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Mondal T, Gaur H, Wamba BEN, Michalak AG, Stout C, Watson MR, Aleixo SL, Singh A, Condello S, Faller R, Leiserowitz GS, Bhatnagar S, Tushir-Singh J. Characterizing the regulatory Fas (CD95) epitope critical for agonist antibody targeting and CAR-T bystander function in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2408-2431. [PMID: 37838774 PMCID: PMC10657439 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is the most critical step to activate extrinsic apoptosis by death receptors belonging to the TNF superfamily. Although clinically unsuccessful, using agonist antibodies, the death receptors-5 remains extensively studied from a cancer therapeutics perspective. However, despite its regulatory role and elevated function in ovarian and other solid tumors, another tumor-enriched death receptor called Fas (CD95) remained undervalued in cancer immunotherapy until recently, when its role in off-target tumor killing by CAR-T therapies was imperative. By comprehensively analyzing structure studies in the context of the binding epitope of FasL and various preclinical Fas agonist antibodies, we characterize a highly significant patch of positively charged residue epitope (PPCR) in its cysteine-rich domain 2 of Fas. PPCR engagement is indispensable for superior Fas agonist signaling and CAR-T bystander function in ovarian tumor models. A single-point mutation in FasL or Fas that interferes with the PPCR engagement inhibited apoptotic signaling in tumor cells and T cells. Furthermore, considering that clinical and immunological features of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) are directly attributed to homozygous mutations in FasL, we reveal differential mechanistic details of FasL/Fas clustering at the PPCR interface compared to described ALPS mutations. As Fas-mediated bystander killing remains vital to the success of CAR-T therapies in tumors, our findings highlight the therapeutic analytical design for potentially effective Fas-targeting strategies using death agonism to improve cancer immunotherapy in ovarian and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Himanshu Gaur
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brice E N Wamba
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Abby Grace Michalak
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Camryn Stout
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Watson
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sophia L Aleixo
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Condello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gary Scott Leiserowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Ovarian Cancer Academy Early Career Investigator at UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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2
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Therapeutic targeting of TRAIL death receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:57-70. [PMID: 36629496 PMCID: PMC9988005 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) along with its potent and selective antitumor effects initiated a decades-long search for therapeutic strategies to target the TRAIL pathway. First-generation approaches were focused on the development of TRAIL receptor agonists (TRAs), including recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) and TRAIL receptor-targeted agonistic antibodies. While such TRAIL pathway-targeted therapies showed promise in preclinical data and clinical trials have been conducted, none have advanced to FDA approval. Subsequent second-generation approaches focused on improving upon the specific limitations of first-generation approaches by ameliorating the pharmacokinetic profiles and agonistic abilities of TRAs as well as through combinatorial approaches to circumvent resistance. In this review, we summarize the successes and shortcomings of first- and second-generation TRAIL pathway-based therapies, concluding with an overview of the discovery and clinical introduction of ONC201, a compound with a unique mechanism of action that represents a new generation of TRAIL pathway-based approaches. We discuss preclinical and clinical findings in different tumor types and provide a unique perspective on translational directions of the field.
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3
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Du G, Zhao L, Zheng Y, Belfetmi A, Cai T, Xu B, Heyninck K, Van Den Heede K, Buyse MA, Fontana P, Bowman M, Lin LL, Wu H, Chou JJ. Autoinhibitory structure of preligand association state implicates a new strategy to attain effective DR5 receptor activation. Cell Res 2023; 33:131-146. [PMID: 36604598 PMCID: PMC9892523 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) are important therapeutic targets that can be activated to induce death of cancer cells or stimulate proliferation of immune cells. Although it has long been implicated that these receptors assemble preligand associated states that are required for dominant interference in human disease, such states have so far eluded structural characterization. Here, we find that the ectodomain of death receptor 5 (DR5-ECD), a representative member of TNFRSF, can specifically self-associate when anchored to lipid bilayer, and we report this self-association structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Unexpectedly, two non-overlapping interaction interfaces are identified that could propagate to higher-order clusters. Structure-guided mutagenesis indicates that the observed preligand association structure is represented on DR5-expressing cells. The DR5 preligand association serves an autoinhibitory role as single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) that partially dissociate the preligand cluster can sensitize the receptor to its ligand TRAIL and even induce substantial receptor signaling in the absence of TRAIL. Unlike most agonistic antibodies that require multivalent binding to aggregate receptors for activation, these agonistic sdAbs are monovalent and act specifically on an oligomeric, autoinhibitory configuration of the receptor. Our data indicate that receptors such as DR5 can form structurally defined preclusters incompatible with signaling and that true agonists should disrupt the preligand cluster while converting it to signaling-productive cluster. This mechanism enhances our understanding of a long-standing question in TNFRSF signaling and suggests a new opportunity for developing agonistic molecules by targeting receptor preligand clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Du
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Zheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anissa Belfetmi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boying Xu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Pietro Fontana
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Bowman
- Checkpoint Immunology, Immunology & Inflammation, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Checkpoint Immunology, Immunology & Inflammation, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - James Jeiwen Chou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Targeting TRAIL Death Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers: Challenges and Strategies for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233717. [PMID: 36496977 PMCID: PMC9739296 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in cancer cells via death receptor (DR) activation with little toxicity to normal cells or tissues. The selectivity for activating apoptosis in cancer cells confers an ideal therapeutic characteristic to TRAIL, which has led to the development and clinical testing of many DR agonists. However, TRAIL/DR targeting therapies have been widely ineffective in clinical trials of various malignancies for reasons that remain poorly understood. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among breast cancers. Targeting the TRAIL DR pathway has shown notable efficacy in a subset of TNBC in preclinical models but again has not shown appreciable activity in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the signaling components and mechanisms governing TRAIL pathway activation and clinical trial findings discussed with a focus on TNBC. Challenges and potential solutions for using DR agonists in the clinic are also discussed, including consideration of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of DR agonists, patient selection by predictive biomarkers, and potential combination therapies. Moreover, recent findings on the impact of TRAIL treatment on the immune response, as well as novel strategies to address those challenges, are discussed.
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Wang BT, Kothambawala T, Wang L, Matthew TJ, Calhoun SE, Saini AK, Kotturi MF, Hernandez G, Humke EW, Peterson MS, Sinclair AM, Keyt BA. Multimeric Anti-DR5 IgM Agonist Antibody IGM-8444 Is a Potent Inducer of Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Synergizes with Chemotherapy and BCL-2 Inhibitor ABT-199. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2483-2494. [PMID: 34711645 PMCID: PMC9398157 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Death receptor 5 (DR5) is an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its broad upregulated expression in multiple cancers and ability to directly induce apoptosis. Though anti-DR5 IgG antibodies have been evaluated in clinical trials, limited efficacy has been attributed to insufficient receptor crosslinking. IGM-8444 is an engineered, multivalent agonistic IgM antibody with 10 binding sites to DR5 that induces cancer cell apoptosis through efficient DR5 multimerization. IGM-8444 bound to DR5 with high avidity and was substantially more potent than an IgG with the same binding domains. IGM-8444 induced cytotoxicity in a broad panel of solid and hematologic cancer cell lines but did not kill primary human hepatocytes in vitro, a potential toxicity of DR5 agonists. In multiple xenograft tumor models, IGM-8444 monotherapy inhibited tumor growth, with strong and sustained tumor regression observed in a gastric PDX model. When combined with chemotherapy or the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199, IGM-8444 exhibited synergistic in vitro tumor cytotoxicity and enhanced in vivo efficacy, without augmenting in vitro hepatotoxicity. These results support the clinical development of IGM-8444 in solid and hematologic malignancies as a monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy or BCL-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ling Wang
- IGM Biosciences Inc., Mountain View, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce A Keyt
- IGM Biosciences Inc., Mountain View, California.
