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López-Gil JF, Sainz de Baranda P, González-Gálvez N, Segarra-Vicens E, Valero-Valenzuela A, Avellaneda A, Avilés-Martínez MA, López Barrancos S, Díaz Delgado M, Victoria-Montesinos D, Ureña Villanueva F, Alcaraz PE. Region of Murcia's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:227-236. [PMID: 38559908 PMCID: PMC10979110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this review was to summarize the process and results of the Region of Murcia's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Methods Indicators from the Global Matrix initiative (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport & Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Active Play, Active Transport, Sedentary Behaviors, Family & Peers, School, Community & Environment, and Government) were evaluated based on the best available data in the Region of Murcia. Results Active play was the indicator with the highest grade (B+), followed by Organized Sport & Physical Activity (B) and Active Play (B). School and Family and Peers indicators obtained a C+ and C grade, respectively. Both Community and Environment and Sedentary Behaviors indicators received a D+ grade. The grade for Overall Physical Activity and Government indicators was D. Physical Fitness was the indicator with the lowest grade of this Report Card (D-). None of the indicators received an incomplete grade (INC) because of a lack of available information. Conclusions The present Report Card offers evidence highlighting the low level of physical activity in Spanish children and adolescents living in the Region of Murcia. Further studies and surveillance efforts are urgently needed for most of the indicators analyzed, which should be addressed by researchers and the Region of Murcia's Government for this specific population. A strong commitment from the Government of the Region of Murcia is needed at all levels to promote a cultural change that will lead children and young people in this region to improve the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Sainz de Baranda
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720, Murcia, Spain
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), Campus de San Javier, University of Murcia, 30720, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Segarra-Vicens
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Avellaneda
- R&D Department, ElPozo Alimentación S.A., 30840, Alhama de Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Emilio Alcaraz
- Facultad Del Deporte. UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830, Murcia, Spain
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2
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Gou H, Liu L, Sun X. Causal effects of childhood obesity on neuroticism and subjective well-being: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:110-115. [PMID: 38479511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is linked to both neuroticism and subjective wellbeing (SWB); however, the causal relations between them remain unclear. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to determine the causal effects of childhood BMI (n = 39,620) on neuroticism (n = 366,301) and SWB (n = 298,420) using summary statistics from large scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted mode, weighted median, and MR-Egger approaches were used to estimate the causal effects. Sensitivity analyses including the Cochran's Q statistics, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and the leave-one-out (LOO) analysis were used to assess potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Two-step MR mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential mediation effects of neuroticism on the causal relationship between childhood BMI and SWB. RESULTS Our study revealed that genetically predicted higher childhood BMI was causally associated with increased neuroticism (beta = 0.045, 95%CI = 0.013,0.077, p = 6.066e-03) and reduced SWB (beta = -0.059, 95%CI = -0.093,-0.024, p = 9.585e-04). Sensitivity analyses didn't detect any significant heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy (all p > 0.05). Additionally, the two-step MR mediation analysis indicated that the causal relationship between childhood BMI and SWB was partially mediated by neuroticism (proportion of mediation effects in total effects: 21.3 %, 95%CI: 5.4 % to 37.2, p = 0.0088). CONCLUSION Genetically proxy for higher childhood BMI was associated with increased neuroticism and reduced SWB. Further studies were warranted to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential use of weight management for improving personality and SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Clinical Medical, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiangjuan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Zhou X, Ding N, Song S, Gittelsohn J, Jiang N, Sundermeir SM, Ma Y, Wen D. Obesity contagion among classmates: Children's relation with each other regarding weight status, physical activity, and dietary intake. SSM Popul Health 2024; 26:101636. [PMID: 38516526 PMCID: PMC10955631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of influential articles suggests that obesity may spread between couples, siblings, and close friends via an obesity contagion phenomenon. Classmates, as important structural equivalents in one's social network, may experience obesity contagion. However, this has rarely been examined. Anthropometric measurements, questionnaire surveys, and geographic information were collected from 3670 children from 26 schools in Northeast China. We found that classmates were positively related in terms of body mass index (BMI), body fat, physical activity, and intake of vegetables, fruits, fast food, snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages. One standard deviation (SD) increase in classmates' mean BMI and percentage body fat was associated with 0.19 SD higher individual BMI (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00, 0.39) and 0.31 SD higher percentage body fat (95% CI: 0.13, 0.48). Coefficients ranged from 0.48 to 0.76 in models for physical activity, and the dietary intake of vegetables, fruit, fast food, snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Children's BMI and body fat were more strongly associated with the maximum and minimum body fat levels of their same-sex classmates than with those of their general classmates. Their dietary intake and physical activity were more strongly associated with the mean/median levels of their general classmates than with those of their same-sex classmates. This study suggests that children's BMI, body fat, physical activity, and dietary intake may be related to those of their classmates. Modeling healthy behaviors in the classroom may help children develop habits that support achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Future interventions should consider the inclusion of classmates as a social network strategy for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- China Medical University, Health Sciences Institute, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiaobei Zhou
- China Medical University, Health Sciences Institute, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Ning Ding
- China Medical University, Institute of International Medical Education, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shenzhi Song
- China Medical University, Health Sciences Institute, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Human Nutrition Center, Address: 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- China Medical University, Institute of International Medical Education, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Samantha M. Sundermeir
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Human Nutrition Center, Address: 615 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA
| | - Yanan Ma
- China Medical University, School of Public Health, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Deliang Wen
- China Medical University, Health Sciences Institute, Address: No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
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Tanas R, Corsello G, Lera R, Marsella M, Bernasconi S. Enough with simplifying: "eat less and move more": at what point are we with the treatment of excess weight in paediatrics? Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:105. [PMID: 38783350 PMCID: PMC11119387 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For years politics and healthcare, faced with the progressive increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood, have wondered how to stem it and reduce its consequences on health without finding a valid, effective and applicable solution. Many studies have been written initially on what to prescribe, then on why not to prescribe and how to approach people in a new and more effective way to improve their behaviors, considered the main cause of excess weight. Over the last twenty years it has been highlighted that no diet or physical exercise is truly effective and not even global changes in lifestyle guarantee the large weight reductions traditionally expected, despite offering significant health advantages. A new approach is necessary and we must begin by working on ourselves. MAIN BODY We examined literature on weight stigma and considered expert opinions, as well as feedback from parents/caregivers and patients. Literature on stigma has grown enormously in recent years, and finally considers the opinion of parents and patients. By interviewing patients with obesity, it was discovered that very often healthcare workers do not communicate the diagnosis and, if they do, they have a blaming attitude, holding patients responsible for their weight. Furthermore, when these people become aware of their obesity and seek treatment, they do not find adequate professionals and centers. Failure was mostly due to the enormous burden of obesity stigma and discrimination which, especially in children and young people, encourages internalization of the problem and takes away their self-efficacy, desire and ability to take care of themselves. CONCLUSIONS New actions are needed to change all this. We propose "Training, Networking and Contrasting Weight Stigma". Now that we've figured out where to start, we should get going. And yet, nothing is changing!
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tanas
- Pediatric Department, Ferrara, Italy.
- , Via Fornace 17, Ferrara, 44123, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Pediatric Department G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lera
- Pediatric Department, Azienda Ospedaliera, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Marsella
- Pediatric Unit, Maternal-Pediatric Department, San G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
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Loperfido F, Vincenti A, Basilico S, Conti MV, Orsini F, Franchi C, Sossan C, Magarini A, Zuccotti G, Calcaterra V, Cena H. Rethinking food policy framework to tackle childhood obesity in the Italian context. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae059. [PMID: 38781308 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity has been described by the World Health Organization as 1 of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Projections of increasing burdens of pediatric obesity and its related diseases on society highlight the need for urgent and substantial action. Many scientific and public debates about the prevention of childhood obesity are centered around simple dichotomies presenting a single-level solution. In contrast, efficient prevention programs should overcome these overly simplistic dichotomies and proceed in the early years of life within the family environment and the whole society, throughout one's lifetime. Food policies have the potential to counteract pediatric obesity by creating healthy food environments. However, the current food policies approach lacks monitoring indicators to assess short- and long-term impact, and is not well integrated into regional, national, and cross-cutting initiatives. Therefore, redesigning and rethinking food policy strategies and goals is an important opportunity to address childhood obesity, safeguard the planet, and contribute to economic and social prosperity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Loperfido
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vincenti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Sara Basilico
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Conti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Francesca Orsini
- Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Human Nutrition, Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Carlotta Franchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Human Nutrition, Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, 20156, Italy
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Cristina Sossan
- Area Food Policy, Direzione Educazione, Comune di Milano, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Andrea Magarini
- Area Food Policy, Direzione Educazione, Comune di Milano, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | | | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of General Medicine, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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6
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Spiga F, Davies AL, Tomlinson E, Moore TH, Dawson S, Breheny K, Savović J, Gao Y, Phillips SM, Hillier-Brown F, Hodder RK, Wolfenden L, Higgins JP, Summerbell CD. Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 5:CD015328. [PMID: 38763517 PMCID: PMC11102828 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015328.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of obesity in children is an international public health priority given the prevalence of the condition (and its significant impact on health, development and well-being). Interventions that aim to prevent obesity involve behavioural change strategies that promote healthy eating or 'activity' levels (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and/or sleep) or both, and work by reducing energy intake and/or increasing energy expenditure, respectively. There is uncertainty over which approaches are more effective and numerous new studies have been published over the last five years, since the previous version of this Cochrane review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions that aim to prevent obesity in children by modifying dietary intake or 'activity' levels, or a combination of both, on changes in BMI, zBMI score and serious adverse events. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was February 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials in children (mean age 5 years and above but less than 12 years), comparing diet or 'activity' interventions (or both) to prevent obesity with no intervention, usual care, or with another eligible intervention, in any setting. Studies had to measure outcomes at a minimum of 12 weeks post baseline. We excluded interventions designed primarily to improve sporting performance. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our outcomes were body mass index (BMI), zBMI score and serious adverse events, assessed at short- (12 weeks to < 9 months from baseline), medium- (9 months to < 15 months) and long-term (≥ 15 months) follow-up. