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Takahashi N, Kimura AP, Yoshizaki T, Ohmura K. Imeglimin modulates mitochondria biology and facilitates mitokine secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Life Sci 2024; 349:122735. [PMID: 38768776 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Imeglimin, a novel antidiabetic drug, has recently been reported to affect pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in systemic metabolism. However, its effect on adipocytes remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated the effects of imeglimin on adipocytes, particularly in the mitochondria. MAIN METHODS The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with imeglimin. Mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity and NAD+, NADH, and AMP levels were measured. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting, mitochondrial DNA and mRNA expression levels were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and secreted adipocytokine and mitokine levels were determined using adipokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS Imeglimin inhibited complex I activity, decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio, and increased AMP levels, which were associated with the enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In addition, imeglimin increased the mitochondrial DNA content and levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α mRNA, which were abolished by Ly294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, imeglimin facilitated the expression levels of markers of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and the gene expression and secretion of two mitokines, fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15. The production of both mitokines was transcriptionally regulated and abolished by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE Imeglimin modulates mitochondrial biology in adipocytes and may exert a mitohormetic effect through mitokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Takahashi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0023, Japan.
| | - Atsushi P Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshizaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohmura
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0023, Japan
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2
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Teramoto K, Nochioka K, Sakata Y, Kato ET, Nishimura K, Shimokawa H, Yasuda S. Growth differentiation factor-15 and metabolic features in chronic heart failure: Insights from the SUPPORT Trial -GDF15 across the BMI spectrum. Int J Cardiol 2024; 407:132093. [PMID: 38663803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GDF15 plays pivotal metabolic roles in nutritional stress and serves as a physiological regulator of energy balance. However, the patterns of GDF15 levels in underweight or obese patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are not well-understood. METHODS We assessed serum GDF15 levels at baseline and 3 years and the temporal changes in 940 Japanese patients (642 paired samples), as a sub-analysis of the SUPPORT trial (age 65.9 ± 10.1 years). The GDF15 levels were analyzed across BMI groups (underweight [<18.5 kg/m2; n = 50], healthy weight [18.5-22.9; n = 27 5], overweight [23-24.9; n = 234], and obese [≥25; n = 381]), following WHO recommendations for the Asian-Pacific population. Landmark analysis at 3 years assessed the association between GDF15 levels and HF hospitalization or all-cause death. RESULTS Compared to the healthy weight group, the underweight group included more females (54.0%) with advanced HF (NYHA class III; 20.0%) and exhibited increased GDF15 level (1764 pg/mL [IQR 1067-2633]). Obese patients, younger (64.2 years) and diabetic (53%), had a similar GDF15 level to the healthy weight group. A higher baseline GDF15 level was associated with worse outcomes across the BMI spectrum. GDF15 increased by 208 [21-596] pg/mL over 3 years, with the most substantial increase observed in the underweight group (by +28.9% [6.2-81.0]). Persistently high GDF15 levels (≥1800 pg/mL) was independently associated with worse outcomes after 3 years (adjusted HR 1.8 [95%CI 1.1-2.9]). CONCLUSIONS In underweight patients with CHF, GDF15 level was elevated at baseline and experienced the most significant increase over 3 years. Its consistent elevation suggested a worse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Teramoto
- Department of Biostatistics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Toda Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Narita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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3
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Dong T, Zhu W, Yang Z, Matos Pires NM, Lin Q, Jing W, Zhao L, Wei X, Jiang Z. Advances in heart failure monitoring: Biosensors targeting molecular markers in peripheral bio-fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116090. [PMID: 38569250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially chronic heart failure, threaten many patients' lives worldwide. Because of its slow course and complex causes, its clinical screening, diagnosis, and prognosis are essential challenges. Clinical biomarkers and biosensor technologies can rapidly screen and diagnose. Multiple types of biomarkers are employed for screening purposes, precise diagnosis, and treatment follow-up. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the biomarkers associated with the six main heart failure etiology pathways. Plasma natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponins (cTnT, cTnl) are still analyzed as gold-standard markers for heart failure. Other complementary biomarkers include growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), circulating Galactose Lectin 3 (Gal-3), soluble interleukin (sST2), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). For these biomarkers, the electrochemical biosensors have exhibited sufficient sensitivity, detection limit, and specificity. This review systematically summarizes the latest molecular biomarkers and sensors for heart failure, which will provide comprehensive and cutting-edge authoritative scientific information for biomedical and electronic-sensing researchers in the field of heart failure, as well as patients. In addition, our proposed future outlook may provide new research ideas for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Mechanical Engincering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China; X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Department of Microsystems- IMS, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway-USN, P.O. Box 235, Kongsberg, 3603, Norway
| | - Wangang Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Mechanical Engincering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China; X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Mechanical Engincering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Nuno Miguel Matos Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Mechanical Engincering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Faculty of Instrumentation Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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4
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Tang Y, Yao T, Tian X, Xia X, Huang X, Qin Z, Shen Z, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Diao B, Ping Y, Zheng X, Xu Y, Chen H, Qian T, Ma T, Zhou B, Xu S, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Shao M, Chen W, Shan B, Wu Y. Hepatic IRE1α-XBP1 signaling promotes GDF15-mediated anorexia and body weight loss in chemotherapy. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231395. [PMID: 38695876 PMCID: PMC11070642 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy drugs can lead to the development of anorexia, a detrimental effect on the overall health of cancer patients. However, managing chemotherapy-induced anorexia and subsequent weight loss remains challenging due to limited effective therapeutic strategies. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently gained significant attention in the context of chemotherapy-induced anorexia. Here, we report that hepatic GDF15 plays a crucial role in regulating body weight in response to chemo drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin. Cisplatin and doxorubicin treatments induce hepatic Gdf15 expression and elevate circulating GDF15 levels, leading to hunger suppression and subsequent weight loss. Mechanistically, selective activation by chemotherapy of hepatic IRE1α-XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) upregulates Gdf15 expression. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of IRE1α is sufficient to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced anorexia and body weight loss. These results identify hepatic IRE1α as a molecular driver of GDF15-mediated anorexia and suggest that blocking IRE1α RNase activity offers a therapeutic strategy to alleviate the adverse anorexia effects in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiao Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xintong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxiao Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhewen Qin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Shen
- Department of Coloproctology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bowen Diao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ping
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghao Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ben Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qimin Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengle Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Shan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Enríquez-Schmidt J, Mautner Molina C, Kalazich Rosales M, Muñoz M, Ruiz-Uribe M, Fuentes Leal F, Monrroy Uarac M, Cárcamo Ibaceta C, Fazakerley DJ, Larance M, Ehrenfeld P, Martínez-Huenchullán S. Moderate-intensity constant or high-intensity interval training? Metabolic effects on candidates to undergo bariatric surgery. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1681-1691. [PMID: 38553359 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bariatric surgery is highly effective against obesity. Pre-surgical exercise programs are recommended to prepare the candidate physically and metabolically for surgery-related rapid weight loss. However, the ideal exercise prescription in this population is unknown. This study aimed to compare the metabolic effects of moderate-intensity constant (MICT) vs. a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program in candidates to undergo bariatric surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five candidates (22 women) to undergo sleeve gastrectomy aged from 18 to 60 years old were recruited. At baseline, we measured body composition, physical activity levels, grip strength, and aerobic capacity. Further, we assessed metabolic function through glycemia and insulinemia (both fasting and after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), transaminases, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), apelin, and adiponectin. Afterward, participants were randomized into MICT (n = 14) or HIIT (n = 11). Both training programs consisted of 10 sessions (2-3 times/week, 30 min per session) distributed during 4 weeks before the surgery. After this, all outcomes were measured again at the end of the training programs and 1 month after the surgery (follow-up). A mixed effect with Tukey's post-hoc analysis was performed to compare values at baseline vs. post-training vs. postsurgical follow-up. Both training programs increased aerobic capacity after training (p < 0.05), but only after MICT these changes were kept at follow-up (p < 0.05). However, only MICT decreased fat mass and increased total muscle mass and physical activity levels (p < 0.05). Metabolically, MICT decreased insulinemia after OGTT (p < 0.05), whereas HIIT increased adiponectin after training and GDF15 at follow-up (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both MICT and HIIT conferred benefits in candidates to undergo bariatric surgery, however, several of those effects were program-specific, suggesting that exercise intensity should be considered when preparing these patients. Future studies should explore the potential benefits of prescribing MICT or HIIT in a customized fashion depending on a pretraining screening, along with possible summatory effects by combining these two exercise programs (MICT + HIIT). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry, N° ISRCTN42273422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Enríquez-Schmidt
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Camila Mautner Molina
- Clínica Alemana de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; School of Physical Therapy, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | | | | | - Matias Ruiz-Uribe
- Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Function Laboratory - Neyün, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | | | - Manuel Monrroy Uarac
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Cárcamo Ibaceta
- Clínica Alemana de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Surgery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB5, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Sergio Martínez-Huenchullán
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; School of Physical Therapy, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Function Laboratory - Neyün, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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6
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Yau K, Kuah R, Cherney DZI, Lam TKT. Obesity and the kidney: mechanistic links and therapeutic advances. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:321-335. [PMID: 38351406 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with the development of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there is evidence for a bidirectional relationship wherein the kidney also acts as a key regulator of body weight. In this Review, we highlight the mechanisms implicated in obesity-related CKD, and outline how the kidney might modulate feeding and body weight through a growth differentiation factor 15-dependent kidney-brain axis. The favourable effects of bariatric surgery on kidney function are discussed, and medical therapies designed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus that lower body weight and preserve kidney function independent of glycaemic lowering, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, incretin-based therapies and metformin, are also reviewed. In summary, we propose that kidney function and body weight are related in a bidirectional fashion, and that this interrelationship affects human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Kuah
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Li J, Hu X, Xie Z, Li J, Huang C, Huang Y. Overview of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116809. [PMID: 38810400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
GDF15 is a stress response cytokine and a distant member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, its levels increase in response to cell stress and certain diseases in the serum. To exert its effects, GDF15 binds to glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL), which was firstly identified in 2017 and highly expressed in the brain stem. Many studies have demonstrated that elevated serum GDF15 is associated with anorexia and weight loss. Herein, we focus on the biology of GDF15, specifically how this circulating protein regulates appetite and metabolism in influencing energy homeostasis through its actions on hindbrain neurons to shed light on its impact on diseases such as obesity and anorexia/cachexia syndromes. It works as an endocrine factor and transmits metabolic signals leading to weight reduction effects by directly reducing appetite and indirectly affecting food intake through complex mechanisms, which could be a promising target for the treatment of energy-intake disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichuan Xie
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Suomalainen A, Nunnari J. Mitochondria at the crossroads of health and disease. Cell 2024; 187:2601-2627. [PMID: 38788685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria reside at the crossroads of catabolic and anabolic metabolism-the essence of life. How their structure and function are dynamically tuned in response to tissue-specific needs for energy, growth repair, and renewal is being increasingly understood. Mitochondria respond to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses and can alter cell and organismal function by inducing metabolic signaling within cells and to distal cells and tissues. Here, we review how the centrality of mitochondrial functions manifests in health and a broad spectrum of diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Suomalainen
- University of Helsinki, Stem Cells and Metabolism Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jodi Nunnari
- Altos Labs, Bay Area Institute, Redwood Shores, CA, USA.
