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Guerreiro EM, Kruglik SG, Swamy S, Latysheva N, Østerud B, Guigner JM, Sureau F, Bonneau S, Kuzmin AN, Prasad PN, Hansen JB, Hellesø OG, Snir O. Extracellular vesicles from activated platelets possess a phospholipid-rich biomolecular profile and enhance prothrombinase activity. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1463-1474. [PMID: 38266680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs), in particular those derived from activated platelets, are associated with a risk of future venous thromboembolism. OBJECTIVES To study the biomolecular profile and function characteristics of EVs from control (unstimulated) and activated platelets. METHODS Biomolecular profiling of single or very few (1-4) platelet-EVs (control/stimulated) was performed by Raman tweezers microspectroscopy. The effects of such EVs on the coagulation system were comprehensively studied. RESULTS Raman tweezers microspectroscopy of platelet-EVs followed by biomolecular component analysis revealed for the first time 3 subsets of EVs: (i) protein rich, (ii) protein/lipid rich, and (iii) lipid rich. EVs from control platelets presented a heterogeneous biomolecular profile, with protein-rich EVs being the main subset (58.7% ± 3.5%). Notably, the protein-rich subset may contain a minor contribution from other extracellular particles, including protein aggregates. In contrast, EVs from activated platelets were more homogeneous, dominated by the protein/lipid-rich subset (>85%), and enriched in phospholipids. Functionally, EVs from activated platelets increased thrombin generation by 52.4% and shortened plasma coagulation time by 34.6% ± 10.0% compared with 18.6% ± 13.9% mediated by EVs from control platelets (P = .015). The increased procoagulant activity was predominantly mediated by phosphatidylserine. Detailed investigation showed that EVs from activated platelets increased the activity of the prothrombinase complex (factor Va:FXa:FII) by more than 6-fold. CONCLUSION Our study reports a novel quantitative biomolecular characterization of platelet-EVs possessing a homogenous and phospholipid-enriched profile in response to platelet activation. Such characteristics are accompanied with an increased phosphatidylserine-dependent procoagulant activity. Further investigation of a possible role of platelet-EVs in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda M Guerreiro
- Thrombosis Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Univesitet i Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sergei G Kruglik
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.
| | - Samantha Swamy
- Thrombosis Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Univesitet i Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nadezhda Latysheva
- Thrombosis Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Univesitet i Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarne Østerud
- Thrombosis Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Univesitet i Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jean-Michel Guigner
- L'Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Franck Sureau
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bonneau
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Andrey N Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics and the Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics and the Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- Thrombosis Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Univesitet i Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Thrombosis Research Center, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olav Gaute Hellesø
- Department of Physics and Technology, Univesitet i Tromsø- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Omri Snir
- Thrombosis Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Univesitet i Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Thrombosis Research Center, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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2
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Kulma M, Šakanović A, Bedina-Zavec A, Caserman S, Omersa N, Šolinc G, Orehek S, Hafner-Bratkovič I, Kuhar U, Slavec B, Krapež U, Ocepek M, Kobayashi T, Kwiatkowska K, Jerala R, Podobnik M, Anderluh G. Sequestration of membrane cholesterol by cholesterol-binding proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry into Vero E6 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:149954. [PMID: 38704887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Membrane lipids and proteins form dynamic domains crucial for physiological and pathophysiological processes, including viral infection. Many plasma membrane proteins, residing within membrane domains enriched with cholesterol (CHOL) and sphingomyelin (SM), serve as receptors for attachment and entry of viruses into the host cell. Among these, human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), use proteins associated with membrane domains for initial binding and internalization. We hypothesized that the interaction of lipid-binding proteins with CHOL in plasma membrane could sequestrate lipids and thus affect the efficiency of virus entry into host cells, preventing the initial steps of viral infection. We have prepared CHOL-binding proteins with high affinities for lipids in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Binding of the perfringolysin O domain four (D4) and its variant D4E458L to membrane CHOL impaired the internalization of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the pseudovirus complemented with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells was also decreased. Overall, our results demonstrate that the integrity of CHOL-rich membrane domains and the accessibility of CHOL in the membrane play an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Šakanović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Apolonija Bedina-Zavec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Caserman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Omersa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Šolinc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Orehek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Kuhar
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Slavec
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Krapež
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Fischer MB, Weber V. Impact of production methods and storage conditions on extracellular vesicles in packed red blood cells and platelet concentrates. Transfus Apher Sci 2024; 63:103891. [PMID: 38336556 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2024.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of blood and blood products can be life-saving, but there are also certain risks associated with their administration and use. Packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and platelet concentrates are the most commonly used blood products in transfusion medicine to treat anemia or acute and chronic bleeding disorders, respectively. During the production and storage of blood products, red blood cells and platelets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a result of the storage lesion, which may affect product quality. EVs are subcellular structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer and originate from the endosomal system or from the plasma membrane. They play a pivotal role in intercellular communication and are emerging as important regulators of inflammation and coagulation. Their cargo and their functional characteristics depend on the cell type from which they originate, as well as on their microenvironment, influencing their capacity to promote coagulation and inflammatory responses. Hence, the potential involvement of EVs in transfusion-related adverse events is increasingly recognized and studied. Here, we review the knowledge regarding the effect of production and storage conditions of pRBCs and platelet concentrates on the release of EVs. In this context, the mode of processing and anticoagulation, the influence of additive solutions and leukoreduction, as well as the storage duration will be addressed, and we discuss potential implications of EVs for the clinical outcome of transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.
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4
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Montague SJ, Price J, Pennycott K, Pavey NJ, Martin EM, Thirlwell I, Kemble S, Monteiro C, Redmond-Motteram L, Lawson N, Reynolds K, Fratter C, Bignell P, Groenheide A, Huskens D, de Laat B, Pike JA, Poulter NS, Thomas SG, Lowe GC, Lancashire J, Harrison P, Morgan NV. Comprehensive functional characterization of a novel ANO6 variant in a new patient with Scott syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00127-2. [PMID: 38492852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scott syndrome is a mild platelet-type bleeding disorder, first described in 1979, with only 3 unrelated families identified through defective phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and confirmed by sequencing. The syndrome is distinguished by impaired surface exposure of procoagulant PS on platelets after stimulation. To date, platelet function and thrombin generation in this condition have not been extensively characterized. OBJECTIVES Genetic and functional studies were undertaken in a consanguineous family with a history of excessive bleeding of unknown cause. METHODS A targeted gene panel of known bleeding and platelet genes was used to identify possible genetic variants. Platelet phenotyping, flow adhesion, flow cytometry, whole blood and platelet-rich plasma thrombin generation, and specialized extracellular vesicle measurements were performed. RESULTS We detected a novel homozygous frameshift variant, c.1943del (p.Arg648Hisfs∗23), in ANO6 encoding Anoctamin 6, in a patient with a bleeding history but interestingly with normal ANO6 expression. Phenotyping of the patient's platelets confirmed the absence of PS expression and procoagulant activity but also revealed other defects including reduced platelet δ granules, reduced ristocetin-mediated aggregation and secretion, and reduced P-selectin expression after stimulation. PS was absent on spread platelets, and thrombi formed over collagen at 1500/s. Reduced thrombin generation was observed in platelet-rich plasma and confirmed in whole blood using a new thrombin generation assay. CONCLUSION We present a comprehensive report of a patient with Scott syndrome with a novel frameshift variant in AN06, which is associated with no platelet PS exposure and markedly reduced thrombin generation in whole blood, explaining the significant bleeding phenotype observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Montague
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Price
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Pennycott
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha J Pavey
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eleyna M Martin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Thirlwell
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Monteiro
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Redmond-Motteram
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Lawson
- Haemophilia Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Reynolds
- Haemophilia Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Fratter
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Bignell
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dana Huskens
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas de Laat
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A Pike
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, the Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, the Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, the Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian C Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Comprehensive Care Haemophilia Centre, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Lancashire
- Haemophilia Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neil V Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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5
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Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Kalanj-Bognar S, Heffer M, Blažetić S. Methodological Pitfalls of Investigating Lipid Rafts in the Brain: What Are We Still Missing? Biomolecules 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38397393 PMCID: PMC10886647 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to succinctly examine the methodologies used in lipid raft research in the brain and to highlight the drawbacks of some investigative approaches. Lipid rafts are biochemically and biophysically different from the bulk membrane. A specific lipid environment within membrane domains provides a harbor for distinct raftophilic proteins, all of which in concert create a specialized platform orchestrating various cellular processes. Studying lipid rafts has proved to be arduous due to their elusive nature, mobility, and constant dynamic reorganization to meet the cellular needs. Studying neuronal lipid rafts is particularly cumbersome due to the immensely complex regional molecular architecture of the central nervous system. Biochemical fractionation, performed with or without detergents, is still the most widely used method to isolate lipid rafts. However, the differences in solubilization when various detergents are used has exposed a dire need to find more reliable methods to study particular rafts. Biochemical methods need to be complemented with other approaches such as live-cell microscopy, imaging mass spectrometry, and the development of specific non-invasive fluorescent probes to obtain a more complete image of raft dynamics and to study the spatio-temporal expression of rafts in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Heffer
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Senka Blažetić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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6
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Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are a subset of EVs that are released from platelets, which are small nuclear cell fragments that play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. PEVs have been shown to have important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer. Recently, researchers, including our group have utilized PEVs as drug delivery platforms as PEVs could target inflammatory sites both passively and actively. This review summarizes the biological function of PEVs, introduces recent applications of PEVs in targeted drug delivery, and provides an outlook for the further development of utilizing PEVs for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yao
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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7
