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Lin JF, Chang KL, Hsieh BS, Hu YC, Huang ES, Yu HS. Development of validated sandwich ELISA for detecting peanut allergen Ara h 3 in food. Food Chem 2024; 445:138757. [PMID: 38367563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Peanut is an important food that can cause food allergies, often leading to moderate and severe allergic symptoms such as skin rashes, asthma, and even anaphylactic shock.Research indicates that Ara h 3 is one of the major peanut allergen. In order to establish a simple analytical method for detecting Ara h 3, we developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antibodies that were induced from purified Ara h 3. The experimental results showed that the purified Ara h 3 had good purity, and we successfully prepared capture and detection antibodies. The method established in this study exhibited high specificity and did not cross-react with soybeans, cashew nuts, and sesame. For validation, including precision, recovery and sensitivity were in good condition. We also detected the Ara h 3 in peanut related foods. Overall, the ELISA developed in this study is a reliable method for Ara h 3 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Fong Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bau-Shan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Edward S Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA.
| | - Hsu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
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2
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Hu J, Zhu LP, Wang RQ, Zhu L, Chen F, Hou Y, Ni K, Deng S, Liu S, Ying W, Sun JL, Li H, Jin T. Identification, Characterization, Cloning, and Cross-Reactivity of Zan b 2, a Novel Pepper Allergen of 11S Legumin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8189-8199. [PMID: 38551197 PMCID: PMC11010233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Protein from Sichuan peppers can elicit mild to severe allergic reactions. However, little is known about their allergenic proteins. We aimed to isolate, identify, clone, and characterize Sichuan pepper allergens and to determine its allergenicity and cross-reactivities. Sichuan pepper seed proteins were extracted and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was performed with sera from Sichuan pepper-allergic individuals. Proteins of interest were purified using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration and further analyzed by analytical ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). Their coding region was amplified in the genome. IgE reactivity and cross-reactivity of allergens were evaluated by dot blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and competitive ELISA. Western blot showed IgE binding to a 55 kDa protein. This protein was homologous to the citrus proteins and has high stability and a sheet structure. Four DNA sequences were cloned. Six patients' sera (60%) showed specific IgE reactivity to this purified 11S protein, which was proved to have cross-reactivation with extracts of cashew nuts, pistachios, and citrus seeds. A novel allergen in Sichuan pepper seeds, Zan b 2, which belongs to the 11S globulin family, was isolated and identified. Its cross-reactivity with cashew nuts, pistachios, and citrus seeds was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key
Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic
Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhu
- Allergy
Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese
Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Rui-qi Wang
- Allergy
Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese
Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key
Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic
Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key
Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic
Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yibo Hou
- Allergy
Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese
Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key
Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic
Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shasha Deng
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key
Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic
Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key
Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic
Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wantao Ying
- State
Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center,
National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute
of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jin-Lyu Sun
- Allergy
Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese
Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong Li
- Allergy
Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese
Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key
Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic
Medicine Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Ballegaard ASR, Sancho AI, Zhou C, Knudsen NPH, Rigby NM, Bang-Berthelsen CH, Gupta S, Mackie AR, Lübeck M, Pilegaard K, Bøgh KL. Allergenicity evaluation of quinoa proteins - A study in Brown Norway rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114118. [PMID: 37863384 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of quinoa seeds has increased in the last decade due to their high nutritional value and natural gluten-free composition. Consumption of new proteins may pose a risk of introducing new allergies. In the present study the immunogenicity and sensitising capacity of quinoa proteins were assessed in a dose-response experiment in Brown Norway rats in comparison to proteins from spinach and peanut. Cross-reactivity between quinoa proteins and known allergens was evaluated by in silico analyses followed by analyses with 11 selected protein extracts and their anti-sera by means of ELISAs and immunoblotting. Further, an in vitro simulated gastro-duodenal digestion was performed. Quinoa proteins were found to have an inherent medium to high immunogenicity and sensitising capacity, being able to induce specific IgG1 and IgE levels higher than spinach but lower than peanut and elicit reactions of clinical relevance similar to peanut. Quinoa proteins were generally shown to resist digestion and retain capacity to bind quinoa-specific antibodies. Quinoa proteins were shown to be cross-reactive with peanut and tree nut allergens as high sequence homology and antibody cross-binding were demonstrated. Present study suggests that quinoa pose a medium to high level of allergenicity that should be further investigated in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Ravn Ballegaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana Isabel Sancho
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cui Zhou
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Neil Marcus Rigby
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Claus Heiner Bang-Berthelsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Immunology, ALK, Bøge Allé 1, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Alan Robert Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mette Lübeck
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9100, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Pilegaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katrine Lindholm Bøgh
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Belmabrouk S, Abdelhedi R, Bougacha F, Bouzid F, Gargouri H, Ayadi I, Abdelmoula NB, Abdelmoula B, Abdellaoui N, BenMarzoug R, Triki N, Torjmen M, Kharrat M, Jmaiel M, Kharrat N, Rebai A. Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in Tunisia: General trends and probabilistic modeling. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100813. [PMID: 37811397 PMCID: PMC10558849 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food allergy (FA) has become a major public health concern affecting millions of children and adults worldwide. In Tunisia, published data on FA are scarce. Methods This study, was intended to fill the gap and estimate the frequency of allergy to different foods in the Sfax region, Tunisia, within self-reported FA. One hundred twenty-five (125) children (56% males, 1-17 years old), and 306 adults (17% males, 18-70 years old) were interviewed using a bilingual questionnaire. Results The number of self-reported food allergens in this sample was 105; allergens were clustered in 8 foods: fruits, seafood, eggs, milk and dairy, cereals, nuts, vegetables, and peanuts. Cutaneous reactions were the most frequent symptoms, in both children and adults. About 40% of children and 30% of adults had a family history of FA. About 81% of adults and 38% of children are allergic to at least 1 non-food allergen. The most prevalent food allergen was the fruit group in both adults and children, followed by seafood. Most food allergies were mutually exclusive and 90% of individuals have a single FA. The relationship between self-declared FA was modeled using a Bayesian network graphical model in order to estimate conditional probabilities of each FA when other FA is present. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported FA in Tunisia depends on dietary habits and food availability since the most frequent allergens are from foods that are highly consumed by the Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Belmabrouk
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fadia Bougacha
- National Institute of Statistics, 70, Ech-cham Road, P.O Box 265 CEDEX. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fériel Bouzid
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Héla Gargouri
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ayadi
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, La Soukra Road km 4 - BP 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Bouayed Abdelmoula
- Genomics of Signalopathies at The Service of Medicine, Medical University of Sfax, Majida Boulila Road, Tunisia
| | - Balkiss Abdelmoula
- Genomics of Signalopathies at The Service of Medicine, Medical University of Sfax, Majida Boulila Road, Tunisia
| | - Nawel Abdellaoui
- Genomics of Signalopathies at The Service of Medicine, Medical University of Sfax, Majida Boulila Road, Tunisia
| | - Riadh BenMarzoug
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nersrine Triki
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Torjmen
- ReDCAD, National Engineering School of Sfax, La Soukra Road km4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kharrat
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, La Soukra Road km 4 - BP 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jmaiel
- ReDCAD, National Engineering School of Sfax, La Soukra Road km4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Kharrat
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Fernández-González M, Ribeiro H, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ, Cruz A, Abreu I. Short-Term Exposure of Dactylis glomerata Pollen to Atmospheric Gaseous Pollutants Is Related to an Increase in IgE Binding in Patients with Grass Pollen Allergies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:76. [PMID: 36616204 PMCID: PMC9823458 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3) in urban and industrial site atmospheres are considered key factors associated with pollen-related respiratory allergies. This work studies the effects of NO2 and O3 on the protein expression profile and IgE binding in patients with grass allergies to Dactylis glomerata pollen extracts. Pollens were collected during the flowering season and were exposed to NO2 and O3 in a controlled environmental chamber. The amount of soluble protein was examined using the Bradford method, and the protein expression profile and antigenic properties were analysed using the immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our results showed apparent inter-sera differences concerning the number and intensity of IgE reactivity, with the most prominent at bands of 55 kDa, 35, 33, and 13 kDa. In the 13 kDa band, both gases tend to induce an increase in IgE binding, the band at 33 kDa showed a tendency towards a reduction, particularly pollen exposed to O3. Reactive bands at 55 and 35 kDa presented an increase in the IgE binding pattern for all the patient sera samples exposed to NO2, but the samples exposed to O3 showed an increase in some sera and in others a decrease. Regarding the ELISA results, out of the 21 tested samples, only 9 showed a statistically significant increase in total IgE reactivity after pollen exposure to the pollutants. Our study revealed that although airborne pollen allergens might be affected by air pollution, the possible impacts on allergy symptoms might vary depending on the type of pollutant and the patient's sensitisation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fco. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ana Cruz