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9
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Murthy VL, Mosley JD, Perry AS, Jacobs DR, Tanriverdi K, Zhao S, Sawicki KT, Carnethon M, Wilkins JT, Nayor M, Das S, Abel ED, Freedman JE, Clish CB, Shah RV. Metabolic liability for weight gain in early adulthood. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101548. [PMID: 38703763 PMCID: PMC11148768 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
While weight gain is associated with a host of chronic illnesses, efforts in obesity have relied on single "snapshots" of body mass index (BMI) to guide genetic and molecular discovery. Here, we study >2,000 young adults with metabolomics and proteomics to identify a metabolic liability to weight gain in early adulthood. Using longitudinal regression and penalized regression, we identify a metabolic signature for weight liability, associated with a 2.6% (2.0%-3.2%, p = 7.5 × 10-19) gain in BMI over ≈20 years per SD higher score, after comprehensive adjustment. Identified molecules specified mechanisms of weight gain, including hunger and appetite regulation, energy expenditure, gut microbial metabolism, and host interaction with external exposure. Integration of longitudinal and concurrent measures in regression with Mendelian randomization highlights the complexity of metabolic regulation of weight gain, suggesting caution in interpretation of epidemiologic or genetic effect estimates traditionally used in metabolic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh L Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Mosley
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew S Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Nayor
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane E Freedman
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ravi V Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Iida K, Okada M. Identifying Key Regulatory Genes in Drug Resistance Acquisition: Modeling Pseudotime Trajectories of Breast Cancer Single-Cell Transcriptome. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1884. [PMID: 38791962 PMCID: PMC11119661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has provided significant insights into cancer drug resistance at the single-cell level. However, understanding dynamic cell transitions at the molecular systems level remains limited, requiring a systems biology approach. We present an approach that combines mathematical modeling with a pseudotime analysis using time-series scRNA-seq data obtained from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 treated with tamoxifen. Our single-cell analysis identified five distinct subpopulations, including tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant groups. Using a single-gene mathematical model, we discovered approximately 560-680 genes out of 6000 exhibiting multistable expression states in each subpopulation, including key estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cell survival genes, such as RPS6KB1. A bifurcation analysis elucidated their regulatory mechanisms, and we mapped these genes into a molecular network associated with cell survival and metastasis-related pathways. Our modeling approach comprehensively identifies key regulatory genes for drug resistance acquisition, enhancing our understanding of potential drug targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Iida
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
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11
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Chiariello A, Conte G, Rossetti L, Trofarello L, Salvioli S, Conte M. Different roles of circulating and intramuscular GDF15 as markers of skeletal muscle health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1404047. [PMID: 38808117 PMCID: PMC11130406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1404047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitokine expressed in response to various stresses whose circulating levels increase with age and are associated with numerous pathological conditions, including muscle wasting and sarcopenia. However, the use of circulating GDF15 (c-GDF15) as a biomarker of sarcopenia is still debated. Moreover, the role of GDF15 intracellular precursor, pro-GDF15, in human skeletal muscle (SM-GDF15) is not totally understood. In order to clarify these points, the association of both forms of GDF15 with parameters of muscle strength, body composition, metabolism and inflammation was investigated. Methods the levels of c-GDF15 and SM-GDF15 were evaluated in plasma and muscle biopsies, respectively, of healthy subjects (HS) and patients with lower limb mobility impairment (LLMI), either young (<40 years-old) or old (>70 years-old). Other parameters included in the analysis were Isometric Quadriceps Strength (IQS), BMI, lean and fat mass percentage, Vastus lateralis thickness, as well as circulating levels of Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, IGF-1, Insulin, IL6, IL15 and c-PLIN2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) and Receiving Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis were performed. Results c-GDF15 but not SM-GDF15 levels resulted associated with decreased IQS and IGF-1 levels in both HS and LLMI, while only in LLMI associated with increased levels of Resistin. Moreover, in LLMI both c-GDF15 and SM-GDF15 levels were associated with IL-6 levels, but interestingly SM-GDF15 is lower in LLMI with respect to HS. Furthermore, a discrimination of the four groups of subjects based on these parameters was possible with PCA and CDA. In particular HS, LLMI over 70 years or under 40 years of age were discriminated based on SM-GDF15, c-GDF15 and Insulin levels, respectively. Conclusion our data support the idea that c-GDF15 level could be used as a biomarker of decreased muscle mass and strength. Moreover, it is suggested that c-GDF15 has a different diagnostic significance with respect to SM-GDF15, which is likely linked to a healthy and active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Trofarello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Sarad K, Jankowska U, Skupien-Rabian B, Babler A, Kramann R, Dulak J, Jaźwa-Kusior A. Senescence of endothelial cells promotes phenotypic changes in adventitial fibroblasts: possible implications for vascular aging. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05028-7. [PMID: 38743322 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Aging is the most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Senescent cells release plethora of factors commonly known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which can modulate the normal function of the vascular wall. It is currently not well understood if and how endothelial cell senescence can affect adventitial niche. The aim of this study was to characterize oxidative stress-induced endothelial cells senescence and identify their paracrine effects on the primary cell type of the adventitia, the fibroblasts. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were treated with hydrogen peroxide to induce premature senescence. Mass spectrometry analysis identified several proteomic changes in senescent HAEC with top upregulated secretory protein growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). Treatment of the human adventitial fibroblast cell line (hAdv cells) with conditioned medium (CM) from senescent HAEC resulted in alterations in the proteome of hAdv cells identified in mass spectrometry analysis. Majority of differentially expressed proteins in hAdv cells treated with CM from senescent HAEC were involved in the uptake and metabolism of lipoproteins, mitophagy and ferroptosis. We next analyzed if some of these changes and pathways might be regulated by GDF-15. We found that recombinant GDF-15 affected some ferroptosis-related factors (e.g. ferritin) and decreased oxidative stress in the analyzed adventitial fibroblast cell line, but it had no effect on erastin-induced cell death. Contrary, silencing of GDF-15 in hAdv cells was protective against this ferroptotic stimuli. Our findings can be of importance for potential therapeutic strategies targeting cell senescence or ferroptosis to alleviate vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sarad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bozena Skupien-Rabian
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anne Babler
- Department for Renal and Hypertensive Diseases, Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department for Renal and Hypertensive Diseases, Rheumatological and Immunological Diseases, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jaźwa-Kusior
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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13
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Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Analysis of the Associations of Measurements of Body Composition and Inflammatory Factors with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities in a Community-Based Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1066. [PMID: 38791028 PMCID: PMC11117926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The associations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with comorbidities and biochemical and body composition measurements are repeatedly described but have not been studied simultaneously. In the present cross-sectional study, information on CVD and comorbidities [type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia (HDL)], body composition, levels of soluble markers, and other measures were collected from 1079 individuals. When we examined the association of each comorbidity and CVD, controlling for other comorbidities, we observed a clear pattern of the comorbidity-related specific associations with tested covariates. For example, T2DM was significantly associated with GDF-15 levels and the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio independently of two other comorbidities; HTN, similarly, was independently associated with extracellular water (ECW) levels, L/A ratio, and age; and HDL was independently related to age only. CVD showed very strong independent associations with each of the comorbidities, being associated most strongly with HTN (OR = 10.89, 6.46-18.38) but also with HDL (2.49, 1.43-4.33) and T2DM (1.93, 1.12-3.33). An additive Bayesian network analysis suggests that all three comorbidities, particularly HTN, GDF-15 levels, and ECW content, likely have a main role in the risk of CVD development. Other factors, L/A ratio, lymphocyte count, and the systemic inflammation response index, are likely indirectly related to CVD, acting through the comorbidities and ECW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
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14
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Lu S, Li R, Deng Y, Bai J, Ji B, Chu Y, Xu Y, Qu H, Guo X, Li P, Meng M. GDF15 ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury via AMPK-mediated inhibition of glycolysis in alveolar macrophage. Respir Res 2024; 25:201. [PMID: 38725041 PMCID: PMC11084091 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a stress response cytokine is involved in the development and progression of several diseases associated with metabolic disorders. However, the regulatory role and the underlying mechanisms of GDF15 in sepsis remain poorly defined. Our study analyzed the levels of GDF15 and its correlations with the clinical prognosis of patients with sepsis. In vivo and in vitro models of sepsis were applied to elucidate the role and mechanisms of GDF15 in sepsis-associated lung injury. We observed strong correlations of plasma GDF15 levels with the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate as well as Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores in patients with sepsis. In the mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis, recombinant GDF15 inhibited the proinflammatory responses and alleviated lung tissue injury. In addition, GDF15 decreased the levels of cytokines produced by alveolar macrophages (AMs). The anti-inflammatory effect of glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG on AMs during sepsis was mediated by GDF15 via inducing the phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Furthermore, we explored the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of GDF15 and found that GDF15 inhibited glycolysis and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via promoting AMPK phosphorylation. This study demonstrated that GDF15 inhibited glycolysis and NF-κB/MAPKs signaling via activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby alleviating the inflammatory responses of AMs and sepsis-associated lung injury. Our findings provided new insights into novel therapeutic strategies for treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Road (No.2), Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- The first rehabilitation hospital of Shandong, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, P.R. China
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Road (No.2), Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Yunxin Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Road (No.2), Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ju Bai
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bangqi Ji
- Shandong Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, 250109, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Chu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Road (No.2), Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Road (No.2), Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, P.R. China.
