter of G protein gamma subunit 7 (GNG7) and preserves its expression, while GNG7 interacts with mTOR and restricts phosphorylated activation of mTOR. Consequently, combinatorial inhibition of FOXO3A and mTOR show a synergistic cytotoxic effect on AML cells and prolongs survival in a mouse model of AML. Through a structure-based virtual screening, we report one potent small-molecule FOXO3A inhibitor (Gardenoside) that exhibits a strong effect of anti-FOXO3A DNA binding. Gardenoside synergizes with rapamycin to substantially reduce tumor burden and extend survival in AML patient-derived xenograft model. These results demonstrate that mTOR can mediate adaptive resistance to FOXO3A inhibition and validate a combinatorial approach for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shichen Huang
- Chongqing Foreign Language School, Chongqing 400039, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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13
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Prahallad A, Weiss A, Voshol H, Kerr G, Sprouffske K, Yuan T, Ruddy D, Meistertzheim M, Kazic-Legueux M, Kottarathil T, Piquet M, Cao Y, Martinuzzi-Duboc L, Buhles A, Adler F, Mannino S, Tordella L, Sansregret L, Maira SM, Graus Porta D, Fedele C, Brachmann SM. CRISPR Screening Identifies Mechanisms of Resistance to KRASG12C and SHP2 Inhibitor Combinations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:4130-4141. [PMID: 37934115 PMCID: PMC10722132 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Although KRASG12C inhibitors show clinical activity in patients with KRAS G12C mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumor malignancies, response is limited by multiple mechanisms of resistance. The KRASG12C inhibitor JDQ443 shows enhanced preclinical antitumor activity combined with the SHP2 inhibitor TNO155, and the combination is currently under clinical evaluation. To identify rational combination strategies that could help overcome or prevent some types of resistance, we evaluated the duration of tumor responses to JDQ443 ± TNO155, alone or combined with the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib and/or the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor ribociclib, in xenograft models derived from a KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC line and investigated the genetic mechanisms associated with loss of response to combined KRASG12C/SHP2 inhibition. Tumor regression by single-agent JDQ443 at clinically relevant doses lasted on average 2 weeks and was increasingly extended by the double, triple, or quadruple combinations. Growth resumption was accompanied by progressively increased KRAS G12C amplification. Functional genome-wide CRISPR screening in KRASG12C-dependent NSCLC lines with distinct mutational profiles to identify adaptive mechanisms of resistance revealed sensitizing and rescuing genetic interactions with KRASG12C/SHP2 coinhibition; FGFR1 loss was the strongest sensitizer, and PTEN loss the strongest rescuer. Consistently, the antiproliferative activity of KRASG12C/SHP2 inhibition was strongly enhanced by PI3K inhibitors. Overall, KRAS G12C amplification and alterations of the MAPK/PI3K pathway were predominant mechanisms of resistance to combined KRASG12C/SHP2 inhibitors in preclinical settings. The biological nodes identified by CRISPR screening might provide additional starting points for effective combination treatments. SIGNIFICANCE Identification of resistance mechanisms to KRASG12C/SHP2 coinhibition highlights the need for additional combination therapies for lung cancer beyond on-pathway combinations and offers the basis for development of more effective combination approaches. See related commentary by Johnson and Haigis, p. 4005.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grainne Kerr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tina Yuan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David Ruddy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Michelle Piquet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yichen Cao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Flavia Adler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Luca Tordella
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Carmine Fedele
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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14
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Saitoh M. Transcriptional regulation of EMT transcription factors in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:21-29. [PMID: 37802266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the processes by which epithelial cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells in the developmental stage, known as "complete EMT." In epithelial cancer, EMT, also termed "partial EMT," is associated with invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, and is elicited by several transcription factors, frequently referred to as EMT transcription factors. Among these transcription factors that regulate EMT, ZEB1/2 (ZEB1 and ZEB2), SNAIL, and TWIST play a prominent role in driving the EMT process (hereafter referred to as "EMT-TFs"). Among these, ZEB1/2 show positive correlation with both expression of mesenchymal marker proteins and the aggressiveness of various carcinomas. On the other hand, TWIST and SNAIL are also correlated with the aggressiveness of carcinomas, but are not highly correlated with mesenchymal marker protein expression. Interestingly, these EMT-TFs are not detected simultaneously in any studied cases of aggressive cancers, except for sarcoma. Thus, only one or some of the EMT-TFs are expressed at high levels in cells of aggressive carcinomas. Expression of EMT-TFs is regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a well-established inducer of EMT, in cooperation with other signaling molecules, such as active RAS signals. The focus of this review is the molecular mechanisms by which EMT-TFs are transcriptionally sustained at sufficiently high levels in cells of aggressive carcinomas and upregulated by TGF-β during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Saitoh
- Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi, Japan.
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15
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Daley BR, Vieira HM, Rao C, Hughes JM, Beckley ZM, Huisman DH, Chatterjee D, Sealover NE, Cox K, Askew JW, Svoboda RA, Fisher KW, Lewis RE, Kortum RL. SOS1 and KSR1 modulate MEK inhibitor responsiveness to target resistant cell populations based on PI3K and KRAS mutation status. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313137120. [PMID: 37972068 PMCID: PMC10666034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313137120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene. Targeted therapies have been developed against mediators of key downstream signaling pathways, predominantly components of the RAF/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Unfortunately, single-agent efficacy of these agents is limited both by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Survival of drug-tolerant persister cells within the heterogeneous tumor population and/or acquired mutations that reactivate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS signaling can lead to outgrowth of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and drive therapeutic resistance. Here, we show that targeting the key RTK/RAS pathway signaling intermediates SOS1 (Son of Sevenless 1) or KSR1 (Kinase Suppressor of RAS 1) both enhances the efficacy of, and prevents resistance to, the MEK inhibitor trametinib in KRAS-mutated lung (LUAD) and colorectal (COAD) adenocarcinoma cell lines depending on the specific mutational landscape. The SOS1 inhibitor BI-3406 enhanced the efficacy of trametinib and prevented trametinib resistance by targeting spheroid-initiating cells in KRASG12/G13-mutated LUAD and COAD cell lines that lacked PIK3CA comutations. Cell lines with KRASQ61 and/or PIK3CA mutations were insensitive to trametinib and BI-3406 combination therapy. In contrast, deletion of the RAF/MEK/ERK scaffold protein KSR1 prevented drug-induced SIC upregulation and restored trametinib sensitivity across all tested KRAS mutant cell lines in both PIK3CA-mutated and PIK3CA wild-type cancers. Our findings demonstrate that vertical inhibition of RTK/RAS signaling is an effective strategy to prevent therapeutic resistance in KRAS-mutated cancers, but therapeutic efficacy is dependent on both the specific KRAS mutant and underlying comutations. Thus, selection of optimal therapeutic combinations in KRAS-mutated cancers will require a detailed understanding of functional dependencies imposed by allele-specific KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R. Daley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Heidi M. Vieira
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Chaitra Rao
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Jacob M. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Zaria M. Beckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Dianna H. Huisman
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Deepan Chatterjee
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Nancy E. Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Katherine Cox
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - James W. Askew
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert A. Svoboda
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Kurt W. Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert E. Lewis
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert L. Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
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16
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Macaya I, Roman M, Welch C, Entrialgo-Cadierno R, Salmon M, Santos A, Feliu I, Kovalski J, Lopez I, Rodriguez-Remirez M, Palomino-Echeverria S, Lonfgren SM, Ferrero M, Calabuig S, Ludwig IA, Lara-Astiaso D, Jantus-Lewintre E, Guruceaga E, Narayanan S, Ponz-Sarvise M, Pineda-Lucena A, Lecanda F, Ruggero D, Khatri P, Santamaria E, Fernandez-Irigoyen J, Ferrer I, Paz-Ares L, Drosten M, Barbacid M, Gil-Bazo I, Vicent S. Signature-driven repurposing of Midostaurin for combination with MEK1/2 and KRASG12C inhibitors in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6332. [PMID: 37816716 PMCID: PMC10564741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug combinations are key to circumvent resistance mechanisms compromising response to single anti-cancer targeted therapies. The implementation of combinatorial approaches involving MEK1/2 or KRASG12C inhibitors in the context of KRAS-mutated lung cancers focuses fundamentally on targeting KRAS proximal activators or effectors. However, the antitumor effect is highly determined by compensatory mechanisms arising in defined cell types or tumor subgroups. A potential strategy to find drug combinations targeting a larger fraction of KRAS-mutated lung cancers may capitalize on the common, distal gene expression output elicited by oncogenic KRAS. By integrating a signature-driven drug repurposing approach with a pairwise pharmacological screen, here we show synergistic drug combinations consisting of multi-tyrosine kinase PKC inhibitors together with MEK1/2 or KRASG12C inhibitors. Such combinations elicit a cytotoxic response in both in vitro and in vivo models, which in part involves inhibition of the PKC inhibitor target AURKB. Proteome profiling links dysregulation of MYC expression to the effect of both PKC inhibitor-based drug combinations. Furthermore, MYC overexpression appears as a resistance mechanism to MEK1/2 and KRASG12C inhibitors. Our study provides a rational framework for selecting drugs entering combinatorial strategies and unveils MEK1/2- and KRASG12C-based therapies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Macaya