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Tschirhart BJ, Lu X, Gomes J, Chandrabalan A, Bell G, Hess DA, Xing G, Ling H, Burger D, Feng Q. Annexin A5 Inhibits Endothelial Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Platelets and Microvesicles via Phosphatidylserine Binding. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:837. [PMID: 37375784 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection and is a leading cause of mortality globally. To date, no specific therapeutics are available to treat the underlying septic response. We and others have shown that recombinant human annexin A5 (Anx5) treatment inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production and improves survival in rodent sepsis models. During sepsis, activated platelets release microvesicles (MVs) with externalization of phosphatidylserine to which Anx5 binds with high affinity. We hypothesized that recombinant human Anx5 blocks the pro-inflammatory response induced by activated platelets and MVs in vascular endothelial cells under septic conditions via phosphatidylserine binding. Our data show that treatment with wildtype Anx5 reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated platelets or MVs in endothelial cells (p < 0.01), which was not observed with Anx5 mutant deficient in phosphatidylserine binding. In addition, wildtype Anx5 treatment, but not Anx5 mutant, improved trans-endothelial electrical resistance (p < 0.05) and reduced monocyte (p < 0.001) and platelet (p < 0.001) adhesion to vascular endothelial cells in septic conditions. In conclusion, recombinant human Anx5 inhibits endothelial inflammation induced by activated platelets and MVs in septic conditions via phosphatidylserine binding, which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Tschirhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Xiangru Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Janice Gomes
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Arundhasa Chandrabalan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gillian Bell
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Guangxin Xing
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Hong Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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8
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Abstract
The formation of membrane vesicles is a common feature in all eukaryotes. Lipid rafts are the best-studied example of membrane domains for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and their existence also is suggested in Archaea membranes. Lipid rafts are involved in the formation of transport vesicles, endocytic vesicles, exocytic vesicles, synaptic vesicles and extracellular vesicles, as well as enveloped viruses. Two mechanisms of how rafts are involved in vesicle formation have been proposed: first, that raft proteins and/or lipids located in lipid rafts associate with coat proteins that form a budding vesicle, and second, vesicle budding is triggered by enzymatic generation of cone-shaped ceramides and inverted cone-shaped lyso-phospholipids. In both cases, induction of curvature is also facilitated by the relaxation of tension in the raft domain. In this Review, we discuss the role of raft-derived vesicles in several intracellular trafficking pathways. We also highlight their role in different pathways of endocytosis, and in the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) through budding inwards from the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane, because rafts inside MVB membranes are likely to be involved in loading RNA into ILVs. Finally, we discuss the association of glycoproteins with rafts via the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sapoń
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Mańka
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
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9
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Palacio PL, Pleet ML, Reátegui E, Magaña SM. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis: From cellular surrogates to pathogenic mediators and beyond. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 377:578064. [PMID: 36934525 PMCID: PMC10124134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) driven by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. While the therapeutic arsenal has expanded significantly for management of relapsing forms of MS, treatment of individuals with progressive MS is suboptimal. This treatment inequality is in part due to an incomplete understanding of pathomechanisms at different stages of the disease-underscoring the critical need for new biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their bioactive cargo have emerged as endogenous nanoparticles with great theranostic potential-as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and ultimately as therapeutic candidates for precision nanotherapeutics. The goals of this review are to: 1) summarize the current data investigating the role of EVs and their bioactive cargo in MS pathogenesis, 2) provide a high level overview of advances and challenges in EV isolation and characterization for translational studies, and 3) conclude with future perspectives on this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Loreto Palacio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle L Pleet
- Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Setty M Magaña
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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10
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Liani R, Simeone PG, Tripaldi R, D'Ardes D, Creato V, Pepe R, Lessiani G, Bologna G, Cipollone F, Marchisio M, Lanuti P, Santilli F. Kinetics of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Over the 24-Hour Dosing Interval After Low-Dose Aspirin Administration in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:1096-1106. [PMID: 36749026 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles deriving from all cell types during cell activation, involved in transcellular communication, and regarded as predictors of vascular damage and of cardiovascular events. We tested the hypothesis that, in patients on chronic low-dose aspirin treatment for cardiovascular prevention, aspirin may affect the release of EVs within the 24-hour interval. We enrolled 84 patients, mostly at high or very high cardiovascular risk, on chronic low-dose aspirin treatment. The numbers of circulating EVs (cEVs) and annexinV+ cEVs (total, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and leucocyte-derived) were assessed immediately before, and after 10 and 24 hours of a witnessed aspirin administration. Platelet cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) recovery was characterized by measuring serum thromboxane B2 (sTXB2 ) at the same timepoints. Nine healthy participants were also enrolled. In patients, daily aspirin administration acutely inhibited after 10 hours following aspirin administrations the release of cEVs (total and leukocyte-derived) and annexinV+ cEVs (total, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and leukocyte-derived), with a rapid recovery at 24 hours. The inhibition after 10 hours suggests a COX-1-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, the slope of platelet-derived and of annexinV+ platelet-derived cEVs were both directly related to sTXB2 slope and COX-1 messenger RNA, raising the hypothesis that vice versa, cEVs may affect the rate of COX-1 recovery and the subsequent duration of aspirin effect. In healthy participants, no circadian difference was observed, except for leukocyte-derived cEVs. Our findings suggest a previously unappreciated effect of aspirin on the kinetics of a subset of cEVs possibly contributing to the cardioprotective effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Giustina Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Romina Tripaldi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiano D'Ardes
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Creato
- Internal Medicine, Clinica Medica, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pepe
- Internal Medicine, Clinica Medica, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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11
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Mardi N, Haiaty S, Rahbarghazi R, Mobarak H, Milani M, Zarebkohan A, Nouri M. Exosomal transmission of viruses, a two-edged biological sword. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:19. [PMID: 36691072 PMCID: PMC9868521 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common belief, most viruses can egress from the host cells as single particles and transmit to uninfected cells. Emerging data have revealed en bloc viral transmission as lipid bilayer-cloaked particles via extracellular vesicles especially exosomes (Exo). The supporting membrane can be originated from multivesicular bodies during intra-luminal vesicle formation and autophagic response. Exo are nano-sized particles, ranging from 40-200 nm, with the ability to harbor several types of signaling molecules from donor to acceptor cells in a paracrine manner, resulting in the modulation of specific signaling reactions in target cells. The phenomenon of Exo biogenesis consists of multiple and complex biological steps with the participation of diverse constituents and molecular pathways. Due to similarities between Exo biogenesis and virus replication and the existence of shared pathways, it is thought that viruses can hijack the Exo biogenesis machinery to spread and evade immune cells. To this end, Exo can transmit complete virions (as single units or aggregates), separate viral components, and naked genetic materials. The current review article aims to scrutinize challenges and opportunities related to the exosomal delivery of viruses in terms of viral infections and public health. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mardi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Harper MT. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Arterial Thrombosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:259-275. [PMID: 37603285 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are necessary for normal haemostasis but also form life-threatening arterial thrombi when atherosclerotic plaques rupture. Activated platelets release many extracellular vesicles during thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine-exposing microparticles promote coagulation. Small exosomes released during granule secretion deliver cargoes including microRNAs to cells throughout the cardiovascular system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which platelets release these extracellular vesicles, together with the possibility of inhibiting this release as an antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Campbell RA, Manne BK, Banerjee M, Middleton EA, Ajanel A, Schwertz H, Denorme F, Stubben C, Montenont E, Saperstein S, Page L, Tolley ND, Lim DL, Brown SM, Grissom CK, Sborov DW, Krishnan A, Rondina MT. IFITM3 regulates fibrinogen endocytosis and platelet reactivity in nonviral sepsis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153014. [PMID: 36194487 PMCID: PMC9711880 DOI: 10.1172/jci153014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets and megakaryocytes are critical players in immune responses. Recent reports suggest infection and inflammation alter the megakaryocyte and platelet transcriptome to induce altered platelet reactivity. We determined whether nonviral sepsis induces differential platelet gene expression and reactivity. Nonviral sepsis upregulated IFN-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), an IFN-responsive gene that restricts viral replication. As IFITM3 has been linked to clathrin-mediated endocytosis, we determined whether IFITM3 promoted endocytosis of α-granule proteins. IFN stimulation enhanced fibrinogen endocytosis in megakaryocytes and platelets from Ifitm+/+ mice, but not Ifitm-/- mice. IFITM3 overexpression or deletion in megakaryocytes demonstrated IFITM3 was necessary and sufficient to regulate fibrinogen endocytosis. Mechanistically, IFITM3 interacted with clathrin and αIIb and altered their plasma membrane localization into lipid rafts. In vivo IFN administration increased fibrinogen endocytosis, platelet reactivity, and thrombosis in an IFITM-dependent manner. In contrast, Ifitm-/- mice were completely rescued from IFN-induced platelet hyperreactivity and thrombosis. During murine sepsis, platelets from Ifitm+/+ mice demonstrated increased fibrinogen content and platelet reactivity, which was dependent on IFN-α and IFITMs. Platelets from patients with nonviral sepsis had increases in platelet IFITM3 expression, fibrinogen content, and hyperreactivity. These data identify IFITM3 as a regulator of platelet endocytosis, hyperreactivity, and thrombosis during inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Pathology, and
| | - Bhanu Kanth Manne
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Meenakshi Banerjee
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Middleton
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Hansjorg Schwertz
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Occupational Medicine, Billings Clinic Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Chris Stubben
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emilie Montenont
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Lauren Page
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Neal D. Tolley
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Diana L. Lim
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samuel M. Brown
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, USA
| | - Colin K. Grissom
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, USA
| | - Douglas W. Sborov
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Pathology, and
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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14
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He Y, Wu Q. The Effect of Extracellular Vesicles on Thrombosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s12265-022-10342-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular events caused by acute thrombosis is high, including acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of extracellular vesicles of different cellular origins in various cardiovascular events associated with acute thrombosis, as described in the current literature, to facilitate the future development of a precise therapy for thrombosis caused by such vesicles. We hope that our review will indicate a new horizon in the field of cardiovascular research with regard to the treatment of acute thrombosis, especially targeting thrombosis caused by extracellular vesicles secreted by individual cells. As more emerging technologies are being developed, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies related to EVs are expected to be identified for related diseases in the future.