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6
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Shivange G, Mondal T, Lyerly E, Bhatnagar S, Landen CN, Reddy S, Kim J, Doan B, Riddle P, Tushir-Singh J. A patch of positively charged residues regulates the efficacy of clinical DR5 antibodies in solid tumors. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109953. [PMID: 34731630 PMCID: PMC8720280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is the first and critical step to activate apoptosis by death receptor-5 (DR5). The recent discovery of the autoinhibitory DR5 ectodomain has challenged the long-standing view of its mechanistic activation by the natural ligand Apo2L. Because the autoinhibitory residues have remained unknown, here we characterize a crucial patch of positively charged residues (PPCR) in the highly variable domain of DR5. The PPCR electrostatically separates DR5 receptors to autoinhibit their clustering in the absence of ligand and antibody binding. Mutational substitution and antibody-mediated PPCR interference resulted in increased apoptotic cytotoxic function. A dually specific antibody that enables sustained tampering with PPCR function exceptionally enhanced DR5 clustering and apoptotic activation and distinctively improved the survival of animals bearing aggressive metastatic and recurrent tumors, whereas clinically tested DR5 antibodies without PPCR blockade function were largely ineffective. Our study provides mechanistic insights into DR5 activation and a therapeutic analytical design for potential clinical success.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Epitopes
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA; Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Shivani Reddy
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Britney Doan
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Paula Riddle
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA; University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville VA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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7
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Mallya K, Gautam SK, Aithal A, Batra SK, Jain M. Modeling pancreatic cancer in mice for experimental therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188554. [PMID: 33945847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is characterized by early metastasis, low resectability, high recurrence, and therapy resistance. The experimental mouse models have played a central role in understanding the pathobiology of PDAC and in the preclinical evaluation of various therapeutic modalities. Different mouse models with targetable pathological hallmarks have been developed and employed to address the unique challenges associated with PDAC progression, metastasis, and stromal heterogeneity. Over the years, mouse models have evolved from simple cell line-based heterotopic and orthotopic xenografts in immunocompromised mice to more complex and realistic genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) involving multi-gene manipulations. The GEMMs, mostly driven by KRAS mutation(s), have been widely accepted for therapeutic optimization due to their high penetrance and ability to recapitulate the histological, molecular, and pathological hallmarks of human PDAC, including comparable precursor lesions, extensive metastasis, desmoplasia, perineural invasion, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Advanced GEMMs modified to express fluorescent proteins have allowed cell lineage tracing to provide novel insights and a new understanding about the origin and contribution of various cell types in PDAC pathobiology. The syngeneic mouse models, GEMMs, and target-specific transgenic mice have been extensively used to evaluate immunotherapies and study therapy-induced immune modulation in PDAC yielding meaningful results to guide various clinical trials. The emerging mouse models for parabiosis, hepatic metastasis, cachexia, and image-guided implantation, are increasingly appreciated for their high translational significance. In this article, we describe the contribution of various experimental mouse models to the current understanding of PDAC pathobiology and their utility in evaluating and optimizing therapeutic modalities for this lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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8
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Kaur J, Singh P, Enzler T, Sahai V. Emerging antibody therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a review of recent phase 2 trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:103-129. [PMID: 33734833 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.1905795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is now the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US which can be attributed to rising incidence, diagnosis at advanced stages and early development of metastasis. Systemic therapy remains palliative with early development of resistance possibly related to the constitutive activation of 'undruggable' KRAS, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and intense desmoplasia. The advancements in molecular biology has led to the development and investigation of targeted and immune therapeutics.Areas covered: This study provides a comprehensive review of the literature to further the understanding of molecular targets with their respective antibody-based therapies in clinical development in pancreatic cancer. PubMed was systematically searched for English-language articles discussing antibody-based therapies under phase 2 clinical trial investigation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Expert opinion: PDAC remains highly resistant to chemotherapy with no significant improvement in survival for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. Unfortunately, the majority of the antibody-based targeted and immune therapeutics have failed to meet their primary efficacy endpoints in early phase trials. However, there are a few promising antibody-based drugs with intriguing preliminary data that merit further investigation, while many more continue to be developed and investigated preclinically, and in early phase trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - Paramveer Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Enzler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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9
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Phillips DC, Buchanan FG, Cheng D, Solomon LR, Xiao Y, Xue J, Tahir SK, Smith ML, Zhang H, Widomski D, Abraham VC, Xu N, Liu Z, Zhou L, DiGiammarino E, Lu X, Rudra-Ganguly N, Trela B, Morgan-Lappe SE. Hexavalent TRAIL Fusion Protein Eftozanermin Alfa Optimally Clusters Apoptosis-Inducing TRAIL Receptors to Induce On-Target Antitumor Activity in Solid Tumors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3402-3414. [PMID: 33687950 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TRAIL can activate cell surface death receptors, resulting in potent tumor cell death via induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Eftozanermin alfa (ABBV-621) is a second generation TRAIL receptor agonist engineered as an IgG1-Fc mutant backbone linked to two sets of trimeric native single-chain TRAIL receptor binding domain monomers. This hexavalent agonistic fusion protein binds to the death-inducing DR4 and DR5 receptors with nanomolar affinity to drive on-target biological activity with enhanced caspase-8 aggregation and death-inducing signaling complex formation independent of FcγR-mediated cross-linking, and without clinical signs or pathologic evidence of toxicity in nonrodent species. ABBV-621 induced cell death in approximately 36% (45/126) of solid cancer cell lines in vitro at subnanomolar concentrations. An in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) screen of ABBV-621 activity across 15 different tumor indications resulted in an overall response (OR) of 29% (47/162). Although DR4 (TNFSFR10A) and/or DR5 (TNFSFR10B) expression levels did not predict the level of response to ABBV-621 activity in vivo, KRAS mutations were associated with elevated TNFSFR10A and TNFSFR10B and were enriched in ABBV-621-responsive colorectal carcinoma PDX models. To build upon the OR of ABBV-621 monotherapy in colorectal cancer (45%; 10/22) and pancreatic cancer (35%; 7/20), we subsequently demonstrated that inherent resistance to ABBV-621 treatment could be overcome in combination with chemotherapeutics or with selective inhibitors of BCL-XL. In summary, these data provide a preclinical rationale for the ongoing phase 1 clinical trial (NCT03082209) evaluating the activity of ABBV-621 in patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the activity of a hexavalent TRAIL-receptor agonistic fusion protein in preclinical models of solid tumors that mechanistically distinguishes this molecular entity from other TRAIL-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong Cheng
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yu Xiao
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Xue
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Morey L Smith
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haichao Zhang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Nan Xu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li Zhou
- Protein Biochemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Xin Lu
- Genomic Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Bruce Trela
- Pre-clinical Safety, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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10
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Singh D, Tewari M, Singh S, Narayan G. Revisiting the role of TRAIL/TRAIL-R in cancer biology and therapy. Future Oncol 2021; 17:581-596. [PMID: 33401962 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF superfamily, can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, sparing normal cells when bound to its associated death receptors (DR4/DR5). This unique mechanism makes TRAIL a potential anticancer therapeutic agent. However, clinical trials of recombinant TRAIL protein and TRAIL receptor agonist monoclonal antibodies have shown disappointing results due to its short half-life, poor pharmacokinetics and the resistance of the cancer cells. This review summarizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic and survival pathways as well as mechanisms leading to apoptotic resistance. Recent development of methods to overcome cancer cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, such as protein modification, combination therapy and TRAIL-based gene therapy, appear promising. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of TRAIL-based therapies for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mallika Tewari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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11
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Carreira B, Acúrcio RC, Matos AI, Peres C, Pozzi S, Vaskovich‐Koubi D, Kleiner R, Bento M, Satchi‐Fainaro R, Florindo HF. Nanomedicines as Multifunctional Modulators of Melanoma Immune Microenvironment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Carreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Rita C. Acúrcio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Ana I. Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Daniella Vaskovich‐Koubi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Mariana Bento
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Ronit Satchi‐Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
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12
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Alfaleh MA, Alsaab HO, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Jones ML, Mahler SM, Hashem AM. Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1986. [PMID: 32983137 PMCID: PMC7485114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created combinatorial antibody libraries on filamentous phage to be utilized for generating antigen specific antibodies in a matter of weeks. Since then, more than 70 phage–derived antibodies entered clinical studies and 14 of them have been approved. These antibodies are indicated for cancer, and non-cancer medical conditions, such as inflammatory, optical, infectious, or immunological diseases. This review will illustrate the utility of phage display as a powerful platform for therapeutic antibodies discovery and describe in detail all the approved mAbs derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Wang Y, Guo S, Li D, Tang Y, Li L, Su L, Liu X. YIPF2 promotes chemotherapeutic agent-mediated apoptosis via enhancing TNFRSF10B recycling to plasma membrane in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:242. [PMID: 32303681 PMCID: PMC7165181 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common histological type of lung cancer, and the identification of the apoptotic process of NSCLC is vital for its treatment. Usually, both the expression level and the cell surface level of TNFRSF10B (TNF Receptor superfamily member 10B) will increase after treatment with some chemotherapeutic agents, which plays a critical role in the apoptosis induction. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying TNFRSF10B regulation remains largely elusive. Here, we found that TNFRSF10B, along with a vesicular trafficking regulator protein, YIPF2, were upregulated after treatment with pemetrexed (PEM) in NSCLC cells. Besides, YIPF2 increased the surface level of TNFRF10B, while YIPF2 knockdown inhibited the upregulation of TNFRSF10B and its recycling to plasma membrane. In addition, RAB8 decreased the cell surface TNFRSF10B by promoting its removing from plasma membrane to cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that YIPF2, RAB8 and TNFRSF10B proteins interacted physically with each other. YIPF2 could further inhibit the physical interaction between TNFRSF10B and RAB8, thereby suppressing the removing of TNFRSF10B from plasma membrane to cytoplasm mediated by RAB8 and maintaining its high level on cell surface. Finally, using bioinformatics database, the YIPF2-TNFRSF10B axis was confirmed to be associated with the malignant progression of lung cancer. Taken together, we show that YIPF2 promotes chemotherapeutic agent-mediated apoptosis via enhancing TNFRSF10B recycling to plasma membrane in NSCLC cells. These findings may be beneficial for the development of potential prognostic markers of NSCLC and may provide effective treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongkang Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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14
