1
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Diao X. Mystery Behind Barrett's Esophagus: The Origin and Malignant Transformation of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:287-289. [PMID: 36567952 PMCID: PMC9771686 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayao Diao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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2
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Comprehensive RNA dataset of tissue and plasma from patients with esophageal cancer or precursor lesions. Sci Data 2022; 9:86. [PMID: 35288573 PMCID: PMC8921197 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the past decades, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased dramatically in Western populations. Better understanding of disease etiology along with the identification of novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the dismal survival probabilities. Here, we performed comprehensive RNA (coding and non-coding) profiling in various samples from 17 patients diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma, high-grade dysplastic or non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus. Per patient, a blood plasma sample, and a healthy and disease esophageal tissue sample were included. In total, this comprehensive dataset consists of 102 sequenced libraries from 51 samples. Based on this data, 119 expression profiles are available for three biotypes, including miRNA (51), mRNA (51) and circRNA (17). This unique resource allows for discovery of novel biomarkers and disease mechanisms, comparison of tissue and liquid biopsy profiles, integration of coding and non-coding RNA patterns, and can serve as a validation dataset in other RNA landscaping studies. Moreover, structural RNA differences can be identified in this dataset, including protein coding mutations, fusion genes, and circular RNAs.
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3
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Vo DT, Fuller MR, Tindle C, Anandachar MS, Das S, Sahoo D, Ghosh P. SPT6 loss permits the transdifferentiation of keratinocytes into an intestinal fate that resembles Barrett's metaplasia. iScience 2021; 24:103121. [PMID: 34622168 PMCID: PMC8481972 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient depletion of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in the keratinocyte has been recently shown to inhibit epidermal differentiation and stratification; instead, they transdifferentiate into a gut-like lineage. We show here that this phenomenon of transdifferentiation recapitulates Barrett's metaplasia, the only human pathophysiologic condition in which a stratified squamous epithelium that is injured due to chronic acid reflux is trans-committed into an intestinal fate. The evidence we present here not only lend support to the notion that the keratinocytes are potentially the cell of origin of Barrett's metaplasia but also provide mechanistic insights linking transient acid exposure, downregulation of SPT6, stalled transcription of the master regulator of epidermal fate TP63, loss of epidermal fate, and metaplastic progression. Because Barrett's metaplasia in the esophagus is a pre-neoplastic condition with no preclinical human models, these findings have a profound impact on the modeling Barrett's metaplasia-in-a-dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella T. Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0703, Leichtag Building 132, La Jolla, CA 92093-0703, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - MacKenzie R. Fuller
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Courtney Tindle
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Mahitha Shree Anandachar
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 256, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 256, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0703, Leichtag Building 132, La Jolla, CA 92093-0703, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence (CoRE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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4
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Nowicki-Osuch K, Zhuang L, Jammula S, Bleaney CW, Mahbubani KT, Devonshire G, Katz-Summercorn A, Eling N, Wilbrey-Clark A, Madissoon E, Gamble J, Di Pietro M, O'Donovan M, Meyer KB, Saeb-Parsy K, Sharrocks AD, Teichmann SA, Marioni JC, Fitzgerald RC. Molecular phenotyping reveals the identity of Barrett's esophagus and its malignant transition. Science 2021; 373:760-767. [PMID: 34385390 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The origin of human metaplastic states and their propensity for cancer is poorly understood. Barrett's esophagus is a common metaplastic condition that increases the risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma, and its cellular origin is enigmatic. To address this, we harvested tissues spanning the gastroesophageal junction from healthy and diseased donors, including isolation of esophageal submucosal glands. A combination of single-cell transcriptomic profiling, in silico lineage tracing from methylation, open chromatin and somatic mutation analyses, and functional studies in organoid models showed that Barrett's esophagus originates from gastric cardia through c-MYC and HNF4A-driven transcriptional programs. Furthermore, our data indicate that esophageal adenocarcinoma likely arises from undifferentiated Barrett's esophagus cell types even in the absence of a pathologically identifiable metaplastic precursor, illuminating early detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Nowicki-Osuch
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0X2, UK
| | - Lizhe Zhuang
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0X2, UK
| | - Sriganesh Jammula
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Christopher W Bleaney
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine (CBTM), NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Annalise Katz-Summercorn
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0X2, UK
| | - Nils Eling
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Anna Wilbrey-Clark
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Welcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elo Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Welcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John Gamble
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine (CBTM), NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Massimiliano Di Pietro
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0X2, UK
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0X2, UK
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Welcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine (CBTM), NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew D Sharrocks
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Welcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Welcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0X2, UK.
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5
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Xu HH, Gan J, Xu DP, Li L, Yan WH. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Role of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule in Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614773. [PMID: 34276642 PMCID: PMC8281136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is known as a novel immune checkpoint molecule in cancer; thus, HLA-G and its receptors might be targets for immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to systematically identify the roles of checkpoint HLA-G molecules across various types of cancer. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, CCLE, TRRUST, HAP, PrognoScan, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, STRING, GeneMANIA, DAVID, TIMER, and CIBERSORT were utilized. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. In this study, we comprehensively analysed the heterogeneous expression of HLA-G molecules in various types of cancer and focused on genetic alterations, coexpression patterns, gene interaction networks, HLA-G interactors, and the relationships between HLA-G and pathological stage, prognosis, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We first identified that the mRNA expression levels of HLA-G were significantly upregulated in both most tumor tissues and tumor cell lines on the basis of in-depth analysis of RNAseq data. The expression levels of HLA-G were positively associated with those of the other immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4. Abnormal expression of HLA-G was significantly correlated with the pathological stage of some but not all tumor types. There was a significant difference between the high and low HLA-G expression groups in terms of overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). The results showed that HLA-G highly expressed have positive associations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment in most types of tumors (P<0.05). Additionally, we identified the key transcription factor (TF) targets in the regulation of HLA-G expression, including HIVEP2, MYCN, CIITA, MYC, and IRF1. Multiple mutations (missense, truncating, etc.) and the methylation status of the HLA-G gene may explain the differential expression of HLA-G across different tumors. Functional enrichment analysis showed that HLA-G was primarily related to T cell activation, T cell regulation, and lymphocyte-mediated immunity. The data may provide novel insights for blockade of the HLA-G/ILT axis, which holds potential for the development of more effective antitumour treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Jun Gan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Dan-Ping Xu
- Reproductive Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Lu Li
- Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
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6
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Shin HY, Han KS, Park HW, Hong YH, Kim Y, Moon HE, Park KW, Park HR, Lee CJ, Lee K, Kim SJ, Heo MS, Park SH, Kim DG, Paek SH. Tumor Spheroids of an Aggressive Form of Central Neurocytoma Have Transit-Amplifying Progenitor Characteristics with Enhanced EGFR and Tumor Stem Cell Signaling. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:120-143. [PMID: 33972466 PMCID: PMC8118755 DOI: 10.5607/en21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central neurocytoma (CN) has been known as a benign neuronal tumor. In rare cases, CN undergoes malignant transformation to glioblastomas (GBM). Here we examined its cellular origin by characterizing differentiation potential and gene expression of CN-spheroids. First, we demonstrate that both CN tissue and cultured primary cells recapitulate the hierarchal cellular composition of subventricular zone (SVZ), which is comprised of neural stem cells (NSCs), transit amplifying progenitors (TAPs), and neuroblasts. We then derived spheroids from CN which displayed EGFR+/MASH+ TAP and BLBP+ radial glial cell (RGC) characteristic, and mitotic neurogenesis and gliogenesis by single spheroids were observed with cycling multipotential cells. CN-spheroids expressed increased levels of pluripotency and tumor stem cell genes such as KLF4 and TPD5L1, when compared to their differentiated cells and human NSCs. Importantly, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that gene sets of GBM-Spheroids, EGFR Signaling, and Packaging of Telomere Ends are enriched in CN-spheroids in comparison with their differentiated cells. We speculate that CN tumor stem cells have TAP and RGC characteristics, and upregulation of EGFR signaling as well as downregulation of eph-ephrin signaling have critical roles in tumorigenesis of CN. And their ephemeral nature of TAPs destined to neuroblasts, might reflect benign nature of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yun Hwa Hong
- Department of Neurophysiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurophysiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Man Seung Heo
- Smart Healthcare Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
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7
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Alteration of protein expression and spliceosome pathway activity during Barrett's carcinogenesis. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:791-807. [PMID: 34227026 PMCID: PMC8370908 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known precursor lesion and the strongest risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a common and lethal type of cancer. Prediction of risk, the basis for efficient intervention, is commonly solely based on histologic examination. This approach is challenged by problems such as inter-observer variability in the face of the high heterogeneity of dysplastic tissue. Molecular markers might offer an additional way to understand the carcinogenesis and improve the diagnosis-and eventually treatment. In this study, we probed significant proteomic changes during dysplastic progression from BE into EAC. METHODS During endoscopic mucosa resection, epithelial and stromal tissue samples were collected by laser capture microdissection from 10 patients with normal BE and 13 patients with high-grade dysplastic/EAC. Samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Expressed proteins were determined by label-free quantitation, and gene set enrichment was used to find differentially expressed pathways. The results were validated by immunohistochemistry for two selected key proteins (MSH6 and XPO5). RESULTS Comparing dysplastic/EAC to non-dysplastic BE, we found in equal volumes of epithelial tissue an overall up-regulation in terms of protein abundance and diversity, and determined a set of 226 differentially expressed proteins. Significantly higher expressions of MSH6 and XPO5 were validated orthogonally and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that disease-related proteomic alterations can be determined by analyzing minute amounts of cell-type-specific collected tissue. Further analysis indicated that alterations of certain pathways associated with carcinogenesis, such as micro-RNA trafficking, DNA damage repair, and spliceosome activity, exist in dysplastic/EAC.