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS This review includes 172 studies (189,707 participants); 149 studies (160,267 participants) were included in meta-analyses. One hundred forty-six studies were based in high-income countries. The main setting for intervention delivery was schools (111 studies), followed by the community (15 studies), the home (eight studies) and a clinical setting (seven studies); one intervention was conducted by telehealth and 31 studies were conducted in more than one setting. Eighty-six interventions were implemented for less than nine months; the shortest was conducted over one visit and the longest over four years. Non-industry funding was declared by 132 studies; 24 studies were funded in part or wholly by industry. Dietary interventions versus control Dietary interventions, compared with control, may have little to no effect on BMI at short-term follow-up (mean difference (MD) 0, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.10 to 0.10; 5 studies, 2107 participants; low-certainty evidence) and at medium-term follow-up (MD -0.01, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.12; 9 studies, 6815 participants; low-certainty evidence) or zBMI at long-term follow-up (MD -0.05, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.01; 7 studies, 5285 participants; low-certainty evidence). Dietary interventions, compared with control, probably have little to no effect on BMI at long-term follow-up (MD -0.17, 95% CI -0.48 to 0.13; 2 studies, 945 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and zBMI at short- or medium-term follow-up (MD -0.06, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.01; 8 studies, 3695 participants; MD -0.04, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.02; 9 studies, 7048 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Five studies (1913 participants; very low-certainty evidence) reported data on serious adverse events: one reported serious adverse events (e.g. allergy, behavioural problems and abdominal discomfort) that may have occurred as a result of the intervention; four reported no effect. Activity interventions versus control Activity interventions, compared with control, may have little to no effect on BMI and zBMI at short-term or long-term follow-up (BMI short-term: MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.13; 14 studies, 4069 participants; zBMI short-term: MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.02; 6 studies, 3580 participants; low-certainty evidence; BMI long-term: MD -0.07, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.10; 8 studies, 8302 participants; zBMI long-term: MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.04; 6 studies, 6940 participants; low-certainty evidence). Activity interventions likely result in a slight reduction of BMI and zBMI at medium-term follow-up (BMI: MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.05; 16 studies, 21,286 participants; zBMI: MD -0.05, 95% CI -0.09 to -0.02; 13 studies, 20,600 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Eleven studies (21,278 participants; low-certainty evidence) reported data on serious adverse events; one study reported two minor ankle sprains and one study reported the incident rate of adverse events (e.g. musculoskeletal injuries) that may have occurred as a result of the intervention; nine studies reported no effect. Dietary and activity interventions versus control Dietary and activity interventions, compared with control, may result in a slight reduction in BMI and zBMI at short-term follow-up (BMI: MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.01; 27 studies, 16,066 participants; zBMI: MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.00; 26 studies, 12,784 participants; low-certainty evidence) and likely result in a reduction of BMI and zBMI at medium-term follow-up (BMI: MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.00; 21 studies, 17,547 participants; zBMI: MD -0.05, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.02; 24 studies, 20,998 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Dietary and activity interventions compared with control may result in little to no difference in BMI and zBMI at long-term follow-up (BMI: MD 0.03, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.16; 16 studies, 22,098 participants; zBMI: MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.01; 22 studies, 23,594 participants; low-certainty evidence). Nineteen studies (27,882 participants; low-certainty evidence) reported data on serious adverse events: four studies reported occurrence of serious adverse events (e.g. injuries, low levels of extreme dieting behaviour); 15 studies reported no effect. Heterogeneity was apparent in the results for all outcomes at the three follow-up times, which could not be explained by the main setting of the interventions (school, home, school and home, other), country income status (high-income versus non-high-income), participants' socioeconomic status (low versus mixed) and duration of the intervention. Most studies excluded children with a mental or physical disability. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The body of evidence in this review demonstrates that a range of school-based 'activity' interventions, alone or in combination with dietary interventions, may have a modest beneficial effect on obesity in childhood at short- and medium-term, but not at long-term follow-up. Dietary interventions alone may result in little to no difference. Limited evidence of low quality was identified on the effect of dietary and/or activity interventions on severe adverse events and health inequalities; exploratory analyses of these data suggest no meaningful impact. We identified a dearth of evidence for home and community-based settings (e.g. delivered through local youth groups), for children living with disabilities and indicators of health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spiga
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Annabel L Davies
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eve Tomlinson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Theresa Hm Moore
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Dawson
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katie Breheny
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jelena Savović
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sophie M Phillips
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Child Health and Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Hillier-Brown
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Population Health Sciences Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- National Centre of Implementation Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Julian Pt Higgins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carolyn D Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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7
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Xia J, Wu W, Huang X, Jiang F, Zhu S, Chen L, Fan X. Isolation, characterization, identification and quantification of 6-F oxyphenisatin dipropionate, a novel illegal additive, from a fruit-flavored jelly. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29902. [PMID: 38707292 PMCID: PMC11066336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed to screen, identify and detect illegal additives from healthcare products which claim or imply to have weight-loss effects. Method Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was employed to perform non-targeted screening of illegal additives from a total of 26 batches of healthcare products with weight-loss effects. A novel oxyphenisatin dipropionate analog was discovered in a fruit-flavored jelly that was not clearly labeled as containing added drugs. After being separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, the analog was unambiguously characterized by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The molecular structure of the analog was finally identified by comparing the spectra of the analog with those of suspected candidates prepared by de novo synthesis strategy. Thereafter, a sensitive and precise reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) detection method was developed and verified for the determination of the analog in 15 batches of real samples. Results In the MS/MS spectra, the signal intensity of mass/charge ratios (m/z, 242 and 214) of the novel analog fragments was highly similar to that of mass/charge ratios (m/z, 224 and 196) of oxyphenisatin dipropionate fragments. Additionally, the 1D NMR spectrum of the analog was completely consistent with that of one of the suspected candidates prepared by the de novo synthesis strategy. Based on the above analysis, the structure of the analog was determined as 3,3-bis[4'-(propionyloxy)phenyl]-6-fluoro-2-oxoindoline, which was briefly named 6-F oxyphenisatin dipropionate. A developed quantitative method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999) in a concentration range of 1.0-100 μg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the analog was 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of the analog from spiked three different matrix samples in low (1 time of LOQ), medium (2 times of LOQ), and high (10 times of LOQ) concentrations were varied from 93.9 % to 107.8 % with a precision of 0.03-1.56 %. Results of quantitative analysis in 15 batches of healthcare products revealed that the content of 6-F oxyphenisatin dipropionate in a fruit-flavored jelly and a solid beverage was 118 mg/kg and 330 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion In terms of its structure, 6-F oxyphenisatin dipropionate replaces hydrogen atom by the fluorine atom at position 6 on the indolinone fragment in oxyphenisatin dipropionate. To our best knowledge, 6-F oxyphenisatin dipropionate has never been detected as an illegal additive in foods. Such illegal addition of the analog to foods is more concealing, thus the supervision and testing departments should attach great importance to its application in food markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Xia
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Wanqin Wu
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Li Chen
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430075, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Wuhan, 430075, China
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8
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Walters G, Dring KJ, Nevill BA, Cooper SB, Nevill AM, Nevill ME, Morris JG. Short-Term High-Intensity Rowing Ergometry Training Improves Rowing Performance Equally in Healthy Weight and Obese Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:885-892. [PMID: 38181216 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is a major health concern and physical activity is commonly proposed as an intervention strategy to combat the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity, supervised, rowing ergometer training on maximal and submaximal rowing performance in healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (12-13 yr). METHODS Participants were randomized to either 6 wk of supervised rowing ergometry, comprising of 2 sessions per week with each session comprising of 2 × 3-min bouts of high-intensity rowing ergometry ( n = 57), or a control group who continued with their habitual activities ( n = 45). At baseline and follow-up, rowing performance was assessed via a submaximal test and a 3-min maximal test. RESULTS Six weeks of rowing ergometer training significantly improved maximal exercise performance; total distance rowed in a 3-min maximal effort improved by 19.7 m (2.7%) (time × group, P = 0.018) and produced a significant reduction in perceived effort in response to a set submaximal load (60 W) (time × group, P = 0.040). At baseline total distance rowed during the 3-min maximal test was significantly affected by body mass (main effect of body mass, P = 0.002), whereby a higher body mass was associated with enhanced rowing performance. However, the pattern of change over time was not different between healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (time × group × waist centile, P = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS A 6-wk high-intensity rowing ergometry training intervention improved maximal rowing performance. This improvement was similar in healthy weight versus overweight and obese adolescents; yet overall overweight and obese adolescents had superior rowing performance compared to their healthy weight counterparts, suggesting that rowing may be an attractive exercise modality for interventions in overweight and obese young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Walters
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Karah J Dring
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Simon B Cooper
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alan M Nevill
- School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John G Morris
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
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9
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Isoyama Y, Nose-Ogura S, Ijitsu MJ, Kruse JGS, Nagai N, Kayaba M, Ogata H, Mangalam M, Kiyono K. Age- and height-dependent bias of underweight and overweight assessment standards for children and adolescents. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1379897. [PMID: 38721543 PMCID: PMC11076850 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1379897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Precision in evaluating underweight and overweight status among children and adolescents is paramount for averting health and developmental issues. Existing standards for these assessments have faced scrutiny regarding their validity. This study investigates the age and height dependencies within the international standards set by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), relying on body mass index (BMI), and contrasts them with Japanese standards utilizing the percentage of overweight (POW). Method We scrutinized a comprehensive database comprising 7,863,520 children aged 5-17 years, sourced from the School Health Statistics Research initiative conducted by Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. Employing the quantile regression method, we dissected the structure of weight-for-height distributions across different ages and sexes, quantifying the potentially biased assessments of underweight and overweight status by conventional criteria. Results Applying IOFT criteria for underweight assessment revealed pronounced height dependence in males aged 11-13 and females aged 10-11. Notably, a discernible bias emerged, wherein children in the lower 25th percentile were classified as underweight five times more frequently than those in the upper 25th percentile. Similarly, the overweight assessment displayed robust height dependence in males aged 8-11 and females aged 7-10, with children in the lower 25th percentile for height deemed obese four or five times more frequently than their counterparts in the upper 25th percentile. Furthermore, using the Japanese POW criteria for assessment revealed significant age dependence in addition to considerably underestimating the percentage of underweight and overweight cases under the age of seven. However, the height dependence for the POW criterion was smaller than the BMI criterion, and the difference between height classes was less than 3-fold. Conclusion Our findings underscore the intricacies of age-dependent changes in body composition during the growth process in children, emphasizing the absence of gold standards for assessing underweight and overweight. Careful judgment is crucial in cases of short or tall stature at the same age, surpassing sole reliance on conventional criteria results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Isoyama
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nose-Ogura
- Japan High-Performance Sport Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Research, Japan Institute Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Narumi Nagai
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Japan
| | - Momoko Kayaba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Demir Kösem D, Demir Ş, Bektaş M. The effect of middle and high school students' emotional eating behavior on obesity. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00155-6. [PMID: 38658305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to determine the effect of middle and high school students' emotional eating behavior on obesity. METHOD A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study design was used. The sample consisted of 267 students studying in 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades. Data were collected using a Child Information Form and the Emotional Eating Scale. The researchers measured the students' height and weight and calculated their body mass indices (BMI), and BMI percentiles were evaluated according to age and gender. Percentage calculations, mean scores, Spearman correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS Of the students participating in the study, 54.7% were girl and 45.3% were boy. It was determined that 28.4% of the students were overweight and obese. As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was determined that students' emotional eating behavior explained 25% of obesity (p < 0.001). It was found that anxiety-anger- frustration, one of the subscales of the emotional eating scale, was the only variable that significantly predicted students' obesity status (β = 0.387). Emotional eating significantly predicted the obesity status of boy and girl students (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, it was concluded that students' emotional eating behavior affected obesity. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In line with these results, it is recommended that studies on other variables that may predict the effect of students' emotional eating behavior on obesity should be conducted and that nurses should contact schools to conduct emotional eating behavior screenings and provide emotional eating education for students who exhibit emotional eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Demir Kösem
- Hakkari University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Hakkari, Turkey.
| | - Şenay Demir
- Selcuk University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Inciraltı, Izmir, Turkey.