| | - Pibao Li
- The first rehabilitation hospital of Shandong, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, P.R. China.
| | - Mei Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Road (No.2), Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
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15
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Beydoun MA, Noren Hooten N, Fanelli-Kuczmaski MT, Maino Vieytes CA, Georgescu MF, Beydoun HA, Freeman DW, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Diet Quality Trajectory Interact to Determine Frailty Incidence among Middle-Aged Urban Adults. J Nutr 2024; 154:1652-1664. [PMID: 38479650 PMCID: PMC11130674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and poor diet quality may be associated with increased frailty incidence, although their interactive associations have not been assessed in urban middle-aged adults. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine GDF15 and its interactive association with diet quality in relation to frailty incidence among a sample of middle-aged urban adults. METHODS The relationship between GDF15 and diet quality trajectories in relation to incident frailty was examined in a longitudinal study of participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (2004-2017). Serum GDF15 concentration and frailty incidence were primary exposure and outcome, respectively. Group-based trajectory models were used to assess diet quality trajectories (≤3 visits/participant, N = 945, N' = 2247 observations) using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 version (HEI-2010), Dietary Inflammatory Index, and mean adequacy ratio (MAR). Cox proportional hazards models were used, testing interactive associations of GDF15 and diet quality trajectories with frail/prefrail incidence (N = 400 frailty-free at first visit, N' = 604 observations, n = 168 incident frail/prefrail). RESULTS Both elevated GDF15 and lower diet quality trajectories were associated with a lower probability of remaining nonfrail (≤13 y follow-up). Among females, the "high diet quality" HEI-2010 trajectory had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 0.54; P = 0.004; fully adjusted model] when compared with the "low diet quality" trajectory group. Among males only, there was an antagonistic interaction between lower HEI-2010 trajectory and elevated GDF15. Specifically, the HR for GDF15-frailty in the higher diet quality trajectory group (high/medium combined), and among males, was 2.69 (95% CI: 1.06, 6.62; P = 0.032), whereas among the lower diet quality trajectory group, the HR was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.49, 1.80; P = 0.86). Elevated GDF15 was independently associated with frailty among African American adults. CONCLUSIONS Pending replication, we found an antagonistic interaction between GDF15 and HEI-2010 trajectory in relation to frailty incidence among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Michael F Georgescu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David W Freeman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Shi JX, Yang L, Gan J, Gu WW, Gu Y, Shi Y, Jiang HY, Xu HR, Yang SH, Zhang X, Wang J. MiR-3074-5p Regulates Trophoblasts Function via EIF2S1/GDF15 Pathway in Recurrent Miscarriage. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1290-1302. [PMID: 38151653 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) might cause early pregnancy failure by interfering with embryo implantation and/or placentation. We previously reported that the villus miR-3074-5p expression level was increased, whereas the peripheral level of GDF15, a predict target gene of miR-3074-5p, was decreased in recurrent miscarriages (RM) patients, and miR-3074-5p could enhance apoptosis but reduce invasion of human extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs). The aim of this study was to further explore roles of miR-3074-5p/GDF15 pathway in regulation of EVTs function. It was validated that GDF15 was not the direct target of miR-3074-5p, whereas EIF2S1, an upstream regulator of GDF15 maturation and secretion, was the direct target of miR-3074-5p. The villus expression levels of GDF15 and EIF2S1 were significantly decreased in RM patients. Knockdown of GDF15 expression presented inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration, and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells. Up-regulated miR-3074-5p expression led to the significant decreased GDF15 expression in HTR8/SVneo cells, and this effect could be efficiently reversed by the overexpression of EIF2S1. Meanwhile, the suppressive effects of miR-3074-5p on proliferation, migration, and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells could be intercepted by the treatment of recombinant human GDF15 protein. Collectively, these data suggested that miR-3074-5p could reduce GDF15 production via targeting inhibition of EIF2S1 expression, and the deficiency in GDF15 function might lead to the early pregnancy loss by attenuating proliferation and invasion of EVTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Shi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Long Yang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Gan
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wen-Wen Gu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yan Gu
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Han-Yu Jiang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao-Ran Xu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shu-Han Yang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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17
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Chiariello A, Rossetti L, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Sollazzo M, Iommarini L, Porcelli AM, Tognocchi M, Conte G, Santoro A, Kwiatkowska KM, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Conte M. Downregulation of PLIN2 in human dermal fibroblasts impairs mitochondrial function in an age-dependent fashion and induces cell senescence via GDF15. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14111. [PMID: 38650174 PMCID: PMC11113257 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a lipid droplet (LD)-coating protein playing important roles in lipid homeostasis and suppression of lipotoxicity in different tissues and cell types. Recently, a role for PLIN2 in supporting mitochondrial function has emerged. PLIN2 dysregulation is involved in many metabolic disorders and age-related diseases. However, the exact consequences of PLIN2 dysregulation are not yet completely understood. In this study, we knocked down (KD) PLIN2 in primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) from young (mean age 29 years) and old (mean age 71 years) healthy donors. We have found that PLIN2 KD caused a decline of mitochondrial function only in hDFs from young donors, while mitochondria of hDFs from old donors (that are already partially impaired) did not significantly worsen upon PLIN2 KD. This mitochondrial impairment is associated with the increased expression of the stress-related mitokine growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and the induction of cell senescence. Interestingly, the simultaneous KD of PLIN2 and GDF15 abrogated the induction of cell senescence, suggesting that the increase in GDF15 is the mediator of this phenomenon. Moreover, GDF15 KD caused a profound alteration of gene expression, as observed by RNA-Seq analysis. After a more stringent analysis, this alteration remained statistically significant only in hDFs from young subjects, further supporting the idea that cells from old and young donors react differently when undergoing manipulation of either PLIN2 or GDF15 genes, with the latter being likely a downstream mediator of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Monica Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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18
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Melini S, Lama A, Comella F, Opallo N, Del Piano F, Annunziata C, Mollica MP, Ferrante MC, Pirozzi C, Mattace Raso G, Meli R. Targeting liver and adipose tissue in obese mice: Effects of a N-acylethanolamine mixture on insulin resistance and adipocyte reprogramming. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116531. [PMID: 38574624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous lipid-signalling molecules involved in inflammation and energy metabolism. The potential pharmacological effect of NAE association in managing inflammation-based metabolic disorders is unexplored. To date, targeting liver-adipose axis can be considered a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and related dysfunctions. Here, we investigated the metabolic effect of OLALIAMID® (OLA), an olive oil-derived NAE mixture, in limiting liver and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. OLA reduced body weight and fat mass in obese mice, decreasing insulin resistance (IR), as shown by homeostasis model assessment index, and leptin/adiponectin ratio, a marker of adipocyte dysfunction. OLA improved serum lipid and hepatic profile and the immune/inflammatory pattern of metainflammation. In liver of HFD mice, OLA treatment counteracted glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, restoring insulin signalling (phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK), and reducing mRNAs of key markers of fatty acid accumulation. Furthermore, OLA positively affected AT function deeply altered by HFD by reprogramming of genes involved in thermogenesis of interscapular brown AT (iBAT) and subcutaneous white AT (scWAT), and inducing the beigeing of scWAT. Notably, the NAE mixture reduced inflammation in iBAT and promoted M1-to-M2 macrophage shift in scWAT of obese mice. The tissue and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of OLA and the increased expression of glucose transporter 4 in scWAT contributed to the improvement of gluco-lipid toxicity and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that this olive oil-derived NAE mixture is a valid nutritional strategy to counteract IR and obesity acting on liver-AT crosstalk, restoring both hepatic and AT function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Melini
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - N Opallo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - C Annunziata
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Neo Building, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - M P Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - C Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - G Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - R Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
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19
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Berezin AE, Berezina TA, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AA. Methods to predict heart failure in diabetes patients. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:241-256. [PMID: 38622891 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2342812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease and powerful predictor for new-onset heart failure (HF). AREAS COVERED We focus on the relevant literature covering evidence of risk stratification based on imaging predictors and circulating biomarkers to optimize approaches to preventing HF in DM patients. EXPERT OPINION Multiple diagnostic algorithms based on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling including global longitudinal strain/strain rate are likely to be promising approach to justify individuals at higher risk of incident HF. Signature of cardiometabolic status may justify HF risk among T2DM individuals with low levels of natriuretic peptides, which preserve their significance in HF with clinical presentation. However, diagnostic and predictive values of conventional guideline-directed biomarker HF strategy may be non-optimal in patients with obesity and T2DM. Alternative biomarkers affecting cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, myopathy, and adipose tissue dysfunction are plausible tools for improving accuracy natriuretic peptides among T2DM patients at higher HF risk. In summary, risk identification and management of the patients with T2DM with established HF require conventional biomarkers monitoring, while the role of alternative biomarker approach among patients with multiple CV and metabolic risk factors appears to be plausible tool for improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tetiana A Berezina
- VitaCenter, Department of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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20
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Li K, Liu P, Ye J, Liu M, Zhu L. Causal association of metformin treatment with diverse cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7668-7682. [PMID: 38683129 PMCID: PMC11132001 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular effects of metformin continue to be a subject of debate within the medical community. METHODS The Mendelian randomization (MR) study used data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore the causal association with six diseases that are associated with bimatoprost treatment and myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease. Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that are associated with metformin use were selected as the instrumental variables. To determine the causal relationship between metformin use and various cardiovascular diseases, MR analysis was conducted, employing methods such as Instrumental Variable Weighting (IVW). RESULTS The IVW analysis demonstrated a positive association between metformin treatment and the risk of myocardial infarction (OR = 22.67, 95% CI 3.22-34.01; P = 0.002). Conversely, metformin treatment exhibited a negative association with the risk of developing valvular disease (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.00; P = 0.046) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OR = 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.22; P = 0.016). Multiple test correction found that metformin treatment was causally associated with the risk of both hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (PFDR = 0.048) and myocardial infarction (PFDR = 0.012). The analysis revealed limited heterogeneity in the individual results, absence of pleiotropy evidence, and indications of stability in the findings. CONCLUSION The MR study discovered from a genetic standpoint that metformin may lower the risk of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and valvular heart disease, yet it could elevate the risk of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Li