- Clinical Pathology Service, Immunology Laboratory Vila Nova de Gaia Hospitalar Centre, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Ilda Abreu
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Skypala IJ, Hunter H, Krishna MT, Rey-Garcia H, Till SJ, du Toit G, Angier E, Baker S, Stoenchev KV, Luyt DK. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of pollen food syndrome in the UK. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1018-1034. [PMID: 35975576 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollen food syndrome (PFS) is a highly prevalent food allergy affecting pollen-sensitized children and adults. Sufferers experience allergic symptoms when consuming raw plant foods, due to the homology between the pollen allergens and unstable proteins in these foods. The triggers involved can vary depending on the pollen sensitization, which in turn is affected by geographical location. The British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) identified a need to develop a guideline for the diagnosis and management of PFS in the United Kingdom (UK). Guidelines produced by the BSACI use either the GRADE or SIGN methodology; due to a lack of high-quality evidence these recommendations were formulated using the SIGN guidelines, which is acknowledged to be less robust than the GRADE approach. The correct diagnosis of PFS ensures the avoidance of a misdiagnosis of a primary peanut or tree nut allergy or confusion with another plant food allergy to non-specific lipid transfer proteins. The characteristic foods involved, and rapid-onset oropharyngeal symptoms, mean PFS can often be diagnosed from the clinical history alone. However, reactions involving tree nuts, peanuts and soya milk or severe/atypical reactions to fruits and vegetables may require additional diagnostic tests. Management is through the exclusion of known trigger foods, which may appear to be simple, but is highly problematic if coupled with a pre-existing food allergy or for individuals following a vegetarian/vegan diet. Immunotherapy to pollens is not an effective treatment for PFS, and although oral or sublingual immunotherapy to foods seems more promising, large, controlled studies are needed. The typically mild symptoms of PFS can lead to an erroneous perception that this condition is always easily managed, but severe reactions can occur, and anxiety about the onset of symptoms to new foods can have a profound effect on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel J Skypala
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Inflammation, Repair & Development Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Hannah Hunter
- Department of Allergy, Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Kings College, London, UK
| | - Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,The Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helena Rey-Garcia
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Till
- Department of Allergy, Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - George du Toit
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department Women and Children's Health (Paediatric Allergy), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Angier
- Primary Care, Population Science and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Kostadin V Stoenchev
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Mori F, Fazi C, Pertile R, Liccioli G, Sarti L, Paladini E, Alicandro T, Giovannini M, Barni S, Valleriani C. Pine nut allergy in children: A diagnostic test accuracy study. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:901-903. [PMID: 35524547 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Fazi
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pertile
- Department of Clinical and Evaluative Epidemiology, Trento Health Service, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Liccioli
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Erika Paladini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Tatiana Alicandro
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dermatology Unit, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Valleriani
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
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8
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Tree Nuts and Peanuts as a Source of Beneficial Compounds and a Threat for Allergic Consumers: Overview on Methods for Their Detection in Complex Food Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050728. [PMID: 35267361 PMCID: PMC8909911 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of tree nuts and peanuts has considerably increased over the last decades due to their nutritional composition and the content of beneficial compounds. On the other hand, such widespread consumption worldwide has also generated a growing incidence of allergy in the sensitive population. Allergy to nuts and peanuts represents a global relevant problem, especially due to the risk of the ingestion of hidden allergens as a result of cross-contamination between production lines at industrial level occurring during food manufacturing. The present review provides insights on peanuts, almonds, and four nut allergens—namely hazelnuts, walnuts, cashew, and pistachios—that are likely to cross-contaminate different food commodities. The paper aims at covering both the biochemical aspect linked to the identified allergenic proteins for each allergen category and the different methodological approaches developed for allergens detection and identification. Attention has been also paid to mass spectrometry methods and to current efforts of the scientific community to identify a harmonized approach for allergens quantification through the detection of allergen markers.
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9
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Beer and Allergens. BEVERAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages7040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies are an important global health concern, with many countries following the World Health Organisation’s guidelines with regards to due labelling of foods and, as such, providing forewarning about the presence of potential allergens to potential consumers. While for some produce, the link to specific allergens might be very clear to most consumers, this is not the case for all produce. People with specific food-related allergies usually know what to look out for, but occasionally, unexpected allergens are present in trusted produce. Beer is known to most to contain barley, which will contain gluten-like proteins that can cause allergic reactions in some people. Similarly, beer might contain sulphites and other potential allergens traditionally associated with beers. This review aims to examine a wide range of allergens that have entered the beer production process in recent years. As a result, examples of beers that contain one or more of the 14 EU-UK listed allergens are described, different allergen regulations in different countries are emphasised and their impact explained, and a number of case studies involving allergic reactions following exposure to and the ingestion of beer are highlighted.
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10
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Dreskin SC, Koppelman SJ, Andorf S, Nadeau KC, Kalra A, Braun W, Negi SS, Chen X, Schein CH. The importance of the 2S albumins for allergenicity and cross-reactivity of peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1154-1163. [PMID: 33217410 PMCID: PMC8035160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds are among the most important food-related causes of anaphylaxis. Important clinical questions include: Why is there a variable occurrence of coallergy among these foods and Is this immunologically mediated? The clinical and immunologic data summarized here suggest an immunologic basis for these coallergies that is based on similarities among the 2S albumins. Data from component resolved diagnostics have highlighted the relationship between IgE binding to these allergens and the presence of IgE-mediated food allergy. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments provide strong evidence that the 2S albumins are the most important allergens in peanuts for inducing an allergic effector response. Although the 2S albumins are diverse, they have a common disulfide-linked core with similar physicochemical properties that make them prime candidates to explain much of the observed coallergy among peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds. The well-established frequency of cashew and pistachio nut coallergy (64%-100%) highlights how the structural similarities among their 2S albumins may account for observed clinical cross-reactivity. A complete understanding of the physicochemical properties of the 2S albumins in peanuts, tree nuts, and sesame seeds will enhance our ability to diagnose, treat, and ultimately prevent these allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo.
| | - Stef J Koppelman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Anjeli Kalra
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo
| | - Werner Braun
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Surendra S Negi
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Xueni Chen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo
| | - Catherine H Schein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex.
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11
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IgE-Binding Epitopes of Pis v 1, Pis v 2 and Pis v 3, the Pistachio (Pistacia vera) Seed Allergens. ALLERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies1010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential IgE-binding epitopes were identified on the molecular surface of the Pis v 1 (2S albumin), Pis v 2 (11S globulin/legumin) and Pis v 3 (7S globulin/vicilin)—major allergens from pistachio (Pistacia vera) seeds—using the Spot technique. They essentially consist of hydrophilic and electropositively charged residues well exposed on the surface of the allergens. Most of the epitopic regions identified on Pis v 1 and Pis v 3 do not coincide with the putative N-glycosylation sites and thus are not considered as glycotopes. Surface analysis of these epitopic regions indicates a high degree of conformational similarity with the previously identified epitopic regions of the corresponding allergens Ana o 1 (vicilin), Ana o 2 (legumin) and Ana o 3 (2S albumin) from the cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut. These results offer a molecular basis for the IgE-binding cross-reactivity often observed between pistachio and cashew nut. They support the recommendation for prescribing pistachio avoidance in cashew allergic patients. Other conformational similarities were identified with the corresponding allergens Ses i 1 (2S albumin), Ses i 3 (vicilin) and Ses i 6 (legumin) from sesame (Sesamum indicum), and Jug r 1 (2S albumin), Jug r 2 (vicilin) and Jug r 4 (legumin) from walnut (Juglans regia). Conversely, conformation of most of the epitopic regions of the pistachio allergens often differs from that of epitopes occurring on the molecular surface of the corresponding Ara h 1 (vicilin), Ara h 2 (2S albumin) and Ara h 3 (legumin) allergens from peanut (Arachis hypogaea).