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Roman
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Connor Welch
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Marina Salmon
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iker Feliu
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joanna Kovalski
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ines Lopez
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Remirez
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Palomino-Echeverria
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Shane M Lonfgren
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Macarena Ferrero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Para La Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Mixed Unit TRIAL (Principe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Para La Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Mixed Unit TRIAL (Principe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Molecular Therapies Program, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Genomics Platform, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Para La Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Mixed Unit TRIAL (Principe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Guruceaga
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Bioinformatics Platform, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- ProteoRed-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shruthi Narayanan
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Department of Medical Oncology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz-Sarvise
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Department of Medical Oncology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Molecular Therapies Program, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University of Navarra, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- ProteoRed-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Fernandez-Irigoyen
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- ProteoRed-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre & Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Department of Medical Oncology, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silve Vicent
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain.
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17
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Ren Q, Li Q, Shao C, Zhang P, Hu Z, Li J, Wang W, Yu Y. Establishing a prognostic model based on immune-related genes and identification of BIRC5 as a potential biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:897. [PMID: 37741993 PMCID: PMC10517491 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is an extraordinarily malignant tumor, with rapidly increasing morbidity and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has emerged as a hopeful therapeutic modality for lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, a prognostic model (based on immune genes) can fulfill the purpose of early diagnosis and accurate prognostic prediction. METHODS Immune-related mRNAs (IRmRNAs) were utilized to construct a prognostic model that sorted patients into high- and low-risk groups. Then, the prediction efficacy of our model was evaluated using a nomogram. The differences in overall survival (OS), the tumor mutation landscape, and the tumor microenvironment were further explored between different risk groups. In addition, the immune genes comprising the prognostic model were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the expression of these immune genes in different cells. Finally, the functions of BIRC5 were validated through in vitro experiments. RESULTS Patients in different risk groups exhibited sharply significant variations in OS, pathway activity, immune cell infiltration, mutation patterns, and immune response. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the expression level of BIRC5 was significantly high in T cells. Cell experiments further revealed that BIRC5 knockdown markedly reduced LUAD cell proliferation. CONCLUSION This model can function as an instrumental variable in the prognostic, molecular, and therapeutic prediction of LUAD, shedding new light on the optimal clinical practice guidelines for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhe Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenye Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Hu
- Department of Urology, Shuyang First People's Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Pamarthy D, Behera SK, Swain S, Yadav S, Suresh S, Jain N, Bhadra MP. Diaryl ether derivative inhibits GPX4 expression levels to induce ferroptosis in thyroid cancer cells. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:861-887. [PMID: 37070554 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma contributes to about 80% of the total thyroid cancer cases. BRAFV600E is a frequently occurring mutation in PTCs. Although several BRAF inhibitors are available, many thyroid cancer patients acquire resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Therefore, new targets and drugs need to be identified as therapies. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered type of cell death, and inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) using small molecules was found to trigger ferroptosis. But it is unknown whether inhibiting GPX4 renders thyroid cancer cells susceptible to ferroptosis. To identify novel GPX4 inhibitors, we focused on our previously reported cohort of diaryl ether and dibenzoxepine molecules. In this study, we asked whether diaryl ether and dibenzoxepine derivatives trigger ferroptosis in thyroid cancer cells. To answer this question, we screened diaryl ether and dibenzoxepine derivatives in cell-based assays and performed mechanism of action studies. We found that a diaryl ether derivative, 16 decreased thyroid cell proliferation and triggered ferroptosis by inhibiting GPX4 expression levels. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations showed that 16 binds to the active site of GPX4. Upon deciphering the mode of 16-induced ferroptosis, we found that 16 treatments decrease mitochondrial polarization and reduce mitochondrial respiration similar to a ferroptosis inducer, RSL3. We conclude that the diaryl ether derivative, 16 inhibits GPX4 expression levels to induce ferroptosis in thyroid cancer cells. Based on our observations, we suggest that 16 can be lead-optimized and developed as a ferroptosis-inducing agent to treat thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Pamarthy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonam Swain
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Surisetti Suresh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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19
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Theard PL, Linke AJ, Sealover NE, Daley BR, Yang J, Cox K, Kortum RL. SOS2 regulates the threshold of mutant EGFR-dependent oncogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524989. [PMID: 37425733 PMCID: PMC10327037 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Son of Sevenless 1 and 2 (SOS1 and SOS2) are RAS guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RasGEFs) that mediate physiologic and pathologic RTK-dependent RAS activation. Here, we show that SOS2 modulates the threshold of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling to regulate the efficacy of and resistance to the EGFR-TKI osimertinib in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). SOS2 deletion sensitized EGFR-mutated cells to perturbations in EGFR signaling caused by reduced serum and/or osimertinib treatment to inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway activation, oncogenic transformation, and survival. Bypass RTK reactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling represents a common resistance mechanism to EGFR-TKIs; SOS2 KO reduced PI3K/AKT reactivation to limit osimertinib resistance. In a forced HGF/MET-driven bypass model, SOS2 KO inhibited HGF-stimulated PI3K signaling to block HGF-driven osimertinib resistance. Using a long term in situ resistance assay, a majority of osimertinib resistant cultures exhibited a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype associated with reactivated RTK/AKT signaling. In contrast, RTK/AKT-dependent osimertinib resistance was markedly reduced by SOS2 deletion; the few SOS2 KO cultures that became osimertinib resistant primarily underwent non-RTK dependent EMT. Since bypass RTK reactivation and/or tertiary EGFR mutations represent the majority of osimertinib-resistant cancers, these data suggest that targeting SOS2 has the potential to eliminate the majority of osimertinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L. Theard
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
| | - Amanda J. Linke
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
| | - Nancy E. Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
| | - Brianna R. Daley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
| | - Johnny Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
| | - Katherine Cox
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
| | - Robert L Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 20814
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20