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
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21
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Crespi BJ. Nausea, vomiting and conflict in pregnancy: The adaptive significance of Growth-Differentiation Factor 15. Evol Med Public Health 2024; 12:75-81. [PMID: 38711789 PMCID: PMC11071683 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is heritable, common and aversive, and its extreme, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), can be highly deleterious to the mother and fetus. Recent influential studies have demonstrated that HG is caused predominantly by high levels of Growth-Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), a hormone produced by the placenta in substantial amounts. This work has led to calls for therapeutic modulation of this hormone to reduce GDF15 levels and ameliorate HG risk. I describe three main lines of evidence relevant to the hypothesis that GDF15 production is typically adaptive for the fetus, in the context of enhanced placental invasion, reduced rates of miscarriage and preterm birth and higher birth weight. These considerations highlight the medical implications of maternal-fetal conflict, in the context of tradeoffs between aversive symptoms during gestation, rare disorders of pregnancy with major adverse effects and moderate fitness-enhancing benefits to fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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22
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Firlatan B, Karakulak UN, Hekimsoy V, Iremli BG, Lay I, Yuce D, Dagdelen S, Kabakci G, Erbas T. Evaluation of the relation between subclinical systolic dysfunction defined by four-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and growth differentiation factor-15 levels in patients with acromegaly. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00558-7. [PMID: 38632216 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with acromegaly, the long-term presence of elevated GH and IGF-1 levels is associated with an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile. We aimed to assess the relationship of four-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic (4DSTE) measurements with growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels and the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (FRS) in patients with acromegaly. METHODS A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted. The study included 40 acromegaly and 32 age- and gender-matched controls. Anthropometric, biochemical, and echocardiographic assessments were performed. GDF-15 levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS In the controlled acromegaly group, global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS), area (GAS), and radial (GRS) strain measurements identified by 4DSTE were lower than those of the controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, strain parameters were lower in active acromegaly patients than in controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. The GLS was negatively correlated with age, the estimated disease duration, and FRS. Serum GDF-15 levels showed no significant difference between the acromegaly and control groups. In patients with acromegaly, serum GDF-15 levels were positively correlated with age, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, FRS, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c, but not with strain parameters. The multiple regression analysis revealed that FRS was an independent factor associated with serum GDF-15 levels in patients with acromegaly and the overall cohort (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that while LVEF was within normal limits, global strain parameters (GLS, GCS, GAS, and GRS) measured by using a novel imaging technique, 4DSTE, were lower in patients with acromegaly, suggesting the presence of subclinical systolic dysfunction in patients with acromegaly. GDF-15 can be a potential predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Firlatan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ugur Nadir Karakulak
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vedat Hekimsoy
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcin Gonul Iremli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Dagdelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giray Kabakci
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Zabransky DJ, Chhabra Y, Fane ME, Kartalia E, Leatherman JM, Hüser L, Zimmerman JW, Delitto D, Han S, Armstrong TD, Charmsaz S, Guinn S, Pramod S, Thompson ED, Hughes SJ, O'Connell J, Egan JM, Jaffee EM, Weeraratna AT. Fibroblasts in the Aged Pancreas Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1221-1236. [PMID: 38330147 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is more prevalent in older individuals and often carries a poorer prognosis for them. The relationship between the microenvironment and pancreatic cancer is multifactorial, and age-related changes in nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment may play a key role in promoting cancer aggressiveness. Because fibroblasts have profound impacts on pancreatic cancer progression, we investigated whether age-related changes in pancreatic fibroblasts influence cancer growth and metastasis. Proteomics analysis revealed that aged fibroblasts secrete different factors than young fibroblasts, including increased growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). Treating young mice with GDF-15 enhanced tumor growth, whereas aged GDF-15 knockout mice showed reduced tumor growth. GDF-15 activated AKT, rendering tumors sensitive to AKT inhibition in an aged but not young microenvironment. These data provide evidence for how aging alters pancreatic fibroblasts and promotes tumor progression, providing potential therapeutic targets and avenues for studying pancreatic cancer while accounting for the effects of aging. SIGNIFICANCE Aged pancreatic fibroblasts secrete GDF-15 and activate AKT signaling to promote pancreatic cancer growth, highlighting the critical role of aging-mediated changes in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment in driving tumor progression. See related commentary by Isaacson et al., p. 1185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Zabransky
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yash Chhabra
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mitchell E Fane
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma Kartalia
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James M Leatherman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura Hüser
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Delitto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Todd D Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samantha Guinn
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sneha Pramod
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven J Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jennifer O'Connell
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Johns Hopkins Cancer Convergence Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Rostami N, Fabre-Estremera B, Buño-Soto A, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Ortolá R. Growth differentiation factor 15 and malnutrition in older adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100230. [PMID: 38593633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels increase due to systemic inflammation and chronic disease burden. Since these biological processes are pathogenic factors of malnutrition, we examined the prospective association between GDF-15 serum levels and subsequent malnutrition in older adults. METHODS We used data from 723 women and 735 men aged ≥65 years [mean age (SD): 71.3 (4.18) years] participating in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort, who were followed-up for 2.2 years. Malnutrition was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short form (MNA-SF), where a 12-14 score indicates normal nutritional status, an 8-11 score indicates at risk of malnutrition, and a 0-7 score malnutrition. Associations of GDF-15 and malnutrition were analyzed, separately in women and men, using linear and logistic regression and adjusted for the main potential confounders. RESULTS The mean (SD) MNA-SF score at baseline was 13.2 (1.34) for women and 13.5 (1.13) for men. Incident malnutrition (combined endpoint "at risk of malnutrition or malnutrition") over 2.2 years was identified in 55 (9.7%) of women and 38 (5.4%) of men. In women, GDF-15 was linearly associated with a decrease in the MNA-SF score; mean differences (95% confidence interval) in the MNA-SF score were -0.07 (-0.13; -0.01) points per 25% increase in GDF-15, and -0.49 (-0.83; -0.16) for the highest versus lowest quartile of GDF-15. Also in women, GDF-15 was linearly associated with a higher malnutrition incidence, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.24 (1.06; 1.46) per 25% increment in GDF-15 and of 3.05 (1.21; 7.65) for the highest versus lowest quartile of GDF-15. Results were similar after excluding subjects with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. No association of GDF-15 with changes in MNA score or malnutrition incidence was found in men. CONCLUSION Higher serum GDF-15 concentrations are associated with worsening nutritional status in older women. Further studies should elucidate the reasons for the sex differences in this association and explore the therapeutic potential of modifying GDF-15 to prevent malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Rostami
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Fabre-Estremera
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Dai C, Zhang H, Zheng Z, Li CG, Ma M, Gao H, Zhang Q, Jiang F, Cui X. Identification of a distinct cluster of GDF15 high macrophages induced by in vitro differentiation exhibiting anti-inflammatory activities. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1309739. [PMID: 38655264 PMCID: PMC11036887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1309739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophage-mediated inflammatory response may have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, with potential anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies observed in human lungs some macrophages which expressed a high level of GDF15. Methods In the present study, we employed multiple techniques, including immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing, in order to further clarify the identity of such GDF15high macrophages. Results We demonstrated that macrophages derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and rat bone marrow mononuclear cells by in vitro differentiation with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor contained a minor population (~1%) of GDF15high cells. GDF15high macrophages did not exhibit a typical M1 or M2 phenotype, but had a unique molecular signature as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Functionally, the in vitro derived GDF15high macrophages were associated with reduced responsiveness to pro-inflammatory activation; furthermore, these GDF15high macrophages could inhibit the pro-inflammatory functions of other macrophages via a paracrine mechanism. We further confirmed that GDF15 per se was a key mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects of GDF15high macrophage. Also, we provided evidence showing that GDF15high macrophages were present in other macrophage-residing human tissues in addition to the lungs. Further scRNA-seq analysis in rat lung macrophages confirmed the presence of a GDF15high sub-population. However, these data indicated that GDF15high macrophages in the body were not a uniform population based on their molecular signatures. More importantly, as compared to the in vitro derived GDF15high macrophage, whether the tissue resident GDF15high counterpart is also associated with anti-inflammatory functions remains to be determined. We cannot exclude the possibility that the in vitro priming/induction protocol used in our study has a determinant role in inducing the anti-inflammatory phenotype in the resulting GDF15high macrophage cells. Conclusion In summary, our results suggest that the GDF15high macrophage cells obtained by in vitro induction may represent a distinct cluster with intrinsic anti-inflammatory functions. The (patho)physiological importance of these cells in vivo warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research (Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese National Health Commission), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research (Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese National Health Commission), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaopei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhao Q, Liu J, Chen L, Gao Z, Lin M, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Chen Y, Huang X. Phytomedicine Fructus Aurantii-derived two absorbed compounds unlock antidepressant and prokinetic multi-functions via modulating 5-HT 3/GHSR. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117703. [PMID: 38185260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Aurantii (FA), a well-known phytomedicine, has been employed to evoke antidepressant and prokinetic multi-functions. Therein, systematically identifying bioactive components and the referred mechanism is essential for FA. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was planned to answer "2 W" (What and Why), such as which components and pathways contribute to FA's multi-functions. We aimed to identify bioactive compounds as the key for opening the lock of FA's multi-functions, and the molecule mechanisms are their naturally matched lock cylinder. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical content of FA extract was determined, and the compounds were identified in rats pretreated with FA using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The contribution strategy was used to assess bioactive compounds' efficacy (doses = their content in FA) in model rats with the mechanism. The changes in functional brain regions were determined via 7.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging-blood oxygen level-dependent (fMRI-BOLD). RESULT Eight phytochemicals' content was detected, and merely six components were identified in rats in vivo. Meranzin hydrate + hesperidin (MH), as the primary contributor of FA, exerted antidepressant and prokinetic effects (improvement of indexes for immobility time, gastric emptying, intestinal transit, CRH, ghrelin, ACTH, DA, NA, 5-HT, CORT, and 5-HT3) by regulating 5-HT3/Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) pathway. These results were validated by 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, and GHSR receptor antagonists combined with molecule docking. MH restored the excessive BOLD activation of the left accumbens nucleus, left corpus callosum and hypothalamus preoptic region. CONCLUSION Absorbed MH accounts for FA's anti-depressant and prokinetic efficacy in acutely-stressed rats, primarily via 5-HT3/GHSR shared regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulong Zhao