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8
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Codipilly DC, Sawas T, Dhaliwal L, Johnson ML, Lansing R, Wang KK, Leggett CL, Katzka DA, Iyer PG. Epidemiology and Outcomes of Young-Onset Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: An Analysis from a Population-Based Database. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:142-149. [PMID: 33328255 PMCID: PMC7855414 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a lethal cancer with rising incidence. There are limited data in younger (<50 years) patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. We aimed to assess time trends in the incidence and outcomes of "young-onset" esophageal adenocarcinoma using a population-based database. METHODS We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 database to identify patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma between 1975 and 2015. Patients were stratified into three age strata: <50, 50 to 69, and ≥70 years. Staging was stratified as localized, regional, and distant. Trends in incidence, disease stage, and survival were assessed in three periods (1975-89, 1990-99, and 2000-2015). Univariate and multivariate models were created to identify predictors of mortality. RESULTS Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence has increased in patients <50 years of age, with an annual percentage change of 2.9% (95% confidence interval, 1.4%-4.4%) from 1975 to 2015. Young-onset esophageal adenocarcinoma presented at more advanced stages (regional + distant) compared with older patients (84.9% vs. 67.3%; P < 0.01), with increasing proportion of advanced stages over the study period. These patients also experienced poorer 5-year esophageal adenocarcinoma-free survival compared with older patients (22.9%% vs. 29.6%; P < 0.01), although this finding was attenuated on stage-stratified analysis. CONCLUSIONS Young-onset esophageal adenocarcinoma, while uncommon, is rising in incidence. Concerningly, the proportion of advanced disease continues to increase. Young-onset esophageal adenocarcinoma also presents at more advanced stages, resulting in poorer esophageal adenocarcinoma-free survival. IMPACT Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma younger than 50 years present at more advanced stages with higher esophageal adenocarcinoma-specific mortality compared with older peers. Current diagnostic and management strategies for young-onset esophageal adenocarcinoma may need to be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don C Codipilly
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tarek Sawas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lovekirat Dhaliwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michele L Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ramona Lansing
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kenneth K Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cadman L Leggett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David A Katzka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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9
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Li X, Ren Z, Xiong C, Geng J, Li Y, Liu C, Ren C, Liu H. Minichromosome maintenance 6 complex component identified by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:987-1002. [PMID: 32583000 PMCID: PMC7388536 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the main subtype of esophageal cancer (EC), is a common lethal type of cancer with a high mortality rate. The aim of the present study was to select key relevant genes and identify potential mechanisms involved in the development of ESCC based on bioinformatics analysis. Minichromosome maintenance 6 complex component (MCM6) has been identified to be upregulated in multiple malignancies; however, its contributions to ESCC remain unclear. For the purposes of the present study, four datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE63941, GSE26886, GSE17351 and GSE77861), and the intersection of the differentially expressed genes was obtained using a Venn diagram. The protein‑protein interaction was then constructed, and the modules were verified by Cytoscape, in which the key genes have a high connectivity degree with other genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were subsequently filtered out to analyze the development of ESCC. MCM6, an upregulated gene, was selected and connected with most of the other genes, for further research validation. The expression levels of MCM6 were then assessed using the Oncomine, GEPIA and UALCAN databases and validated in both ESCC tissues samples and cell lines by immunohistochemistry and RT‑qPCR. Cell counting kit‑8 (CCK‑8), flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to determine the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion of ESCC cells. A total of 24 genes were identified by a series of bioinformatics analyses and the results revealed that the genes were associated with DNA replication and cell cycle. Experimental validation revealed that MCM6 expression was significantly elevated in both ESCC tissues and cell lines. The results were consistent with those of bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, the knockdown of MCM6 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis, and made cells arrested in S stage. In summary, the findings of bioinformatics analysis provided a novel hypothesis for ESCC progression. In particular, the aberrantly elevated expression of MCM6 is a potential biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xiong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chunfeng Ren
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that control the transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA by binding to specific DNA sequences either on their own or with other proteins as a complex. TFs thus support or suppress the recruitment of the corresponding RNA polymerase. In general, TFs are classified by structure or function. The TF, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), is expressed in all cell types and tissues. NF-κB signaling and crosstalk are involved in several steps of carcinogenesis including in sequences involving pathogenic stimulus, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, establishment of its remodeling to the precancerous niche (PCN) and transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Triggered by various inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB is activated along with other TFs with subsequent stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of NF-κB in carcinogenesis provides an opportunity to develop anti-NF-κB therapies. The complexity of these interactions requires that we elucidate those aspects of NF-κB interactions that play a role in carcinogenesis, the sequence of events leading to cancer.
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11
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Chen B, Yu J, Lu L, Dong F, Zhou F, Tao X, Sun E. Upregulated forkhead-box A3 elevates the expression of forkhead-box A1 and forkhead-box A2 to promote metastasis in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4351-4360. [PMID: 30944629 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal cancers currently known. Members of the forkhead-box A (FOXA) family, including FOXA1 and FOXA2, have been reported to regulate EC progression. However, the role of FOXA3, which is another FOXA member, has not yet been investigated. In the present study, public dataset analyses and immunohistochemistry of 96 samples from patients with EC were performed to determine the potential roles of FOXA3 in EC. The results revealed that FOXA3 was significantly upregulated in EC tumor tissues and Barrett's esophagus tissues. In addition, FOXA3 upregulation was positively associated with tumor invasion, distant metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis stage and shorter overall survival in patients with EC, and multivariate analysis identified FOXA3 as an independent prognostic marker. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the migratory and invasive abilities of EC109 and EC9706 cell lines were inhibited following FOXA3 knockdown. Notably, FOXA3 expression levels were positively correlated with FOXA1 and FOXA2 expression levels according to The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analysis. Furthermore, FOXA3 knockdown decreased the expression levels of FOXA1 and FOXA2 in EC109 and EC9706 cell lines. Conversely, FOXA1 or FOXA2 overexpression compensated for the effects of FOXA3 knockdown on the migratory and invasive capacities of EC cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that FOXA3 upregulation in EC cells promoted metastasis through regulation of other FOXA members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Jiegen Yu
- Department of Management Science, School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Linming Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Tao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Entao Sun
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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12
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da Silva SD, Xu B, Maschietto M, Marchi FA, Alkailani MI, Bijian K, Xiao D, Alaoui-Jamali MA. TRAF2 Cooperates with Focal Adhesion Signaling to Regulate Cancer Cell Susceptibility to Anoikis. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:139-146. [PMID: 30373932 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TRAF2, a RING finger adaptor protein, plays an important function in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)-dependent signaling, in particular during inflammatory and immune responses. We identified a functional interaction of TRAF2 with focal adhesion (FA) signaling involving the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in the regulation of cell susceptibility to anoikis. Comparison of TRAF2-proficient (TRAF2+/+) versus TRAF2-deficient (TRAF2-/-), and FAK-proficient (FAK+/+) versus FAK-deficient (FAK-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and their matched reconstituted cells demonstrated that TRAF2 interacts physically with the N-terminal portion of FAK and colocalizes to cell membrane protrusions. This interaction was found to be critical for promoting resistance to cell anoikis. Similar results were confirmed in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, where TRAF2 and FAK downregulation promoted cell susceptibility to anoikis. In human breast cancer tissues, genomic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed coamplification of TRAF2 and FAK in breast cancer tissues with a predictive value for shorter survival, further supporting a potential role of TRAF2-FAK cooperative signaling in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bin Xu
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maisa I Alkailani
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Krikor Bijian
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dingzhang Xiao
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Guo X, Tang Y, Zhu W. Distinct esophageal adenocarcinoma molecular subtype has subtype-specific gene expression and mutation patterns. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:769. [PMID: 30355311 PMCID: PMC6201634 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal carcinoma (EC), consists of two histological types, esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). EAC accounted for 10% of EC for centuries; however, the prevalence of EAC has alarmingly risen 6 times and increased to about 50% of EC in recent 30 years in the western countries, while treatment options for EAC patients are still limited. Stratification of molecular subtypes by gene expression profiling methods had offered opportunities for targeted therapies. However, the molecular subtype in EAC has not been defined. Hence, Identification of EAC molecular subtypes is needed and will provide important insights for future new therapies. Results We performed meta-analysis of gene expression profiling data on three independent EAC cohorts and showed that there are two common molecular subtypes in EAC. Each of the two EAC molecular subtypes has subtype specific expression patterns and mutation signatures. Genes which were over-expressed in subtype I EACs rather than subtype II EAC cases, were enriched in biological processes including epithelial cell differentiation, keratinocyte differentiation, and KEGG pathways including basal cell carcinoma. TP53 and CDKN2A are significantly mutated in both EAC subtypes. 24 genes including SMAD4 were found to be only significantly mutated in subtype I EAC cases, while 30 genes including ARID1A are only significantly mutated in subtype II EACs. Conclusion Two EAC molecular subtypes were defined and validated. This finding may offer new opportunities for targeted therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5165-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Informatics ,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China. .,Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Yitai Tang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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14