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12
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Cox AL, Eigenmann PA, Sicherer SH. Clinical Relevance of Cross-Reactivity in Food Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:82-99. [PMID: 33429724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of food allergy is complicated by an abundance of homologous, cross-reactive proteins in edible foods and aeroallergens. This results in patients having allergic sensitization (positive tests) to many biologically related foods. However, many are sensitized to foods without exhibiting clinical reactivity. Although molecular diagnostics have improved our ability to identify clinically relevant cross-reactivity, the optimal approach to patients requires an understanding of the epidemiology of clinically relevant cross-reactivity, as well as the food-specific (degree of homology, protein stability, abundance) and patient-specific factors (immune response, augmentation factors) that determine clinical relevance. Examples of food families with high rates of cross-reactivity include mammalian milks, eggs, fish, and shellfish. Low rates are noted for grains (wheat, barley, rye), and rates of cross-reactivity are variable for most other foods. This review discusses clinically relevant cross-reactivity related to the aforementioned food groups as well as seeds, legumes (including peanut, soy, chickpea, lentil, and others), tree nuts, meats, fruits and vegetables (including the lipid transfer protein syndrome), and latex. The complicating factor of addressing co-allergy, for example, the risks of allergy to both peanut and tree nuts among atopic patients, is also discussed. Considerations for an approach to individual patient care are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Cox
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Philippe A Eigenmann
- The Department of Pediatrics Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of the University of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Scott H Sicherer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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13
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Bastiaan-Net S, Batstra MR, Aazamy N, Savelkoul HFJ, van der Valk JPM, Gerth van Wijk R, Schreurs MWJ, Wichers HJ, de Jong NW. IgE cross-reactivity measurement of cashew nut, hazelnut and peanut using a novel IMMULITE inhibition method. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:1875-1883. [PMID: 32083439 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Tree nut-allergic individuals are often sensitised towards multiple nuts and seeds. The underlying cause behind a multi-sensitisation for cashew nut, hazelnut, peanut and birch pollen is not always clear. We investigated whether immunoglobulin E antibody (IgE) cross-reactivity between cashew nut, hazelnut and peanut proteins exists in children who are multi-allergic to these foods using a novel IMMULITE®-based inhibition methodology, and investigated which allergens might be responsible. In addition, we explored if an allergy to birch pollen might play a role in this co-sensitisation for cashew nut, hazelnut and peanut. Methods Serum of five children with a confirmed cashew nut allergy and suffering from allergic symptoms after eating peanut and hazelnut were subjected to inhibition immunoassays using the IMMULITE® 2000 XPi. Serum-specific IgE (sIgE) to seed storage allergens and pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR10) allergens were determined and used for molecular multicomponent allergen correlation analyses with observed clinical symptoms and obtained inhibition data. Results IgE cross-reactivity was observed in all patients. Hazelnut extract was a strong inhibitor of cashew nut sIgE (46.8%), while cashew nut extract was less able to inhibit hazelnut extract (22.8%). Peanut extract showed the least inhibition potency. Moreover, there are strong indications that a birch pollen sensitisation to Bet v 1 might play a role in the observed symptoms provoked upon ingestion of cashew nut and hazelnut. Conclusions By applying an adjusted working protocol, the IMMULITE® technology can be used to perform inhibition assays to determine the risk of sIgE cross-reactivity between very different food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manou R Batstra
- Medische Immunologie, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nasrin Aazamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna P M van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Gerth van Wijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette W de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Lamberti C, Nebbia S, Antoniazzi S, Cirrincione S, Marengo E, Manfredi M, Smorgon D, Monti G, Faccio A, Giuffrida MG, Balestrini R, Cavallarin L. Effect of hot air and infrared roasting on hazelnut allergenicity. Food Chem 2020; 342:128174. [PMID: 33077287 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Roasting is known to affect the protein profile and allergenicity of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana cv TGL). The aim of the study was to investigate whether roasting techniques based on different heat transfer methods (hot air and infrared), differently affect the protein solubility and the IgE-binding capacities of both the soluble and insoluble hazelnut protein fractions. The immune-reactivity of the Cor a 9, Cor a 11 and Cor a 14 allergens resulted to be stable after roasting at 140 °C, for both types of treatment, while roasting at 170 °C caused a reduction in IgE-binding, which was particularly noticeable after infrared processing, that led to an almost complete disappearance of allergenicity. Microscopical analyses showed that roasting caused cytoplasmic network disruption, with a loss of lipid compartmentalization, as well as an alteration of the structure of the protein bodies and of the cell wall organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lamberti
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Stefano Nebbia
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Sara Antoniazzi
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Simona Cirrincione
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease - CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease - CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Denis Smorgon
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Monti
- SC Pediatria, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Scienza e della Salute, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Antonella Faccio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - National Research Council, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Giuffrida
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - National Research Council, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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15
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Pitre M, L’Hocine L, Achouri A, Blaquière M, Des Roches A. Immunoglobulin E-Binding Pattern of Canadian Peanut Allergic Children and Cross-Reactivity with Almond, Hazelnut and Pistachio. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1091. [PMID: 32707944 PMCID: PMC7464554 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut allergic individuals can be both co-sensitized and co-allergic to peanut and tree nuts. At the moment, standard diagnostic approaches do not always allow differentiation between clinically relevant sensitization and nonsignificant cross-reactions, and the responsibility of each allergen remains unclear. The objective of this study was therefore to determine a peanut sensitization profile in a cohort of Canadian peanut allergic children and assess the immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecular cross-reactivity between peanut, almond, hazelnut and pistachio. The specific IgE (sIgE) levels of each patient serum were determined by ImmunoCAP, indirect ELISA and immunoblot to examine their sIgE-binding levels and profiles to peanut proteins. Reciprocal inhibition ELISA and immunoblotting were used to study sIgE cross-reactions between peanut and the selected tree nuts using an adjusted and representative serum pool of the nine allergic patients. The results showed that the prepared peanut and tree nut protein extracts allowed for the detection of the majority of peanut and selected tree nut known allergens. The reciprocal inhibition ELISA experiments showed limited sIgE cross-reactivities between peanut and the studied tree nuts, with peanut being most likely the sensitizing allergen and tree nuts the cross-reactive ones. In the case of hazelnut and pistachio, a coexisting primary sensitization to hazelnut and pistachio was also demonstrated in the serum pool. Reciprocal inhibition immunoblotting further revealed that storage proteins (2S albumin, 7S vicilin and 11S legumin) could possibly account for the observed IgE-cross-reactions between peanut and the studied tree nuts in this cohort of allergic individuals. It also demonstrated the importance of conformational epitopes in the exhibited cross-reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Pitre
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Lamia L’Hocine
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Martin Blaquière
- Sherbrooke University Hospital Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Sherbrooke, Department of Pediatrics, 580 Bowen south, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E3, Canada;
| | - Anne Des Roches
- Immunoallergy and Rheumatology Service Department of Pediatrics Medical School CHU Sainte-Justine Institution, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
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16
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Nesbit JB, Schein CH, Braun BA, Gipson SAY, Cheng H, Hurlburt BK, Maleki SJ. Epitopes with similar physicochemical properties contribute to cross reactivity between peanut and tree nuts. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:223-231. [PMID: 32442779 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many individuals with peanut (PN) allergy have severe reactions to tree nuts (TN) such as walnuts or cashews. Although allergenic proteins in TN and PN have overall low identity, they share discrete sequences similar in physicochemical properties (PCP) to known IgE epitopes. Here, PCP-consensus peptides (cp, 13 aa and 31 aa) were identified from an alignment of epitope rich regions of walnut vicilin, Jug r 2, leader sequence (J2LS) and cross-reactive epitopes in the 2S albumins of peanut and synthesized. A peptide similarity search in the Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins (SDAP) revealed a network of peptides similar (low property distance, PD) to the 13 aa cp (13cp) in many different plant allergens. Peptides similar to the 13cp in PN and TN allergens bound IgE from sera of patients allergic to PN and TN in peptide microarray analysis. The 13cp was used to produce a rabbit consensus peptide antibody (cpAB) that detected proteins containing repeats similar to the 13cp in western blots of various nut extracts, in which reactive proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The cpAB bound more specifically to allergens and nut extracts containing multiple repeats similar to the 13 cp, such as almond (Pru du 6), peanut (Ara h 2) and walnut (Jug r 2). IgE binding to various nut extracts is inhibited by recombinant J2LS sequence and synthetic 31cp. Thus, several repeated sequences similar to the 13cp are bound by IgE. Multiple similar repeats in several allergens could account for reaction severity and clinically relevant cross-reactivity to PN and TN. These findings may help improve detection, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline B Nesbit
- Dept of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Southern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS-SRRC), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Catherine H Schein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), TX, United States.