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Medical College, Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Muhai Lin
- Medical College, Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Medical College, Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhe Xiao
- Medical College, Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Medical College, Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Medical College, Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Maddala R, Eldawy C, Ho LTY, Challa P, Rao PV. Influence of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 on Intraocular Pressure in Mice. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102025. [PMID: 38290601 PMCID: PMC11031300 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress-sensitive cytokine, and a distant member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, has been shown to exhibit increased levels with aging, and in various age-related pathologies. Although GDF15 levels are elevated in the aqueous humor (AH) of glaucoma (optic nerve atrophy) patients, the possible role of this cytokine in the modulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) or AH outflow is unknown. The current study addresses this question using transgenic mice expressing human GDF15 and GDF15 null mice, and by perfusing enucleated mouse eyes with recombinant human GDF15 (rhGDF15). Treatment of primary cultures of human trabecular meshwork cells with a telomerase inhibitor, an endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing agent, hydrogen peroxide, or an autophagy inhibitor resulted in significant elevation in GDF15 levels relative to the respective control cells. rhGDF15 stimulated modest but significant increases in the expression of genes encoding the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion proteins, and chemokine receptors (C-C chemokine receptor type 2) in human trabecular meshwork cells compared with controls, as deduced from the differential transcriptional profiles using RNA-sequencing analysis. There was a significant increase in IOP in transgenic mice expressing human GDF15, but not in GDF15 null mice, compared with the respective wild-type control mice. The AH outflow facility was decreased in enucleated wild-type mouse eyes perfused with rhGDF15. Light microcopy-based histologic examination of the conventional AH outflow pathway tissues did not reveal identifiable differences between the GDF15-targeted and control mice. Taken together, these results reveal the modest elevation of IOP in mice expressing human GDF15 possibly stemming from decreased AH outflow through the trabecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupalatha Maddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Camelia Eldawy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Leona T Y Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pratap Challa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ponugoti V Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
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Asthana P, Wong HLX. Preventing obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes by targeting MT1-MMP. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167081. [PMID: 38367902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the predominant risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Despite all the modern advances in medicine, an effective drug treatment for obesity without overt side effects has not yet been found. The discovery of growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), an appetite-regulating hormone, created hopes for the treatment of obesity. However, an insufficient understanding of the physiological regulation of GDF15 has been a major obstacle to mitigating GDF15-centric treatment of obesity. Our recent studies revealed how a series of proteolytic events predominantly mediated by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14), a key cell-surface metalloproteinase involved in extracellular remodeling, contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. The MT1-MMP-mediated cleavage of the GDNF family receptor-α-like (GFRAL), a key neuronal receptor of GDF15, controls the satiety center in the hindbrain, thereby regulating non-homeostatic appetite and bodyweight changes. Furthermore, increased activation of MT1-MMP does not only lead to increased risk of obesity, but also causes age-associated insulin resistance by cleaving Insulin Receptor in major metabolic tissues. Importantly, inhibition of MT1-MMP effectively protects against obesity and diabetes, revealing the therapeutic potential of targeting MT1-MMP for the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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Zhang Z, Yang Z, Wang S, Wang X, Mao J. Targeting MAPK-ERK/JNK pathway: A potential intervention mechanism of myocardial fibrosis in heart failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116413. [PMID: 38461687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a significant pathological basis of heart failure. Overactivation of the ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways of MAPK family members synergistically promotes the proliferation of myocardial fibroblasts and accelerates the development of myocardial fibrosis. In addition to some small molecule inhibitors and Western drugs, many Chinese medicines can also inhibit the activity of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, thus slowing down the development of myocardial fibrosis, and are generally safe and effective. However, the specific biological mechanisms of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways in myocardial fibrosis still need to be fully understood, and there is no systematic review of existing drugs and methods to inhibit them from improving myocardial fibrosis. This study aims to summarize the roles and cross-linking mechanisms of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways in myocardial fibrosis and to systematically sort out the small-molecule inhibitors, Western drugs, traditional Chinese medicines, and non-pharmacological therapies that inhibit ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 to alleviate myocardial fibrosis. In the future, we hope to conduct more in-depth research from the perspective of precision-targeted therapy, using this as a basis for developing new drugs that provide new perspectives on the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zhihua Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Xianliang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
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Wu Q, Liu Z, Li B, Liu YE, Wang P. Immunoregulation in cancer-associated cachexia. J Adv Res 2024; 58:45-62. [PMID: 37150253 PMCID: PMC10982873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated cachexia is a multi-organ disorder associated with progressive weight loss due to a variable combination of anorexia, systemic inflammation and excessive energy wasting. Considering the importance of immunoregulation in cachexia, it still lacks a complete understanding of the immunological mechanisms in cachectic progression. AIM OF REVIEW Our aim here is to describe the complex immunoregulatory system in cachexia. We summarize the effects and translational potential of the immune system on the development of cancer-associated cachexia and we attempt to conclude with thoughts on precise and integrated therapeutic strategies under the complex immunological context of cachexia. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three main key concepts. First, we highlight the inflammatory factors and additional mediators that have been identified to modulate this syndrome. Second, we decipher the potential role of immune checkpoints in tissue wasting. Third, we discuss the multilayered insights in cachexia through the immunometabolic axis, immune-gut axis and immune-nerve axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University.
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-E Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University.
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Kučerka O, Blahutová M, Kosek V, Mináriková P, Horáček JM, Urbánek P, Malý M. Exploring the Role of GDF-15 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Controlled Study Comparing Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis with Non-Inflammatory Controls. Metabolites 2024; 14:185. [PMID: 38668313 PMCID: PMC11051727 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a persistent immune-mediated inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. This study investigates the role of growth differentiation factor 15 in severe IBD cases, aiming to identify a reliable parameter to assess disease severity and monitor activity. We analyzed plasma samples from 100 patients undergoing biologic therapy for severe IBD and 50 control subjects. Our analysis included evaluations of GDF-15 levels, inflammatory markers, and clinical features. We employed statistical methods such as the Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Spearman's correlation for an in-depth analysis. Our results demonstrated consistently higher GDF-15 levels in patients with both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis compared to the control group, irrespective of the biologic treatment received. The correlation analysis indicated significant relationships between GDF-15 levels, patient age, fibrinogen, and IL-6 levels. This study positions GDF-15 as a promising biomarker for severe IBD, with notable correlations with age and inflammatory markers. These findings underscore GDF-15's potential in enhancing disease monitoring and management strategies in an IBD context and encourage further research to clarify GDF-15's role in the IBD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kučerka
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, 500 02 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Blahutová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Military University Hospital, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kosek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, University of Chemistry and Technology, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mináriková
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan M Horáček
- Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, 500 02 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Urbánek
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Malý
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
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Perazza F, Leoni L, Colosimo S, Musio A, Bocedi G, D’Avino M, Agnelli G, Nicastri A, Rossetti C, Sacilotto F, Marchesini G, Petroni ML, Ravaioli F. Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38668314 PMCID: PMC11052067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a highly effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that it has significant therapeutic benefits in various organ systems, particularly the liver. Although the effects of metformin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are still being debated, it has positive effects on cirrhosis and anti-tumoral properties, which can help prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, it has been proven to improve insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, commonly associated with liver diseases. While more studies are needed to fully determine the safety and effectiveness of metformin use in liver diseases, the results are highly promising. Indeed, metformin has a terrific potential for extending its full therapeutic properties beyond its traditional use in managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Laura Leoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Santo Colosimo
- Doctorate School of Nutrition Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Giulia Bocedi
- U.O. Diabetologia, Ospedale C. Magati, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Michela D’Avino
- S.C. Endocrinologia Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Giulio Agnelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Alba Nicastri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Chiara Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federica Sacilotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Christidis G, Küppers F, Karatayli SC, Karatayli E, Weber SN, Lammert F, Krawczyk M. Skin advanced glycation end-products as indicators of the metabolic profile in diabetes mellitus: correlations with glycemic control, liver phenotypes and metabolic biomarkers. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38443880 PMCID: PMC10913560 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is a key pathomechanism related to the complications of diabetes mellitus. The measurement of HbA1c as one of the AGEs is widely used in the clinic, but also other proteins undergo glycation in the course of diabetes. Here, we measure skin AGEs (SAGEs) in patients with diabetes type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) and correlate them with metabolic markers as well as non-invasively measured liver fibrosis and steatosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 64 patients with either DM1 or DM2 and 28 healthy controls were recruited. SAGEs were measured using autofluorescence (AGE Reader). Liver fibrosis and steatosis were quantified using transient elastography, which determines liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). FGF19, FGF21 and GDF-15 were measured in blood samples using ELISA. RESULTS SAGEs were elevated in both groups of patients with diabetes as compared to healthy controls (both p < 0.001) and were higher in patients with DM2 in comparison to DM1 (p = 0.006). SAGEs correlated positively with HbA1c (r = 0.404, p < 0.001), CAP (r = 0.260, p = 0.016) and LSM (r = 0.356, p < 0.001), and negatively with insulin growth factor binding protein 3 (p < 0.001). We also detected a positive correlation between GDF15 and SAGEs (r = 0.469, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SAGEs are significantly elevated in patients with both DM types 1 and 2 and correlate with metabolic markers, including HbA1c and GDF15. They might also help to detect patients with advanced liver injury in the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Christidis