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Mann B, Zhang X, Bell N, Adefolaju A, Thang M, Dasari R, Kanchi K, Valdivia A, Yang Y, Buckley A, Lettry V, Quinsey C, Rauf Y, Kram D, Cassidy N, Vaziri C, Corcoran DL, Rego S, Jiang Y, Graves LM, Dunn D, Floyd S, Baldwin A, Hingtgen S, Satterlee AB. A living ex vivo platform for functional, personalized brain cancer diagnosis. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101042. [PMID: 37192626 PMCID: PMC10313921 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional precision medicine platforms are emerging as promising strategies to improve pre-clinical drug testing and guide clinical decisions. We have developed an organotypic brain slice culture (OBSC)-based platform and multi-parametric algorithm that enable rapid engraftment, treatment, and analysis of uncultured patient brain tumor tissue and patient-derived cell lines. The platform has supported engraftment of every patient tumor tested to this point: high- and low-grade adult and pediatric tumor tissue rapidly establishes on OBSCs among endogenous astrocytes and microglia while maintaining the tumor's original DNA profile. Our algorithm calculates dose-response relationships of both tumor kill and OBSC toxicity, generating summarized drug sensitivity scores on the basis of therapeutic window and allowing us to normalize response profiles across a panel of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and exploratory agents. Summarized patient tumor scores after OBSC treatment show positive associations to clinical outcomes, suggesting that the OBSC platform can provide rapid, accurate, functional testing to ultimately guide patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Mann
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noah Bell
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adebimpe Adefolaju
- Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Morrent Thang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajaneekar Dasari
- Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Krishna Kanchi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vivien Lettry
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn Quinsey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yasmeen Rauf
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Kram
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noah Cassidy
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen Rego
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Denise Dunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Albert Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew B Satterlee
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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21
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Adachi Y, Kimura R, Hirade K, Yanase S, Nishioka Y, Kasuga N, Yamaguchi R, Ebi H. Scribble mis-localization induces adaptive resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors through feedback activation of MAPK signaling mediated by YAP-induced MRAS. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:829-843. [PMID: 37277529 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells evade targeted drugs by rewiring their genetic and epigenetic networks. Here, we identified that inhibition of MAPK signaling rapidly induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program by promoting re-localization of an apical-basal polarity protein, Scribble, in oncogene-addicted lung cancer models. Mis-localization of Scribble suppressed Hippo-YAP signaling, leading to YAP nuclear translocation. Furthermore, we discovered that a RAS superfamily protein MRAS is a direct target of YAP. Treatment with KRAS G12C inhibitors induced MRAS expression, which formed a complex with SHOC2, precipitating feedback activation of MAPK signaling. Abrogation of YAP activation or MRAS induction enhanced the efficacy of KRAS G12C inhibitor treatment in vivo. These results highlight a role for protein localization in the induction of a non-genetic mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies in lung cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that induced MRAS expression is a key mechanism of adaptive resistance following KRAS G12C inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Adachi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Kimura
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hirade
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shogo Yanase
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishioka
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kasuga
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
- Division of Advanced Cancer Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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22
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Ma W, Tian M, Hu L, Ruan X, Zhang W, Zheng X, Gao M. Early Combined SHP2 Targeting Reverses the Therapeutic Resistance of Vemurafenib in Thyroid Cancer. J Cancer 2023; 14:1592-1604. [PMID: 37325052 PMCID: PMC10266257 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The BRAFV600E mutation is the most common oncogenic mutation in thyroid cancer, suggesting an aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer and poor prognosis. Vemurafenib, a selective inhibitor of BRAFV600E, may provide therapeutic benefit in various cancers including thyroid cancer. However, the prevalence of drug resistance remains a challenge because of the feedback activation of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. In treating thyroid cancer cells with vemurafenib, we have detected reactivation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway as a result of the release of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) from the negative feedback of ERK phosphorylation. SHP2 is an important target protein downstream of the RTK signaling pathway. Decreasing it through SHP2 knockdown or the use of an inhibitor of SHP2 (SHP099) was found to significantly increase the early sensitivity and reverse the late resistance to vemurafenib in BRAFV600E mutant thyroid cancer cells. Overall, our findings suggest that blocking SHP2 reverses the reactivation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway caused by the activation of RTKs and improves the sensitivity of thyroid cancer to vemurafenib, which has potential implications for mechanism-based early combination strategies to treat thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Mengran Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linfei Hu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, China
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23
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Eichner LJ, Curtis SD, Brun SN, McGuire CK, Gushterova I, Baumgart JT, Trefts E, Ross DS, Rymoff TJ, Shaw RJ. HDAC3 is critical in tumor development and therapeutic resistance in Kras-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd3243. [PMID: 36930718 PMCID: PMC10022903 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
HDAC3 is one of the main targets of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in clinical development as cancer therapies, yet the in vivo role of HDAC3 in solid tumors is unknown. We identified a critical role for HDAC3 in Kras-mutant lung cancer. Using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), we found that HDAC3 is required for lung tumor growth in vivo. HDAC3 was found to direct and enhance the transcription effects of the lung cancer lineage transcription factor NKX2-1 to mediate expression of a common set of target genes. We identified FGFR1 as a critical previously unidentified target of HDAC3. Leveraging this, we identified that an HDAC3-dependent transcriptional cassette becomes hyperactivated as Kras/LKB1-mutant cells develop resistance to the MEK inhibitor trametinib, and this can be reversed by treatment with the HDAC1/HDAC3 inhibitor entinostat. We found that the combination of entinostat plus trametinib treatment elicits therapeutic benefit in the Kras/LKB1 GEMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J. Eichner
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sonja N. Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Caroline K. McGuire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Irena Gushterova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joshua T. Baumgart
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Debbie S. Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Tammy J. Rymoff
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA
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24
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Rational combinations of targeted cancer therapies: background, advances and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:213-234. [PMID: 36509911 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, elucidation of the genetic defects that underlie cancer has resulted in a plethora of novel targeted cancer drugs. Although these agents can initially be highly effective, resistance to single-agent therapies remains a major challenge. Combining drugs can help avoid resistance, but the number of possible drug combinations vastly exceeds what can be tested clinically, both financially and in terms of patient availability. Rational drug combinations based on a deep understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with therapy resistance are potentially powerful in the treatment of cancer. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies and how effective drug combinations can be identified to combat resistance. The challenges in clinically developing these combinations and future perspectives are considered.
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25
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SHP2 inhibition mitigates adaptive resistance to MEK inhibitors in KRAS-mutant gastric cancer through the suppression of KSR1 activity. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216029. [PMID: 36493900 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promising antitumor activity of RAF/MEK inhibitors for RAS-driven cancers, not all patients respond to these therapies. Adaptive resistance has been reported as a major culprit in non-responders, which can be reversed by SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2is) in multiple cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that KRAS-mutant gastric cancer cells respond to MEK inhibitors (MEKis) with adaptive resistance. Markedly, SHP2 activation accompanied by ERK signaling restoration in MEKi-treated cells, and a MEKi and SHP2i combination had a synergistic effect on downstream signaling blockade. In vivo, SHP099 combined with AZD6244 (selumetinib) was highly efficacious for the treatment of xenografts. Mechanistically, SHP2 was found to interact with the scaffold protein KSR1 through its protein tyrosine phosphatase domain. KSR1 knockdown sensitized cells to AZD6244, whereas a KSR1 activating mutation (S269A) diminished the synergistic anti-proliferative effect of SHP2i and MEKi. Interestingly, activated SHP2, during adaptive resistance to MEKis, impaired the interaction with KSR1, activating KSR1 to promote MAPK signaling. In conclusion, SHP2 promotes adaptive resistance to MEKis by activating KSR1; selumetinib combined with SHP099 might be an available therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant gastric cancers.
