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do Carmo Santos ML, Santos TA, Dos Santos Lopes N, Macedo Ferreira M, Martins Alves AM, Pirovani CP, Micheli F. The selenium-independent phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase from Theobroma cacao (TcPHGPX) protects plant cells against damages and cell death. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108332. [PMID: 38224638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Proteins from the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family, such as GPX4 or PHGPX in animals, are extensively studied for their antioxidant functions and apoptosis inhibition. GPXs can be selenium-independent or selenium-dependent, with selenium acting as a potential cofactor for GPX activity. However, the relationship of plant GPXs to these functions remains unclear. Recent research indicated an upregulation of Theobroma cacao phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene (TcPHGPX) expression during early witches' broom disease stages, suggesting the use of antioxidant mechanisms as a plant defense strategy to reduce disease progression. Witches' broom disease, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, induces cell death through elicitors like MpNEP2 in advanced infection stages. In this context, in silico and in vitro analyses of TcPHGPX's physicochemical and functional characteristics may elucidate its antioxidant potential and effects against cell death, enhancing understanding of plant GPXs and informing strategies to control witches' broom disease. Results indicated TcPHGPX interaction with selenium compounds, mainly sodium selenite, but without improving the protein function. Protein-protein interaction network suggested cacao GPXs association with glutathione and thioredoxin metabolism, engaging in pathways like signaling, peroxide detection for ABA pathway components, and anthocyanin transport. Tests on tobacco cells revealed that TcPHGPX reduced cell death, associated with decreased membrane damage and H2O2 production induced by MpNEP2. This study is the first functional analysis of TcPHGPX, contributing to knowledge about plant GPXs and supporting studies for witches' broom disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luíza do Carmo Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Taís Araújo Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Natasha Dos Santos Lopes
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Monaliza Macedo Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Akyla Maria Martins Alves
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Tyagi S, Shumayla, Sharma Y, Madhu, Sharma A, Pandey A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. TaGPX1-D overexpression provides salinity and osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111881. [PMID: 37806453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are known to play an essential role in guarding cells against oxidative stress by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. The current study aims functional characterization of the TaGPX1-D gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) for salinity and osmotic stress tolerance. To achieve this, we initially performed the spot assays of TaGPX1-D expressing yeast cells. The growth of recombinant TaGPX1-D expressing yeast cells was notably higher than the control cells under stress conditions. Later, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the TaGPX1-D gene and investigated their tolerance to various stress conditions. The transgenic plants exhibited improved tolerance to both salinity and osmotic stresses compared to the wild-type plants. The higher germination rates, increased antioxidant enzymes activities, improved chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline and relative water contents, and reduced hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels in the transgenic lines supported the stress tolerance mechanism. Overall, this study demonstrated the role of TaGPX1-D in abiotic stress tolerance, and it can be used for improving the tolerance of crops to environmental stressors, such as salinity and osmotic stress in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shumayla
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yashraaj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Madhu
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Wang S, Sun X, Miao X, Mo F, Liu T, Chen Y. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of the Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzyme Gene Family in Solanum tuberosum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11078. [PMID: 37446254 PMCID: PMC10342349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase-like enzyme is an important enzymatic antioxidant in plants. It is involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species, which can effectively prevent oxidative damage and improve resistance. GPXL has been studied in many plants but has not been reported in potatoes, the world's fourth-largest food crop. This study identified eight StGPXL genes in potatoes for the first time through genome-wide bioinformatics analysis and further studied the expression patterns of these genes using qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of StGPXL1 was significantly upregulated under high-temperature stress, indicating its involvement in potato defense against high-temperature stress, while the expression levels of StGPXL4 and StGPXL5 were significantly downregulated. The expression of StGPXL1, StGPXL2, StGPXL3, and StGPXL6 was significantly upregulated under drought stress, indicating their involvement in potato defense against drought stress. After MeJA hormone treatment, the expression level of StGPXL6 was significantly upregulated, indicating its involvement in the chemical defense mechanism of potatoes. The expression of all StGPXL genes is inhibited under biotic stress, which indicates that GPXL is a multifunctional gene family, which may endow plants with resistance to various stresses. This study will help deepen the understanding of the function of the potato GPXL gene family, provide comprehensive information for the further analysis of the molecular function of the potato GPXL gene family as well as a theoretical basis for potato molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.M.); (F.M.); (T.L.)