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Fassan M, Realdon S, Vianello L, Quarta S, Ruol A, Castoro C, Scarpa M, Zaninotto G, Guzzardo V, Chiarion Sileni V, Pontisso P, Rugge M. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is up-regulated during Barrett's carcinogenesis and predicts esophageal adenocarcinoma resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24372-24379. [PMID: 28042960 PMCID: PMC5421854 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCA) is consistently overexpressed in many different solid tumors, and has been associated with both tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance. No data, however, is currently available on SCCA expression during esophageal Barrett's carcinogenesis, nor on SCCA expression's role on esophageal adenocarcinoma chemoresistance. The SCCA immunohistochemical expression was assessed in a series of 100 biopsy samples covering the whole histological spectrum of Barrett's oncogenesis. Squamous native mucosa was characterized by a moderate to strong cytoplasmic and nuclear SCCA expression in suprabasal, medium, and superficial layers. On the other hand, almost half of the considered lesions did not express SCCA; the other half featured weak to moderate SCCA expression. The relationship between SCCA protein expression and tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed in 90 esophageal adenocarcinoma specimens (40 biopsy and 50 surgery specimens), stratified according to Mandard tumor regression grade. As observed in other settings, the presence of SCCA expression clustered in the group of tumors characterized by a lower responsiveness to neoadjuvant treatments. The present results suggest an involvement of SCCA in a subset of Barrett-related tumors, and prompt to consider the SCCA-protein expression as response-predictive marker of neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Gastroenterology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Vianello
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Santina Quarta
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), 5th Medical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruol
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Esophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Esophageal and Digestive Tract Surgical Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaninotto
- Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Surgery, London, UK
| | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vanna Chiarion Sileni
- Melanoma & Esophageal Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), 5th Medical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Tumour Registry, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy
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15
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Chua MMJ, Lee M, Dominguez I. Cancer-type dependent expression of CK2 transcripts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188854. [PMID: 29206231 PMCID: PMC5714396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of proteins are aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, including the oncogenic serine-threonine kinase CK2. In a previous report, we found increases in CK2 transcript expression that could explain the increased CK2 protein levels found in tumors from lung and bronchus, prostate, breast, colon and rectum, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. We also found that, contrary to the current notions about CK2, some CK2 transcripts were downregulated in several cancers. Here, we investigate all other cancers using Oncomine to determine whether they also display significant CK2 transcript dysregulation. As anticipated from our previous analysis, we found cancers with all CK2 transcripts upregulated (e.g. cervical), and cancers where there was a combination of upregulation and/or downregulation of the CK2 transcripts (e.g. sarcoma). Unexpectedly, we found some cancers with significant downregulation of all CK2 transcripts (e.g. testicular cancer). We also found that, in some cases, CK2 transcript levels were already dysregulated in benign lesions (e.g. Barrett’s esophagus). We also found that CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with lower patient survival in most cases where data was significant. However, there were two cancer types, glioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma, where CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with higher survival. Overall, these data show that the expression levels of CK2 genes is highly variable in cancers and can lead to different patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. J. Chua
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Song G, Liu K, Yang X, Mu B, Yang J, He L, Hu X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Cai X, Feng G. SATB1 plays an oncogenic role in esophageal cancer by up-regulation of FN1 and PDGFRB. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17771-17784. [PMID: 28147311 PMCID: PMC5392285 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with very poor overall prognosis. Given the strong clinical relevance of SATB1 in esophagus cancer and other cancers suggested by previous studies, the exact function of SATB1 in esophagus cancer development is still unknown. Here we showed that the knockdown of SATB1 in esophageal cancer cell lines diminished the cell proliferation, survival and invasion. Whole genome transcriptome analysis of SATB1 knockdown cells revealed the different gene expression profiles between TE-1 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. Network analysis and functional experiments further identified FN1 and PDGFRB to be key downstream genes regulated by SATB1 in esophageal cancer cells. Importantly, FN1 and PDGFRB were found to be highly expressed in human esophageal cancer. In summary, we provided the first molecular evidence that SATB1 played an oncogenic role in esophageal cancer by up-regulation of FN1 and PDGFRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Song
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Mu
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Junbao Yang
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lang He
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiujiang Li
- Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
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17
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Sezaki T, Hirata Y, Hagiwara T, Kawamura YI, Okamura T, Takanashi R, Nakano K, Tamura-Nakano M, Burkly LC, Dohi T. Disruption of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway prevents 5-fluorouracil-induced diarrhea in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2294-2307. [PMID: 28428709 PMCID: PMC5385396 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i13.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To clarify the roles of TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced diarrhea.
METHODS Diarrhea was induced in wild-type (WT), Fn14 knockout (KO), and IL-13 receptor (IL-13R)α1 KO BALB/c mice using a single injection of 5-FU. Histological analysis, cytokine analysis, and flow cytometry was performed on ileal tissues and cells. Murine colon carcinoma-bearing mice were co-treated with an anti-TWEAK antibody and 5-FU. Embryonic fibroblast response to cytokines was also analyzed.
RESULTS 5-FU induced high Fn14 expression in epithelial cells. The severity of 5-FU-induced diarrhea was lower in Fn14 KO mice compared with WT mice. Administration of anti-TWEAK antibody reduced 5-FU-induced diarrhea without affecting the antitumor effects of 5-FU in vivo. 5-FU-induced expression of IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the ileum was Fn14 dependent. The severity of 5-FU-induced diarrhea was lower in IL-13Rα1 KO mice, indicating major role for IL-13 signaling via IL-13Rα1 in pathogenesis. We found that IL-13Rα2, an IL-13 neutralizing/cell protective receptor, was strongly induced by IL-33 in vitro and in vivo. IL-13Rα2 was upregulated in the ileum of 5-FU-treated Fn14 KO mice. Thus, the deletion of Fn14 upregulated IL-13Rα2 expression, which reduced IL-13 expression and activity.
CONCLUSION Disruption of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway affects several interconnected pathways, including those associated with IL-13, IL-33, and IL-13Rα2, to attenuate 5-FU-induced intestinal side effects.
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18
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Abstract
Resection techniques for esophageal carcinoma continue to evolve, from endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stage disease to standard and robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy as part of multimodal therapy for locally advanced disease. Though currently limited to assessing conduit perfusion and sentinel lymph nodes, embedded technology in the robotic surgical platform will likely play an expanded role during esophagectomy in the future. The use of targeted therapies, checkpoint inhibitors, engineered immune cell therapy, and cancer vaccines show promise in the treatment of systemic disease. Radiation therapy techniques are becoming increasingly sophisticated and they may play a more active role in stage IV disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Wald
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Smaglo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henry Mok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shawn S Groth
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Lin J, Myers AL, Wang Z, Nancarrow DJ, Ferrer-Torres D, Handlogten A, Leverenz K, Bao J, Thomas DG, Wang TD, Orringer MB, Reddy RM, Chang AC, Beer DG, Lin L. Osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) isoforms collectively enhance tumor cell invasion and dissemination in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22239-57. [PMID: 26068949 PMCID: PMC4673160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus understanding the molecular basis for EAC invasion and metastasis is critical. Here we report that SPP1/OPN was highly overexpressed in primary EACs and intracellularly localized to tumor cells. We further demonstrate that all known OPN isoforms (OPNa, b, c, 4 and 5) were frequently co-overexpressed in primary EACs. Distinct pro-invasion and dissemination phenotypes of isoform-specific OPNb and OPNc stable transfectants were observed. Expression of OPNb significantly enhanced cell migration and adhesion to laminin. In contrast, OPNc cells showed significantly decreased cell migration yet increased cell detachment. Enhanced invasion, both in vitro and in vivo, was observed for OPNb- but not OPNc-expressing cells. Inhibition of RGD integrins, one family of OPN receptors, attenuated OPNb cell migration, abrogated OPNb cell adhesion and significantly reduced OPNb cell clonogenic survival but did not affect OPNc phenotypes, indicating that OPNb but not OPNc acts through integrin-dependent signaling. Differential expression of vimentin, E-cadherin and β-catenin in OPN stable cells may account for the variation in cell adhesion and detachment between these isoforms. We conclude that while all OPN isoforms are frequently co-overexpressed in primary EACs, isoforms OPNb and OPNc enhance invasion and dissemination through collective yet distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy L Myers
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daysha Ferrer-Torres
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Handlogten
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kimmy Leverenz
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia Bao
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas D Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark B Orringer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rishindra M Reddy
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Jaenisch S, Squire M, Butler R, Yazbeck R. In vitro development and validation of a non-invasive (13)C-stable isotope assay for ornithine decarboxylase. J Breath Res 2016; 10:026009. [PMID: 27137347 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/2/026009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is a significant cause of cancer related mortality, with increasing incidence worldwide. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is an enzyme involved in polyamine synthesis and cellular proliferation, and ODC expression and activity has been implicated as a prognostic marker of oesophageal cancer. This study aimed to develop and optimise an in vitro (13)C-stable isotope assay for ODC activity as a non-invasive marker of oesophageal cancer. Experiments were performed in triplicate (n = 3/group/cell line) using Caco2, HeLa, Flo-1, OE33, TE7 and OE21 cell lines (colorectal, cervical, oesophageal adenocarcinoma and oesophageal squamous carcinoma respectively). Following addition of 2mM (13)C-ornithine to cells, 10 ml gas samples were collected from the headspace every 20 min for a total of five hours. Gas samples were analysed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry to quantify (13)CO2. Assay specificity was determined using the selective ODC inhibitor, N-(4'-Pyridoxil)-Ornithine(BOC)-OMe (POB). All data is expressed as δ (13)CO2 from baseline. High ODC activity was detected by (13)C-ornithine assay in Caco2 (32.00 ± 1.12 δ (13)CO2) in contrast to HeLa cells (5.44 ± 0.14 δ (13)CO2) cells. POB inhibited activity in Caco2 cells to 12.87 ± 1.10 δ (13)CO2. Differential ODC activity was detected in all oesophageal cancer cells, and 53 h incubation of cell lines with POB reduced activity by 72%, 56%, 64% and 69% in the Flo-1, OE33, OE21 and TE7 cell lines respectively. We have shown that ODC activity can be selectively detected by a non-invasive, stable-isotope (13)C-ornithine assay. ODC activity was detected in all oesophageal cancer cell lines in vitro. Further studies are indicated to quantify ODC activity in oesophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Jaenisch
