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Rota Graziosi E, François S, Nasser F, Gauthier M, Oger M, Favier AL, Drouet M, Jullien N, Riccobono D. Comparison of Three Antagonists of Hedgehog Pathway to Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration after High Dose Irradiation. Radiat Res 2024; 201:429-439. [PMID: 38253061 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The current geopolitical context has brought the radiological nuclear risk to the forefront of concerns. High-dose localized radiation exposure leads to the development of a musculocutaneous radiation syndrome affecting the skin and subcutaneous muscles. Despite the implementation of a gold standard treatment based on an invasive surgical procedure coupled with autologous cell therapy, a muscular defect frequently persists. Targeting the modulation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway appears to be a promising therapeutic approach. Activation of this pathway enhances cell survival and promotes proliferation after irradiation, while inhibition by Cyclopamine facilitates differentiation. In this study, we compared the effects of three antagonists of Hh, Cyclopamine (CA), Vismodegib (VDG) and Sonidegib (SDG) on differentiation. A stable cell line of murine myoblasts, C2C12, was exposed to X-ray radiation (5 Gy) and treated with CA, VDG or SDG. Analysis of proliferation, survival (apoptosis), morphology, myogenesis genes expression and proteins production were performed. According to the results, VDG does not have a significant impact on C2C12 cells. SDG increases the expression/production of differentiation markers to a similar extent as CA, while morphologically, SDG proves to be more effective than CA. To conclude, SDG can be used in the same way as CA but already has a marketing authorization with an indication against basal cell cancers, facilitating their use in vivo. This proof of concept demonstrates that SDG represents a promising alternative to CA to promotes differentiation of murine myoblasts. Future studies on isolated and cultured satellite cells and in vivo will test this proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rota Graziosi
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Sabine François
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- INSERM, UMR1296, Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon and Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Farah Nasser
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Michel Gauthier
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Myriam Oger
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Imagery Unit, Department of Platforms and Technology Research, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Anne-Laure Favier
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Imagery Unit, Department of Platforms and Technology Research, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Michel Drouet
- INSERM, UMR1296, Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon and Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiations Bioeffects Department, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Nicolas Jullien
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiobiology unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Diane Riccobono
- INSERM, UMR1296, Radiations: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon and Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- IRBA, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Radiations Bioeffects Department, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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Morales-Alcala CC, Georgiou IC, Timmis AJ, Riobo-Del Galdo NA. Integral Membrane Protein 2A Is a Negative Regulator of Canonical and Non-Canonical Hedgehog Signalling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082003. [PMID: 34440772 PMCID: PMC8394137 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) receptor PTCH1 and the integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A) inhibit autophagy by reducing autolysosome formation. In this study, we demonstrate that ITM2A physically interacts with PTCH1; however, the two proteins inhibit autophagic flux independently, since silencing of ITM2A did not prevent the accumulation of LC3BII and p62 in PTCH1-overexpressing cells, suggesting that they provide alternative modes to limit autophagy. Knockdown of ITM2A potentiated PTCH1-induced autophagic flux blockade and increased PTCH1 expression, while ITM2A overexpression reduced PTCH1 protein levels, indicating that it is a negative regulator of PTCH1 non-canonical signalling. Our study also revealed that endogenous ITM2A is necessary for timely induction of myogenic differentiation markers in C2C12 cells since partial knockdown delays the timing of differentiation. We also found that basal autophagic flux decreases during myogenic differentiation at the same time that ITM2A expression increases. Given that canonical Hh signalling prevents myogenic differentiation, we investigated the effect of ITM2A on canonical Hh signalling using GLI-luciferase assays. Our findings demonstrate that ITM2A is a strong negative regulator of GLI transcriptional activity and of GLI1 stability. In summary, ITM2A negatively regulates canonical and non-canonical Hh signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintli C. Morales-Alcala
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (C.C.M.-A.); (I.C.G.)
| | - Ioanna Ch. Georgiou
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (C.C.M.-A.); (I.C.G.)
| | - Alex J. Timmis
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Natalia A. Riobo-Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (C.C.M.-A.); (I.C.G.)
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0113-34-39184
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Su S, Wang Y, Chen C, Suh M, Azain M, Kim WK. Fatty Acid Composition and Regulatory Gene Expression in Late-Term Embryos of ACRB and COBB Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:317. [PMID: 32671107 PMCID: PMC7330006 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobb broilers (COBB) have been heavily selected for their production performance in the past several decades, while the Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) chickens, a meat-type breed, have been kept as a non-selected control strain. The purpose of this study was to compare these two lines of chickens at late embryonic development and identify the molecular markers and fatty acid profiles underlining their differences in growth performance due to selection. Fertilized eggs of the ACRB (n = 6) and COBB (n = 6) were used at 14 and 18 embryonic days. Genes involved in lipogenesis and myogenesis were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcroption-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and fatty acid (FA) compositions of egg yolk, muscle, and liver were measured using gas chromatography. COBB had higher egg weight, embryo weight, and breast and fat ratio. The gene expression in the liver showed an interaction between age and breed on FASN expression, with the highest level in COBB at E18. ACRB had higher ApoB and MTTP expression, but lower SREBP-1 expression compared to COBB. No difference was found in myogenesis gene expression in the muscle between two breeds. For the FA composition, muscle was largely affected by both breed and age. Yolk and liver were affected mainly by breed and age, respectively. Constant interaction effects in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), indicating the highest level in all the tested tissues of ACRB at E14 and the constant main effects with higher myristic, palmitic, and gondoic, but lower linolenic acid in the liver and yolk of COBB compared to the levels in those of ACRB. Finally, fat accumulation in the liver had no obvious difference between the breeds but was higher when embryo was older. In conclusion, broiler breed affects egg, embryo, and tissue weight, as well as FA composition in initial egg yolk and throughout the embryonic development. The highest docosahexaenoic percentage was observed in ACRB, indicating that genetic selection may result in fatty acid profile changes such as lower DHA content in chicken tissues and eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Su
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders & Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders & Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael Azain
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Taylor R, Long J, Yoon JW, Childs R, Sylvestersen KB, Nielsen ML, Leong KF, Iannaccone S, Walterhouse DO, Robbins DJ, Iannaccone P. Regulation of GLI1 by cis DNA elements and epigenetic marks. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 79:10-21. [PMID: 31085420 PMCID: PMC6570425 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GLI1 is one of three transcription factors (GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3) that mediate the Hedgehog signal transduction pathway and play important roles in normal development. GLI1 and GLI2 form a positive-feedback loop and function as human oncogenes. The mouse and human GLI1 genes have untranslated 5′ exons and large introns 5′ of the translational start. Here we show that Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) stimulates occupancy in the introns by H3K27ac, H3K4me3 and the histone reader protein BRD4. H3K27ac and H3K4me3 occupancy is not significantly changed by removing BRD4 from the human intron and transcription start site (TSS) region. We identified six GLI binding sites (GBS) in the first intron of the human GLI1 gene that are in regions of high sequence conservation among mammals. GLI1 and GLI2 bind all of the GBS in vitro. Elimination of GBS1 and 4 attenuates transcriptional activation by GLI1. Elimination of GBS1, 2, and 4 attenuates transcriptional activation by GLI2. Eliminating all sites essentially eliminates reporter gene activation. Further, GLI1 binds the histone variant H2A.Z. These results suggest that GLI1 and GLI2 can regulate GLI1 expression through protein-protein interactions involving complexes of transcription factors, histone variants, and reader proteins in the regulatory intron of the GLI1 gene. GLI1 acting in trans on the GLI1 intron provides a mechanism for GLI1 positive feedback and auto-regulation. Understanding the combinatorial protein landscape in this locus will be important to interrupting the GLI positive feedback loop and providing new therapeutic approaches to cancers associated with GLI1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Taylor
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jun Long
- The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Joon Won Yoon
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ronnie Childs
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - King-Fu Leong
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Stephen Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - David O Walterhouse
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA.
| | - Philip Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.
