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Park HJ, Choi EA, Choi SM, Choi YK, Lee JI, Jung KC. IL-4/IL-4 Ab complex enhances the accumulation of both antigen-specific and bystander CD8 T cells in mouse lungs infected with influenza A virus. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:32. [PMID: 38037190 PMCID: PMC10691054 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike conventional T cells, innate and virtual-memory CD8 T cells in naïve mice acquire their memory phenotypes and functions in the absence of antigenic encounters in a cytokine-dependent manner. The relevant cytokines include interleukin-4 (IL-4), type I interferon, and interleukin-15 (IL-15). Moreover, exogenous IL-4 can also induce de novo generation and/or expansion of the virtual-memory CD8 T cell population. In this study, we investigated whether exogenous IL-4 could enhance the immune response to a viral infection. RESULTS In vivo administration of IL-4 and an anti-IL-4 antibody complex (IL-4C) increased CXCR3 expression in both memory and naïve phenotype CD8 T cells in the absence of antigenic stimulation, and protected mice from lethal influenza infection. Flow cytometric analysis of lung-infiltrating immune cells on day 5 after virus infection revealed higher numbers of antigen-specific and bystander CD8 T cells in IL-4C-treated mice than in control mice. In particular, the bystander CD8 T cells were a naïve or evident memory phenotypes. Crucially, an anti-CXCR3 blocking antibody abrogated this IL-4C effect, reflecting that the increased accumulation of CD8 T cells in the lungs after IL-4C treatment is dependent on CXCR3. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that exogenous IL-4C plays a protective role by enhancing CXCR3-dependent migration of CD8 T cells into influenza-infected lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hi Jung Park
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ah Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Lee
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Jiang B, Weinstock DM, Donovan KA, Sun HW, Wolfe A, Amaka S, Donaldson NL, Wu G, Jiang Y, Wilcox RA, Fischer ES, Gray NS, Wu W. ITK degradation to block T cell receptor signaling and overcome therapeutic resistance in T cell lymphomas. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:383-393.e6. [PMID: 37015223 PMCID: PMC10151063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is essential for T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and plays an integral role in T cell proliferation and differentiation. Unlike the ITK homolog BTK, no inhibitors of ITK are currently US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. In addition, recent studies have identified mutations within BTK that confer resistance to both covalent and non-covalent inhibitors. Here, as an alternative strategy, we report the development of BSJ-05-037, a potent and selective heterobifunctional degrader of ITK. BSJ-05-037 displayed enhanced anti-proliferative effects relative to its parent inhibitor BMS-509744, blocked the activation of NF-kB/GATA-3 signaling, and increased the sensitivity of T cell lymphoma cells to cytotoxic chemotherapy both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, targeted degradation of ITK is a novel approach to modulate TCR signal strength that could have broad application for the investigation and treatment of T cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishan Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - David M Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ashley Wolfe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sam Amaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas L Donaldson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gongwei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Li S, Wu Q, Liu J, Zhong Y. Identification of Two m6A Readers YTHDF1 and IGF2BP2 as Immune Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:903634. [PMID: 35646049 PMCID: PMC9133459 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.903634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification pattern in mammals that a plays critical role in tumorigenesis and immune regulations. However, the effect of m6A modification on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been clearly studied.Methods: We screened m6A regulators that were significantly correlated with tumor immune status indicated by ImmuneScore using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and obtained distinct patient clusters based on the expression of these m6A regulators with the R package “CensusClusterPlus.” We then performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), CIBERSORT, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to assess the differences in gene function enrichment and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) among these clusters. We further conducted differently expressed gene (DEG) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to determine hub genes among these clusters. Finally, we used the GSE65858 dataset as an external validation cohort to confirm the immune profiles related to the expression of m6A regulators.Results: Two m6A readers, YTHDF1 and IGF2BP2, were found to be significantly associated with distinct immune status in HNSCC. Accordingly, patients were divided into two clusters with Cluster 1 showing high expression of YTHDF1 and IGF2BP2 and Cluster 2 showing low expression levels of both genes. Clinicopathologically, patients from Cluster 1 had more advanced T stage and pathological grades than those from Cluster 2. GSEA showed that Cluster 1 was closely related to the RNA modification process and Cluster 2 was significantly correlated with immune regulations. Cluster 2 had a more active TIME characterized by a more relative abundance of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells and higher levels of MHC I and MHC II molecules. We constructed a PPI network composed of 16 hub genes between the two clusters, which participated in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. These results were externally validated in the GSE65858 dataset.Conclusions: The m6A readers, YTHDF1 and IGF2BP2, were potential immune biomarkers in HNSCC and could be potential treatment targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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4
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Luo M, Xu L, Qian Z, Sun X. Infection-Associated Thymic Atrophy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652538. [PMID: 34113341 PMCID: PMC8186317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is a vital organ of the immune system that plays an essential role in thymocyte development and maturation. Thymic atrophy occurs with age (physiological thymic atrophy) or as a result of viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal infection (pathological thymic atrophy). Thymic atrophy directly results in loss of thymocytes and/or destruction of the thymic architecture, and indirectly leads to a decrease in naïve T cells and limited T cell receptor diversity. Thus, it is important to recognize the causes and mechanisms that induce thymic atrophy. In this review, we highlight current progress in infection-associated pathogenic thymic atrophy and discuss its possible mechanisms. In addition, we discuss whether extracellular vesicles/exosomes could be potential carriers of pathogenic substances to the thymus, and potential drugs for the treatment of thymic atrophy. Having acknowledged that most current research is limited to serological aspects, we look forward to the possibility of extending future work regarding the impact of neural modulation on thymic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Luo
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxin Xu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Qian
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Pérez AR, de Meis J, Rodriguez-Galan MC, Savino W. The Thymus in Chagas Disease: Molecular Interactions Involved in Abnormal T-Cell Migration and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1838. [PMID: 32983098 PMCID: PMC7492291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite T. cruzi, is a prevalent parasitic disease in Latin America. Presently, it is spreading around the world by human migration, thus representing a new global health issue. Chronically infected individuals reveal a dissimilar disease progression: while nearly 60% remain without apparent disease for life, 30% develop life-threatening pathologies, such as chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) or megaviscerae. Inflammation driven by parasite persistence seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. However, there is also evidence of the occurrence of autoimmune events, mainly caused by molecular mimicry and bystander activation. In experimental models of disease, is well-established that T. cruzi infects the thymus and causes locally profound structural and functional alterations. The hallmark is a massive loss of CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes, mainly triggered by increased levels of glucocorticoids, although other mechanisms seem to act simultaneously. Thymic epithelial cells (TEC) exhibited an increase in extracellular matrix deposition, which are related to thymocyte migratory alterations. Moreover, medullary TEC showed a decreased expression of AIRE and altered expression of microRNAs, which might be linked to a disrupted negative selection of the T-cell repertoire. Also, almost all stages of thymocyte development are altered, including an abnormal output of CD4−CD8− double negative (DN) and DP immature and mature cells, many of them carrying prohibited TCR-Vβ segments. Evidence has shown that DN and DP cells with an activated phenotype can be tracked in the blood of humans with chronic Chagas disease and also in the secondary lymphoid organs and heart of infected mice, raising new questions about the relevance of these populations in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease and their possible link with thymic alterations and an immunoendocrine imbalance. Here, we discuss diverse molecular mechanisms underlying thymic abnormalities occurring during T. cruzi infection and their link with CCC, which may contribute to the design of innovative strategies to control Chagas disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juliana de Meis
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Amado T, Amorim A, Enguita FJ, Romero PV, Inácio D, de Miranda MP, Winter SJ, Simas JP, Krueger A, Schmolka N, Silva-Santos B, Gomes AQ. MicroRNA-181a regulates IFN-γ expression in effector CD8 + T cell differentiation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:309-320. [PMID: 32002568 PMCID: PMC7007887 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are key players in immunity against intracellular infections and tumors. The main cytokine associated with these protective responses is interferon-γ (IFN-γ), whose production is known to be regulated at the transcriptional level during CD8+ T cell differentiation. Here we found that microRNAs constitute a posttranscriptional brake to IFN-γ expression by CD8+ T cells, since the genetic interference with the Dicer processing machinery resulted in the overproduction of IFN-γ by both thymic and peripheral CD8+ T cells. Using a gene reporter mouse for IFN-γ locus activity, we compared the microRNA repertoires associated with the presence or absence of IFN-γ expression. This allowed us to identify a set of candidates, including miR-181a and miR-451, which were functionally tested in overexpression experiments using synthetic mimics in peripheral CD8+ T cell cultures. We found that miR-181a limits IFN-γ production by suppressing the expression of the transcription factor Id2, which in turn promotes the Ifng expression program. Importantly, upon MuHV-4 challenge, miR-181a-deficient mice showed a more vigorous IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cell response and were able to control viral infection significantly more efficiently than control mice. These data collectively establish a novel role for miR-181a in regulating IFN-γ–mediated effector CD8+ T cell responses in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Amado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Amorim