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4
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Lian Z, Zhang J, Hao Z, Zhu L, Liu Y, Fang H, Lu Y, Li X, Shi J, Chen J, Cheng T. The Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Family in Nitraria sibirica: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Gene Expression Analysis under Stress Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040950. [PMID: 37107708 PMCID: PMC10137829 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are the main enzymes in the antioxidant defense system that sustain H2O2 homeostasis and normalize plant reaction to abiotic stress conditions. However, the genome-wide identification of the GPX gene family and its responses to environmental stresses, especially salt stress, in Nitraria sibirica, which is a shrub that can survive in saline environments, has not yet been reported. Here, we first report the genome-wide analysis of the GPX gene family in N. sibirica, leading to a total of seven NsGPX genes that are distributed on six of the twelve chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NsGPX genes were grouped into four major groups (Group I-IV). Three types of cis-acting elements were identified in the NsGPX promoters, mainly related to hormones and stress response. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that NsGPX1 and NsGPX3 were significantly up-regulated in stem and leaf, while NsGPX7 transcriptionally in root in response to salt stress. The current study identified a total seven NsGPX genes in N. sibirica via genome-wide analysis, and discovered that NsGPXs may play an important role in response to salt stress. Taken together, our findings provide a basis for further functional studies of NsGPX genes, especially in regarding to the resistance to salt stress of this halophyte plant N. sibirica, eventually aid in the discovery of new methods to restore overtly saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hao Fang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ye Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tielong Cheng
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Yang X, Lin P, Luo Y, Bai H, Liao X, Li X, Tian Y, Jiang B, Pan Y, Zhang F, Zhang L, Jia Y, Li Y, Liu Q. Lysine decrotonylation of glutathione peroxidase at lysine 220 site increases glutathione peroxidase activity to resist cold stress in chrysanthemum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113295. [PMID: 35151212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation is a protein post-translational modification that has been newly discovered in recent years. There are few studies on the lysine crotonylation of proteins in plants, and their functions in response to cold stress are still unclear. In this study, the chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene was selected and named DgGPX1, and was found to be responsive to low temperature. Overexpression of DgGPX1 improved the cold resistance of transgenic chrysanthemum by increasing GPX activity to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under low-temperature conditions. Furthermore, the level of DgGPX1 lysine crotonylation at lysine (K) 220 decreased under low temperature in chrysanthemum. Lysine decrotonylation of DgGPX1 at K220 further increased GPX activity to reduce ROS accumulation under cold stress, and thereby enhanced the cold resistance of chrysanthemum. The above results show that lysine decrotonylation of DgGPX1 at K220 increases GPX activity to resist cold stress in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yunchen Luo
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Huiru Bai
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Liao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yuchen Tian
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Beibei Jiang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yin Jia
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Rajput VD, Harish, Singh RK, Verma KK, Sharma L, Quiroz-Figueroa FR, Meena M, Gour VS, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:267. [PMID: 33810535 PMCID: PMC8066271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in overcoming various stress conditions. Mainly, these plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The present review is aimed at articulating the current understanding of each of these enzymatic components, with special attention on the role of each enzyme in response to the various environmental, especially abiotic stresses, their molecular characterisation, and reaction mechanisms. The role of the enzymatic defence system for plant health and development, their significance, and cross-talk mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the application of antioxidant enzymes in developing stress-tolerant transgenic plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Harish
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Lav Sharma
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Fitomejoramiento Molecular, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Sinaloa), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes no. 250, Col. San Joachín, C.P., 81101 Guasave, Mexico;
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Vinod Singh Gour
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, NH 11C, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
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Chen M, Li K, Li H, Song CP, Miao Y. The Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum: Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, Gene Expression and Functional Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44743. [PMID: 28300195 PMCID: PMC5353742 DOI: 10.1038/srep44743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family consists of multiple isoenzymes with distinct subcellular locations, tissue-specific expression patterns and environmental stress responses. In this study, 13 putative GPXs from the genome of Gossypium hirsutum (GhGPXs) were identified and a conserved pattern among plant GPXs were exhibited, besides this they also responded to multiple environmental stresses and we predicted that they had hormone responsive cis-elements in their promoter regions. Most of the GhGPXs on expression in yeast can scavenge H2O2. Our results showed that different members of the GhGPX gene family were co-ordinately regulated under specific environmental stress conditions, and suggested the importance of GhGPXs in hormone treatments and abiotic stress responses.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Exons/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Genes, Plant
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Genome, Plant
- Glutathione Peroxidase/chemistry
- Glutathione Peroxidase/classification
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Gossypium/drug effects
- Gossypium/enzymology
- Gossypium/genetics
- Gossypium/physiology
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Introns/genetics
- Multigene Family
- Organ Specificity/drug effects
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Protoplasts/drug effects
- Protoplasts/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Subcellular Fractions/drug effects
- Subcellular Fractions/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Haipeng Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Glutathione Peroxidase of Pennisetum glaucum (PgGPx) Is a Functional Cd2+ Dependent Peroxiredoxin that Enhances Tolerance against Salinity and Drought Stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143344. [PMID: 26600014 PMCID: PMC4658160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) arise in the plant system due to inevitable influence of various environmental stimuli. Glutathione peroxidases are one of the important ROS scavengers inside the cell. A glutathione peroxidase (PgGPx) gene was previously found from Pennisetum glauccum abiotic stressed cDNA library. Enzyme kinetics data revealed that PgGPx possessed preference towards thioredoxin rather than glutathione as electron donor and thus belongs to the functional peroxiredoxin group. Moreover, its activity was found to be dependent on divalent cations, especially Cd2+ and homology model showed the presence of Cd2+ binding site in the protein. Site directed mutagenesis study of PgGPx protein revealed the vital role of two conserved Cysteine residues for its enzymatic activity and structural folding. Expression analysis suggested that PgGPx transcript is highly up-regulated in response to salinity and drought stresses. When expressed ectopically, PgGPx showed enhanced tolerance against multiple abiotic stresses in prokaryotic E. coli and model plant, rice. Transgenic rice plants showed lesser accumulation of MDA and H2O2; and higher accumulation of proline as compared to wild type (WT) plants in response to both salinity and drought stresses that clearly indicates suppression of lipid peroxidation and ROS generation in transgenic lines. Moreover, transgenic plants maintained better photosynthesis efficiency and higher level of antioxidant enzyme activity as compared to WT plants under stress conditions. These results clearly indicate the imperative role of PgGPx in cellular redox homeostasis under stress conditions, leading to the maintenance of membrane integrity and increased tolerance towards oxidative stress.
