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Ordoñez-Razo RM, Gutierrez-López Y, Araujo-Solis MA, Benitez-King G, Ramírez-Sánchez I, Galicia G. Overexpression of miR-25 Downregulates the Expression of ROBO2 in Idiopathic Intellectual Disability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3953. [PMID: 38612763 PMCID: PMC11011991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic intellectual disability (IID) encompasses the cases of intellectual disability (ID) without a known cause and represents approximately 50% of all cases. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from the olfactory neuroepithelium (NEO) contain the same information as the cells found in the brain, but they are more accessible. Some miRNAs have been identified and associated with ID of known etiology. However, in idiopathic ID, the effect of miRNAs is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the miRNAs regulating the expression of mRNAs that may be involved in development of IID. Expression profiles were obtained using NPC-NEO cells from IID patients and healthy controls by microarray. A total of 796 miRNAs and 28,869 mRNAs were analyzed. Several miRNAs were overexpressed in the IID patients compared to controls. miR-25 had the greatest expression. In silico analysis showed that ROBO2 was the target for miR-25, with the highest specificity and being the most down-regulated. In vitro assay showed an increase of miR-25 expression induced a decrease in ROBO2 expression. In neurodevelopment, ROBO2 plays a crucial role in episodic learning and memory, so its down-regulation, caused by miR-25, could have a fundamental role in the intellectual disability that, until now, has been considered idiopathic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Ordoñez-Razo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría “Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (Y.G.-L.); (G.G.)
| | - Yessica Gutierrez-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría “Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (Y.G.-L.); (G.G.)
| | - María Antonieta Araujo-Solis
- Departamento Clínico de Genética Médica, Hospital de Pediatría “Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico;
| | - Gloria Benitez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Mexico City CP 14370, Mexico;
| | - Israel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Galicia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría “Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (Y.G.-L.); (G.G.)
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Gonda Y, Namba T, Hanashima C. Beyond Axon Guidance: Roles of Slit-Robo Signaling in Neocortical Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607415. [PMID: 33425915 PMCID: PMC7785817 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the neocortex relies on intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules that are involved in the sequential steps of corticogenesis, ranging from the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells to the migration and dendrite formation of neocortical neurons. Abnormalities in these steps lead to disruption of the cortical structure and circuit, and underly various neurodevelopmental diseases, including dyslexia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we focus on the axon guidance signaling Slit-Robo, and address the multifaceted roles of Slit-Robo signaling in neocortical development. Recent studies have clarified the roles of Slit-Robo signaling not only in axon guidance but also in progenitor cell proliferation and migration, and the maturation of neocortical neurons. We further discuss the etiology of neurodevelopmental diseases, which are caused by defects in Slit-Robo signaling during neocortical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Gonda
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Namba
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE – Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina Hanashima
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Alterations of chromosome 3p in 24 cases of gastrinomas and their correlations with clinicopathological and prognostic features. JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jp9.0000000000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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4
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Uhr K, Prager-van der Smissen WJC, Heine AAJ, Ozturk B, van Jaarsveld MTM, Boersma AWM, Jager A, Wiemer EAC, Smid M, Foekens JA, Martens JWM. MicroRNAs as possible indicators of drug sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216400. [PMID: 31063487 PMCID: PMC6504094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. In this way they might influence whether a cell is sensitive or resistant to a certain drug. So far, only a limited number of relatively small scale studies comprising few cell lines and/or drugs have been performed. To obtain a broader view on miRNAs and their association with drug response, we investigated the expression levels of 411 miRNAs in relation to drug sensitivity in 36 breast cancer cell lines. For this purpose IC50 values of a drug screen involving 34 drugs were associated with miRNA expression data of the same breast cancer cell lines. Since molecular subtype of the breast cancer cell lines is considered a confounding factor in drug association studies, multivariate analysis taking subtype into account was performed on significant miRNA-drug associations which retained 13 associations. These associations consisted of 11 different miRNAs and eight different drugs (among which Paclitaxel, Docetaxel and Veliparib). The taxanes, Paclitaxel and Docetaxel, were the only drugs having miRNAs in common: hsa-miR-187-5p and hsa-miR-106a-3p indicative of drug resistance while Paclitaxel sensitivity alone associated with hsa-miR-556-5p. Tivantinib was associated with hsa-let-7d-5p and hsa-miR-18a-5p for sensitivity and hsa-miR-637 for resistance. Drug sensitivity was associated with hsa-let-7a-5p for Bortezomib, hsa-miR-135a-3p for JNJ-707 and hsa-miR-185-3p for Panobinostat. Drug resistance was associated with hsa-miR-182-5p for Veliparib and hsa-miR-629-5p for Tipifarnib. Pathway analysis for significant miRNAs was performed to reveal biological roles, aiding to find a potential mechanistic link for the observed associations with drug response. By doing so hsa-miR-187-5p was linked to the cell cycle G2-M checkpoint in line with this checkpoint being the target of taxanes. In conclusion, our study shows that miRNAs could potentially serve as biomarkers for intrinsic drug resistance and that pathway analyses can provide additional information in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Uhr
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy J. C. Prager-van der Smissen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk A. J. Heine
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bahar Ozturk
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn T. M. van Jaarsveld
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius W. M. Boersma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A. C. Wiemer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Xia Y, Wang L, Xu Z, Kong R, Wang F, Yin K, Xu J, Li B, He Z, Wang L, Xu H, Zhang D, Yang L, Wu JY, Xu Z. Reduced USP33 expression in gastric cancer decreases inhibitory effects of Slit2-Robo1 signalling on cell migration and EMT. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12606. [PMID: 30896071 PMCID: PMC6536419 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, causing a large number of deaths every year. The Slit-Robo signalling pathway, initially discovered for its critical role in neuronal guidance, has recently been shown to modulate tumour invasion and metastasis in several human cancers. However, the role of Slit-Robo signalling and the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer remains to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Slit2, Robo1 and USP33 expressions were analysed in datasets obtained from the Oncomine database and measured in human gastric cancer specimens. The function of Slit2-Robo1-USP33 signalling on gastric cancer cells migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was studied both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of the interaction between Robo1 and USP33 was explored by co-IP and ubiquitination protein analysis. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of Slit2 and Robo1 are lower in GC tissues relative to those in adjacent healthy tissues. Importantly, Slit2 inhibits GC cell migration and suppresses EMT process in a Robo-dependent manner. The inhibitory function of Slit2-Robo1 is mediated by ubiquitin-specific protease 33 (USP33) via deubiquitinating and stabilizing Robo1. USP33 expression is decreased in GC tissues, and reduced USP33 level is correlated with poor patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the inhibitory function of Slit-Robo signalling in GC and uncovers a role of USP33 in suppressing cancer cell migration and EMT by enhancing Slit2-Robo1 signalling. USP33 represents a feasible choice as a prognostic biomarker for GC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Down-Regulation
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Stability
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism
- Ubiquitination
- Roundabout Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xia
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ruirui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jane Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterChicagoIllinois
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineSchool of Publich HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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6
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Villacis RAR, Abreu FB, Miranda PM, Domingues MAC, Carraro DM, Santos EMM, Andrade VP, Rossi BM, Achatz MI, Rogatto SR. ROBO1 deletion as a novel germline alteration in breast and colorectal cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:3145-53. [PMID: 26427657 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite one third of breast (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cases having a hereditary component, only a small proportion can be explained by germline mutations. The aim of this study was to identify potential genomic alterations related to cancer predisposition. Copy number variations (CNVs) were interrogated in 113 unrelated cases fulfilling the criteria for hereditary BC/CRC and presenting non-pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, TP53, and CHEK2 genes. An identical germline deep intronic deletion of ROBO1 was identified in three index patients using two microarray platforms (Agilent 4x180K and Affymetrix CytoScan HD). The ROBO1 deletion was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Six relatives were also evaluated by CytoScan HD Array. Genomic analysis confirmed a co-segregation of the ROBO1 deletion with the occurrence of cancer in two families. Direct sequencing revealed no pathogenic ROBO1 point mutations. Transcriptomic analysis (HTA 2.0, Affymetrix) in two breast carcinomas from a single patient revealed ROBO1 down-expression with no splicing events near the intronic deletion. Deeper in silico analysis showed several enhancer regions and a histone methylation mark in the deleted region. The ROBO1 deletion in a putative transcriptional regulatory region, its down-expression in tumor samples, and the results of the co-segregation analysis revealing the presence of the alteration in affected individuals suggest a pathogenic effect of the ROBO1 in cancer predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A R Villacis
- International Research Center (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá 440, São Paulo, CEP: 01508-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine B Abreu
- International Research Center (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá 440, São Paulo, CEP: 01508-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Miranda
- International Research Center (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá 440, São Paulo, CEP: 01508-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A C Domingues
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce M Carraro
- International Research Center (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá 440, São Paulo, CEP: 01508-010, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Victor P Andrade
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria I Achatz
- Department of Oncogenetics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia R Rogatto
- International Research Center (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá 440, São Paulo, CEP: 01508-010, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), CEP: 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Huang T, Kang W, Cheng ASL, Yu J, To KF. The emerging role of Slit-Robo pathway in gastric and other gastro intestinal cancers. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:950. [PMID: 26674478 PMCID: PMC4682238 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and one of the leading cause for cancer-related deaths. Due to the high frequency of metastasis, it is still one of the most lethal malignancies in which kinds of signaling pathways are involved in. The Roundabout (ROBO) receptors and their secreted SLIT glycoprotein ligands, which were originally identified as important axon guidance molecules, have implication in the regulation of neurons and glia, leukocytes, and endothelial cells migration. Recent researches also put high emphasis on the important roles of the Slit-Robo pathway in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. Herein we provide a comprehensive review on the role of these molecules and their associated signaling pathway in gastric and other gastrointestinal cancers. Improved knowledge of the Slit-Robo signaling pathway in gastric carcinoma will be useful for deep understanding the mechanisms of tumor development and identifying ideal targets of anticancer therapy in gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China.