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Institute of experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula V Romero
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Inácio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pires de Miranda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Samantha J Winter
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Pedro Simas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Schmolka
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Anita Q Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,H&TRC Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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7
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Mahajan VS, Demissie E, Alsufyani F, Kumari S, Yuen GJ, Viswanadham V, Huang A, Tran JQ, Moon JJ, Irvine DJ, Pillai S. DOCK2 Sets the Threshold for Entry into the Virtual Memory CD8 + T Cell Compartment by Negatively Regulating Tonic TCR Triggering. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:49-57. [PMID: 31740487 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The control of cytoskeletal dynamics by dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2), a hematopoietic cell-specific actin effector protein, has been implicated in TCR signaling and T cell migration. Biallelic mutations in Dock2 have been identified in patients with a recessive form of combined immunodeficiency with defects in T, B, and NK cell activation. Surprisingly, we show in this study that certain immune functions of CD8+ T cells are enhanced in the absence of DOCK2. Dock2-deficient mice have a pronounced expansion of their memory T cell compartment. Bone marrow chimera and adoptive transfer studies indicate that these memory T cells develop in a cell-intrinsic manner following thymic egress. Transcriptional profiling, TCR repertoire analyses, and cell surface marker expression indicate that Dock2-deficient naive CD8+ T cells directly convert into virtual memory cells without clonal effector T cell expansion. This direct conversion to memory is associated with a selective increase in TCR sensitivity to self-peptide MHC in vivo and an enhanced response to weak agonist peptides ex vivo. In contrast, the response to strong agonist peptides remains unaltered in Dock2-deficient T cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that the regulation of the actin dynamics by DOCK2 enhances the threshold for entry into the virtual memory compartment by negatively regulating tonic TCR triggering in response to weak agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ezana Demissie
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Faisal Alsufyani
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139.,King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudha Kumari
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
| | - Grace J Yuen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Andrew Huang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Johnson Q Tran
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139.,The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139;
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8
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Liu B, Bao L, Wang L, Li F, Wen M, Li H, Deng W, Zhang X, Cao B. Anti-IFN-γ therapy alleviates acute lung injury induced by severe influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 infection in mice. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 54:396-403. [PMID: 31780358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Severe infection with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus is characterized by acute lung injury. The limited efficacy of anti-viral drugs indicates an urgent need for additional therapies. We have previously reported that neutralization of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) could significantly rescue the thymic atrophy induced by severe influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection in BALB/c mice. A deeper investigation was conducted into the influence of neutralizing IFN-γ to the BALB/c mice weight, survival rate, and lung injury. METHODS The BALB/c mice was infected with severe influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Monoclonal antibodies against IFN-γ were injected into the abdominal cavities of the mice. After neutralization of IFN-γ occurred in mice infected by severe ∖ influenza A (H1N1)pdm09, observing the influence of neutralizing IFN-γ to the BALB/c mice weight, survival rate, lung injury. RESULT Our results here showed that anti-IFN-γ therapy alleviated the acute lung injury in this mouse model. Neutralization of IFN-γ led to a significant reduction in the lung microvascular leak and the cellular infiltrate in the lung tissue, and also improved the outcome in mice mortality. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the chemokines including G-CSF, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in serum samples were found to be significantly reduced after anti-IFN-γ treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggested that IFN-γ plays an important role in acute lung injury induced by severe influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection, and monoclonal antibodies against IFN-γ could be useful as a potential therapeutic remedy for future influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Linzi District People's Hospital, Huangong Road, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Linzi District People's Hospital, Huangong Road, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology, Huangong Road, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China; Linzi District People's Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Huangong Road, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China
| | - LinLin Bao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Linzi District People's Hospital, Huangong Road, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China; Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology, Huangong Road, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China; Linzi District People's Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Huangong Road, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengdi Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjie Wen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China; Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious, Beijing, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China; Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Hussain T, Quinn KM. Similar but different: virtual memory CD8 T cells as a memory-like cell population. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:675-684. [PMID: 31140625 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a phenomenon where the immune system can respond more rapidly to pathogens and immunological challenges that it has previously encountered. It is defined by several key hallmarks. After an initial encounter, immune cells (1) expand and (2) differentiate to form memory cell populations. Memory cells are (3) long-lived and (4) facilitate more rapid immune responses to subsequent infection because of (i) an increase in cell number, (ii) a decrease in the signaling threshold required for entry into cell cycle or effector function and (iii) localization of cells to tissue sites for surveillance. Classically, immunological memory has been antigen specific but it is becoming apparent that mechanisms of immunological memory can be co-opted by innate or antigen-inexperienced immune cells to generate heterogeneity in immune responses. One such cell is the virtual memory CD8 T (TVM ) cell, which is a semi-differentiated but antigen-naïve CD8 T-cell population. This review will summarize current knowledge of how TVM cells are generated, their memory-like hallmarks, how they are maintained during steady state, infection and aging, and propose a model to integrate key signaling pathways during their generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabinda Hussain
- Monash University Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- Monash University Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,RMIT University School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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10
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Baez NS, Cerbán F, Savid-Frontera C, Hodge DL, Tosello J, Acosta-Rodriguez E, Almada L, Gruppi A, Viano ME, Young HA, Rodriguez-Galan MC. Thymic expression of IL-4 and IL-15 after systemic inflammatory or infectious Th1 disease processes induce the acquisition of "innate" characteristics during CD8+ T cell development. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007456. [PMID: 30608984 PMCID: PMC6319713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate CD8+ T cells express a memory-like phenotype and demonstrate a strong cytotoxic capacity that is critical during the early phase of the host response to certain bacterial and viral infections. These cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their development. Even though innate CD8+ T cells exist in the thymus of WT mice in low numbers, they are highly enriched in KO mice that lack certain kinases, leading to an increase in IL-4 production by thymic NKT cells. Our work describes that in C57BL/6 WT mice undergoing a Th1 biased infectious disease, the thymus experiences an enrichment of single positive CD8 (SP8) thymocytes that share all the established phenotypical and functional characteristics of innate CD8+ T cells. Moreover, through in vivo experiments, we demonstrate a significant increase in survival and a lower parasitemia in mice adoptively transferred with SP8 thymocytes from OT I—T. cruzi-infected mice, demonstrating that innate CD8+ thymocytes are able to protect against a lethal T. cruzi infection in an Ag-independent manner. Interestingly, we obtained similar results when using thymocytes from systemic IL-12 + IL-18-treated mice. This data indicates that cytokines triggered during the acute stage of a Th1 infectious process induce thymic production of IL-4 along with IL-15 expression resulting in an adequate niche for development of innate CD8+ T cells as early as the double positive (DP) stage. Our data demonstrate that the thymus can sense systemic inflammatory situations and alter its conventional CD8 developmental pathway when a rapid innate immune response is required to control different types of pathogens. Murine innate CD8+ T cells demonstrate strong cytotoxic capacity during the early phase of certain bacterial and viral infections. Such cells have been reported to be present in both mice and humans but many questions remain as to their differentiation and maturation process. Innate CD8+ T cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their development. A description of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved during their thymic development has been obtained from KO mice that lack kinases and transcription factors important for TCR signaling. In these mice, SP8 thymocytes with an innate phenotype are highly enriched over the conventional SP8 cells. Our work describes, for the first time, that in WT mice, thymic IL-4 and IL-15 expression triggered by Th1 infectious processes induce an adequate niche for development of innate rather than conventional CD8+ T cells. Our data show that the thymus is able to sense a systemic inflammatory response (probably mediated by systemic IL-12 and IL-18 production) and alter its ontogeny when pathogen control is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Baez
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabio Cerbán
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Deborah L. Hodge
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jimena Tosello