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9
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Takeda T. Post-translational activation of non-selenium glutathione peroxidase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by specific incorporation of selenium. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:39-43. [PMID: 29124185 PMCID: PMC5668893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) plays a pivotal role in the protection of cells against oxidative damage. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expresses both selenocysteine-containing GPX and the non-selenium GPX homolog (GPXH). We previously reported that supplementation of selenium to algal culture induces GPXH to exhibit GPX activity. Here we investigated the incorporation of selenium into GPXH and its causal relationship with the upregulation of the enzymatic activity. GPXH was purified from algal cells grown with selenium and proteolytically digested into four fragments. Selenium content analysis for these proteolytic fragments confirmed that GPXH-incorporated selenium is predominantly enriched in a fragment that carries the putative catalytic residue Cys-38. We next constructed three kinds of engineered GPXH proteins by substituting Ser for one of three Cys residues in native GPXH, Cys-38, -66, and -84, using a bacterial overexpression system, resulting in Cys38Ser, Cys66Ser, and Cys84Ser derivatives, respectively. Of these, the Cys66Ser and Cys84Ser derivatives exhibited the same level of selenium-dependent GPX activity as the normal recombinant GPXH, whereas the Cys38Ser mutant GPXH not only lost its activity completely but also demonstrated severely impaired incorporation of selenium. These findings strongly suggest that selenium is post-translationally assimilated into the Cys-38 of the GPXH protein, thereby enhancing its enzymatic activity. Non-Se algal GPX was characterized in terms of Se-associated structure–function. Se was found to be specifically bound to the catalytic Cys of the GPX. Se-binding targeted to the active site was required for GPX up-regulation. This is the first evidence for Se-mediated post-translational activation of plant GPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takeda
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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Bela K, Horváth E, Gallé Á, Szabados L, Tari I, Csiszár J. Plant glutathione peroxidases: emerging role of the antioxidant enzymes in plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 176:192-201. [PMID: 25638402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family consists of multiple isoenzymes with distinct subcellular locations which exhibit different tissue-specific expression patterns and environmental stress responses. Contrary to most of their counterparts in animal cells, plant GPXs contain cysteine instead of selenocysteine in their active site and while some of them have both glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin peroxidase functions, the thioredoxin regenerating system is much more efficient in vitro than the glutathione system. At present, the function of these enzymes in plants is not completely understood. The occurrence of thiol-dependent activities of plant GPX isoenzymes suggests that - besides detoxification of H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides - they may be involved in regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis by maintaining the thiol/disulfide or NADPH/NADP(+) balance. GPXs may represent a link existing between the glutathione- and the thioredoxin-based system. The various thiol buffers, including Trx, can affect a number of redox reactions in the cells most probably via modulation of thiol status. It is still required to identify the in vivo reductant for particular GPX isoenzymes and partners that GPXs interact with specifically. Recent evidence suggests that plant GPXs does not only protect cells from stress induced oxidative damage but they can be implicated in plant growth and development. Following a more general introduction, this study summarizes present knowledge on plant GPXs, highlighting the results on gene expression analysis, regulation and signaling of Arabidopsis thaliana GPXs and also suggests some perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Bela
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Horváth
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Gallé
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of HAS, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jolán Csiszár
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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11
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Sakamoto T, Maebayashi K, Nakagawa Y, Imai H. Deletion of the four phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase genes accelerates aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Cells 2014; 19:778-92. [PMID: 25200408 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family is a major antioxidant enzyme family that catalyzes the reduction of a variety of hydroperoxides. GPxs are divided into selenium- and nonselenium-containing GPxs. Because of their efficient antioxidant activity, which depends on the presence of the amino acid residue selenocysteine, selenium-containing GPxs have been the subject of many studies. However, the physiological roles of the nonselenium GPxs remain unclear. Here, we report that the deletion of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) homologues causes accelerated aging that leads to a shortened lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. PHGPx is an antioxidant enzyme that directly reduces the phospholipid hydroperoxides generated in biomembranes. The quadruple phgpx mutant gpx-1; gpx-2; gpx-6; gpx-7 developed normally, reached adulthood and reproduced as well as the wild type. However, a lifespan analysis showed that the quadruple phgpx mutant had a short maximum lifespan, with an age-related increase in its mortality rate. The intestine is the primary tissue expressing gpx-1, gpx-2, gpx-6 and gpx-7 in C. elegans, and the expression of gpx-6 is greatly enhanced under starvation conditions. These results suggest that the C. elegans PHGPx homologues have important functions in the regulation of aging, probably by reducing oxidative damage in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Sakamoto
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Gao F, Chen J, Ma T, Li H, Wang N, Li Z, Zhang Z, Zhou Y. The glutathione peroxidase gene family in Thellungiella salsuginea: genome-wide identification, classification, and gene and protein expression analysis under stress conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3319-35. [PMID: 24566152 PMCID: PMC3958914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15023319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPX) catalyze the reduction of H2O2 or organic hydroperoxides to water or corresponding alcohols using reduced glutathione, which plays an essential role in ROS (reactive oxygen species) homeostasis and stress signaling. Thellungiella salsuginea (Eutrema salsugineum), a relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, displays an extremely high level of tolerance to salt, drought, cold and oxidative stresses. The enzymatic antioxidant systems may contribute to the stress tolerance of T. salsuginea. In the present study, we aimed at understanding the roles of the antioxidant enzymes in T. salsuginea by focusing on the GPX family. We identified the eight GPX genes in T. salsuginea, and the structure of the N-terminal domains indicated their putative chloroplastic, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic location. The exon-intron organization of these genes exhibited a conserved pattern among plant GPX genes. Multiple environmental stresses and hormone response related cis-acting elements were predicted in the promoters of TsGPX genes. The gene and protein expression profiles of TsGPXs in response to high level of salinity and osmotic stresses, in leaves and roots of T. salsuginea were investigated using real-time RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Our result showed that different members of the GPX gene family were coordinately regulated under specific environmental stress conditions, and supported the important roles of TsGPXs in salt and drought stress response in T. salsuginea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tingting Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huayun Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhanglei Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zichen Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Jain P, Bhatla SC. Signaling role of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) accompanying sensing of NaCl stress in etiolated sunflower seedling cotyledons. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e977746. [PMID: 25517199 PMCID: PMC4623265 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.977746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower seedlings subjected to 120 mM NaCl stress exhibit high total peroxidase activity, differential expression of its isoforms and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. This coincides with high specific activity of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) in the 10,000g supernatant from the homogenates of 2-6 d old seedling cotyledons. An upregulation of PHGPX activity by NaCl is evident from Western blot analysis. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis of sections of cotyledons incubated with anti-GPX4 (PHGPX) antibody highlights an enhanced cytosolic accumulation of PHGPX, particularly around the secretory canals. Present work, thus, highlights sensing of NaCl stress in sunflower seedlings in relation with lipid hydroperoxide accumulation and its scavenging through an upregulation of PHGPX activity in the cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jain
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
- Correspondence to: Satish C Bhatla;
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Kim YJ, Jang MG, Noh HY, Lee HJ, Sukweenadhi J, Kim JH, Kim SY, Kwon WS, Yang DC. Molecular characterization of two glutathione peroxidase genes of Panax ginseng and their expression analysis against environmental stresses. Gene 2013; 535:33-41. [PMID: 24269671 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). GPX catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or organic hydroperoxides to water or alcohols by reduced glutathione. The presence of GPXs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. Two GPX cDNAs were isolated and characterized from the embryogenic callus of Panax ginseng. The two cDNAs had an open reading frame (ORF) of 723 and 681bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 240 and 226 residues, respectively. The calculated molecular mass of the matured proteins are approximately 26.4kDa or 25.7kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 9.16 or 6.11, respectively. The two PgGPXs were elevated strongly by salt stress and chilling stress in a ginseng seedling. In addition, the two PgGPXs showed different responses against biotic stress. The positive responses of PgGPX to the environmental stimuli suggested that ginseng GPX may help to protect against environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yong Noh
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Johan Sukweenadhi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hak Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeong Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Saeng Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Gaber A. The importance of Arabidopsis glutathione peroxidase 8 for protecting Arabidopsis plant and E. coli cells against oxidative stress. GM CROPS & FOOD 2013; 5:20-6. [PMID: 24217216 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.26979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are major family of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes. Recently, database analysis of the Arabidopsis genome revealed a new open-reading frame, thus increasing the total number of AtGPX gene family to eight (AtGPX1-8). The effect of plant hormones like; i. e. salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and mannitol on the expression of the genes confirm that the AtGPX genes family is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The survival rate of AtGPX8 knockout plants (KO8) was significantly decreased under heat stress compared with the wild type. Moreover, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein oxidation was significantly increased in the KO8 plant cells under heat stress. Results indicating that the deficiency of AtGPX8 accelerates the progression of oxidative stress in KO8 plants. On the other hand, the overexpression of AtGPX8 in E. coli cells enhance the growth of the recombinant enzyme on media supplemented with 0.2 mM cumene hydroperoxide, 0.3 mM H 2O 2 or 600 mM NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University; Giza, Egypt
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16
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Zhai CZ, Zhao L, Yin LJ, Chen M, Wang QY, Li LC, Xu ZS, Ma YZ. Two wheat glutathione peroxidase genes whose products are located in chloroplasts improve salt and H2O2 tolerances in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73989. [PMID: 24098330 PMCID: PMC3788784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is capable of damaging effects on numerous cellular components. Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs, EC 1.11.1.9) are key enzymes of the antioxidant network in plants. In this study, W69 and W106, two putative GPX genes, were obtained by de novo transcriptome sequencing of salt-treated wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. The purified His-tag fusion proteins of W69 and W106 reduced H2O2 and t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) using glutathione (GSH) or thioredoxin (Trx) as an electron donor in vitro, showing their peroxidase activity toward H2O2 and toxic organic hydroperoxide. GFP fluorescence assays revealed that W69 and W106 are localized in chloroplasts. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR) analysis showed that two GPXs were differentially responsive to salt, drought, H2O2, or ABA. Isolation of the W69 and W106 promoters revealed some cis-acting elements responding to abiotic stresses. Overexpression of W69 and W106 conferred strong tolerance to salt, H2O2, and ABA treatment in Arabidopsis. Moreover, the expression levels of key regulator genes (SOS1, RbohD and ABI1/ABI2) involved in salt, H2O2 and ABA signaling were altered in the transgenic plants. These findings suggest that W69 and W106 not only act as scavengers of H2O2 in controlling abiotic stress responses, but also play important roles in salt and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Zeng Zhai
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Juan Yin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lian-Cheng Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (Z-SX); (Y-ZM)
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (Z-SX); (Y-ZM)
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17
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Ivanchenko MG, den Os D, Monshausen GB, Dubrovsky JG, Bednářová A, Krishnan N. Auxin increases the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root tips while inhibiting root growth. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1107-16. [PMID: 23965615 PMCID: PMC3783245 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The hormone auxin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate root elongation, but the interactions between the two pathways are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how auxin interacts with ROS in regulating root elongation in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. METHODS Wild-type and auxin-resistant mutant, diageotropica (dgt), of tomato (S. lycopersicum 'Ailsa Craig') were characterized in terms of root apical meristem and elongation zone histology, expression of the cell-cycle marker gene Sl-CycB1;1, accumulation of ROS, response to auxin and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and expression of ROS-related mRNAs. KEY RESULTS The dgt mutant exhibited histological defects in the root apical meristem and elongation zone and displayed a constitutively increased level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the root tip, part of which was detected in the apoplast. Treatments of wild-type with auxin increased the H2O2 concentration in the root tip in a dose-dependent manner. Auxin and H2O2 elicited similar inhibition of cell elongation while bringing forth differential responses in terms of meristem length and number of cells in the elongation zone. Auxin treatments affected the expression of mRNAs of ROS-scavenging enzymes and less significantly mRNAs related to antioxidant level. The dgt mutation resulted in resistance to both auxin and H2O2 and affected profoundly the expression of mRNAs related to antioxidant level. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that auxin regulates the level of H2O2 in the root tip, so increasing the auxin level triggers accumulation of H2O2 leading to inhibition of root cell elongation and root growth. The dgt mutation affects this pathway by reducing the auxin responsiveness of tissues and by disrupting the H2O2 homeostasis in the root tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Ivanchenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Désirée den Os