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Synergistic inhibition of the Hedgehog pathway by newly designed Smo and Gli antagonists bearing the isoflavone scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:554-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Brown RE, Buryanek J, Katz AM, Paz K, Wolff JE. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: morphoproteomics and personalized tumor graft testing further define the biology of PAX3-FKHR(FOXO1) subtype and provide targeted therapeutic options. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46263-46272. [PMID: 27323832 PMCID: PMC5216796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) represents a block in differentiation of malignant myoblasts. Genomic events implicated in the pathogenesis of ARMS involve PAX3-FKHR (FOXO1) or PAX7-FKHR (FOXO1) translocation with corresponding fusion transcripts and fusion proteins. Commonalities in ARMS include uncontrollable proliferation and failure to differentiate. The genomic-molecular correlates contributing to the etiopathogenesis of ARMS incorporate PAX3-FKHR (FOXO1) fusion protein stimulation of the IGF-1R, c-Met and GSK3-β pathways. With sequential morphoproteomic profiling on such a case in conjunction with personalized tumor graft testing, we provide an expanded definition of the biology of PAX3-FKHR (FOXO1) ARMS that integrates genomics, proteomics and pharmacogenomics. Moreover, therapies that target the genomic and molecular biology and lead to tumoral regression and/or tumoral growth inhibition in a xenograft model of ARMS are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Brown
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UT Health, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Jamie Buryanek
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UT Health, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Amanda M Katz
- Scientific Operations, Champions Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Keren Paz
- Scientific Operations, Champions Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Johannes E Wolff
- Present address: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
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7
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Meng Q, Wang K, Liu X, Zhou H, Xu L, Wang Z, Fang M. Identification of growth trait related genes in a Yorkshire purebred pig population by genome-wide association studies. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:462-469. [PMID: 27809465 PMCID: PMC5394831 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to identify genomic regions or genes controlling growth traits in pigs. Methods Using a panel of 54,148 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we performed a genome-wide Association (GWA) study in 562 pure Yorshire pigs with four growth traits: average daily gain from 30 kg to 100 kg or 115 kg, and days to 100 kg or 115 kg. Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification method was used to identify the associations between 54,148 SNPs and these four traits. SNP annotations were performed through the Sus scrofa data set from Ensembl. Bioinformatics analysis, including gene ontology analysis, pathway analysis and network analysis, was used to identify the candidate genes. Results We detected 6 significant and 12 suggestive SNPs, and identified 9 candidate genes in close proximity to them (suppressor of glucose by autophagy [SOGA1], R-Spondin 2 [RSPO2], mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 6 [MAP2K6], phospholipase C beta 1 [PLCB1], rho GTPASE activating protein 24 [ARHGAP24], cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 [CPEB4], GLI family zinc finger 2 [GLI2], neuronal tyrosine-phosphorylated phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor 2 [NYAP2], and zinc finger protein multitype 2 [ZFPM2]). Gene ontology analysis and literature mining indicated that the candidate genes are involved in bone, muscle, fat, and lung development. Pathway analysis revealed that PLCB1 and MAP2K6 participate in the gonadotropin signaling pathway and suggests that these two genes contribute to growth at the onset of puberty. Conclusion Our results provide new clues for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying growth traits, and may help improve these traits in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Meng
- Beijing Breeding Swine Center, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Haishen Zhou
- Beijing Breeding Swine Center, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing Breeding Swine Center, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Beijing Breeding Swine Center, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Meiying Fang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Gurdziel K, Vogt KR, Schneider G, Richards N, Gumucio DL. Computational prediction and experimental validation of novel Hedgehog-responsive enhancers linked to genes of the Hedgehog pathway. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26912062 PMCID: PMC4765071 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, acting through three homologous transcription factors (GLI1, GLI2, GLI3) in vertebrates, plays multiple roles in embryonic organ development and adult tissue homeostasis. At the level of the genome, GLI factors bind to specific motifs in enhancers, some of which are hundreds of kilobases removed from the gene promoter. These enhancers integrate the Hh signal in a context-specific manner to control the spatiotemporal pattern of target gene expression. Importantly, a number of genes that encode Hh pathway molecules are themselves targets of Hh signaling, allowing pathway regulation by an intricate balance of feed-back activation and inhibition. However, surprisingly few of the critical enhancer elements that control these pathway target genes have been identified despite the fact that such elements are central determinants of Hh signaling activity. Recently, ChIP studies have been carried out in multiple tissue contexts using mouse models carrying FLAG-tagged GLI proteins (GLI(FLAG)). Using these datasets, we tested whether a meta-analysis of GLI binding sites, coupled with a machine learning approach, could reveal genomic features that could be used to empirically identify Hh-regulated enhancers linked to loci of the Hh signaling pathway. RESULTS A meta-analysis of four existing GLI(FLAG) datasets revealed a library of GLI binding motifs that was substantially more restricted than the potential sites predicted by previous in vitro binding studies. A machine learning method (kmer-SVM) was then applied to these datasets and enriched k-mers were identified that, when applied to the mouse genome, predicted as many as 37,000 potential Hh enhancers. For functional analysis, we selected nine regions which were annotated to putative Hh pathway molecules and found that seven exhibited GLI-dependent activity, indicating that they are directly regulated by Hh signaling (78% success rate). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Hh enhancer regions share common sequence features. The kmer-SVM machine learning approach identifies those features and can successfully predict functional Hh regulatory regions in genomic DNA surrounding Hh pathway molecules and likely, other Hh targets. Additionally, the library of enriched GLI binding motifs that we have identified may allow improved identification of functional GLI binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gurdziel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kyle R Vogt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gary Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Neil Richards
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Wei H, Zhou Y, Jiang S, Huang F, Peng J, Jiang S. Transcriptional response of porcine skeletal muscle to feeding a linseed-enriched diet to growing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:6. [PMID: 26862397 PMCID: PMC4746901 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of feeding a linseed-enriched diet to growing-finishing pigs on gene expression in skeletal muscle, pigs were fed with a linseed-enriched diet for 0, 30, 60 and 90 d. Transcriptional profiles of longissimus dorsi muscle were measured using Affymetrix Genechip. RESULTS Results showed that 264 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The strongest transcriptional response was clearly observed at 30 d. DEGs were assigned to several main functional terms, including transcription, apoptosis, intracellular receptor-mediated signaling, muscle organ development, fatty acid metabolic process, cell motion, regulation of glucose metabolic process, spermatogenesis and regulation of myeloid cell differentiation. We also found that transcriptional changs of several transcription cofactors might contribute to n-3 PUFAs regulated gene expression. In addition, the increased expression of IGF-1, insulin signaling pathway and the metabolism of amino acids might involve in the muscle growth induced by feeding a linseed-enriched diet. The results also provide the new evidence that the expression changes of PTPN1, HK2 and PGC-1α might contribute to the regulation of insulin sensitivity by n-3 PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS Our finding provided correlative evidence that feeding the linseed enriched diet affact expression of genes involved in insulin signaling pathway and the metabolism of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Wei