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15
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Turner ME, Bartoli‐Leonard F, Aikawa E. Small particles with large impact: Insights into the unresolved roles of innate immunity in extracellular vesicle‐mediated cardiovascular calcification. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:20-37. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Francesca Bartoli‐Leonard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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16
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Roncato R, Angelini J, Pani A, Talotta R. Lipid rafts as viral entry routes and immune platforms: A double-edged sword in SARS-CoV-2 infection? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159140. [PMID: 35248801 PMCID: PMC8894694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are nanoscopic compartments of cell membranes that serve a variety of biological functions. They play a crucial role in viral infections, as enveloped viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can exploit rafts to enter or quit target cells. On the other hand, lipid rafts contribute to the formation of immune synapses and their proper functioning is a prerequisite for adequate immune response and viral clearance. In this narrative review we dissect the panorama focusing on this singular aspect of cell biology in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy. A lipid raft-mediated mechanism can be hypothesized for many drugs recommended or considered for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants and antiviral agents. Furthermore, the additional use of lipid-lowering agents, like statins, may affect the lipid composition of membrane rafts and thus influence the processes occurring in these compartments. The combination of drugs acting on lipid rafts may be successful in the treatment of more severe forms of the disease and should be reserved for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), via Gallini, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Jacopo Angelini
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), via Pozzuolo, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Toxicology Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU "Gaetano Martino", University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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17
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Zhou R, Bozbas E, Allen-Redpath K, Yaqoob P. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Are Strongly Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Markers. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:907457. [PMID: 35694679 PMCID: PMC9178174 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.907457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron membrane-bound vesicles released from various cells, which are emerging as a potential novel biomarker in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to their procoagulatory and prothrombotic properties. However, there is little information about the relationships between circulating EVs and conventional and thrombogenic risk markers of CVDs. Objective To investigate the relationships between circulating EVs, conventional cardiovascular risk markers and thrombogenic markers in subjects with moderate risk of CVDs. Design Subjects (n = 40) aged 40-70 years with moderate risk of CVDs were recruited and assessed for body mass index, blood pressure and plasma lipid profile, as well as platelet aggregation, clot formation, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis. Numbers of circulating EVs were assessed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and flow cytometry. A range of assays were used to assess the procoagulatory activity of plasma and circulating EVs. Results Circulating EV numbers were positively associated with body mass index, blood pressure, plasma triacylglycerol concentration and overall CVD risk. Higher circulating EV numbers were also associated with increased thrombin generation and enhanced clot formation, and EVs isolated from subjects with moderate CVD risk promoted thrombin generation ex vivo. Higher numbers of endothelial-derived EVs were associated with a greater tendency for clot lysis. Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and diastolic blood pressure independently predicted circulating EV numbers, and EV numbers independently predicted aspects of thrombin generation and clot formation and 10-year CVD risk. Conclusion Circulating EVs were strongly associated with both conventional and thrombogenic risk markers of CVDs, and also with overall CVD risk, highlighting a potentially important role for EVs in CVDs.
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Clusters of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts, CASMERs: membrane platforms for protein assembly in Fas/CD95 signaling and targets in cancer therapy. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1105-1118. [PMID: 35587168 PMCID: PMC9246327 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells show the ability to commit suicide through the activation of death receptors at the cell surface. Death receptors, among which Fas/CD95 is one of their most representative members, lack enzymatic activity, and depend on protein-protein interactions to signal apoptosis. Fas/CD95 death receptor-mediated apoptosis requires the formation of the so-called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), bringing together Fas/CD95, Fas-associated death domain-containing protein and procaspase-8. In the last two decades, cholesterol-rich lipid raft platforms have emerged as scaffolds where Fas/CD95 can be recruited and clustered. The co-clustering of Fas/CD95 and rafts facilitates DISC formation, bringing procaspase-8 molecules to be bunched together in a limited membrane region, and leading to their autoproteolytic activation by oligomerization. Lipid raft platforms serve as a specific region for the clustering of Fas/CD95 and DISC, as well as for the recruitment of additional downstream signaling molecules, thus forming the so-called cluster of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts, or CASMER. These raft/CASMER structures float in the membrane like icebergs, in which the larger portion lies inside the cell and communicates with other subcellular structures to facilitate apoptotic signal transmission. This allows an efficient spatiotemporal compartmentalization of apoptosis signaling machinery during the triggering of cell death. This concept of proapoptotic raft platforms as a basic chemical-biological structure in the regulation of cell death has wide-ranging implications in human biology and disease, as well as in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss how these raft-centered proapoptotic hubs operate as a major linchpin for apoptosis signaling and as a promising target in cancer therapy.
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19
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Marchais M, Gilbert I, Bastien A, Macaulay A, Robert C. Mammalian cumulus-oocyte complex communication: a dialog through long and short distance messaging. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:1011-1025. [PMID: 35499777 PMCID: PMC9107539 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communications are crucial to ovarian follicle development and to ovulation, and while both folliculogenesis and oogenesis are distinct processes, they share highly interdependent signaling pathways. Signals from distant organs such as the brain must be processed and compartments within the follicle have to be synchronized. The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis relies on long-distance signalling analogous to wireless communication by which data is disseminated in the environment and cells equipped with the appropriate receptors receive and interpret the messages. In contrast, direct cell-to-cell transfer of molecules is a very targeted, short distance messaging system. Numerous signalling pathways have been identified and proven to be essential for the production of a developmentally competent egg. The development of the cumulus-oocyte complex relies largely on short distance communications or direct transfer type via extensions of corona radiata cells through the zona pellucida. The type of information transmitted through these transzonal projections is still largely uncharacterized. This review provides an overview of current understanding of the mechanisms by which the gamete receives and transmits information within the follicle. Moreover, it highlights the fact that in addition to the well-known systemic long-distance based communications from the HPG axis, these mechanisms acting more locally should also be considered as important targets for controlling/optimizing oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Marchais
- Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Réseau Québécois en Reproduction (RQR), Pavillon Paul Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gilbert
- Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Réseau Québécois en Reproduction (RQR), Pavillon Paul Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Bastien
- Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Réseau Québécois en Reproduction (RQR), Pavillon Paul Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Angus Macaulay
- Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Réseau Québécois en Reproduction (RQR), Pavillon Paul Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Robert
- Département des sciences animales, Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Réseau Québécois en Reproduction (RQR), Pavillon Paul Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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20
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Lima TSM, Souza W, Geaquinto LRO, Sanches PL, Stepień EL, Meneses J, Fernández-de Gortari E, Meisner-Kober N, Himly M, Granjeiro JM, Ribeiro AR. Nanomaterial Exposure, Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Adverse Cellular Outcomes: A Scoping Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1231. [PMID: 35407349 PMCID: PMC9000848 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The progressively increasing use of nanomaterials (NMs) has awakened issues related to nanosafety and its potential toxic effects on human health. Emerging studies suggest that NMs alter cell communication by reshaping and altering the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), leading to dysfunction in recipient cells. However, there is limited understanding of how the physicochemical characteristics of NMs alter the EV content and their consequent physiological functions. Therefore, this review explored the relevance of EVs in the nanotoxicology field. The current state of the art on how EVs are modulated by NM exposure and the possible regulation and modulation of signaling pathways and physiological responses were assessed in detail. This review followed the manual for reviewers produced by The Joanna Brigs Institute for Scoping Reviews and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. The research question, "Do NMs modulate cellular responses mediated by EVs?" was analyzed following the PECO model (P (Population) = EVs, E (Exposure) = NMs, C (Comparator) = EVs without exposure to NMs, O (Outcome) = Cellular responses/change in EVs) to help methodologically assess the association between exposure and outcome. For each theme in the PECO acronym, keywords were defined, organized, and researched in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, up to 30 September 2021. In vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and clinical studies that analyzed the effect of NMs on EV biogenesis, cargo, and cellular responses were included in the analysis. The methodological quality assessment was conducted using the ToxRTool, ARRIVE guideline, Newcastle Ottawa and the EV-TRACK platform. The search in the referred databases identified 2944 articles. After applying the eligibility criteria and two-step screening, 18 articles were included in the final review. We observed that depending on the concentration and physicochemical characteristics, specific NMs promote a significant increase in EV secretion as well as changes in their cargo, especially regarding the expression of proteins and miRNAs, which, in turn, were involved in biological processes that included cell communication, angiogenesis, and activation of the immune response, etc. Although further studies are necessary, this work suggests that molecular investigations on EVs induced by NM exposure may become a potential tool for toxicological studies since they are widely accessible biomarkers that may form a bridge between NM exposure and the cellular response and pathological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais S. M. Lima
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Souza
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Luths R. O. Geaquinto
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Priscila L. Sanches
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias 25071-202, Brazil
| | - Ewa. L. Stepień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland;
| | - João Meneses
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.M.); (E.F.-d.G.)