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Alfaleh MA, Alsaab HO, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Jones ML, Mahler SM, Hashem AM. Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside. Front Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32983137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01986/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created combinatorial antibody libraries on filamentous phage to be utilized for generating antigen specific antibodies in a matter of weeks. Since then, more than 70 phage-derived antibodies entered clinical studies and 14 of them have been approved. These antibodies are indicated for cancer, and non-cancer medical conditions, such as inflammatory, optical, infectious, or immunological diseases. This review will illustrate the utility of phage display as a powerful platform for therapeutic antibodies discovery and describe in detail all the approved mAbs derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Chen Y, Paluch M, Zorn JA, Rajan S, Leonard B, Estevez A, Brady J, Chiu H, Phung W, Famili A, Yan M, Ciferri C, Matsumoto ML, Lazar GA, Crowell S, Hass P, Agard NJ. Targeted IgMs agonize ocular targets with extended vitreal exposure. MAbs 2020; 12:1818436. [PMID: 32936727 PMCID: PMC7577241 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1818436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of ocular disease is hindered by the presence of the blood-retinal barrier, which restricts access of systemic drugs to the eye. Intravitreal injections bypass this barrier, delivering high concentrations of drug to the targeted tissue. However, the recommended dosing interval for approved biologics is typically 6-12 weeks, and frequent travel to the physician's office poses a substantial burden for elderly patients with poor vision. Real-world data suggest that many patients are under-treated. Here, we investigate IgMs as a novel platform for treating ocular disease. We show that IgMs are well-suited to ocular administration due to moderate viscosity, long ocular exposure, and rapid systemic clearance. The complement-dependent cytotoxicity of IgMs can be readily removed with a P436G mutation, reducing safety liabilities. Furthermore, dodecavalent binding of IgM hexamers can potently activate pathways implicated in the treatment of progressive blindness, including the Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, or the death receptor 4 tumor necrosis family receptor pathway for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. Collectively, these data demonstrate the promise of IgMs as therapeutic agonists for treating progressive blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Chen
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maciej Paluch
- Departments of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie A. Zorn
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharmila Rajan
- Departments of Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Leonard
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Brady
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry Chiu
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Physiology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wilson Phung
- Departments of Microchemistry Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amin Famili
- Departments of Drug Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minhong Yan
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Greg A. Lazar
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Crowell
- Departments of Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phil Hass
- Departments of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Agard
- Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Noonan JJ, Jarzabek M, Lincoln FA, Cavanagh BL, Pariag AR, Juric V, Young LS, Ligon KL, Jahns H, Zheleva D, Prehn JHM, Rehm M, Byrne AT, Murphy BM. Implementing Patient-Derived Xenografts to Assess the Effectiveness of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122005. [PMID: 31842413 PMCID: PMC6966586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with no available cure. As previously described, seliciclib, a first-generation cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, down-regulates the anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1, in GBM, thereby sensitizing GBM cells to the apoptosis-inducing effects of the death receptor ligand, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Here, we have assessed the efficacy of seliciclib when delivered in combination with the antibody against human death receptor 5, drozitumab, in clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of GBM. A reduction in viability and significant levels of apoptosis were observed in vitro in human GBM neurospheres following treatment with seliciclib plus drozitumab. While the co-treatment strategy induced a similar effect in PDX models, the dosing regimen required to observe seliciclib-targeted responses in the brain, resulted in lethal toxicity in 45% of animals. Additional studies showed that the second-generation CDK inhibitor, CYC065, with improved potency in comparison to seliciclib, induced a significant decrease in the size of human GBM neurospheres in vitro and was well tolerated in vivo, upon administration at clinically relevant doses. This study highlights the continued need for robust pre-clinical assessment of promising treatment approaches using clinically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis J. Noonan
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Monika Jarzabek
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Frank A. Lincoln
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Brenton L. Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Arhona R. Pariag
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Viktorija Juric
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Leonie S. Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Keith L. Ligon
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Hanne Jahns
- Pathobiology Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Daniella Zheleva
- Cyclacel Ltd., 1 James Lindsay Place, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5JJ, UK;
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Brona M. Murphy
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland; (J.J.N.); (M.J.); (F.A.L.); (A.R.P.); (V.J.); (J.H.M.P.); (A.T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-31-402-2119
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17
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Lim B, Greer Y, Lipkowitz S, Takebe N. Novel Apoptosis-Inducing Agents for the Treatment of Cancer, a New Arsenal in the Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081087. [PMID: 31370269 PMCID: PMC6721450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from apoptosis is an important hallmark of cancer cells. Alterations of apoptosis pathways are especially critical as they confer resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapeutics, e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapeutics. Thus, successful induction of apoptosis using novel therapeutics may be a key strategy for preventing recurrence and metastasis. Inhibitors of anti-apoptotic molecules and enhancers of pro-apoptotic molecules are being actively developed for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors in particular over the last decade. However, due to the complicated apoptosis process caused by a multifaceted connection with cross-talk pathways, protein–protein interaction, and diverse resistance mechanisms, drug development within the category has been extremely challenging. Careful design and development of clinical trials incorporating predictive biomarkers along with novel apoptosis-inducing agents based on rational combination strategies are needed to ensure the successful development of these molecules. Here, we review the landscape of currently available direct apoptosis-targeting agents in clinical development for cancer treatment and update the related biomarker advancement to detect and validate the efficacy of apoptosis-targeted therapies, along with strategies to combine them with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yoshimi Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Early Clinical Trials Development, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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18
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Molecular Mode of Action of TRAIL Receptor Agonists-Common Principles and Their Translational Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070954. [PMID: 31284696 PMCID: PMC6678900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptors TRAILR1/death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAILR2/DR5 trigger cell death in many cancer cells but rarely exert cytotoxic activity on non-transformed cells. Against this background, a variety of recombinant TRAIL variants and anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Despite promising results from mice tumor models, TRAIL death receptor targeting has failed so far in clinical studies to show satisfying anti-tumor efficacy. These disappointing results can largely be explained by two issues: First, tumor cells can acquire TRAIL resistance by several mechanisms defining a need for combination therapies with appropriate sensitizing drugs. Second, there is now growing preclinical evidence that soluble TRAIL variants but also bivalent anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies typically require oligomerization or plasma membrane anchoring to achieve maximum activity. This review discusses the need for oligomerization and plasma membrane attachment for the activity of TRAIL death receptor agonists in view of what is known about the molecular mechanisms of how TRAIL death receptors trigger intracellular cell death signaling. In particular, it will be highlighted which consequences this has for the development of next generation TRAIL death receptor agonists and their potential clinical application.
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19
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Staniek J, Lorenzetti R, Heller B, Janowska I, Schneider P, Unger S, Warnatz K, Seidl M, Venhoff N, Thiel J, Smulski CR, Rizzi M. TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 Mediate TRAIL-Dependent Apoptosis in Activated Primary Human B Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:951. [PMID: 31114586 PMCID: PMC6503035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of B cell homeostasis requires a tight control of B cell generation, survival, activation, and maturation. In lymphocytes upon activation, increased sensitivity to apoptotic signals helps controlling differentiation and proliferation. The death receptor Fas is important in this context because genetic Fas mutations in humans lead to an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome that is similar to lymphoproliferation observed in Fas-deficient mice. In contrast, the physiological role of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors (TRAIL-Rs) in humans has been poorly studied so far. Indeed, most studies have focused on tumor cell lines and on mouse models whose results are difficult to transpose to primary human B cells. In the present work, the expression of apoptosis-inducing TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and of the decoy receptors TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 was systematically studied in all developmental stages of peripheral B cells isolated from the blood and secondary lymphoid organs. Expression of TRAIL-Rs is modulated along development, with highest levels observed in germinal center B cells. In addition, T-dependent and T-independent signals elicited induction of TRAIL-Rs with distinct kinetics, which differed among B cell subpopulations: switched memory cells rapidly upregulated TRAIL-R1 and -2 upon activation while naïve B cells only reached similar expression levels at later time points in culture. Increased expression of TRAIL-R1 and -2 coincided with a caspase-3-dependent sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in activated B cells but not in freshly isolated resting B cells. Finally, both TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 could signal actively and both contributed to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, this study provides a systematic analysis of the expression of TRAIL-Rs in human primary B cells and of their capacity to signal and induce apoptosis. This dataset forms a basis to further study and understand the dysregulation of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL expression observed in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it will be important to foresee potential bystander immunomodulation when TRAIL-R agonists are used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Staniek
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Lorenzetti
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Heller
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iga Janowska
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Venhoff
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Thiel
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Roberto Smulski
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Greer YE, Gilbert SF, Gril B, Narwal R, Peacock Brooks DL, Tice DA, Steeg PS, Lipkowitz S. MEDI3039, a novel highly potent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 agonist, causes regression of orthotopic tumors and inhibits outgrowth of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:27. [PMID: 30777098 PMCID: PMC6380056 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor agonists are attractive anti-tumor agents because of their capability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by activating death receptors (DR) 4 and 5 with little toxicity against normal cells. Despite an attractive mechanism of action, previous clinical efforts to use TRAIL receptor agonists have been unsuccessful. In this study, we examined MEDI3039, a highly potent multivalent DR5 agonist, in breast cancer cell lines and in vivo models. Methods As in vitro model systems, we used 19 breast cancer cell lines that are categorized into four subtypes: ER+, HER2 amplified, basal A (triple-negative breast cancer) TNBC, and basal B TNBC. Cell viability was analyzed by MTS and RealTime live/dead assays. As in vivo model systems, MDA-MB231T orthotopic primary tumor growth in the mammary fat pad (MFP) and two experimental lung metastasis models were used. The effect of MEDI3039 on MFP tumors was assessed with immunohistochemical analysis. Lung metastases were analyzed with Bouin’s and H&E staining. Results MEDI3039 killed multiple breast cancer cell lines, but the sensitivity varied among different subtypes. Sensitivity was basal B TNBC >> basal A TNBC > HER2 amplified > ER+ (average IC50 = 1.4, 203, 314, 403 pM, respectively). While the pattern of relative sensitivity was similar to GST-TRAIL in most cell lines, MEDI3039 was at least two orders of magnitude more potent compared with GST-TRAIL. In the MFP model, weekly treatment with 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg MEDI3039 for 5 weeks inhibited tumor growth by 99.05% or 100% (median), respectively, compared with the control group, and extended animal survival (p = 0.08 or p = 0.0032 at 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg, respectively). MEDI3039-induced caspase activation was confirmed in tumors grown in MFP (p < 0.05). In an experimental pulmonary metastasis model, MEDI3039 significantly suppressed outgrowth of surface (p < 0.0001) and microscopic metastases (p < 0.05). In an established lung metastasis model, MEDI3039 significantly inhibited growth of metastases (p < 0.01 in surface [> 4 mm], p < 0.01 in tumor percentage) and extended animal survival (p < 0.0001). Conclusion MEDI3039 is a potent DR5 agonist in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and has potential as a cancer drug in breast cancer patients, especially those with basal B TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1116-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1361, USA
| | - Samuel F Gilbert
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1361, USA
| | - Brunilde Gril
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1361, USA
| | | | - Danielle L Peacock Brooks
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1361, USA
| | | | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1361, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1361, USA.