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva Acosta-Rodriguez
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Almada
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Estefania Viano
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galan
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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11
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Yigit B, Wang N, Herzog RW, Terhorst C. SLAMF6 in health and disease: Implications for therapeutic targeting. Clin Immunol 2018; 204:3-13. [PMID: 30366106 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yigit
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ninghai Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Pribikova M, Moudra A, Stepanek O. Opinion: Virtual memory CD8 T cells and lymphopenia-induced memory CD8 T cells represent a single subset: Homeostatic memory T cells. Immunol Lett 2018; 203:57-61. [PMID: 30243945 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that lymphopenia induces the formation of the memory-phenotype T cells without the exposure to foreign antigens. More recently, the memory-phenotype antigen-inexperienced memory T cells were described in lymphoreplete mice and called virtual memory T cells. In this review, we compare multiple aspects of the biology of lymphopenia-induced memory T cells and virtual memory T cells, including cytokine requirements, the role of T-cell receptor specificity in the differentiation process, gene expression signature, and the immune response. Based on this comparison, we conclude that lymphopenia-induced memory T cells and virtual memory T cells most likely represent a single T-cell subset, for which we propose a term 'homeostatic memory T cells'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Pribikova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Moudra
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Maurice D, Costello P, Sargent M, Treisman R. ERK Signaling Controls Innate-like CD8 + T Cell Differentiation via the ELK4 (SAP-1) and ELK1 Transcription Factors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:1681-1691. [PMID: 30068599 PMCID: PMC6121213 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In mouse thymocyte development, signaling by the TCR through the ERK pathway is required for positive selection of conventional naive T cells. The Ets transcription factor ELK4 (SAP-1), an ERK-regulated cofactor of the SRF transcription factor, plays an important role in positive selection by activating immediate-early genes such as the Egr transcription factor family. The role of ELK4-SRF signaling in development of other T cell types dependent on ERK signaling has been unclear. In this article, we show that ELK4, and its close relative ELK1, act cell autonomously in the thymus to control the generation of innate-like αβ CD8+ T cells with memory-like characteristics. Mice lacking ELK4 and ELK1 develop increased numbers of innate-like αβ CD8+ T cells, which populate the periphery. These cells develop cell autonomously rather than through expansion of PLZF+ thymocytes and concomitantly increased IL-4 signaling. Their development is associated with reduced TCR-mediated activation of ELK4-SRF target genes and can be partially suppressed by overexpression of the ELK4-SRF target gene EGR2. Consistent with this, partial inhibition of ERK signaling in peripheral CD8+T cells promotes the generation of cells with innate-like characteristics. These data establish that low-level ERK signaling through ELK4 (and ELK1) promotes innate-like αβ CD8+ T cell differentiation, tuning conventional versus innate-like development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Maurice
- Signalling and Transcription Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Costello
- Signalling and Transcription Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Sargent
- Signalling and Transcription Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Treisman
- Signalling and Transcription Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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14
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Krovi SH, Gapin L. Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Subsets-More Than Just Developmental Intermediates. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1393. [PMID: 29973936 PMCID: PMC6019445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a CD1d-restricted T cell population that can respond to lipid antigenic stimulation within minutes by secreting a wide variety of cytokines. This broad functional scope has placed iNKT cells at the frontlines of many kinds of immune responses. Although the diverse functional capacities of iNKT cells have long been acknowledged, only recently have distinct iNKT cell subsets, each with a marked functional predisposition, been appreciated. Furthermore, the subsets can frequently occupy distinct niches in different tissues and sometimes establish long-term tissue residency where they can impact homeostasis and respond quickly when they sense perturbations. In this review, we discuss the developmental origins of the iNKT cell subsets, their localization patterns, and detail what is known about how different subsets specifically influence their surroundings in conditions of steady and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Harsha Krovi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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15
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Comparative Proteomic Study of the Antiproliferative Activity of Frog Host-Defence Peptide Caerin 1.9 and Its Additive Effect with Caerin 1.1 on TC-1 Cells Transformed with HPV16 E6 and E7. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7382351. [PMID: 29862288 PMCID: PMC5971270 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7382351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caerin is a family of peptides isolated from the glandular secretion of Australian tree frogs, the genus Litoria, and has been previously shown to have anticancer activity against several cancer cells. In this work, we used two host-defence peptides, caerin 1.1 and caerin 1.9, to investigate their ability to inhibit a murine derived TC-1 cell transformed with human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 growth in vitro. Caerin 1.9 inhibits TC-1 cell proliferation, although inhibition is more pronounced when applied in conjunction with caerin 1.1. To gain further insights into the antiproliferative mechanisms of caerin 1.9 and its additive effect with caerin 1.1, we used a proteomics strategy to quantitatively examine (i) the changes in the protein profiles of TC-1 cells and (ii) the excretory-secretory products of TC-1 cells following caerin peptides treatment. Caerin 1.9 treatment significantly altered the abundance of several immune-related proteins and related pathways, such as the Tec kinase and ILK signalling pathways, as well as the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In conclusion, caerin peptides inhibit TC-1 cell proliferation, associated with modification in signalling pathways that would change the tumour microenvironment which is normally immune suppressive.
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16
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Foreign antigen-independent memory-phenotype CD4 + T cells: a new player in innate immunity? Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18:1. [PMID: 29480288 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2018.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Kwon DI, Lee YJ. Lineage Differentiation Program of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Immune Netw 2017; 17:365-377. [PMID: 29302250 PMCID: PMC5746607 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.6.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate T cells restricted by CD1d molecules. They are positively selected in the thymic cortex and migrate to the medullary area, in which they differentiate into 3 different lineages. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) modulates this process, and PLZFhigh, PLZFintermediate, and PLZFlow iNKT cells are designated as NKT2, NKT17, and NKT1 cells, respectively. Analogous to conventional helper CD4 T cells, each subset expresses distinct combinations of transcription factors and produces different cytokines. In lymphoid organs, iNKT subsets have unique localizations, which determine their cytokine responses upon antigenic challenge. The lineage differentiation programs of iNKT cells are differentially regulated in various mice strains in a cell-intrinsic manner, and BALB/c mice contain a high frequency of NKT2 cells. In the thymic medulla, steady state IL-4 from NKT2 cells directly conditions CD8 T cells to become memory-like cells expressing Eomesodermin, which function as premade memory effectors. The genetic signature of iNKT cells is more similar to that of γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) than of conventional helper T cells, suggesting that ILCs and innate T cells share common developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Il Kwon
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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18
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White JT, Cross EW, Kedl RM. Antigen-inexperienced memory CD8 + T cells: where they come from and why we need them. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:391-400. [PMID: 28480897 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells exist in substantial numbers within hosts that have not been exposed to either foreign antigen or overt lymphopenia. These antigen-inexperienced memory-phenotype T cells can be divided into two major subsets: 'innate memory' T cells and 'virtual memory' T cells. Although these two subsets are nearly indistinguishable by surface markers alone, notable developmental and functional differences exist between the two subsets, which suggests that they represent distinct populations. In this Opinion article, we review the available literature on each subset, highlighting the key differences between these populations. Furthermore, we suggest a unifying model for the categorization of antigen-inexperienced memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Eric W Cross
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver at Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Mail Stop 8333, Room P18-8115, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2537, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver at Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Mail Stop 8333, Room P18-8115, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2537, USA
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19
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T-Bet independent development of IFNγ secreting natural T helper 1 cell population in the absence of Itk. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45935. [PMID: 28406139 PMCID: PMC5390256 DOI: 10.1038/srep45935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1, Th2, Th9 and Th17 cells are conventional CD4+ effector T cells identified as secretors of prototypical cytokines IFNγ, IL4, IL9, and IL-17A respectively. Recently, populations of natural Th17 and Th1 cells (nTh17 and nTh1) with innate-like phenotype have been identified in the thymus that are distinct from conventional Th17 and Th1 cells. The absence of the Tec family kinase Interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (Itk) results in T cell immunodeficiency in mice and humans. Here we show that Itk negatively regulates the development of nTh1 cells that express IFNγ in a Tbet independent manner, and whose expansion can be enhanced by IL4. Furthermore, we show that robust induction of IL4 responses during Trichinella spiralis infection enhance the presence of nTh1 cells. We conclude T cell receptor signaling via Itk controls the development of natural Th1 cells, which are expanded by the presence of IL4.