| | - Eli Fernández-de Gortari
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.M.); (E.F.-d.G.)
| | - Nicole Meisner-Kober
- Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.M.-K.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Himly
- Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.M.-K.); (M.H.)
| | - José M. Granjeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias 25071-202, Brazil
- Dental School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Ana R. Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.M.); (E.F.-d.G.)
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21
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Rosina M, Ceci V, Turchi R, Chuan L, Borcherding N, Sciarretta F, Sánchez-Díaz M, Tortolici F, Karlinsey K, Chiurchiù V, Fuoco C, Giwa R, Field RL, Audano M, Arena S, Palma A, Riccio F, Shamsi F, Renzone G, Verri M, Crescenzi A, Rizza S, Faienza F, Filomeni G, Kooijman S, Rufini S, de Vries AAF, Scaloni A, Mitro N, Tseng YH, Hidalgo A, Zhou B, Brestoff JR, Aquilano K, Lettieri-Barbato D. Ejection of damaged mitochondria and their removal by macrophages ensure efficient thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Cell Metab 2022; 34:533-548.e12. [PMID: 35305295 PMCID: PMC9039922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have demonstrated that mitochondria can be transferred between cells to control metabolic homeostasis. Although the mitochondria of brown adipocytes comprise a large component of the cell volume and undergo reorganization to sustain thermogenesis, it remains unclear whether an intercellular mitochondrial transfer occurs in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and regulates adaptive thermogenesis. Herein, we demonstrated that thermogenically stressed brown adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain oxidatively damaged mitochondrial parts to avoid failure of the thermogenic program. When re-uptaken by parental brown adipocytes, mitochondria-derived EVs reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ signaling and the levels of mitochondrial proteins, including UCP1. Their removal via the phagocytic activity of BAT-resident macrophages is instrumental in preserving BAT physiology. Depletion of macrophages in vivo causes the abnormal accumulation of extracellular mitochondrial vesicles in BAT, impairing the thermogenic response to cold exposure. These findings reveal a homeostatic role of tissue-resident macrophages in the mitochondrial quality control of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rosina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Neurology Unit, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ceci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Turchi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Li Chuan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - María Sánchez-Díaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Flavia Tortolici
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Keaton Karlinsey
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuoco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocky Giwa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachael L Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Arena
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Riccio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Verri
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Rufini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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22
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Suades R, Padró T, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Platelet-released extracellular vesicles: the effects of thrombin activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:190. [PMID: 35288766 PMCID: PMC8920058 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelets exert fundamental roles in thrombosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis, contributing to different pathologies from cardiovascular diseases to cancer. We previously reported that platelets release extracellular vesicles (pEVs) which contribute to thrombus formation. However, pEV composition remains poorly defined. Indeed, pEV quality and type, rather than quantity, may be relevant in intravascular cross-talk with either circulating or vascular cells. We aimed to define the phenotypic characteristics of pEVs released spontaneously and those induced by thrombin activation to better understand their role in disease dissemination. pEVs obtained from washed platelets from healthy donor blood were characterized by flow cytometry. pEVs from thrombin-activated platelets (T-pEVs) showed higher levels of P-selectin and active form of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa than baseline non-activated platelets (B-pEVs). Following mass spectrometry-based differential proteomic analysis, significant changes in the abundance of proteins secreted in T-pEVs compared to B-pEVs were found. These differential proteins were involved in coagulation, adhesion, cytoskeleton, signal transduction, metabolism, and vesicle-mediated transport. Interestingly, release of proteins relevant for cell adhesion, intrinsic pathway coagulation, and platelet activation signalling was significantly modified by thrombin stimulation. A novel pEV-associated protein (protocadherin-α4) was found to be significantly reduced in T-pEVs showing a shift towards increased expression in the membranes of activated platelets. In summary, platelet activation induced by thrombin triggers the shedding of pEVs with a complex proteomic pattern rich in procoagulant and proadhesive proteins. Crosstalk with other vascular and blood cells in a paracrine regulatory mode could extend the prothrombotic signalling as well as promote proteostasic changes in other cellular types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Yates AG, Pink RC, Erdbrügger U, Siljander PRM, Dellar ER, Pantazi P, Akbar N, Cooke WR, Vatish M, Dias-Neto E, Anthony DC, Couch Y. In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo: Part I: Health and Normal Physiology: Part I: Health and Normal Physiology. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12151. [PMID: 35041249 PMCID: PMC8765331 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously thought to be nothing more than cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now known to mediate physiological and pathological functions throughout the body. We now understand more about their capacity to transfer nucleic acids and proteins between distant organs, the interaction of their surface proteins with target cells, and the role of vesicle‐bound lipids in health and disease. To date, most observations have been made in reductionist cell culture systems, or as snapshots from patient cohorts. The heterogenous population of vesicles produced in vivo likely act in concert to mediate both beneficial and detrimental effects. EVs play crucial roles in both the pathogenesis of diseases, from cancer to neurodegenerative disease, as well as in the maintenance of system and organ homeostasis. This two‐part review draws on the expertise of researchers working in the field of EV biology and aims to cover the functional role of EVs in physiology and pathology. Part I will outline the role of EVs in normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi G Yates
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ryan C Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Pia R-M Siljander
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth R Dellar
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Paschalia Pantazi
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William R Cooke
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics. A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27) Institute of Psychiatry, São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme - Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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24
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Proteomic analysis of necroptotic extracellular vesicles. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1059. [PMID: 34750357 PMCID: PMC8575773 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a regulated and inflammatory form of cell death. We, and others, have previously reported that necroptotic cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs). We have found that necroptotic EVs are loaded with proteins, including the phosphorylated form of the key necroptosis-executing factor, mixed lineage kinase domain-like kinase (MLKL). However, neither the exact protein composition, nor the impact, of necroptotic EVs have been delineated. To characterize their content, EVs from necroptotic and untreated U937 cells were isolated and analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. A total of 3337 proteins were identified, sharing a high degree of similarity with exosome proteome databases, and clearly distinguishing necroptotic and control EVs. A total of 352 proteins were significantly upregulated in the necroptotic EVs. Among these were MLKL and caspase-8, as validated by immunoblot. Components of the ESCRTIII machinery and inflammatory signaling were also upregulated in the necroptotic EVs, as well as currently unreported components of vesicle formation and transport, and necroptotic signaling pathways. Moreover, we found that necroptotic EVs can be phagocytosed by macrophages to modulate cytokine and chemokine secretion. Finally, we uncovered that necroptotic EVs contain tumor neoantigens, and are enriched with components of antigen processing and presentation. In summary, our study reveals a new layer of regulation during the early stage of necroptosis, mediated by the secretion of specific EVs that influences the microenvironment and may instigate innate and adaptive immune responses. This study sheds light on new potential players in necroptotic signaling and its related EVs, and uncovers the functional tasks accomplished by the cargo of these necroptotic EVs.