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Shuzhong Jiang
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Jian Peng
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- />Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
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Zangari A, Zaini J, Gulìa C. Genetics of Bladder Malignant Tumors in Childhood. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:14-32. [PMID: 27013922 PMCID: PMC4780472 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666151014221954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder masses are represented by either benign or malignant entities. Malignant bladder tumors are frequent causes of disease and death in western countries. However, in children they are less common. Additionally, different features are found in childhood, in which non epithelial tumors are more common than epithelial ones. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common pediatric bladder tumor, but many other types of lesions may be found, such as malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and neuroblastoma. Other rarer tumors described in literature include urothelial carcinoma and other epithelial neoplasms. Rhabdomyosarcoma is associated to a variety of genetic syndromes and many genes are involved in tumor development. PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR (P-F) fusion state has important implications in the pathogenesis and biology of RMS, and different genes alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of P-F negative and embryonal RMS, which are the subsets of tumors most frequently affecting the bladder. These genes include p53, MEF2, MYOG, Ptch1, Gli1, Gli3, Myf5, MyoD1, NF1, NRAS, KRAS, HRAS, FGFR4, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, FBXW7, IGF1R, PDGFRA, ERBB2/4, MET, BCOR. Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) usually shows SMARCB1/INI1 alterations. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene translocations are the most frequently associated alterations in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). Few genes alterations in urothelial neoplasms have been reported in the paediatric population, which are mainly related to deletion of p16/lnk4, overexpression of CK20 and overexpression of p53. Here, we reviewed available literature to identify genes associated to bladder malignancies in children and discussed their possible relationships with these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Zaini
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia, dipartimento di scienze biologiche (DEB), Viterbo, Italy
| | - Caterina Gulìa
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Urologia, Roma, Italy
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Hettmer S, Lin MM, Tchessalova D, Tortorici SJ, Castiglioni A, Desai T, Mao J, McMahon AP, Wagers AJ. Hedgehog-driven myogenic tumors recapitulate skeletal muscle cellular heterogeneity. Exp Cell Res 2016; 340:43-52. [PMID: 26460176 PMCID: PMC4718790 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation in R26-SmoM2;CAGGS-CreER mice, which carry a tamoxifen-inducible activated Smoothened allele (SmoM2), results in numerous microscopic tumor foci in mouse skeletal muscle. These tumors exhibit a highly differentiated myogenic phenotype and resemble human fetal rhabdomyomas. This study sought to apply previously established strategies to isolate lineally distinct populations of normal mouse myofiber-associated cells in order to examine cellular heterogeneity in SmoM2 tumors. We demonstrate that established SmoM2 tumors are composed of cells expressing myogenic, adipocytic and hematopoietic lineage markers and differentiation capacity. SmoM2 tumors thus recapitulate the phenotypic and functional hetereogeneity observed in normal mouse skeletal muscle. SmoM2 tumors also contain an expanded population of PAX7+ and MyoD+ satellite-like cells with extremely low clonogenic activity. Selective activation of Hh signaling in freshly isolated muscle satellite cells enhanced terminal myogenic differentiation without stimulating proliferation. Our findings support the conclusion that SmoM2 tumors represent an aberrant skeletal muscle state and demonstrate that, similar to normal muscle, myogenic tumors contain functionally distinct cell subsets, including cells lacking myogenic differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hettmer
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michael M Lin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daria Tchessalova
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sara J Tortorici
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alessandra Castiglioni
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tushar Desai
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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12
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Vleeshouwer-Neumann T, Phelps M, Bammler TK, MacDonald JW, Jenkins I, Chen EY. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Antagonize Distinct Pathways to Suppress Tumorigenesis of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144320. [PMID: 26636678 PMCID: PMC4670218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is the most common soft tissue cancer in children. The prognosis of patients with relapsed or metastatic disease remains poor. ERMS genomes show few recurrent mutations, suggesting that other molecular mechanisms such as epigenetic regulation might play a major role in driving ERMS tumor biology. In this study, we have demonstrated the diverse roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the pathogenesis of ERMS by characterizing effects of HDAC inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; also known as vorinostat) in vitro and in vivo. TSA and SAHA suppress ERMS tumor growth and progression by inducing myogenic differentiation as well as reducing the self-renewal and migratory capacity of ERMS cells. Differential expression profiling and pathway analysis revealed downregulation of key oncogenic pathways upon HDAC inhibitor treatment. By gain-of-function, loss-of-function, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies, we show that Notch1- and EphrinB1-mediated pathways are regulated by HDACs to inhibit differentiation and enhance migratory capacity of ERMS cells, respectively. Our study demonstrates that aberrant HDAC activity plays a major role in ERMS pathogenesis. Druggable targets in the molecular pathways affected by HDAC inhibitors represent novel therapeutic options for ERMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Phelps
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James W. MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Isaac Jenkins
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Y. Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Targeting GLI factors to inhibit the Hedgehog pathway. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:547-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Ridzewski R, Rettberg D, Dittmann K, Cuvelier N, Fulda S, Hahn H. Hedgehog Inhibitors in Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Comparison of Four Compounds and Responsiveness of Four Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2015; 5:130. [PMID: 26106586 PMCID: PMC4459089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and is divided into two major histological subgroups, i.e., embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar RMS (ARMS). RMS can show HEDGEHOG/SMOOTHENED (HH/SMO) signaling activity and several clinical trials using HH inhibitors for therapy of RMS have been launched. We here compared the antitumoral effects of the SMO inhibitors GDC-0449, LDE225, HhA, and cyclopamine in two ERMS (RD, RUCH-2) and two ARMS (RMS-13, Rh41) cell lines. Our data show that the antitumoral effects of these SMO inhibitors are highly divers and do not necessarily correlate with inhibition of HH signaling. In addition, the responsiveness of the RMS cell lines to the drugs is highly heterogeneous. Whereas some SMO inhibitors (i.e., LDE225 and HhA) induce strong proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects in some RMS cell lines, others paradoxically induce cellular proliferation at certain concentrations (e.g., 10 μM GDC-0449 or 5 μM cyclopamine in RUCH-2 and Rh41 cells) or can increase HH signaling activity as judged by GLI1 expression (i.e., LDE225, HhA, and cyclopamine). Similarly, some drugs (e.g., HhA) inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling or induce autophagy (e.g., LDE225) in some cell lines, whereas others cannot (e.g., GDC-0449). In addition, the effects of SMO inhibitors are concentration-dependent (e.g., 1 and 10 μM GDC-0449 decrease GLI1 expression in RD cells whereas 30 μM GDC-0449 does not). Together these data show that some SMO inhibitors can induce strong antitumoral effects in some, but not all, RMS cell lines. Due to the highly heterogeneous response, we propose to conduct thorough pretesting of SMO inhibitors in patient-derived short-term RMS cultures or patient-derived xenograft mouse models before applying these drugs to RMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Ridzewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Diana Rettberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Kai Dittmann