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20
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Parrot T, Oger R, Benlalam H, Raingeard de la Blétière D, Jouand N, Coutolleau A, Preisser L, Khammari A, Dréno B, Guardiola P, Delneste Y, Labarrière N, Gervois N. CD40L confers helper functions to human intra-melanoma class-I-restricted CD4 +CD8 + double positive T cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1250991. [PMID: 28123891 PMCID: PMC5214764 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1250991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells represent a small fraction of peripheral T lymphocytes in healthy human donors, their frequency is often increased under pathological conditions (in blood and targeted tissues). In solid cancers such as melanoma, we previously demonstrated an enrichment of tumor reactive CD4lowCD8highαβ DP T cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of unknown function. Similarly to their single positive (SP) CD8+ counterparts, intra-melanoma DP T cells recognized melanoma cell lines in an HLA-class-I restricted context. However, they presented a poor cytotoxic activity but a strong production of diverse Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The aim of this study was to clearly define the role of intra-melanoma CD4lowCD8highαβ DP T cells in the antitumor immune response. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis between intra-melanoma SP CD4+, SP CD8+ and DP autologous melanoma-infiltrating T-cell compartments, we evidenced an overexpression of the CD40L co-stimulatory molecule on activated DP T cells. We showed that, like SP CD4+ T cells, and through CD40L involvement, DP T cells are able to induce both proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes and maturation of functional DCs able to efficiently prime cytotoxic melanoma-specific CD8 T-cell responses. Taken together, these results highlight the helper potential of atypical DP T cells and their role in potentiating antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Parrot
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Romain Oger
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Houssem Benlalam
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Diane Raingeard de la Blétière
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; SNP Transcriptome & Epigenomics Facility, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Jouand
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Anne Coutolleau
- SNP Transcriptome & Epigenomics Facility, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Angers, France
| | - Laurence Preisser
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France; Unit of Skin Cancer, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Dréno
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France; Unit of Skin Cancer, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France; GMP Unit of Cellular Therapy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Guardiola
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France; SNP Transcriptome & Epigenomics Facility, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Labarrière
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Nadine Gervois
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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Park HJ, Lee A, Lee JI, Park SH, Ha SJ, Jung KC. Effect of IL-4 on the Development and Function of Memory-like CD8 T Cells in the Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues. Immune Netw 2016; 16:126-33. [PMID: 27162529 PMCID: PMC4853498 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike conventional T cells, innate CD8 T cells develop a memory-like phenotype in the thymus and immediately respond upon antigen stimulation, similar to memory T cells. The development of innate CD8 T cells in the thymus is known to require IL-4, which upregulates Eomesodermin (Eomes). These features are similar to that of virtual memory CD8 T cells and IL-4-induced memory-like CD8 T cells generated in the peripheral tissues. However, the relationship between these cell types has not been clearly documented. In the present study, IL-4-induced memory-like CD8 T cells generated in the peripheral tissues were compared with innate CD8 T cells in terms of phenotype and function. When an IL-4/anti-IL-4 antibody complex (IL-4C) was injected into C57BL/6 mice daily for 7 days, the EomeshiCXCR3 + CD8 T cell population was markedly increased in the peripheral lymphoid organs and blood. These cells were generated from naïve CD8 T cells or accumulated via the expansion of pre-existing CD44hiCXCR3 + CD8 T cells. Initially, the majority of these CXCR3 + CD8 T cells expressed low levels of CD44, which was followed by the conversion to the CD44hi phenotype. This conversion was associated with the acquisition of enhanced effector function. After discontinuation of IL-4C treatment, Eomes expression levels gradually decreased in CXCR3 + CD8 T cells. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that IL-4-induced memory-like CD8 T cells generated in the peripheral lymphoid tissues are phenotypically and functionally similar to the innate CD8 T cells generated in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hi-Jung Park
- Graduate Course of Translational medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ara Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Graduate Course of Translational medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seong Hoe Park
- Graduate Course of Translational medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Graduate Course of Translational medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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22
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Conley JM, Gallagher MP, Berg LJ. T Cells and Gene Regulation: The Switching On and Turning Up of Genes after T Cell Receptor Stimulation in CD8 T Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:76. [PMID: 26973653 PMCID: PMC4770016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) is directly regulated by the dose and affinity of peptide antigen. The strength of TCR signaling drives a multitude of T cell functions from development to differentiation. CD8 T cells differentiate into a diverse pool of effector and memory cells after activation, a process that is critical for pathogen clearance and is highly regulated by TCR signal strength. T cells rapidly alter their gene expression upon activation. Multiple signaling pathways downstream of the TCR activate transcription factors, which are critical for this process. The dynamics between proximal TCR signaling, transcription factor activation and CD8 T cell function are discussed here. We propose that inducible T cell kinase (ITK) acts as a rheostat for gene expression. This unique regulation of TCR signaling by ITK provides a possible signaling mechanism for the promotion of a diverse T cell repertoire in response to pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Conley
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA , USA
| | - Michael P Gallagher
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA , USA
| | - Leslie J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA , USA
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Lee A, Park SP, Park CH, Kang BH, Park SH, Ha SJ, Jung KC. IL-4 Induced Innate CD8+ T Cells Control Persistent Viral Infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005193. [PMID: 26452143 PMCID: PMC4599894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory-like CD8+ T cells expressing eomesodermin are a subset of innate T cells initially identified in a number of genetically modified mice, and also exist in wild mice and human. The acquisition of memory phenotype and function by these T cells is dependent on IL–4 produced by PLZF+ innate T cells; however, their physiologic function is still not known. Here we found that these IL-4-induced innate CD8+ T cells are critical for accelerating the control of chronic virus infection. In CIITA-transgenic mice, which have a substantial population of IL-4-induced innate CD8+ T cells, this population facilitated rapid control of viremia and induction of functional anti-viral T-cell responses during infection with chronic form of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Characteristically, anti-viral innate CD8+ T cells accumulated sufficiently during early phase of infection. They produced a robust amount of IFN-γ and TNF-α with enhanced expression of a degranulation marker. Furthermore, this finding was confirmed in wild-type mice. Taken together, the results from our study show that innate CD8+ T cells works as an early defense mechanism against chronic viral infection. Over the course of viral infection there may be a limited time period during which the host system can eliminate the virus. When viruses are not eliminated within this period of time, virus can establish persistent infection. Here, we show that IL-4-induced innate CD8+ T cells are able to effectively control chronic virus infection. Innate T cells are heterogeneous population of T cells that acquire effector/memory phenotype as a result of their maturation process in thymus, unlike conventional T cells that differentiate into memory cells after antigen encounter in periphery. Previous data suggest that innate T cells might serve as a first-line of defense against certain bacterial pathogens. IL-4-induced innate CD8+ T cells are a unique subset of innate T cells that were recently identified in both mouse and human. We found that IL-4-induced innate CD8+ T cells immediately accumulated after viral infection and produced a robust amount of effector cytokines. Thereby, IL-4-induced innate CD8+ T cells provide an effective barrier to the establishment of persistent infection via effective virus control during the early phase of viral infection. Collectively our data show that IL-4-induced innate CD8+ T cells works as an early defense mechanism against chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Pyo Park
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hyun Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hoe Park
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SJH); (KCJ)
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SJH); (KCJ)
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Kang BH, Park HJ, Yum HI, Park SP, Park JK, Kang EH, Lee JI, Lee EB, Park CG, Jung KC, Park SH. Thymic low affinity/avidity interaction selects natural Th1 cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5861-71. [PMID: 25972479 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of intrathymic eomesodermin(+) (Eomes(+)) CD4 T cells creates a novel idea that there is more than one way for the generation of innate CD4 T cells. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein(+) T cells and natural Th17 cells are known to be generated by sensing a high and persistent TCR strength, whereas this is not the case for Eomes(+) CD4 T cells. These cells go through low-level signal during the entire maturation pathway, which subsequently leads to induction of high susceptibility to cytokine IL-4. This event seems to be a major determinant for the generation of this type of cell. These T cells are functionally equivalent to Th1 cells that are present in the periphery, and this event takes place both in transgenic and in wild-type mice. There is additional evidence that this type of Eomes(+) innate CD4 T cell is also present in human cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyun Kang
- Graduate School of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, SungNam 463-707, Korea
| | - Hye In Yum
- Graduate School of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Seung Pyo Park
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, SungNam 463-707, Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Graduate School of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Translational Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; and
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Graduate School of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Seong Hoe Park
- Graduate School of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea;
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25
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The nuclear receptor nr4a1 controls CD8 T cell development through transcriptional suppression of runx3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9059. [PMID: 25762306 PMCID: PMC4356985 DOI: 10.1038/srep09059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The NR4A nuclear receptor family member Nr4a1 is strongly induced in thymocytes undergoing selection, and has been shown to control the development of Treg cells; however the role of Nr4a1 in CD8+ T cells remains undefined. Here we report a novel role for Nr4a1 in regulating the development and frequency of CD8+ T cells through direct transcriptional control of Runx3. We discovered that Nr4a1 recruits the corepressor, CoREST to suppress Runx3 expression in CD8+ T cells. Loss of Nr4a1 results in increased Runx3 expression in thymocytes which consequently causes a 2-fold increase in the frequency and total number of intrathymic and peripheral CD8+ T cells. Our findings establish Nr4a1 as a novel and critical player in the regulation of CD8 T cell development through the direct suppression of Runx3.