| | - Benjamin A Braun
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, United States
| | - Stephen A Y Gipson
- Dept of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Southern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS-SRRC), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hsiaopo Cheng
- Dept of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Southern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS-SRRC), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Barry K Hurlburt
- Dept of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Southern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS-SRRC), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Soheila J Maleki
- Dept of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Southern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS-SRRC), New Orleans, LA, United States.
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17
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Lee MP, Saffari SE, Loh W, Goh SH, Goh A, Chiang WC, Chong KW. A 5-year retrospective review of children with peanut allergy in the largest paediatric hospital in Singapore. Asia Pac Allergy 2020; 10:e6. [PMID: 32099828 PMCID: PMC7016321 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of peanut allergy (PA) among children has increased significantly over the past decade. Even though the prevalence of PA in Singapore is considered low, peanut is the top trigger for food-induced anaphylaxis in Singaporean children. Objective To describe the demographic characteristics and clinical features of children with PA. Methods This is a 5-year retrospective review of children diagnosed with PA based on clinical history coupled with a positive skin prick test to peanut or positive oral food challenge results. Results There were 269 patients (53.9% males) with a clinical diagnosis of PA. The median age at first allergic presentation for the PA group was 24 months old, with interquartile range of 13-39 months. The most common form of peanut introduced was roasted peanut. The rate of peanut anaphylaxis was 7.1%. Concomitant tree nut sensitization was found in 32.3% of this cohort, predominantly to cashew nut. Majority of them have a personal history of atopy - 75.8% with eczema, 63.6% with allergic rhinitis, and 19.7% with asthma. Conclusion This is the first large review of peanut-allergic children in Singapore. Prospective population-based studies are needed to establish the true prevalence and risk factors associated with the development of this potentially life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ping Lee
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Seyed Ehsan Saffari
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wenyin Loh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Si Hui Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anne Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wen Chin Chiang
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kok Wee Chong
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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18
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Albunni BA, Wessels H, Paschke-Kratzin A, Fischer M. Antibody Cross-Reactivity between Proteins of Chia Seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) and Other Food Allergens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7475-7484. [PMID: 31117490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chia seeds are becoming increasingly common in Europe because of their functional and nutritional properties. Despite this, few studies have focused on the allergic potential and antibody cross-reactivity among storage proteins in chia seed and other plants. The aim of this study was to identify chia seed's immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding proteins ( Salvia hispanica L.) and to investigate the antibody cross-reactivity among its storage proteins and those of other seeds. Extracted chia seed proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immunodetection was performed with commercial antibodies against sesame seed, hazelnut, and peanut and sera from 33 patients with a hazelnut allergy and five with a sesame allergy. Cross-reactivity of certain antibodies with storage proteins of chia seed, sesame seed, and hazelnut was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition, blot inhibition, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. IgG binding proteins were identified at molecular weight (MW) 70, 49, 34, 23, and 20 kDa by applying commercial antibodies. Furthermore, the interaction of chia proteins with sera from sesame-allergic patients led to identify IgE binding proteins at MW 49, 45, 31, 20, and 12 kDa, while IgEs in sera from hazelnut-allergic patients reacted with proteins at MW 300, 140, 49, 45, 31, 20, and 6 kDa. The results of ELISA inhibition and blot inhibition indicated chia seed proteins are similar to sesame seed and hazelnut proteins in the primary structure. The antisesame antibodies' binding to sesame proteins was more strongly inhibited by the chia globulin fraction (GLO) than the antihazelnut antibodies' binding to hazelnut proteins. SPR results confirmed the presence of IgG binding proteins in GLO and the high similarity of epitopes on globulins of chia seed and sesame seed. Thus, chia seed consumption might lead to cross-sensitization in patients with a sesame allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Abdulrahman Albunni
- Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Hauke Wessels
- Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Angelika Paschke-Kratzin
- Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science; Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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19
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Vencia W, Minale P, Migone L, Lazzara F, Vito G, Ferrari A, Razzuoli E. Effects of thermal treatment on walnut detection and allergenicity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2636-2640. [PMID: 30324619 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanuts and tree nut allergies pose an increasing food safety problem. The aim of our study was to test the accuracy of different commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in the detection of the presence of walnuts in untreated and heat exposed food samples. The effects of thermal treatment of samples were evaluated by exposing walnuts to different heat treatments. All samples were first analysed by two different commercial ELISA assays. Then, we performed a skin prick test (SPT) on nine patients with proven nut allergy using small walnut pieces from raw and treated samples. RESULTS The presence of nuts proteins in thermally processed foods was not accurately detected by ELISA kits. All patients had a positive SPT reaction with raw walnut, while thermal treatments affected walnut allergenicity. The ELISA test gives a negative result in the case of strong thermal treatment, but at the same time allergic subjects react positively to stimulation with the same sample. CONCLUSION This study suggests that commercial ELISA kits may not be able to accurately determine the amount of proteins present in thermally processed foods due to changes in the solubility and immunoreactivity of the target proteins. Finally, the clinical results highlight that thermal treatment might induce a reduction in walnut allergenicity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Vencia
- S.S Genova, Food Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Minale
- U.O. Allergologia, A. O. San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Migone
- S.S Genova, Food Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lazzara
- S.S Genova, Food Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Vito
- S.S Genova, Food Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- S.S Genova, Food Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- S.S Genova, Food Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
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20
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Esmaeili Nadimi A, Ahmadi Z, Falahati-Pour SK, Mohamadi M, Nazari A, Hassanshahi G, Ekramzadeh M. Physicochemical properties and health benefits of pistachio nuts. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:564-574. [PMID: 30747609 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus of Pistacia plant systematically fits into the family of Anacardiaceae. Pistachios contain protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibers, fat, folic acid, vitamin K, magnesium and potassium, gama-tocopherols, phytochemicals, and polyphenols. Collectively, these constituents have been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions to improve overall health when consumed as a healthy diet. We searched the following keywords within the literature databases: pistachio, heart disorders, lipids, weight, antioxidants, and allergy. Further searching theses keywords, we have found 50 articles in PubMed, 40 articles in ISI web of knowledge and 30 articles in Google Scholar. We have selected 100 articles, among them 80 articles were used as the references of this review. In the current article, we have discussed the most recent data published regarding the regulatory effects of pistachios on several clinical states such as heart related disorders, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, vascular stiffness and endothelial and gut functions, weight management, glucose metabolism, kidney function and finally allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Dep. of Cardiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Mohamadi
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nazari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Dept. of Surgery, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Dept. of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ekramzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritoin and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Linacero R, Sanchiz A, Ballesteros I, Cuadrado C. Application of real-time PCR for tree nut allergen detection in processed foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1077-1093. [PMID: 30638046 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1557103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Currently, food allergies are an important health concern worldwide. The presence of undeclared allergenic ingredients or the presence of traces of allergens due to accidental contamination during food processing poses a great health risk to sensitized individuals. Therefore, reliable analytical methods are required to detect and identify allergenic ingredients in food products. Real-time PCR allowed a specific and accurate amplification of allergen sequences. Some processing methods could induce the fragmentation and/or degradation of genomic DNA and some studies have been performed to analyze the effect of processing on the detection of different targets, as thermal treatment, with and without applying pressure. In this review, we give an updated overview of the applications of real-time PCR for the detection of allergens of tree nut in processed food products. The different variables that contribute to the performance of PCR methodology for allergen detection are also review and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Linacero