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8
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Xu F, Wu LY, Chang CK, He Q, Zhang Z, Liu L, Shi WH, Guo J, Zhu Y, Zhao YS, Gu SC, Fei CM, Wu D, Zhou LY, Su JY, Song LX, Xiao C, Li X. Whole-exome and targeted sequencing identify ROBO1 and ROBO2 mutations as progression-related drivers in myelodysplastic syndromes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8806. [PMID: 26608094 PMCID: PMC4674765 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive mechanism underlying myelodysplastic syndrome remains unknown. Here we identify ROBO1 and ROBO2 as novel progression-related somatic mutations using whole-exome and targeted sequencing in 6 of 16 (37.5%) paired MDS patients with disease progression. Further deep sequencing detects 20 (10.4%) patients with ROBO mutations in a cohort of 193 MDS patients. In addition, copy number loss and loss of heterogeneity (LOH) of ROBO1 and ROBO2 are frequently observed in patients with progression or carrying ROBO mutations. In in vitro experiments, overexpression of ROBO1 or ROBO2 produces anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in leukaemia cells. However, this effect was lost in ROBO mutants and ROBO-SLIT2 signalling is impaired. Multivariate analysis shows that ROBO mutations are independent factors for predicting poor survival. These findings demonstrate a novel contribution of ROBO mutations to the pathogenesis of MDS and highlight a key role for ROBO-SLIT2 signalling in MDS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - You-Shan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shu-Cheng Gu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Fei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Li-Yu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji-Ying Su
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lu-Xi Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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9
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Huang Z, Wen P, Kong R, Cheng H, Zhang B, Quan C, Bian Z, Chen M, Zhang Z, Chen X, Du X, Liu J, Zhu L, Fushimi K, Hua D, Wu JY. USP33 mediates Slit-Robo signaling in inhibiting colorectal cancer cell migration. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:1792-802. [PMID: 25242263 PMCID: PMC4323690 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Originally discovered in neuronal guidance, the Slit-Robo pathway is emerging as an important player in human cancers. However, its involvement and mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that Slit2 expression is reduced in CRC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Extensive promoter hypermethylation of the Slit2 gene has been observed in CRC cells, which provides a mechanistic explanation for the Slit2 downregulation in CRC. Functional studies showed that Slit2 inhibits CRC cell migration in a Robo-dependent manner. Robo-interacting ubiquitin-specific protease 33 (USP33) is required for the inhibitory function of Slit2 on CRC cell migration by deubiquitinating and stabilizing Robo1. USP33 expression is downregulated in CRC samples, and reduced USP33 mRNA levels are correlated with increased tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and poor patient survival. Taken together, our data reveal USP33 as a previously unknown tumor-suppressing gene for CRC by mediating the inhibitory function of Slit-Robo signaling on CRC cell migration. Our work suggests the potential value of USP33 as an independent prognostic marker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214062, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Pushuai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214062, China
| | - Cao Quan
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214062, China
| | - Zehua Bian
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214062, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiang Du
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kazuo Fushimi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dong Hua
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214062, China
| | - Jane Y. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Abstract
Several lines of evidence exist that axon guidance genes are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Axon guidance genes ROBO1 and ROBO2 are candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSG). The aim of our study was to address whether ROBO1 and ROBO2 expressions are altered in prostate cancers (PCA). In this study, we analyzed ROBO1 and ROBO2 expressions in 107 PCAs. In the immunohistochemistry, loss of ROBO2 expression was identified in 66 % of PCAs and was significantly higher than that in normal cells (p < 0.001). By contrast, there was no significant difference of ROBO1 expression between normal and PCAs. Our results indicate that axon guidance protein ROBO2 is frequently lost in PCA and that ROBO2 might be involved in PCA pathogenesis as a candidate TSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 South Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 South Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 South Korea
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11
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Yeh ML, Gonda Y, Mommersteeg MTM, Barber M, Ypsilanti AR, Hanashima C, Parnavelas JG, Andrews WD. Robo1 modulates proliferation and neurogenesis in the developing neocortex. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5717-31. [PMID: 24741061 PMCID: PMC3988420 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4256-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The elaborate cytoarchitecture of the mammalian neocortex requires the timely production of its constituent pyramidal neurons and interneurons and their disposition in appropriate layers. Numerous chemotropic factors present in the forebrain throughout cortical development play important roles in the orchestration of these events. The Roundabout (Robo) family of receptors and their ligands, the Slit proteins, are expressed in the developing forebrain, and are known to play important roles in the generation and migration of cortical interneurons. However, few studies have investigated their function(s) in the development of pyramidal cells. Here, we observed expression of Robo1 and Slit genes (Slit1, Slit2) in cells lining the telencephalic ventricles, and found significant increases in progenitor cells (basal and apical) at embryonic day (E)12.5 and E14.5 in the developing cortex of Robo1(-/-), Slit1(-/-), and Slit1(-/-)/Slit2(-/-), but not in mice lacking the other Robo or Slit genes. Using layer-specific markers, we found that both early- and late-born pyramidal neuron populations were significantly increased in the cortices of Robo1(-/-) mice at the end of corticogenesis (E18.5). The excess number of cortical pyramidal neurons generated prenatally appears to die in early postnatal life. The observed increase in pyramidal neurons was due to prolonged proliferative activity of their progenitors and not due to changes in cell cycle events. This finding, confirmed by in utero electroporation with Robo1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or control constructs into progenitors along the ventricular zone as well as in dissociated cortical cell cultures, points to a novel role for Robo1 in regulating the proliferation and generation of pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason L. Yeh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6DE
| | - Yuko Gonda
- Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mathilda T. M. Mommersteeg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6DE
| | - Melissa Barber
- Institut Jacques-Monod, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS, 75201 Paris, France, and
| | | | - Carina Hanashima
- Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - John G. Parnavelas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6DE
| | - William D. Andrews
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6DE
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12
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Manichaikul A, Hoffman EA, Smolonska J, Gao W, Cho MH, Baumhauer H, Budoff M, Austin JHM, Washko GR, Carr JJ, Kaufman JD, Pottinger T, Powell CA, Wijmenga C, Zanen P, Groen HJM, Postma DS, Wanner A, Rouhani FN, Brantly ML, Powell R, Smith BM, Rabinowitz D, Raffel LJ, Hinckley Stukovsky KD, Crapo JD, Beaty TH, Hokanson JE, Silverman EK, Dupuis J, O’Connor GT, Boezen HM, Rich SS, Barr RG. Genome-wide study of percent emphysema on computed tomography in the general population. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Lung/SNP Health Association Resource Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:408-18. [PMID: 24383474 PMCID: PMC3977717 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201306-1061oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary emphysema overlaps partially with spirometrically defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is heritable, with moderately high familial clustering. OBJECTIVES To complete a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the percentage of emphysema-like lung on computed tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Lung/SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) Study, a large, population-based cohort in the United States. METHODS We determined percent emphysema and upper-lower lobe ratio in emphysema defined by lung regions less than -950 HU on cardiac scans. Genetic analyses were reported combined across four race/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic white (n = 2,587), African American (n = 2,510), Hispanic (n = 2,113), and Chinese (n = 704) and stratified by race and ethnicity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 7,914 participants, we identified regions at genome-wide significance for percent emphysema in or near SNRPF (rs7957346; P = 2.2 × 10(-8)) and PPT2 (rs10947233; P = 3.2 × 10(-8)), both of which replicated in an additional 6,023 individuals of European ancestry. Both single-nucleotide polymorphisms were previously implicated as genes influencing lung function, and analyses including lung function revealed independent associations for percent emphysema. Among Hispanics, we identified a genetic locus for upper-lower lobe ratio near the α-mannosidase-related gene MAN2B1 (rs10411619; P = 1.1 × 10(-9); minor allele frequency [MAF], 4.4%). Among Chinese, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with upper-lower lobe ratio near DHX15 (rs7698250; P = 1.8 × 10(-10); MAF, 2.7%) and MGAT5B (rs7221059; P = 2.7 × 10(-8); MAF, 2.6%), which acts on α-linked mannose. Among African Americans, a locus near a third α-mannosidase-related gene, MAN1C1 (rs12130495; P = 9.9 × 10(-6); MAF, 13.3%) was associated with percent emphysema. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that some genes previously identified as influencing lung function are independently associated with emphysema rather than lung function, and that genes related to α-mannosidase may influence risk of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, and