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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21
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Varghese S, Newton R, Ross-Innes CS, Lao-Sirieix P, Krishnadath KK, O'Donovan M, Novelli M, Wernisch L, Bergman J, Fitzgerald RC. Analysis of dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus based on expression pattern of 90 genes. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1511-1518.e5. [PMID: 26248086 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Diagnoses of dysplasia, based on histologic analyses, dictate management decisions for patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). However, there is much intra- and inter-observer variation in identification of dysplasia-particularly low-grade dysplasia. We aimed to identify a biomarker that could be used to assign patients with low-grade dysplasia to a low- or high-risk group. METHODS We performed a stringent histologic assessment of 150 frozen esophageal tissues samples collected from 4 centers in the United Kingdom (from 2000 through 2006). The following samples with homogeneous diagnoses were selected for gene expression profiling: 28 from patients with nondysplastic BE, 10 with low-grade dysplasia, 13 with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and 8 from patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. A leave-one-out cross-validation analysis was used identify a gene expression signature associated with HGD vs nondysplastic BE. Functional pathways associated with gene signature sets were identified using the MetaCore analysis. Gene expression signature sets were validated using gene expression data on BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma accessed through National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus, as well as a separate set of samples (n = 169) collected from patients who underwent endoscopy in the United Kingdom or the Netherlands and analyzed histologically. RESULTS We identified an expression pattern of 90 genes that could separate nondysplastic BE tissues from those with HGD (P < .0001). Genes in a pathway regulated by retinoic acid-regulated nuclear protein made the largest contribution to this gene set (P < .0001); the transcription factor MYC regulated at least 30% of genes within the signature (P < .0001). In the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus validation set, the signature separated nondysplastic BE samples from esophageal adenocarcinoma samples (P = .0012). In the UK and Netherlands validation cohort, the signature identified dysplastic tissues with an area under the curve value of 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.82-0.93). Of samples with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), 64% were considered high risk according to the 90-gene signature; these patients had a higher rate of disease progression than those with a signature categorized as low risk (P = .047). CONCLUSIONS We identified an expression pattern of 90 genes in esophageal tissues of patients with BE that was associated with low- or high-risk for disease progression. This pattern might be used in combination with histologic analysis of biopsy samples to stratify patients for treatment. It would be most beneficial for analysis of patients without definitive evidence of HGD but for whom early endoscopic intervention is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibu Varghese
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caryn S Ross-Innes
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Lao-Sirieix
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria O'Donovan
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Novelli
- GI Services, University College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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22
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Liersch-Löhn B, Slavova N, Buhr HJ, Bennani-Baiti IM. Differential protein expression and oncogenic gene network link tyrosine kinase ephrin B4 receptor to aggressive gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1220-31. [PMID: 26414866 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane tyrosine-kinase Ephrin receptors promote tumor progression and/or metastasis of several malignancies including leukemia, follicular lymphoma, glioma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, sarcomas and ovarian, breast, bladder and non-small cell lung cancers. They also drive intestinal stem cell proliferation and positioning, control intestinal tissue boundaries and are involved in liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, indicating involvement in additional digestive system malignancies. We investigated the role of Ephrin-B4 receptor (EPHB4), and its ligand EFNB2, in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers in patient cohorts through computational, mathematical, molecular and immunohistochemical analyses. We show that EPHB4 is upregulated in preneoplastic gastroesophageal lesions and its expression further increased in gastroesophageal cancers in several independent cohorts. The closely related EPHB6 receptor, which also binds EFNB2, was downregulated in all tested cohorts, consistent with its tumor-suppressive properties in other cancers. EFNB2 expression is induced in esophageal cells by acidity, suggesting that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may constitute an early triggering event in activating EFNB2-EPHB4 signaling. Association of EPHB4 to both Barrett's esophagus and to advanced tumor stages, and its overexpression at the tumor invasion front and vascular endothelial cells intimate the notion that EPHB4 may be associated with multiple steps of gastroesophageal tumorigenesis. Analysis of oncogenomic signatures uncovered the first EPHB4-associated gene network (false discovery rate: 7 × 10(-90) ) composed of a five-transcription factor interconnected gene network that drives proliferation, angiogenesis and invasiveness. The EPHB4 oncogenomic network provides a molecular basis for its role in tumor progression and points to EPHB4 as a potential tumor aggressiveness biomarker and drug target in gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Liersch-Löhn
- Department of Surgery, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadia Slavova
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz J Buhr
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,German Society for General and Visceral Surgery, Haus Der Bundespressekonferenz, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Zhu KC, Sun JM, Shen JG, Jin JZ, Liu F, Xu XL, Chen L, Liu LT, Lv JJ. Afzelin exhibits anti-cancer activity against androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells through the inhibition of LIM domain kinase 1. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2359-2365. [PMID: 26622852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer presents high occurrence worldwide. Medicinal plants are a major source of novel and potentially therapeutic molecules; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible anti-prostate cancer activity of afzelin, a flavonol glycoside that was previously isolated from Nymphaea odorata. The effect of afzelin on the proliferation of androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 cells was evaluated by performing a water soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay. In addition, the effect of afzelin on the cell cycle of the LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines was evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of afzelin on the kinases responsible for the regulation of actin organization. Afzelin was identified to inhibit the proliferation of LNCaP and PC3 cells, and block the cell cycle in the G0 phase. The anticancer activity of afzelin in these cells was determined to be due to inhibition of LIM domain kinase 1 expression. Thus, the in vitro efficacy of afzelin against prostate cancer is promising; however, additional studies on different animal models are required to substantiate its anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zhong Jin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ju Lv
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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24
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Wei G, Luo H, Sun Y, Li J, Tian L, Liu W, Liu L, Luo J, He J, Chen R. Transcriptome profiling of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma reveals a long noncoding RNA acting as a tumor suppressor. Oncotarget 2015; 6:17065-80. [PMID: 26158411 PMCID: PMC4627292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is among the most common malignant cancers worldwide. In the past, extensive efforts have been made to characterize the involvement of protein-coding genes in ESCC tumorigenesis but few for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). To investigate the transcriptome profile and functional relevance of lncRNAs, we performed an integrative analysis of a customized combined lncRNA-mRNA microarray and RNA-seq data on ESCCs and matched normal tissues. We identified numerous lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between the normal and tumor tissues, termed "ESCC-associated lncRNAs (ESCALs)", of which, the majority displayed restricted expression pattern. Also, a subset of ESCALs appeared to be associated with ESCC patient survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further suggested that over half of the ESCALs were positively-or negatively-associated with metastasis. Among these, we identified a novel nuclear-retained lncRNA, named Epist, which is generally highly expressed in esophagus, and which is down-regulated during ESCC progression. Epist over-expression and knockdown studies further suggest that Epist inhibits the metastasis, acting as a tumor suppressor in ESCC. Collectively, our analysis of the ESCC transcriptome identified the potential tumor suppressing lncRNA Epist, and provided a foundation for future efforts to identify functional lncRNAs for cancerous therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Wei
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Luo
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiagen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Tian
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runsheng Chen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Network of Computational Biology, RNCB, Beijing, China
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25
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Kapoor H, Agrawal DK, Mittal SK. Barrett's esophagus: recent insights into pathogenesis and cellular ontogeny. Transl Res 2015; 166:28-40. [PMID: 25701368 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased 6-fold in its incidence in the last 2 decades. Evidence supports the hypothesis of stepwise progression from normal squamous epithelium → reflux esophagitis → metaplasia (Barrett's esophagus, BE) → dysplasia → adenocarcinoma. The precursor, BE, stands as the bridge connecting the widespread but naive reflux disease and the rare but fatal EAC. The step of metaplasia from squamous to intestine-like columnar phenotype is perhaps pivotal in promoting dysplastic vulnerability. It is widely accepted that chronic inflammation because of gastroesophageal reflux disease leads to the development of metaplasia, however the precise molecular mechanism is yet to be discovered. Additionally, how this seemingly adaptive change in the cellular phenotype promotes dysplasia remains a mystery. This conceptual void is deterring further translational research and clouding clinical decision making. This article critically reviews theories on the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus and the various controversies surrounding its diagnosis. We further discuss unanswered questions and future directions, which are vital in formulating effective preventive and therapeutic guidelines for Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harit Kapoor
- Esophageal Center, Department of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Neb; Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Neb
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Neb
| | - Sumeet K Mittal
- Esophageal Center, Department of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Neb.