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26
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Ghosh AK, Sinha D, Mukherjee S, Biswas R, Biswas T. LPS stimulates and Hsp70 down-regulates TLR4 to orchestrate differential cytokine response of culture-differentiated innate memory CD8(+) T cells. Cytokine 2015; 73:44-52. [PMID: 25697138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonconventional innate memory CD8(+) T cells characteristically expressing CD44, CD122, eomesodermin (Eomes) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) were derived in culture from CD4(+)CD8(+) double positive (DP) thymocytes of normal BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. These culture-differentiated cells constitutively express toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and release interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10. We show the TLR4-ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulate the TLR and up-regulate IFN-γ skewing the cells towards type 1 polarization. In presence of LPS these cells also express suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and thus suppress IL-10 expression. In contrast, heat shock protein (Hsp)70 down-regulated TLR4 augmenting the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In association with IL-10 release IFN-γ was abrogated. The programmed cell death (PD)-1 mostly present in regulatory T cells was stimulated in these IL-10 producing cells by Hsp70 and not LPS indicating the cells can be driven to two contrast outcomes by the two TLR4 ligands. Our work provides a scope for in vitro monitoring of CD8(+) T cells to decipher important immune therapeutic option during infection or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kanti Ghosh
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Debolina Sinha
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadeep Mukherjee
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Ratna Biswas
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
| | - Tapas Biswas
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
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Abstract
Memory T cells are usually considered to be a feature of a successful immune response against a foreign antigen, and such cells can mediate potent immunity. However, in mice, alternative pathways have been described, through which naïve T cells can acquire the characteristics and functions of memory T cells without encountering specific foreign antigen or the typical signals required for conventional T cell differentiation. Such cells reflect a response to the internal rather the external environment, and hence such cells are called innate memory T cells. In this review, we describe how innate memory subsets were identified, the signals that induce their generation and their functional properties and potential role in the normal immune response. The existence of innate memory T cells in mice raises questions about whether parallel populations exist in humans, and we discuss the evidence for such populations during human T cell development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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28
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The tyrosine kinase Itk suppresses CD8+ memory T cell development in response to bacterial infection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7688. [PMID: 25567129 PMCID: PMC4286740 DOI: 10.1038/srep07688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy depends on strong long-term development of immune memory and the formation of memory CD8+ T cells is critical for recall responses to infection. Upon antigen recognition by naïve T cells, the strength of the TcR signal influences the subsequent effector and memory cells differentiation. Here, we have examined the role of Itk, a tyrosine kinase critical for TcR signaling, in CD8+ effector and memory T cell differentiation during Listeria monocytogenes infection. We found that the reduced TcR signal strength in Itk deficient naïve CD8+ T cells enhances the generation of memory T cells during infection. This is accompanied by increased early Eomesodermin, IL-7Rα expression and memory precursor effector cells. Furthermore, Itk is required for optimal cytokine production in responding primary effector cells, but not secondary memory responses. Our data suggests that Itk-mediated signals control the expression of Eomesodermin and IL-7Rα, thus regulating the development of memory CD8+ T cells, but not subsequent response of memory cells.
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29
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Sakaguchi S, Hombauer M, Hassan H, Tanaka H, Yasmin N, Naoe Y, Bilic I, Moser MA, Hainberger D, Mayer H, Seiser C, Bergthaler A, Taniuchi I, Ellmeier W. A novel Cd8-cis-regulatory element preferentially directs expression in CD44hiCD62L+ CD8+ T cells and in CD8αα+ dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:635-44. [PMID: 25548254 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1hi1113-597rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 coreceptor expression is dynamically regulated during thymocyte development and is tightly controlled by the activity of at least 5 different cis-regulatory elements. Despite the detailed characterization of the Cd8 loci, the regulation of the complex expression pattern of CD8 cannot be fully explained by the activity of the known Cd8 enhancers. In this study, we revisited the Cd8ab gene complex with bioinformatics and transgenic reporter gene expression approaches to search for additional Cd8 cis-regulatory elements. This led to the identification of an ECR (ECR-4), which in transgenic reporter gene expression assays, directed expression preferentially in CD44(hi)CD62L(+) CD8(+) T cells, including innate-like CD8(+) T cells. ECR-4, designated as Cd8 enhancer E8VI, was bound by Runx/CBFβ complexes and Bcl11b, indicating that E8VI is part of the cis-regulatory network that recruits transcription factors to the Cd8ab gene complex in CD8(+) T cells. Transgenic reporter expression was maintained in LCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells upon infection, although short-term, in vitro activation led to a down-regulation of E8VI activity. Finally, E8VI directed transgene expression also in CD8αα(+) DCs but not in CD8αα-expressing IELs. Taken together, we have identified a novel Cd8 enhancer that directs expression in CD44(hi)CD62L(+) CD8(+) T cells, including innate-like and antigen-specific effector/memory CD8(+) T cells and in CD8αα(+) DCs, and thus, our data provide further insight into the cis-regulatory networks that control CD8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sakaguchi
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hombauer
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hammad Hassan
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nighat Yasmin
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshinori Naoe
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Bilic
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam A Moser
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Hainberger
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Mayer
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Seiser
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- *Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, and Institute of Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; and CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Oghumu S, Terrazas CA, Varikuti S, Kimble J, Vadia S, Yu L, Seveau S, Satoskar AR. CXCR3 expression defines a novel subset of innate CD8+ T cells that enhance immunity against bacterial infection and cancer upon stimulation with IL-15. FASEB J 2014; 29:1019-28. [PMID: 25466888 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate CD8(+) T cells are a heterogeneous population with developmental pathways distinct from conventional CD8(+) T cells. However, their biology, classification, and functions remain incompletely understood. We recently demonstrated the existence of a novel population of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3)-positive innate CD8(+) T cells. Here, we investigated the functional properties of this subset and identified effector molecules and pathways which mediate their function. Adoptive transfer of IL-15 activated CXCR3(+) innate CD8(+) T cells conferred increased protection against Listeria monocytogenes infection in susceptible IFN-γ(-/-) mice compared with similarly activated CXCR3(-) subset. This was associated with enhanced proliferation and IFN-γ production in CXCR3(+) cells. Further, CXCR3(+) innate cells showed enhanced cytotoxicity against a tumor cell line in vitro. In depth analysis of the CXCR3(+) subset showed increased gene expression of Ccl5, Klrc1, CtsW, GP49a, IL-2Rβ, Atp5e, and Ly6c but reduced IFN-γR2 and Art2b. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed an up-regulation of genes associated with T-cell activation, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and translational initiation in CXCR3(+) populations. Our results demonstrate that CXCR3 expression in innate CD8(+) T cells defines a subset with enhanced cytotoxic potential and protective antibacterial immune functions. Immunotherapeutic approaches against infectious disease and cancer could utilize CXCR3(+) innate CD8(+) T-cell populations as novel clinical intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Center for Biostatistics, and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cesar A Terrazas
- *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Center for Biostatistics, and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Center for Biostatistics, and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Kimble
- *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Center for Biostatistics, and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen Vadia
- *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Center for Biostatistics, and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Center for Biostatistics, and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Center for Biostatistics, and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Microbiology, Center for Biostatistics, and Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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31
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Hirose S, Touma M, Go R, Katsuragi Y, Sakuraba Y, Gondo Y, Abe M, Sakimura K, Mishima Y, Kominami R. Bcl11b prevents the intrathymic development of innate CD8 T cells in a cell intrinsic manner. Int Immunol 2014; 27:205-15. [PMID: 25422283 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
If Bcl11b activity is compromised, CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) thymocytes produce a greatly increased fraction of innate CD8(+) single-positive (SP) cells highly producing IFN-γ, which are also increased in mice deficient of genes such as Itk, Id3 and NF-κB1 that affect TCR signaling. Of interest, the increase in the former two is due to the bystander effect of IL-4 that is secreted by promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-expressing NKT and γδT cells whereas the increase in the latter is cell intrinsic. Bcl11b zinc-finger proteins play key roles in T cell development and T cell-mediated immune response likely through TCR signaling. We examined thymocytes at and after the DP stage in Bcl11b (F/S826G) CD4cre, Bcl11b (F/+) CD4cre and Bcl11b (+/S826G) mice, carrying the allele that substituted serine for glycine at the position of 826. Here we show that Bcl11b impairment leads to an increase in the population of TCRαβ(high)CD44(high)CD122(high) innate CD8SP thymocytes, together with two different developmental abnormalities: impaired positive and negative selection accompanying a reduction in the number of CD8SP cells, and developmental arrest of NKT cells at multiple steps. The innate CD8SP thymocytes express Eomes and secrete IFN-γ after stimulation with PMA and ionomycin, and in this case their increase is not due to a bystander effect of IL-4 but cell intrinsic. Those results indicate that Bcl11b regulates development of different thymocyte subsets at multiple stages and prevents an excess of innate CD8SP thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirose