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Endokrinologikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederic Küppers
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Senem Ceren Karatayli
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ersin Karatayli
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Susanne N Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Center for Preclinical Research, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Fichtner K, Kalwa H, Lin MM, Gong Y, Müglitz A, Kluge M, Krügel U. GFRAL Is Widely Distributed in the Brain and Peripheral Tissues of Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:734. [PMID: 38474863 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2017, four independent publications described the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) as receptor for the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15, also MIC-1, NAG-1) with an expression exclusively in the mice brainstem area postrema (AP) and nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) where it mediates effects of GDF15 on reduction of food intake and body weight. GDF15 is a cell stress cytokine with a widespread expression and pleiotropic effects, which both seem to be in contrast to the reported highly specialized localization of its receptor. This discrepancy prompts us to re-evaluate the expression pattern of GFRAL in the brain and peripheral tissues of mice. In this detailed immunohistochemical study, we provide evidence for a more widespread distribution of this receptor. Apart from the AP/NTS region, GFRAL-immunoreactivity was found in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, nucleus arcuatus and peripheral tissues including liver, small intestine, fat, kidney and muscle tissues. This widespread receptor expression, not taken into consideration so far, may explain the multiple effects of GDF-15 that are not yet assigned to GFRAL. Furthermore, our results could be relevant for the development of novel pharmacological therapies for physical and mental disorders related to body image and food intake, such as eating disorders, cachexia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Fichtner
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann Kalwa
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miao-Miao Lin
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Anne Müglitz
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf-Virchow-Klinikum Glauchau, D-08371 Glauchau, Germany
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ramirez Bustamante CE, Agarwal N, Cox AR, Hartig SM, Lake JE, Balasubramanyam A. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Energy Balance Paradigms in People Living With HIV. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:190-209. [PMID: 37556371 PMCID: PMC10911955 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 4 decades, the clinical care of people living with HIV (PLWH) evolved from treatment of acute opportunistic infections to the management of chronic, noncommunicable comorbidities. Concurrently, our understanding of adipose tissue function matured to acknowledge its important endocrine contributions to energy balance. PLWH experience changes in the mass and composition of adipose tissue depots before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy, including regional loss (lipoatrophy), gain (lipohypertrophy), or mixed lipodystrophy. These conditions may coexist with generalized obesity in PLWH and reflect disturbances of energy balance regulation caused by HIV persistence and antiretroviral therapy drugs. Adipocyte hypertrophy characterizes visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot expansion, as well as ectopic lipid deposition that occurs diffusely in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart. PLWH with excess visceral adipose tissue exhibit adipokine dysregulation coupled with increased insulin resistance, heightening their risk for cardiovascular disease above that of the HIV-negative population. However, conventional therapies are ineffective for the management of cardiometabolic risk in this patient population. Although the knowledge of complex cardiometabolic comorbidities in PLWH continues to expand, significant knowledge gaps remain. Ongoing studies aimed at understanding interorgan communication and energy balance provide insights into metabolic observations in PLWH and reveal potential therapeutic targets. Our review focuses on current knowledge and recent advances in HIV-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, highlights emerging adipokine paradigms, and describes critical mechanistic and clinical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Ramirez Bustamante
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liu C, Zheng Y, Hu S, Liang X, Li Y, Yu Z, Liu Y, Bian Y, Man Y, Zhao S, Liu X, Liu H, Huang T, Ma J, Chen ZJ, Zhao H, Zhang Y. TOX3 deficiency mitigates hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis through FoxO1. Metabolism 2024; 152:155766. [PMID: 38145825 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive hepatic glucose production is a hallmark that contributes to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The regulatory network governing this process remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that TOX3, a high-mobility group family member, acts as a major transcriptional driver for hepatic glucose production. METHODS Tox3-overexpressed and knockout mice were constructed to explore its metabolic functions. Transcriptomic and chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) were used to identify downstream targets of TOX3. Both FoxO1 silencing and inhibitor approaches were used to assess the contribution of FoxO1. TOX3 expression levels were examined in the livers of mice and human subjects. Finally, Tox3 was genetically manipulated in diet-induced obese mice to evaluate its therapeutic potential. RESULTS Hepatic Tox3 overexpression activates the gluconeogenic program, resulting in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in mice. Hepatocyte-specific Tox3 knockout suppresses gluconeogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, integrated hepatic transcriptomic and ChIP-seq analyses identify FoxO1 as a direct target of TOX3. TOX3 stimulates FoxO1 transcription by directly binding to and activating its promoter, whereas FoxO1 silencing abrogates TOX3-induced dysglycemia in mice. In human subjects, hepatic TOX3 expression shows a significant positive correlation with blood glucose levels under normoglycemic conditions, yet is repressed by high glucose during T2D. Importantly, hepatic Tox3 deficiency markedly protects against and ameliorates the hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in diet-induced diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish TOX3 as a driver for excessive gluconeogenesis through activating hepatic FoxO1 transcription. TOX3 could serve as a promising target for preventing and treating hyperglycemia in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuanwen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shourui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaofan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Man
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Han Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Wan Y, Fu J. GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: linking chronic lung diseases and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:453-466. [PMID: 37093513 PMCID: PMC10123484 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is expressed in several human organs. In particular, it is highly expressed in the placenta, prostate, and liver. The expression of GDF15 increases under cellular stress and pathological conditions. Although numerous transcription factors directly up-regulate the expression of GDF15, the receptors and downstream mediators of GDF15 signal transduction in most tissues have not yet been determined. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like protein was recently identified as a specific receptor that plays a mediating role in anorexia. However, the specific receptors of GDF15 in other tissues and organs remain unclear. As a marker of cell stress, GDF15 appears to exert different effects under different pathological conditions. Cell senescence may be an important pathogenetic process and could be used to assess the progression of various lung diseases, including COVID-19. As a key member of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype protein repertoire, GDF15 seems to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, although the specific molecular mechanism linking GDF15 expression with ageing remains to be elucidated. Here, we focus on research progress linking GDF15 expression with the pathogenesis of various chronic lung diseases, including neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary hypertension, suggesting that GDF15 may be a key biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, in this review, we aimed to provide new insights into the molecular biological mechanism and emerging clinical data associated with GDF15 in lung-related diseases, while highlighting promising research and clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Zhang T, Han X, Zhang H, Li X, Zhou X, Feng S, Guo C, Song F, Tao T, Yin C, Xia J. Identification of molecular markers for predicting the severity of heart failure after AMI: An Olink precision proteomic study. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117825. [PMID: 38331209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) still has a high incidence of varying degrees of heart failure (HF). The aim of this study is to identify new molecular markers for predicting the severity of HF after AMI. METHODS We analyzed demographic indicators, past medical history, clinical indicators, major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and molecular markers in patients with different Killip classifications after AMI. Olink proteomics was used to explore new molecular markers for predicting different severity of HF after AMI. RESULTS Neutrophil count was the independent risk factors for in-hospital MACEs. Nineteen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) increased significantly with increasing Killip classification. Five DEPs were also found to have an AUC (95 % CI) value greater than 0.8: GDF-15, NT-pro BNP, TNF-R2, TNF-R1 and TFF3. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil count, GDF-15, TNF-R2, TNF-R1 and TFF3 were closely related to the Killip classification of HF after AMI, which suggests that the inflammatory response plays an important role in the severity of HF after AMI and that regulating inflammation might become a new target for controlling HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xuexue Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shuhui Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chenglong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tianqi Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jinggang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Jurado-Aguilar J, Barroso E, Bernard M, Zhang M, Peyman M, Rada P, Valverde ÁM, Wahli W, Palomer X, Vázquez-Carrera M. GDF15 activates AMPK and inhibits gluconeogenesis and fibrosis in the liver by attenuating the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway. Metabolism 2024; 152:155772. [PMID: 38176644 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The levels of the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been reported to be decreased via unknown mechanisms in the liver of mice deficient in growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). This stress response cytokine regulates energy metabolism mainly by reducing food intake through its hindbrain receptor GFRAL. OBJECTIVE To examine how GDF15 regulates AMPK. METHODS Wild-type and Gdf15-/- mice, mouse primary hepatocytes and the human hepatic cell line Huh-7 were used. RESULTS Gdf15-/- mice showed glucose intolerance, reduced hepatic phosphorylated AMPK levels, increased levels of phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3; a mediator of the fibrotic response), elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, as well as upregulated gluconeogenesis and fibrosis. In line with these observations, recombinant (r)GDF15 promoted AMPK activation and reduced the levels of phosphorylated SMAD3 and the markers of gluconeogenesis and fibrosis in the liver of mice and in mouse primary hepatocytes, suggesting that these effects may be independent of GFRAL. Pharmacological inhibition of SMAD3 phosphorylation in Gdf15-/- mice prevented glucose intolerance, the deactivation of AMPK and the increase in the levels of proteins involved in gluconeogenesis and fibrosis, suggesting that overactivation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway is responsible for the metabolic alterations in Gdf15-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings indicate that GDF15 activates AMPK and inhibits gluconeogenesis and fibrosis by lowering the activity of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jurado-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maribel Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Meijian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mona Peyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232; ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, UMR1331, F-31300 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