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Wang X, Xie Q, Ji Y, Yang J, Shen J, Peng F, Zhang Y, Jiang F, Kong X, Ma W, Liu D, Zheng L, Qing C, Lang JY. Targeting KRAS-mutant stomach/colorectal tumors by disrupting the ERK2-p53 complex. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111972. [PMID: 36641751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is widely mutated in human cancers, resulting in unchecked tumor proliferation and metastasis, which makes identifying KRAS-targeting therapies a priority. Herein, we observe that mutant KRAS specifically promotes the formation of the ERK2-p53 complex in stomach/colorectal tumor cells. Disruption of this complex by applying MEK1/2 and ERK2 inhibitors elicits strong apoptotic responses in a p53-dependent manner, validated by genome-wide knockout screening. Mechanistically, p53 physically associates with phosphorylated ERK2 through a hydrophobic interaction in the presence of mutant KRAS, which suppresses p53 activation by preventing the recruitment of p300/CBP; trametinib disrupts the ERK2-p53 complex by reducing ERK2 phosphorylation, allowing the acetylation of p53 protein by recruiting p300/CBP; acetylated p53 activates PUMA transcription and thereby kills KRAS-mutant tumors. Our study shows an important role for the ERK2-p53 complex and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for treating KRAS-mutant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xie
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ji
- Bioinformatics Core, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Fangfei Peng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Leizhen Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chen Qing
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Lang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China.
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Global profiling of AMG510 modified proteins identified tumor suppressor KEAP1 as an off-target. iScience 2023; 26:106080. [PMID: 36824285 PMCID: PMC9942120 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS inhibitor AMG510 covalently modifies the G12C residue and inactivates the KRAS/G12C function. Because there are many reactive cysteines in the proteome, it is important to characterize AMG510 on-target modification and off-targets. Here, we presented a streamlined workflow to measure abundant AMG510 modified peptides including that of KRAS/G12C by direct profiling, and a pan-AMG510 antibody peptide IP workflow to profile less abundant AMG510 off-targets. We identified over 300 off-target sites with three distinct kinetic patterns, expanding the AMG510 modified proteome involved in the nucleocytoplasmic transport, response to oxidative stress, adaptive immune system, and glycolysis. We found that AMG510 covalently modified cys339 of ALDOA and inhibited its enzyme activity. Moreover, AMG510 modified KEAP1 cys288 and induced NRF2 accumulation in the nuclear of NSCLC cells independent of KRAS/G12C mutation. Our study provides a comprehensive resource of protein off-targets of AMG510 and elucidates potential toxicological sideeffects for this covalent KRASG12C inhibitor.
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28
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Takeuchi Y, Gotoh N. Inflammatory cytokine-enriched microenvironment plays key roles in the development of breast cancers. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1792-1799. [PMID: 36704829 PMCID: PMC10154879 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of breast cancer continues to increase, it is critical to develop prevention strategies for this disease. Inflammation underlies the onset of the disease, and NF-κB is a master transcription factor for inflammation. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is activated in a variety of cell types, including normal epithelial cells, cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and immune cells. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the earliest stage of breast cancer, and not all DCIS lesions develop into invasive breast cancers (IBC). Currently, most patients with DCIS undergo surgery with postoperative therapy, although there is a risk of overtreatment. In BRCA mutants, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)-positive progenitors serve as the cell of origin, and treatment using the RANK monoclonal antibody reduces the risk of IBC. There is still an unmet need to diagnose malignant DCIS, which has the potential to progress to IBC, and to establish appropriate prevention strategies. We recently demonstrated novel molecular mechanisms for NF-κB activation in premalignant mammary tissues, which include DCIS, and the resultant cytokine-enriched microenvironment is essential for breast cancer development. On the early endosomes in a few epithelial cells, the adaptor protein FRS2β, forming a complex with ErbB2, carries the IκB kinase (IKK) complex and leads to the activation of NF-κB, thereby inducing a variety of cytokines. Therefore, the FRS2β-NFκB axis in the inflammatory premalignant environment could be targetable to prevent IBC. Further analysis of the molecular mechanisms of inflammation in the premalignant microenvironment is necessary to prevent the risk of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Takeuchi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
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29
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Hattori T, Maso L, Araki KY, Koide A, Hayman J, Akkapeddi P, Bang I, Neel BG, Koide S. Creating MHC-Restricted Neoantigens with Covalent Inhibitors That Can Be Targeted by Immune Therapy. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:132-145. [PMID: 36250888 PMCID: PMC9827112 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular oncoproteins can be inhibited with targeted therapy, but responses are not durable. Immune therapies can be curative, but most oncogene-driven tumors are unresponsive to these agents. Fragments of intracellular oncoproteins can act as neoantigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), but recognizing minimal differences between oncoproteins and their normal counterparts is challenging. We have established a platform technology that exploits hapten-peptide conjugates generated by covalent inhibitors to create distinct neoantigens that selectively mark cancer cells. Using the FDA-approved covalent inhibitors sotorasib and osimertinib, we developed "HapImmune" antibodies that bind to drug-peptide conjugate/MHC complexes but not to the free drugs. A HapImmune-based bispecific T-cell engager selectively and potently kills sotorasib-resistant lung cancer cells upon sotorasib treatment. Notably, it is effective against KRASG12C-mutant cells with different HLA supertypes, HLA-A*02 and A*03/11, suggesting loosening of MHC restriction. Our strategy creates targetable neoantigens by design, unifying targeted and immune therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Targeted therapies against oncoproteins often have dramatic initial efficacy but lack durability. Immunotherapies can be curative, yet most tumors fail to respond. We developed a generalizable technology platform that exploits hapten-peptides generated by covalent inhibitors as neoantigens presented on MHC to enable engineered antibodies to selectively kill drug-resistant cancer cells. See related commentary by Cox et al., p. 19. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Hattori
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Maso
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Kiyomi Y. Araki
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Akiko Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - James Hayman
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Padma Akkapeddi
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Injin Bang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin G. Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Corresponding Authors: Shohei Koide, Smilow Research Center, Room 1105, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 646-501-4601; E-mail: ; and Benjamin G. Neel, Smilow Research Center, Suite 1201, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 212-263-3019; E-mail:
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Corresponding Authors: Shohei Koide, Smilow Research Center, Room 1105, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 646-501-4601; E-mail: ; and Benjamin G. Neel, Smilow Research Center, Suite 1201, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 212-263-3019; E-mail:
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30
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BRAF/MEK inhibition in NSCLC: mechanisms of resistance and how to overcome it. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:10-20. [PMID: 35729451 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy for oncogenic genetic alterations has changed the treatment paradigm of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mutations in the BRAF gene are detected in approximately 4% of patients and result in hyper-activation of the MAPK pathway, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Inhibition of BRAF and its downstream effector MEK constitutes a therapeutic strategy for a subset of patients with NSCLC and is associated with clinical benefit. Unfortunately, the majority of patients will develop disease progression within 1 year. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that resistance mechanisms involve the restoration of MAPK signaling which becomes inhibition-independent due to upstream or downstream alterations, and the activation of bypass pathways, such as the PI3/AKT/mTOR pathway. Future research should be directed to deciphering the mechanisms of cancer cells' oncogenic dependence, understanding the tissue-specific mechanisms of BRAF-mutant tumors, and optimizing treatment strategies after progression on BRAF and MEK inhibition.