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Nicole Cuvelier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Heidi Hahn
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen , Goettingen , Germany
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15
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Jiang QW, Chen MW, Cheng KJ, Yu PZ, Wei X, Shi Z. Therapeutic Potential of Steroidal Alkaloids in Cancer and Other Diseases. Med Res Rev 2015; 36:119-43. [PMID: 25820039 DOI: 10.1002/med.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids are a class of secondary metabolites isolated from plants, amphibians, and marine invertebrates. Evidence accumulated in the recent two decades demonstrates that steroidal alkaloids have a wide range of bioactivities including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, etc., suggesting their great potential for application. It is therefore necessary to comprehensively summarize the bioactivities, especially anticancer activities and mechanisms of steroidal alkaloids. Here we systematically highlight the anticancer profiles both in vitro and in vivo of steroidal alkaloids such as dendrogenin, solanidine, solasodine, tomatidine, cyclopamine, and their derivatives. Furthermore, other bioactivities of steroidal alkaloids are also discussed. The integrated molecular mechanisms in this review can increase our understanding on the utilization of steroidal alkaloids and contribute to the development of new drug candidates. Although the therapeutic potentials of steroidal alkaloids look promising in the preclinical and clinical studies, further pharmacokinetic and clinical studies are mandated to define their efficacy and safety in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wei Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 519000, China
| | - Ke-Jun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei-Zhong Yu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
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16
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Li T, Liao X, Lochhead P, Morikawa T, Yamauchi M, Nishihara R, Inamura K, Kim SA, Mima K, Sukawa Y, Kuchiba A, Imamura Y, Baba Y, Shima K, Meyerhardt JA, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Qian ZR. SMO expression in colorectal cancer: associations with clinical, pathological, and molecular features. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:4164-73. [PMID: 25023548 PMCID: PMC4221469 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoothened, frizzled family receptor (SMO) is an important component of the hedgehog signaling pathway, which has been implicated in various human carcinomas. However, clinical, molecular, and prognostic associations of SMO expression in colorectal cancer remain unclear. METHODS Using a database of 735 colon and rectal cancers in the Nurse's Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we examined the relationship of tumor SMO expression (assessed by immunohistochemistry) to prognosis, and to clinical, pathological, and tumor molecular features, including mutations of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA, microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), LINE-1 methylation, and expression of phosphorylated AKT and CTNNB1. RESULTS SMO expression was detected in 370 tumors (50 %). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, SMO expression was independently inversely associated with phosphorylated AKT expression [odds ratio (OR) 0.48; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.34-0.67] and CTNNB1 nuclear localization (OR 0.48; 95 % CI 0.35-0.67). SMO expression was not significantly associated with colorectal cancer-specific or overall survival. However, in CIMP-high tumors, but not CIMP-low/0 tumors, SMO expression was significantly associated with better colorectal cancer-specific survival (log-rank P = 0.012; multivariate hazard ratio, 0.36; 95 % CI 0.13-0.95; P interaction = 0.035, for SMO and CIMP status). CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal novel potential associations between the hedgehog, the WNT/CTNNB1, and the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphonate 3-kinase)/AKT pathways, supporting pivotal roles of SMO and hedgehog signaling in pathway networking. SMO expression in colorectal cancer may interact with tumor CIMP status to affect patient prognosis, although confirmation by future studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Rajurkar M, Huang H, Cotton JL, Brooks JK, Sicklick J, McMahon AP, Mao J. Distinct cellular origin and genetic requirement of Hedgehog-Gli in postnatal rhabdomyosarcoma genesis. Oncogene 2014; 33:5370-8. [PMID: 24276242 PMCID: PMC4309268 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Hedgehog (Hh)-Gli signaling pathway is implicated in a variety of human cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), medulloblastoma (MB) and embryonal rhabdhomyosarcoma (eRMS), three principle tumors associated with human Gorlin syndrome. However, the cells of origin of these tumors, including eRMS, remain poorly understood. In this study, we explore the cell populations that give rise to Hh-related tumors by specifically activating Smoothened (Smo) in both Hh-producing and -responsive cell lineages in postnatal mice. Interestingly, we find that unlike BCC and MB, eRMS originates from the stem/progenitor populations that do not normally receive active Hh signaling. Furthermore, we find that the myogenic lineage in postnatal mice is largely Hh quiescent and that Pax7-expressing muscle satellite cells are not able to give rise to eRMS upon Smo or Gli1/2 overactivation in vivo, suggesting that Hh-induced skeletal muscle eRMS arises from Hh/Gli quiescent non-myogenic cells. In addition, using the Gli1 null allele and a Gli3 repressor allele, we reveal a specific genetic requirement for Gli proteins in Hh-induced eRMS formation and provide molecular evidence for the involvement of Sox4/11 in eRMS cell survival and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Rajurkar
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jennifer L. Cotton
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Julie K. Brooks
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Jason Sicklick
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, WM Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90015
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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18
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Primary cilia control hedgehog signaling during muscle differentiation and are deregulated in rhabdomyosarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9151-6. [PMID: 24927541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323265111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium acts as a cellular antenna, transducing diverse signaling pathways, and recent evidence suggests that primary cilia are important in development and cancer. However, a role for cilia in normal muscle development and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has not been explored. Here we implicate primary cilia in proliferation, hedgehog (Hh) signaling, and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. Cilia and Hh signaling are highly dynamic during the differentiation of myoblasts. We show that cilia are assembled during the initial stages of myogenic differentiation but disappear as cells progress through myogenesis, concomitant with the destruction of proteins critical for cilia assembly and shortly after the Hh effector, Gli3, leaves the cilium. Importantly, we show that ablation of primary cilia strongly suppresses Hh signaling and myogenic differentiation while enhancing proliferation. Interestingly, our data further indicate that both cilia assembly and Hh signaling are deregulated in RMS, and cilia respond to Hh ligand in certain subsets of RMS cells but not others. Together, these findings provide evidence for an essential role for both primary cilia assembly and disassembly in the control of Hh signaling and early differentiation in muscle cells. We suggest that the temporally orchestrated destruction of centrosomal and ciliary proteins is a necessary antecedent for removal of the primary cilium and cessation of Hh signaling during myogenic differentiation. Additionally, our results further stratify RMS populations and highlight cilia assembly and disassembly as potential RMS drug targets.