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Africa Sanchiz
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ballesteros
- Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Cuadrado
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Che H, Zhang Y, Lyu SC, Nadeau KC, McHugh T. Identification of Almond ( Prunus dulcis) Vicilin As a Food Allergen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:425-432. [PMID: 30512943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Almond is one of the tree nuts listed by U.S. FDA as a food allergen source. A food allergen identified with patient sera has been debated to be the 2S albumin or the 7S vicilin. However, neither of these proteins has been defined as a food allergen. The purpose of this study was to clone, express, and purify almond vicilin and test whether it is a food allergen. Western blot experiment was performed with 18 individual sera from patients with double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical almond allergy. The results showed that 44% of the sera contained IgE antibodies that recognized the recombinant almond vicilin, indicating that it is an almond allergen. Identifying this and additional almond allergens will facilitate the understanding of the allergenicity of seed proteins in tree nuts and their cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District , Beijing 100038 , P. R. China
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Tara McHugh
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
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Mandalari G, Mackie AR. Almond Allergy: An Overview on Prevalence, Thresholds, Regulations and Allergen Detection. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1706. [PMID: 30412996 PMCID: PMC6266711 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy has been on the increase for many years. The prevalence of allergy to different foods varies widely depending on type of food, frequency of consumption and geographic location. Data from the literature suggests that the prevalence of tree nut allergy is of the order of 1% in the general population. Almond is one such tree nut that is frequently eaten in many parts of the world and represents a potential allergenic hazard. Given the need to label products that contain allergens, a number of different methods of direct and indirect detection have been developed. However, in the absence of population-based threshold data, and given that almond allergy is rare, the sensitivity of the required detection is unknown and thus aims as low as possible. Typically, this is less than 1 ppm, which matches the thresholds that have been shown for other allergens. This review highlights the lack of quantitative data on prevalence and thresholds for almonds, which is limiting progress in consumer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS, Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Alan R Mackie
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Smeekens JM, Bagley K, Kulis M. Tree nut allergies: Allergen homology, cross-reactivity, and implications for therapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:762-772. [PMID: 29700869 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tree nut allergy is a potentially life-threatening disease that is increasing in prevalence, now affecting 1% of the general population in the United States. While other food allergies often resolve spontaneously, tree nut allergies are outgrown in less than 10% of cases. Due to the likelihood of cross-sensitization to multiple tree nut allergens, the current treatment guideline is strict avoidance of all nuts once one tree nut allergy has been diagnosed. For example, walnut and pecan are highly cross-reactive, along with cashew and pistachio, but the extent of clinical, IgE-mediated cross-reactivity among other tree nuts remains unclear, therefore making avoidance of all tree nuts a safe approach. There have been recent advances in immunotherapy for food allergies. For instance, there are investigational immunotherapies for milk, egg and peanut allergies, specifically oral immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy. However, there are no large randomized controlled clinical trials for tree nut allergies. Even though there has been less research into tree nut allergy immunotherapies, the evidence of T-cell cross-reactivity among tree nuts exists in animal models and in T cells from allergic patients indicates that immunotherapeutic interventions may be possible. Here, we review the literature regarding epidemiology, allergen homology and cross-reactivity among tree nuts, and explore how current findings can be employed for effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Bagley
- Profectus Biosciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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25
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Lee E, Jeong K, Lee J, Lee S. Pine nut allergy in Korean children: Clinical characteristics and diagnostic values of specific IgE against pine nuts. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2018; 46:247-252. [PMID: 29395441 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersensitivity reactions to pine nuts in children have been occasionally encountered recently, although reports on pine nut allergy cases are rare worldwide. The study aimed to feature clinical and laboratory findings pertaining to pine nut allergy in Korean children. METHODS Forty-two subjects were enrolled through a retrospective review of medical records, from September 2010 to December 2015, at the Department of Pediatrics in Ajou University Hospital. The demographic profiles, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-four patients showed immediate-type reactions after exposure to pine nuts (the allergic group), while the remaining 18 were atopic controls, who exhibited no allergic symptoms (the tolerant group). The median age of the subjects in the allergic group was three years. More than half of the subjects in this group experienced allergic symptoms within 5min, and seven of them experienced anaphylaxis. The median level of pine nut-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in the allergic group (1.62kUA/L) was significantly higher (p=0.014) than that in the tolerant group (0.11kUA/L), with an optimal cut-off level of 0.40kUA/L (sensitivity, 66.7% and specificity, 77.8%). The positive decision point of pine nut-sIgE (specificity, 100%) to distinguish the allergic and tolerant groups was 2.84kUA/L. However, there was no difference in pine nut-sIgE levels between the anaphylaxis and non-anaphylaxis cases. CONCLUSION About 30% of children with pine nut allergy experienced anaphylaxis. The optimal cut-off level of pine nut-sIgE to distinguish the allergic and tolerant groups was 0.40kUA/L and the positive decision point was 2.84kUA/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Tree nut (TN) allergy is common and often severe. It has become an important health concern as availability and consumption have increased. Prevalence varies by age and geographic region and appears to have increased in children. Accidental ingestion of TNs is common. Unfortunately, there is a lower likelihood of resolution of TN allergy, roughly 10%. TN-specific skin tests and serum immunoglobulin E levels can help aid in the diagnosis of TN allergy, but a careful medical history is important because a positive test in isolation is not typically diagnostic. Component-resolved diagnostic tests are being increasingly utilized and may improve accuracy. Management consists of strict avoidance of the causal nut(s) and prompt treatment of symptoms upon accidental exposure. A specific consideration with regard to the management of TN allergy is the decision to avoid all TNs or only the TNs to which a patient is clinically allergic. There are currently no data on the primary or secondary prevention of TN allergy. Treatment strategies are being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Weinberger
- The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Sicherer
- The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Lang-Yona N, Kunert AT, Vogel L, Kampf CJ, Bellinghausen I, Saloga J, Schink A, Ziegler K, Lucas K, Schuppan D, Pöschl U, Weber B, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J. Fresh water, marine and terrestrial cyanobacteria display distinct allergen characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:767-774. [PMID: 28866404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, global cyanobacteria biomass increased due to climate change as well as industrial usage for production of biofuels and food supplements. Thus, there is a need for thorough characterization of their potential health risks, including allergenicity. We therefore aimed to identify and characterize similarities in allergenic potential of cyanobacteria originating from the major ecological environments. Different cyanobacterial taxa were tested for immunoreactivity with IgE from allergic donors and non-allergic controls using immunoblot and ELISA. Moreover, mediator release from human FcεR1-transfected rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells was measured, allowing in situ examination of the allergenic reaction. Phycocyanin content and IgE-binding potential were determined and inhibition assays performed to evaluate similarities in IgE-binding epitopes. Mass spectrometry analysis identified IgE-reactive bands ranging between 10 and 160kDa as phycobiliprotein compounds. Levels of cyanobacterial antigen-specific IgE in plasma of allergic donors and mediator release from sensitized RBL cells were significantly higher compared to non-allergic controls (p<0.01). Inhibition studies indicated cross-reactivity between IgE-binding proteins from fresh water cyanobacteria and phycocyanin standard. We further addressed IgE-binding characteristics of marine water and soil-originated cyanobacteria. Altogether, our data suggest that the intensive use and the strong increase in cyanobacterial abundance due to climate change call for increasing awareness and further monitoring of their potential health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Lang-Yona