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Iglesias JM, Cairney CJ, Ferrier RK, McDonald L, Soady K, Kendrick H, Pringle MA, Morgan RO, Martin F, Smalley MJ, Blyth K, Stein T. Annexin A8 identifies a subpopulation of transiently quiescent c-kit positive luminal progenitor cells of the ductal mammary epithelium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119718. [PMID: 25803307 PMCID: PMC4372349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Annexin A8 (ANXA8) is strongly associated with the basal-like subgroup of breast cancers, including BRCA1-associated breast cancers, and poor prognosis; while in the mouse mammary gland AnxA8 mRNA is expressed in low-proliferative isolated pubertal mouse mammary ductal epithelium and after enforced involution, but not in isolated highly proliferative terminal end buds (TEB) or during pregnancy. To better understand ANXA8's association with this breast cancer subgroup we established ANXA8's cellular distribution in the mammary gland and ANXA8's effect on cell proliferation. We show that ANXA8 expression in the mouse mammary gland was strong during pre-puberty before the expansion of the rudimentary ductal network and was limited to a distinct subpopulation of ductal luminal epithelial cells but was not detected in TEB or in alveoli during pregnancy. Similarly, during late involution its expression was found in the surviving ductal epithelium, but not in the apoptotic alveoli. Double-immunofluorescence (IF) showed that ANXA8 positive (+ve) cells were ER-alpha negative (-ve) and mostly quiescent, as defined by lack of Ki67 expression during puberty and mid-pregnancy, but not terminally differentiated with ∼15% of ANXA8 +ve cells re-entering the cell cycle at the start of pregnancy (day 4.5). RT-PCR on RNA from FACS-sorted cells and double-IF showed that ANXA8+ve cells were a subpopulation of c-kit +ve luminal progenitor cells, which have recently been identified as the cells of origin of basal-like breast cancers. Over expression of ANXA8 in the mammary epithelial cell line Kim-2 led to a G0/G1 arrest and suppressed Ki67 expression, indicating cell cycle exit. Our data therefore identify ANXA8 as a potential mediator of quiescence in the normal mouse mammary ductal epithelium, while its expression in basal-like breast cancers may be linked to ANXA8's association with their specific cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Iglesias
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Synpromics Limited, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J. Cairney
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick K. Ferrier
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kelly Soady
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Kendrick
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Anne Pringle
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Reginald O. Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Finian Martin
- Conway Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew J. Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Stein
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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27
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) are aggressive cancers that are increasing in incidence and associated with a poor prognosis. The identification of highly expressed genes in EAC relative to metaplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) may provide new targets for novel early cancer detection strategies using endoscopically administered, fluorescently labeled peptides. METHODS Gene expression analysis of BE and EACs were used to identify the cell surface marker transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) as overexpressed in cancer. The expression of two major isoforms of TGM2 was determined by qRT-polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of 128 EACs. Protein expression was confirmed by tissue microarrays and immunoblot analysis of EAC cell lines. TGM2 DNA copy number was assessed using single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and confirmed by qPCR. TGM2 expression in neoadjuvantly treated EACs and following small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown in cisplatin-treated EAC cells was used to determine its possible role in chemoresistance. RESULTS TGM2 is overexpressed in 15 EACs relative to 26 BE samples. Overexpression of both TGM2 isoforms was confirmed in 128 EACs and associated with higher tumor stage, poor differentiation, and increased inflammatory and desmoplastic response. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry confirmed elevated TGM2 protein expression in EAC. Single nucleotide polymorphism and qPCR analysis revealed increased TGM2 gene copy number as one mechanism underlying elevated TGM2 expression. TGM2 was highly expressed in resistant EAC after patient treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy/radiation suggesting a role for TGM2 in chemoresistance. CONCLUSION TGM2 may be a useful cell surface biomarker for early detection of EAC.
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28
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de Plater L, Vincent-Salomon A, Berger F, Nicolas A, Vacher S, Gravier E, Thuleau A, Karboul N, Richardson M, Elbaz C, Marangoni E, Bièche I, Paoletti X, Roman-Roman S, Culp PA, Asselain B, Diéras V, Decaudin D. Predictive gene signature of response to the anti-TweakR mAb PDL192 in patient-derived breast cancer xenografts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104227. [PMID: 25375638 PMCID: PMC4222831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose (1) To determine TweakR expression in human breast cancers (BC), (2) evaluate the antitumor effect of the anti-TweakR antibody PDL192, used alone or after chemotherapy-induced complete remission (CR), on patient-derived BC xenografts (PDX) and (3) define predictive markers of response. Experimental Design TweakR expression was analyzed by IHC on patients and PDXs BC samples. In vivo antitumor effect of PDL192 was evaluated on eight TweakR-positive BC PDXs alone or after complete remission induced by a combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Using both responding and resistant PDX tumors after PDL192 administration, RT-QPCR were performed on a wide list of selected candidate genes to identify predictive markers of response. Results TweakR protein was expressed in about half of human BC samples. In vivo PDL192 treatment had significantly anti-tumor activity in 4 of 8 TweakR-positive BC PDXs, but no correlation between the expression level of the Tweak receptor and response to therapy was observed. PDL192 also significantly delayed tumor relapse after CR. Finally, an 8 gene signature was defined from sensitive and resistant PDXs. Conclusions PDL192 was highly efficient in some BC PDXs. We found 8 genes that were differentially expressed in responding and resistant tumors and could constitute a gene expression signature which would need to be extended to other xenograft models for confirmation. These data confirm the therapeutic potential of TweakR targeting in BC and the possibility of prospectively selecting patients who might benefit from therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla de Plater
- Laboratory of preclinical investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Frédérique Berger
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, Paris, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélie Thuleau
- Laboratory of preclinical investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Narjesse Karboul
- Laboratory of preclinical investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Clément Elbaz
- Laboratory of preclinical investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Laboratory of preclinical investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Paoletti
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, Paris, France
| | | | - Patricia A. Culp
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics, Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Bernard Asselain
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Decaudin
- Laboratory of preclinical investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Oncogenetic, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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29
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Burkly LC. TWEAK/Fn14 axis: The current paradigm of tissue injury-inducible function in the midst of complexities. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Yang X, Song JH, Cheng Y, Wu W, Bhagat T, Yu Y, Abraham JM, Ibrahim S, Ravich W, Roland BC, Khashab M, Singh VK, Shin EJ, Yang X, Verma AK, Meltzer SJ, Mori Y. Long non-coding RNA HNF1A-AS1 regulates proliferation and migration in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Gut 2014; 63:881-90. [PMID: 24000294 PMCID: PMC4612639 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been shown to play important roles in the development and progression of cancer. However, functional lncRNAs and their downstream mechanisms are largely unknown in the molecular pathogenesis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its progression. DESIGN lncRNAs that are abnormally upregulated in EACs were identified by RNA-sequencing analysis, followed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRTPCR) validation using tissues from 25 EAC patients. Cell biological assays in combination with small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown were performed in order to probe the functional relevance of these lncRNAs. RESULTS We discovered that a lncRNA, HNF1A-AS1, is markedly upregulated in human primary EACs relative to their corresponding normal oesophageal tissues (mean fold change 10.6, p<0.01). We further discovered that HNF1A-AS1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, suppressed S-phase entry, and inhibited cell migration and invasion in multiple in vitro EAC models (p<0.05). A gene ontological analysis revealed that HNF1A-AS1 knockdown preferentially affected genes that are linked to assembly of chromatin and the nucleosome, a mechanism essential to cell cycle progression. The well known cancer-related lncRNA, H19, was the gene most markedly inhibited by HNF1A-AS1 knockdown. Consistent to this finding, there was a significant positive correlation between HNF1A-AS1 and H19 expression in primary EACs (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS We have discovered abnormal upregulation of a lncRNA, HNF1A-AS1, in human EAC. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of HNF1A-AS1 participates in oesophageal tumorigenesis, and that this participation may be mediated, at least in part, by modulation of chromatin and nucleosome assembly as well as by H19 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jee Hoon Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tushar Bhagat
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yiting Yu
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - John M Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sariat Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William Ravich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bani Chander Roland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mouen Khashab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eun Ji Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Amit K Verma
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuriko Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Low blood levels of sTWEAK are related to locoregional failure in head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:1733-41. [PMID: 24858806 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Identifying serum pre-treatment molecular markers that can predict response to therapy is of great interest in head and neck oncology and is required to develop personalized treatments that maximize survival while minimizing morbidity. The main aim was to investigate the potential prognostic significance of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and its receptors, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) and CD163, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The study comprised 37 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed, untreated HNSCC. Serum and tissue samples from these patients were available for study. We determined sTWEAK and sCD163 levels in serum from 37 HNSCC patients by ELISA. TWEAK, CD163, Fn14 and TNF-α gene expression were detected by real-time RT-PCR in 111 matched tissue samples (tumoral, adjacent and distal/normal mucosa). Our results showed a significant relationship between low sTWEAK levels and poor locoregional control of the disease. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that the locoregional recurrence-free survival rate in patients with low sTWEAK circulating levels was significantly lower than in patients with high levels, and that high CD136/TWEAK expression ratio in tumors was also related to poor prognosis. sTWEAK pre-treatment serum levels might be used as prognostic non-invasive biomarkers for locoregional control in patients with HNSCC. Future investigations are warranted to determine the potential prognostic significance of this non-invasive biomarker in the rapid discrimination according to the locoregional control achieved in patients who received a non-surgical organ preservation treatment.