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eric A. Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Heather Baumhauer
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California
| | - John H. M. Austin
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - George R. Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, and
| | - Tess Pottinger
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | | | | | - Pieter Zanen
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dirkje S. Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, and
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Wanner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Farshid N. Rouhani
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark L. Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rhea Powell
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | | | | | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - James D. Crapo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John E. Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
| | - George T. O’Connor
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - H. Marike Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - R. Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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13
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Quantitative profiling of the rat heart myoblast secretome reveals differential responses to hypoxia and re-oxygenation stress. J Proteomics 2014; 98:138-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Roundabout receptors (Robo) and their Slit ligands were discovered in the 1990s and found to be key players in axon guidance. Slit was initially described s an extracellular matrix protein that was expressed by midline glia in Drosophila. A few years later, it was shown that, in vertebrates and invertebrates, Slits acted as chemorepellents for axons crossing the midline. Robo proteins were originally discovered in Drosophila in a mutant screen for genes involved in the regulation of midline crossing. This ligand-receptor pair has since been implicated in a variety of other neuronal and non-neuronal processes ranging from cell migration to angiogenesis, tumourigenesis and even organogenesis of tissues such as kidneys, lungs and breasts.
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15
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Je EM, Gwak M, Oh H, Choi MR, Choi YJ, Lee SH, Yoo NJ. Frameshift mutations of axon guidance genes ROBO1 and ROBO2 in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Pathology 2013; 45:645-50. [PMID: 24247621 DOI: 10.1097/pat.0000000000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several lines of evidence indicate that axon guidance genes are involved not only in neural development but also in cancer development. ROBO1 and ROBO2, crucial regulators of axon guidance, are considered potential tumour suppressor genes. The aim of this study was to explore whether ROBO1 and ROBO2 genes are somatically mutated and expressionally altered in gastric (GC) and colorectal cancers (CRC). METHODS In a public database, we observed that both ROBO1 and ROBO2 had mononucleotide repeats in their coding exons that could be mutation targets in cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). We analysed mutations of these repeats in 77 GC and 88 CRC either with high MSI (MSI-H) or low MSI/microsatellite stability (MSI-L/MSS) by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing. We analysed ROBO1 and ROBO2 expressions in GC and CRC by immunohistochemistry as well. RESULTS Overall, we found five ROBO1 and five ROBO2 frameshift mutations in the repeats. They were detected exclusively in the cancers with MSI-H (10/70, 14.2%), but not in MSI-L/MSS (0/95, 0%) (p=0.018). In the immunohistochemistry, loss of ROBO2 expression was identified in 22 (29%) and 17 (19%) of GC and CRC, respectively, while increased expression of ROBO2 was found in 15 (20%) and 22 (25%) of GC and CRC, respectively. There were co-occurrences of mutation and loss of expression in both ROBO1 (4/5, 80% mutated cases, p<0.001) and ROBO2 (5/5, 100% mutated cases, p<0.05) genes. CONCLUSION This is the first report of ROBO1 and ROBO2 frameshift mutations in GC and CRC. Frameshift mutations of ROBO1 and ROBO2 genes and alteration of ROBO2 expression in GC and CRC suggest that both genes might play roles in the pathogenesis of GC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Je
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Chang PH, Hwang-Verslues WW, Chang YC, Chen CC, Hsiao M, Jeng YM, Chang KJ, Lee EYHP, Shew JY, Lee WH. Activation of Robo1 signaling of breast cancer cells by Slit2 from stromal fibroblast restrains tumorigenesis via blocking PI3K/Akt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4652-61. [PMID: 22826604 PMCID: PMC3445732 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating tumor progression by secreting factors that mediate cancer cell growth. Stromal fibroblasts can promote tumor growth through paracrine factors; however, restraint of malignant carcinoma progression by the microenvironment also has been observed. The mechanisms that underlie this paradox remain unknown. Here, we report that the tumorigenic potential of breast cancer cells is determined by an interaction between the Robo1 receptor and its ligand Slit2, which is secreted by stromal fibroblasts. The presence of an active Slit2/Robo1 signal blocks the translocation of β-catenin into nucleus, leading to downregulation of c-myc and cyclin D1 via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Clinically, high Robo1 expression in the breast cancer cells correlates with increased survival in patients with breast cancer, and low Slit2 expression in the stromal fibroblasts is associated with lymph node metastasis. Together, our findings explain how a specific tumor microenvironment can restrain a given type of cancer cell from progression and show that both stromal fibroblasts and tumor cell heterogeneity affect breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Mitra S, Mazumder-Indra D, Mondal RK, Basu PS, Roy A, Roychoudhury S, Panda CK. Inactivation of SLIT2-ROBO1/2 pathway in premalignant lesions of uterine cervix: clinical and prognostic significances. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38342. [PMID: 22719878 PMCID: PMC3374764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLIT2-ROBO1/2 pathways control diverse biological processes, including growth regulation. To understand the role of SLIT2 and ROBO1/2 in cervical carcinogenesis, firstly their RNA expression profiles were screened in 21 primary uterine cervical carcinoma (CACX) samples and two CACX cell lines. Highly reduced expressions of these genes were evident. Concomitant alterations [deletion/methylation] of the genes were then analyzed in 23 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 110 CACX samples. In CIN, SLIT2 was deleted in 22% samples compared to 9% for ROBO1 and none for ROBO2, whereas comparable methylation was observed for both SLIT2 (30%) and ROBO1 (22%) followed by ROBO2 (9%). In CACX, alteration of the genes were in the following order: Deletion:ROBO1 (48%) > SLIT2 (35%) > ROBO2 (33%), Methylation:SLIT2 (34%) > ROBO1 (29%) > ROBO2 (26%). Overall alterations of SLIT2 and/or ROBO1 (44%) and SLIT2 and/or ROBO2 (39%) were high in CIN followed by significant increase in stage I/II tumors, suggesting deregulation of these interactions in premalignant lesions and early invasive tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of SLIT2 and ROBO1/2 in CACX also showed reduced expression concordant with molecular alterations. Alteration of all these genes predicted poor patient outcome. Multiparous (≥ 5) women with altered SLIT2 and ROBO1 along with advanced tumor stage (III/IV) and early sexual debut (<19 years) had worst prognosis. Our data suggests the importance of abrogation of SLIT2-ROBO1 and SLIT2-ROBO2 interactions in the initiation and progression of CACX and also for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraboni Mitra
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjana Mazumder-Indra
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranajit K. Mondal
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha S. Basu
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anup Roy
- North Bengal Medical College, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay K. Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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18
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Niu Z, Jin W, Zhang L, Li X. Tumor suppressor RBM5 directly interacts with the DExD/H-box protein DHX15 and stimulates its helicase activity. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:977-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Harburg GC, Hinck L. Navigating breast cancer: axon guidance molecules as breast cancer tumor suppressors and oncogenes. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:257-70. [PMID: 21818544 PMCID: PMC4083826 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Slit, Netrin, Ephrin, and Semaphorin's roles in development have expanded greatly in the past decade from their original characterization as axon guidance molecules (AGMs) to include roles as regulators of tissue morphogenesis and development in diverse organs. In the mammary gland, AGMs are important for maintaining normal cell proliferation and adhesion during development. The frequent dysregulation of AGM expression during tumorigenesis and tumor progression suggests that AGMs also play a crucial role as tumor suppressors and oncogenes in breast cancer. Moreover, these findings suggest that AGMs may be excellent targets for new breast cancer prognostic tests and more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndolen C. Harburg
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology University of California, Santa Cruz CA 95064