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Sotomi Y, Tamaki S, Hikoso S, Nakatani D, Okada K, Dohi T, Sunaga A, Kida H, Sato T, Matsuoka Y, Sakamoto D, Kitamura T, Komukai S, Seo M, Yano M, Hayashi T, Nakagawa A, Nakagawa Y, Ohtani T, Yasumura Y, Yamada T, Sakata Y. Pathophysiological insights into machine learning-based subphenotypes of acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart 2024; 110:441-447. [PMID: 37827559 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-323059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The heterogeneous pathophysiology of the diverse heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) phenotypes needs to be examined. We aim to assess differences in the biomarkers among the phenotypes of HFpEF and investigate its multifactorial pathophysiology. METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of the PURSUIT-HFpEF Study (N=1231), an ongoing, prospective, multicentre observational study of acute decompensated HFpEF. In this registry, there is a predefined subcohort in which we perform multibiomarker tests (N=212). We applied the previously established machine learning-based clustering model to the subcohort with biomarker measurements to classify them into four phenotypes: phenotype 1 (n=69), phenotype 2 (n=49), phenotype 3 (n=41) and phenotype 4 (n=53). Biomarker characteristics in each phenotype were evaluated. RESULTS Phenotype 1 presented the lowest value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitive C reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, troponin T and cystatin C, whereas phenotype 2, which is characterised by hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, showed the highest value of these markers. Phenotype 3 showed the second highest value of GDF-15 and cystatin C. Phenotype 4 presented a low NT-proBNP value and a relatively high GDF-15. CONCLUSIONS Distinctive characteristics of biomarkers in HFpEF phenotypes would indicate differential underlying mechanisms to be elucidated. The contribution of inflammation to the pathogenesis varied considerably among different HFpEF phenotypes. Systemic inflammation substantially contributes to the pathophysiology of the classic HFpEF phenotype with cardiac hypertrophy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN-CTR ID: UMIN000021831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sotomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamaki
- Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Shungo Hikoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisaku Nakatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Katsuki Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Dohi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirota Kida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taiki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Sho Komukai
- Division of Biomedical Statistics, Department of Integrated Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yano
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | | | - Akito Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Amagasaki Chuo Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Division of Cardiology, Kawanishi City Medical Center, Kawanishi, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ohtani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yasumura
- Division of Cardiology, Amagasaki Chuo Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Division of Cardiology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Joaquim A, Góis A, Soares A, Garcia C, Amarelo A, Antunes P, Afreixo V, Geraldes V, Capela A, Viamonte S, Alves AJ, Ferreira HB, Guerra I, Afonso AI, Domingues MR, Helguero LA. Effect of physical exercise on immune, inflammatory, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and fatty acids of breast cancer survivors: results from the MAMA_MOVE Gaia After Treatment trial. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:174. [PMID: 38378875 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical exercise has positive effects on clinical outcomes of breast cancer survivors such as quality of life, fatigue, anxiety, depression, body mass index, and physical fitness. We aimed to study its impact on immune, inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and fatty acids (FA) biomarkers. METHODS An exploratory sub-analysis of the MAMA_MOVE Gaia After Treatment trial (NCT04024280, registered July 18, 2019) was performed. Blood sample collections occurred during the control phase and at eight weeks of the intervention phase. Samples were subjected to complete leukocyte counts, cytokine, and cardiometabolic marker evaluation using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunoassays, and gas chromatography. RESULTS Ninety-three percent of the 15 participants had body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. We observed a decrease of the plasmatic saturated FA C20:0 [median difference - 0.08% (p = 0.048); mean difference - 0.1 (95%CI - 0.1, - 0.0)], positively associated with younger ages. A tendency to increase the saturated FA C18:0 and the ratio of unsaturated/saturated FA and a tendency to decrease neutrophils (within the normal range) and interferon-gamma were observed. CONCLUSIONS Positive trends of physical exercise on circulating immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and plasmatic FA were observed. Larger studies will further elucidate the implications of physical exercise on metabolism. These exploratory findings may contribute to future hypothesis-driven research and contribute to meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Joaquim
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - André Góis
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Soares
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Garcia
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Maia, 4475-690, Maia, Portugal
| | - Anabela Amarelo
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antunes
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Vera Afreixo
- Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Center for Research & Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Geraldes
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon and Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Capela
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho (CHVNG/E), 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viamonte
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Reabilitação Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, 4405-565, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Alberto J Alves
- ONCOMOVE®-Associação de Investigação de Cuidados de Suporte em Oncologia (AICSO), 4410-406, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Maia, 4475-690, Maia, Portugal
| | - Helena B Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Mass Spectrometry Centre &, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Mass Spectrometry Centre &, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Afonso
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon and Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Mass Spectrometry Centre &, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Richter MM, Thomsen MN, Skytte MJ, Kjeldsen SAS, Samkani A, Frystyk J, Magkos F, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Krarup T, Haugaard SB, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ. Effect of a 6-Week Carbohydrate-Reduced High-Protein Diet on Levels of FGF21 and GDF15 in People With Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae008. [PMID: 38379856 PMCID: PMC10875725 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) are increased in type 2 diabetes and are potential regulators of metabolism. The effect of changes in caloric intake and macronutrient composition on their circulating levels in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. Objective To explore the effects of a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet with and without a clinically significant weight loss on circulating levels of FGF21 and GDF15 in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We measured circulating FGF21 and GDF15 in patients with type 2 diabetes who completed 2 previously published diet interventions. Study 1 randomized 28 subjects to an isocaloric diet in a 6 + 6-week crossover trial consisting of, in random order, a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) or a conventional diabetes (CD) diet. Study 2 randomized 72 subjects to a 6-week hypocaloric diet aiming at a ∼6% weight loss induced by either a CRHP or a CD diet. Fasting plasma FGF21 and GDF15 were measured before and after the interventions in a subset of samples (n = 24 in study 1, n = 66 in study 2). Results Plasma levels of FGF21 were reduced by 54% in the isocaloric study (P < .05) and 18% in the hypocaloric study (P < .05) in CRHP-treated individuals only. Circulating GDF15 levels increased by 18% (P < .05) following weight loss in combination with a CRHP diet but only in those treated with metformin. Conclusion The CRHP diet significantly reduced FGF21 in people with type 2 diabetes independent of weight loss, supporting the role of FGF21 as a "nutrient sensor." Combining metformin treatment with carbohydrate restriction and weight loss may provide additional metabolic improvements due to the rise in circulating GDF15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Richter
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Mads N Thomsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - Mads J Skytte
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Sasha A S Kjeldsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Amirsalar Samkani
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Hvidovre, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Thure Krarup
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Steen B Haugaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
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Yang T, Li W, Zhou J, Xu M, Huang Z, Ming J, Huang T. A novel bystander effect in tamoxifen treatment: PPIB derived from ER+ cells attenuates ER- cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:147. [PMID: 38360722 PMCID: PMC10869711 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is the frontline therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer in premenopausal women that interrupts ER signaling. As tumors with elevated heterogeneity, amounts of ER-negative (ER-) cells are present in ER+ breast cancer that cannot be directly killed by TAM. Despite complete remissions have been achieved in clinical practice, the mechanism underlying the elimination of ER- cells during TAM treatment remains an open issue. Herein, we deciphered the elimination of ER- cells in TAM treatment from the perspective of the bystander effect. Markable reductions were observed in tumorigenesis of ER- breast cancer cells by applying both supernatants from TAM-treated ER+ cells and a transwell co-culture system, validating the presence of a TAM-induced bystander effect. The major antitumor protein derived from ER+ cells, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PPIB), is the mediator of the TAM-induced bystander effect identified by quantitative proteomics. The attenuation of ER- cells was attributed to activated BiP/eIF2α/CHOP axis and promoted endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced apoptosis, which can also be triggered by PPIB independently. Altogether, our study revealed a novel TAM-induced bystander effect in TAM treatment of ER+ breast cancer, raising the possibility of developing PPIB as a synergistic antitumor agent or even substitute endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglin Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Sernoskie SC, Bonneil É, Thibault P, Jee A, Uetrecht J. Involvement of Extracellular Vesicles in the Proinflammatory Response to Clozapine: Implications for Clozapine-Induced Agranulocytosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:827-845. [PMID: 38262745 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Most idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) appear to be immune-mediated, but mechanistic events preceding severe reaction onset remain poorly defined. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may contribute to both innate and adaptive immune phases of IDRs, and changes in extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo have been detected post-exposure to several IDR-associated drugs. To explore the hypothesis that EVs are also a source of DAMPs in the induction of the immune response preceding drug-induced agranulocytosis, the proteome and immunogenicity of clozapine- (agranulocytosis-associated drug) and olanzapine- (non-agranulocytosis-associated drug) exposed EVs were compared in two preclinical models: THP-1 macrophages and Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared with olanzapine, clozapine induced a greater increase in the concentration of EVs enriched from both cell culture media and rat serum. Moreover, treatment of drug-naïve THP-1 cells with clozapine-exposed EVs induced an inflammasome-dependent response, supporting a potential role for EVs in immune activation. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses demonstrated an increased number of differentially expressed proteins with clozapine that were enriched in pathways related to inflammation, myeloid cell chemotaxis, wounding, transforming growth factor-β signaling, and negative regulation of stimuli response. These data indicate that, although clozapine and olanzapine exposure both alter the protein cargo of EVs, clozapine-exposed EVs carry mediators that exhibit significantly greater immunogenicity. Ultimately, this supports the working hypothesis that drugs associated with a risk of IDRs induce cell stress, release of proinflammatory mediators, and early immune activation that precedes severe reaction onset. Further studies characterizing EVs may elucidate biomarkers that predict IDR risk during development of drug candidates. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work demonstrates that clozapine, an idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis (IDIAG)-associated drug, but not olanzapine, a safer structural analogue, induces an acute proinflammatory response and increases extracellular vesicle (EV) release in two preclinical models. Moreover, clozapine-exposed EVs are more immunogenic, as measured by their ability to activate inflammasomes, and contain more differentially expressed proteins, highlighting a novel role for EVs during the early immune response to clozapine and enhancing our mechanistic understanding of IDIAG and other idiosyncratic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Christine Sernoskie