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25
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Lakk M, Hoffmann GF, Gorusupudi A, Enyong E, Lin A, Bernstein PS, Toft-Bertelsen T, MacAulay N, Elliott MH, Križaj D. Membrane cholesterol regulates TRPV4 function, cytoskeletal expression, and the cellular response to tension. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100145. [PMID: 34710431 PMCID: PMC8633027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the association of cholesterol with debilitating pressure-related diseases such as glaucoma, heart disease, and diabetes, its role in mechanotransduction is not well understood. We investigated the relationship between mechanical strain, free membrane cholesterol, actin cytoskeleton, and the stretch-activated transient receptor potential vanilloid isoform 4 (TRPV4) channel in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Physiological levels of cyclic stretch resulted in time-dependent decreases in membrane cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine ratio and upregulation of stress fibers. Depleting free membrane cholesterol with m-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) augmented TRPV4 activation by the agonist GSK1016790A, swelling and strain, with the effects reversed by cholesterol supplementation. MβCD increased membrane expression of TRPV4, caveolin-1, and flotillin. TRPV4 did not colocalize or interact with caveolae or lipid rafts, apart from a truncated ∼75 kDa variant partially precipitated by a caveolin-1 antibody. MβCD induced currents in TRPV4-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes. Thus, membrane cholesterol regulates trabecular transduction of mechanical information, with TRPV4 channels mainly located outside the cholesterol-enriched membrane domains. Moreover, the biomechanical milieu itself shapes the lipid content of TM membranes. Diet, cholesterol metabolism, and mechanical stress might modulate the conventional outflow pathway and intraocular pressure in glaucoma and diabetes in part by modulating TM mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lakk
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Grace F Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric Enyong
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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26
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Vasconcelos CI, Cronemberger-Andrade A, Souza-Melo N, Maricato JT, Xander P, Batista WL, Soares RP, Schenkman S, Torrecilhas AC. Stress Induces Release of Extracellular Vesicles by Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigotes. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:2939693. [PMID: 34604391 PMCID: PMC8486533 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2939693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All extracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing major surface molecules of the parasite. EV release depends on several mechanisms (internal and external). However, most of the environmental conditions affecting this phenomenon are still unknown. In this work, we evaluated EV release under different stress conditions and their ability to be internalized by the parasites. In addition, we investigated whether the release conditions would affect their immunomodulatory properties in preactivated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Sodium azide and methyl-cyclo-β-dextrin (CDB) reduced EV release, indicating that this phenomenon relies on membrane organization. EV release was increased at low temperatures (4°C) and acidic conditions (pH 5.0). Under this pH, trypomastigotes differentiated into amastigotes. EVs are rapidly liberated and reabsorbed by the trypomastigotes in a concentration-dependent manner. Nitrosative stress caused by sodium nitrite in acid medium or S-nitrosoglutathione also stimulated the secretion of EVs. EVs released under all stress conditions also maintained their proinflammatory activity and increased the expression of iNOS, Arg 1, IL-12, and IL-23 genes in IFN-γ and LPS preactivated BMDM. In conclusion, our results suggest a budding mechanism of release, dependent on the membrane structure and parasite integrity. Stress conditions did not affect functional properties of EVs during interaction with host cells. EV release variations under stress conditions may be a physiological response against environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ioshida Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNIFESP, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Cronemberger-Andrade
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Normanda Souza-Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Terzi Maricato
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu, 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Xander
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNIFESP, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz Batista
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNIFESP, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pedro Soares
- Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ-MG, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-009 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNIFESP, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Millington-Burgess SL, Harper MT. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits release of extracellular vesicles from platelets without inhibiting phosphatidylserine exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17678. [PMID: 34480042 PMCID: PMC8417220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis triggers myocardial infarction and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Procoagulant platelets, a subpopulation of activated platelets that expose phosphatidylserine (PS), promote coagulation and occlusive thrombosis. Procoagulant platelets may therefore be a therapeutic target. PS exposure in procoagulant platelets requires TMEM16F, a phospholipid scramblase. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been reported to inhibit TMEM16F but this has been challenged. We investigated whether EGCG inhibits PS exposure in procoagulant platelets. PS exposure is often measured using fluorophore-conjugated annexin V. EGCG quenched annexin V-FITC fluorescence, which gives the appearance of inhibition of PS exposure. However, EGCG did not quench annexin V-APC fluorescence. Using this fluorophore, we show that EGCG does not inhibit annexin V binding to procoagulant platelets. We confirmed this by using NBD-labelled PS to monitor PS scrambling. EGCG did not quench NBD fluorescence and did not inhibit PS scrambling. Procoagulant platelets also release PS-exposing extracellular vesicles (EVs) that further propagate coagulation. Surprisingly, EGCG inhibited EV release. This inhibition required the gallate group of EGCG. In conclusion, EGCG does not inhibit PS exposure in procoagulant platelets but does inhibit the EV release. Future investigation of this inhibition may help us further understand how EVs are released by procoagulant platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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28
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Mańka R, Janas P, Sapoń K, Janas T, Janas T. Role of RNA Motifs in RNA Interaction with Membrane Lipid Rafts: Implications for Therapeutic Applications of Exosomal RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9416. [PMID: 34502324 PMCID: PMC8431113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA motifs may promote interactions with exosomes (EXO-motifs) and lipid rafts (RAFT-motifs) that are enriched in exosomal membranes. These interactions can promote selective RNA loading into exosomes. We quantified the affinity between RNA aptamers containing various EXO- and RAFT-motifs and membrane lipid rafts in a liposome model of exosomes by determining the dissociation constants. Analysis of the secondary structure of RNA molecules provided data about the possible location of EXO- and RAFT-motifs within the RNA structure. The affinity of RNAs containing RAFT-motifs (UUGU, UCCC, CUCC, CCCU) and some EXO-motifs (CCCU, UCCU) to rafted liposomes is higher in comparison to aptamers without these motifs, suggesting direct RNA-exosome interaction. We have confirmed these results through the determination of the dissociation constant values of exosome-RNA aptamer complexes. RNAs containing EXO-motifs GGAG or UGAG have substantially lower affinity to lipid rafts, suggesting indirect RNA-exosome interaction via RNA binding proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed RNA aptamers containing both raft- and miRNA-binding motifs and involvement of raft-binding motifs UCCCU and CUCCC. A strategy is proposed for using functional RNA aptamers (fRNAa) containing both RAFT-motif and a therapeutic motif (e.g., miRNA inhibitor) to selectively introduce RNAs into exosomes for fRNAa delivery to target cells for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Mańka
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (R.M.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Pawel Janas
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Karolina Sapoń
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (R.M.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (R.M.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tadeusz Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland; (R.M.); (K.S.); (T.J.)
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29
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Matsumoto A, Takahashi Y, Ogata K, Kitamura S, Nakagawa N, Yamamoto A, Ishihama Y, Takakura Y. Phosphatidylserine-deficient small extracellular vesicle is a major somatic cell-derived sEV subpopulation in blood. iScience 2021; 24:102839. [PMID: 34368655 PMCID: PMC8326202 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication with respect to diverse pathophysiological processes. Here, we determined novel phosphatidylserine (PS)-deficient sEV subpopulations as a major somatic cell-derived sEV subpopulation in blood because of long blood circulation half-life through escape from macrophage uptake. PS(-)-sEVs were identified in various cultured cells as a minor population. However, as a result of rapid uptake of PS(+)-sEVs by macrophages, circulating somatic cell-derived sEVs in the blood were found to be mainly PS(-)-sEVs. These results suggest that endogenous PS(-)-sEVs could indeed be the key player in sEV-mediated intercellular communication, a good target for sEV-based diagnosis, and a potent candidate for sEV-based drug delivery. Our findings bring a paradigm shift in the understanding of the biology and translational applications of sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kitamura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Aki Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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30
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Supramaximal calcium signaling triggers procoagulant platelet formation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:154-164. [PMID: 31935287 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Procoagulant platelets promote thrombin generation during thrombosis. Platelets become procoagulant in an all-or-nothing manner. We investigated how distinct Ca2+ signaling between platelet subpopulations commits some platelets to become procoagulant, using the high-affinity Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4, which may become saturated during platelet stimulation, or low-affinity Fluo-5N, which reports only very high cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. All activated platelets had high Fluo-4 fluorescence. However, in Fluo-5N-loaded platelets, only the procoagulant platelets had high fluorescence, indicating very high cytosolic Ca2+. This finding indicates a novel, "supramaximal" Ca2+ signal in procoagulant platelets (ie, much higher than normally considered maximal). Supramaximal Ca2+ signaling and the percentage of procoagulant platelets were inhibited by cyclosporin A, a mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker, and Ru360, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, with no effect on Fluo-4 fluorescence. In contrast, Synta-66, an Orai1 blocker, reduced Fluo-4 fluorescence but did not directly inhibit generation of the supramaximal Ca2+ signal. Our findings show a distinct pattern of Ca2+ signaling in procoagulant platelets and provide a new framework to interpret the role of platelet signaling pathways in procoagulant platelets. This requires reassessment of the role of different Ca2+ channels and may provide new targets to prevent formation of procoagulant platelets and limit thrombosis.