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19
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Chen Q, Xu R, Zeng C, Lu Q, Huang D, Shi C, Zhang W, Deng L, Yan R, Rao H, Gao G, Luo S. Down-regulation of Gli transcription factor leads to the inhibition of migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells via integrin β4-mediated FAK signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88386. [PMID: 24533083 PMCID: PMC3922814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by Gli transcription factors is characteristic of a variety of aggressive human carcinomas including ovarian cancer. Therefore, chemotherapeutic agents that inhibit activation of Gli transcription factors have emerged as promising novel therapeutic drugs for ovarian cancer. Results In this study, we show that activation of Hh signaling promoted cellular migration and invasion, whereas blockade of Hh signaling with GANT61 suppressed cellular migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells. After treatment with GANT61, cDNA microarray analyses revealed changes in many genes such as Integrin β4 subunit (ITGB4), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), etc. Furthermore, ITGB4 expression was up-regulated by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) ligand and down-regulated by Hh signaling inhibitor. The Shh-mediated ovarian cell migration and invasion was blocked by neutralizing antibodies to ITGB4. In addition, phosphorylations of FAK were increased by Shh and decreased by Hh signaling inhibitor. Inhibition of Gli1 expression using siRNA mimicked the effects of GANT61 treatment, supporting the specificity of GANT61. Further investigations showed that activation of FAK was required for Shh-mediated cell migration and invasion. Finally, we found that down-regulation of Gli reduced the expression of ITGB4 and the phosphorylated FAK, resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions The Hh signaling pathway induces cell migration and invasion through ITGB4-mediated activation of FAK in ovarian cancer. Our findings suggest that the diminishment of crosstalk between phosphorylated FAK and ITGB4 due to the down-regulation of Gli family transcription factors might play a pivotal role for inhibiting ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Quqin Lu
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dengliang Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Runwei Yan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hai Rao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guolan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Beijing Aeronautics, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (GG)
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (GG)
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Inaguma S, Riku M, Hashimoto M, Murakami H, Saga S, Ikeda H, Kasai K. GLI1 interferes with the DNA mismatch repair system in pancreatic cancer through BHLHE41-mediated suppression of MLH1. Cancer Res 2013; 73:7313-23. [PMID: 24165159 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch repair (MMR) system is indispensable for the fidelity of DNA replication, the impairment of which predisposes to the development and progression of many types of cancers. To date, GLI1 transcription factor, a key molecule of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, has been shown to regulate the expression of several genes crucial for a variety of cancer cell properties in many types of cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but whether GLI1 could control the MMR system was not known. Here, we showed that GLI1 and GLI2 indirectly suppressed the expression of MLH1 in PDAC cells. Through GLI1 target gene screening, we found that GLI1 and GLI2 activated the expression of a basic helix-loop-helix type suppressor BHLHE41/DEC2/SHARP1 through a GLI-binding site in the promoter. Consistent with a previous report that BHLHE41 suppresses the MLH1 promoter activity, we found that the activation of GLI1 led to the BHLHE41-dependent suppression of MLH1, and a double knockdown of GLI1 and GLI2 conversely increased the MLH1 protein in PDAC cells. Using TALEN-based modification of the MLH1 gene, we further showed that GLI1 expression was indeed associated with an increased tolerance to a methylating agent, methylnitrosourea cooperatively with a lower copy number status of MLH1. Finally, GLI1 expression was immunohistochemically related positively with BHLHE41 and inversely with MLH1 in PDAC cells and precancerous lesions of the pancreas. On the basis of these results, we propose that GLI1 depresses the MMR activity and might contribute to the development and progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Hettmer S, Teot LA, van Hummelen P, MacConaill L, Bronson RT, Dall'Osso C, Mao J, McMahon AP, Gruber PJ, Grier HE, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Fletcher CD, Wagers AJ. Mutations in Hedgehog pathway genes in fetal rhabdomyomas. J Pathol 2013; 231:44-52. [PMID: 23780909 PMCID: PMC3875333 DOI: 10.1002/path.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-independent, constitutive activation of Hedgehog signalling in mice expressing a mutant, activated SmoM2 allele results in the development of multifocal, highly differentiated tumours that express myogenic markers (including desmin, actin, MyoD and myogenin). The histopathology of these tumours, commonly classified as rhabdomyosarcomas, more closely resembles human fetal rhabdomyoma (FRM), a benign tumour that can be difficult to distinguish from highly differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas. We evaluated the spectrum of Hedgehog (HH) pathway gene mutations in a cohort of human FRM tumours by targeted Illumina sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for PTCH1. Our studies identified functionally relevant aberrations at the PTCH1 locus in three of five FRM tumours surveyed, including a PTCH1 frameshift mutation in one tumour and homozygous deletions of PTCH1 in two tumours. These data suggest that activated Hedgehog signalling contributes to the biology of human FRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hettmer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Renault MA, Robbesyn F, Chapouly C, Yao Q, Vandierdonck S, Reynaud A, Belloc I, Traiffort E, Ruat M, Desgranges C, Gadeau AP. Hedgehog-dependent regulation of angiogenesis and myogenesis is impaired in aged mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2858-66. [PMID: 24135022 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to further document alteration of signal transduction pathways, more particularly of hedgehog (Hh) signaling, causing impaired ischemic muscle repair in old mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used 12-week-old (young mice) and 20- to 24-month-old C57BL/6 mice (old mice) to investigate the activity of Hh signaling in the setting of hindlimb ischemia-induced angiogenesis and skeletal muscle repair. In this model, delayed ischemic muscle repair observed in old mice was associated with an impaired upregulation of Gli1. Sonic Hh expression was not different in old mice compared with young mice, whereas desert Hh (Dhh) expression was downregulated in the skeletal muscle of old mice both in healthy and ischemic conditions. The rescue of Dhh expression by gene therapy in old mice promoted ischemia-induced angiogenesis and increased nerve density; nevertheless, it failed to promote myogenesis or to increase Gli1 mRNA expression. After further investigation, we found that, in addition to Dhh, smoothened expression was significantly downregulated in old mice. We used smoothened haploinsufficient mice to demonstrate that smoothened knockdown by 50% is sufficient to impair activation of Hh signaling and ischemia-induced muscle repair. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that Hh signaling is impaired in aged mice because of Dhh and smoothened downregulation. Moreover, it shows that hegdehog-dependent regulation of angiogenesis and myogenesis involves distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ange Renault
- From the University of Bordeaux, Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, UMR1034, Pessac, France (M.-A.R., F.R., C.C., Q.Y., S.V., A.R., I.B., C.D., A.-P.G.); INSERM, Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, U1034, Pessac, France (M.-A.R., F.R., C.C., Q.Y., S.V., A.R., I.B., C.D., A.-P.G.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pharmacie de l'Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Bordeaux, France (C.C., S.V.); and CNRS, UPR-3294, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Développement, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard IFR2118, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (E.T., M.R.)