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21
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Phage Display Libraries: From Binders to Targeted Drug Delivery and Human Therapeutics. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:286-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Baudin A, Guichard A, Collie GW, Rousseau S, Chaignepain S, Hocquellet A, Berbon M, Loquet A, Mackereth C, Guichard G, Odaert B. 1H, 13C, 15N NMR resonance assignments and secondary structure determination of the extra-cellular domain from the human proapoptotic TRAIL-R2 death receptor 5 (DR5-ECD). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2018; 12:309-314. [PMID: 29869749 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-018-9828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Death receptors (DR) selectively drive cancer cells to apoptosis upon binding to the Tumor necrosis factor-a-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Complex formation induces the oligomerization of the death receptors DR4 (TRAIL-R1) and DR5 (TRAIL-R2) and transduces the apoptogenic signal to their respective death domains, leading to Death Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) formation, caspase activation and ultimately cell death. Several crystal structures of the ExtraCellular Domain from Death Receptor 5 (DR5-ECD) have been reported in complex with the TRAIL ligand or anti-DR5 antibodies, but none for the isolated protein. In order to fill this gap and to perform binding experiments with TRAIL peptidomimetics, we have produced isotopically labelled DR5-ECD and started a conformational analysis by using high-field 3D NMR spectroscopy. Herein, we present the first resonance assignment of a TRAIL receptor in solution and the determination of its secondary structure from NMR chemical shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Baudin
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Anne Guichard
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Agenus UK Limited, 315, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Gavin W Collie
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabrina Rousseau
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
- Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, ARNA Laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Bordeaux (CGFB), 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Hocquellet
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Cameron Mackereth
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
- Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, ARNA Laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Benoît Odaert
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France.
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23
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Satta A, Mezzanzanica D, Caroli F, Frigerio B, Di Nicola M, Kontermann RE, Iacovelli F, Desideri A, Anichini A, Canevari S, Gianni AM, Figini M. Design, selection and optimization of an anti-TRAIL-R2/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody able to educate T cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells. MAbs 2018; 10:1084-1097. [PMID: 29993310 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1494105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or TRAIL-receptor agonistic monoclonal antibodies promote apoptosis in most cancer cells, and the differential expression of TRAIL-R2 between tumor and normal tissues allows its exploitation as a tumor-associated antigen. The use of these antibodies as anticancer agents has been extensively studied, but the results of clinical trials were disappointing. The observed lack of anticancer activity could be attributed to intrinsic or acquired resistance of tumor cells to this type of treatment. A possible strategy to circumvent drug resistance would be to strike tumor cells with a second modality based on a different mechanism of action. We therefore set out to generate and optimize a bispecific antibody targeting TRAIL-R2 and CD3. After the construction of different bispecific antibodies in tandem-scFv or single-chain diabody formats to reduce possible immunogenicity, we selected a humanized bispecific antibody with very low aggregates and long-term high stability and functionality. This antibody triggered TRAIL-R2 in an agonistic manner and its anticancer activity proved dramatically potentiated by the redirection of cytotoxic T cells against both sensitive and resistant melanoma cells. The results of our study show that combining the TRAIL-based antitumor strategy with an immunotherapeutic approach in a single molecule could be an effective addition to the anticancer armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Satta
- a Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- a Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Caroli
- a Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Barbara Frigerio
- a Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Massimo Di Nicola
- b Medical Oncology C Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- c Institut for Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Anichini
- e Human Tumor Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- a Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro Massimo Gianni
- b Medical Oncology C Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy.,f Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Mariangela Figini
- a Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
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24
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Naimi A, Movassaghpour AA, Hagh MF, Talebi M, Entezari A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Solali S. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as the potential therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:566-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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25
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A Novel Fully Human Agonistic Single Chain Fragment Variable Antibody Targeting Death Receptor 5 with Potent Antitumor Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102064. [PMID: 28953230 PMCID: PMC5666746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonistic antibodies, which bind specifically to death receptor 5 (DR5), can trigger apoptosis in tumor cells through the extrinsic pathway. In this present study, we describe the use of a phage display to isolate a novel fully human agonistic single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody, which targets DR5. After five rounds of panning a large (1.2 × 108 clones) phage display library on DR5, a total of over 4000 scFv clones were screened by the phage ELISA. After screening for agonism in a cell-viability assay in vitro, a novel DR5-specific scFv antibody TR2-3 was isolated, which inhibited COLO205 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cell growth without any cross-linking agents. The activity of TR2-3 in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells was evaluated by using an Annexin V-PE apoptosis detection kit in combination with flow cytometry and the Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide double staining analysis. In addition, the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis was evaluated by Western blot assays. The results indicated that TR2-3 induced robust apoptosis of the COLO205 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, while it remarkably upregulated the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Furthermore, TR2-3 suppressed the tumor growth significantly in the xenograft model. Taken together, these data suggest that TR2-3 exhibited potent antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. This work provides a novel human antibody, which might be a promising candidate for cancer therapy by targeting DR5.