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11
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Song M, Kang S, Kang H. The Association Between Obesity Measures and Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Korean Adolescents Aged 10-18 Years. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1769-1776. [PMID: 38680877 PMCID: PMC11048366 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s461406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity is strongly linked to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood, endangering the global healthcare system. No single tool for detecting MetS is suitable for all pediatric populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity measures and MetS in Korean children and adolescents. Method and Materials The data were obtained from 1663 children and adolescents aged 10-19 years (771 girls) who participated in the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHtR) were included as obesity measures. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and resting blood pressure were included as metabolic risk factors. MetS was defined as the clustering of metabolic risk factors such as elevated fasting blood glucose, elevated mean arterial pressure, elevated triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results Regardless of the obesity measures used, obese children and adolescents were more likely to have a clustering of metabolic risk factors compared to their non-obese counterparts: BMI-based obesity (odds ratio, OR=4.151, 95% confidence interval, CI=2.763~6.238, p<0.001), WC-based obesity (OR=1.917, 95% CI=1.066~3.446, p=0.010), and WHtR-based obesity (OR=2.160 and 95% CI=1.203~3.878, p=0.003). A receiver operating curve analysis showed that BMI (area under the curve, AUC=0.849, 95% CI=0.8270.871) outperformed WC (AUC=0.833, 95% CI=0.8090.856) and WHtR (AUC=0.794, 95% CI=0.7670.821) in detecting the presence of MetS. Conclusion and Recommendation Study findings suggest that obese teenagers are more likely to have metabolic syndrome than non-obese teens. Concerning accuracy, convenience, and ease of use and calculation, BMI is the best screening tool for detecting MetS in Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munku Song
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seamon Kang
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyunsik Kang
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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12
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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Park SY, Eom J, Choi S, Kim J, Park EC. Association between watching eating broadcast "Mukbang and Cookbang" and body mass index status in South Korean adolescents stratified by gender. Nutr J 2024; 23:43. [PMID: 38637805 PMCID: PMC11027345 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that Mukbang and Cookbang, a type of eating broadcast originating from Korea and gaining popularity, may contribute to obesity. However, despite suggestions that Mukbang might contribute to obesity, studies investigating the impact of watching Mukbang on obesity is lacking. The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between watching Mukbang and Cookbang and body mass index (BMI) status in Korean adolescents. All analyses were stratified by gender. METHODS This study utilized data from the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys. The anonymous online survey was conducted with 56,213 students, and 51,850 students (92.2%) who participated in the survey were analyzed. Participants reported the frequency of watching Mukbang and Cookbang per week over the previous 12 months. BMI was categorized into four subgroups based on percentiles: underweight (< 5th percentile), normal (5th - 85th percentiles), overweight (85th - 95th percentiles), and obese (> 95th percentile). This study used multinomial logistic regression for analysis. RESULTS The likelihood of being obese was significantly higher in Mukbang-watching boys compared to those who never watched Mukbang and Cookbang (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.32). A dose-dependent association was found between the frequency of Mukbang and Cookbang watching and the likelihood of obesity among boys (p-for-trend < 0.0001). Subgroups that currently smoke, currently drink alcohol, frequently consume fast food, or drink sweetened beverages showed significantly higher odds of being obese in the "Ever" group than those in the "Never" group. CONCLUSION This study found a relationship between watching Mukbang and Cookbang and obesity in boys. Appropriate interventions should be considered for boys watching Mukbang and Cookbang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeon Park
- Premedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongha Eom
- Premedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoun Choi
- Premedical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Psychiatry, Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Borfe L, Reuter CP, Bandeira PFR, Martins C, Brand C, Gaya AR. WEB OF TRANSFORMATIONS: impact of multicomponent intervention on the relationship between sociodemographic indicators, changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers in adolescents with overweight and obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38626243 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2341131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to analyze the relationships between changes after multicomponent intervention in sociodemographic indicators, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers in overweight/obese adolescents. Quasi-experimental study with 33 overweight/obese adolescents (17 in the intervention group (IG) and 16 in the control group (16)), in which the GI participated in the multicomponent intervention for 24 weeks. Sociodemographic indicators, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical markers were evaluated. Network analysis was performed using JASP software. In GI, the reduction in %BF proved to be the variable with greater connectivity and strength in the network compared to the control network. Changes in %BF were related to changes in ACR, BMI and leptin. It is concluded that the reduction in %BF is the most important variable in network relationships after the intervention, suggesting that the greater the reduction in %BF, the greater the effect on variables such as BMI, ACR and leptina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Borfe
- Human Movement Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Department of Health Sciences and the Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice Martins
- Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Sports - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education and the Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Fu J, Sun S, Zhu S, Wang R, Chen D, Chen R, Xue R, Lv W, Zhang Y, Huang T, Hu X, Jiang T, Wen L, Su L, He Z, Zhao G, Zou W. Relationship between 24-h activity behavior and body fat percentage in preschool children: based on compositional data and isotemporal substitution analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1063. [PMID: 38627707 PMCID: PMC11022470 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate the dose‒response relationship between 24-h activity behaviors and body fat percentage (BFP) in Chinese preschool children using a compositional isotemporal substitution model (ISM). METHODS In a cross-sectional design, 881 children aged 3-6 from urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province were sampled. Activity behaviors, including sedentary behavior (SB), low-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to high-intensity physical activity (MVPA), were measured using accelerometers. Sleep patterns were assessed through questionnaires, and BFP was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The study employed compositional data analysis (CoDA) and ISM to estimate the impact of reallocating durations of different activity behaviors on BFP. RESULTS Higher BFP was found in urban vs. rural children, decreasing with age. Overweight and obesity rates were 10.6% and 7.6%, respectively, above national averages. MVPA and LPA were negatively correlated with BFP, while SB was positively correlated. A 30-min MVPA reduction significantly increased zBFR, particularly in overweight children. Gender-specific nuances revealed that boys' MVPA negatively influenced zBFP (β = -0.155), P < 0.05), while girls' SB positively impacted zBFP (β = 0.636, P < 0.01). Isotemporal simulations emphasized amplified effects in overweight children, with boys' zBFR rising rapidly when MVPA was substituted and girls displaying a notable substitution effect between SB and LPA. CONCLUSION BFP is closely linked to 24-h activity behaviors, notably in overweight and obese preschoolers. ISM identified MVPA as a critical influencer, with a 30-min reduction substantially increasing BFP. Gender disparities were evident, implicating MVPA in boys and LPA and SB in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Fu
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shunli Sun
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shenggen Zhu
- Physical Education Institute, Xinyu University, No.2666 Sunshine Avenue, Xinyu, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Delong Chen
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruiming Chen
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ran Xue
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wendi Lv
- School of Sports and Health, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, NoJiangxi, China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Technology Road, Fujian Normal University, No.1, University Town, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianle Jiang
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liqiang Su
- Physical Education Institute, Jiangxi Normal University, No.99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zihao He
- College of Sports and Human Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No.48 Information Road, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guanggao Zhao
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Weilu Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Gymnastics Sports Management Center, 28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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16
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Li Y, Xu C, Ban Y, Xi W, Han Y, Zhang X, Gao L. Influence of health-related behaviors patterns on obesity among primary and secondary school students: A latent profile analysis. Public Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38602094 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the co-existing patterns of health-related behaviors among children and adolescents at different education stages and the association with obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE A total of 5651 primary and secondary school students were drawn from the National Student Physical Health Survey in 2014 with an average age of 13.53 ± 2.87 years. MEASUREMENTS Physical measurements and questionnaires were completed, which concluded height, weight, and health-related behaviors (sleep, physical activity, dietary, and screen behavior et al.). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 26.0 was used for other statistical analysis. RESULTS Three latent classes of health-related behaviors were fitted for each of the education stages. After adjustment for age, gender, and region, the high-screen behavior group were 2.217 (95%CI = 1.030-4.772, p = .042) times more likely to be obesity than the health-behavior group in primary school, and the poor-diet group and poor-diet and high-screen behavior group were 2.101 (95%CI = 1.396-3.396, p < .001) and 1.788 (95%CI = 1.003-3.190, p = .049) times more likely to be overweight than the health-behavior group in junior middle school respectively. CONCLUSION Obesity is mainly influenced by screen behavior and dietary patterns among children and adolescents. Health-related behavior patterns should be accurately identified and comprehensive joint interventions should be carried out to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjing Ban
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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17
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Darling JC, Rudolf MCJ, Rubino F, Greenough A. Tackling obesity while preventing obesity stigma. Arch Dis Child 2024:archdischild-2023-325894. [PMID: 38589199 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant public health problem. Prevalence is rising in children and young people, with lifelong health impacts and implications for paediatric clinical practice. Obesity stigma is increasingly acknowledged as a problem within health services. Health professionals can inadvertently contribute to this stigma, which is harmful and in itself can promote weight gain. A complex web of factors contributes to obesity, and a simplistic approach exclusively focused on personal responsibility, diet and exercise is unhelpful. A more nuanced, sensitive and informed approach is needed, with careful use of language and non-judgemental partnership working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Darling
- Division of Women's and Children's Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Paediatric Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Mary C J Rudolf
- Department of Population Health, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Galil Elyon, Israel
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Greenough
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Stepan MD, Vintilescu ȘB, Ionele CM, Dumitra GG, Podeanu MA, Bigea CC, Sacerdoțianu VM, Anastasescu CM, Florescu DN. Associations of Ultrasound Findings with Serum Iron and Ferritin Levels in Children with Obesity. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:484. [PMID: 38672754 PMCID: PMC11051232 DOI: 10.3390/life14040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional status of children is always a concern for medical professionals. Increasingly, obesogenic factors have created a new global epidemic. Obesity is characterized by persistent inflammation, which can have detrimental effects on the growth and development of children. Iron and ferritin are both important factors to consider when evaluating these children due to their role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation. Recently, ultrasonographic evaluation seems to be an increasingly used method in pediatric clinical practice. In this study, we included 98 children aged 6-14 years, 72 of whom were obese and 26 had normal weight. The data obtained indicated that there was an association between low iron and increased ferritin levels, aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver visualized by ultrasonography, and the degree of fibrosis assessed elastographically. Ultrasonography can help us identify liver damage, but the possibility of identifying an association with other paraclinical investigations such as iron and ferritin levels can be cumulative. In this way, the assessment can be more complex, as the child benefits from comprehensive evaluation and management. The results drew attention to non-invasive, easy-to-perform, and low-cost methods of assessing obese children in terms of iron metabolism and structural liver changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioara Desdemona Stepan
- Department of Infant Care-Pediatrics-Neonatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ștefănița Bianca Vintilescu
- Department of Infant Care-Pediatrics-Neonatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Claudiu Marinel Ionele
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.I.); (V.M.S.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Gheorghe Gindrovel Dumitra
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2-4 Petru Rareș Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | | | - Victor Mihai Sacerdoțianu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.I.); (V.M.S.); (D.N.F.)