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Expression of the glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (gli1) in advanced serous ovarian cancer is associated with unfavorable overall survival. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60145. [PMID: 23555905 PMCID: PMC3610749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence links aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling with the pathogenesis of several cancers including medulloblastoma, glioblastoma, melanoma as well as pancreas, colorectal, and prostate carcinomas. Here we investigated the role of the transcription factor Gli1 in ovarian cancer. To this end, the expression profile of Gli1 was examined in normal ovaries, ovarian tumors, and ovarian cancer cell lines, and the in vitro effects of a specific Hh-pathway blocker, KAAD-cyclopamine, or a specific Gli1 inhibitor (GANT58) on cell proliferation and on Hh target gene expression were also assessed. Results obtained showed that epithelial cells in ovarian cancer tissue express significantly higher levels of nuclear Gli1 than in normal ovarian tissue, where the protein was almost undetectable. In addition, multivariate analysis showed that nuclear Gli1 was independently associated to poor survival in advanced serous ovarian cancer patients (HR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.0–5.1, p = 0.04). In vitro experiments demonstrated Gli1 expression in the three ovarian carcinoma cell lines tested, A2780, SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3. Remarkably, although KAAD-cyclopamine led to decreased cell proliferation, this treatment did not inhibit hedgehog target gene expression in any of the three ovarian cancer cell lines, suggesting that the inhibition of cell proliferation was a nonspecific or toxic effect. In line with these data, no differences on cell proliferation were observed when cell lines were treated with GANT58. Overall, our clinical data support the role of Gli1 as a prognostic marker in advanced serous ovarian cancer and as a possible therapeutic target in this disease. However, our in vitro findings draw attention to the need for selection of appropriate experimental models that accurately represent human tumor for testing future therapies involving Hh pathway inhibitors.
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Fu J, Rodova M, Roy SK, Sharma J, Singh KP, Srivastava RK, Shankar S. GANT-61 inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell growth in vitro and in NOD/SCID/IL2R gamma null mice xenograft. Cancer Lett 2012. [PMID: 23200667 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is aberrantly reactivated in pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs). The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which GANT-61 (Gli transcription factor inhibitor) regulates stem cell characteristics and tumor growth. Effects of GANT-61 on CSC's viability, spheroid formation, apoptosis, DNA-binding and transcriptional activities, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured. Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2R gamma(null) mice were used to examine the effects of GANT-61 on CSC's tumor growth. GANT-61 inhibited cell viability, spheroid formation, and Gli-DNA binding and transcriptional activities, and induced apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of Poly-ADP ribose Polymerase (PARP). GANT-61 increased the expression of TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-R2/DR5 and Fas, and decreased expression of PDGFRα and Bcl-2. GANT-61 also suppressed EMT by up-regulating E-cadherin and inhibiting N-cadherin and transcription factors Snail, Slug and Zeb1. In addition, GANT-61 inhibited pluripotency maintaining factors Nanog, Oct4, Sox-2 and cMyc. Suppression of both Gli1 plus Gli2 by shRNA mimicked the changes in cell viability, spheroid formation, apoptosis and gene expression observed in GANT-61-treated pancreatic CSCs. Furthermore, GANT-61 inhibited CSC tumor growth which was associated with up-regulation of DR4 and DR5 expression, and suppression of Gli1, Gli2, Bcl-2, CCND2 and Zeb1 expression in tumor tissues derived from NOD/SCID IL2Rγ null mice. Our data highlight the importance of Shh pathway for self-renewal and metastasis of pancreatic CSCs, and also suggest Gli as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer in eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Belyea B, Kephart JG, Blum J, Kirsch DG, Linardic CM. Embryonic signaling pathways and rhabdomyosarcoma: contributions to cancer development and opportunities for therapeutic targeting. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:406239. [PMID: 22619564 PMCID: PMC3350847 DOI: 10.1155/2012/406239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence, accounting for approximately 7% of childhood cancers. Current therapies include nonspecific cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens, radiation therapy, and surgery; however, these multimodality strategies are unsuccessful in the majority of patients with high-risk disease. It is generally believed that these tumors represent arrested or aberrant skeletal muscle development, and, accordingly, developmental signaling pathways critical to myogenesis such as Notch, WNT, and Hedgehog may represent new therapeutic targets. In this paper, we summarize the current preclinical studies linking these embryonic pathways to rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis and provide support for the investigation of targeted therapies in this embryonic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Belyea
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Julie Grondin Kephart
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jordan Blum
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David G. Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Corinne M. Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Calcitriol inhibits hedgehog signaling and induces vitamin d receptor signaling and differentiation in the patched mouse model of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:357040. [PMID: 22550417 PMCID: PMC3329653 DOI: 10.1155/2012/357040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is characteristic of the embryonal subtype (ERMS) and of fusion-negative alveolar RMS. In the mouse, ERMS-like tumors can be induced by mutations in the Hh receptor Patched1 (Ptch). As in humans these tumors show increased Hh pathway activity. Here we demonstrate that the treatment with the active form of vitamin D3, calcitriol, inhibits Hh signaling and proliferation of murine ERMS in vivo and in vitro. Concomitantly, calcitriol activates vitamin D receptor (Vdr) signaling and induces tumor differentiation. In addition, calcitriol inhibits ERMS growth in Ptch-mutant mice, which is, however, a rather late response. Taken together, our results suggest that exogenous supply of calcitriol could be beneficial in the treatment of RMS, especially in those which are associated with aberrant Hh signaling activity.