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31
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Rosen JC, Sacher A, Tsao MS. Direct GDP-KRAS G12C inhibitors and mechanisms of resistance: the tip of the iceberg. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231160141. [PMID: 36950276 PMCID: PMC10026147 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231160141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations are observed in 25% of lung adenocarcinoma and 40% of these are G12C mutations. Historically, no approved targeted agents were available for patients with any KRAS mutation, and response rates to standard-of-care therapies were suboptimal. Newly developed inhibitors directed toward KRASG12C have been successful in clinical trials with overall response rates ranging between 32% and 46%, and two FDA approvals were granted in May 2021 and December 2022 as second-line or later monotherapies. However, rapid tumor resistance complicates their use as a monotherapy. With the rapid development of this novel class of inhibitors, it is important to discern the different types of tumor resistance that may arise and how each can differently contribute to tumor growth and survival. G12C inhibitor resistance is under investigation and combinations of therapies with G12C inhibitors have been proposed. Much of this insight is gleaned from preclinical investigations, as our knowledge of clinical resistance is in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the preclinical development of KRASG12C inhibitors, their clinical evaluations, different types of resistance mechanisms to these compounds, and ways of overcoming them. Finally, we underscore the importance of basic and translational investigations of these molecules in a landscape where their clinical evaluations garner the most attention, and we set the stage for what is to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Rosen
- Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre,
University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre,
University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of
Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of
Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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32
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Singh G, Thakur N, Kumar U. RAS: Circuitry and therapeutic targeting. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110505. [PMID: 36341985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has affected the lives of millions worldwide and is truly regarded as a devastating disease process. Despite advanced understanding of the genomic underpinning of cancer development and progression, therapeutic challenges are still persistent. Among all the human cancers, around 33% are attributed to mutations in RAS oncogene, a crucial component of the signaling pathways. With time, our understanding of RAS circuitry has improved and now the fact that it activates several downstream effectors, depending on the type and grades of cancer has been established. The circuitry is controlled via post-transcriptional mechanisms and frequent distortions in these mechanisms lead to important metabolic as well as immunological states that favor cancer cells' growth, survival, plasticity and metastasis. Therefore, understanding RAS circuitry can help researchers/clinicians to develop novel and potent therapeutics that, in turn, can save the lives of patients suffering from RAS-mutant cancers. There are many challenges presented by resistance and the potential strategies with a particular focus on novel combinations for overcoming these, that could move beyond transitory responses in the direction of treatment. Here in this review, we will look at how understanding the circuitry of RAS can be put to use in making strategies for developing therapeutics against RAS- driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, NH-05, Ludhiana - Chandigarh State Hwy, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Neelam Thakur
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, NH-05, Ludhiana - Chandigarh State Hwy, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140413, India; Department of Zoology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Government College Campus, Paddal, Kartarpur, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India.
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Adhyatmik Nagar, NH09, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201015, India.
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33
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Lähdeniemi IAK, Devlin JR, Nagaraj AS, Talwelkar SS, Bao J, Linnavirta N, Şeref Vujaklija C, Kiss EA, Hemmes A, Verschuren EW. Development of an adenosquamous carcinoma histopathology - selective lung metastasis model. Biol Open 2022; 11:281292. [PMID: 36355420 PMCID: PMC9770245 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical tumor models with native tissue microenvironments provide essential tools to understand how heterogeneous tumor phenotypes relate to drug response. Here we present syngeneic graft models of aggressive, metastasis-prone histopathology-specific NSCLC tumor types driven by KRAS mutation and loss of LKB1 (KL): adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). We show that subcutaneous injection of primary KL; ASC cells results in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumors with high levels of stromal infiltrates, lacking the source heterogeneous histotype. Despite forming subcutaneous tumors, intravenously injected KL;AC cells were unable to form lung tumors. In contrast, intravenous injection of KL;ASC cells leads to their lung re-colonization and lesions recapitulating the mixed AC and SCC histopathology, tumor immune suppressive microenvironment and oncogenic signaling profile of source tumors, demonstrating histopathology-selective phenotypic dominance over genetic drivers. Pan-ERBB inhibition increased survival, while selective ERBB1/EGFR inhibition did not, suggesting a role of the ERBB network crosstalk in resistance to ERBB1/EGFR. This immunocompetent NSCLC lung colonization model hence phenocopies key properties of the metastasis-prone ASC histopathology, and serves as a preclinical model to dissect therapy responses and metastasis-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A. K. Lähdeniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer R. Devlin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashwini S. Nagaraj
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarang S. Talwelkar
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jie Bao
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nora Linnavirta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ceren Şeref Vujaklija
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina A. Kiss
- University of Helsinki and Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annabrita Hemmes
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmy W. Verschuren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Author for correspondence ()
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34
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Discovery of a small molecule ligand of FRS2 that inhibits invasion and tumor growth. Cell Oncol 2022; 46:331-356. [PMID: 36495366 PMCID: PMC10060354 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Aberrant activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases drives oncogenic signaling through its proximal adaptor protein FRS2. Precise disruption of this disease-causing signal transmission in metastatic cancers could stall tumor growth and progression. The purpose of this study was to identify a small molecule ligand of FRS2 to interrupt oncogenic signal transmission from activated FGFRs.
Methods
We used pharmacophore-based computational screening to identify potential small molecule ligands of the PTB domain of FRS2, which couples FRS2 to FGFRs. We confirmed PTB domain binding of molecules identified with biophysical binding assays and validated compound activity in cell-based functional assays in vitro and in an ovarian cancer model in vivo. We used thermal proteome profiling to identify potential off-targets of the lead compound.
Results
We describe a small molecule ligand of the PTB domain of FRS2 that prevents FRS2 activation and interrupts FGFR signaling. This PTB-domain ligand displays on-target activity in cells and stalls FGFR-dependent matrix invasion in various cancer models. The small molecule ligand is detectable in the serum of mice at the effective concentration for prolonged time and reduces growth of the ovarian cancer model in vivo. Using thermal proteome profiling, we furthermore identified potential off-targets of the lead compound that will guide further compound refinement and drug development.
Conclusions
Our results illustrate a phenotype-guided drug discovery strategy that identified a novel mechanism to repress FGFR-driven invasiveness and growth in human cancers. The here identified bioactive leads targeting FGF signaling and cell dissemination provide a novel structural basis for further development as a tumor agnostic strategy to repress FGFR- and FRS2-driven tumors.