| | - Cătălina Mihaela Anastasescu
- Hospital of Neuropsychiatry Craiova, Children Mental Health Center, Pharmacology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Dan Nicolae Florescu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.I.); (V.M.S.); (D.N.F.)
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Moliterno P, Donhauser V, Widhalm K. Childhood Obesity Trends among 8-11-Year-Olds: Insights from a School Sample in Vienna, Austria (2017-2023). CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:431. [PMID: 38671648 PMCID: PMC11049460 DOI: 10.3390/children11040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In Austria, childhood obesity is a public health concern. This study examined time trends in the percentage of obesity among a sample of schoolchildren from Vienna (2017-2023). The body mass index percentiles of 326 children [9.3 years old (95% CI 8.3-10.5, min-max 8.0-10.9] from the EDDY study were calculated for trend analyses. Trend analysis was performed using a logistic regression using overweight and obesity as dependent binary variables, and study year and age as independent continuous variables. The percentage change over time was calculated, including the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity percentages increased from 23.5 (95% CI 15.1-31.9)% in 2017 to 25.0 (95% CI 12.2-37.8)% in 2023. From 2017 to 2023, while overweight/obesity percentages decreased by 25.9 (-59.5-15.6)%, obesity increased by 6.4 (-51.2-94.9)%. A non-significant trend (p ≥ 0.38) was observed. During the first period of the pandemic, the percentage changes in overweight/obesity and obesity were 68.4 (5.6-187.9)% and 29.2 (-37.3-166.8)%, respectively. The current percentage of obesity in this sample is high and peaked in 2020 during the pandemic. These findings emphasize the need for future investigations considering the representativeness of the school-aged population in Austria to gain a broader picture of overweight and obesity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moliterno
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Victoria Donhauser
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.M.); (V.D.)
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Szydlowska-Gladysz J, Gorecka AE, Stepien J, Rysz I, Ben-Skowronek I. IGF-1 and IGF-2 as Molecules Linked to Causes and Consequences of Obesity from Fetal Life to Adulthood: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3966. [PMID: 38612776 PMCID: PMC11012406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) on various aspects of children's health-from the realms of growth and puberty to the nuanced characteristics of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, liver pathology, carcinogenic potential, and cardiovascular disorders. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, with a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method employing specific keywords related to child health, obesity, and insulin-like growth factors. This study reveals associations between insulin-like growth factor 1 and birth weight, early growth, and adiposity. Moreover, insulin-like growth factors play a pivotal role in regulating bone development and height during childhood, with potential implications for puberty onset. This research uncovers insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it also highlights the association between insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and cancer. Additionally, this research explores the impact of insulin-like growth factors on cardiovascular health, noting their role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Insulin-like growth factors play vital roles in human physiology, influencing growth and development from fetal stages to adulthood. The impact of maternal obesity on children's IGF levels is complex, influencing growth and carrying potential metabolic consequences. Imbalances in IGF levels are linked to a range of health conditions (e.g., insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes), prompting researchers to seek novel therapies and preventive strategies, offering challenges and opportunities in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szydlowska-Gladysz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology with Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Iwona Ben-Skowronek
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology with Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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21
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Edwards K, Croker H, Farrow C, Haycraft E, Herle M, Llewellyn C, Pickard A, Blissett J. Examining Parent Mood, Feeding Context, and Feeding Goals as Predictors of Feeding Practices Used by Parents of Preschool Children With Avid Eating Behavior: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55193. [PMID: 38502178 PMCID: PMC10988368 DOI: 10.2196/55193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An avid eating behavior profile is characterized by a greater interest in food and a tendency to overeat in response to negative emotions. Parents use specific strategies to manage feeding interactions with children with avid eating behavior. While momentary and contextual factors, such as parental mood, have been found to influence parental feeding practices, there is a lack of research examining parents' daily experiences of feeding children with avid eating behavior. Examining this is important because parental feeding practices are key levers in tailored interventions to support children's healthy eating behavior. OBJECTIVE We aim to describe the ecological momentary assessment methods and procedures used in the APPETItE (Appetite in Preschoolers: Producing Evidence for Tailoring Interventions Effectively) project, which aims to examine how variation in parental mood, feeding goals, and the context of eating occasions affect the parental feeding practices used to manage feeding interactions with children with an avid eating behavior profile. METHODS Participants are primary caregivers from the APPETItE cohort who have a preschool-age child (aged 3-5 years) with an avid eating behavior profile. Caregivers complete a 10-day ecological momentary assessment period using signal- and event-contingent surveys to examine (1) mood and stress, (2) parental feeding goals, and (3) contextual factors as predictors of parental feeding practices. RESULTS Recruitment and data collection began in October 2023 and is expected to be completed by spring 2024. The data have a 3-level structure: repeated measurements (level 1) nested within days (level 2) nested within an individual (level 3). Thus, lag-dependent models will be conducted to test the main hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study will provide an understanding of caregivers' daily experiences of feeding preschool children with avid eating behavior, who are at greater risk for the development of obesity. Understanding the predictors of feeding practices at the moment they occur, and across various contexts, will inform the development of tailored resources to support caregivers in managing children's avid eating behavior. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55193.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Edwards
- School of Psychology and Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Croker
- World Cancer Research Fund International, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Farrow
- School of Psychology and Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz Herle
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Llewellyn
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Pickard
- School of Psychology and Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Blissett
- School of Psychology and Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Dodd-Reynolds C, Griffin N, Kyle P, Scott S, Fairbrother H, Holding E, Crowder M, Woodrow N, Summerbell C. Young people's experiences of physical activity insecurity: a qualitative study highlighting intersectional disadvantage in the UK. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:813. [PMID: 38491419 PMCID: PMC10941463 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intersecting socioeconomic and demographic reasons for physical activity (PA) inequalities are not well understood for young people at risk of experiencing marginalisation and living with disadvantage. This study explored young people's experiences of PA in their local area, and the associated impacts on opportunities for good physical and emotional health and wellbeing. METHODS Seven local youth groups were purposefully sampled from disadvantaged areas across urban, rural and coastal areas of England, including two that were specifically for LGBTQ + young people. Each group engaged in three interlinked focus groups which explored young people's perceptions and lived experience of PA inequalities. Data were analysed using an inductive, reflexive thematic approach to allow for flexibility in coding. RESULTS Fifty five young people aged 12-21 years of different sexualities, gender and ethnicity took part. Analysis yielded four themes: PA experiences across spaces; resigned to a lack of inclusivity and 'belonging'; safety first; complexities in access and accessibility. Young people felt more comfortable to be active in spaces that were simpler to navigate, particularly outdoor locations largely based in nature. In contrast, local gyms and sports clubs, and the school environment in general, were spoken about often in negative terms and as spaces where they experienced insecurity, unsafety or discomfort. It was common for these young people to feel excluded from PA, often linked to their gender and sexuality. Lived experiences or fears of being bullied and harassed in many activity spaces was a powerful message, but in contrast, young people perceived their local youth club as a safe space. Intersecting barriers related to deprivation, gender and sexuality, accessibility, disability, Covid-19, affordability, ethnicity, and proximity of social networks. A need emerged for safe spaces in which young people can come together, within the local community and choose to be active. CONCLUSIONS The overarching concept of 'physical activity insecurity' emerged as a significant concern for the young people in this study. We posit that PA insecurity in this context can be described as a limited or restricted ability to be active, reinforced by worries and lived experiences of feeling uncomfortable, insecure, or unsafe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dodd-Reynolds
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Fuse, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LA, UK.