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anna Theresa Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lothar Vogel
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Allergology, Langen, Germany
| | - Christopher Johannes Kampf
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Schink
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
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Vajravijayan S, Nandhagopal N, Gunasekaran K. Crystal structure determination and analysis of 11S coconut allergen: Cocosin. Mol Immunol 2017; 92:132-135. [PMID: 29096167 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergy is an abnormal immune response against an innocuous target. Food allergy is an adverse reaction caused by common foods most well-known being those involving peanuts. Apart from mono sensitized food allergy, cross-reactivity with other food allergens is also commonly observed. To understand the phenomenon of cross-reactivity related to immune response, three dimensional structures of the allergens and their antigenic epitopes has to be analysed in detail. The X-ray crystal structure of Cocosin, a common 11S food allergen from coconut, has been determined at 2.2Å resolution using molecular replacement technique. The monomer of 52kDa is composed of two β-jelly roll domains, one with acidic and the other with basic character. The structure shows hexameric association with two trimers facing each other. Though the overall structure of Cocosin is similar to other 11S allergens, the occurrence of experimentally determined epitopes of the peanut allergen Ara h 3 at flexible as well as variable regions could be the reason for the clinically reported result of cross-reactivity that the peanut allergic patients are not sensitized with coconut allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vajravijayan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - N Nandhagopal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - K Gunasekaran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Abstract
Daily food processing has the potential to alter the allergenicity of foods due to modification of the physico-chemical properties of proteins. The degree of such modifications depends on factors such as processing conditions, type of food considered, allergenic content, etc. The impact of daily food processing like boiling, roasting, frying or baking on food allergenicity have been extensively studied. The influence of other thermal treatments such as microwave heating or pressure cooking on allergenicity has also been analyzed. Non-thermal treatment such as peeling impacts on the allergenic content of certain foods such as fruits. In this review, we give an updated overview of the effects of daily processing treatments on the allergenicity of a wide variety of foods. The different variables that contribute to the modification of food allergenicity due to processing are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cabanillas
- a Department of Dermatology and Allergy , University of Bonn Medical Center , Sigmund-Freud-Str., 25, Bonn , Germany
| | - Natalija Novak
- a Department of Dermatology and Allergy , University of Bonn Medical Center , Sigmund-Freud-Str., 25, Bonn , Germany
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30
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Elimination diet and the development of multiple tree-nut allergies. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:671-677. [PMID: 28549059 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDespite its high prevalence, relatively little is known about the characteristics of patients with multiple tree-nut allergies.MethodsPatients (n=60, aged 4-15 years), recruited for a multiple food (tree nuts, peanut, milk, egg, soy, sesame, and wheat) oral immunotherapy (OIT) study, filled a questionnaire on their initial allergy evaluation. Medical records were reviewed. At OIT enrollment (median interval, 7.5 years), patients underwent oral food challenges (OFCs) to foods still eliminated.ResultsThere was significantly less evidence for eliminating tree nuts compared with other foods, as reflected by a lower rate of acute reaction to the offending food, either as the trigger for initial allergy evaluation (5.9% for tree-nuts vs. 20-40% for other foods, respectively P<0.001) or later in life (14.5% vs. 38-75%, respectively P=0.001), and a higher rate of negative skin prick test (SPT)/specific IgE (sIgE) at initial diagnosis (25% vs. <10%, P<0.001). SPT/sIgE increased significantly from past initial levels to present for tree nuts (P<0.001) and peanut (P=0.001) but not for other foods, and most OFCs performed at present were positive.ConclusionsTree nuts are often eliminated from the diet of multiple-food-allergic patients, despite their low probability for allergy. Sensitization and allergy to most tree nuts exist years later, suggesting that it developed during the period of elimination.
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Cho CY, Oles C, Nowatzke W, Oliver K, Garber EAE. Cross-reactivity profiles of legumes and tree nuts using the xMAP ® multiplex food allergen detection assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5999-6014. [PMID: 28801713 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The homology between proteins in legumes and tree nuts makes it common for individuals with food allergies to be allergic to multiple legumes and tree nuts. This propensity for allergenic and antigenic cross-reactivity means that commonly employed commercial immunodiagnostic assays (e.g., dipsticks) for the detection of food allergens may not always accurately detect, identify, and quantitate legumes and tree nuts unless additional orthogonal analytical methods or secondary measures of analysis are employed. The xMAP® Multiplex Food Allergen Detection Assay (FADA) was used to determine the cross-reactivity patterns and the utility of multi-antibody antigenic profiling to distinguish between legumes and tree nuts. Pure legumes and tree nuts extracted using buffered detergent displayed a high level of cross-reactivity that decreased upon dilution or by using a buffer (UD buffer) designed to increase the stringency of binding conditions and reduce the occurrence of false positives due to plant-derived lectins. Testing for unexpected food allergens or the screening for multiple food allergens often involves not knowing the identity of the allergen present, its concentration, or the degree of modification during processing. As such, the analytical response measured may represent multiple antigens of varying antigenicity (cross-reactivity). This problem of multiple potential analytes is usually unresolved and the focus becomes the primary analyte, the antigen the antibody was raised against, or quantitative interpretation of the content of the analytical sample problematic. The alternative solution offered here to this problem is the use of an antigenic profile as generated by the xMAP FADA using multiple antibodies (bead sets). By comparing the antigenic profile to standards, the allergen may be identified along with an estimate of the concentration present. Cluster analysis of the xMAP FADA data was also performed and agreed with the known phylogeny of the legumes and tree nuts being analyzed. Graphical abstract The use of cluster analysis to compare the multi-antigen profiles of food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Y Cho
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Carolyn Oles
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - William Nowatzke
- Radix® BioSolutions, 111 Cooperative Way #120, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA
| | - Kerry Oliver
- Radix® BioSolutions, 111 Cooperative Way #120, Georgetown, TX, 78626, USA
| | - Eric A E Garber
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The presence of IgE cross-reactivity between peanut allergens and allergens from other legumes and tree nuts has been demonstrated, but the identification of the involved individual allergens is still limited. The aim of this review is to describe new allergenic findings, of potential relevance for cross-reactivity among peanut and lupin. RECENT FINDINGS Seventeen allergens of peanut have been included in the official allergen nomenclature database to date. Lupin sensitization has been observed in 15-20% of individuals with known peanut allergy, The majority of lupin seed proteins are comprised of α-conglutins (legumin-like) and β-conglutins (vicilin-like), and to a lesser extent γ-conglutins (vicilin-like) and δ-conglutins (2S albumins). Several molecules may fuel peanut-lupin cross-reactivity. Awareness among physicians and general public could avoid unexpected allergic reactions. However, these do not appear frequent and no data suggest a precautionary labelling of lupin in foods.
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Schmidt-Hieltjes Y, Teodorowicz M, Jansen A, den Hartog G, Elfvering-Berendsen L, de Jong NW, Savelkoul HFJ, Ruinemans-Koerts J. An alternative inhibition method for determining cross-reactive allergens. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:248-253. [PMID: 27474838 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition assays are an useful tool to identify the allergen of primary sensitization of cross-reactive allergens. Classical ELISA-based inhibition assays are limited by both the availability of commercial standardized allergen extracts and the experience and knowledge needed for making home-made extracts. Moreover the direct comparison of the inhibition ELISAs outcomes between different laboratories is difficult because of different sources of used allergen extracts and a number of methodological variations. Therefore, we propose a novel ImmunoCap (Phadia, Thermofisher Scientific) based immunoinhibition method with the use of commercially available Caps as the allergen source. METHODS The novel ImmunoCap based immunoinhibition method was developed and tested with sera from patients with a well-known cross-reactive sensitization for fig (Ficus carica) and ficus (Ficus benjamina). Results were compared with a classically applied inhibition method, i.e. addition of homemade allergen extract to patient serum. RESULTS The amount of allergens (fig and ficus extracts) needed to reach a similar degree of inhibition was comparable for both inhibition methods. CONCLUSIONS The ImmunoCap based inhibition assay, in addition to classical inhibition methods, is a valuable tool as the ImmunoCap analyzer and commercial allergens (Caps) are more widely available which makes the outcomes of inhibition tests comparable between different laboratories. Furthermore, in the ImmunoCap inhibition method the same protein source is used for both the inhibition of sIgE and sIgE measurement, which might be even more relevant when multiple cross-reactive allergens are tested.