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology University of California, Santa Cruz CA 95064
- Corresponding Author:
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20
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Dyrsø T, Li J, Wang K, Lindebjerg J, Kølvraa S, Bolund L, Jakobsen A, Bruun-Petersen G, Li S, Crüger DG. Identification of chromosome aberrations in sporadic microsatellite stable and unstable colorectal cancers using array comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Genet 2011; 204:84-95. [PMID: 21504706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in Denmark and in the western world in general, and the prognosis is generally poor. According to the traditional molecular classification of sporadic colorectal cancer, microsatellite stable (MSS)/chromosome unstable (CIN) colorectal cancers constitute approximately 85% of sporadic cases, whereas microsatellite unstable (MSI) cases constitute the remaining 15%. In this study, we used array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to identify genomic hotspot regions that harbor recurrent copy number changes. The study material comprised fresh samples from 40 MSS tumors and 20 MSI tumors obtained from 60 Danish CRC patients. We identified five small genomic regions (<15 megabases) exhibiting recurrent copy number loss, which, to our knowledge, have not been reported in previously published aCGH studies of CRC: 3p25.3, 3p21.2-p21.31, 5q13.2, 12q24.23-q24.31, and 12q24.23-q24.31. These regions contain several potentially important tumor suppressor genes that may play a role in a significant proportion of both sporadic MSS CRC and MSI CRC. Furthermore, the generated aCGH data are in support of the recently proposed classification of sporadic CRC into MSS CIN+, MSI CIN-, MSI CIN+, and MSS CIN- cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dyrsø
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Denmark.
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21
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Enjuanes A, Fernàndez V, Hernández L, Navarro A, Beà S, Pinyol M, López-Guillermo A, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Campo E, Jares P. Identification of methylated genes associated with aggressive clinicopathological features in mantle cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19736. [PMID: 21603610 PMCID: PMC3095614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is genetically characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation and a high number of secondary chromosomal alterations. The contribution of DNA methylation to MCL lymphomagenesis is not well known. We sought to identify epigenetically silenced genes in these tumours that might have clinical relevance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To identify potential methylated genes in MCL we initially investigated seven MCL cell lines treated with epigenetic drugs and gene expression microarray profiling. The methylation status of selected candidate genes was validated by a quantitative assay and subsequently analyzed in a series of primary MCL (n = 38). After pharmacological reversion we identified 252 potentially methylated genes. The methylation analysis of a subset of these genes (n = 25) in the MCL cell lines and normal B lymphocytes confirmed that 80% of them were methylated in the cell lines but not in normal lymphocytes. The subsequent analysis in primary MCL identified five genes (SOX9, HOXA9, AHR, NR2F2, and ROBO1) frequently methylated in these tumours. The gene methylation events tended to occur in the same primary neoplasms and correlated with higher proliferation, increased number of chromosomal abnormalities, and shorter survival of the patients. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a set of genes whose methylation degree and gene expression levels correlate with aggressive clinicopathological features of MCL. Our findings also suggest that a subset of MCL might show a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) that may influence the behaviour of the tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Enjuanes
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verònica Fernàndez
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Hernández
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Navarro
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Pinyol
- Genomics Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elías Campo
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Jares
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Genomics Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Dai CF, Jiang YZ, Li Y, Wang K, Liu PS, Patankar MS, Zheng J. Expression and roles of Slit/Robo in human ovarian cancer. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:475-85. [PMID: 21465248 PMCID: PMC3280508 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Slit glycoproteins and their Roundabout (Robo) receptors regulate migration and growth of many types of cells including human cancer cells. However, little is known about the expression and roles of Slit/Robo in human ovarian cancer. Herein, we examined the expression of Slit/Robo in human normal and malignant ovarian tissues and its potential participation in regulating migration and proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells using two ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3. We demonstrated that Slit2/3 and Robo1 were immunolocalized primarily in stromal cells in human normal ovaries and in cancer cells in many histotypes of ovarian cancer tissues. Protein expression of Slit2/3 and Robo1/4 was also identified in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells. However, recombinant human Slit2 did not significantly affect SKOV-3 cell migration, and OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cell proliferation. Slit2 also did not induce ERK1/2 and AKT1 phosphorylation in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells. The current findings indicate that three major members (Slit2/3 and Robo1) of Slit/Robo family are widely expressed in the human normal and malignant ovarian tissues and in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells. However, Slit/Robo signaling may not play an important role in regulating human ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Feng Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, 202 S. Park St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Yi Zhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, 202 S. Park St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, 202 S. Park St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, 202 S. Park St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Pei Shu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, 202 S. Park St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, 202 S. Park St, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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23
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Bauer K, Dowejko A, Bosserhoff AK, Reichert TE, Bauer R. Slit-2 facilitates interaction of P-cadherin with Robo-3 and inhibits cell migration in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:935-43. [PMID: 21459757 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Slits are a group of secreted glycoproteins that act as molecular guidance cues in cellular migration. Recently, several studies demonstrated that Slit-2 can operate as candidate tumour suppressor protein in various tissues. In this study, we show Slit-2 expression in basal cell layers of normal oral mucosa colocalized with P-cadherin expression. In contrast, there is a loss of Slit-2 and P-cadherin expression in mucosa of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our in vitro investigations reveal a correlation of P-cadherin and Slit-2 expression: OSCC cells with induced P-cadherin expression (PCI52_PC) display an increased Slit-2 expression. However, abrogating P-cadherin function with a function-blocking antibody decreases Slit-2 secretion confirming a direct link between P-cadherin and Slit-2. Moreover, experiments with OSCC cells show that Slit-2 interferes with a Wnt related signalling pathway, which in turn affects Slit-2 expression in a feedback loop. Functionally, transwell migration assays demonstrate a Slit-2 dose-dependent decrease of PCI52_PC cell migration. However, there is no influence on migration in mock control cells. Responsible for this migration block might be an interaction of P-cadherin with Roundabout (Robo)-3, a high affinity receptor of Slit-2. Indeed, proximity ligation assays exhibit P-cadherin/Robo-3 interactions on PCI52_PC cells. Additionally, we detect a modulation of this interaction by addition of recombinant Slit-2. Down-regulation of Robo-3 expression via small interfering RNA neutralizes Slit-2 induced migration block in PCI52_PC cells. In summary, our experiments show antitumorigenic effects of Slit-2 on P-cadherin expressing OSCC cells supposedly via modulation of Robo-3 interaction.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoprecipitation
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Mouth Mucosa/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- beta Catenin/antagonists & inhibitors
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053Regensburg, Germany
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24
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Mehlen P, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Chédotal A. Novel roles for Slits and netrins: axon guidance cues as anticancer targets? Nat Rev Cancer 2011; 11:188-97. [PMID: 21326323 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, several genes, proteins and signalling pathways that are required for embryogenesis have been shown to regulate tumour development and progression by playing a major part in overriding antitumour safeguard mechanisms. These include axon guidance cues, such as Netrins and Slits. Netrin 1 and members of the Slit family are secreted extracellular matrix proteins that bind to deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and UNC5 receptors, and roundabout receptors (Robos), respectively. Their expression is deregulated in a large proportion of human cancers, suggesting that they could be tumour suppressor genes or oncogenes. Moreover, recent data suggest that these ligand-receptor pairs could be promising targets for personalized anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée La Ligue-, CRCL UMR INSERM U1052 CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France.