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Singh BN, Fu J, Srivastava RK, Shankar S. Hedgehog signaling antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics: molecular mechanisms. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27306. [PMID: 22087285 PMCID: PMC3210776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that aberrant reactivation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway regulates genes that promote cellular proliferation in various human cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, the chemotherapeutic agents that inhibit activation of Gli transcription factors have emerged as promising novel therapeutic drugs for pancreatic cancer. GDC-0449 (Vismodegib), orally administrable molecule belonging to the 2-arylpyridine class, inhibits SHH signaling pathway by blocking the activities of Smoothened. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which GDC-0449 regulates human pancreatic CSC characteristics in vitro. Methodology/Principal Findings GDC-0499 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in three pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic CSCs. This inhibitor also suppressed cell viability, Gli-DNA binding and transcriptional activities, and induced apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage in pancreatic CSCs. GDC-0449-induced apoptosis in CSCs showed increased Fas expression and decreased expression of PDGFRα. Furthermore, Bcl-2 was down-regulated whereas TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5 expression was increased following the treatment of CSCs with GDC-0449. Suppression of both Gli1 plus Gli2 by shRNA mimicked the changes in cell viability, spheroid formation, apoptosis and gene expression observed in GDC-0449-treated pancreatic CSCs. Thus, activated Gli genes repress DRs and Fas expressions, up-regulate the expressions of Bcl-2 and PDGFRα and facilitate cell survival. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that GDC-0499 can be used for the management of pancreatic cancer by targeting pancreatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahma N. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, and Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Junsheng Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, and Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Rubin BP, Nishijo K, Chen HIH, Yi X, Schuetze DP, Pal R, Prajapati SI, Abraham J, Arenkiel BR, Chen QR, Davis S, McCleish AT, Capecchi MR, Michalek JE, Zarzabal LA, Khan J, Yu Z, Parham DM, Barr FG, Meltzer PS, Chen Y, Keller C. Evidence for an unanticipated relationship between undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:177-91. [PMID: 21316601 PMCID: PMC3040414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (eRMS) shows the most myodifferentiation among sarcomas, yet the precise cell of origin remains undefined. Using Ptch1, p53 and/or Rb1 conditional mouse models and controlling prenatal or postnatal myogenic cell of origin, we demonstrate that eRMS and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) lie in a continuum, with satellite cells predisposed to giving rise to UPS. Conversely, p53 loss in maturing myoblasts gives rise to eRMS, which have the highest myodifferentiation potential. Regardless of origin, Rb1 loss modifies tumor phenotype to mimic UPS. In human sarcomas that lack pathognomic chromosomal translocations, p53 loss of function is prevalent, whereas Shh or Rb1 alterations likely act primarily as modifiers. Thus, sarcoma phenotype is strongly influenced by cell of origin and mutational profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Rubin
- Depts. of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Taussig Cancer Center and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Koichi Nishijo
- Greehey Children s Cancer Research Institute, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Hung-I Harry Chen
- Greehey Children s Cancer Research Institute, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Xiaolan Yi
- Greehey Children s Cancer Research Institute, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - David P. Schuetze
- Depts. of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Taussig Cancer Center and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Ranadip Pal
- Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Suresh I. Prajapati
- Greehey Children s Cancer Research Institute, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Jinu Abraham
- Greehey Children s Cancer Research Institute, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | | | - Qing-Rong Chen
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Genetics Branch, Laboratory of Pathology, NIH/National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Amanda T. McCleish
- Greehey Children s Cancer Research Institute, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Mario R. Capecchi
- Dept. of Human Genetics, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Joel E. Michalek
- Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Lee Ann Zarzabal
- Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA
| | - Zhongxin Yu
- Depts. of Pathology and Pediatrics, Univ. of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - David M. Parham
- Depts. of Pathology and Pediatrics, Univ. of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Frederic G. Barr
- Dept. of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Paul S. Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Laboratory of Pathology, NIH/National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children s Cancer Research Institute, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
- Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Greehey Children s Cancer Research Institute, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
- Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Pape' Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- corresponding author: 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code: L321, Portland, OR 97239-3098, Tel 503.494.1210, Fax 503.418.5044,
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Expression of Gαz in C2C12 cells restrains myogenic differentiation. Cell Signal 2011; 23:389-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Actis M, Connelly MC, Mayasundari A, Punchihewa C, Fujii N. A structure-activity relationship study of small-molecule inhibitors of GLI1-mediated transcription. Biopolymers 2010; 95:24-30. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Li F, Duman-Scheel M, Yang D, Du W, Zhang J, Zhao C, Qin L, Xin S. Sonic hedgehog signaling induces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via induction of the G1 cyclin-retinoblastoma axis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1787-94. [PMID: 20720195 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.208520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia, the main cause of restenosis following vascular reconstruction. Here, the impact of sonic hedgehog (Shh)/Gli family zinc finger 2 (Gli2) signaling on VSMC proliferation was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS Increased Shh signaling was detected in VSMCs in the neointima of vein grafts obtained from mice undergoing restenosis. Comparable results were found in primary cultured human VSMCs (hVSMCs) obtained from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, which were used to further assess the impacts of Shh signaling on VSMC proliferation. Inhibition of Shh signaling in hVSMCs through treatment with cyclopamine or knockdown of Gli2 results in G(1) arrest and reduced cyclin D1, cyclin E, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRB) levels. In contrast, activation of Shh/Gli2 signaling in hVSMCs results in increased levels of G(1) cyclins and promotes G(1)-S transition. Stimulation of hVSMC proliferation by Shh is abolished by cyclin D1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Combined, these results demonstrate that Shh/Gli2 signaling stimulates VSMC proliferation via regulation of the G(1) cyclin-retinoblastoma axis and suggest that antagonists that target the Shh pathway may be therapeutically beneficial in the prevention of intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghe Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 1st Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Activation of the hedgehog pathway confers a poor prognosis in embryonal and fusion gene-negative alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene 2010; 29:6323-30. [PMID: 20818440 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and comprises two major histological subtypes: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). Seventy-five percent of ARMS harbor reciprocal chromosomal translocations leading to fusion genes of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 and PAX3 or PAX7. The hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been implied in tumor formation and progression of various cancers including RMS. However, whether Hh pathway activation presents a general feature of RMS or whether it is restricted to specific subgroups has not yet been addressed. Here, we report that marker genes of active Hh signaling, that is, Patched1 (Ptch1), Gli1, Gli3 and Myf5, are expressed at significantly higher levels in ERMS and fusion gene-negative ARMS compared with fusion gene-positive ARMS in two distinct cohorts of RMS patients. Consistently, Gli1 expression correlates with Ptch1 expression in ERMS and fusion gene-negative ARMS, but not in fusion gene-positive ARMS. In addition, expression levels of MyoD1 are significantly lower in ERMS and fusion gene-negative ARMS, pointing to an inverse association of Hh activation and early muscle differentiation. Moreover, Myf5 is identified as a novel excellent class predictor for RMS by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Importantly, high expression of Ptch1 or low MyoD1 expression significantly correlate with reduced cumulative survival in fusion gene-negative RMS underscoring the clinical relevance of these findings. By showing that Hh signaling is preferentially activated in specific subgroups of RMS, our study has important implications for molecular targeted therapies, such as small molecule Hh inhibitors, in RMS.
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Amide conjugates of ketoprofen and indole as inhibitors of Gli1-mediated transcription in the Hedgehog pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4801-11. [PMID: 20605720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported small-molecule inhibitors of Gli1-mediated transcription, an essential down-stream element of the Hh pathway. We created new derivatives of the previous compounds aiming to improve the druggable properties. The new compounds, amide conjugates of ketoprofen and indole, showed inhibitory activity and membrane permeability, while also improving the microsome stability. Among them, 33 and 42 inhibited Gli-luciferase reporter in C3H10T1/2 cells that were exogenously transfected with Gli1 with 2.6 μM and 1.6 μM of IC₅₀, respectively, and in Rh30 cells that endogenously overexpress Gli1, and were selective to Gli1 over Gli2.