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- University of Groningen, Ecophysiology of Plants, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele B. Monshausen
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Joseph G. Dubrovsky
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Andrea Bednářová
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Science, and Faculty of Science, South Bohemian University, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05-CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Herbette S, de Labrouhe DT, Drevet JR, Roeckel-Drevet P. Transgenic tomatoes showing higher glutathione peroxydase antioxidant activity are more resistant to an abiotic stress but more susceptible to biotic stresses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:548-53. [PMID: 21421403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The function of selenium independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses was investigated in transgenic tomato plants overexpressing an exogenous GPx and exhibiting a 50% increase in total GPx activity. GPx-overexpressing and control plants were challenged either by a mechanical stress or by infection with the biotrophic parasite Oidium neolycopersici or the necrotrophic parasite Botrytis cinerea. In mechanically stressed plants, internode growth was significantly less modified in GPx-overexpressing plants compared to controls. This stress resistant phenotype was not accompanied with any change in the global antioxidant response of the plants other than their increased GPx activity. Following infection by O. neolycopersici or by B. cinerea, lesion extension was increased in GPx-overexpressing plants compared with controls. These results showed that GPx overexpression provoked opposite effects in situations of biotic and abiotic challenges, suggesting a key role for this scavenger enzyme in controlling biotic and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Herbette
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMRA 547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
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Gill SS, Tuteja N. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:909-30. [PMID: 20870416 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4311] [Impact Index Per Article: 307.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Various abiotic stresses lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants which are highly reactive and toxic and cause damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA which ultimately results in oxidative stress. The ROS comprises both free radical (O(2)(-), superoxide radicals; OH, hydroxyl radical; HO(2), perhydroxy radical and RO, alkoxy radicals) and non-radical (molecular) forms (H(2)O(2), hydrogen peroxide and (1)O(2), singlet oxygen). In chloroplasts, photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) are the major sites for the production of (1)O(2) and O(2)(-). In mitochondria, complex I, ubiquinone and complex III of electron transport chain (ETC) are the major sites for the generation of O(2)(-). The antioxidant defense machinery protects plants against oxidative stress damages. Plants possess very efficient enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; glutathione reductase, GR; monodehydroascorbate reductase, MDHAR; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; guaicol peroxidase, GOPX and glutathione-S- transferase, GST) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, ASH; glutathione, GSH; phenolic compounds, alkaloids, non-protein amino acids and α-tocopherols) antioxidant defense systems which work in concert to control the cascades of uncontrolled oxidation and protect plant cells from oxidative damage by scavenging of ROS. ROS also influence the expression of a number of genes and therefore control the many processes like growth, cell cycle, programmed cell death (PCD), abiotic stress responses, pathogen defense, systemic signaling and development. In this review, we describe the biochemistry of ROS and their production sites, and ROS scavenging antioxidant defense machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
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20
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Ohdate T, Kita K, Inoue Y. Kinetics and redox regulation of Gpx1, an atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 10:787-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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Wu C, Mai K, Zhang W, Ai Q, Xu W, Wang X, Ma H, Liufu Z. Molecular cloning, characterization and mRNA expression of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase from abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino in response to dietary selenium, zinc and iron. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:121-32. [PMID: 20348022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPX) was cloned from abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino (HdhGPx) by homology cloning with degenerate primers and RACE techniques. The full length of HdhGPx cDNA was 963bp with a 669bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 222 amino acids and a 101bp eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in 3' untranslated region (UTR). It was showed that HdhGPx has a characteristic codon at (235)TGA(237) that corresponds to selenocysteine (SeC) as U(72). Sequence characterization revealed that HdhGPx contains a characteristic GPx signature motif 2 ((96)LGLPCNQF(103)), an active site motif ((179)WNFEKF(184)). In addition, two potential N-glycosylation sites ((112)NGTE(115) and (132)NLTQ(135)) were identified in HdhGPx. 3D modeling analysis showed that the overall structure of HdhGPx monomer had more similarity to human GPx3 than human GPx1. Relatively higher-level mRNA expression was detected in hepatopancreas, mantle and gonad by real-time PCR assays. The relative expression levels of HdhGPx mRNA in hepatopancreas and haemocytes were detected by real-time PCR in abalone fed with nine different diets containing graded levels of selenium (0.15, 1.32 and 48.7mgkg(-1)), zinc (6.69, 33.85 and 710.63mgkg(-1)) and iron (29.17, 65.7 and 1267.2mgkg(-1)) for 20weeks, respectively. The results showed that the expressions of HdhGPx mRNA were statistically higher at adequate dietary selenium (1.32mgkg(-1)), zinc (33.85mgkg(-1)) and iron (65.7mgkg(-1)) than those in low dietary minerals, respectively. But HdhGPx mRNA expression levels were down-regulated by high contents of dietary selenium (48.7mgkg(-1)), zinc (710.63mgkg(-1)) and iron (1267.2mgkg(-1)), respectively. These results indicated that adequate dietary minerals could increase the mRNA expression of HdhGPx, and then to increase the total antioxidant capacities in abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Faltin Z, Holland D, Velcheva M, Tsapovetsky M, Roeckel-Drevet P, Handa AK, Abu-Abied M, Friedman-Einat M, Eshdat Y, Perl A. Glutathione peroxidase regulation of reactive oxygen species level is crucial for in vitro plant differentiation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1151-62. [PMID: 20530511 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) is overexpressed in plants under abiotic and biotic stress conditions that mediate oxidative stress. To study its biological role and its ability to confer stress resistance in