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25
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Abstract
Guidance molecules were first described in the nervous system to control axon outgrowth direction. They are also widely expressed outside the nervous system where they control cell migration, tissue development and establishment of the vascular network. In addition, they are involved in cancer development, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. This review is primarily focused on their functions in lung cancer and their involvement in lung development is also presented. Five guidance molecule families and their corresponding receptors are described, including the semaphorins/neuropilins/plexins, ephrins and Eph receptors, netrin/DCC/UNC5, Slit/Robo and Notch/Delta. In addition, the possibility to target these molecules as a therapeutic approach in cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Charleston, SC, USA
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26
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Yuasa-Kawada J, Kinoshita-Kawada M, Rao Y, Wu JY. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP33/VDU1 is required for Slit signaling in inhibiting breast cancer cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14530-5. [PMID: 19706539 PMCID: PMC2732860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801262106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Slit regulates migration of not only neurons, but also nonneuronal cells, such as leukocytes and cancer cells. Slit effect on cancer cell migration has not been well-characterized. In this study, we used several different assays to examine Slit effect on breast cancer cell migration in vitro. We show that ubiquitin-specific protease 33 (USP33)/VDU1, originally identified as a von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) protein-interacting deubiquitinating enzyme, binds to the Robo1 receptor, and that USP33 is required for Slit responsiveness in breast cancer cells. Slit induces redistribution of Robo1 from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane in a USP33-dependent manner. Slit impairs directional migration of breast cancer cells without affecting their migration speed. This inhibitory effect is Robo-mediated and USP33-dependent. These data uncover a previously unknown function of USP33 and reveal a new player in Slit-Robo signaling in cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Yuasa-Kawada
- Department of Neurology, Lurie Cancer Center, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Mariko Kinoshita-Kawada
- Department of Neurology, Lurie Cancer Center, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Neurology, Lurie Cancer Center, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jane Y. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lurie Cancer Center, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
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27
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Ghosh S, Ghosh A, Maiti GP, Alam N, Roy A, Roychoudhury S, Panda CK. Alterations of ROBO1/DUTT1 and ROBO2 loci in early dysplastic lesions of head and neck: clinical and prognostic implications. Hum Genet 2009; 125:189-98. [PMID: 19104841 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of chromosomal 3p12.3 was suggested to be associated with dysplastic lesions of head and neck. This region harbors two candidate tumor suppressors ROBO1/DUTT1, ROBO2 and two non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) located at intron 2 of ROBO1/DUTT1. Aim of this study is to understand the role of these genes in development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. A collection of 72 dysplastic lesions and 116 HNSCC samples and two oral cancer cell lines were analyzed for ROBO1/DUTT1 and ROBO2 deletion and promoter methylation. ROBO1/DUTT1, ROBO2 and two ncRNAs mRNA expression were analyzed by Q-PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis of ROBO1/DUTT1 and ROBO2 was performed. Alterations of these genes were correlated with different clinicopathological parameters. High frequency of molecular alterations (deletion/methylation) was seen in ROBO1/DUTT1 than ROBO2. In mild dysplastic lesions both of these genes showed high molecular alterations and remained more or less constant in subsequent stages. Q-PCR analysis showed reduced expression of these genes and the two ncRNAs. In vitro demethylation experiment by 5-aza-dC showed upregulation of ROBO1/DUTT1 and ROBO2 while the expression of the ncRNAs remained unchanged. Immunohistochemical analysis of ROBO1/DUTT1 and ROBO2 showed concordance with their mRNA expression and molecular alterations. Poor patients' outcome was predicted in the cases with alteration of ROBO1/DUTT1 along with tobacco addiction and nodal involvement. Our data suggests (a) ROBO1/DUTT1 and the ncRNAs are transcribed from different promoters, and (b) inactivation of ROBO1/DUTT1 could be used as molecular signature for early detection and prognosis of the head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Ghosh
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
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28
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Potiron VA, Roche J, Drabkin HA. Semaphorins and their receptors in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:1-14. [PMID: 18625544 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorins are a large family of secreted, transmembrane and GPI-linked proteins initially characterized in the development of the nervous system and axonal guidance. Semaphorins are expressed in many tissues where they regulate normal development, organ morphogenesis, immunity and angiogenesis. They affect the cytoskeleton, actin filament organization, microtubules and cell adhesion. Semaphorin signaling is transduced by plexins, which in the case of most class-3 semaphorins requires high-affinity neuropilin receptors. The neuropilins also function as receptors for VEGF and other growth factors, and their expression is often abnormal in tumors. In cancer, semaphorins have both tumor suppressor and tumor promoting functions. We review here the current status of semaphorins and their receptors in tumor development with a focus on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Potiron
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, P.O. Box 250623, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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29
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Prasad A, Paruchuri V, Preet A, Latif F, Ganju RK. Slit-2 induces a tumor-suppressive effect by regulating beta-catenin in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:26624-33. [PMID: 18611862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800679200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SLIT-2 is considered as a candidate tumor suppressor gene, because it is frequently inactivated in various cancers due to hypermethylation of its promoter region and allelic loss. However, the exact mechanism of its tumor-suppressive effect has not been elucidated. Here, we observed that Slit-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells exhibited decreased proliferation and migration capabilities compared with control cells under in vitro conditions. These results were confirmed in vivo in mouse model systems. Mice injected with MCF-7/Slit-2 cells showed a 60-70% reduction in tumor size compared with mice injected with MCF-7/VC cells both in the absence and presence of estrogen. Upon further elucidation, we observed that Slit-2 mediates the tumor-suppressive effect via a coordinated regulation of the beta-catenin and PI3K signaling pathways and by enhancing beta-catenin/E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Our study for the first time reveals that Slit-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells exhibit tumor suppressor capabilities through the novel mechanism of beta-catenin modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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30
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Plasma DNA, Microsatellite Alterations, and p53 Tumor Mutations Are Associated with Disease-Free Survival in Radically Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Study of the Perugia Multidisciplinary Team for Thoracic Oncology. J Thorac Oncol 2008; 3:365-73. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e318168c7d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Andrews W, Barber M, Hernadez-Miranda LR, Xian J, Rakic S, Sundaresan V, Rabbitts TH, Pannell R, Rabbitts P, Thompson H, Erskine L, Murakami F, Parnavelas JG. The role of Slit-Robo signaling in the generation, migration and morphological differentiation of cortical interneurons. Dev Biol 2008; 313:648-58. [PMID: 18054781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cortical interneurons in rodents are generated in the ventral telencephalon and migrate tangentially into the cortex. This process requires the coordinated action of many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here we show that Robo1 and Robo2 receptor proteins are dynamically expressed throughout the period of corticogenesis and colocalize with interneuronal markers, suggesting that they play a role in the migration of these cells. Analysis of Robo mutants showed a marked increase in the number of interneurons in the cortices of Robo1(-/-), but not Robo2(-/-), animals throughout the period of corticogenesis and in adulthood; this excess number of interneurons was observed in all layers of the developing cortex. Using BrdU incorporation in dissociated cell cultures and phosphohistone-3 labeling in vivo, we demonstrated that the increased number of interneurons in Robo1(-/-) mice is, at least in part, due to increased proliferation. Interestingly, a similar increase in proliferation was observed in Slit1(-/-)/Slit2(-/-) mutant mice, suggesting that cell division is influenced by Slit-Robo signaling mechanisms. Morphometric analysis of migrating interneurons in Robo1(-/-), Robo2(-/-) and Slit1(-/-)/Slit2(-/-), but not in Slit1(-/-) mice, showed a differential increase in neuronal process length and branching suggesting that Slit-Robo signaling also plays an important role in the morphological differentiation of these neurons.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Calbindins
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- DNA, Complementary
- Electroporation
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Embryonic Stem Cells/chemistry
- Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Genetic Markers
- Genetic Vectors
- Genomic Library
- Immunohistochemistry
- Integrases/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology