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Maki Touma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Rieka Go
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katsuragi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakuraba
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Ibaragi 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yoichi Gondo
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Ibaragi 305-0074, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Basic Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Basic Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yukio Mishima
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Kominami
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Liu B, Zhang X, Deng W, Liu J, Li H, Wen M, Bao L, Qu J, Liu Y, Li F, An Y, Qin C, Cao B, Wang C. Severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection induces thymic atrophy through activating innate CD8(+)CD44(hi) T cells by upregulating IFN-γ. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1440. [PMID: 25275588 PMCID: PMC4649502 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thymic atrophy has been described as a consequence of infection by several pathogens including highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and is induced through diverse mechanisms. However, whether influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection induces thymic atrophy and the mechanisms underlying this process have not been completely elucidated. Our results show that severe infection of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 led to progressive thymic atrophy and CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T-cells depletion due to apoptosis. The viruses were present in thymus, where they activated thymic innate CD8+CD44hi single-positive (SP) thymocytes to secrete a large amount of IFN-γ. Milder thymic atrophy was observed in innate CD8+ T-cell-deficient mice (C57BL/6J). Neutralization of IFN-γ could significantly rescue the atrophy, but peramivir treatment did not significantly alleviate thymic atrophy. In this study, we demonstrated that thymic innate CD8+CD44hi SP T-cells have critical roles in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection-induced thymic atrophy through secreting IFN-γ. This exceptional mechanism might serve as a target for the prevention and treatment of thymic atrophy induced by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - W Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - M Wen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Bao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - F Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y An
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - B Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- 1] Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [2] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [3] Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing, China [4] Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Heath, P. R. China, Beijing, China
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33
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Carty SA, Koretzky GA, Jordan MS. Interleukin-4 regulates eomesodermin in CD8+ T cell development and differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106659. [PMID: 25207963 PMCID: PMC4160212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 is a cytokine classically associated with CD4(+) T helper type 2 differentiation, but has been recently shown to also be required for the development of CD8(+) innate-like lymphocytes. CD8(+) innate-like lymphocytes are non-conventional lymphocytes that exhibit characteristics typically associated with memory CD8(+) T cells, including expression of the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes). Here we investigate the signaling pathways required for IL-4 induction of Eomes and CD8(+) innate-like lymphocyte markers in murine CD8SP thymocytes and peripheral CD8(+) T cells. We demonstrate that IL-4 is sufficient to drive Eomes expression and the CD8(+) innate-like lymphocyte phenotype through cooperation between STAT6- and Akt-dependent pathways. Furthermore, we show that while IL-4 has little effect on the induction of Eomes in the setting of robust T cell receptor (TCR) activation, this cytokine promotes Eomes in the setting of attenuated TCR stimulation in mature CD8(+) T cells suggesting that cytokine signaling pathways may direct cell fate when TCR signals are limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A. Carty
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Koretzky
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Martha S. Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Jarid2 is induced by TCR signalling and controls iNKT cell maturation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4540. [PMID: 25105474 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jarid2 is a reported component of three lysine methyltransferase complexes, polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that methylates histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27), and GLP-G9a and SETDB1 complexes that methylate H3K9. Here we show that Jarid2 is upregulated upon TCR stimulation and during positive selection in the thymus. Mice lacking Jarid2 in T cells display an increase in the frequency of IL-4-producing promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF)(hi) immature invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and innate-like CD8(+) cells; Itk-deficient mice, which have a similar increase of innate-like CD8(+) cells, show blunted upregulation of Jarid2 during positive selection. Jarid2 binds to the Zbtb16 locus, which encodes PLZF, and thymocytes lacking Jarid2 show increased PLZF and decreased H3K9me3 levels. Jarid2-deficient iNKT cells perturb Th17 differentiation, leading to reduced Th17-driven autoimmune pathology. Our results establish Jarid2 as a novel player in iNKT cell maturation that regulates PLZF expression by modulating H3K9 methylation.
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35
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Zhong Y, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Dubovsky JA. Targeting Interleukin-2-Inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) in T-Cell Related Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:1-11. [PMID: 27917390 DOI: 10.14304/surya.jpr.v2n6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IL2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the Tec family tyrosine kinases, is the predominant Tec kinase in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells mediating T cell receptor (TCR) and Fc receptor (Fc R) initiated signal transduction. ITK deficiency results in impaired T and NK cell functions, leading to various disorders including malignancies, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. In this mini-review, the role of ITK in T cell signaling and the development of small molecule inhibitors of ITK for the treatment of T-cell related disorders is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jason A Dubovsky
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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36
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Prince AL, Kraus Z, Carty SA, Ng C, Yin CC, Jordan MS, Schwartzberg PL, Berg LJ. Development of innate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in Itk-deficient mice is regulated by distinct pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:688-99. [PMID: 24943215 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
T cell development in the thymus produces multiple lineages of cells, including innate T cells such as γδ TCR(+) cells, invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and H2-M3-specific cells. Although innate cells are generally a minor subset of thymocytes, in several strains of mice harboring mutations in T cell signaling proteins or transcriptional regulators, conventional CD8(+) T cells develop as innate cells with characteristics of memory T cells. Thus, in Itk-deficient mice, mature CD4(-)CD8(+) (CD8 single-positive [SP]) thymocytes express high levels of the transcription factor eomesodermin (Eomes) and are dependent on IL-4 being produced in the thymic environment by a poorly characterized subset of CD4(+) thymocytes expressing the transcriptional regulator promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger. In this study, we show that a sizeable proportion of mature CD4(+)CD8(-) (CD4SP) thymocytes in itk(-/-) mice also develop as innate Eomes-expressing T cells. These cells are dependent on MHC class II and IL-4 signaling for their development, indicating that they are conventional CD4(+) T cells that have been converted to an innate phenotype. Surprisingly, neither CD4SP nor CD8SP innate Eomes(+) thymocytes in itk(-/-) or SLP-76(Y145F) mice are dependent on γδ T cells for their development. Instead, we find that the predominant population of Eomes(+) innate itk(-/-) CD4SP thymocytes is largely absent in mice lacking CD1d-specific invariant NKT cells, with no effect on innate itk(-/-) CD8SP thymocytes. In contrast, both subsets of innate Eomes(+)itk(-/-) T cells require the presence of a novel promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-expressing, SLAM family receptor adapter protein-dependent thymocyte population that is essential for the conversion of conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells into innate T cells with a memory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Prince
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Zachary Kraus
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Shannon A Carty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Caleb Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Catherine C Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Martha S Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Leslie J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655;
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37
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Prince AL, Watkin LB, Yin CC, Selin LK, Kang J, Schwartzberg PL, Berg LJ. Innate PLZF+CD4+ αβ T cells develop and expand in the absence of Itk. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:673-87. [PMID: 24928994 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T cell development in the thymus produces multiple lineages of cells, including innate T cells. Studies in mice harboring alterations in TCR signaling proteins or transcriptional regulators have revealed an expanded population of CD4(+) innate T cells in the thymus that produce IL-4 and express the transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF). In these mice, IL-4 produced by the CD4(+)PLZF(+) T cell population leads to the conversion of conventional CD8(+) thymocytes into innate CD8(+) T cells resembling memory T cells expressing eomesodermin. The expression of PLZF, the signature invariant NKT cell transcription factor, in these innate CD4(+) T cells suggests that they might be a subset of αβ or γδ TCR(+) NKT cells or mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. To address these possibilities, we characterized the CD4(+)PLZF(+) innate T cells in itk(-/-) mice. We show that itk(-/-) innate PLZF(+)CD4(+) T cells are not CD1d-dependent NKT cells, MR1-dependent MAIT cells, or γδ T cells. Furthermore, although the itk(-/-) innate PLZF(+)CD4(+) T cells express αβ TCRs, neither β2-microglobulin-dependent MHC class I nor any MHC class II molecules are required for their development. In contrast to invariant NKT cells and MAIT cells, this population has a highly diverse TCRα-chain repertoire. Analysis of peripheral tissues indicates that itk(-/-) innate PLZF(+)CD4(+) T cells preferentially home to spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes owing to increased expression of gut-homing receptors, and that their expansion is regulated by commensal gut flora. These data support the conclusion that itk(-/-) innate PLZF(+)CD4(+) T cells are a novel subset of innate T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Prince