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35
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Farnsworth DA, Inoue Y, Johnson FD, de Rappard-Yuswack G, Lu D, Shi R, Ma LIJ, Mattar MS, Somwar R, Ladanyi M, Unni AM, Lockwood WW. MEK inhibitor resistance in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with addiction to sustained ERK suppression. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:88. [PMID: 36418460 PMCID: PMC9684561 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MEK inhibitors (MEKi) have limited efficacy in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, and this is attributed to both intrinsic and adaptive mechanisms of drug resistance. While many studies have focused on the former, there remains a dearth of data regarding acquired resistance to MEKi in LUAD. We established trametinib-resistant KRAS mutant LUAD cells through dose escalation and performed targeted MSK-IMPACT sequencing to identify drivers of MEKi resistance. Comparing resistant cells to their sensitive counterparts revealed alteration of genes associated with trametinib response. We describe a state of "drug addiction" in resistant cases where cells are dependent on continuous culture in trametinib for survival. We show that dependence on ERK2 suppression underlies this phenomenon and that trametinib removal hyperactivates ERK, resulting in ER stress and apoptosis. Amplification of KRASG12C occurs in drug-addicted cells and blocking mutant-specific activity with AMG 510 rescues the lethality associated with trametinib withdrawal. Furthermore, we show that increased KRASG12C expression is lethal to other KRAS mutant LUAD cells, consequential to ERK hyperactivation. Our study determines the drug-addicted phenotype in lung cancer is associated with KRAS amplification and demonstrates that toxic acquired genetic changes can develop de novo in the background of MAPK suppression with MEK inhibitors. We suggest that the presence of mutant KRAS amplification in patients may identify those that may benefit from a "drug holiday" to circumvent drug resistance. These findings demonstrate the toxic potential of hyperactive ERK signaling and highlight potential therapeutic opportunities in patients bearing KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Farnsworth
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fraser D. Johnson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Lu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rocky Shi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lok In Josephine Ma
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marissa S. Mattar
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Romel Somwar
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Arun M. Unni
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XMeyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - William W. Lockwood
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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36
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Ning W, Marti TM, Dorn P, Peng RW. Non-genetic adaptive resistance to KRAS G12C inhibition: EMT is not the only culprit. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1004669. [PMID: 36483040 PMCID: PMC9722758 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptions to therapeutic pressures exerted on cancer cells enable malignant progression of the tumor, culminating in escape from programmed cell death and development of resistant diseases. A common form of cancer adaptation is non-genetic alterations that exploit mechanisms already present in cancer cells and do not require genetic modifications that can also lead to resistance mechanisms. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the most prevalent mechanisms of adaptive drug resistance and resulting cancer treatment failure, driven by epigenetic reprogramming and EMT-specific transcription factors. A recent breakthrough in cancer treatment is the development of KRASG12C inhibitors, which herald a new era of therapy by knocking out a unique substitution of an oncogenic driver. However, these highly selective agents targeting KRASG12C, such as FDA-approved sotorasib (AMG510) and adagrasib (MRTX849), inevitably encounter multiple mechanisms of drug resistance. In addition to EMT, cancer cells can hijack or rewire the sophisticated signaling networks that physiologically control cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation to promote malignant cancer cell phenotypes, suggesting that inhibition of multiple interconnected signaling pathways may be required to block tumor progression on KRASG12C inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of cancer cells, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), contribute significantly to immune escape and tumor progression, suggesting a therapeutic approach that targets not only cancer cells but also the TME. Deciphering and targeting cancer adaptions promises mechanistic insights into tumor pathobiology and improved clinical management of KRASG12C-mutant cancer. This review presents recent advances in non-genetic adaptations leading to resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors, with a focus on oncogenic pathway rewiring, TME, and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ning
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Marti
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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37
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Boch T, Köhler J, Janning M, Loges S. Targeting the EGF receptor family in non-small cell lung cancer-increased complexity and future perspectives. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0540. [PMID: 36476337 PMCID: PMC9724226 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, but with the emergence of oncogene targeted therapies, treatment options have tremendously improved. Owing to their biological relevance, members of the ERBB receptor family, including the EGF receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3 and HER4, are among the best studied oncogenic drivers. Activating EGFR mutations are frequently observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the established first line treatment option for patients whose tumors bear "typical/classical" EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletions, L858R point mutations). Additionally, new TKIs are rapidly evolving with better efficacy to overcome primary and secondary treatment resistance (e.g., that due to T790M or C797S resistance mutations). Some atypical EGFR mutations, such as the most frequent exon 20 insertions, exhibit relative resistance to earlier generation TKIs through steric hindrance. In this subgroup, newer TKIs, such as mobocertinib and the bi-specific antibody amivantamab have recently been approved, whereas less frequent atypical EGFR mutations remain understudied. In contrast to EGFR, HER2 has long remained a challenging target, but better structural understanding has led to the development of newer generations of TKIs. The recent FDA approval of the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab-deruxtecan for pretreated patients with HER2 mutant NSCLC has been an important therapeutic breakthrough. HER3 and HER4 also exert oncogenic potential, and targeted treatment approaches are being developed, particularly for HER3. Overall, strategies to inhibit the oncogenic function of ERBB receptors in NSCLC are currently evolving at an unprecedented pace; therefore, this review summarizes current treatment standards and discusses the outlook for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Boch
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim 68135, Germany,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68135, Germany
| | - Jens Köhler
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim 68135, Germany,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68135, Germany
| | - Melanie Janning
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim 68135, Germany,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68135, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim 68135, Germany,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68135, Germany,Correspondence to: Sonja Loges, E-mail:
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Frank KJ, Mulero-Sánchez A, Berninger A, Ruiz-Cañas L, Bosma A, Görgülü K, Wu N, Diakopoulos KN, Kaya-Aksoy E, Ruess DA, Kabacaoğlu D, Schmidt F, Kohlmann L, van Tellingen O, Thijssen B, van de Ven M, Proost N, Kossatz S, Weber WA, Sainz B, Bernards R, Algül H, Lesina M, Mainardi S. Extensive preclinical validation of combined RMC-4550 and LY3214996 supports clinical investigation for KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100815. [PMID: 36384095 PMCID: PMC9729824 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 90% of pancreatic cancers present mutations in KRAS, one of the most common oncogenic drivers overall. Currently, most KRAS mutant isoforms cannot be targeted directly. Moreover, targeting single RAS downstream effectors induces adaptive resistance mechanisms. We report here on the combined inhibition of SHP2, upstream of KRAS, using the allosteric inhibitor RMC-4550 and of ERK, downstream of KRAS, using LY3214996. This combination shows synergistic anti-cancer activity in vitro, superior disruption of the MAPK pathway, and increased apoptosis induction compared with single-agent treatments. In vivo, we demonstrate good tolerability and efficacy of the combination, with significant tumor regression in multiple pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mouse models. Finally, we show evidence that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to assess early drug responses in animal models. Based on these results, we will investigate this drug combination in the SHP2 and ERK inhibition in pancreatic cancer (SHERPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04916236) clinical trial, enrolling patients with KRAS-mutant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin J Frank
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Mulero-Sánchez
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Berninger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Astrid Bosma
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kıvanç Görgülü
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nan Wu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kalliope N Diakopoulos
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ezgi Kaya-Aksoy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Ruess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center of Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Derya Kabacaoğlu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Fränze Schmidt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Larissa Kohlmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Thijssen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research, Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie Proost
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research, Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine at Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine at Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rene Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hana Algül