| | - Naomi Griffin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Fuse, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Phillippa Kyle
- Newcastle University Business School, Fuse, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 4SE, UK
| | - Steph Scott
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Fuse, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 4LP, UK
| | | | | | - Mary Crowder
- ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | | | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Fuse, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LA, UK
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23
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Gooey M, Hailu H, Sturgiss E, Advocat J, Bergmeier H, Skouteris H. Preventing childhood obesity in general practice: a qualitative study of GPs, practice nurses, and practice managers. Fam Pract 2024:cmae013. [PMID: 38489826 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) in Australia have an important role to play in preventing childhood obesity. Activities such as growth monitoring and promotion of healthy behaviours can contribute to obesity prevention efforts; however, the practicalities of how this is done are poorly documented. OBJECTIVES Objectives were to understand current attitudes and practices regarding promoting healthy childhood growth and development and preventing childhood obesity in general practice, and identify practical barriers and enablers to routinely incorporating this into general practice based on the observations and personal experiences of general practice staff. METHODS A descriptive qualitative study was undertaken with Australian general practice staff. Barriers and enablers underwent thematic analysis and mapped to the ecological model. RESULTS Interviews were conducted with 9 GPs, 4 nurses, and 2 practice managers. Participants agreed that growth monitoring and healthy behaviour promotion should be done for children with a healthy weight. However, the thematic analysis indicated that obesity prevention in clinics is not supported well by the broader general practice system, there are complexities associated with obesity prevention discussions, and the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified challenges in general practice. Two themes for obesity prevention enablers were identified; these related to bridging the implementation gap and the need for changes outside the clinic to support behaviour within the clinic. Ecological model mapping implicated multiple ecological levels for each theme. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity prevention through growth monitoring and healthy behaviour promotion is relevant to general practice; however, more support is needed to enable implementation and embed these practices day-to-day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gooey
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Haimanot Hailu
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Sturgiss
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - Jenny Advocat
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - Heidi Bergmeier
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Wu X, Liu Q, Li Y, Yue M, Su Q, Luo J, Li Y, Zeng S, Gao J. Urinary neonicotinoid concentrations and obesity: A cross-sectional study among Chinese adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123516. [PMID: 38346638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological and toxicological studies on neonicotinoids and obesity have been relevant to adults and young children, but data are limited in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the association between urinary neonicotinoid concentrations and obesity measures among Chinese adolescent. A total of 524 urine samples from 300 boys (11.3-16.1 years) and 224 girls (12.1-15.8 years) were collected to detect the concentrations of eleven neonicotinoids. Generalized linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between detectable neonicotinoids and ten indicators of obesity. Nitenpyram concentration was associated with increased body mass index z-score (β = 0.170, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.299) and greater odds of being general obesity (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.46). N-desmethyl- acetamiprid concentration was associated with an increase in waist-to-height ratio (β = 0.102, 95% CI: 0.029, 0.176) and waist-to-hip ratio (β = 0.083, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.155). The concentrations of clothianidin (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.88) and flonicamid (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.07, 5.32) were associated with greater odds of being abdominal obesity. In contrast, the concentrations of imidacloprid (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.88) and thiacloprid (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.99) were associated with lower odds of being general obesity. The estimates of general obesity and abdominal obesity increased significantly when concentrations of neonicotinoids mixture were at or above the 55th and 65th percentiles, respectively, compared to the 50th percentile concentration. Sex modified the association between nitenpyram and clothianidin and the risk of obesity with a positive association among boys, and a nonsignificant inverse association among girls. The findings suggest that these associations may be mixed and sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yin Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Min Yue
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Chongqing Shapingba Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qian Su
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Luo
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shaohua Zeng
- China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, PR China
| | - Jieying Gao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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25
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Hu N, Wu Y, Yao Q, Huang S, Li W, Yao Z, Ye C. Association between late bedtime and obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1342514. [PMID: 38560399 PMCID: PMC10978672 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1342514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short sleep duration has been related to obesity in children and adolescents. However, it remains unknown whether late bedtime is also associated with obesity and whether the association is independent of sleep duration. A meta-analysis was performed to address this issue. Methods In order to accomplish the aim of the meta-analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify observational studies. The cutoff to determine late bedtime in children in this meta-analysis was consistent with the value used among the included original studies. As for obesity, it was typically defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 95th percentile of age and sex specified reference standards or the International Obesity Task Force defined age- and gender-specific cut-off of BMI. The Cochrane Q test was employed to evaluate heterogeneity among the included studies, while the I2 statistic was estimated. Random-effects models were utilized to merge the results, considering the potential impact of heterogeneity. Results Tweleve observational studies with 57,728 participants were included. Among them, 6,815 (11.8%) were obese. Pooled results showed that late bedtime reported by the participants or their caregivers was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.39, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in studies with (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.70, p = 0.02) and without adjustment of sleep duration (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.41, p < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis also showed that the association was not significantly affected by study location, design, age of the participants, or diagnostic methods for obesity (p for subgroup difference all >0.05). Conclusion Late bedtime is associated with obesity in children and adolescents, which may be independent of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunfeng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Agbaje AO. Waist-circumference-to-height-ratio had better longitudinal agreement with DEXA-measured fat mass than BMI in 7237 children. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03112-8. [PMID: 38443520 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absolute agreement of surrogate measures of adiposity with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-measured body composition was examined. METHODS Over a 15-year follow-up, 7237 (3667 females) nine-year-old children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) UK birth cohort were included. Total fat mass (FM) and trunk FM were serially measured with DEXA at ages 9, 11, 15, 17, and 24 years. BMI and waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHtR) were computed. Pearson's correlations, intraclass correlations (ICC), and area under curve (AUC) analyses were conducted. RESULTS Over 15 years, BMI, total FM, and trunk FM, increased but WHtR was relatively stable. WHtR provided a better longitudinal absolute agreement [males ICC 0.84 (95% CI 0.84-0.85); females 0.81 (0.80-0.82)] than BMI [(males (0.65 (0.64-0.66); females 0.72 (0.71-0.73)] with total FM as well as trunk FM from ages 9-24 years. WHtR cut-point for predicting excess total FM (75th-95th percentile) was 0.50-0.53 in males [AUC 0.86-0.94, sensitivity 0.51-0.79 and specificity 0.93-0.95]. WHtR cut-point for predicting excess total FM (75th-95th percentile) was 0.52-0.54 in females [AUC 0.83-0.95, sensitivity 0.38-0.68 and specificity 0.92-0.95]. Results were similar with trunk FM. CONCLUSION WHtR is an inexpensive alternative to BMI for predicting FM in pediatrics. IMPACT Waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a better adiposity surrogate measure than body mass index (BMI) in predicting fat mass and discriminating lean mass from childhood through young adulthood. BMI has been used as an inexpensive surrogate measure of adiposity in children for several decades. However, emerging findings suggest that BMI fails to discriminate between fat mass adiposity and lean mass. This is the first-ever longitudinal study in over 7000 children followed up for 15 years that identified WHtR as an inexpensive accurate measure that discriminates fat mass from lean mass that could replace BMI measure of obesity in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Miranda-Alatriste PV, Colin-Ramirez E, Inda Icaza P, Ponce-Martínez X, Shor Mochón A, Martinsanchez Vázquez N, García-Arreola B, Espinosa-Cuevas MDLÁ. Association between BMI z-score and body composition indexes with blood pressure and grip strength in school-age children: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5477. [PMID: 38443395 PMCID: PMC10915149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is linked to diverse health outcomes, including elevated blood pressure (EBP). Emerging evidence showed that excess fat mass (FM) may have a deleterious impact on blood pressure even in normal-weight children. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between body weight status by BMI z-score and body composition parameters by conventional bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Also, we aimed to explore the performance of BMI z-score, %FM, and FM index (FMI) in discriminating EBP in a sample of school-age Mexican children. Children were classified as having normal weight, overweight or obesity according to WHO criteria for BMI z-score. FMI was considered high when above 75th percentile, and fat free mass index (FFMI) was considered low when below 25th percentile of the reference population. Body composition was also classified according to the BIVA method and EBP was determined when systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile. BMI z-score groups were compared by Student´s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, or by the chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. 61 children were included (52.5% boys, median age 9.8 (25th, 75th percentiles: 8.5, 11.0)) years. High FMI was observed in 32.3% of children with normal weight. Low FFMI was present in 93.5% of children with normal weight and 53.3% of those with overweight/obesity. According to BIVA, 58.1% and 43.3% of children with normal weight and overweight/obesity were classified as having cachexia. All the three adiposity indicators showed significant areas under the ROC curve (AURC) greater than 0.775 for EBP, with the largest one displayed for FM% (0.794). Hight FMI and low FFMI are common in children with normal weight. Identifying deficiency of FFM might be limited by using solely BMI indicators. Cachexia by BIVA was present in a high proportion of children with either normal weight or overweight/obesity. Both BMI z-score and FM (% and FMI) performed well at discriminating EBP, with a numerically greater AURC observed for FM%. Body composition in pediatric population is relevant for identifying body composition abnormalities at early age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloisa Colin-Ramirez
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Lomas Anáhuac, 52786, Huixquilucan, Mexico.
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Fisberg M, Gioia N, Maximino P. Transgenerational transmission of eating habits. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100 Suppl 1:S82-S87. [PMID: 38142715 PMCID: PMC10960189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the biopsychosocial environment and eating habits and behaviors that lead to the selection and consumption of certain food from the earliest stages of life. To clarify whether there is an interaction between genetic and epigenetic factors, and how they shape eating habits. DATA SOURCE A narrative review based on research in PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases was carried out over the last 10 years, searching the title and summary fields using the keywords Children OR adolescents Feeding Behavior eating OR Dietary Habits OR Eating Behavior OR Eating Habits OR Children obesity. DATA SYNTHESIS The generational transmission of eating habits is related to the home, community, and school environments, mainly during the first years of life, and can exert the modulation of habits during all stages of life. During childhood, the family's role in consolidating eating habits is very broad and ranges from choosing foods to prioritizing family meals, including the lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS Eating habits are transmitted from parents to children in different ways: environmental, emotional, social, and educational. In cases of obesity, a greater association of genetic influence can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fisberg
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pensi - Sabará Hospital Infantil, Centro de Excelência em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentares (CENDA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Gioia
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pensi - Sabará Hospital Infantil, Centro de Excelência em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentares (CENDA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maximino
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pensi - Sabará Hospital Infantil, Centro de Excelência em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentares (CENDA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kostopoulou E, Kalavrizioti D, Davoulou P, Papachristou E, Sinopidis X, Fouzas S, Dassios T, Gkentzi D, Kyriakou SI, Karatza A, Dimitriou G, Goumenos D, Spiliotis BE, Plotas P, Papasotiriou M. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Activin-A and Clusterin in Children and Adolescents with Obesity or Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:450. [PMID: 38396489 PMCID: PMC10887959 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in diabetes and obesity through macrophage activation. Macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), activin-A, and clusterin are chemokines with known roles in diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate their possible diagnostic and/or early prognostic values in children and adolescents with obesity and type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS We obtained serum samples from children and adolescents with a history of T1DM or obesity, in order to measure and compare MCP-1, activin-A, and clusterin concentrations. RESULTS Forty-three subjects were included in each of the three groups (controls, T1DM, and obesity). MCP-1 values were positively correlated to BMI z-score. Activin-A was increased in children with obesity compared to the control group. A trend for higher values was detected in children with T1DM. MCP-1 and activin-A levels were positively correlated. Clusterin levels showed a trend towards lower values in children with T1DM or obesity compared to the control group and were negatively correlated to renal function. CONCLUSIONS The inflammation markers MCP-1, activin-A, and clusterin are not altered in children with T1DM. Conversely, obesity in children is positively correlated to serum MCP-1 values and characterized by higher activin-A levels, which may reflect an already established systematic inflammation with obesity since childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Kostopoulou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.K.); (B.E.S.)
| | - Dimitra Kalavrizioti
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.K.); (P.D.); (E.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Panagiota Davoulou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.K.); (P.D.); (E.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Evangelos Papachristou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.K.); (P.D.); (E.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Xenophon Sinopidis
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Sotirios Fouzas
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.F.); (T.D.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Theodore Dassios
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.F.); (T.D.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Despoina Gkentzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.F.); (T.D.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Stavroula Ioanna Kyriakou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Ageliki Karatza
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.F.); (T.D.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Gabriel Dimitriou
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.F.); (T.D.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (G.D.)
| | - Dimitrios Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.K.); (P.D.); (E.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Bessie E. Spiliotis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.K.); (B.E.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Marios Papasotiriou
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (D.K.); (P.D.); (E.P.); (D.G.); (M.P.)