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35
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Astuti RM, Palupi NS, Zakaria FR. Allergic reactivity of bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea) proteins. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1129601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Yang L, Clements S, Joks R. A retrospective study of peanut and tree nut allergy: Sensitization and correlations with clinical manifestations. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2015; 6:39-43. [PMID: 25860169 PMCID: PMC4388875 DOI: 10.2500/ar.2015.6.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Peanut (PN) and tree nut (TN) allergies are among the leading causes of fatal food-induced anaphylaxis and are increasing in prevalence, especially in children. Their cosensitization and concurrent clinical allergy have been understudied. This retrospective study investigated the correlation between PN and TN allergy, both in terms of in vitro sensitization (IVS) and clinical allergic manifestations. We conducted a retrospective medical record review at the Allergy Clinic at University Hospital of Brooklyn. Fourteen hundred six charts were reviewed, of which 76 (5.4%) had documented relevant clinical allergy: PN allergy but not TN allergy (n = 29) or TN allergy but not PN allergy (n = 11) or both (n = 30). Six patients with PN allergy but no TN exposure history were not included in the analysis. The majority of patients (67/76, 88.1%) had a concurrent history of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, or AD. Sensitivity of TN IVS predicting PN IVS was 38/39 (97%). Similarly, sensitivity of PN IVS predicting TN IVS was 38/42 (91%). Sensitivity of TN clinical allergy predicting PN allergy was 30/59 (51%). Sensitivity of PN clinical allergy predicting TN allergy was 30/41 (73%). The total number of organ systems involved in reported clinical reactions correlated with IVS to TN (p = 0.004) but not IVS to PN (p = 0.983). In summary, we found PN sensitization predicts TN sensitization in vitro, with lower predictability for clinical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Center for Allergy and Immunology, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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37
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Liu M, Burks AW, Green TD. Tree nut allergy: risk factors for development, mitigation of reaction risk and current efforts in desensitization. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:673-9. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1032258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Food processing and allergenicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:223-240. [PMID: 25778347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food processing can have many beneficial effects. However, processing may also alter the allergenic properties of food proteins. A wide variety of processing methods is available and their use depends largely on the food to be processed. In this review the impact of processing (heat and non-heat treatment) on the allergenic potential of proteins, and on the antigenic (IgG-binding) and allergenic (IgE-binding) properties of proteins has been considered. A variety of allergenic foods (peanuts, tree nuts, cows' milk, hens' eggs, soy, wheat and mustard) have been reviewed. The overall conclusion drawn is that processing does not completely abolish the allergenic potential of allergens. Currently, only fermentation and hydrolysis may have potential to reduce allergenicity to such an extent that symptoms will not be elicited, while other methods might be promising but need more data. Literature on the effect of processing on allergenic potential and the ability to induce sensitisation is scarce. This is an important issue since processing may impact on the ability of proteins to cause the acquisition of allergic sensitisation, and the subject should be a focus of future research. Also, there remains a need to develop robust and integrated methods for the risk assessment of food allergenicity.
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Masthoff LJ, van Hoffen E, Mattsson L, Lidholm J, Andersson K, Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Versteeg SA, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Knulst AC, Pasmans SG, van Ree R. Peanut allergy is common among hazelnut-sensitized subjects but is not primarily the result of IgE cross-reactivity. Allergy 2015; 70:265-74. [PMID: 25476979 DOI: 10.1111/all.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazelnut and peanut are botanically unrelated foods, but patients are often sensitized and allergic to both, for reasons that are not well understood. METHODS To investigate molecular cosensitization and cross-reactivity to peanut in hazelnut-sensitized individuals, children (n = 81) and adults (n = 80) were retrospectively selected based on sensitization to hazelnut. IgE to hazelnut extract, Cor a 1, 8, 9 and 14, to peanut extract, Ara h 1, 2, 3, 8 and 9, and to Bet v 1 was determined by ImmunoCAP. Allergy to hazelnut and peanut was established by DBPCFC and/or detailed clinical history. Patients were either tolerant or displayed subjective or objective symptoms to either food. IgE cross-reactivity between hazelnut and peanut storage proteins was assessed by reciprocal ImmunoCAP inhibition experiments. RESULTS Of the 161 hazelnut-sensitized subjects, 109 (68%) were also sensitized to peanut, and 73 (45%) had clinical expression of allergy to peanut that was not associated with the presence or severity of hazelnut allergy. Instead, it was associated with IgE reactivity to peanut storage proteins, in particular Ara h 2. No cross-reactivity could be detected between Ara h 2 and Cor a 14, and 2 of 13 subjects displayed extensive cross-reactivity between 11S globulins; in plasma of both individuals, Ara h 3 almost completely inhibited IgE binding to Cor a 9. CONCLUSIONS Peanut allergy is not primarily the result of IgE cross-reactivity to hazelnut storage proteins. IgE to Cor a 14 and Ara h 2 may serve as useful markers of primary sensitization to hazelnut and peanut, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Masthoff
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - E. van Hoffen
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - J. Lidholm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - L. Zuidmeer-Jongejan
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - S. A. Versteeg
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - C. A. Bruijnzeel-Koomen
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. C. Knulst
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - S. G. Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Center for Paediatric Allergology; Wilhelmina Children's Hospital; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - R. van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Kulis M, Burks AW. Effects of a pre-existing food allergy on the oral introduction of food proteins: findings from a murine model. Allergy 2015; 70:120-3. [PMID: 25155558 DOI: 10.1111/all.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cashew-allergic mice develop elevated walnut-specific IgE upon oral feeding of walnut proteins. Ingestion of tree nuts in the presence of a known nut allergy could lead to additional sensitizations and anaphylaxis following subsequent exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Medicine; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - A. W. Burks
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Medicine; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill NC USA
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41
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Sampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, James J, Jones S, Lang D, Nadeau K, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Oppenheimer J, Perry TT, Randolph C, Sicherer SH, Simon RA, Vickery BP, Wood R, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy J, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles SA, Wallace D, Sampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, James J, Jones S, Lang D, Nadeau K, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Oppenheimer J, Perry TT, Randolph C, Sicherer SH, Simon RA, Vickery BP, Wood R. Food allergy: a practice parameter update-2014. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1016-25.e43. [PMID: 25174862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This parameter was developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (JCAAI). The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "Food Allergy: A practice parameter update-2014." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing one, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, ACAAI, and JCAAI. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
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Molecular sIgE profile in infants and young children with peanut sensitization and eczema. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:152-157. [PMID: 26120526 PMCID: PMC4479429 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many children develop a sensitization to peanut in early infancy, even before peanut is introduced in their diet. Sensitization is particularly common in young children with eczema. There have been scant data available to date on the sensitization pattern for specific peanut allergens in this patient group. The aim of this study was to investigate the allergen profile of infants and young children with peanut sensitization and eczema. Methods: Sera from 53 children aged ≤ 20 months with eczema and sensitization to peanut but who had not yet consumed products containing peanuts were included in the analysis. Sera were analyzed using microarray immunoassay (ImmunoCAP ISAC). Results: In total, 63 % of peanut-sensitized children showed specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) against at least one peanut allergen on the microarray. Specific IgE to the 7S globulin Ara h 1 was detected in 40 % of the children, to the 2S albumin Ara h 2 in 30 % and to the 11S globulin Ara h 3 in 23 %. Only one child had sIgE to Arah 8, the homologoue of Bet-v-1. Data on clinical relevance were available for 24 of 53 children: 14 of 24 patients had objective allergic reactions to peanut, while 10 children were peanut-tolerant. The seed storage protein Ara h 2 was not detected on microarray in 43 % (6 of 14) of children with peanut allergy. Two of these six children were mono-sensitized to Ara h 1 and two to Ara h 3, while in three children none of these seed storage proteins was detected. Discussion: It could be shown that infants and young children with eczema and sensitization to peanut recognize predominantly seed storage proteins from peanut, even before the introduction of peanut into their diet. Sensitization to pollen-related food allergens seems to be rare at this age. At this age not only Ara h 2, but also Ara h 1 seems to be related to clinical relevance.