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31
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Oggero S, de Gaetano M, Marcone S, Fitzsimons S, Pinto AL, Ikramova D, Barry M, Burke D, Montero-Melendez T, Cooper D, Burgoyne T, Belton O, Norling LV, Brennan EP, Godson C, Perretti M. Extracellular vesicles from monocyte/platelet aggregates modulate human atherosclerotic plaque reactivity. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:12084. [PMID: 33936566 PMCID: PMC8077084 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key players in different stages of atherosclerosis. Here we provide evidence that EVs released by mixed aggregates of monocytes and platelets in response to TNF‐α display pro‐inflammatory actions on endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaques. Tempering platelet activation with Iloprost, Aspirin or a P2Y12 inhibitor impacted quantity and phenotype of EV produced. Proteomics of EVs from cells activated with TNF‐α alone or in the presence of Iloprost revealed a distinct composition, with interesting hits like annexin‐A1 and gelsolin. When added to human atherosclerotic plaque explants, EVs from TNF‐α stimulated monocytes augmented release of cytokines. In contrast, EVs generated by TNF‐α together with Iloprost produced minimal plaque activation. Notably, patients with coronary artery disease that required percutaneous coronary intervention had elevated plasma numbers of monocyte, platelet as well as double positive EV subsets. In conclusion, EVs released following monocyte/platelet activation may play a potential role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Whereas attenuating platelet activation modifies EV composition released from monocyte/platelet aggregates, curbing their pro‐inflammatory actions may offer therapeutic avenues for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Oggero
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Simone Marcone
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Stephen Fitzsimons
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Dinara Ikramova
- School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Mary Barry
- Department of Vascular Surgery St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - David Burke
- Department of Vascular Surgery St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Trinidad Montero-Melendez
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London London UK
| | - Orina Belton
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Lucy V Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Eoin P Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
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32
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Roka-Moiia Y, Ammann KR, Miller-Gutierrez S, Sweedo A, Palomares D, Italiano J, Sheriff J, Bluestein D, Slepian MJ. Shear-mediated platelet activation in the free flow II: Evolving mechanobiological mechanisms reveal an identifiable signature of activation and a bi-directional platelet dyscrasia with thrombotic and bleeding features. J Biomech 2021; 123:110415. [PMID: 34052772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Shear-mediated platelet activation (SMPA) in the "free flow" is the net result of a range of cell mechanobiological mechanisms. Previously, we outlined three main groups of mechanisms including: 1) mechano-destruction - i.e. additive platelet (membrane) damage; 2) mechano-activation - i.e. activation of shear-sensitive ion channels and pores; and 3) mechano-transduction - i.e. "outside-in" signaling via a range of transducers. Here, we report on recent advances since our original report which describes additional features of SMPA. A clear "signature" of SMPA has been defined, allowing differentiation from biochemically-mediated activation. Notably, SMPA is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, platelet membrane eversion, externalization of anionic phospholipids, and increased thrombin generation on the platelet surface. However, SMPA does not lead to integrin αIIbβ3 activation or P-selectin exposure due to platelet degranulation, as is commonly observed in biochemical activation. Rather, downregulation of GPIb, αIIbβ3, and P-selectin surface expression is evident. Furthermore, SMPA is accompanied by a decrease in overall platelet size coupled with a concomitant, progressive increase in microparticle generation. Shear-ejected microparticles are highly enriched in GPIb and αIIbβ3. These observations indicate the enhanced diffusion, migration, or otherwise dispersion of platelet adhesion receptors to membrane zones, which are ultimately shed as receptor-rich PDMPs. The pathophysiological consequence of this progressive shear accumulation phenomenon is an associated dyscrasia of remaining platelets - being both reduced in size and less activatable via biochemical means - a tendency to favor bleeding, while concomitantly shed microparticles are highly prothrombotic and increase the tendency for thrombosis in both local and systemic milieu. These mechanisms and observations offer direct clinical utility in allowing measurement and guidance of the net balance of platelet driven events in patients with implanted cardiovascular therapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Roka-Moiia
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Kaitlyn R Ammann
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Samuel Miller-Gutierrez
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Alice Sweedo
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Daniel Palomares
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Joseph Italiano
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jawaad Sheriff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, United States
| | - Danny Bluestein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, United States
| | - Marvin J Slepian
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, United States; Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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33
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Chu Y, Guo H, Zhang Y, Qiao R. Procoagulant platelets: Generation, characteristics, and therapeutic target. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23750. [PMID: 33709517 PMCID: PMC8128296 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a pivotal role in hemostasis. Activated platelets are classified into two groups, according to their agonist response: aggregating and procoagulant platelets. Aggregating platelets consist of activated integrin αIIbβ3 and stretch out pseudopods to further attract platelets to the site of injury by connecting with fibrinogen. They mainly gather in the core of the thrombus and perform a secretory function, such as releasing adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Procoagulant platelets promote the formation of thrombin and fibrin by interacting with coagulation factors and can thus be considered as the connector between primary and secondary hemostasis. In addition to their functions in blood coagulation, procoagulant platelets play a proinflammatory role by releasing platelet microparticles and inorganic polyphosphate. Considering these important functions of procoagulant platelets, this subpopulation warrants detailed study to analyze their potential in preventing human diseases. This review summarizes the generation and important characteristics of procoagulant platelets, as well as their potential for preventing the adverse effects associated with current antiplatelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Chu
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Guo
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Zhang
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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34
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicles As Biomarkers and Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030388. [PMID: 33808038 PMCID: PMC8001426 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are composed of a lipid bilayer containing transmembrane and soluble proteins. Subtypes of EVs include ectosomes (microparticles/microvesicles), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies that can be released by various tissues into biological fluids. EV cargo can modulate physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells through near- and long-distance intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that origin, amount, and internal cargos (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) of EVs are variable under different pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The early detection and management of CVD reduce premature morbidity and mortality. Circulating EVs have attracted great interest as a potential biomarker for diagnostics and follow-up of CVD. This review highlights the role of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic follow-up of CVD, and also for drug delivery. Despite the great potential of EVs as a tool to study the pathophysiology of CVD, further studies are needed to increase the spectrum of EV-associated applications.
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35
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Cheon SY, Lee JE. Extracellular Vesicles and Immune System in Ageing and Immune Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:32-47. [PMID: 33632983 PMCID: PMC7926047 DOI: 10.5607/en20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system is essential for host homeostasis. Immune cells communicate with each other by binding to receptors or by releasing vesicles including chemokines and cytokines. Under healthy circumstances, immune cell-derived factors are critical for cellular growth, division and function, whereas under conditions such as ageing and inflammatory states, they can aggravate pathologies and cause disease. Cell-derived membranous extracellular vesicles mediate cell-to-cell communication and are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes involving ageing and age-related diseases. Extracellular vesicles are responsible for spreading detrimental factors to the surroundings and the propagation phase of inflammatory diseases. The regulation of extracellular vesicles is a putative target for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, their features are ideal for developing biomarkers and drug delivery systems modulated by bioengineering in inflammatory diseases. The present review summarizes the current understanding of extracellular vesicles in ageing and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Cheon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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36
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Abstract
Platelets are the major cellular contributor to arterial thrombosis. However, activated platelets form two distinct subpopulations during thrombosis. Pro-aggregatory platelets aggregate to form the main body of the thrombus. In contrast, procoagulant platelets expose phosphatidylserine on their outer surface and promote thrombin generation. This apparently all-or-nothing segregation into subpopulations indicates that, during activation, platelets commit to becoming procoagulant or pro-aggregatory. Although the signaling pathways that control this commitment are not understood, distinct cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in different subpopulations are likely to be central. In this review, we discuss how these Ca2+ signals control procoagulant platelet formation and whether this process can be targeted pharmacologically to prevent arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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37
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Flagging fusion: Phosphatidylserine signaling in cell-cell fusion. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100411. [PMID: 33581114 PMCID: PMC8005811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formations of myofibers, osteoclasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and fertilized zygotes share a common step, cell–cell fusion. Recent years have brought about considerable progress in identifying some of the proteins involved in these and other cell-fusion processes. However, even for the best-characterized cell fusions, we still do not know the mechanisms that regulate the timing of cell-fusion events. Are they fully controlled by the expression of fusogenic proteins or do they also depend on some triggering signal that activates these proteins? The latter scenario would be analogous to the mechanisms that control the timing of exocytosis initiated by Ca2+ influx and virus-cell fusion initiated by low pH- or receptor interaction. Diverse cell fusions are accompanied by the nonapoptotic exposure of phosphatidylserine at the surface of fusing cells. Here we review data on the dependence of membrane remodeling in cell fusion on phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylserine-recognizing proteins and discuss the hypothesis that cell surface phosphatidylserine serves as a conserved “fuse me” signal regulating the time and place of cell-fusion processes.