- Interneurons/cytology
- Interneurons/physiology
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/metabolism
- Selection, Genetic
- Signal Transduction
- Telencephalon/cytology
- Transfection
- Roundabout Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- William Andrews
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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32
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Caylak E. A review of association and linkage studies for genetical analyses of learning disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:923-43. [PMID: 17510947 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Learning disorders (LD) commonly comprise of a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by unexpected problems in some children's experiences in the academic performance arena. These problems especially comprise of a variety of disorders which may be subclassified to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), reading disability (RD), specific language impairment (SLI), speech-sound disorder (SSD), and dyspraxia. The aim of this review is to summarize the current molecular studies and some of the most exciting recent developments in molecular genetic research on LD. The findings for the association and linkage of LD with candidate genes will help to set the research agendas for future studies to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Caylak
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat University, School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
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33
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Zhang K, Lott ST, Jin L, Killary AM. Fine mapping of the NRC-1 tumor suppressor locus within chromosome 3p12. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 360:531-8. [PMID: 17624313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of tumor suppressor genes based on physical mapping exercises has proven to be a challenging endeavor, due to the difficulty of narrowing regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH), infrequency of homozygous deletions, and the labor-intensive characterization process for screening candidates in a given genomic interval. We previously defined a chromosome 3p12 tumor suppressor locus NRC-1 (Nonpapillary Renal Carcinoma-1) by functional complementation experiments in which renal cell carcinoma microcell hybrids containing introduced normal chromosome 3p fragments were either suppressed or unsuppressed for tumorigenicity following injection into athymic nude mice. We now present the fine-scale physical mapping of NRC-1 using a QPCR-based approach for measuring copy number at sequence tagged sites (STS) which allowed a sub-exon mapping resolution. Using STS-QPCR and a novel statistical algorithm, the NRC-1 locus was narrowed to 4.615-Mb with the distal boundary mapping within a 38-Kb interval between exon 3 and exon 4 of the DUTT1/Robo1 gene, currently the only candidate tumor suppressor gene in the interval. Further mutational screening and gene expression analyses indicate that DUTT1/ROBO1 is not involved in the tumor suppressor activity of NRC-1, suggesting that there are at least two important tumor suppressor genes within the chromosome 3p12 interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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34
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Abstract
Interneurons are an integral part of cortical neuronal circuits. During the past decade, numerous studies have shown that these cells, unlike their pyramidal counterparts that are derived from the neuroepithelium along the lumen of the lateral ventricles, are generated in the ganglionic eminences in the subpallium. They use tangential migratory paths to reach the cortex, guided by intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Evidence is now emerging which suggests that the family of Slit proteins, acting through Robo receptors, play a role not only in axon guidance in the developing forebrain, but also as guiding signals in the migration of cortical interneurons. Here we describe the patterns of expression of Slit and Robo at different stages of forebrain development and review the evidence in support of their role in cortical interneuron migration. Slit-Robo signal transduction mechanisms are also important during normal development in a number of systems in the body and in disease states, making them potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological disorders and certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Andrews
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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35
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Abstract
Deletions of the 3p21.3 region are a frequent and early event in the formation of lung, breast, kidney and other cancers. Intense investigation of allelic losses and the discovery of overlapping homozygous deletions in lung and breast tumour-cell lines have defined a minimal critical 120 kb deletion region containing eight genes and likely to harbor one or more tumour-suppressor genes (TSGs). The candidate genes are HYAL2, FUS1, Ras-associated factor 1 (RASSF1), BLU/ZMYND10, NPR2L, 101F6, PL6 and CACNA2D2. Recent research indicates that several of these genes can suppress the growth of lung and other tumour cells. Furthermore, some genes (RASSF1A and BLU/ZMYND10) are very frequently inactivated by non-classical mechanisms such as promoter hypermethylation resulting in loss of expression. These data indicate that the 120 kb critical deletion region at 3p21.3 may represent a TSG cluster with preferential inactivation of particular genes depending on tumour type. The eight genes within this region and their potential role in cancer will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Hesson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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36
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Multipoint interphase FISH in childhood T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia detects subpopulations that carry different chromosome 3 aberrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 172:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Darai-Ramqvist E, de Ståhl TD, Sandlund A, Mantripragada K, Klein G, Dumanski J, Imreh S, Kost-Alimova M. Array-CGH and multipoint FISH to decode complex chromosomal rearrangements. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:330. [PMID: 17196103 PMCID: PMC1769374 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, several high-resolution methods of chromosome analysis have been developed. It is important to compare these methods and to select reliable combinations of techniques to analyze complex chromosomal rearrangements in tumours. In this study we have compared array-CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) and multipoint FISH (mpFISH) for their ability to characterize complex rearrangements on human chromosome 3 (chr3) in tumour cell lines. We have used 179 BAC/PAC clones covering chr3 with an approximately 1 Mb resolution to analyze nine carcinoma lines. Chr3 was chosen for analysis, because of its frequent rearrangements in human solid tumours. Results The ploidy of the tumour cell lines ranged from near-diploid to near-pentaploid. Chr3 locus copy number was assessed by interphase and metaphase mpFISH. Totally 53 chr3 fragments were identified having copy numbers from 0 to 14. MpFISH results from the BAC/PAC clones and array-CGH gave mainly corresponding results. Each copy number change on the array profile could be related to a specific chromosome aberration detected by metaphase mpFISH. The analysis of the correlation between real copy number from mpFISH and the average normalized inter-locus fluorescence ratio (ANILFR) value detected by array-CGH demonstrated that copy number is a linear function of parameters that include the variable, ANILFR, and two constants, ploidy and background normalized fluorescence ratio. Conclusion In most cases, the changes in copy number seen on array-CGH profiles reflected cumulative chromosome rearrangements. Most of them stemmed from unbalanced translocations. Although our chr3 BAC/PAC array could identify single copy number changes even in pentaploid cells, mpFISH provided a more accurate analysis in the dissection of complex karyotypes at high ploidy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darai-Ramqvist
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresita Diaz de Ståhl
- Department of Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, S-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Sandlund
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kiran Mantripragada
- Department of Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, S-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George Klein
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Dumanski
- Howell and Elizabeth Heflin Center for Human Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Medical School, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Stefan Imreh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yue Y, Grossmann B, Galetzka D, Zechner U, Haaf T. Isolation and differential expression of two isoforms of the ROBO2/Robo2 axon guidance receptor gene in humans and mice. Genomics 2006; 88:772-778. [PMID: 16829019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Robo receptor molecules is important for axon guidance across the midline of the mammalian central nervous system. Here we describe novel isoform a of human ROBO2, which is initially strongly expressed in the fetal human brain but thereafter only weakly expressed in adult brain and a few other tissues. The known isoform b of ROBO2 shows a more or less ubiquitous expression pattern, suggesting diverse functional roles. The genomic structure and distinct expression patterns of Robo2a and Robo2b have been conserved in the mouse, but in contrast to human ROBO2a mouse Robo2a is also abundant in adult brain. Exons 1 and 2 of human ROBO2a lie in an inherently unstable DNA segment at human chromosome 3p12.3 that is associated with segmental duplications, independent chromosome rearrangements during primate evolution, and homozygous deletion and loss of heterozygosity in various human cancers. The 5' end of mouse Robo2a lies in a <150-kb DNA segment of break in synteny between mouse chromosome 16C3.1 and the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yue