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Levi B Watkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Catherine C Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Liisa K Selin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Leslie J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
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38
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Kurzweil V, LaRoche A, Oliver PM. Increased peripheral IL-4 leads to an expanded virtual memory CD8+ population. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5643-51. [PMID: 24795452 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory-phenotype CD8(+) T cells can arise even in the absence of overt Ag stimulation. Virtual memory (VM) CD8(+) T cells are CD8(+) T cells that develop a memory phenotype in the periphery of wild-type mice in an IL-15-dependent manner. Innate CD8(+) T cells, in contrast, are memory-phenotype CD8(+) T cells that develop in the thymus in response to elevated thymic IL-4. It is not clear whether VM cells and innate CD8(+) T cells represent two independent T cell lineages or whether they arise through similar processes. In this study, we use mice deficient in Nedd4-family interacting protein 1 to show that overproduction of IL-4 in the periphery leads to an expanded VM population. Nedd4-family interacting protein 1(-/-) CD4(+) T cells produce large amounts of IL-4 due to a defect in JunB degradation. This IL-4 induces a memory-like phenotype in peripheral CD8(+) T cells that includes elevated expression of CD44, CD122, and Eomesodermin and decreased expression of CD49d. Thus, our data show that excess peripheral IL-4 is sufficient to cause an increase in the VM population. Our results suggest that VM and innate CD8(+) T cells may be more similar than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kurzweil
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Ami LaRoche
- Cell Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Paula M Oliver
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Cell Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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39
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De Calisto J, Wang N, Wang G, Yigit B, Engel P, Terhorst C. SAP-Dependent and -Independent Regulation of Innate T Cell Development Involving SLAMF Receptors. Front Immunol 2014; 5:186. [PMID: 24795728 PMCID: PMC4005954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) plays an essential role in the immune system mediating the function of several members of the SLAM family (SLAMF) of receptors, whose expression is essential for T, NK, and B-cell responses. Additionally, the expression of SAP in double-positive thymocytes is mandatory for natural killer T (NKT) cells and, in mouse, for innate CD8+ T cell development. To date, only two members of the SLAMF of receptors, Slamf1 and Slamf6, have been shown to positively cooperate during NKT cell differentiation in mouse. However, it is less clear whether other members of this family may also participate in the development of these innate T cells. Here, we show that Slamf[1 + 6]−/− and Slamf[1 + 5 + 6]−/−B6 mice have ~70% reduction of NKT cells compared to wild-type B6 mice. Unexpectedly, the proportion of innate CD8+ T cells slightly increased in the Slamf[1 + 5 + 6]−/−, but not in the Slamf[1 + 6]−/− strain, suggesting that Slamf5 may function as a negative regulator of innate CD8+ T cell development. Accordingly, Slamf5−/− B6 mice showed an exclusive expansion of innate CD8+ T cells, but not NKT cells. Interestingly, the SAP-independent Slamf7−/− strain showed an expansion of both splenic innate CD8+ T cells and thymic NKT cells. On the other hand, and similar to what was recently shown in Slamf3−/− BALB/c mice, the proportions of thymic promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZFhi) NKT cells and innate CD8+ T cells significantly increased in the SAP-independent Slamf8−/− BALB/c strain. In summary, these results show that NKT and innate CD8+ T cell development can be regulated in a SAP-dependent and -independent fashion by SLAMF receptors, in which Slamf1, Slamf6, and Slamf8 affect development of NKT cells, and that Slamf5, Slamf7, and Slamf8 affect the development of innate CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime De Calisto
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Ninghai Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Burcu Yigit
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School , University of Barcelona, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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40
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Hashiguchi T, Oyamada A, Sakuraba K, Shimoda K, Nakayama KI, Iwamoto Y, Yoshikai Y, Yamada H. Tyk2-Dependent Bystander Activation of Conventional and Nonconventional Th1 Cell Subsets Contributes to Innate Host Defense againstListeria monocytogenesInfection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4739-47. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Huang W, Qi Q, Hu J, Huang F, Laufer TM, August A. Dendritic cell-MHC class II and Itk regulate functional development of regulatory innate memory CD4+ T cells in bone marrow transplantation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:3435-3441. [PMID: 24610010 PMCID: PMC4033297 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MHC class II (MHCII)-influenced CD4(+) T cell differentiation and function play critical roles in regulating the development of autoimmunity. The lack of hematopoietic MHCII causes autoimmune disease that leads to severe wasting in syngeneic recipients. Using murine models of bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we find that MHCII(-/-)→wild-type BMT developed disease, with defective development of innate memory phenotype (IMP, CD44(hi)/CD62L(lo)) CD4(+) T cells. Whereas conventional regulatory T cells are unable to suppress pathogenesis, IMP CD4(+) T cells, which include conventional regulatory T cells, can suppress pathogenesis in MHCII(-/-)→wild-type chimeras. The functional development of IMP CD4(+) T cells requires hematopoietic but not thymic MHCII. B cells and hematopoietic CD80/86 regulate the population size, whereas MHCII expression by dendritic cells is sufficient for IMP CD4(+) T cell functional development and prevention of pathogenesis. Furthermore, the absence of Tec kinase IL-2-inducible T cell kinase in MHCII(-/-) donors leads to preferential development of IMP CD4(+) T cells and partially prevents pathogenesis. We conclude that dendritic cells-MHCII and IL-2-inducible T cell kinase regulate the functional development of IMP CD4(+) T cells, which suppresses the development of autoimmune disorder in syngeneic BMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Infection & Pathobiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Qian Qi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Infection & Pathobiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences and Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jianfang Hu
- Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences and Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Infection & Pathobiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Terri M. Laufer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Infection & Pathobiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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42
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Gerondakis S, Fulford TS, Messina NL, Grumont RJ. NF-κB control of T cell development. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:15-25. [PMID: 24352326 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB signal transduction pathway is best known as a major regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses, yet there is a growing appreciation of its importance in immune cell development, particularly of T lineage cells. In this Review, we discuss how the temporal regulation of NF-κB controls the stepwise differentiation and antigen-dependent selection of conventional and specialized subsets of T cells in response to T cell receptor and costimulatory, cytokine and growth factor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Gerondakis
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Hematology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas S Fulford
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Hematology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole L Messina
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Hematology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raelene J Grumont
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Hematology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Biswas R, Mukherjee S, Sinha D, Ghosh AK, Biswas T. Culture‐differentiated CD8
+
T cells acquire innate memory‐like traits and respond to a pathogen‐associated molecule. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:368-76. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Biswas
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesKolkataIndia
| | - Subhadeep Mukherjee
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesKolkataIndia
| | - Debolina Sinha
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesKolkataIndia
| | - Amlan Kanti Ghosh
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesKolkataIndia
| | - Tapas Biswas
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesKolkataIndia
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44
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Steady-state production of IL-4 modulates immunity in mouse strains and is determined by lineage diversity of iNKT cells. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:1146-54. [PMID: 24097110 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) can produce copious amounts of interleukin 4 (IL-4) early during infection. However, indirect evidence suggests they may produce this immunomodulatory cytokine in the steady state. Through intracellular staining for transcription factors, we have defined three subsets of iNKT cells (NKT1, NKT2 and NKT17) that produced distinct cytokines; these represented diverse lineages and not developmental stages, as previously thought. These subsets exhibited substantial interstrain variation in numbers. In several mouse strains, including BALB/c, NKT2 cells were abundant and were stimulated by self ligands to produce IL-4. In those strains, steady-state IL-4 conditioned CD8(+) T cells to become 'memory-like', increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and caused dendritic cells to produce chemokines. Thus, iNKT cell-derived IL-4 altered immunological properties under normal steady-state conditions.