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38
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Roka-Moiia Y, Miller-Gutierrez S, Palomares DE, Italiano JE, Sheriff J, Bluestein D, Slepian MJ. Platelet Dysfunction During Mechanical Circulatory Support: Elevated Shear Stress Promotes Downregulation of α IIbβ 3 and GPIb via Microparticle Shedding Decreasing Platelet Aggregability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1319-1336. [PMID: 33567867 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Roka-Moiia
- Department of Medicine (Y.R.-M., S.M.-G.), Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Samuel Miller-Gutierrez
- Department of Medicine (Y.R.-M., S.M.-G.), Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Daniel E Palomares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (D.E.P., M.J.S.), Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.I.)
| | - Jawaad Sheriff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (J.S., D.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Danny Bluestein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (J.S., D.B., M.J.S.)
| | - Marvin J Slepian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (D.E.P., M.J.S.), Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (J.S., D.B., M.J.S.)
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39
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Parada N, Romero-Trujillo A, Georges N, Alcayaga-Miranda F. Camouflage strategies for therapeutic exosomes evasion from phagocytosis. J Adv Res 2021; 31:61-74. [PMID: 34194832 PMCID: PMC8240105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though exosome-based therapy has been shown to be able to control the progression of different pathologies, the data revealed by pharmacokinetic studies warn of the low residence time of exogenous exosomes in circulation that can hinder the clinical translation of therapeutic exosomes. The macrophages related to the organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system are responsible primarily for the rapid clearance and retention of exosomes, which strongly limits the amount of exosomal particles available to reach the target tissue, accumulate in it and release with high efficiency its therapeutic cargo in acceptor target cells to exert the desired biological effect. Aim of review Endowing exosomes with surface modifications to evade the immune system is a plausible strategy to contribute to the suppression of exosomal clearance and increase the efficiency of their targeted content delivery. Here, we summarize the current evidence about the mechanisms underlying the recognition and sequestration of therapeutic exosomes by phagocytic cells. Also, we propose different strategies to generate 'invisible' exosomes for the immune system, through the incorporation of different anti-phagocytic molecules on the exosomes’ surface that allow increasing the circulating half-life of therapeutic exosomes with the purpose to increase their bioavailability to reach the target tissue, transfer their therapeutic molecular cargo and improve their efficacy profile. Key scientific concepts of review Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis are the main responsible behind the short half-life in circulation of systemically injected exosomes, hindering their therapeutic effect. Exosomes ‘Camouflage Cloak’ strategy using antiphagocytic molecules can contribute to the inhibition of exosomal clearance, hence, increasing the on-target effect. Some candidate molecules that could exert an antiphagocytic role are CD47, CD24, CD44, CD31, β2M, PD-L1, App1, and DHMEQ. Pre- and post-isolation methods for exosome engineering are compatible with the loading of therapeutic cargo and the expression of antiphagocytic surface molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Parada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso Romero-Trujillo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Georges
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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40
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Ni K, Wang C, Carnino JM, Jin Y. The Evolving Role of Caveolin-1: A Critical Regulator of Extracellular Vesicles. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:medsci8040046. [PMID: 33158117 PMCID: PMC7712126 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in mediating intercellular communication and inter-organ crosstalk both at normal physiological conditions and in the pathogenesis of human diseases. EV cargos are made up of a broad spectrum of molecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and microRNAs. The complex EV cargo composition is cell type-specific. A dynamic change in EV cargos occurs along with extracellular stimuli and a change in the pathophysiological status of the host. Currently, the underlying mechanisms by which EVs are formed and EV cargos are selected in the absence and presence of noxious stimuli and pathogens remain incompletely explored. The term EVs refers to a heterogeneous group of vesicles generated via different mechanisms. Some EVs are formed via direct membrane budding, while the others are produced through multivesicular bodies (MVBs) or during apoptosis. Despite the complexity of EV formation and EV cargo selection, recent studies suggest that caveolin-1, a well-known structural protein of caveolae, regulates the formation and cargo selection of some EVs, such as microvesicles (MVs). In this article, we will review the current understanding of this emerging and novel role of cav-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Jin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-1356; Fax: +1-617-536-8093
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41
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Rosas M, Slatter DA, Obaji SG, Webber JP, Alvarez-Jarreta J, Thomas CP, Aldrovandi M, Tyrrell VJ, Jenkins PV, O’Donnell VB, Collins PW. The procoagulant activity of tissue factor expressed on fibroblasts is increased by tissue factor-negative extracellular vesicles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240189. [PMID: 33031441 PMCID: PMC7544082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is critical for the activation of blood coagulation. TF function is regulated by the amount of externalised phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the surface of the cell in which it is expressed. We investigated the role PS and PE in fibroblast TF function. Fibroblasts expressed 6–9 x 104 TF molecules/cell but had low specific activity for FXa generation. We confirmed that this was associated with minimal externalized PS and PE and characterised for the first time the molecular species of PS/PE demonstrating that these differed from those found in platelets. Mechanical damage of fibroblasts, used to simulate vascular injury, increased externalized PS/PE and led to a 7-fold increase in FXa generation that was inhibited by annexin V and an anti-TF antibody. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), that did not express TF, supported minimal FVIIa-dependent FXa generation but substantially increased fibroblast TF activity. This enhancement in fibroblast TF activity could also be achieved using synthetic liposomes comprising 10% PS without TF. In conclusion, despite high levels of surface TF expression, healthy fibroblasts express low levels of external-facing PS and PE limiting their ability to generate FXa. Addition of platelet-derived TF-negative EVs or artificial liposomes enhanced fibroblast TF activity in a PS dependent manner. These findings contribute information about the mechanisms that control TF function in the fibroblast membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rosas
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Slatter
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Samya G. Obaji
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Webber
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P. Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Tyrrell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter V. Jenkins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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42
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Lin X, Wu K, Zhou Q, Jain P, Boit MO, Li B, Hung HC, Creason SA, Himmelfarb J, Ratner BD, Jiang S. Photoreactive Carboxybetaine Copolymers Impart Biocompatibility and Inhibit Plasticizer Leaching on Polyvinyl Chloride. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41026-41037. [PMID: 32876425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein and cell interactions on implanted, blood-contacting medical device surfaces can lead to adverse biological reactions. Medical-grade poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials have been used for decades, particularly as blood-contacting tubes and containers. However, there are numerous concerns with their performance including platelet activation, complement activation, and thrombin generation and also leaching of plasticizers, particularly in clinical applications. Here, we report a surface modification method that can dramatically prevent blood protein adsorption, human platelet activation, and complement activation on commercial medical-grade PVC materials under various test conditions. The surface modification can be accomplished through simple dip-coating followed by light illumination utilizing biocompatible polymers comprising zwitterionic carboxybetaine (CB) moieties and photosensitive cross-linking moieties. This surface treatment can be manufactured routinely at small or large scales and can impart to commercial PVC materials superhydrophilicity and nonfouling capability. Furthermore, the polymer effectively prevented leaching of plasticizers out from commercial medical-grade PVC materials. This coating technique is readily applicable to many other polymers and medical devices requiring surfaces that will enhance performance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Priyesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mary O'Kelly Boit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sharon A Creason
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Buddy D Ratner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Penkauskas T, Zentelyte A, Ganpule S, Valincius G, Preta G. Pleiotropic effects of statins via interaction with the lipid bilayer: A combined approach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Weber EA, Singh MV, Singh VB, Jackson JW, Ture SK, Suwunnakorn S, Morrell CN, Maggirwar SB. Novel Mechanism of Microvesicle Regulation by the Antiviral Protein Tetherin During HIV Infection. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015998. [PMID: 32819189 PMCID: PMC7660781 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.015998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Microvesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles that have been shown to augment inflammation. Specifically, monocyte-derived microvesicles (MDMVs), which can express the coagulation protein tissue factor, contribute to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease. People living with HIV experience higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and also exhibit increased levels of plasma microvesicles. The process of microvesicle release has striking similarity to budding of enveloped viruses. The surface protein tetherin inhibits viral budding by physically tethering budding virus particles to cells. Hence, we investigated the role of tetherin in regulating the release of MDMVs during HIV infection. Methods and Results The plasma of aviremic HIV-infected individuals had increased levels of tissue factor + MDMVs, as measured by flow cytometry, and correlated to reduced tetherin expression on monocytes. Superresolution confocal and electron microscopy showed that tetherin localized at the site of budding MDMVs. Mechanistic studies revealed that the exposure of monocytes to HIV-encoded Tat triggered tetherin loss and subsequent rise in MDMV production. Overexpression of tetherin in monocytes led to morphologic changes in the pseudopodia directly underneath the MDMVs. Further, tetherin knockout mice demonstrated a higher number of circulating MDMVs and less time to bleeding cessation. Conclusions Our studies define a novel regulatory mechanism of MDMV release through tetherin and explore its contribution to the procoagulatory state that is frequently observed in people with HIV. Such insights could lead to improved therapies for individuals infected with HIV and also for those with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Weber
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Meera V. Singh
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Vir B. Singh
- Department of Basic and Clinical SciencesAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesRochesterNY
| | - Joseph W. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sara K. Ture
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sumanun Suwunnakorn
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
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Komatsuya K, Kaneko K, Kasahara K. Function of Platelet Glycosphingolipid Microdomains/Lipid Rafts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155539. [PMID: 32748854 PMCID: PMC7432685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are dynamic assemblies of glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and specific proteins which are stabilized into platforms involved in the regulation of vital cellular processes. The rafts at the cell surface play important functions in signal transduction. Recent reports have demonstrated that lipid rafts are spatially and compositionally heterogeneous in the single-cell membrane. In this review, we summarize our recent data on living platelets using two specific probes of raft components: lysenin as a probe of sphingomyelin-rich rafts and BCθ as a probe of cholesterol-rich rafts. Sphingomyelin-rich rafts that are spatially and functionally distinct from the cholesterol-rich rafts were found at spreading platelets. Fibrin is translocated to sphingomyelin-rich rafts and platelet sphingomyelin-rich rafts act as platforms where extracellular fibrin and intracellular actomyosin join to promote clot retraction. On the other hand, the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI is known to be translocated to cholesterol-rich rafts during platelet adhesion to collagen. Furthermore, the functional roles of platelet glycosphingolipids and platelet raft-binding proteins including G protein-coupled receptors, stomatin, prohibitin, flotillin, and HflK/C-domain protein family, tetraspanin family, and calcium channels are discussed.