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Mainardi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Behl A, Solanki S, Paswan SK, Datta TK, Saini AK, Saini RV, Parmar VS, Thakur VK, Malhotra S, Chhillar AK. Biodegradable PEG-PCL Nanoparticles for Co-delivery of MUC1 Inhibitor and Doxorubicin for the Confinement of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2022; 31:999-1018. [PMID: 36405816 PMCID: PMC9651876 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-022-02654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Combating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still a problem, despite the development of numerous drug delivery approaches. Mucin1 (MUC1), a glycoprotein linked to chemo-resistance and progressive malignancy, is unregulated in TNBC. GO-201, a MUC1 peptide inhibitor that impairs MUC1 activity, promotes necrotic cell death by binding to the MUC1-C unit. The current study deals with the synthesis and development of a novel nano-formulation (DM-PEG-PCL NPs) comprising of polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL) polymer loaded with MUC1 inhibitor and an effective anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). The DOX and MUC1 loaded nanoparticles were fully characterized, and their different physicochemical properties, viz. size, shape, surface charge, entrapment efficiencies, release behavior, etc., were determined. With IC50 values of 5.8 and 2.4 nm on breast cancer cell lines, accordingly, and a combination index (CI) of < 1.0, DM-PEG-PCL NPs displayed enhanced toxicity towards breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) than DOX-PEG-PCL and MUC1i-PEG-PCL nanoparticles. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed DOX localization in the nucleus and MUC1 inhibitor in the mitochondria. Further, DM-PEG-PCL NPs treated breast cancer cells showed increased mitochondrial damage with enhancement in caspase-3 expression and reduction in Bcl-2 expression.In vivo evaluation using Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma bearing mice explicitly stated that DM-PEG-PCL NPs therapy minimized tumor growth relative to control treatment. Further, acute toxicity studies did not reveal any adverse effects on organs and their functions, as no mortalities were observed. The current research reports for the first time the synergistic approach of combination entrapment of a clinical chemotherapeutic (DOX) and an anticancer peptide (MUC1 inhibitor) encased in a diblock PEG-PCL copolymer. Incorporating both DOX and MUC1 inhibitors in PEG-PCL NPs in the designed nanoformulation has provided chances and insights for treating triple-negative breast tumors. Our controlled delivery technology is biodegradable, non-toxic, and anti-multidrug-resistant. In addition, this tailored smart nanoformulation has been particularly effective in the therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10924-022-02654-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Behl
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001 India
| | - Subhash Solanki
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - Shravan K. Paswan
- Pharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Tirtha K. Datta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - Adesh K. Saini
- Central Research Cell and Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133 207 India
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Central Research Cell and Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133 207 India
| | - Virinder S. Parmar
- Nanoscience Department, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, City College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031 USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 303 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | | | - Anil K. Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001 India
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40
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Yang C, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhu AX, Bernards R, Qin W, Wang C. Evolving therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:203-222. [PMID: 36369487 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid malignancies worldwide. A large proportion of patients with HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages and are only amenable to systemic therapies. We have witnessed the evolution of systemic therapies from single-agent targeted therapy (sorafenib and lenvatinib) to the combination of a checkpoint inhibitor plus targeted therapy (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy). Despite remarkable advances, only a small subset of patients can obtain durable clinical benefit, and therefore substantial therapeutic challenges remain. In the past few years, emerging systemic therapies, including new molecular-targeted monotherapies (for example, donafenib), new immuno-oncology monotherapies (for example, durvalumab) and new combination therapies (for example, durvalumab plus tremelimumab), have shown encouraging results in clinical trials. In addition, many novel therapeutic approaches with the potential to offer improved treatment effects in patients with advanced HCC, such as sequential combination targeted therapy and next-generation adoptive cell therapy, have also been proposed and developed. In this Review, we summarize the latest clinical advances in the treatment of advanced HCC and discuss future perspectives that might inform the development of more effective therapeutics for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Jiahui International Cancer Center, Jiahui Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - René Bernards
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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41
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Gao F, Li C, Smith SM, Peinado N, Kohbodi G, Tran E, Loh YHE, Li W, Borok Z, Minoo P. Decoding the IGF1 signaling gene regulatory network behind alveologenesis from a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. eLife 2022; 11:e77522. [PMID: 36214448 PMCID: PMC9581530 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung development is precisely controlled by underlying gene regulatory networks (GRN). Disruption of genes in the network can interrupt normal development and cause diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) - a chronic lung disease in preterm infants with morbid and sometimes lethal consequences characterized by lung immaturity and reduced alveolarization. Here, we generated a transgenic mouse exhibiting a moderate severity BPD phenotype by blocking IGF1 signaling in secondary crest myofibroblasts (SCMF) at the onset of alveologenesis. Using approaches mirroring the construction of the model GRN in sea urchin's development, we constructed the IGF1 signaling network underlying alveologenesis using this mouse model that phenocopies BPD. The constructed GRN, consisting of 43 genes, provides a bird's eye view of how the genes downstream of IGF1 are regulatorily connected. The GRN also reveals a mechanistic interpretation of how the effects of IGF1 signaling are transduced within SCMF from its specification genes to its effector genes and then from SCMF to its neighboring alveolar epithelial cells with WNT5A and FGF10 signaling as the bridge. Consistently, blocking WNT5A signaling in mice phenocopies BPD as inferred by the network. A comparative study on human samples suggests that a GRN of similar components and wiring underlies human BPD. Our network view of alveologenesis is transforming our perspective to understand and treat BPD. This new perspective calls for the construction of the full signaling GRN underlying alveologenesis, upon which targeted therapies for this neonatal chronic lung disease can be viably developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Changgong Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Susan M Smith
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Neil Peinado
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Golenaz Kohbodi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Evelyn Tran
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Yong-Hwee Eddie Loh
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
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Feng J, Lian Z, Xia X, Lu Y, Hu K, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Hu L, Yuan K, Sun Z, Pang X. Targeting metabolic vulnerability in mitochondria conquers MEK inhibitor resistance in KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1145-1163. [PMID: 36970205 PMCID: PMC10031260 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
MEK is a canonical effector of mutant KRAS; however, MEK inhibitors fail to yield satisfactory clinical outcomes in KRAS-mutant cancers. Here, we identified mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) induction as a profound metabolic alteration to confer KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resistance to the clinical MEK inhibitor trametinib. Metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid oxidation were markedly enhanced and coordinately powered the OXPHOS system in resistant cells after trametinib treatment, satisfying their energy demand and protecting them from apoptosis. As molecular events in this process, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase IA (CPTIA), two rate-limiting enzymes that control the metabolic flux of pyruvate and palmitic acid to mitochondrial respiration were activated through phosphorylation and transcriptional regulation. Importantly, the co-administration of trametinib and IACS-010759, a clinical mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that blocks OXPHOS, significantly impeded tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Overall, our findings reveal that MEK inhibitor therapy creates a metabolic vulnerability in the mitochondria and further develop an effective combinatorial strategy to circumvent MEK inhibitors resistance in KRAS-driven NSCLC.
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43
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Harris Y, Sason H, Niezni D, Shamay Y. Automated discovery of nanomaterials via drug aggregation induced emission. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121800. [PMID: 36166893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoformulations of small molecule drugs are essential to effectively deliver them and treat a wide range of diseases. They are normally complex to develop, lack predictability, and exhibit low drug loading. Recently, nanoparticles made via co-assembly of hydrophobic drugs and organic dyes, exhibited drug-loading of up to 90% with high predictability from the drug structure. However, these particles have relatively short stability and can formulate only a small fraction of the drug space. Here, we developed an automated workflow to synthesize and select novel dye stabilizers, based on their ability to inhibit drug aggregation-induced emission (AIE). We first screened and identified 10 drugs with previously unknown strong AIE activity and exploited this trait to automatically synthesize and select a new ultra-stabilizer named R595. Interestingly, it shares several synthetic similarities and advantages with polydopamine. We found that R595 is superior to myriad types of excipients and solubilizers such as cyclodextrins, poloxamers, albumin, and previously published organic dyes, in both long-term stability and drug compatibility. We investigated the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of the AIEgenic MEK inhibitor trametinib-R595 nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated that they are non-toxic and effective in KRAS driven colon and lung cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Harris
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hagit Sason
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Danna Niezni
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yosi Shamay
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Fernandes GMDM, Serafim Junior V, Galbiatti-Dias ALS, Ferreira LAM, Castanhole-Nunes MMU, Kawasaki-Oyama RS, Maniglia JV, Pavarino EC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Treatment effects of the EGFR pathway drugs on head and neck cancer stem cells. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4196-4210. [PMID: 36225637 PMCID: PMC9548020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and show low survival rates and drug resistance, which can be due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small cell population with metastatic potential, invasion and self-renewal ability. (2) Here, seven tumor cells were sorted as CD44+/CD117+/CD133+ or ALDH+, considered as HNC stem cells (HNCSCs), and as CD44-/CD117-/CD133- or ALDH-, considered non-HNCSCs after both cells sorted criteria was compared to evaluate cell migration, invasion, and colony forming assays. These subpopulations were treated with Cetuximab, Paclitaxel, or a combination of both drugs and evaluated for cell viability. Quantitative PCR and western blot were performed to evaluate EGFR, TRKB, KRAS and HIF-1α gene and protein expression. (3) HNCSCs presented more colonies and appeared to be more sensitive to the drug combination when compared with non-HNCSCs, regardless cells sorted criteria and primary tumor subsite. The EGFR, TRKB, KRAS and HIF-1α genes and proteins were upregulated in CSCs compared with non-HNCSCs, thus explaining the drug resistance. (4) This study contributes to the better development of specific therapeutic protocols based on Cetuximab and Paclitaxel drugs in the treatment of HNC in the presence of CSCs and cell proliferation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Maria de Mendonça Fernandes