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Zhu YH, Hu P, Luo YX, Yao XQ. Knowledge mapping of trends and hotspots in the field of exercise and cognition research over the past decade. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:19. [PMID: 38308660 PMCID: PMC10838253 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Exercise elicits a wide range of physiological responses in mammalian tissues that enhance a broad range of functions, particularly in improving cognitive performance. However, the field lacks a comprehensive bibliometric analysis that clarifies its knowledge structure and research hotspots. This study aims to address this gap and map the research landscape regarding the role of exercise in cognitive function enhancement. Firstly, the frequencies and co-occurrence of keywords were analysed to identify six main clusters: aging, cognitive impairment, rehabilitation, obesity, fatigue, and hippocampus. Secondly, reference timeline co-citation analysis revealed that hippocampus and aging were the major bursts with high intensity and long attention span while children had recently emerged as a topical subject. Finally, the evolution of themes from 2012 to 2022 was analysed, and found that older adults had been the leading research theme for exercise affecting cognition. Childhood obesity was an emerging theme that attracted increasing research attention in recent years while the hippocampus research theme expanded rapidly during the decade but remained a niche topic with less relevance to others. This research identified and summarised research priorities and evolutionary trends in exercise to improve cognition by constructing knowledge networks through visual analysis. It provides researchers with a comprehensive insight into the current state of the field to facilitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hai Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Xi Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiu-Qing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Chongqing, China.
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Martins C, Romo-Perez V, Webster EK, Duncan M, Lemos LF, Staiano AE, Okely A, Magistro D, Carlevaro F, Bardid F, Magno F, Nobre G, Estevan I, Mota J, Ning K, Robinson LE, Lenoir M, Quan M, Valentini NC, Cross P, Jones R, Henrique R, Chen ST, Diao Y, Bandeira PR, Barnett LM. Motor Competence and Body Mass Index in the Preschool Years: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Analysis of 5545 Children from Eight Countries. Sports Med 2024; 54:505-516. [PMID: 37747664 PMCID: PMC10939976 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE One in five preschool children are overweight/obese, and increased weight status over time increases the risks of poorer future health. Motor skill competence may be a protective factor, giving children the ability to participate in health-enhancing physical activity. Yet, we do not know when the relationship between motor competence and weight status first emerges or whether it is evident across the body mass index (BMI) spectrum. This study examined the association between motor skill competence and BMI in a multi-country sample of 5545 preschoolers (54.36 ± 9.15 months of age; 50.5% boys) from eight countries. METHODS Quantile regression analyses were used to explore the associations between motor skill competence (assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second/Third Edition) and quantiles of BMI (15th; 50th; 85th; and 97th percentiles), adjusted for sex, age in months, and country. RESULTS Negative associations of locomotor skills, ball skills, and overall motor skill competence with BMI percentiles (p < 0.005) were seen, which became stronger at the higher end of the BMI distribution (97th percentile). Regardless of sex, for each raw score point increase in locomotor skills, ball skills, and overall motor skill competence scores, BMI is reduced by 8.9%, 6.8%, and 5.1%, respectively, for those preschoolers at the 97th BMI percentile onwards. CONCLUSIONS Public health policies should position motor skill competence as critical for children's obesity prevention from early childhood onwards. Robust longitudinal and experimental designs are encouraged to explore a possible causal pathway between motor skill competence and BMI from early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Martins
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Vicente Romo-Perez
- Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - E Kipling Webster
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Duncan
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Luís Filipe Lemos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport, Lusofona University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Anthony Okely
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fabio Carlevaro
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori, Uni-Astiss, Asti, Italy
| | - Farid Bardid
- Strathclyde Institute of Education, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francesca Magno
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori, Uni-Astiss, Asti, Italy
| | - Glauber Nobre
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ke Ning
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Leah E Robinson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Minghui Quan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Nadia C Valentini
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Penny Cross
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel Jones
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rafael Henrique
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yucui Diao
- School of Sport, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Paulo R Bandeira
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Alina M, Phillips E, Alharithi Y, Kadam L, Coussens L, Kumar S. Metabolic abnormalities in the bone marrow cells of young offspring born to obese mothers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3830161. [PMID: 38313293 PMCID: PMC10836107 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3830161/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Intrauterine metabolic reprogramming occurs in obese mothers during gestation, putting the offspring at high risk of developing obesity and associated metabolic disorders even before birth. We have generated a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet-induced obesity that recapitulates the metabolic changes seen in humans born to obese women. Here, we profiled and compared the metabolic characteristics of bone marrow cells of newly weaned 3-week-old offspring of dams fed either a high-fat (Off-HFD) or a regular diet (Off-RD). We utilized a state-of-the-art targeted metabolomics approach coupled with a Seahorse metabolic analyzer. We revealed significant metabolic perturbation in the offspring of HFD-fed vs. RD-fed dams, including utilization of glucose primarily via oxidative phosphorylation. We also found a reduction in levels of amino acids, a phenomenon previously linked to bone marrow aging. Using flow cytometry, we identified a unique B cell population expressing CD19 and CD11b in the bone marrow of three-week-old offspring of high-fat diet-fed mothers, and found increased expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on myeloid CD11b, and on CD11bhi B cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that the offspring of obese mothers show metabolic and immune changes in the bone marrow at a very young age and prior to any symptomatic metabolic disease.
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Agbaje AO, Saner C, Zhang J, Henderson M, Tuomainen TP. DEXA-based Fat Mass with the Risk of Worsening Insulin Resistance in Adolescents: A 9-Year Temporal and Mediation Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae004. [PMID: 38173399 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Surrogate measures of childhood and adolescent obesity have impaired the understanding of body composition's relationship with insulin resistance in the young population. OBJECTIVES We aim to examine the longitudinal associations of directly measured total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and lean mass with the risk of hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance from ages 15-24 years, the mediation path through which lipids and inflammation influence insulin resistance and whether increased fat mass temporally precede insulin resistance. METHODS We studied 3160 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort, who had complete dual-energy Xray absorptiometry measure and fasting blood samples at age 15 years and repeated measures at ages 17- and 24-years clinic visit. Fasting glucose >6.1 mmol/L, insulin >11.78 mU/L, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥75th percentile were categorized as hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, and high insulin resistance, respectively. Longitudinal associations were examined with generalized logit-mixed effect models, whilst mediation and temporal path analyses were examined using structural equation models, adjusting for cardiometabolic and other lifestyle factors. RESULTS Among 3160 participants (51% female), fat mass and lean mass increased linearly in both males and females while glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR had a U-shaped course from age 15 through 24 years. After full adjustment, each 1 kg cumulative increase in total fat mass [odds ratio 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.11-1.13)] and trunk fat mass [1.21 (1.19-1.23)] from ages 15 through 24 years were associated with a progressively worsening risk of high insulin resistance as well as hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia. The association of increased total fat mass with increased insulin resistance was partly mediated by triglycerides (9% mediation). In the temporal path analysis, higher total fat mass at age 15 years was associated with higher insulin resistance at 17 years, but not vice versa. Higher total fat mass at 17 years was bi-directionally associated with higher insulin resistance at 24 years. CONCLUSION Mid-adolescence may be an optimal time for interrupting the worsening fat mass-insulin resistance pathologic cycle and attenuating the risk of progressively worsening metabolic dysfunction before young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Saner
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Šebeková K, Gurecká R, Podracká Ľ. Association of Leukocyte, Erythrocyte, and Platelet Counts with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Young Individuals without Overt Signs of Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:66. [PMID: 38255379 PMCID: PMC10814977 DOI: 10.3390/children11010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. MetS is associated with increased leukocyte or erythrocyte counts. In 16- to 20-year-old males (n = 1188) and females (n = 1231) without signs of overt inflammation, we studied whether the presence of MetS and its components results in elevated blood cell counts. The leukocyte, erythrocyte, and thrombocyte counts significantly but weakly correlated with the continuous MetS score, MetS components, uric acid, and C-reactive protein levels both in males (r = -0.09 to 0.2; p < 0.01) and females (r = -0.08 to 0.2; p < 0.05). Subjects with MetS had higher leukocyte (males: 6.2 ± 1.3 vs. 6.9 ± 1.2 × 109/L; females 6.6 ± 1.5 vs. 7.5 ± 1.6 × 109/L; p < 0.001), erythrocyte (males: 5.1 ± 0.3 vs. 5.3 ± 0.3 × 1012/L; females: 4.5 ± 0.3 vs. 4.8 ± 0.3 × 1012/L; p < 0.001), and platelet counts (males: 245 ± 48 vs. 261 ± 47 × 109/L; females: 274 ± 56 vs. 288 ± 74 × 109/L; p < 0.05) than those without MetS. With the exception of platelet counts in females, the blood counts increased with the number of manifested MetS components. Phenotypes with the highest average leukocyte, erythrocyte, or platelet counts differed between sexes, and their prevalence was low (males: 0.3% to 3.9%; females: 1.2% to 2.7%). Whether functional changes in blood elements accompany MetS and whether the increase in blood counts within the reference ranges represents a risk for future manifestation of cardiometabolic diseases remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Podracká
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National Institute for Children Health, Comenius University, 83340 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Fila M, Chojnacki C, Chojnacki J, Blasiak J. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in abdominal migraine in children - A therapeutic potential? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 48:1-12. [PMID: 37984006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal migraine (AM) is a clinical diagnosis specified by Rome IV and ICHD III as a functional gastrointestinal disease (FGID) and a migraine associated syndrome, respectively. Abdominal migraine in childhood and adolescence may continue with migraine headaches in adulthood. This disease is undiagnosed and undertreated, and thus far the FDA has not approved any drug for AM treatment. It was shown that changes in the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism played an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of FIGDs and associated mood disorders. Changes in the KYN pathway were shown in migraine and therefore it may be involved in AM pathogenesis. FINDINGS Abdominal migraine reflects an impairment in the communication within the gut-brain axis. Treatment approaches in AM are based on the experience of physicians, presenting personal rather than evidence-based practice, including efficacy of some drugs in adult migraine. Non-pharmacological treatment of AM is aimed at preventing or ameliorating AM triggers and is based on the STRESS mnemonic. Metabolic treatments with riboflavin and coenzyme Q10 were effective in several cases of pediatric migraine, but in general, results on metabolic treatment in migraine in children are scarce and nonconclusive. Modulations within the KYN pathway of TRP metabolism induced by changes in TRP content in the diet, may ameliorate FGIDs and support their pharmacological treatment. Pharmacological manipulations of brain KYNs in animals have brought promising results for clinical applications. Obese children show a higher headache prevalence and may be especially predisposed to AM, and KYN metabolites showed an alternated distribution in obese individuals as compared with their normal-weight counterparts. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, controlled placebo-based clinical trials with dietary manipulation to adjust the amount of the product of the KYN pathway of TRP metabolism are justified in children and adolescents with AM, especially those with coexisting obesity. Further preclinical studies are needed to establish details of these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647, Poland
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647, Poland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 09-420 Plock, Poland.