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26
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Guo L, Sun X, Hao Z, Huang J, Han X, You Y, Li Y, Shen M, Ozawa T, Kishi H, Muraguchi A, Jin A. Identification of Novel Epitopes with Agonistic Activity for the Development of Tumor Immunotherapy Targeting TRAIL-R1. J Cancer 2017; 8:2542-2553. [PMID: 28900492 PMCID: PMC5595084 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor-1/2 (TRAIL-R1/R2), also known as death receptors, are expressed in a wide variety of tumor cells. Although TRAIL can induce cell apoptosis by engaging its cognate TRAIL-R1/R2, some tumor cells are or become resistant to TRAIL treatment. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against TRAIL-R1/R2 have been developed to use as potential antitumor therapeutic agents instead of TRAIL. However, TRAIL-R1/R2-based tumor therapy has not yet been realized. We previously generated a series of fully human monoclonal antibodies against TRAIL-R1 (TR1-mAbs) that induced tumor cell apoptosis. In this study, we identified the antigenic binding sites of these TR1-mAbs and proposed two major epitopes on the extracellular domain of TRAIL-R1. The analysis revealed that the epitopes of some TR1-mAbs partially overlaps with the beginning of TRAIL-binding sites, and other epitopes are located within the TRAIL-binding region. Among these mAbs, TR1-422 and TR1-419 mAbs have two antigenic binding sites that bound to the same binding region, but they have different essential amino acid residues and binding site sizes. Furthermore, we investigated the apoptosis activity of TR1-419 and TR1-422 mAbs in the form of IgG and IgM. In contrast to the IgG-type TR1-419 and TR1-422 mAbs, which enhanced and inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis, respectively, both IgM-type TR1-419 and TR1-422 mAb strongly induced cell apoptosis with or without soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL). Moreover, the results showed that IgM-type TR1-419 and TR1-422 mAbs alone can sufficiently activate the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways and suppress tumor growth in vivo. Consequently, we identified two antigenic binding sites with agonistic activity, and their specific IgM-type mAbs exhibited strong cytotoxic activity in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these agonistic antigenic binding sites may be useful for the development of effective Ab-based drugs or Ab-based cell immunotherapy for various human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guo
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xiaojian Han
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yajie You
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Meiying Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
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von Karstedt S, Montinaro A, Walczak H. Exploring the TRAILs less travelled: TRAIL in cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:352-366. [PMID: 28536452 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis of cancer cells without causing toxicity in mice has led to the in-depth study of pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) signalling and the development of biotherapeutic drug candidates that activate TRAIL-Rs. The outcome of clinical trials with these TRAIL-R agonists has, however, been disappointing so far. Recent evidence indicates that many cancers, in addition to being TRAIL resistant, use the endogenous TRAIL-TRAIL-R system to their own advantage. However, novel insight on two fronts - how resistance of cancer cells to TRAIL-based pro-apoptotic therapies might be overcome, and how the pro-tumorigenic effects of endogenous TRAIL might be countered - gives reasonable hope that the TRAIL system can be harnessed to treat cancer. In this Review we assess the status quo of our understanding of the biology of the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system - as well as the gaps therein - and discuss the opportunities and challenges in effectively targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia von Karstedt
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Shim J, Huang A, Miller AS. Development of a bioassay as a measure of drozitumab-mediated apoptosis induced by soluble Fc gamma receptors. J Immunol Methods 2017; 448:26-33. [PMID: 28506821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drozitumab is an agonistic therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the pro-apoptotic death receptor 5 (DR5). In vitro cell killing assays using drozitumab have traditionally required cross-linking with anti-Fc antibody to amplify the pro-apoptotic signal, although drozitumab shows activity in in vivo tumor models without artificial cross-linking. Recently it has been shown that FcγR expressing cells play an important role in the activity of drozitumab by mediating cross-linking in vivo (Wilson et al., 2011). To provide a more biologically relevant alternative to cross-linking with anti-Fc antibody in in vitro bioassays, methods for cross-linking with soluble FcγR extracellular domain (ECD) were developed in this work. FcγR cross-linking methods developed in this work were assessed in solution, bead-bound, and plate-bound assay formats, as well as a cell-based assay format. The assays showed reproducible drozitumab dose-response curves in the concentration range of 5-20,000ng/mL and had acceptable precision and accuracy. The assays are also able to detect degradative changes in drozitumab samples subjected to thermal stress. The data suggest that FcγR cross-linking of drozitumab is a viable alternative to anti-Fc cross-linking of drozitumab to measure effector mediated apoptosis of drozitumab in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsup Shim
- Biological Technologies-Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Ally Huang
- Biological Technologies-Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aaron S Miller
- Biological Technologies-Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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29
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Teplyakov A, Obmolova G, Malia TJ, Gilliland GL. Crystal structure of CD27 in complex with a neutralizing noncompeting antibody. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:294-299. [PMID: 28471362 PMCID: PMC5417320 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17005957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD27 is a T-cell and B-cell co-stimulatory glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily that is dependent on the availability of the TNF-like ligand CD70. Therapeutic approaches to treating autoimmune diseases and cancers with antagonistic and agonistic anti-CD27 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively, have recently been developed. Mouse anti-human CD27 mAb 2177 shows potency in neutralizing CD70-induced signaling; however, it does not block the binding of soluble CD70. To provide insight into the mechanism of action of the mAb, the crystal structure of the CD27 extracellular domain in complex with the Fab fragment of mAb 2177 was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. CD27 exhibits the assembly of cysteine-rich domains characteristic of the TNF receptor superfamily. The structure reveals a unique binding site of mAb 2177 at the edge of the receptor molecule, which allows the mAb to sterically block the cell-bound form of CD70 from reaching CD27 while leaving the ligand epitope clear. This mode of action suggests a potential dual use of mAb 2177 either as an antagonist or as an agonist.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/chemistry
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/genetics
- Baculoviridae/genetics
- Baculoviridae/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- CD27 Ligand/chemistry
- CD27 Ligand/genetics
- CD27 Ligand/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Ligands
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sf9 Cells
- Spodoptera
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/chemistry
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Teplyakov
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Galina Obmolova
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Thomas J. Malia
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Gary L. Gilliland
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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30
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Polychronidou G, Karavasilis V, Pollack SM, Huang PH, Lee A, Jones RL. Novel therapeutic approaches in chondrosarcoma. Future Oncol 2017; 13:637-648. [PMID: 28133974 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of bones, characterized by the production of cartilage matrix. Due to lack of effective treatment for advanced disease, the clinical management of chondrosarcomas is exceptionally challenging. Current research focuses on elucidating the molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of this rare bone malignancy, with the goal of developing new molecularly targeted therapies. Signaling pathways suggested to have a role in chondrosarcoma include Hedgehog, Src, PI3k-Akt-mTOR and angiogenesis. Mutations in IDH1/2, present in more than 50% of primary conventional chondrosarcomas, make the development of IDH inhibitors a promising treatment option. The present review discusses the preclinical and early clinical data on novel targeted therapeutic approaches in chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seth M Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alex Lee
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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31
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Waight JD, Gombos RB, Wilson NS. Harnessing co-stimulatory TNF receptors for cancer immunotherapy: Current approaches and future opportunities. Hum Antibodies 2017; 25:87-109. [PMID: 28085016 DOI: 10.3233/hab-160308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-stimulatory tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) can sculpt the responsiveness of T cells recognizing tumor-associated antigens. For this reason, agonist antibodies targeting CD137, CD357, CD134 and CD27 have received considerable attention for their therapeutic utility in enhancing anti-tumor immune responses, particularly in combination with other immuno-modulatory antibodies targeting co-inhibitory pathways in T cells. The design of therapeutic antibodies that optimally engage and activate co-stimulatory TNFRs presents an important challenge of how to promote effective anti-tumor immunity while avoiding serious immune-related adverse events. Here we review our current understanding of the expression, signaling and structural features of CD137, CD357, CD134 and CD27, and how this may inform the design of pharmacologically active immuno-modulatory antibodies targeting these receptors. This includes the integration of our emerging knowledge of the role of Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) in facilitating antibody-mediated receptor clustering and forward signaling, as well as promoting immune effector cell-mediated activities. Finally, we bring our current preclinical and clinical knowledge of co-stimulatory TNFR antibodies into the context of opportunities for next generation molecules with improved pharmacologic properties.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, IgG/agonists
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/agonists
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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32
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Lewis AK, Valley CC, Peery SL, Brummel B, Braun AR, Karim CB, Sachs JN. Death Receptor 5 Networks Require Membrane Cholesterol for Proper Structure and Function. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:4843-4855. [PMID: 27720987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Death receptor 5 (DR5) is an apoptosis-inducing member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, whose activity has been linked to membrane cholesterol content. Upon ligand binding, DR5 forms large clusters within the plasma membrane that have often been assumed to be manifestations of receptor co-localization in cholesterol-rich membrane domains. However, we have recently shown that DR5 clusters are more than just randomly aggregated receptors. Instead, these are highly structured networks held together by receptor dimers. These dimers are stabilized by specific transmembrane helix-helix interactions, including a disulfide bond in the long isoform of the receptor. The complex relationships among DR5 network formation, transmembrane helix dimerization, membrane cholesterol, and receptor activity has not been established. It is unknown whether the membrane itself plays an active role in driving DR5 transmembrane helix interactions or in the formation of the networks. We show that cholesterol depletion in cells does not inhibit the formation of DR5 networks. However, the networks that form in cholesterol-depleted cells fail to induce caspase cleavage. These results suggest a potential structural difference between active and inactive networks. As evidence, we show that cholesterol is necessary for the covalent dimerization of DR5 transmembrane domains. Molecular simulations and experiments in synthetic vesicles on the DR5 transmembrane dimer suggest that dimerization is facilitated by increased helicity in a thicker bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher C Valley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen L Peery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Brummel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anthony R Braun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christine B Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jonathan N Sachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
Over the last 3 decades, monoclonal antibodies have become the most important class of therapeutic biologicals on the market. Development of therapeutic antibodies was accelerated by recombinant DNA technologies, which allowed the humanization of murine monoclonal antibodies to make them more similar to those of the human body and suitable for a broad range of chronic diseases like cancer and autoimmune diseases. In the early 1990s in vitro antibody selection technologies were developed that enabled the discovery of “fully” human antibodies with potentially superior clinical efficacy and lowest immunogenicity. Antibody phage display is the first and most widely used of the in vitro selection technologies. It has proven to be a robust, versatile platform technology for the discovery of human antibodies and a powerful engineering tool to improve antibody properties. As of the beginning of 2016, 6 human antibodies discovered or further developed by phage display were approved for therapy. In 2002, adalimumab (Humira®) became the first phage display-derived antibody granted a marketing approval. Humira® was also the first approved human antibody, and it is currently the best-selling antibody drug on the market. Numerous phage display-derived antibodies are currently under advanced clinical investigation, and, despite the availability of other technologies such as human antibody-producing transgenic mice, phage display has not lost its importance for the discovery and engineering of therapeutic antibodies. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview about phage display-derived antibodies that are approved for therapy or in clinical development. A selection of these antibodies is described in more detail to demonstrate different aspects of the phage display technology and its development over the last 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Frenzel