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32
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Green NH, Nicholls Z, Heath PR, Cooper-Knock J, Corfe BM, MacNeil S, Bury JP. Pulsatile exposure to simulated reflux leads to changes in gene expression in a 3D model of oesophageal mucosa. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:216-28. [PMID: 24713057 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal exposure to duodenogastroesophageal refluxate is implicated in the development of Barrett's metaplasia (BM), with increased risk of progression to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The literature proposes that reflux exposure activates NF-κB, driving the aberrant expression of intestine-specific caudal-related homeobox (CDX) genes. However, early events in the pathogenesis of BM from normal epithelium are poorly understood. To investigate this, our study subjected a 3D model of the normal human oesophageal mucosa to repeated, pulsatile exposure to specific bile components and examined changes in gene expression. Initial 2D experiments with a range of bile salts observed that taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) impacted upon NF-κB activation without causing cell death. Informed by this, the 3D oesophageal model was repeatedly exposed to TCDC in the presence and absence of acid, and the epithelial cells underwent gene expression profiling. We identified ~300 differentially expressed genes following each treatment, with a large and significant overlap between treatments. Enrichment analysis (Broad GSEA, DAVID and Metacore™; GeneGo Inc) identified multiple gene sets related to cell signalling, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation and cell adhesion. Specifically NF-κB activation, Wnt signalling, cell adhesion and targets for the transcription factors PTF1A and HNF4α were highlighted. Our data suggest that HNF4α isoform switching may be an early event in Barrett's pathogenesis. CDX1/2 targets were, however, not enriched, suggesting that although CDX1/2 activation reportedly plays a role in BM development, it may not be an initial event. Our findings highlight new areas for investigation in the earliest stages of BM pathogenesis of oesophageal diseases and new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola H Green
- Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Hyland PL, Hu N, Rotunno M, Su H, Wang C, Wang L, Pfeiffer RM, Gherman B, Giffen C, Dykes C, Dawsey SM, Abnet CC, Johnson KM, Acosta RD, Young PE, Cash BD, Taylor PR. Global changes in gene expression of Barrett's esophagus compared to normal squamous esophagus and gastric cardia tissues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93219. [PMID: 24714516 PMCID: PMC3979678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic precursor lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), the most rapidly increasing cancer in western societies. While the prevalence of BE is increasing, the vast majority of EA occurs in patients with undiagnosed BE. Thus, we sought to identify genes that are altered in BE compared to the normal mucosa of the esophagus, and which may be potential biomarkers for the development or diagnosis of BE. DESIGN We performed gene expression analysis using HG-U133A Affymetrix chips on fresh frozen tissue samples of Barrett's metaplasia and matched normal mucosa from squamous esophagus (NE) and gastric cardia (NC) in 40 BE patients. RESULTS Using a cut off of 2-fold and P<1.12E-06 (0.05 with Bonferroni correction), we identified 1324 differentially-expressed genes comparing BE vs NE and 649 differentially-expressed genes comparing BE vs NC. Except for individual genes such as the SOXs and PROM1 that were dysregulated only in BE vs NE, we found a subset of genes (n = 205) whose expression was significantly altered in both BE vs NE and BE vs NC. These genes were overrepresented in different pathways, including TGF-β and Notch. CONCLUSION Our findings provide additional data on the global transcriptome in BE tissues compared to matched NE and NC tissues which should promote further understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of genes involved in BE development, as well as insight into novel genes that may be useful as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of BE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L. Hyland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hua Su
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lemin Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Carol Giffen
- Information Management Services, Inc, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cathy Dykes
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Johnson
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruben D. Acosta
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick E. Young
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brooks D. Cash
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Unbekandt M, Olson MF. The actin-myosin regulatory MRCK kinases: regulation, biological functions and associations with human cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:217-25. [PMID: 24553779 PMCID: PMC3940853 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The contractile actin-myosin cytoskeleton provides much of the force required for numerous cellular activities such as motility, adhesion, cytokinesis and changes in morphology. Key elements that respond to various signal pathways are the myosin II regulatory light chains (MLC), which participate in actin-myosin contraction by modulating the ATPase activity and consequent contractile force generation mediated by myosin heavy chain heads. Considerable effort has focussed on the role of MLC kinases, and yet the contributions of the myotonic dystrophy-related Cdc42-binding kinases (MRCK) proteins in MLC phosphorylation and cytoskeleton regulation have not been well characterized. In contrast to the closely related ROCK1 and ROCK2 kinases that are regulated by the RhoA and RhoC GTPases, there is relatively little information about the CDC42-regulated MRCKα, MRCKβ and MRCKγ members of the AGC (PKA, PKG and PKC) kinase family. As well as differences in upstream activation pathways, MRCK and ROCK kinases apparently differ in the way that they spatially regulate MLC phosphorylation, which ultimately affects their influence on the organization and dynamics of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton. In this review, we will summarize the MRCK protein structures, expression patterns, small molecule inhibitors, biological functions and associations with human diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Unbekandt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK G61 1BD
| | - Michael F. Olson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK G61 1BD
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35
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Andreyev O, Hoyt RF, Singh A, Hunt T, Horvath KA. Overexpression of FABP3 inhibits human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation but enhances their survival in hypoxia. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:56-65. [PMID: 24583397 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studying the proliferative ability of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic conditions can help us achieve the effective regeneration of ischemic injured myocardium. Cardiac-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP3) is a specific biomarker of muscle and heart tissue injury. This protein is purported to be involved in early myocardial development, adult myocardial tissue repair and responsible for the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. We have investigated the role of FABP3 in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells under ischemic conditions. MSCs from 12 donors were cultured either in standard normoxic or modified hypoxic conditions, and the differential expression of FABP3 was tested by quantitative (RT)PCR and western blot. We also established stable FABP3 expression in MSCs and searched for variation in cellular proliferation and differentiation bioprocesses affected by hypoxic conditions. We identified: (1) the FABP3 differential expression pattern in the MSCs under hypoxic conditions; (2) over-expression of FABP3 inhibited the growth and proliferation of the MSCs; however, improved their survival in low oxygen environments; (3) the cell growth factors and positive cell cycle regulation genes, such as PCNA, APC, CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC6 were all down-regulated; while the key negative cell cycle regulation genes TP53, BRCA1, CASP3 and CDKN1A were significantly up-regulated in the cells with FABP3 overexpression. Our data suggested that FABP3 was up-regulated under hypoxia; also negatively regulated the cell metabolic process and the mitotic cell cycle. Overexpression of FABP3 inhibited cell growth and proliferation via negative regulation of the cell cycle and down-regulation of cell growth factors, but enhances cell survival in hypoxic or ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Wang
- Cellular Biology Section, Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yifu Zhou
- Cellular Biology Section, Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oleg Andreyev
- Cellular Biology Section, Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert F Hoyt
- Cellular Biology Section, Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avneesh Singh
- Cellular Biology Section, Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy Hunt
- Cellular Biology Section, Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keith A Horvath
- Cellular Biology Section, Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Program, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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36
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Li N, Hu WJ, Shi J, Xue J, Guo WX, Zhang Y, Guan DX, Liu SP, Cheng YQ, Wu MC, Xie D, Liu SR, Cheng SQ. Roles of fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3509-14. [PMID: 23886137 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blot assays and immunohistochemistry analysis were here performed in order to compare Fn14 expressions in paired liver samples of HCC and normal liver tissue. Most of the tumor tissues expressed significantly higher levels of Fn14 compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues, with Fn14High accounting for 54.6% (142/260) of all patients. The Pearson χ(2) test indicated that Fn14 expression was closely associated with serum alpha fetal protein (AFP) (P=0.002) and tumor number (p=0.019). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that along with tumor diameter and portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT ) type, Fn14 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (OS) (HR=1.398, p=0.008) and recurrence (HR=1.541, p=0.001) rates. Fn14 overexpression HCC correlated with poor surgical outcome, and this molecule may be a candidate biomarker for prognosis as well as a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Streppel MM, Lata S, DelaBastide M, Montgomery EA, Wang JS, Canto MI, Macgregor-Das AM, Pai S, Morsink FHM, Offerhaus GJ, Antoniou E, Maitra A, McCombie WR. Next-generation sequencing of endoscopic biopsies identifies ARID1A as a tumor-suppressor gene in Barrett's esophagus. Oncogene 2014; 33:347-57. [PMID: 23318448 PMCID: PMC3805724 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Barrett's esophagus (BE)-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides an unprecedented opportunity to uncover genomic alterations during BE pathogenesis and progression to EAC, but treatment-naive surgical specimens are scarce. The objective of this study was to establish the feasibility of using widely available endoscopic mucosal biopsies for successful NGS, using samples obtained from a BE 'progressor'. Paired-end whole-genome NGS was performed on the Illumina platform using libraries generated from mucosal biopsies of normal squamous epithelium (NSE), BE and EAC obtained from a patient who progressed to adenocarcinoma during endoscopic surveillance. Selective validation studies, including Sanger sequencing, immunohistochemistry and functional assays, were performed to confirm the NGS findings. NGS identified somatic nonsense mutations of AT-rich interactive domain 1A (SWI like) (ARID1A) and PPIE and an additional 37 missense mutations in BE and/or EAC, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. ARID1A mutations were detected in 15% (3/20) high-grade dysplasia (HGD)/EAC patients. Immunohistochemistry performed on an independent archival cohort demonstrated ARID1A protein loss in 0% (0/76), 4.9% (2/40), 14.3% (4/28), 16.0% (8/50) and 12.2% (12/98) of NSE, BE, low-grade dysplasia, HGD and EAC tissues, respectively, and was inversely associated with nuclear p53 accumulation (P=0.028). Enhanced cell growth, proliferation and invasion were observed on ARID1A knockdown in EAC cells. In addition, genes downstream of ARID1A that potentially contribute to the ARID1A knockdown phenotype were identified. Our studies establish the feasibility of using mucosal biopsies for NGS, which should enable the comparative analysis of larger 'progressor' versus 'non-progressor' cohorts. Further, we identify ARID1A as a novel tumor-suppressor gene in BE pathogenesis, reiterating the importance of aberrant chromatin in the metaplasia-dysplasia sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- MM Streppel
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Lata
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, NY, USA
| | - M DelaBastide
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, NY, USA
| | - EA Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JS Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - MI Canto
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology), John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - AM Macgregor-Das
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Pathobiology Program, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Pai
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - FHM Morsink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - GJ Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Antoniou
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, NY, USA
| | - A Maitra
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, John Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - WR McCombie
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, NY, USA
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38
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Wang J, Shi X, Johnson RH, Kelbauskas L, Zhang W, Meldrum DR. Single-cell analysis reveals early manifestation of cancerous phenotype in pre-malignant esophageal cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75365. [PMID: 24116039 PMCID: PMC3792915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity plays a pivotal role in a variety of functional processes in vivo including carcinogenesis. However, our knowledge about cell-to-cell diversity and how differences in individual cells manifest in alterations at the population level remains very limited mainly due to the lack of appropriate tools enabling studies at the single-cell level. We present a study on changes in cellular heterogeneity in the context of pre-malignant progression in response to hypoxic stress. Utilizing pre-malignant progression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) as a disease model system we studied molecular mechanisms underlying the progression from metaplastic to dysplastic (pre-cancerous) stage. We used newly developed methods enabling measurements of cell-to-cell differences in copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA, expression levels of a set of mitochondrial and nuclear genes involved in hypoxia response pathways, and mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast to bulk cell studies reported earlier, our study shows significant differences between metaplastic and dysplastic BE cells in both average values and single-cell parameter distributions of mtDNA copy numbers, mitochondrial function, and mRNA expression levels of studied genes. Based on single-cell data analysis, we propose that mitochondria may be one of the key factors in pre-malignant progression in BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxin Wang