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46
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Millington-Burgess SL, Bonna AM, Rahman T, Harper MT. Ethaninidothioic acid (R5421) is not a selective inhibitor of platelet phospholipid scramblase activity. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4007-4020. [PMID: 32496597 PMCID: PMC7429475 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Ethaninidothioic acid (R5421) has been used as a scramblase inhibitor to determine the role of phospholipid scrambling across a range of systems including platelet procoagulant activity. The selectivity of R5421 has not been thoroughly studied. Here, we characterised the effects of R5421 on platelet function and its suitability for use as a scramblase inhibitor. Experimental Approach Human platelet activation was measured following pretreatment with R5421 and stimulation with a range of agonists. Phosphatidylserine exposure was measured using annexin V binding. Integrin αIIbβ3 activation and α‐granule release were measured by flow cytometry. Cytosolic Ca2+ signals were measured using Cal520 fluorescence. An in silico ligand‐based screen identified 16 compounds which were tested in these assays. Key Results R5421 inhibited A23187‐induced phosphatidylserine exposure in a time‐ and temperature‐dependent manner. R5421 inhibited Ca2+ signalling from the PAR1, PAR4 and glycoprotein VI receptors as well as platelet αIIbβ3 integrin activation and α‐granule release. R5421 is therefore not a selective inhibitor of platelet scramblase activity. An in silico screen identified the pesticide thiodicarb as similar to R5421. It also inhibited platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, Ca2+ signalling from the PAR1 and glycoprotein VI, αIIbβ3 activation and α‐granule release. Thiodicarb additionally disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis in unstimulated platelets. Conclusion and Implications R5421 is not a selective inhibitor of platelet scramblase activity. We have identified the pesticide thiodicarb, which had similar effects on platelet function to R5421 as well as additional disruption of Ca2+ signalling which may underlie some of thiodicarb's toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Mariscal J, Vagner T, Kim M, Zhou B, Chin A, Zandian M, Freeman MR, You S, Zijlstra A, Yang W, Di Vizio D. Comprehensive palmitoyl-proteomic analysis identifies distinct protein signatures for large and small cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1764192. [PMID: 32944167 PMCID: PMC7448892 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1764192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles that play an important role in cancer progression and have emerged as a promising source of circulating biomarkers. Protein S-acylation, frequently called palmitoylation, has been proposed as a post-translational mechanism that modulates the dynamics of EV biogenesis and protein cargo sorting. However, technical challenges have limited large-scale profiling of the whole palmitoyl-proteins of EVs. We successfully employed a novel approach that combines low-background acyl-biotinyl exchange (LB-ABE) with label-free proteomics to analyse the palmitoyl-proteome of large EVs (L-EVs) and small EVs (S-EVs) from prostate cancer cells. Here we report the first palmitoyl-protein signature of EVs, and demonstrate that L- and S-EVs harbour proteins associated with distinct biological processes and subcellular origin. We identified STEAP1, STEAP2, and ABCC4 as prostate cancer-specific palmitoyl-proteins abundant in both EV populations. Importantly, localization of the above proteins in EVs was reduced upon inhibition of palmitoylation in the producing cells. Our results suggest that this post-translational modification may play a role in the sorting of the EV-bound secretome and possibly enable selective detection of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mariscal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tatyana Vagner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Chin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mandana Zandian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Targeting of Intracellular TMEM16 Proteins to the Plasma Membrane and Activation by Purinergic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114065. [PMID: 32517157 PMCID: PMC7312528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoctamins such as TMEM16A and TMEM16B are Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels activated through purinergic receptor signaling. TMEM16A (ANO1), TMEM16B (ANO2) and TMEM16F (ANO6) are predominantly expressed at the plasma membrane and are therefore well accessible for functional studies. While TMEM16A and TMEM16B form halide-selective ion channels, TMEM16F and probably TMEM16E operate as phospholipid scramblases and nonselective ion channels. Other TMEM16 paralogs are expressed mainly in intracellular compartments and are therefore difficult to study at the functional level. Here, we report that TMEM16E (ANO5), -H (ANO8), -J (ANO9) and K (ANO10) are targeted to the plasma membrane when fused to a C-terminal CAAX (cysteine, two aliphatic amino acids plus methionin, serine, alanin, cystein or glutamin) motif. These paralogs produce Ca2+-dependent ion channels. Surprisingly, expression of the TMEM16 paralogs in the plasma membrane did not produce additional scramblase activity. In contrast, endogenous scrambling induced by stimulation of purinergic P2X7 receptors was attenuated, in parallel with reduced plasma membrane blebbing. This could suggest that intracellular TMEM16 paralogs operate differently when compared to plasma membrane-localized TMEM16F, and may even stabilize intracellular membranes. Alternatively, CAAX tagging, which leads to expression in non-raft compartments of the plasma membrane, may antagonize phosphatidylserine exposure by endogenous raft-located TMEM16F. CAAX-containing constructs may be useful to further investigate the molecular properties of intracellular TMEM16 proteins.
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Zwitterionic carboxybetaine polymers extend the shelf-life of human platelets. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:51-60. [PMID: 32251778 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The shelf-life of human platelets preserved in vitro for therapeutic transfusion is limited because of bacterial contamination and platelet storage lesion (PSL). The PSL is the predominant factor and limiting unfavorable interactions between the platelets and the non-biocompatible storage bag surfaces is the key to alleviate PSL. Here we describe a surface modification method for biocompatible platelet storage bags that dramatically extends platelet shelf-life beyond the current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards of 5 days. The surface coating of the bags can be achieved through a simple yet effective dip-coating and light-irradiation method using a biocompatible polymer. The biocompatible polymers with tunable functional groups can be routinely fabricated at any scale and impart super-hydrophilicity and non-fouling capability on commercial hydrophobic platelet storage bags. As critical parameters reflecting the platelets quality, the activation level and binding affinity with von Willebrand factor (VWF) of the platelets stored in the biocompatible platelet bags at 8 days are comparable with those in the commercial bags at 5 days. This technique also demonstrates promise for a wide range of medical and engineering applications requiring biocompatible surfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current standard platelet preservation techniques agitate platelets at room temperature (20-24 °C) inside a hydrophobic (e.g., polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) storage bag, thereby allowing preservation of platelets only for 5 days. A key factor leading to quality loss is the unfavorable interaction between the platelets and the non-biocompatible storage bag surfaces. Here, a surface modification method for biocompatible platelet storage bags has been created to dramatically extend platelet shelf-life beyond the current FDA standards of 5 days. The surface coating of the bags can be achieved via a simple yet effective dip-coating and light-irradiation method using a carboxybetaine polymer. This technique is also applicable to many other applications requiring biocompatible surfaces.
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50
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Milasan A, Farhat M, Martel C. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Prognostic Markers of Lymphatic Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:476. [PMID: 32523544 PMCID: PMC7261898 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant efforts made to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD), more than half of cardiovascular events still occur in asymptomatic subjects devoid of traditional risk factors. These observations underscore the need for the identification of new biomarkers for the prevention of atherosclerosis, the main underlying cause of CVD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lymphatic vessel function are emerging targets in this context. EVs are small vesicles released by cells upon activation or death that are present in several biological tissues and fluids, including blood and lymph. They interact with surrounding cells to transfer their cargo, and the complexity of their biological content makes these EVs potential key players in several chronic inflammatory settings. Many studies focused on the interaction of EVs with the most well-known players of atherosclerosis such as the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle cells and monocytes. However, the fate of EVs within the lymphatic network, a crucial route in the mobilization of cholesterol out the artery wall, is not known. In this review, we aim to bring forward evidence that EVs could be at the interplay between lymphatic function and atherosclerosis by summarizing the recent findings on the characterization of EVs in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maya Farhat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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