- a YUMAB GmbH , Rebenring , Braunschweig.,b Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie , Braunschweig , Germany
| | | | - Michael Hust
- b Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie , Braunschweig , Germany
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34
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Gilbreth RN, Novarra S, Wetzel L, Florinas S, Cabral H, Kataoka K, Rios-Doria J, Christie RJ, Baca M. Lipid- and polyion complex-based micelles as agonist platforms for TNFR superfamily receptors. J Control Release 2016; 234:104-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Eng JWL, Mace TA, Sharma R, Twum DYF, Peng P, Gibbs JF, Pitoniak R, Reed CB, Abrams SI, Repasky EA, Hylander BL. Pancreatic cancer stem cells in patient pancreatic xenografts are sensitive to drozitumab, an agonistic antibody against DR5. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:33. [PMID: 27330806 PMCID: PMC4915140 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence are two major hurdles in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Recent findings suggest that both of these attributes are associated with a small subset of pancreatic tumor initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we demonstrate that drozitumab, a human agonistic monoclonal antibody which binds the death receptor DR5, selectively eliminates CSCs, resulting in tumor growth inhibition and even regression of pancreatic tumors. Methods To examine the efficacy of drozitumab against pancreatic CSCs, we treated patient-derived pancreatic tumor xenografts (PDX) in immunocompromised SCID mice and evaluated tumor control. To assess apoptosis following drozitumab treatment, we identified the CSCs as CD24+, CD44+, and EpCAM+ by FACS analysis, and measured in vivo and in vitro levels of cleaved caspase-3. Lastly, in vitro evaluation of DR5 re-expression was performed using isolated patient pancreatic cancer xenograft cells along with the cell line, Panc-1. After treatment with drozitumab, the remaining DR5- cells were assessed by FACS analysis for DR5 expression at the cell surface at 8, 24 and 48 h post-treatment. All in vivo growth data was analyzed by 2-way Anova, incidence data was analyzed using Mantel-Cox, and in vitro studies statistics were performed with a t-test. Results We find that while 75–100 % of CSCs express DR5, only 25 % of bulk tumor cells express the death receptors at any one time. Consequently, drozitumab treatment of SCID mice bearing PDX kills higher percentages of CSCs than bulk tumor cells. Additionally, SCID mice implanted with isolated CSCs and then immediately treated with drozitumab fail to ever develop tumors. In vitro studies demonstrate that while drozitumab treatment reduces the DR5+ cell population, the remaining tumor cells begin to express DR5, suggesting a mechanism by which continuous administration of drozitumab can ultimately result in tumor regression despite the initially low percentage of DR5+ cells. Conclusions Overall, our work reveals that treatment of pancreatic tumors with the drozitumab can lead to long-term tumor control by targeting both bulk cells and CSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0136-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W-L Eng
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Thomas A Mace
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Present Address: Division of Medical Oncology, Department Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, 14263 NY USA.,Present Address: Department of Surgery, Lehigh Valley Physician Group, Allentown, 18103 PA USA
| | - Danielle Y F Twum
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - John F Gibbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, 14263 NY USA.,Present address: Department of Surgery Chief of Surgical Oncology, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, 1945 State Highway 33, Neptune, NJ 07753 USA
| | - Rosemarie Pitoniak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Chelsey B Reed
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Bonnie L Hylander
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
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36
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Piao X, Ozawa T, Hamana H, Shitaoka K, Jin A, Kishi H, Muraguchi A. TRAIL-receptor 1 IgM antibodies strongly induce apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1131380. [PMID: 27467950 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1131380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonistic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-receptor-specific antibodies are attractive antitumor therapeutics. Recently, our group has generated several human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to TRAIL-receptor-1 (TRAIL-R1) (TR1-IgGs) using ISAAC technology. However, these TR1-IgGs did not demonstrate ideal apoptosis-inducing capacity in the absence of additional antibodies. To overcome this limitation, we class-switched the TR1-IgGs to TRAIL-R1 IgM antibodies (TR1-IgMs); TR1-IgMs might possess high valency and facilitate the crosslinking of the cell surface receptors. We showed that the TR1-IgMs bound TRAIL-R1, activated the caspase signal, and induced strong apoptosis (100-fold higher compared with the IgG form in one case) in human tumor cell lines without any additional crosslinking in vitro. We further demonstrated that these TR1-IgMs dramatically inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model through the caspase activation cascade. These data suggest that TR1-IgMs may become potential immunotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Piao
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Shitaoka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University , Nangang District , Harbin, China
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
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37
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de Miguel D, Lemke J, Anel A, Walczak H, Martinez-Lostao L. Onto better TRAILs for cancer treatment. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:733-47. [PMID: 26943322 PMCID: PMC4832109 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo-2 ligand (Apo2L), is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily. By cross-linking TRAIL-Receptor (TRAIL-R) 1 or TRAIL-R2, also known as death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5), TRAIL has the capability to induce apoptosis in a wide variety of tumor cells while sparing vital normal cells. The discovery of this unique property among TNF superfamily members laid the foundation for testing the clinical potential of TRAIL-R-targeting therapies in the cancer clinic. To date, two of these therapeutic strategies have been tested clinically: (i) recombinant human TRAIL and (ii) antibodies directed against TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. Unfortunately, however, these TRAIL-R agonists have basically failed as most human tumors are resistant to apoptosis induction by them. It recently emerged that this is largely due to the poor agonistic activity of these agents. Consequently, novel TRAIL-R-targeting agents with increased bioactivity are currently being developed with the aim of rendering TRAIL-based therapies more active. This review summarizes these second-generation novel formulations of TRAIL and other TRAIL-R agonists, which exhibit enhanced cytotoxic capacity toward cancer cells, thereby providing the potential of being more effective when applied clinically than first-generation TRAIL-R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de Miguel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Lemke
- UCL Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Anel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - H Walczak
- UCL Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Martinez-Lostao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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38
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Brünker P, Wartha K, Friess T, Grau-Richards S, Waldhauer I, Koller CF, Weiser B, Majety M, Runza V, Niu H, Packman K, Feng N, Daouti S, Hosse RJ, Mössner E, Weber TG, Herting F, Scheuer W, Sade H, Shao C, Liu B, Wang P, Xu G, Vega-Harring S, Klein C, Bosslet K, Umaña P. RG7386, a Novel Tetravalent FAP-DR5 Antibody, Effectively Triggers FAP-Dependent, Avidity-Driven DR5 Hyperclustering and Tumor Cell Apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:946-57. [PMID: 27037412 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular apoptosis and resistance to cell death are hallmarks of neoplastic initiation and disease progression. Therefore, the development of agents that overcome apoptosis dysregulation in tumor cells is an attractive therapeutic approach. Activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway is strongly dependent on death receptor (DR) hyperclustering on the cell surface. However, strategies to activate DR5 or DR4 through agonistic antibodies have had only limited clinical success. To pursue an alternative approach for tumor-targeted induction of apoptosis, we engineered a bispecific antibody (BsAb), which simultaneously targets fibroblast-activation protein (FAP) on cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor stroma and DR5 on tumor cells. We hypothesized that bivalent binding to both FAP and DR5 leads to avidity-driven hyperclustering of DR5 and subsequently strong induction of apoptosis in tumor cells but not in normal cells. Here, we show that RG7386, an optimized FAP-DR5 BsAb, triggers potent tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in preclinical tumor models with FAP-positive stroma. RG7386 antitumor efficacy was strictly FAP dependent, was independent of FcR cross-linking, and was superior to conventional DR5 antibodies. In combination with irinotecan or doxorubicin, FAP-DR5 treatment resulted in substantial tumor regression in patient-derived xenograft models. FAP-DR5 also demonstrated single-agent activity against FAP-expressing malignant cells, due to cross-binding of FAP and DR5 across tumor cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RG7386, a novel and potent antitumor agent in both mono- and combination therapies, overcomes limitations of previous DR5 antibodies and represents a promising approach to conquer tumor-associated resistance to apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 946-57. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brünker
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wartha
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Friess
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Grau-Richards
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Inja Waldhauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ferrara Koller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Weiser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Meher Majety
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Runza
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Huifeng Niu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Packman
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Ningping Feng
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Sherif Daouti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Ralf J Hosse
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Mössner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G Weber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Frank Herting
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hadassah Sade
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Cuiying Shao
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Gary Xu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzana Vega-Harring
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Bosslet
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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Dine JL, O'Sullivan CC, Voeller D, Greer YE, Chavez KJ, Conway CM, Sinclair S, Stone B, Amiri-Kordestani L, Merchant AS, Hewitt SM, Steinberg SM, Swain SM, Lipkowitz S. The TRAIL receptor agonist drozitumab targets basal B triple-negative breast cancer cells that express vimentin and Axl. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:235-51. [PMID: 26759246 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that GST-tagged tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand preferentially killed triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells with a mesenchymal phenotype by activating death receptor 5 (DR5). The purpose of this study was to explore the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to drozitumab, a clinically tested DR5-specific agonist; identify potential biomarkers of drozitumab-sensitive breast cancer cells; and determine if those biomarkers were present in tumors from patients with TNBC. We evaluated viability, caspase activity, and sub-G1 DNA content in drozitumab-treated breast cancer cell lines and we characterized expression of potential biomarkers by immunoblot. Expression levels of vimentin and Axl were then explored in 177 TNBC samples from a publically available cDNA microarray dataset and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor tissue samples obtained from 53 African-American women with TNBC. Drozitumab-induced apoptosis in mesenchymal TNBC cell lines but not in cell lines from other breast cancer subtypes. The drozitumab-sensitive TNBC cell lines expressed the mesenchymal markers vimentin and Axl. Vimentin and Axl mRNA and protein were expressed in a subset of human TNBC tumors. By IHC, ~15 % of TNBC tumors had vimentin and Axl expression in the top quartile for both. These findings indicate that drozitumab-sensitive mesenchymal TNBC cells express vimentin and Axl, which can be identified in a subset of human TNBC tumors. Thus, vimentin and Axl may be useful to identify TNBC patients who would be most likely to benefit from a DR5 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Dine
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ciara C O'Sullivan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna Voeller
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yoshimi E Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn J Chavez
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine M Conway
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Sinclair
- Washington Cancer Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brandon Stone
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laleh Amiri-Kordestani
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anand S Merchant