- Institute for Human Genetics, Mainz University School of Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 601, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bärbel Grossmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, Mainz University School of Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 601, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Institute for Human Genetics, Mainz University School of Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 601, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Zechner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Mainz University School of Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 601, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute for Human Genetics, Mainz University School of Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 601, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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39
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Riquelme E, Tang M, Baez S, Diaz A, Pruyas M, Wistuba II, Corvalan A. Frequent epigenetic inactivation of chromosome 3p candidate tumor suppressor genes in gallbladder carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2006; 250:100-6. [PMID: 17084965 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a highly malignant neoplasm that represents the leading cause of death for cancer in Chilean females. There is limited information about the molecular abnormalities involved in its pathogenesis. We have identified a number of molecular changes in GBC, including frequent allelic losses at chromosome 3p regions. Four distinct 3p sites (3p12, 3p14.2, 3p21.3 and 3p22-24) with frequent and early allelic losses in the sequential pathogenesis of this neoplasm have been detected. We investigated epigenetic and genetic abnormalities in GBC affecting 6 candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) located in chromosome 3p, including DUTT1 (3p12), FHIT (3p14.2), BLU, RASSF1A, SEMA3B and hMLH1 (3p21.3). DNA extracted from frozen tissue obtained from 50 surgical resected GBCs was examined for gene promoter methylation using MSP (methylation-specific PCR) technique after bisulfite treatment in all 6 genes. In addition, we performed PCR-based mutation examination using SSCP in FHIT and RASSF1A genes and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis using microdissected tissue in a subset of tumors for the 3p21.3 region with 8 microsatellite markers. A very high frequency of GBC methylation was detected in SEMA3B (46/50, 92%) and FHIT (33/50, 66%), intermediate incidences in BLU (13/50, 26%) and DUTT1 (11/50, 22%) and very low frequencies in RASSF1A (4/50, 8%) and hMLH1 (2/50, 4%). Allelic loss at 3p21.3 was found in nearly half of the GBCs examined. We conclude that epigenetic inactivation by abnormal promoter methylation is a frequent event in chromosome 3p candidate TSGs in GBC pathogenesis, especially affecting genes SEMA3B (3p21.3) and FHIT (3p14.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Riquelme
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 85 Lira St. Santiago 133202, Chile
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40
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Cross NA, Ganesh A, Parpia M, Murray AK, Rennie IG, Sisley K. Multiple locations on chromosome 3 are the targets of specific deletions in uveal melanoma. Eye (Lond) 2006; 20:476-81. [PMID: 15920570 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of chromosome 3 is a frequent event in uveal melanomas, which is associated with hepatic metastases and a poor prognosis. The entire copy of chromosome 3 is usually lost (monosomy 3); however, a small subset of tumours demonstrate partial deletions of chromosome 3. Analysis of these tumours may allow the identification of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) that are the molecular target of monosomy 3. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the location of these partial deletions of chromosome 3 in uveal melanomas. METHODS Microsatellite analysis and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis were performed on 52 primary uveal melanomas using 19 markers located on both arms of chromosome 3. Cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridisation were performed, where possible, to confirm molecular findings. RESULTS Of 52 tumours studied, five tumours (10%) demonstrated LOH at one or more informative markers, but retention of heterozygosity was observed at other loci on chromosome 3, consistent with the presence of structural abnormalities to chromosome 3. Consistent with previous findings, the pattern of LOH in these tumours indicates the presence of deletions around 3p25-26 and on 3q, and that a new target region at 3p11-14 is preferentially deleted. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the presence of several tumour suppressor loci on chromosome 3 and support the notion that the high rate of monosomy 3 in uveal melanoma is driven by disruption of several TSGs located on both arms of chromosome 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cross
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, Division of Clinical Sciences (South), University of Sheffield, UK.
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41
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Angeloni D, ter Elst A, Wei MH, van der Veen AY, Braga EA, Klimov EA, Timmer T, Korobeinikova L, Lerman MI, Buys CHCM. Analysis of a new homozygous deletion in the tumor suppressor region at 3p12.3 reveals two novel intronic noncoding RNA genes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:676-91. [PMID: 16607615 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous deletions or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at human chromosome band 3p12 are consistent features of lung and other malignancies, suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene(s) (TSG) at this location. Only one gene has been cloned thus far from the overlapping region deleted in lung and breast cancer cell lines U2020, NCI H2198, and HCC38. It is DUTT1 (Deleted in U Twenty Twenty), also known as ROBO1, FLJ21882, and SAX3, according to HUGO. DUTT1, the human ortholog of the fly gene ROBO, has homology with NCAM proteins. Extensive analyses of DUTT1 in lung cancer have not revealed any mutations, suggesting that another gene(s) at this location could be of importance in lung cancer initiation and progression. Here, we report the discovery of a new, small, homozygous deletion in the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line GLC20, nested in the overlapping, critical region. The deletion was delineated using several polymorphic markers and three overlapping P1 phage clones. Fiber-FISH experiments revealed the deletion was approximately 130 kb. Comparative genomic sequence analysis uncovered short sequence elements highly conserved among mammalian genomes and the chicken genome. The discovery of two EST clusters within the deleted region led to the isolation of two noncoding RNA (ncRNA) genes. These were subsequently found differentially expressed in various tumors when compared to their normal tissues. The ncRNA and other highly conserved sequence elements in the deleted region may represent miRNA targets of importance in cancer initiation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Angeloni
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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42
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Shimizu K, Kato A, Shigemura M, Fujii H, Honoki K, Tsujiuchi T. Aberrant methylation patterns of theRassf1a gene in rat lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine. Mol Carcinog 2006; 45:112-7. [PMID: 16329149 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the involvement of the Rassf1a gene in lung carcinogenesis, we investigated the methylation status in the 5' upstream region of the RAS-association domain family 1, isoform A (Rassf1a) gene in rat lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP). Six-week-old male Wistar rats were given 2000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 wk and maintained without further treatment until they were sacrificed at 25 wk. A total of 15 lung adenocarcinomas were obtained and total RNAs were extracted from each for assessment of expression of the Rassf1a gene by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. To measure the methylation status of the Rassf1a gene, five adenocarcinomas with a marked reduction of the Rassf1a expression and two normal lung tissues were used for a bisulfite sequencing analysis. While the normal lung tissue was unmethylated, all five adenocarcinomas were highly methylated in the 5' upstream region. Genomic DNAs were also extracted from 15 adenocarcinomas, and mutation analysis of the Rassf1a was performed with PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. No mutations were detected throughout exons 1-6. The present results suggest that the aberrant methylation may be involved in the inactivation of the Rassf1a gene in the development of lung adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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43
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Camurri L, Mambetisaeva E, Davies D, Parnavelas J, Sundaresan V, Andrews W. Evidence for the existence of two Robo3 isoforms with divergent biochemical properties. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 30:485-93. [PMID: 16226035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Robo3 is a member of the roundabout (Robo) family of proteins that plays a key role in axon guidance and cell migration in the developing nervous system. Recent studies have shown that Robo3 plays a crucial role in controlling axon guidance at the midline of the CNS. Here we describe and compare two human Robo3 isoforms, Robo3A and Robo3B, which differ by the insertion of 26 amino acids at the N-terminus, and these forms appear to be evolutionary conserved. We investigated the bioactivity of these isoforms and show that they have different binding properties to Slit, and that orthologs of these forms are expressed in the mouse embryo. In addition, we show that, like other members of the Robo family, Robo3 can bind homophilically, but it is also capable of binding heterophilically to Robo1 and NCAM. We propose that these properties of Robo3 may contribute to its function at the midline of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Camurri
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunt's House, King's College, London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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44