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vilson Serafim Junior
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia Silva Galbiatti-Dias
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Antunes Muniz Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Urbanin Castanhole-Nunes
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Sayoko Kawasaki-Oyama
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Victor Maniglia
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Pavarino
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saitoh M. Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition by Synergy between Transforming Growth Factor-β and Growth Factors in Cancer Progression. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092127. [PMID: 36140527 PMCID: PMC9497767 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in appropriate embryonic development, as well as wound healing, organ fibrosis, and cancer progression. During cancer progression, EMT is associated with the invasion, metastasis, and generation of circulating tumor cells and cancer stem cells, as well as resistance to chemo- and radiation therapy. EMT is induced by several transcription factors, known as EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs). In nearly all cases, EMT-TFs appear to be regulated by growth factors or cytokines and extracellular matrix components. Among these factors, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β acts as the key mediator for EMT during physiological and pathological processes. TGF-β can initiate and maintain EMT by activating intracellular/intercellular signaling pathways and transcriptional factors. Recent studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sustained EMT in aggressive cancer cells, EMT induced by TGF-β, and crosstalk between TGF-β and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Saitoh
- Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-City, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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46
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Kitano S, Yamamoto T, Taketo MM. A novel parameter for cancer chemosensitivity to FGFR inhibitors. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4005-4010. [PMID: 35950366 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors (FGFRi) were introduced into clinical trials on several cancer types and found to be particularly efficacious on urothelial cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Although many enrolled patients responded well in clinical trials, there were some patients who did not respond to FGFRi despite that their tumors carried the genomic changes that met the enrollment criteria. As already established, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) share the downstream signaling pathway of MAPK activation. Accordingly, it is conceivable that targeted inhibition of FGFR alone may leave the MAPK signaling unaffected when the signaling through EGFR is relatively strong. To test this hypothesis, we calculated here the FGFR to EGFR mRNA ratio (F/E for short) of biliary-tract and urothelial cancer cell lines utilized in preclinical studies. In six biliary-tract cancer cell lines, two responsive lines had F/E of 9.5 and 9.0, whereas four nonresponsive lines had 0.1-1.8. In 22 urothelial cancer cell lines, four of the five responsive lines showed F/E of 2.8-4.9 (median, 3.6), whereas 17 nonresponsive lines had 0.01-2.7 (median, 0.6) (P = 0.004). We further investigated our 47 patient-derived colorectal cancer-stem cell (CRC-SC) spheroid lines. The 18 responsive lines showed relatively high F/E (median, 16.4), whereas 29 nonresponsive lines had low F/E (median, 9.2) (P = 0.0006). These results suggest that F/E is another strong predictor of responses to FGFRi that is as useful as the current genomic criteria based solely on the FGFR genomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kitano
- iACT-Colon Cancer Project, Kyoto University Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehito Yamamoto
- iACT-Colon Cancer Project, Kyoto University Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- iACT-Colon Cancer Project, Kyoto University Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Gu Y, Wei C, Chung M, Li H, Guo Z, Long M, Li Y, Wang W, Aimaier R, Li Q, Wang Z. Concurrent inhibition of FAK/SRC and MEK overcomes MEK inhibitor resistance in Neurofibromatosis Type I related malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910505. [PMID: 35965583 PMCID: PMC9372505 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas which lack effective drugs. Loss of the RAS GTPase-activating protein NF1 and subsequent overactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK) signaling exist nearly uniformly in MPNST, making MAPK inhibition a promising therapeutic intervention. However, the efficacy of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) monotherapy was limited in MPNST and the relative mechanisms remained largely unexplored. In this study, we generated three MEKi-resistant cell models and investigated the mechanisms of MEKi resistance using high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing. We discovered that cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by MEKi were rescued in MEKi-resistant cells and the upregulation of LAMA4/ITGB1/FAK/SRC signaling conferred resistance to MEKi. In addition, concurrent inhibition of MAPK signaling and FAK/SRC cascade could sensitize MPNST cells to MEKi. Our findings provide potential solutions to overcome MEKi resistance and effective combination therapeutic strategies for treating MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjiang Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Manhon Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zizhen Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Manmei Long
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rehanguli Aimaier
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhichao Wang, ; ; Qingfeng Li, ;
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhichao Wang, ; ; Qingfeng Li, ;
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48
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Wang H, Chi L, Yu F, Dai H, Si X, Gao C, Wang Z, Liu L, Zheng J, Ke Y, Liu H, Zhang Q. The overview of Mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)-based dual inhibitor in the treatment of cancers. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 70:116922. [PMID: 35849914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) are the critical components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (MAPK/ERK1/2) signaling pathway which is one of the well-characterized kinase cascades regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, growth, metabolism, survival and mobility both in normal and cancer cells. The aberrant activation of MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway is a hallmark of numerous human cancers, therefore targeting the components of this pathway to inhibit its dysregulation is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Enormous efforts have been done in the development of MEK1/2 inhibitors and encouraging advancements have been made, including four inhibitors approved for clinical use. However, due to the multifactorial property of cancer and rapidly arising drug resistance, the clinical efficacy of these MEK1/2 inhibitors as monotherapy are far from ideal. Several alternative strategies have been developed to improve the limited clinical efficacy, including the dual inhibitor which is a single drug molecule able to simultaneously inhibit two targets. In this review, we first introduced the activation and function of the MAPK/ERK1/2 components and discussed the advantages of MEK1/2-based dual inhibitors compared with the single inhibitors and combination therapy in the treatment of cancers. Then, we overviewed the MEK1/2-based dual inhibitors for the treatment of cancers and highlighted the theoretical basis of concurrent inhibition of MEK1/2 and other targets for development of these dual inhibitors. Besides, the status and results of these dual inhibitors in both preclinical and clinical studies were also the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingling Chi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuqiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongling Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaojie Si
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Chong W, Zhu X, Ren H, Ye C, Xu K, Wang Z, Jia S, Shang L, Li L, Chen H. Integrated multi-omics characterization of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5138-5154. [PMID: 35836817 PMCID: PMC9274732 DOI: 10.7150/thno.73089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutation is the most frequent oncogenic aberration in colorectal cancer (CRC). The molecular mechanism and clinical implications of KRAS mutation in CRC remain unclear and show high heterogeneity within these tumors. Methods: We harnessed the multi-omics data (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic etc.) of KRAS-mutant CRC tumors and performed unsupervised clustering to identify proteomics-based subgroups and molecular characterization. Results: In-depth analysis of the tumor microenvironment by single-cell transcriptomic revealed the cellular landscape of KRAS-mutant CRC tumors and identified the specific cell subsets with KRAS mutation. Integrated multi-omics analyses separated the KRAS-mutant tumors into two distinct molecular subtypes, termed KRAS-M1 (KM1) and KRAS-M2 (KM2). The two subtypes had a similar distribution of mutated residues in KRAS (G12D/V/C etc.) but were characterized by distinct features in terms of prognosis, genetic alterations, microenvironment dysregulation, biological phenotype, and potential therapeutic approaches. Proteogenomic analyses revealed that the EMT, TGF-β and angiogenesis pathways were enriched in the KM2 subtype and that the KM2 subtype was associated with the mesenchymal phenotype-related CMS4 subtype, which indicated stromal invasion and worse prognosis. The KM1 subtype was characterized predominantly by activation of the cell cycle, E2F and RNA transcription and was associated with the chromosomal instability (CIN)-related ProS-E proteomic subtype, which suggested cyclin-dependent features and better survival outcomes. Moreover, drug sensitivity analyses based on three compound databases revealed subgroup-specific agents for KM1 and KM2 tumors. Conclusions: This study clarifies the molecular heterogeneity of KRAS-mutant CRC and reveals new biological subtypes and therapeutic possibilities for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huicheng Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunshui Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengtao Jia
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Hao Chen, Ph.D, Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China. E-mail: , . Prof. Leping Li, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. E-mail:
| | - Hao Chen
- Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Hao Chen, Ph.D, Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China. E-mail: , . Prof. Leping Li, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. E-mail:
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50
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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