plants, we tried to obtain transgenic plants overexpressing citrus (Citrus sinensis) PHGPx (cit-PHGPx). All attempts to obtain regenerated plants expressing this enzyme constitutively failed. However, when the enzyme's catalytic activity was abolished by active site-directed mutagenesis, transgenic plants constitutively expressing inactive cit-PHGPx were successfully regenerated. Constitutive expression of enzymatically active cit-PHGPx could only be obtained when transformation was based on non-regenerative processes. These results indicate that overexpression of the antioxidant enzyme PHGPx interferes with shoot organogenesis and suggests the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. Using transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves obtained from plants transformed with a beta-estradiol-inducible promoter, time-dependent induction of cit-PHGPx expression was employed. A pronounced inhibitory effect of cit-PHGPx on shoot formation was found to be limited to the early stage of the regeneration process. Monitoring the ROS level during regeneration revealed that upon cit-PHGPx induction, the lowest level of ROS correlated with the maximal level of shoot inhibition. Our results clearly demonstrate the essential role of ROS in the early stages of in vitro shoot organogenesis and the possible involvement of PHGPx in maintaining ROS homeostasis at this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehava Faltin
- Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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23
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Yeh SP, Liu KF, Chiu ST, Jian SJ, Cheng W, Liu CH. Identification and cloning of a selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase from giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 27:181-191. [PMID: 19376233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) cDNA was cloned from haemocyte by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA (RACE). The 913 bp cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 558 bp encoded a deduced amino acid sequence of 186 amino acids. The prawn Se-GPx sequence contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue which is encoded by the unusual stop codon, (115)TGA(117). According to the molecular modeling analysis, the active site Sec residue, located in the loop between beta3 and alpha2 in a pocket on the protein surface, and hydrogen bonded to Gln(73) and Trp(141). A GPx signature motif 2, (63)LAFPCNQF(70) and active site motif, (151)WNFEKF(156), two arginine (R) residues, R(89) and R(167) contribute to the electrostatic architecture that directs the glutathione donor substrate, and two putative N-glycosylation site, (75)NNT(77) and (107)NGS(109) were observed in the prawn Se-GPx sequence. In addition, the eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion sequence element is conserved in the 3'-UTR. Comparison of amino acid sequences showed that prawn Se-GPx is more closely related to vertebrate GPx 1. The prawn Se-GPx was synthesized in haemocyte, hepatopancreas, muscle, stomach, gill, intestine, eyestalk, heart, epidermis, lymph organ, ventral nerve cord, testis and ovary. The increase of respiratory burst in haemocyte was observed in pathogen, Debaryomyces hansenii-injected prawn in order to kill the pathogen, and the up-regulation in SOD and GPx acitivity, and prawn Se-GPx mRNA transcription were involved with the protection against damage from oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Pyng Yeh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
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24
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Chang CCC, Slesak I, Jordá L, Sotnikov A, Melzer M, Miszalski Z, Mullineaux PM, Parker JE, Karpinska B, Karpinski S. Arabidopsis chloroplastic glutathione peroxidases play a role in cross talk between photooxidative stress and immune responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 150:670-83. [PMID: 19363092 PMCID: PMC2689974 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.135566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs; EC 1.11.1.9) are key enzymes of the antioxidant network in plants and animals. In order to investigate the role of antioxidant systems in plant chloroplasts, we generated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transgenic lines that are depleted specifically in chloroplastic (cp) forms of GPX1 and GPX7. We show that reduced cpGPX expression, either in transgenic lines with lower total cpGPX expression (GPX1 and GPX7) or in a gpx7 insertion mutant, leads to compromised photooxidative stress tolerance but increased basal resistance to virulent bacteria. Depletion of both GPX1 and GPX7 expression also caused alterations in leaf cell and chloroplast morphology. Leaf tissues were characterized by shorter and more rounded palisade cells, irregular spongy mesophyll cells, and larger intercellular air spaces compared with the wild type. Chloroplasts had larger and more abundant starch grains than in wild-type and gpx7 mutant plants. Constitutively reduced cpGPX expression also led to higher foliar ascorbic acid, glutathione, and salicylic acid levels in plants exposed to higher light intensities. Our results suggest partially overlapping functions of GPX1 and GPX7. The data further point to specific changes in the chloroplast ascorbate-glutathione cycle due to reduced cpGPX expression, initiating reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid pathways that affect leaf development, light acclimation, basal defense, and cell death programs. Thus, cpGPXs regulate cellular photooxidative tolerance and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C C Chang
- Department of Botany, Stockholm University, Frescati 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Pan Z, Guan R, Zhu S, Deng X. Proteomic analysis of somatic embryogenesis in Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:281-9. [PMID: 18989674 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was employed to study the somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). Twenty-four differentially expressed proteins were identified at five time points of citrus SE (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after embryo initiation) covering globular, heart/torpedo and cotyledon-shaped embryo stages. The general expression patterns for these proteins were consistent with those appeared at 4 weeks of citrus SE. The most striking feature of our study was that five proteins were predicted to be involved in glutathione (GSH) metabolism and anti-oxidative stress, and they exhibited different expression patterns during SE. Based on that oxidative stress has been validated to enhance SE, the preferential representation for anti-oxidative proteins suggests that they could have a developmental role in citrus SE. Some proteins involved in cell division, photosynthesis and detoxification were also identified, and their possible roles in citrus SE were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Martin L, Leblanc-Fournier N, Azri W, Lenne C, Henry C, Coutand C, Julien JL. Characterization and expression analysis under bending and other abiotic factors of PtaZFP2, a poplar gene encoding a Cys2/His2 zinc finger protein. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:125-136. [PMID: 19203938 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpn011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plants, mechanoperception and transduction of mechanical signals have been studied essentially in Arabidopsis thaliana L. and Lycopersicon esculentum L. plants, i.e., in nonwoody plants. Here, we have described the isolation of both the full-length cDNA and the regulatory region of PtaZFP2, encoding a member of Cys2/His2 zinc finger protein (ZFP) family in Populus tremula L. x Populus alba L. Time course analysis of expression demonstrated that PtaZFP2 mRNA accumulated as early as 5 min in response to a controlled stem bending and is restricted to the organ where the mechanical stimulus is applied. The real-time quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction experiments showed that PtaZFP2 was also rapidly up-regulated in poplar stems in response to gravitropism suggesting that PtaZFP2 is induced by different mechanical signals. Abundance of PtaZFP2 transcripts also increased highly in response to wounding and to a weaker extent to salt treatment and cold, which is consistent with the numerous putative cis-elements found in its regulatory region. As in other species, these data suggest that Cys2/His2 ZFPs could function in poplar as key transcriptional regulators in the acclimation response to different environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Martin