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Çelik N, Ünsal G, Taştanoğlu H. Predictive markers of metabolically healthy obesity in children and adolescents: can AST/ALT ratio serve as a simple and reliable diagnostic indicator? Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:243-251. [PMID: 37870612 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) according to two different consensus-based criteria and to investigate simple, measurable predictive markers for the diagnosis of MHO. Five hundred and ninety-three obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were included in the study. The frequency of MHO was calculated. ROC analysis was used to estimate the predictive value of AST/ALT ratio, waist/hip ratio, MPV, TSH, and Ft4 cut-off value for the diagnosis of MHO. The prevalence of MHO was 21.9% and 10.2% according to 2018 and 2023 consensus-based MHO criteria, respectively. AST/ALT ratio cut-off value for the diagnosis of MHO was calculated as ≥ 1 with 77% sensitivity and 52% specificity using Damanhoury et al.'s criteria (AUC = 0.61, p = 0.02), and 90% sensitivity and 51% specificity using Abiri et al.'s criteria (AUC = 0.70, p = 0.01). Additionally, using binomial regression analysis, only the AST/ALT ratio is independently and significantly associated with the diagnosis of MHO (p = 0.03 for 2018 criteria and p = 0.04 for 2023 criteria). CONCLUSION The ALT/AST ratio may be a useful indicator of MHO in children and adolescents. WHAT IS KNOWN • Metabolically healthy obesity refers to people who are obese but do not have any of the standard cardio-metabolic risk factors. • Metabolically healthy obesity is not entirely harmless; the metabolic characteristics of individuals with this phenotype are less favorable than those of healthy lean groups. Moreover, it is not a constant state, and there may be a transition to metabolically unhealthy phenotypes over time. WHAT IS NEW • The prevalence of MHO is 21.9% and 10.2% according to 2018 and 2023 consensus-based metabolically healthy obesity criteria, respectively. • The ALT/AST ratio may be a useful indicator of metabolically healthy obesity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Çelik
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Gülşah Ünsal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Taştanoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Krawiec P, Ziętara KJ, Pawłowski P, Samardakiewicz M, Pac-Kożuchowska E, Herbet M. The Impact of Chronic Stress Related to COVID-19 on Eating Behaviors and the Risk of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38201884 PMCID: PMC10780384 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity in children was observed. It appears that unhealthy food choices, an unbalanced diet, and a sedentary lifestyle, as well as experiencing stress related to the pandemic, may be contributing to this disturbing trend. Chronic stress is a significant factor contributing to eating disorders and obesity in youngsters, involving medical, molecular, and psychological elements. Individuals under chronic stress often focus on appearance and weight, leading to negative body image and disrupted relationships with food, resulting in unhealthy eating behaviors. Chronic stress also impacts hormonal balance, reducing the satiety hormone leptin and elevating the appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin, fostering increased hunger and uncontrolled snacking. Two systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic system with the adrenal medulla, are activated in response to stress, causing impaired secretion of noradrenaline and cortisol. Stress-related obesity mechanisms encompass oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal and neurotransmission disorders. Stress induces insulin resistance, elevating obesity risk by disrupting blood sugar regulation and fat storage. Stress also affects the gut microbiome, potentially influencing chronic inflammation and metabolic processes linked to obesity. In conclusion, chronic stress is a multifaceted risk factor for eating disorders and obesity in children, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of effective preventive and intervention strategies amid the escalating prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paulina Krawiec
- Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1 Street, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (E.P.-K.)
| | - Karolina Joanna Ziętara
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Piotr Pawłowski
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Marzena Samardakiewicz
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Aspects of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Pac-Kożuchowska
- Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1 Street, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (E.P.-K.)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Mueller K, Messner A, Nairz J, Winder B, Staudt A, Stock K, Gande N, Hochmayr C, Bernar B, Pechlaner R, Griesmacher A, Egger AE, Geiger R, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Knoflach M, Kiechl SJ. Determinants of Diet Quality in Adolescents: Results from the Prospective Population-Based EVA-Tyrol and EVA4YOU Cohorts. Nutrients 2023; 15:5140. [PMID: 38140399 PMCID: PMC10746085 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Unhealthy dietary behaviors are estimated to be one of the leading causes of death globally and are often shaped at a young age. Here, we investigated adolescent diet quality and its predictors, including nutrition knowledge, in two large Central European cohorts. (2) Methods: In 3056 participants of the EVA-Tyrol and EVA4YOU prospective population-based cohort studies aged 14 to 19 years, diet quality was assessed using the AHEI-2010 and DASH scores, and nutrition knowledge was assessed using the questionnaire from Turconi et al. Associations were examined utilizing multivariable linear regression. (3) Results: The mean overall AHEI-2010 score was 42%, and the DASH score was 45%. Female participants (60.6%) had a significantly higher diet quality according to the AHEI-2010 and DASH score. AHEI-2010 and DASH scores were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with sex, school type, smoking, and total daily energy intake. The DASH score was additionally significantly associated (p < 0.001) with age, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Participants with better nutrition knowledge were more likely to be older, to attend a general high school, to live in a high-income household, to be non-smokers, and to have a higher diet quality according to the AHEI-2010 and DASH score. (4) Conclusions: Predictors of better diet quality included female sex, physical activity, educational level, and nutrition knowledge. These results may aid focused interventions to improve diet quality in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mueller
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Alex Messner
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Johannes Nairz
- Department of Paediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Bernhard Winder
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Feldkirch Hospital, Carinagasse 41, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria;
| | - Anna Staudt
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Katharina Stock
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Nina Gande
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Christoph Hochmayr
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Benoît Bernar
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- The Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (ZIMCL), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Alexander E. Egger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Paediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Michael Knoflach
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Sophia J. Kiechl
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital, Hochzirl 1, 6170 Zirl, Austria
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Katsa ME, Kostopoulou E, Nomikos T, Ioannidis A, Sarris V, Papadogiannis S, Spiliotis BE, Rojas Gil AP. The Response of Antioxidant Enzymes and Antiapoptotic Markers to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in Children and Adolescents with Excess Body Weight. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16517. [PMID: 38003707 PMCID: PMC10672007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. This observational study investigates the antioxidant and apoptotic markers response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a population of overweight children and adolescents, with normal (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations, as well as oxidative stress (SOD, GPx3) and apoptotic markers (Apo1fas, cck18), were determined at T = 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after glucose intake during OGTT. The lipid profile, thyroid function, insulin-like growth factor1, leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin were also measured at baseline. The 45 participants, with a mean age of 12.15 (±2.3) years old, were divided into two subcategories: those with NGΤ (n = 31) and those with IGT (n = 14). The area under the curve (AUC) of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide was greater in children with IGT; however, only glucose differences were statistically significant. SOD and GPx3 levels were higher at all time points in the IGT children. Apo1fas and cck18 levels were higher in the NGT children at most time points, whereas Adiponectin was lower in the IGT group. Glucose increased during an OGTT accompanied by a simultaneous increase in antioxidant factors, which may reflect a compensatory mechanism against the impending increase in oxidative stress in children with IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Efthymia Katsa
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; (M.E.K.); (A.I.); (V.S.); (S.P.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eirini Kostopoulou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.K.); (B.E.S.)
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; (M.E.K.); (A.I.); (V.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Vasileios Sarris
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; (M.E.K.); (A.I.); (V.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Spyridon Papadogiannis
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; (M.E.K.); (A.I.); (V.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Bessie E. Spiliotis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.K.); (B.E.S.)
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas Gil
- Laboratory of Basic Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; (M.E.K.); (A.I.); (V.S.); (S.P.)