- Center for Cancer Research Bioinformatics Core, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics & Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sandra M Swain
- Washington Cancer Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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40
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Tamada T, Shinmi D, Ikeda M, Yonezawa Y, Kataoka S, Kuroki R, Mori E, Motoki K. TRAIL-R2 Superoligomerization Induced by Human Monoclonal Agonistic Antibody KMTR2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17936. [PMID: 26672965 PMCID: PMC4682084 DOI: 10.1038/srep17936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fully human monoclonal antibody KMTR2 acts as a strong direct agonist for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), which is capable of inducing apoptotic cell death without cross-linking. To investigate the mechanism of direct agonistic activity induced by KMTR2, the crystal structure of the extracellular region of TRAIL-R2 and a Fab fragment derived from KMTR2 (KMTR2-Fab) was determined to 2.1 Å resolution. Two KMTR2-Fabs assembled with the complementarity-determining region 2 of the light chain via two-fold crystallographic symmetry, suggesting that the KMTR2-Fab assembly tended to enhance TRAIL-R2 oligomerization. A single mutation at Asn53 to Arg located at the two-fold interface in the KMTR2 resulted in a loss of its apoptotic activity, although it retained its antigen-binding activity. These results indicate that the strong agonistic activity, such as apoptotic signaling and tumor regression, induced by KMTR2 is attributed to TRAIL-R2 superoligomerization induced by the interdimerization of KMTR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tamada
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shinmi
- Research Core Function Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Immunology &Allergy Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yonezawa
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shiro Kataoka
- Business Development Department, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8185, Japan
| | - Ryota Kuroki
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Eiji Mori
- R&D Planning Department, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8185, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Motoki
- Oncology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
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41
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Guiho R, Biteau K, Heymann D, Redini F. TRAIL-based therapy in pediatric bone tumors: how to overcome resistance. Future Oncol 2015; 11:535-42. [PMID: 25675131 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, the two most frequent malignant primary tumors preferentially arise in children and young adults, and have a poor prognosis. TRAIL represents a promising therapeutic approach for most cancers but in the case of primary bone tumors, osteosarcoma cell lines are highly resistant to this pro-apoptotic cytokine. In addition, another signaling pathway mediating cell proliferation and migration may be even activated in this subset of resistant cells leading to protumoral effect. Therapeutic perspectives are linked to possibility to overcome TRAIL resistance by combining other drugs with TRAIL or death receptors agonistic antibodies. We hypothesized that the bone microenvironment may provide a favorable niche for TRAIL resistance that might be targeted by new resensitizing agents.
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42
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Milutinovic S, Kashyap AK, Yanagi T, Wimer C, Zhou S, O'Neil R, Kurtzman AL, Faynboym A, Xu L, Hannum CH, Diaz PW, Matsuzawa SI, Horowitz M, Horowitz L, Bhatt RR, Reed JC. Dual Agonist Surrobody Simultaneously Activates Death Receptors DR4 and DR5 to Induce Cancer Cell Death. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:114-24. [PMID: 26516157 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Death receptors of the TNF family are found on the surface of most cancer cells and their activation typically kills cancer cells through the stimulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The endogenous ligand for death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5) is TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL (Apo2L). As most untransformed cells are not susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, death receptor activators have emerged as promising cancer therapeutic agents. One strategy to stimulate death receptors in cancer patients is to use soluble human recombinant TRAIL protein, but this agent has limitations of a short half-life and decoy receptor sequestration. Another strategy that attempted to evade decoy receptor sequestration and to provide improved pharmacokinetic properties was to generate DR4 or DR5 agonist antibodies. The resulting monoclonal agonist antibodies overcame the limitations of short half-life and avoided decoy receptor sequestration, but are limited by activating only one of the two death receptors. Here, we describe a DR4 and DR5 dual agonist produced using Surrobody technology that activates both DR4 and DR5 to induce apoptotic death of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and also avoids decoy receptor sequestration. This fully human anti-DR4/DR5 Surrobody displays superior potency to DR4- and DR5-specific antibodies, even when combined with TRAIL-sensitizing proapoptotic agents. Moreover, cancer cells were less likely to acquire resistance to Surrobody than either anti-DR4 or anti-DR5 monospecific antibodies. Taken together, Surrobody shows promising preclinical proapoptotic activity against cancer cells, meriting further exploration of its potential as a novel cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teruki Yanagi
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Carina Wimer
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Sihong Zhou
- Sea Lane Biotechnologies, Mountain View, California. Sutro Biopharma, South San Francisco, California
| | - Ryann O'Neil
- Sea Lane Biotechnologies, Mountain View, California. Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California
| | - Aaron L Kurtzman
- Sea Lane Biotechnologies, Mountain View, California. Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Li Xu
- Sea Lane Biotechnologies, Mountain View, California
| | - Charles H Hannum
- Sea Lane Biotechnologies, Mountain View, California. Oxford BioTherapeutics, San Jose, California
| | | | - Shu-ichi Matsuzawa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Ramesh R Bhatt
- Sea Lane Biotechnologies, Mountain View, California. Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - John C Reed
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
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43
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Reddy A, Growney JD, Wilson NS, Emery CM, Johnson JA, Ward R, Monaco KA, Korn J, Monahan JE, Stump MD, Mapa FA, Wilson CJ, Steiger J, Ledell J, Rickles RJ, Myer VE, Ettenberg SA, Schlegel R, Sellers WR, Huet HA, Lehár J. Gene Expression Ratios Lead to Accurate and Translatable Predictors of DR5 Agonism across Multiple Tumor Lineages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138486. [PMID: 26378449 PMCID: PMC4574744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Death Receptor 5 (DR5) agonists demonstrate anti-tumor activity in preclinical models but have yet to demonstrate robust clinical responses. A key limitation may be the lack of patient selection strategies to identify those most likely to respond to treatment. To overcome this limitation, we screened a DR5 agonist Nanobody across >600 cell lines representing 21 tumor lineages and assessed molecular features associated with response. High expression of DR5 and Casp8 were significantly associated with sensitivity, but their expression thresholds were difficult to translate due to low dynamic ranges. To address the translational challenge of establishing thresholds of gene expression, we developed a classifier based on ratios of genes that predicted response across lineages. The ratio classifier outperformed the DR5+Casp8 classifier, as well as standard approaches for feature selection and classification using genes, instead of ratios. This classifier was independently validated using 11 primary patient-derived pancreatic xenograft models showing perfect predictions as well as a striking linearity between prediction probability and anti-tumor response. A network analysis of the genes in the ratio classifier captured important biological relationships mediating drug response, specifically identifying key positive and negative regulators of DR5 mediated apoptosis, including DR5, CASP8, BID, cFLIP, XIAP and PEA15. Importantly, the ratio classifier shows translatability across gene expression platforms (from Affymetrix microarrays to RNA-seq) and across model systems (in vitro to in vivo). Our approach of using gene expression ratios presents a robust and novel method for constructing translatable biomarkers of compound response, which can also probe the underlying biology of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Reddy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph D. Growney
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Nick S. Wilson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Caroline M. Emery
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Johnson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Ward
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Kelli A. Monaco
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Joshua Korn
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - John E. Monahan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Stump
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Felipa A. Mapa
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Wilson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Janine Steiger
- Horizon CombinatoRx, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jebediah Ledell
- Horizon CombinatoRx, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Vic E. Myer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Seth A. Ettenberg
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert Schlegel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - William R. Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Huet
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Lehár
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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44
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Kang Z, Goldstein SD, Yu Y, Meltzer PS, Loeb DM, Cao L. Caspase-8 expression is predictive of tumour response to death receptor 5 agonist antibody in Ewing's sarcoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:894-901. [PMID: 26291055 PMCID: PMC4578089 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite good initial response to chemotherapy, 30% of Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) patients with localised tumours develop recurrent disease, associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to address this challenge by conducting preclinical evaluation of a death receptor targeted agent in vitro and in vivo, and by identifying predictive biomarkers. METHODS Cell viability assays, drug dose responses, immunoblots, rescue with gene transfer, mice tumour models, and statistical comparisons of tumour growth and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS This study shows that many EWS cell lines are selectively sensitive to a death receptor DR5 antibody and are more resistant to a DR4 antibody. Preclinical evaluation of these cell lines indicates their sensitivity to human DR5 agonist antibody conatumumab in vitro, which induces rapid activation of caspase-8 and apoptosis. We also found that sensitivity to conatumumab correlates with expression of caspase-8. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of caspase-8 is both necessary and sufficient to confer this sensitivity. In vivo, conatumumab is active against an EWS cell line and a patient-derived xenograft with higher caspase-8 expression, but is not effective against another with lower caspase-8 expression. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest the potential of conatumumab as a therapeutic agent against EWS and caspase-8 as a predictive biomarker for sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/enzymology
- Bone Neoplasms/immunology
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Mice
- Random Allocation
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/agonists
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/enzymology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Kang
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Seth D Goldstein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yunkai Yu
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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45
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Huet HA, Growney JD, Johnson JA, Li J, Bilic S, Ostrom L, Zafari M, Kowal C, Yang G, Royo A, Jensen M, Dombrecht B, Meerschaert KRA, Kolkman JA, Cromie KD, Mosher R, Gao H, Schuller A, Isaacs R, Sellers WR, Ettenberg SA. Multivalent nanobodies targeting death receptor 5 elicit superior tumor cell killing through efficient caspase induction. MAbs 2015; 6:1560-70. [PMID: 25484045 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.975099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple therapeutic agonists of death receptor 5 (DR5) have been developed and are under clinical evaluation. Although these agonists demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity in preclinical models, the clinical efficacy in human cancer patients has been notably disappointing. One possible explanation might be that the current classes of therapeutic molecules are not sufficiently potent to elicit significant response in patients, particularly for dimeric antibody agonists that require secondary cross-linking via Fcγ receptors expressed on immune cells to achieve optimal clustering of DR5. To overcome this limitation, a novel multivalent Nanobody approach was taken with the goal of generating a significantly more potent DR5 agonist. In the present study, we show that trivalent DR5 targeting Nanobodies mimic the activity of natural ligand, and furthermore, increasing the valency of domains to tetramer and pentamer markedly increased potency of cell killing on tumor cells, with pentamers being more potent than tetramers in vitro. Increased potency was attributed to faster kinetics of death-inducing signaling complex assembly and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. In vivo, multivalent Nanobody molecules elicited superior anti-tumor activity compared to a conventional DR5 agonist antibody, including the ability to induce tumor regression in an insensitive patient-derived primary pancreatic tumor model. Furthermore, complete responses to Nanobody treatment were obtained in up to 50% of patient-derived primary pancreatic and colon tumor models, suggesting that multivalent DR5 Nanobodies may represent a significant new therapeutic modality for targeting death receptor signaling.