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Peacock ZS, Cox D, Schmidt BL. Involvement of PTCH1 mutations in the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:387-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen MH, Wilson CW, Li YJ, Law KKL, Lu CS, Gacayan R, Zhang X, Hui CC, Chuang PT. Cilium-independent regulation of Gli protein function by Sufu in Hedgehog signaling is evolutionarily conserved. Genes Dev 2009; 23:1910-28. [PMID: 19684112 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1794109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A central question in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is how evolutionarily conserved components of the pathway might use the primary cilium in mammals but not fly. We focus on Suppressor of fused (Sufu), a major Hh regulator in mammals, and reveal that Sufu controls protein levels of full-length Gli transcription factors, thus affecting the production of Gli activators and repressors essential for graded Hh responses. Surprisingly, despite ciliary localization of most Hh pathway components, regulation of Gli protein levels by Sufu is cilium-independent. We propose that Sufu-dependent processes in Hh signaling are evolutionarily conserved. Consistent with this, Sufu regulates Gli protein levels by antagonizing the activity of Spop, a conserved Gli-degrading factor. Furthermore, addition of zebrafish or fly Sufu restores Gli protein function in Sufu-deficient mammalian cells. In contrast, fly Smo is unable to translocate to the primary cilium and activate the mammalian Hh pathway. We also uncover a novel positive role of Sufu in regulating Hh signaling, resulting from its control of both Gli activator and repressor function. Taken together, these studies delineate important aspects of cilium-dependent and cilium-independent Hh signal transduction and provide significant mechanistic insight into Hh signaling in diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Hsueh Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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36
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ten Haaf A, Bektas N, von Serenyi S, Losen I, Arweiler EC, Hartmann A, Knüchel R, Dahl E. Expression of the glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) 1 in human breast cancer is associated with unfavourable overall survival. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:298. [PMID: 19706168 PMCID: PMC2753634 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor GLI1, a member of the GLI subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins is involved in signal transduction within the hedgehog pathway. Aberrant hedgehog signalling has been implicated in the development of different human tumour entities such as colon and lung cancer and increased GLI1 expression has been found in these tumour entities as well. In this study we questioned whether GLI1 expression might also be important in human breast cancer development. Furthermore we correlated GLI1 expression with histopathological and clinical data to evaluate whether GLI1 could represent a new prognostic marker in breast cancer treatment. METHODS Applying semiquantitative realtime PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) GLI1 expression was analysed in human invasive breast carcinomas (n = 229) in comparison to normal human breast tissues (n = 58). GLI1 mRNA expression was furthermore analysed in a set of normal (n = 3) and tumourous breast cell lines (n = 8). IHC data were statistically interpreted using SPSS version 14.0. RESULTS Initial analysis of GLI1 mRNA expression in a small cohort of (n = 5) human matched normal and tumourous breast tissues showed first tendency towards GLI1 overexpression in human breast cancers. However only a small sample number was included into these analyses and values for GLI1 overexpression were statistically not significant (P = 0.251, two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test). On protein level, nuclear GLI1 expression in breast cancer cells was clearly more abundant than in normal breast epithelial cells (P = 0.008, two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test) and increased expression of GLI1 protein in breast tumours significantly correlated with unfavourable overall survival (P = 0.019), but also with higher tumour stage (P < 0.001) and an increased number of tumour-positive axillar lymph nodes (P = 0.027). Interestingly, a highly significant correlation was found between GLI1 expression and the expression of SHH, a central upstream molecule of the hedgehog pathway that was previously analysed on the same tissue microarray. CONCLUSION Our study presents a systematic expression analysis of GLI1 in human breast cancer. Elevated levels of GLI1 protein in human breast cancer are associated with unfavourable prognosis and progressive stages of disease. Thus GLI1 protein expression measured e.g. by an IHC based scoring system might have an implication in future multi-marker panels for human breast cancer prognosis or molecular sub typing. The highly significant correlation between SHH and GLI1 expression characterises GLI1 as a potential functional downstream target of the hedgehog signalling pathway in human breast cancer as well. Furthermore, our study indicates that altered hedgehog signalling may represent a key disease pathway in the progression of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette ten Haaf
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nuran Bektas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja von Serenyi
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Inge Losen
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elfriede Christel Arweiler
- Institute of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Mahindroo N, Connelly MC, Punchihewa C, Kimura H, Smeltzer MP, Wu S, Fujii N. Structure-activity relationships and cancer-cell selective toxicity of novel inhibitors of glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (Gli1) mediated transcription. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4277-87. [PMID: 19545120 DOI: 10.1021/jm900106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report novel inhibitors of Gli1-mediated transcription as potential anticancer agents. Focused chemical libraries were designed and assessed for inhibition of functional cell-based Gli1-mediated transcription and selective toxicity toward cancer cells. The SAR was revealed, and the selectivity of the lead compounds' inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription over that of Gli2 was determined. Compound 63 (NMDA298-1), which inhibited Gli1-mediated transcription in C3H10T1/2 cells with an IC(50) of 6.9 muM, showed 3-fold selectivity for inhibiting transcription mediated by Gli1 over that by Gli2. Cell-viability assays were performed to evaluate the chemical library in a normal cell line and a panel of cancer cell lines with or without up-regulated expression of the Gli1 gene. These compounds decreased the viability of several cancer cell lines but were less active in the noncancerous BJ-hTERT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Mahindroo
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Mahindroo N, Punchihewa C, Fujii N. Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway inhibitors as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3829-45. [PMID: 19309080 DOI: 10.1021/jm801420y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Mahindroo
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
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Wilson CW, Chen MH, Chuang PT. Smoothened adopts multiple active and inactive conformations capable of trafficking to the primary cilium. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5182. [PMID: 19365551 PMCID: PMC2664476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling requires the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo), a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. In mammals, Smo translocates to the primary cilium upon binding of Hh ligands to their receptor, Patched (Ptch1), but it is unclear if ciliary trafficking of Smo is sufficient for pathway activation. Here, we demonstrate that cyclopamine and jervine, two structurally related inhibitors of Smo, force ciliary translocation of Smo. Treatment with SANT-1, an unrelated Smo antagonist, abrogates cyclopamine- and jervine-mediated Smo translocation. Further, activation of protein kinase A, either directly or through activation of Gαs, causes Smo to translocate to a proximal region of the primary cilium. We propose that Smo adopts multiple inactive and active conformations, which influence its localization and trafficking on the primary cilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Wilson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Miao-Hsueh Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nolan-Stevaux O, Lau J, Truitt ML, Chu GC, Hebrok M, Fernández-Zapico ME, Hanahan D. GLI1 is regulated through Smoothened-independent mechanisms in neoplastic pancreatic ducts and mediates PDAC cell survival and transformation. Genes Dev 2009; 23:24-36. [PMID: 19136624 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1753809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by the deregulation of the hedgehog signaling pathway. The Sonic Hedgehog ligand (Shh), absent in the normal pancreas, is highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and is sufficient to induce neoplastic precursor lesions in mouse models. We investigated the mechanism of Shh signaling in PDAC carcinogenesis by genetically ablating the canonical bottleneck of hedgehog signaling, the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo), in the pancreatic epithelium of PDAC-susceptible mice. We report that multistage development of PDAC tumors is not affected by the deletion of Smo in the pancreas, demonstrating that autocrine Shh-Ptch-Smo signaling is not required in pancreatic ductal cells for PDAC progression. However, the expression of Gli target genes is maintained in Smo-negative ducts, implicating alternative means of regulating Gli transcription in the neoplastic ductal epithelium. In PDAC tumor cells, we find that Gli transcription is decoupled from upstream Shh-Ptch-Smo signaling and is regulated by TGF-beta and KRAS, and we show that Gli1 is required both for survival and for the KRAS-mediated transformed phenotype of cultured PDAC cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Nolan-Stevaux
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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