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Xu Shi
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Roger H. Johnson
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Laimonas Kelbauskas
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Deirdre R. Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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Bajpai M, Kessel R, Bhagat T, Nischal S, Yu Y, Verma A, Das KM. High resolution integrative analysis reveals widespread genetic and epigenetic changes after chronic in-vitro acid and bile exposure in Barrett's epithelium cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:1123-32. [PMID: 24123713 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's epithelium (BE) is a premalignant condition resulting from chronic gastroesophageal reflux that may progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Early intervention holds promise in preventing BE progression. However, identification of high-risk BE patients remains challenging due to inadequate biomarkers for early diagnosis. We investigated the effect of prolonged chronic acid and bile exposure on transcriptome, methylome, and mutatome of cells in an in-vitro BE carcinogenesis (BEC) model. Twenty weeks acid and bile exposed cells from the BEC model (BEC20w) were compared with their naïve predecessors HiSeq Illumina based RNA sequencing was performed on RNA from both the cells for gene expression and mutational analysis. HELP Tagging Assay was performed for DNA methylation analysis. Ingenuity pathway, Gene Ontology, and KEGG PATHWAY analyses were then performed on datasets. Widespread aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes were observed in the BEC20w cells. Combinatorial analyses revealed 433 from a total of 863 downregulated genes had accompanying hypermethylation of promoters. Simultaneously, 690 genes from a total of 1,492 were upregulated with accompanying promoter hypomethylation. In addition, 763 mutations were identified on 637 genes. Ingenuity pathway analysis, Gene Ontology, and KEGG PATHWAY analyses associated the genetic and epigenetic changes in BEC20w cells with cellular and biological functions. Integration of high resolution comparative analyses of naïve BAR-T and BEC20w cells revealed striking genetic and epigenetic changes induced by chronic acid and bile exposure that may disrupt normal cellular functions and promote carcinogenesis. This novel study reveals several potential targets for future biomarkers and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Bajpai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, RUTGERS Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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40
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Zhou H, Hittelman WN, Yagita H, Cheung LH, Martin SS, Winkles JA, Rosenblum MG. Antitumor activity of a humanized, bivalent immunotoxin targeting fn14-positive solid tumors. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4439-50. [PMID: 23722548 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK; TNFSF12) receptor Fn14 (TNFRSF12A) is expressed at low levels in normal tissues but frequently highly expressed in a wide range of tumor types such as lung, melanoma, and breast, and therefore it is a potentially unique therapeutic target for these diverse tumor types. We have generated a recombinant protein containing a humanized, dimeric single-chain anti-fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14-kDa protein (Fn14) antibody fused to recombinant gelonin toxin as a potential therapeutic agent (designated hSGZ). The hSGZ immunotoxin is a highly potent and selective agent that kills Fn14-positive (Fn14(+)) tumor cells in vitro. Treatment of cells expressing the MDR protein MDR1 (ABCB1B) showed no cross-resistance to hSGZ. Induced overexpression of Fn14 levels in MCF7 cells through HER2 (ERBB2) signaling translated to an improved therapeutic index of hSGZ treatment. In combination with trastuzumab, hSGZ showed an additive or synergistic cytotoxic effect on HER2(+)/Fn14(+) breast cancer cell lines. Also, hSGZ treatment inhibited Erb3/Akt signaling in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice revealed that hSGZ exhibited a biexponential clearance from plasma with a rapid initial clearance (t1/2α = 1.26 hours) followed by a seven-fold longer plasma half-life (t1/2β = 7.29 hours). At 24, 48, and 72 hours after injection, uptake of the hSGZ into tumors was 5.1, 4.8, and 4.7%ID/g, with a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 5.6, 6.2, and 9.0, respectively. Therapeutic efficacy studies showed significant tumor inhibition effects using an MDA-MB-231/Luc breast cancer xenograft model. Our findings show that hSGZ is an effective anticancer agent and a potential candidate for clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Half-Life
- Humans
- Immunotoxins/pharmacokinetics
- Immunotoxins/pharmacology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacokinetics
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/pharmacokinetics
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- TWEAK Receptor
- Trastuzumab
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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41
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Shah AK, Saunders NA, Barbour AP, Hill MM. Early diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal adenocarcinoma--the current state of play. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1185-209. [PMID: 23576690 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the two most common types of esophageal cancer with alarming increase in incidence and very poor prognosis. Aiming to detect EAC early, currently high-risk patients are monitored using an endoscopic-biopsy approach. However, this approach is prone to sampling error and interobserver variability. Diagnostic tissue biomarkers related to genomic and cell-cycle abnormalities have shown promising results, although with current technology these tests are difficult to implement in the screening of high-risk patients for early neoplastic changes. Differential miRNA profiles and aberrant protein glycosylation in tissue samples have been reported to improve performance of existing tissue-based diagnostic biomarkers. In contrast to tissue biomarkers, circulating biomarkers are more amenable to population-screening strategies, due to the ease and low cost of testing. Studies have already shown altered circulating glycans and DNA methylation in BE/EAC, whereas disease-associated changes in circulating miRNA remain to be determined. Future research should focus on identification and validation of these circulating biomarkers in large-scale trials to develop in vitro diagnostic tools to screen population at risk for EAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kishorkumar Shah
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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42
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Pettersen I, Baryawno N, Abel F, Bakkelund WH, Zykova SN, Winberg JO, Moens U, Rasmuson A, Kogner P, Johnsen JI, Sveinbjörnsson B. Expression of TWEAK/Fn14 in neuroblastoma: implications in tumorigenesis. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1239-48. [PMID: 23443741 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines, acts on responsive cells via binding to a cell surface receptor called Fn14. TWEAK binding to an Fn14 receptor or constitutive Fn14 overexpression has been shown to activate nuclear factor κB signaling which is important in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy resistance. In the present study, we demonstrate that TWEAK and Fn14 are expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and primary tumors, and both are observed at increased levels in high-stage tumors. The treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with recombinant TWEAK in vitro causes increased survival, and this effect is partially due to the activation of NF-κB signaling. Moreover, TWEAK induces the release of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) in neuroblastoma cells, suggesting that TWEAK may play a role in the invasive phase of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. TWEAK-induced cell survival was significantly reduced by silencing the TWEAK and Fn14 gene functions by siRNA. Thus, the expression of TWEAK and Fn14 in neuroblastoma suggests that TWEAK functions as an important regulator of primary neuroblastoma growth, invasion and survival and that the therapeutic intervention of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway may be an important clinical strategy in neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Pettersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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43
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Zhou H, Ekmekcioglu S, Marks JW, Mohamedali KA, Asrani K, Phillips KK, Brown SAN, Cheng E, Weiss MB, Hittelman WN, Tran NL, Yagita H, Winkles JA, Rosenblum MG. The TWEAK receptor Fn14 is a therapeutic target in melanoma: immunotoxins targeting Fn14 receptor for malignant melanoma treatment. J Invest Dermatol 2012. [PMID: 23190886 PMCID: PMC3600159 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fn14, the cell surface receptor for TWEAK, is over-expressed in various human solid tumor types and can be a negative prognostic indicator. We detected Fn14 expression in ~60% of the melanoma cell lines we tested, including both B-Raf WT and B-RafV600E lines. Tumor tissue microarray analysis indicated that Fn14 expression was low in normal skin but elevated in 173/190 (92%) of primary melanoma specimens and in 86/150 (58%) of melanoma metastases tested. We generated both a chemical conjugate composed of the rGel toxin and the anti-Fn14 antibody ITEM-4 (designated ITEM4-rGel) and a humanized, dimeric single-chain antibody of ITEM-4 fused to rGel (designated hSGZ). Both ITEM4-rGel and hSGZ were highly cytotoxic to a panel of different melanoma cell lines. Mechanistic studies showed that both immunotoxins induced melanoma cell necrosis. Also, these immunotoxins could up-regulate the cellular expression of Fn14 and trigger cell signaling events similar to the Fn14 ligand TWEAK. Finally, treatment of mice bearing human melanoma MDA-MB-435 xenografts with either ITEM4-rGel or hSGZ showed significant tumor growth inhibition compared to controls. We conclude that Fn14 is a novel therapeutic target in melanoma and the hSGZ construct appears to warrant further development as a novel therapeutic agent against Fn14-positive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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44
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Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Bettegowda C, Hutfless SM, Wang Y, David S, Cheng Y, Twaddell WS, Latt NL, Shin EJ, Wang LD, Wang L, Yang W, Velculescu VE, Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Meltzer SJ. Comparative genomic analysis of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:899-905. [PMID: 22877736 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer ranks sixth in cancer death. To explore its genetic origins, we conducted exomic sequencing on 11 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) and 12 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) from the United States. Interestingly, inactivating mutations of NOTCH1 were identified in 21% of ESCCs but not in EACs. There was a substantial disparity in the spectrum of mutations, with more indels in ESCCs, A:T>C:G transversions in EACs, and C:G>G:C transversions in ESCCs (P < 0.0001). Notably, NOTCH1 mutations were more frequent in North American ESCCs (11 of 53 cases) than in ESCCs from China (1 of 48 cases). A parallel analysis found that most mutations in EACs were already present in matched Barrett esophagus. These discoveries highlight key genetic differences between EACs and ESCCs and between American and Chinese ESCCs, and suggest that NOTCH1 is a tumor suppressor gene in the esophagus. Finally, we provide a genetic basis for the evolution of EACs from Barrett esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Agrawal
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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45
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Michaelson JS, Kelly R, Yang L, Zhang X, Wortham K, Joseph IBJK. The anti-Fn14 antibody BIIB036 inhibits tumor growth in xenografts and patient derived primary tumor models and enhances efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in multiple xenograft models. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:812-21. [PMID: 22669574 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonistic antibodies targeting Fn14, the receptor for TWEAK, have demonstrated anti-tumor activity in xenograft models. Herein, we further explore the therapeutic potential of the humanized anti-Fn14 agonistic antibody, BIIB036, as a single agent and in combination with standard of care cancer therapeutics. Pharmacokinetic studies of BIIB036 in tumor-bearing mice revealed a half-life of approximately three days suggesting twice a week dosing would be necessary to maintain efficacy. However, in multiple xenograft models, BIIB036 treatment resulted in extended tumor growth inhibition up to 40-50 d following cessation of dosing, suggesting that frequent administration of BIIB036 may not be necessary to maintain prolonged anti-tumor activity. Subsequent xenograft studies revealed that maximal efficacy was achieved with BIIB036 dosing once every two weeks, by either intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration. Xenograft tumors that were initially treated with BIBI036 and then re-grew up to 1000 mm³ following cessation of the first cycle of treatment remained sensitive to a second cycle of treatment. BIIB036 was also evaluated in patient derived primary colon tumor models, where efficacy compared favorably with a standard of care agent. Lastly, BIIB036 enhanced the efficacy of several standard of care chemotherapeutics, including paclitaxel in MDA-MBA-231 breast tumor xenografts, paclitaxel or carboplatin in HOP62 non-small cell lung xenografts, and 5-FU in NCI-N87 gastric xenografts, with no overlapping toxicities. These studies thus establish BIIB036 as a promising therapeutic agent with durable anti-tumor activity in human xenografts as well as patient derived primary tumor models, and enhanced activity and tolerability in combination with standard of care chemotherapeutics. Taken together, the data presented herein suggest that BIIB036 warrants evaluation in the clinic.