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Key Words
- % T/C, percent tumor volume change treated over control
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AUC, area under the curve
- BW, body weight
- DISC, death inducing signaling complex
- DR5
- DR5, death receptor 5
- Death Receptor
- FADD, Fas associated death domain
- N/A, not assessed
- NS, not significant
- Nanobody
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- T, mean tumor size
- TNFR, tumor necrosis factor receptor
- TRAIL
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand
- TV, tumor volume
- VHH, heavy heavy variable domain
- apoptosis
- caspase
- i.v., intravenous
- x-LBY135, cross-linked LBY135
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Huet
- a Oncology Research; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research ; Cambridge , MA USA
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46
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Liu Y, Hawkins OE, Vilgelm AE, Pawlikowski JS, Ecsedy JA, Sosman JA, Kelley MC, Richmond A. Combining an Aurora Kinase Inhibitor and a Death Receptor Ligand/Agonist Antibody Triggers Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells and Prevents Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5338-48. [PMID: 26152738 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies show that inhibition of aurora kinases in melanoma tumors induces senescence and reduces tumor growth, but does not cause tumor regression. Additional preclinical models are needed to identify agents that will synergize with aurora kinase inhibitors to induce tumor regression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We combined treatment with an aurora kinase A inhibitor, MLN8237, with agents that activate death receptors (Apo2L/TRAIL or death receptor 5 agonists) and monitored the ability of this treatment to induce tumor apoptosis and melanoma tumor regression using human cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. RESULTS We found that this combined treatment led to apoptosis and markedly reduced cell viability. Mechanistic analysis showed that the induction of tumor cell senescence in response to the AURKA inhibitor resulted in a decreased display of Apo2L/TRAIL decoy receptors and increased display of one Apo2L/TRAIL receptor (death receptor 5), resulting in enhanced response to death receptor ligand/agonists. When death receptors were activated in senescent tumor cells, both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were induced independent of BRAF, NRAS, or p53 mutation status. Senescent tumor cells exhibited BID-mediated mitochondrial depolarization in response to Apo2L/TRAIL treatment. In addition, senescent tumor cells had a lower apoptotic threshold due to decreased XIAP and survivin expression. Melanoma tumor xenografts of one human cell line and one PDX displayed total blockage of tumor growth when treated with MLN8237 combined with DR5 agonist antibody. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a strong rationale for combining senescence-inducing therapeutics with death receptor agonists for improved cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Oriana E Hawkins
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Vilgelm
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey S Pawlikowski
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey A Ecsedy
- Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International C, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark C Kelley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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47
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Roux J, Hafner M, Bandara S, Sims JJ, Hudson H, Chai D, Sorger PK. Fractional killing arises from cell-to-cell variability in overcoming a caspase activity threshold. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:803. [PMID: 25953765 PMCID: PMC4461398 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
When cells are exposed to death ligands such as TRAIL, a fraction undergoes apoptosis and a fraction survives; if surviving cells are re-exposed to TRAIL, fractional killing is once again observed. Therapeutic antibodies directed against TRAIL receptors also cause fractional killing, even at saturating concentrations, limiting their effectiveness. Fractional killing arises from cell-to-cell fluctuations in protein levels (extrinsic noise), but how this results in a clean bifurcation between life and death remains unclear. In this paper, we identify a threshold in the rate and timing of initiator caspase activation that distinguishes cells that live from those that die; by mapping this threshold, we can predict fractional killing of cells exposed to natural and synthetic agonists alone or in combination with sensitizing drugs such as bortezomib. A phenomenological model of the threshold also quantifies the contributions of two resistance genes (c-FLIP and Bcl-2), providing new insight into the control of cell fate by opposing pro-death and pro-survival proteins and suggesting new criteria for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic TRAIL receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Roux
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Hafner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Bandara
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua J Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Diana Chai
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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48
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Anania VG, Lill JR. Proteomic tools for the characterization of cell death mechanisms in drug discovery. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:671-83. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica G. Anania
- Department of Biomarker Development; Genentech, Inc; South San Francisco CA USA
| | - Jennie R. Lill
- Department of Protein Chemistry; Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco CA USA
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49
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Cristofanon S, Abhari BA, Krueger M, Tchoghandjian A, Momma S, Calaminus C, Vucic D, Pichler BJ, Fulda S. Identification of RIP1 as a critical mediator of Smac mimetic-mediated sensitization of glioblastoma cells for Drozitumab-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1724. [PMID: 25880091 PMCID: PMC4650534 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at evaluating the combination of the tumor-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2)-specific antibody Drozitumab and the Smac mimetic BV6 in preclinical glioblastoma models. To this end, the effect of BV6 and/or Drozitumab on apoptosis induction and signaling pathways was analyzed in glioblastoma cell lines, primary glioblastoma cultures and glioblastoma stem-like cells. Here, we report that BV6 and Drozitumab synergistically induce apoptosis and reduce colony formation in several glioblastoma cell lines (combination index<0.1). Also, BV6 profoundly enhances Drozitumab-induced apoptosis in primary glioblastoma cultures and glioblastoma stem-like cells. Importantly, BV6 cooperates with Drozitumab to suppress tumor growth in two glioblastoma in vivo models including an orthotopic, intracranial mouse model, underlining the clinical relevance of these findings. Mechanistic studies reveal that BV6 and Drozitumab act in concert to trigger the formation of a cytosolic receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 1/Fas-associated via death domain (FADD)/caspase-8-containing complex and subsequent activation of caspase-8 and -3. BV6- and Drozitumab-induced apoptosis is blocked by the caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk, pointing to caspase-dependent apoptosis. RNA interference-mediated silencing of RIP1 almost completely abolishes the BV6-conferred sensitization to Drozitumab-induced apoptosis, indicating that the synergism critically depends on RIP1 expression. In contrast, both necrostatin-1, a RIP1 kinase inhibitor, and Enbrel, a TNFα-blocking antibody, do not interfere with BV6/Drozitumab-induced apoptosis, demonstrating that apoptosis occurs independently of RIP1 kinase activity or an autocrine TNFα loop. In conclusion, the rational combination of BV6 and Drozitumab presents a promising approach to trigger apoptosis in glioblastoma, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cristofanon
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B A Abhari
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Krueger
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Tchoghandjian
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Momma
- Institute of Neuropathology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Calaminus
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - D Vucic
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S Fulda
- 1] Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany [3] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Edgington LE, Bogyo M. In vivo imaging and biochemical characterization of protease function using fluorescent activity-based probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:25-44. [PMID: 23788323 DOI: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based probes (ABPs) are reactive small molecules that covalently bind to active enzymes. When tagged with a fluorophore, ABPs serve as powerful tools to investigate enzymatic activity across a wide variety of applications. In this article, detailed protocols are provided for using fluorescent ABPs to biochemically characterize the activity of proteases in vitro. Furthermore, descriptions are provided of how these probes can be applied to image protease activity in live animals and tissues along with subsequent analysis by histology, flow cytometry, and SDS-PAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Edgington
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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