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45
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Dervovic DD, Liang HCY, Cannons JL, Elford AR, Mohtashami M, Ohashi PS, Schwartzberg PL, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Cellular and molecular requirements for the selection of in vitro-generated CD8 T cells reveal a role for Notch. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1704-15. [PMID: 23851691 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of CD8 single-positive (SP) T cells is predicated by the ability of lymphocyte progenitors to integrate multiple signaling cues provided by the thymic microenvironment. In the thymus and the OP9-DL1 system for T cell development, Notch signals are required for progenitors to commit to the T cell lineage and necessary for their progression to the CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) stage of T cell development. However, it remains unclear whether Notch is a prerequisite for the differentiation of DP cells to the CD8 SP stage of development. In this study, we demonstrate that Notch receptor-ligand interactions allow for efficient differentiation and selection of conventional CD8 T cells from bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells. However, bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells isolated from Itk(-/-)Rlk(-/-) mice gave rise to T cells with decreased IFN-γ production, but gained the ability to produce IL-17. We further reveal that positive and negative selection in vitro are constrained by peptide-MHC class I expressed on OP9 cells. Finally, using an MHC class I-restricted TCR-transgenic model, we show that the commitment of DP precursors to the CD8 T cell lineage is dependent on Notch signaling. Our findings further establish the requirement for Notch receptor-ligand interactions throughout T cell differentiation, including the final step of CD8 SP selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzana D Dervovic
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
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Yamada H, Shibata K, Sakuraba K, Fujimura K, Yoshikai Y. Positive selection of self-antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by hematopoietic cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2033-42. [PMID: 23636825 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to thymic epithelial cells, which induce the positive selection of conventional CD8(+) T cells, hematopoietic cells (HCs) select innate CD8(+) T cells whose Ag specificity is not fully understood. Here we show that CD8(+) T cells expressing an H-Y Ag-specific Tg TCR were able to develop in mice in which only HCs expressed MHC class I, when HCs also expressed the H-Y Ag. These HC-selected self-specific CD8(+) T cells resemble innate CD8(+) T cells in WT mice in terms of the expression of memory markers and effector functions, but are phenotypically distinct from the thymus-independent CD8(+) T-cell population. The peripheral maintenance of H-Y-specific CD8(+) T cells required presentation of the self-Ag and IL-15 on HCs. HC-selected CD8(+) T cells in mice lacking the Tg TCR also showed these features. Furthermore, by using MHC class I tetramers with a male Ag peptide, we found that self-Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells in TCR non-Tg mice could develop via HC-induced positive selection, supporting results obtained from H-Y TCR Tg mice. These findings indicate the presence of self-specific CD8(+) T cells that are positively selected by HCs in the peripheral T-cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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47
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Huang W, Hu J, August A. Cutting edge: innate memory CD8+ T cells are distinct from homeostatic expanded CD8+ T cells and rapidly respond to primary antigenic stimuli. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2490-4. [PMID: 23408840 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate memory phenotype (IMP) CD8(+) T cells are nonconventional αβ T cells exhibiting features of innate immune cells and are significantly increased in the absence of ITK. Their developmental path and function are not clear. In this study, we show hematopoietic MHC class I (MHCI)-dependent generation of Ag-specific IMP CD8(+) T cells using bone marrow chimeras. Wild-type bone marrow gives rise to IMP CD8(+) T cells in MHCI(-/-) recipients, resembling those in Itk(-/-) mice, but distinct from those derived via homeostatic proliferation, and independent of recipient thymus. In contrast, MHCI(-/-) bone marrow does not lead to IMP CD8(+) T cells in wild-type recipients. OTI IMP CD8(+) T cells generated via this method exhibited enhanced early response to Ag without prior primary stimulation. Our findings suggest a method to generate Ag-specific "naive" CD8(+) IMP T cells, as well as demonstrate that they are not homeostatic proliferation cells and can respond promptly in an Ag-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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48
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Oghumu S, Dong R, Varikuti S, Shawler T, Kampfrath T, Terrazas CA, Lezama-Davila C, Ahmer BMM, Whitacre CC, Rajagopalan S, Locksley R, Sharpe AH, Satoskar AR. Distinct populations of innate CD8+ T cells revealed in a CXCR3 reporter mouse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2229-40. [PMID: 23338236 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CXCR3, expressed mainly on activated T and NK cells, is implicated in a host of immunological conditions and can contribute either to disease resolution or pathology. We report the generation and characterization of a novel CXCR3 internal ribosome entry site bicistronic enhanced GFP reporter (CIBER) mouse in which enhanced GFP expression correlates with surface levels of CXCR3. Using CIBER mice, we identified two distinct populations of innate CD8(+) T cells based on constitutive expression of CXCR3. We demonstrate that CXCR3(+) innate CD8(+) T cells preferentially express higher levels of Ly6C and CD122, but lower levels of CCR9 compared with CXCR3(-) innate CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, we show that CXCR3(+) innate CD8(+) T cells express higher transcript levels of antiapoptotic but lower levels of proapoptotic factors, respond more robustly to IL-2 and IL-15, and produce significantly more IFN-γ and granzyme B. Interestingly, CXCR3(+) innate CD8(+) T cells do not respond to IL-12 or IL-18 alone, but produce significant amounts of IFN-γ on stimulation with a combination of these cytokines. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that CXCR3(+) and CXCR3(-) innate CD8(+) T cells are phenotypically and functionally distinct. These newly generated CIBER mice provide a novel tool for studying the role of CXCR3 and CXCR3-expressing cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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49
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Sakuraba K, Shibata K, Iwamoto Y, Yoshikai Y, Yamada H. Naturally occurring PD-1+ memory phenotype CD8 T cells belong to nonconventional CD8 T cells and are cyclophosphamide-sensitive regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1560-6. [PMID: 23303666 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8 T cells expressing memory markers exist in naive mice and are thought to be of heterogeneous origin. It was recently reported that among such memory-phenotype (MP) CD8 T cells in naive mice, those expressing programmed death-1 (PD-1) had immune regulatory activity, but their origin and relationship with other regulatory CD8 T cell subsets remain unclear. In the current study, we examined detailed characteristics and functions of PD-1(+) MP CD8 T cells in naive mice. Their expression pattern of surface molecules resembled that of exhausted CD8 T cells seen in chronic viral infection. However, PD-1(+) MP CD8 T cells were detected from neonatal periods, even in the thymus; thus, they are naturally occurring. By analyzing bone marrow chimera mice in which β(2)-microglobulin-deficient mice were used as the recipients, it was revealed that PD-1(+) MP CD8 T cells were positively selected by hematopoietic cells, indicating that they belong to nonconventional CD8 T cells. However, in contrast to majority of MP CD8 T cells, PD-1(+) MP CD8 T cells were IL-15 independent. PD-1(+) MP CD8 T cells showed the fastest cell cycling among various T cell subsets in naive mice, which was consistent with the highest sensitivity to cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment. Importantly, PD-1(+) MP CD8 T cells were able to suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity response that was augmented by CP treatment. Taken together, our data indicate that the naturally occurring PD-1(+) MP CD8 T cells in naive mice are a unique subset of nonconventional CD8 T cells and represent the CP-sensitive suppressor CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sakuraba
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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50
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Kotani M, Kikuta J, Klauschen F, Chino T, Kobayashi Y, Yasuda H, Tamai K, Miyawaki A, Kanagawa O, Tomura M, Ishii M. Systemic circulation and bone recruitment of osteoclast precursors tracked by using fluorescent imaging techniques. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:605-12. [PMID: 23241888 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing polykaryons differentiated from monocyte/macrophage-lineage hematopoietic precursors. It remains unclear whether osteoclasts originate from circulating blood monocytes or from bone tissue-resident precursors. To address this question, we combined two different experimental procedures: 1) shared blood circulation "parabiosis" with fluorescently labeled osteoclast precursors, and 2) photoconversion-based cell tracking with a Kikume Green-Red protein (KikGR). In parabiosis, CX(3)CR1-EGFP knock-in mice in which osteoclast precursors were labeled with EGFP were surgically connected with wild-type mice to establish a shared circulation. Mature EGFP(+) osteoclasts were found in the bones of the wild-type mice, indicating the mobilization of EGFP(+) osteoclast precursors into bones from systemic circulation. Receptor activator for NF-κB ligand stimulation increased the number of EGFP(+) osteoclasts in wild-type mice, suggesting that this mobilization depends on the bone resorption state. Additionally, KikGR(+) monocytes (including osteoclast precursors) in the spleen were exposed to violet light, and 2 d later we detected photoconverted "red" KikGR(+) osteoclasts along the bone surfaces. These results indicate that circulating monocytes from the spleen entered the bone spaces and differentiated into mature osteoclasts during a certain period. The current study used fluorescence-based methods clearly to demonstrate that osteoclasts can be generated from circulating monocytes once they home to bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manato Kotani
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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