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46
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Barrett's Esophagus: Emerging Knowledge and Management Strategies. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:814146. [PMID: 22701199 PMCID: PMC3369502 DOI: 10.1155/2012/814146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased exponentially in the last 3 decades. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor of EAC. Patients with BE have a greater than 40 folds higher risk of EAC compared with the general population. Recent years have witnessed a revolution in the clinical and molecular research related to BE. However, several aspects of this condition remain controversial. Data regarding the true prevalence of BE have varied widely. Recent studies have suggested a lower incidence of EAC in nondysplastic BE (NDBE) than previously reported. There is paucity of prospective data showing a survival benefit of screening or surveillance for BE. Furthermore, the ever-increasing emphasis on healthcare cost containment has called for reexamination of the screening and surveillance strategies for BE. There is a need for identification of reliable clinical predictors or molecular biomarkers to risk-stratify patients who might benefit the most from screening or surveillance for BE. Finally, new therapies have emerged for the management of dysplastic BE. In this paper, we highlight the key areas of controversy and uncertainty surrounding BE. The paper discusses, in detail, the current literature about the molecular pathogenesis, biomarkers, histopathological diagnosis, and management strategies for BE.
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47
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Whitsett TG, Cheng E, Inge L, Asrani K, Jameson NM, Hostetter G, Weiss GJ, Kingsley CB, Loftus JC, Bremner R, Tran NL, Winkles JA. Elevated expression of Fn14 in non-small cell lung cancer correlates with activated EGFR and promotes tumor cell migration and invasion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:111-20. [PMID: 22634180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide; approximately 85% of these cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with NSCLC frequently have tumors harboring somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene that cause constitutive receptor activation. These patients have the best clinical response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Herein, we show that fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14; TNFRSF12A) is frequently overexpressed in NSCLC tumors, and Fn14 levels correlate with p-EGFR expression. We also report that NSCLC cell lines that contain EGFR-activating mutations show high levels of Fn14 protein expression. EGFR TKI treatment of EGFR-mutant HCC827 cells decreased Fn14 protein levels, whereas EGF stimulation of EGFR wild-type A549 cells transiently increased Fn14 expression. Furthermore, Fn14 is highly expressed in EGFR-mutant H1975 cells that also contain an EGFR TKI-resistance mutation, and high TKI doses are necessary to reduce Fn14 levels. Constructs encoding EGFRs with activating mutations induced Fn14 expression when expressed in rat lung epithelial cells. We also report that short hairpin RNA-mediated Fn14 knockdown reduced NSCLC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Finally, Fn14 overexpression enhanced NSCLC cell migration and invasion in vitro and increased experimental lung metastases in vivo. Thus, Fn14 may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC, in particular for those with EGFR-driven tumors who have either primary or acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Whitsett
- Division of Cancer and Cell Biology, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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48
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Wang KK, Tian JM, Gorospe E, Penfield J, Prasad G, Goddard T, Wongkeesong M, Buttar NS, Lutzke L, Krishnadath S. Medical and endoscopic management of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2012; 25:349-55. [PMID: 22409514 PMCID: PMC4134126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2012.01342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The management of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus has clearly changed over recent years. The risk of cancer development is still substantial, with about one in three patients developing cancer, but a number of patients do not develop cancer. The nature of high-grade dysplasia has also been genetically elucidated with more evidence of chromosomal instability being present at this stage than previously thought. Therapy of the condition has evolved more toward endoscopic therapy, given the good results of radio-frequency ablation and photodynamic therapy in eliminating dysplasia and decreasing cancer development in randomized controlled trial. The best candidates for treatment include compliant patients that have relatively short segments of Barrett's esophagus, an anatomically straight segment, lack of nodularity, and an intact p16. However, even with excellent long-term results similar to surgical resection, the risk of recurrence is present in over 14% of patients, which indicates that there will be a need to continue surveillance endoscopy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55934, USA.
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49
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Pizzi M, Fassan M, Realdon S, Balistreri M, Battaglia G, Giacometti C, Zaninotto G, Zagonel V, De Boni M, Rugge M. Anterior gradient 2 profiling in Barrett columnar epithelia and adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1839-44. [PMID: 22521076 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Barrett esophagus is the precancerous lesion leading to Barrett adenocarcinoma. The natural history of Barrett metaplasia and its neoplastic progression are still controversial. Anterior gradient 2 is up-regulated in both Barrett intestinal metaplasia and Barrett adenocarcinoma, but no information is available on anterior gradient 2 expression in the spectrum of the phenotypic changes occurring in the natural history of Barrett adenocarcinoma (Barrett esophagus cardiac-type metaplasia, Barrett esophagus intestinal metaplasia, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia [formerly called low-grade dysplasia], and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia [formerly called high-grade dysplasia]). Applying immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, this study addressed the role of anterior gradient 2 in Barrett carcinogenesis. Anterior gradient 2 expression was assessed semiquantitatively in 125 consecutive biopsy samples in the adenocarcinoma spectrum arising in Barrett esophagus (Barrett esophagus cardiac-type metaplasia, 25; Barrett esophagus intestinal metaplasia, 25; low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 25; high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 25; Barrett adenocarcinoma, 25). Additional biopsy samples of esophageal squamous mucosa (n=25) served as controls. Anterior gradient 2 messenger RNA expression was also tested (reverse transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) in a different series of 40 samples (esophageal squamous mucosa, 10; Barrett esophagus cardiac-type metaplasia, 10; Barrett esophagus intestinal metaplasia, 10; Barrett adenocarcinoma, 10). Anterior gradient 2 was never expressed in squamous esophageal epithelium but consistently overexpressed (to much the same degree) in the whole spectrum of Barrett disease (Barrett esophagus cardiac-type metaplasia, Barrett esophagus intestinal metaplasia, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and Barrett adenocarcinoma). Anterior gradient 2 messenger RNA was expressed significantly more in Barrett esophagus cardiac-type metaplasia, Barrett esophagus intestinal metaplasia, and Barrett adenocarcinoma than in native squamous epithelium (P<.001), with no significant differences between the 3 groups. Anterior gradient 2 overexpression affects the whole spectrum of the metaplastic/neoplastic lesions involved in Barrett carcinogenesis. This study supports the biological similarity of the nonintestinal and intestinal types of Barrett metaplasia as precursors of Barrett adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
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50
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Pensabene L, Cohen MC, Thomson M. Clinical implications of molecular changes in pediatric Barrett's esophagus. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2012; 14:253-61. [PMID: 22373715 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-012-0252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a preneoplastic condition that predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although data on the occurrence of BE in children are limited, recent studies have suggested an increase in the pediatric population. BE is thought to be a complex disease in which individual genetic predisposition interacts with environmental stimuli. Early premalignant clones produce biological and genetic heterogeneity, resulting in stepwise changes in differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, allowing disease progression under selective pressure. The value of endoscopic surveillance biopsy for dysplasia and carcinoma in patients with BE is controversial. Thus, the recognition of early and objective alternative risk markers, less susceptible of sampling error, will be of relevance in the management of BE patients. The possibility of performing molecular genetics on paraffin-embedded biopsies will expand our understanding of the natural history of BE and may lead to the use of biomarkers to inform treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Pensabene
- Department of Paediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy,
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