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Gosadi IM. Assessment of School Contributions to Healthy Eating, Physical Activity Education, and Support for Weight-Loss Attempts among Adolescents from Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Nutrients 2023; 15:4688. [PMID: 37960341 PMCID: PMC10650471 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the contribution of schools in Saudi Arabia towards the provision of education and support concerning weight management among adolescents. It also identifies adolescents who have attempted to lose weight and examines their preferred weight-loss methods and their sources of weight-loss support. This study is a cross-sectional investigation that targets adolescents in intermediate and secondary schools in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire that looked at the involvement of the school in the provision of education pertaining to weight control and the weight-loss experiences of students who had attempted to lose weight. The study involved 501 adolescents, 45% of whom had attempted to lose weight, where the most common methods for weight loss being reducing food consumption (77%), exercising (75%), and fasting (49%). The assessment of the schools' contributions indicated its suboptimal role in the provision of education concerning physical activity compared to education about eating habits. The most commonly reported sources of weight-loss support were the students' families (54%), followed by community facilities (44%). The least common sources were the students' schools (24%). These findings indicate that schools need to enhance their contribution to encouraging adolescents to adopt a healthy lifestyle, while also ensuring multi-sectorial collaboration with families and community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82621, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Martinko A, Sorić M, Jurak G, Starc G. Physical fitness among children with diverse weight status during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-wide, cohort study based on the Slovenian physical fitness surveillance system (SLOfit). THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 34:100748. [PMID: 37927431 PMCID: PMC10624998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 public health crisis has exerted immediate negative impacts on children's physical fitness, but the longer-term effects are not clear, and the impact on children with excess weight is yet unknown. We examined changes in multiple components of physical fitness in response to COVID-19 imposed restrictions, but also a year after the restrictions were terminated, and compared these trends in groups of boys and girls with normal weight, overweight, or obesity before the pandemic. Methods Information was gathered through Slovenia's national fitness surveillance system, and included 41,330 children (19,890 girls), aged 5-17, who had their fitness levels measured yearly from 2019 to 2022. Multilevel linear mixed models, fitted separately for boys and girls, were used to model the individual-level trends over time in centile score for each fitness test across 3 weight groups. Findings Overall fitness levels decreased markedly across all weight categories between 2019 and 2020, with the largest decreases in Total Fitness Index observed in children with normal weight and overweight (-8.4 and -7.7 centiles for boys and -8.3 and -8.8 for girls, respectively, p < 0.001). While there was some recovery in the overall fitness level between 2020 and 2022, it remained much lower in 2022 compared to 2019 across most groups, apart from boys with obesity. Fitness components that had the largest impact on general fitness trends were cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body power, body core, and upper body strength. Interpretation A severe decline in fitness that has not come close to returning to pre-pandemic levels in most population groups of youth begs for urgent population-wide initiatives that will provide additional opportunities for physical activity to youth. Among vulnerable groups, girls with overweight and obesity deserve a special focus of these policies. Funding Horizon 2020 (Grant no. 774548), Slovenian National Research Agency (Grant no. P5-0142), Croatian Science Foundation (Grant no. DOK-2020-01-3728).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Peng J, Lü M, Wang P, Peng Y, Tang X. The global burden of metabolic disease in children and adolescents: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2000-2019. Metabolism 2023; 148:155691. [PMID: 37748677 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Liu Z, Xiao T, Liu H. Leptin signaling and its central role in energy homeostasis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1238528. [PMID: 38027481 PMCID: PMC10644276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1238528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin plays a critical role in regulating appetite, energy expenditure and body weight, making it a key factor in maintaining a healthy balance. Despite numerous efforts to develop therapeutic interventions targeting leptin signaling, their effectiveness has been limited, underscoring the importance of gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms through which leptin exerts its functions. While the hypothalamus is widely recognized as the primary site responsible for the appetite-suppressing and weight-reducing effects of leptin, other brain regions have also been increasingly investigated for their involvement in mediating leptin's action. In this review, we summarize leptin signaling pathways and the neural networks that mediate the effects of leptin, with a specific emphasis on energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxun Liu
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Nursing Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hailan Liu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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de Souza Marques DC, dos Santos Moraes LR, de Souza Marques MG, Ryal JJ, Santos IC, De Paula Silva Lalucci MP, Mota J, Valdés-Badilla P, Westphal Nardo G, Magnani Branco BH. Effects of 12 Weeks of Family and Individual Multi-Disciplinary Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adolescents under Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters: A Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6954. [PMID: 37887692 PMCID: PMC10606176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of multi-disciplinary family and individual intervention on cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese adolescents and compare sub-groups, considering possible differences between sexes (males vs. females vs. intervention approach). Forty-three adolescents (13.73 ± 2.46 years old) of both sexes were divided into two groups: family group (FG) (n = 21; 14.24 ± 2.61 years old) and individual group (IG) (n = 22; 13.23 ± 2.27 years old). The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry (body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), calculation of body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR)), body composition (fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF), and visceral fat), biochemical measures (fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c)), and the measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before and after the interventions. The multi-disciplinary interventions occurred for 12 weeks (three days a week lasting 1 h and 30 min, in which 30 min were dedicated to theoretical interventions (nutrition: nutritional education and psychology: psychoeducation) and 1 h to physical exercises. A time effect was observed for LM, FFM, SMM, FM, and HDL-c, with higher values after intervention and a significant decrease for FM, BF, visceral fat, fasting glucose, TG, TC, LDL-c, and DBP (p < 0.05). However, no group, sub-group, or interaction effects were observed when comparing FG, IG, or sexes (p > 0.05). The responses of the present study show that both multi-disciplinary approaches (family and individual) promoted improvement in the body composition indicators, biochemical markers, and DBP of overweight and obese adolescents independently of the intervention group. Given this finding, health professionals, families, and adolescents could choose the type of intervention based on their preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Cristina de Souza Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Lilian Rosana dos Santos Moraes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Marilene Ghiraldi de Souza Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Joed Jacinto Ryal
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Isabella Caroline Santos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Marielle Priscila De Paula Silva Lalucci
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile;
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Vinã del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Greice Westphal Nardo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile;
| | - Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Medicine Course, Department of Health Sciences, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
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Zare Z, Hajizadeh E, Mahmoodi M, Nazari R, Shahmoradi L, Rezayi S. Smartphone-based application to control and prevent overweight and obesity in children: design and evaluation. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:201. [PMID: 37794423 PMCID: PMC10548714 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multifaceted condition that impacts individuals across various age, racial, and socioeconomic demographics, hence rendering them susceptible to a range of health complications and an increased risk of premature mortality. The frequency of obesity among adolescent females in Iran has exhibited an increase from 6 to 9%, while among boys, it has risen from 2 to 7%. Due to the increasing prevalence and advancements in technology, the primary objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a smartphone-based app that would serve as an educational tool for parents about the matter of childhood overweight and obesity. Additionally, the app aimed to enhance parents' capacity to effectively address and manage their children's weight-related concerns. METHODS The design of the present study is of an applied-developmental type. In the first phase, the content of related smartphone-based app was determined based on the needs identified in similar studies and the findings of a researcher-made questionnaire. The versions of the app were designed in the android studio 3 programming environment, using the Java 8 programming language and SQLite database. Then, in order to evaluate the app's usability, ease of access, and different features, the standard usability evaluation questionnaire and the user satisfaction questionnaire (QUIS) were completed by the users. RESULTS The developed app has five main sections: the main page, recommendation section (with eight parts), charts over the time, child psychology, and reminders for each user. The designed app was given to 20 people including nutritionists and parents with children under 18 years of age for conducting usability evaluation. According to the scores of participants about the usability evaluation of the app, it can be concluded that groups participating in the study could use the program, and they rated the app at a "good" level. Overall performance of the app, screen capabilities, terms and information of the program, learnability, and general features are scored higher than 7.5 out of 9. CONCLUSION By using this app, people can become familiar with the causes and symptoms of weight imbalance and manage their weight as best as possible. This app can be considered as a model for designing and creating similar broader systems and programs for the prevention, management, treatment and care of diseases, which aim to help control diseases as much as possible and increase the quality of life and reduce complications for be patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zare
- Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Hajizadeh
- Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoodi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nazari
- Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Shahmoradi
- Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sorayya Rezayi
- Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
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Bindels-de Heus KGCB, Hagenaar DA, Dekker I, van der Kaay DCM, Kerkhof GF, Elgersma Y, de Wit MCY, Mous SE, Moll HA. Hyperphagia, Growth, and Puberty in Children with Angelman Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5981. [PMID: 37762921 PMCID: PMC10532359 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by lack of maternal UBE3A protein due to a deletion of the chromosome 15q11.2-q13 region, uniparental paternal disomy, imprinting center defect, or pathogenic variant in the UBE3A gene. Characteristics are developmental delay, epilepsy, behavioral, and sleep problems. There is some evidence for hyperphagia, shorter stature, and higher BMI compared to neurotypical children, but longitudinal studies on growth are lacking. In this study, we analyzed prospectively collected data of 145 children with AS, who visited the ENCORE Expertise Center between 2010 and 2021, with a total of 853 visits. Children showed an elevated mean score of 25 on the Dykens Hyperphagia questionnaire (range 11-55) without genotype association. Higher scores were significantly associated with higher body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS) (p = 0.004). Mean height was -1.2 SDS (SD 1.3), mean BMI-SDS was 0.6 (SD 1.7); 43% had a BMI-SDS > 1 and 20% had a BMI-SDS > 2. Higher BMI-SDS was significantly associated with non-deletion genotype (p = 0.037) and walking independently (p = 0.023). Height SDS decreased significantly with age (p < 0.001) and BMI-SDS increased significantly with age (p < 0.001. Onset of puberty was normal. In conclusion, children with AS showed moderate hyperphagia, lower height SDS, and higher BMI-SDS compared to norm data, with increasing deviation from the norm with age. It is uncertain how loss of maternal UBE3A function may influence growth. Attention to diet, exercise, and hyperphagia from an early age is recommended to prevent obesity and associated health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. C. B. Bindels-de Heus
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.A.H.); (I.D.); (H.A.M.)
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-C.Y.d.W.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Doesjka A Hagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.A.H.); (I.D.); (H.A.M.)
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-C.Y.d.W.); (S.E.M.)
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilonka Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.A.H.); (I.D.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Danielle C. M. van der Kaay
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.C.M.v.d.K.); (G.F.K.)
| | - Gerthe F. Kerkhof
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.C.M.v.d.K.); (G.F.K.)
| | - ENCORE Expertise Center for AS
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-C.Y.d.W.); (S.E.M.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claire Y. de Wit
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-C.Y.d.W.); (S.E.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Pediatric Neurology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine E. Mous
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-C.Y.d.W.); (S.E.M.)
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette A. Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.A.H.); (I.D.); (H.A.M.)
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.-C.Y.d.W.); (S.E.M.)
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Marqués-Sánchez P, Martínez-Fernández MC, Benítez-Andrades JA, Quiroga-Sánchez E, García-Ordás MT, Arias-Ramos N. Adolescent relational behaviour and the obesity pandemic: A descriptive study applying social network analysis and machine learning techniques. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289553. [PMID: 37582086 PMCID: PMC10427001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the existence of subgroups by exploring the similarities between the attributes of the nodes of the groups, in relation to diet and gender and, to analyse the connectivity between groups based on aspects of similarities between them through SNA and artificial intelligence techniques. METHODS 235 students from 5 different educational centres participate in this study between March and December 2015. Data analysis carried out is divided into two blocks: social network analysis and unsupervised machine learning techniques. As for the social network analysis, the Girvan-Newman technique was applied to find the best number of cohesive groups within each of the friendship networks of the different classes analysed. RESULTS After applying Girvan-Newman in the three classes, the best division into clusters was respectively 2 for classroom A, 7 for classroom B and 6 for classroom C. There are significant differences between the groups and the gender and diet variables. After applying K-means using population diet as an input variable, a K-means clustering of 2 clusters for class A, 3 clusters for class B and 3 clusters for class C is obtained. CONCLUSION Adolescents form subgroups within their classrooms. Subgroup cohesion is defined by the fact that nodes share similarities in aspects that influence obesity, they share attributes related to food quality and gender. The concept of homophily, related to SNA, justifies our results. Artificial intelligence techniques together with the application of the Girvan-Newman provide robustness to the structural analysis of similarities and cohesion between subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Marqués-Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, SALBIS Research Group, Campus de Ponferrada, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
- Department of Electric, SALBIS Research Group, Systems and Automatics Engineering, Universidad de León, León, León, Spain
| | - Enedina Quiroga-Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, SALBIS Research Group, Campus de Ponferrada, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Ordás
- SECOMUCI Research Group, Escuela de Ingenierías Industrial e Informática, Universidad de León, León, León, Spain
| | - Natalia Arias-Ramos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, SALBIS Research Group, Campus de Ponferrada, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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