- UMR547 PIAF, Univ Blaise Pascal, F-63177 Aubiére, France
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27
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Ramos J, Matamoros MA, Naya L, James EK, Rouhier N, Sato S, Tabata S, Becana M. The glutathione peroxidase gene family of Lotus japonicus: characterization of genomic clones, expression analyses and immunolocalization in legumes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 181:103-114. [PMID: 18826485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the multiple roles played by antioxidants in rhizobia-legume symbioses, little is known about glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) in legumes. Here the characterization of six GPX genes of Lotus japonicus is reported. Expression of GPX genes was analysed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in L. japonicus and Lotus corniculatus plants exposed to various treatments known to generate reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species. LjGPX1 and LjGPX3 were the most abundantly expressed genes in leaves, roots and nodules. Compared with roots, LjGPX1 and LjGPX6 were highly expressed in leaves and LjGPX3 and LjGPX6 in nodules. In roots, salinity decreased GPX4 expression, aluminium decreased expression of the six genes, and cadmium caused up-regulation of GPX3, GPX4 and GPX5 after 1 h and down-regulation of GPX1, GPX2, GPX4 and GPX6 after 3-24 h. Exposure of roots to sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor) for 1 h increased the mRNA levels of GPX4 and GPX6 by 3.3- and 30-fold, respectively. Thereafter, the GPX6 mRNA level remained consistently higher than that of the control. Immunogold labelling revealed the presence of GPX proteins in root and nodule amyloplasts and in leaf chloroplasts of L. japonicus and other legumes. Labelling was associated with starch grains. These results underscore the differential regulation of GPX expression in response to cadmium, aluminium and nitric oxide, and strongly support a role for GPX6 and possibly other GPX genes in stress and/or metabolic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;UMR 1136 Tree-Microbes Interactions, IFR110, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;UMR 1136 Tree-Microbes Interactions, IFR110, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Loreto Naya
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;UMR 1136 Tree-Microbes Interactions, IFR110, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Euan K James
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;UMR 1136 Tree-Microbes Interactions, IFR110, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Nicolas Rouhier
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;UMR 1136 Tree-Microbes Interactions, IFR110, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;UMR 1136 Tree-Microbes Interactions, IFR110, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tabata
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;UMR 1136 Tree-Microbes Interactions, IFR110, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apdo 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;UMR 1136 Tree-Microbes Interactions, IFR110, Nancy University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
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28
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De Zoysa M, Pushpamali WA, Oh C, Whang I, Kim SJ, Lee J. Transcriptional up-regulation of disk abalone selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase by H(2)O(2) oxidative stress and Vibrio alginolyticus bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 25:446-457. [PMID: 18722791 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) belongs to the family of selenoprotein, which acts mainly as an antioxidant in the cellular defence system. We have identified Se-GPx full length cDNA from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus) designated as AbSe-GPx. It has a characteristic codon at (223)TGA(225) that corresponds to selenocysteine (Sec) amino acid as U(75). The full length cDNA consists of 675 bp, an open reading frame encoding 225 amino acids. Sequence characterization revealed that AbSe-GPx contains a characteristic GPx signature motif 2 ((97)LGFPCNQF(104)), an active site motif ((183)WNFEKF(188)) and essential residues for the enzymatic function. Additionally, the eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) is conserved in the 3' UTR. The AbSe-GPx amino acid sequence exhibited the highest level of identity (46%) with insect (Ixodes scapularis) GPx, and shares 41% with bivalve (Unio tumidus) Se-GPx. The RT-PCR analysis revealed that AbSe-GPx mRNA was expressed constitutively in gill, mantle, gonad, abductor muscle, digestive tract, and hemocytes in a tissue specific manner. AbSe-GPx mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in gill and digestive tract tissues after H(2)O(2) injection and Vibrio alginolyticus infection. However, AbSe-GPx expression was not up-regulated after Aroclor 1,254 injection. These results indicate that AbSe-GPx mRNA is expressed at a basal level in abalone tissues, which can be up-regulated transcriptionally by H(2)O(2) oxidative stress and Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Therefore, AbSe-GPx may be involved in a protective role against H(2)O(2) oxidative stress and immune defence against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahanama De Zoysa
- Department of Biotechnology, Cheju National University, 66 Jejudaehakno, Ara-Dong, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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29
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Poggi V, Del Vescovo V, Di Sanza C, Negri R, Hochkoeppler A. Selenite transiently represses transcription of photosynthesis-related genes in potato leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 95:63-71. [PMID: 17846914 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A striking response of potato leaves to aspersion with selenite was observed at the transcriptional level by means of cDNA microarrays analysis. This response is characterized by a general transient repression of genes coding for components of photosynthetic systems and of other light-regulated genes. In particular, maximal repression was observed 8 h after selenite aspersion, while 24 h after the treatment a complete recovery of normal transcriptional levels was detected. Another general feature of the transcriptional response to selenite is represented by the transcriptional induction of genes related to amino acid metabolism, and to stress defense; interestingly, two genes coding for glutathione S-transferases were found early-induced upon selenite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Poggi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna (I), 40136, Italy
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30
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Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs, EC 1.11.1.9) were first discovered in mammals as key enzymes involved in scavenging of activated oxygen species (AOS). Their efficient antioxidant activity depends on the presence of the rare amino-acid residue selenocysteine (SeCys) at the catalytic site. Nonselenium GPX-like proteins (NS-GPXs) with a Cys residue instead of SeCys have also been found in most organisms. As SeCys is important for GPX activity, the function of the NS-GPX can be questioned. Here, we highlight the evolutionary link between NS-GPX and seleno-GPX, particularly the evolution of the SeCys incorporation system. We then discuss what is known about the enzymatic activity and physiological functions of NS-GPX. Biochemical studies have shown that NS-GPXs are not true GPXs; notably they reduce AOS using reducing substrates other than glutathione, such as thioredoxin. We provide evidence that, in addition to their inefficient scavenging action, NS-GPXs act as AOS sensors in various signal-transduction pathways.