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.C.S., J.U.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (A.J., J.U.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (É.B., P.T.) and Department of Chemistry (P.T.), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Éric Bonneil
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.C.S., J.U.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (A.J., J.U.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (É.B., P.T.) and Department of Chemistry (P.T.), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.C.S., J.U.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (A.J., J.U.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (É.B., P.T.) and Department of Chemistry (P.T.), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Alison Jee
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.C.S., J.U.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (A.J., J.U.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (É.B., P.T.) and Department of Chemistry (P.T.), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Jack Uetrecht
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.C.S., J.U.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (A.J., J.U.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (É.B., P.T.) and Department of Chemistry (P.T.), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
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Guo Y, You J, Zhang Y, Liu WS, Huang YY, Zhang YR, Zhang W, Dong Q, Feng JF, Cheng W, Yu JT. Plasma proteomic profiles predict future dementia in healthy adults. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:247-260. [PMID: 38347190 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The advent of proteomics offers an unprecedented opportunity to predict dementia onset. We examined this in data from 52,645 adults without dementia in the UK Biobank, with 1,417 incident cases and a follow-up time of 14.1 years. Of 1,463 plasma proteins, GFAP, NEFL, GDF15 and LTBP2 consistently associated most with incident all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), and ranked high in protein importance ordering. Combining GFAP (or GDF15) with demographics produced desirable predictions for ACD (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.891) and AD (AUC = 0.872) (or VaD (AUC = 0.912)). This was also true when predicting over 10-year ACD, AD and VaD. Individuals with higher GFAP levels were 2.32 times more likely to develop dementia. Notably, GFAP and LTBP2 were highly specific for dementia prediction. GFAP and NEFL began to change at least 10 years before dementia diagnosis. Our findings strongly highlight GFAP as an optimal biomarker for dementia prediction, even more than 10 years before the diagnosis, with implications for screening people at high risk for dementia and for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Shi Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Asundi J, Zhang C, Donnelly‐Roberts D, Solorio JZ, Challagundla M, Connelly C, Boch C, Chen J, Richter M, Maneshi MM, Swensen AM, Lebon L, Schiffmann R, Sanyal S, Sidrauski C, Kolumam G, Baruch A. GDF15 is a dynamic biomarker of the integrated stress response in the central nervous system. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14600. [PMID: 38357857 PMCID: PMC10867791 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Characterize Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) as a secreted biomarker of the integrated stress response (ISR) within the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS We determined GDF15 levels utilizing in vitro and in vivo neuronal systems wherein the ISR was activated. Primarily, we used the murine model of vanishing white matter disease (VWMD), a neurological disease driven by persistent ISR in the CNS, to establish a link between levels of GDF15 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ISR gene expression signature in the CNS. GDF15 was also determined in the CSF of VWM patients. RESULTS GDF15 expression was increased concomitant to ISR activation in stress-induced primary astrocytes as well as in retinal ganglion cells following optic nerve crush, while treatment with 2Bact, a specific eIF2B activator, suppressed both the ISR and GDF15. In the VWMD model, CSF GDF15 levels corresponded with the magnitude of the ISR and were reduced by 2BAct. In VWM patients, mean CSF GDF15 was elevated >20-fold as compared to healthy controls, whereas plasma GDF15 was undifferentiated. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CSF GDF15 is a dynamic marker of ISR activation in the CNS and may serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for ISR-modulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Asundi
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chunlian Zhang
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Lebon
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amos Baruch
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Yildiz AB, Tanriover C, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Physical exercise in kidney disease: A commonly undervalued treatment modality. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14105. [PMID: 37814427 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor for multiple disorders and a strong association exists between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a sedentary lifestyle. Even though physical activity is crucial in the development and progression of disease, the general focus of the current medical practice is the pharmacological perspective of diseases with inadequate emphasis on lifestyle intervention. METHODS In this narrative review we explain the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise on CKD in addition to discussing the clinical studies and trials centred on physical exercise in patients with CKD. RESULTS Physical activity influences several pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular function, immune response and macromolecular metabolism. While exercise can initially induce stress responses like inflammation and oxidative stress, long-term physical activity leads to protective countermeasures and overall improved health. Trials in pre-dialysis CKD patients show that exercise can lead to reductions in body weight, inflammation markers and fasting plasma glucose. Furthermore, it improves patients' functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life. The effects of exercise on kidney function have been inconsistent in these trials. In haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplant patients exercise interventions improve cardiorespiratory fitness, walking capacity and quality of life. Combined training shows the best performance to increase peak oxygen uptake in haemodialysis patients. In kidney transplant recipients, exercise improves walking performance, quality of life and potentially arterial stiffness. However, exercise does not affect glucose metabolism, serum cholesterol and inflammation biomarkers. Long-term, adequately powered trials are needed to determine the long-term feasibility, and effects on quality of life and major clinical outcomes, including mortality and cardiovascular risk, in all CKD stages and particularly in kidney transplant patients, a scarcely investigated population. CONCLUSION Physical exercise plays a crucial role in ameliorating inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular function, immune response and macromolecular metabolism, and contributes significantly to the quality of life for patients with CKD, irrespective of the treatment and stage. Its direct impact on kidney function remains uncertain. Further extensive, long-term trials to conclusively determine the effect of exercise on major clinical outcomes such as mortality and cardiovascular risk remain a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah B Yildiz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit Azienda Ospedaliera "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli" & CNR-IFC, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Biogem), Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renal (IPNET), c/o Nefrologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Holmannova D, Borsky P, Andrys C, Kremlacek J, Fiala Z, Parova H, Rehacek V, Esterkova M, Poctova G, Maresova T, Borska L. The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on Potential Aging Biomarkers in Participants with Metabolic Syndrome Compared to Healthy Controls. Biomedicines 2024; 12:242. [PMID: 38275413 PMCID: PMC10813522 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological aging is a physiological process that can be altered by various factors. The presence of a chronic metabolic disease can accelerate aging and increase the risk of further chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to determine whether the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects levels of markers that are associated with, among other things, aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 169 subjects (58 with MetS, and 111 without metabolic syndrome, i.e., non-MetS) participated in the study. Levels of telomerase, GDF11/15, sirtuin 1, follistatin, NLRP3, AGEs, klotho, DNA/RNA damage, NAD+, vitamin D, and blood lipids were assessed from blood samples using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS Telomerase (p < 0.01), DNA/RNA damage (p < 0.006) and GDF15 (p < 0.02) were higher in MetS group compared to non-MetS group. Only vitamin D levels were higher in the non-MetS group (p < 0.0002). Differences between MetS and non-MetS persons were also detected in groups divided according to age: in under 35-year-olds and those aged 35-50 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that people with MetS compared to those without MetS have higher levels of some of the measured markers of biological aging. Thus, the presence of MetS may accelerate biological aging, which may be associated with an increased risk of chronic comorbidities that accompany MetS (cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, or cancer diseases) and risk of premature death from all causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kremlacek
- Institute of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Helena Parova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Rehacek
- Transfusion Department, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Esterkova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Gabriela Poctova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Tereza Maresova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic (L.B.)
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Ngamjariyawat A, Cen J, Wang X, Welsh N. GDF15 Protects Insulin-Producing Beta Cells against Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Metabolic Stress via Increased Deamination of Intracellular Adenosine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:801. [PMID: 38255875 PMCID: PMC10815691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin and imatinib, at least in part, promote improved glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients via increased production of the inflammatory cytokine GDF15. This is supported by studies, performed in rodent cell lines and mouse models, in which the addition or production of GDF15 improved beta-cell function and survival. The aim of the present study was to determine whether human beta cells produce GDF15 in response to antidiabetic drugs and, if so, to further elucidate the mechanisms by which GDF15 modulates the function and survival of such cells. The effects and expression of GDF15 were analyzed in human insulin-producing EndoC-betaH1 cells and human islets. We observed that alpha and beta cells exhibit considerable heterogeneity in GDF15 immuno-positivity. The predominant form of GDF15 present in islet and EndoC-betaH1 cells was pro-GDF15. Imatinib, but not metformin, increased pro-GDF15 levels in EndoC-betaH1 cells. Under basal conditions, exogenous GDF15 increased human islet oxygen consumption rates. In EndoC-betaH1 cells and human islets, exogenous GDF15 partially ameliorated cytokine- or palmitate + high-glucose-induced loss of function and viability. GDF15-induced cell survival was paralleled by increased inosine levels, suggesting a more efficient disposal of intracellular adenosine. Knockdown of adenosine deaminase, the enzyme that converts adenosine to inosine, resulted in lowered inosine levels and loss of protection against cytokine- or palmitate + high-glucose-induced cell death. It is concluded that imatinib-induced GDF15 production may protect human beta cells partially against inflammatory and metabolic stress. Furthermore, it is possible that the GDF15-mediated activation of adenosine deaminase and the increased disposal of intracellular adenosine participate in protection against beta-cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongnad Ngamjariyawat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jing Cen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Nils Welsh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
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Wang Y, Dong Z, An Z, Jin W. Cancer cachexia: Focus on cachexia factors and inter-organ communication. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:44-62. [PMID: 37968131 PMCID: PMC10766315 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs, which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors. Cancer cachexia factors, being the general name of inflammatory factors, circulating proteins, metabolites, and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells, play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available. Thus, the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed. From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors, finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells, and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer cachexia, along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors. This summary aims to deepen medical community's understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zikai Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ziyi An
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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