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Trendelenburg V, Rohrbach A, Schulz G, Schwarz V, Beyer K. Molekulares sIgE Profil bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern mit Erdnusssensibilisierung und Ekzem. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-014-0615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bar-El Dadon S, Pascual CY, Reifen R. Food allergy and cross-reactivity-chickpea as a test case. Food Chem 2014; 165:483-8. [PMID: 25038702 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea has become one of the most abundant crops consumed in the Mediterranean and also in western world. Chickpea allergy is reported in specific geographic areas and is associated with lentil and/or pea allergy. We investigated cross-reactivity between chickpea and pea/lentil/soybean/hazelnut. The IgE-binding profiles of chickpea globulin and pea/lentil/soybean/hazelnut extracts were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunoblot-inhibition studies. Inhibition-assay with pea/lentil completely suppressed IgE-binding to chickpea globulin allergens, while not so in the reciprocal inhibition. Pre-absorption of sera with chickpea globulin caused the disappearance of IgE-binding to protein on an immunoblot of soybean/hazelnut protein extract. These results suggest that cross-reactivity exists between chickpea and pea/lentil/soybean/hazelnut. Chickpea allergy is associated with lentil and/or pea allergy, but evidently may not present independently. This, together with the described asymmetric cross-reactivity and phylogenetic aspects, suggest that chickpea allergy is merely an expression of cross-reactivity, caused by pea and/or lentil as the "primary" allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Bar-El Dadon
- The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cristina Y Pascual
- Servicio de alergologia, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia, Paseo de Europa 34, San Sebastian de los Reyes, 28702 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ram Reifen
- The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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Abstract
Peanut seeds are currently widely used as source of human food ingredients in the United States of America and in European countries due to their high quality protein and oil content. This article describes the classification and molecular biology of peanut seed allergens with particular reference to their cross-reactivities. Currently, the IUIS allergen nomenclature subcommittee accepts 12 peanut allergens. Two allergens belong to the cupin and four to the prolamin superfamily, and six are distributed among profilins, Bet v 1-like proteins, oleosins, and defensins. Clinical observations frequently report an association of peanut allergy with allergies to legumes, tree nuts, seeds, fruits and pollen. Molecular cross-reactivity has been described between members of the Bet v 1-like proteins, the non-specific lipid transfer proteins, and the profilins. This review also addresses the less well-studied cross-reactivity between cupin and prolamin allergens of peanuts and of other plant food sources and the recently discovered cross-reactivity between peanut allergens of unrelated protein families.
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Production and analysis of recombinant tree nut allergens. Methods 2014; 66:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Allergenic properties and differential response of walnut subjected to processing treatments. Food Chem 2014; 157:141-7. [PMID: 24679763 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in walnut allergenicity after processing treatments by in vitro techniques and physiologically relevant assays. The allergenicity of walnuts subjected to high hydrostatic pressure and thermal/pressure treatments was evaluated by IgE-immunoblot and antibodies against walnut major allergen Jug r 4. The ability of processed walnut to cross-link IgE on effector cells was evaluated using a rat basophil leukaemia cell line and by skin prick testing. Susceptibility to gastric and duodenal digestion was also evaluated. The results showed that walnuts subjected to pressure treatment at 256 kPa, 138 °C, were able to diminish the IgE cross-linking capacity on effector cells more efficiently than high pressure treated walnuts. IgE immunoblot confirmed these results. Moreover, higher susceptibility to digestion of pressure treated walnut proteins was observed. The use of processed walnuts with decreased IgE binding capacity could be a potential strategy for walnut tolerance induction.
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Prickett SR, Voskamp AL, Phan T, Dacumos-Hill A, Mannering SI, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE. Ara h 1 CD4+ T cell epitope-based peptides: candidates for a peanut allergy therapeutic. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:684-97. [PMID: 23711131 PMCID: PMC3709139 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Peanut allergy is a life-threatening condition; there is currently no cure. While whole allergen extracts are used for specific immunotherapy for many allergies, they can cause severe reactions and even fatalities in peanut allergy. Objective To identify short, HLA-degenerate CD4+ T cell epitope-based peptides of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 that target allergen-specific T cells without causing IgE-mediated inflammatory cell activation, as candidates for safe peanut-specific immunotherapy. Methods Ara h 1-specific CD4+ T cell lines (TCL) were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of peanut-allergic subjects using CFSE-based methodology. T cell epitopes were identified using CFSE and thymidine-based proliferation assays. Epitope HLA-restriction was investigated using blocking antibodies, HLA-genotyping and epitope prediction algorithms. Functional peanut-specific IgE reactivity to peptides was assessed by basophil activation assay. Results A total of 145 Ara h 1-specific TCL were generated from 18 HLA-diverse peanut-allergic subjects. The TCL recognized 20-mer peptides throughout Ara h 1. Nine 20-mers containing the most frequently recognized epitopes were selected and their recognition confirmed in 18 additional peanut-allergic subjects. Ten core epitopes were mapped within these 20-mers. These were HLA-DQ and/or HLA–DR restricted, with each presented on at least two different HLA-molecules. Seven short (≤ 20 aa) non-basophil-reactive peptides encompassing all core epitopes were designed and validated in peanut-allergic donor PBMC T cell assays. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Short CD4+ T cell epitope-based Ara h 1 peptides were identified as novel candidates for a safe, T cell targeted peanut-specific immunotherapy for HLA-diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Prickett
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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50
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Masthoff LJ, Hoff R, Verhoeckx KCM, van Os-Medendorp H, Michelsen-Huisman A, Baumert JL, Pasmans SG, Meijer Y, Knulst AC. A systematic review of the effect of thermal processing on the allergenicity of tree nuts. Allergy 2013; 68:983-93. [PMID: 23889537 DOI: 10.1111/all.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergenicity of foods can be influenced by processing. Tree nuts are an important source of nutrition and increasingly consumed; however, processing methods are quite variable and data are currently lacking on the effects of processing on allergenicity. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic literature review on the effects of food processing on the allergenicity of tree nuts. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed, with screening of references, related articles and citations. Studies were included if they assessed the allergenicity or immunogenicity of processed nuts. RESULTS The search resulted in 32 articles suitable for analysis. Clinical studies indicate that roasting reduces the allergenicity of hazelnut in individuals with a birch pollen allergy and reactivity to raw hazelnut. Thermal processing may reduce the allergenicity of the PR-10 protein in hazelnut and almond in vitro. The majority of the in vitro studies investigating the allergenicity of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) and seed storage proteins in hazelnut, almond, cashew nut, Brazil nut, walnut, pecan nut and pistachio nut show heat stability towards different thermal processing methods. CONCLUSION Thermal processing may reduce allergenicity of PR-10 proteins in hazelnut and almond, in contrast to nsLTPs and seed storage proteins. This has important implications for source materials used for IgE testing and food challenges and diet advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Masthoff
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - R. Hoff
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | | | - H. van Os-Medendorp
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - A. Michelsen-Huisman
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - J. L. Baumert
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program; University of Nebraska; Lincoln; NE; USA
| | | | | | - A. C. Knulst
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
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