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Chédotal A, Kerjan G, Moreau-Fauvarque C. The brain within the tumor: new roles for axon guidance molecules in cancers. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12:1044-56. [PMID: 16015381 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Slits, semaphorins and netrins are three families of proteins that can attract or repel growing axons and migrating neurons in the developing nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. Recent studies have shown that they are widely expressed outside the nervous system and that they may play important roles in cancers. Several of the genes encoding these proteins are localized on chromosomal region associated with frequent loss-of-heterozygosity in tumors and cancer cell lines and there is also significant hypermethylation of their promoter suggesting that they may act as tumor suppressors. In addition, proteins in all these families and their receptors appear to control the vascularization of the tumors. Last, many axon guidance molecules also regulate cell migration and apoptosis in normal and tumorigenic tissues. Overall, this suggests that molecules that could mimick or block the activity of axon guidance molecules may be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chédotal
- CNRS UMR7102, Equipe Développement Neuronal, Université Paris 6, Batiment B, Case 12, 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
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45
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Abstract
The p53 tumor-suppressor gene regulates apoptosis through the transcriptional activation of its target genes. The expression of the axon-guidance molecule UNC5B (also designated p53RDL1), which is a receptor for netrin-1, is directly regulated by p53. In the absence of netrin-1, UNC5B mediates p53-dependent apoptosis. Conversely, in the presence of netrin-1, p53-induced apoptosis is inhibited through the signaling pathway activated by the interaction between netrin-1 and UNC5B. A number of other molecules that are involved in axon guidance are inactivated in human cancers and are also regulated by p53. These findings suggest a close link between axon-guidance molecules and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Arakawa
- Cancer Medicine and Biophysics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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46
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Hannula-Jouppi K, Kaminen-Ahola N, Taipale M, Eklund R, Nopola-Hemmi J, Kääriäinen H, Kere J. The axon guidance receptor gene ROBO1 is a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia. PLoS Genet 2005; 1:e50. [PMID: 16254601 PMCID: PMC1270007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslexia, or specific reading disability, is the most common learning disorder with a complex, partially genetic basis, but its biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood. A locus on Chromosome 3, DYX5, has been linked to dyslexia in one large family and speech-sound disorder in a subset of small families. We found that the axon guidance receptor gene ROBO1, orthologous to the Drosophila roundabout gene, is disrupted by a chromosome translocation in a dyslexic individual. In a large pedigree with 21 dyslexic individuals genetically linked to a specific haplotype of ROBO1 (not found in any other chromosomes in our samples), the expression of ROBO1 from this haplotype was absent or attenuated in affected individuals. Sequencing of ROBO1 in apes revealed multiple coding differences, and the selection pressure was significantly different between the human, chimpanzee, and gorilla branch as compared to orangutan. We also identified novel exons and splice variants of ROBO1 that may explain the apparent phenotypic differences between human and mouse in heterozygous loss of ROBO1. We conclude that dyslexia may be caused by partial haplo-insufficiency for ROBO1 in rare families. Thus, our data suggest that a slight disturbance in neuronal axon crossing across the midline between brain hemispheres, dendrite guidance, or another function of ROBO1 may manifest as a specific reading disability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikko Taipale
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Gene Expression Programme, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ranja Eklund
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Nopola-Hemmi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Jorvi Hospital, Espoo, Finland
| | - Helena Kääriäinen
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences at Novum and Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Shimizu K, Kato A, Hinotsume D, Shigemura M, Hanaoka M, Shimoichi Y, Honoki K, Tsujiuchi T. Reduced expressions of Foxp1 and Rassf1a genes in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in rats. Cancer Lett 2005; 236:186-90. [PMID: 16023287 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the involvement of the Foxp1 and Rassf1a genes in lung carcinogenesis, we investigated their expressions in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) in rats. Six week old male Wistar rats were given 2000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 weeks and maintained without further treatment until they were sacrificed at 25 weeks. A total of 10 lung adenocarcinomas were obtained, along with the total RNA from each for assessment of expression by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The reduced expressions of the Foxp1 and Rassf1a genes were observed in some of the lung adenocarcinomas. These analyses were also confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. These results suggest that reduced expressions of Foxp1 and Rassf1a genes may play a role in the development of lung adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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48
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Dickinson RE, Dallol A, Bieche I, Krex D, Morton D, Maher ER, Latif F. Epigenetic inactivation of SLIT3 and SLIT1 genes in human cancers. Br J Cancer 2005; 91:2071-8. [PMID: 15534609 PMCID: PMC2409788 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, the Slit gene product, a secreted glycoprotein, acts as a midline repellent to guide axonal development during embryogenesis. Three human Slit gene orthologues have been characterised and recently we reported frequent promoter region hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of SLIT2 in lung, breast, colorectal and glioma cell lines and primary tumours. Furthermore, re-expression of SLIT2 inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines so that SLIT2 appears to function as a novel tumour suppressor gene (TSG). We analysed the expression of SLIT3 (5q35–34) and SLIT1 (1q23.3–q24) genes in 20 normal human tissues. Similar to SLIT2 expression profile, SLIT3 is expressed strongly in many tissues, while SLIT1 expression is neuronal specific. We analysed the 5′ CpG island of SLIT3 and SLIT1 genes in tumour cell lines and primary tumours for hypermethylation. SLIT3 was found to be methylated in 12 out of 29 (41%) of breast, one out of 15 (6.7%) lung, two out of six (33%) colorectal and in two out of (29%) glioma tumour cell lines. In tumour cell lines, silenced SLIT3 associated with hypermethylation and was re-expressed after treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. In primary tumours, SLIT3 was methylated in 16% of primary breast tumours, 35% of gliomas and 38% of colorectal tumours. Direct sequencing of bisulphite-modified DNA from methylated tumour cell lines and primary tumours demonstrated that majority of the CpG sites analysed were heavily methylated. Thus, both SLIT2 and SLIT3 are frequently methylated in gliomas and colorectal cancers, but the frequency of SLIT3 methylation in lung and breast cancer is significantly less than that for SLIT2. We also demonstrated SLIT1 promoter region hypermethylation in glioma tumour lines (five out of six; 83%), the methylation frequency in glioma tumours was much lower (two out of 20; 10%). Hence, evidence is accumulating for the involvement of members of the guidance cues molecules and their receptors in tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Dickinson
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Reproductive and Child Health, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A Dallol
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Reproductive and Child Health, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - I Bieche
- Laboratoire d’Oncogénétique – INSERM E0017, Centre René Huguenin, 35, rue Dailly, F-92210 St-Cloud, France
| | - D Krex
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Morton
- Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - E R Maher
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Reproductive and Child Health, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Renal Molecular Oncology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - F Latif
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Reproductive and Child Health, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Renal Molecular Oncology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Reproductive and Child Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. E-mail:
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49
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Abstract
Netrin-1 and its receptors DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) and the UNC5 orthologues (human UNC5A-D and rodent UNC5H1-4) define a new mechanism for both the positive (induction) and negative (suppression) regulation of apoptosis. Accumulating evidence implies that for human cancers, this positive signalling pathway is frequently inactivated. Surprisingly, binding of netrin-1 to its receptors inhibits tumour suppressor p53-dependent apoptosis, and p53 is directly involved in transcriptional regulation of netrin-1 and its receptors. So, the netrin-1 receptor pathways probably play an important part in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Arakawa
- Cancer Medicine and Biophysics Division, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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50
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Abstract
The Netrin, Slit, Semaphorin, and Ephrin families of secreted proteins were originally characterized in the nervous system as guidance cues for axons; however, recent studies demonstrate that many members of these families contribute to the development of a variety of organs. Here, the current knowledge of their roles is discussed with a focus on four tissues: lung, mammary, cardiovascular, and kidney. While many studies indicate a role for "axon guidance" cues in regulating cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions during organogenesis, there is accumulating evidence that they also contribute to tissue development by regulating the transcription and translation of genes encoding key morphogenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
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