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31
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Navrot N, Collin V, Gualberto J, Gelhaye E, Hirasawa M, Rey P, Knaff DB, Issakidis E, Jacquot JP, Rouhier N. Plant glutathione peroxidases are functional peroxiredoxins distributed in several subcellular compartments and regulated during biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 142:1364-79. [PMID: 17071643 PMCID: PMC1676047 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.089458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We provide here an exhaustive overview of the glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Gpx) family of poplar (Populus trichocarpa). Although these proteins were initially defined as GSH dependent, in fact they use only reduced thioredoxin (Trx) for their regeneration and do not react with GSH or glutaredoxin, constituting a fifth class of peroxiredoxins. The two chloroplastic Gpxs display a marked selectivity toward their electron donors, being exclusively specific for Trxs of the y type for their reduction. In contrast, poplar Gpxs are much less specific with regard to their electron-accepting substrates, reducing hydrogen peroxide and more complex hydroperoxides equally well. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that the catalytic mechanism and the Trx-mediated recycling process involve only two (cysteine [Cys]-107 and Cys-155) of the three conserved Cys, which form a disulfide bridge with an oxidation-redox midpoint potential of -295 mV. The reduction/formation of this disulfide is detected both by a shift on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or by measuring the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the protein. The six genes identified coding for Gpxs are expressed in various poplar organs, and two of them are localized in the chloroplast, with one colocalizing in mitochondria, suggesting a broad distribution of Gpxs in plant cells. The abundance of some Gpxs is modified in plants subjected to environmental constraints, generally increasing during fungal infection, water deficit, and metal stress, and decreasing during photooxidative stress, showing that Gpx proteins are involved in the response to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Navrot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Université Henri Poincaré 1136, Université Henri Poincaré, 54506 Vandoeuvre cedex, France
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32
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Yang XD, Dong CJ, Liu JY. A plant mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase: its precise localization and higher enzymatic activity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 62:951-62. [PMID: 16944266 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-9068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel cDNA of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), which encodes a functional protein capable of complementing the yeast PHGHX-deletion mutant, was recently discovered in radish (Raphanus sativus) and designated as RsPHGPx [Yang X-D, Li W-J, Liu J-Y (2005) Biochim Biophys Acta 1728:199-205]. Sequence alignment suggested that RsPHGPx contains a targeting peptide required for transport to mitochondria, but the experimental evidence for the exact intracellular distribution of RsPHGPx remains to be elucidated. To uncover the cellular localization of plant PHGPx, we first investigated RsPHGPx's intracellular distribution. Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions using the RsPHGPx antiserum clearly indicated the distribution of RsPHGPx in the radish mitochondrial fraction. Furthermore, a construct expressing the RsPHGPx precursor tagged with green fluorescent protein was introduced into tobacco and yeast cells, and the fusion protein was transported into both mitochondria, indicating that RsPHGPx was indeed localized in mitochondria. To explore the biochemical functions of this enzyme, we tested the enzymatic activity of the recombinant RsPHGPx protein. It displayed GSH-dependent peroxidase activity and exhibited the largest affinity to and the highest catalytic efficiency on phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide, suggesting that phospholipid hydroperoxide is probably the optimum substrate for RsPHGPx. Furthermore, RsPHGPx showed a much higher V (max) value, by two orders of magnitude, than those of all other known plant PHGPxs. Taken together, these results showed evidence for the first time of mitochondrial localization and higher activity of PHGPx in plants and provided a framework for continued studies on the physiological functions of RsPHGPx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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33
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Iqbal A, Yabuta Y, Takeda T, Nakano Y, Shigeoka S. Hydroperoxide reduction by thioredoxin-specific glutathione peroxidase isoenzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS J 2006; 273:5589-97. [PMID: 17096689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana contains eight glutathione peroxidase (GPX) homologs (AtGPX1-8). Four mature GPX isoenzymes with different subcellular distributions, AtGPX1, -2, -5 and -6, were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. Interestingly, these recombinant proteins were able to reduce H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide, phosphatidylcholine and linoleic acid hydroperoxides using thioredoxin but not glutathione or NADPH as an electron donor. The reduction activities of the recombinant proteins with H2O2 were 2-7 times higher than those with cumene hydroperoxide. Km values for thioredoxin and H2O2 were 2.2-4.0 and 14.0-25.4 microM, respectively. These finding suggest that GPX isoenzymes may function to detoxify H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides using thioredoxin in vivo and may also be involved in regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis by maintaining the thiol/disulfide or NADPH/NADP balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqib Iqbal
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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34
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Miao Y, Lv D, Wang P, Wang XC, Chen J, Miao C, Song CP. An Arabidopsis glutathione peroxidase functions as both a redox transducer and a scavenger in abscisic acid and drought stress responses. THE PLANT CELL 2006; 18:2749-66. [PMID: 16998070 PMCID: PMC1626619 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.044230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We isolated two T-DNA insertion mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE3 (ATGPX3) that exhibited a higher rate of water loss under drought stress, higher sensitivity to H(2)O(2) treatment during seed germination and seedling development, and enhanced production of H(2)O(2) in guard cells. By contrast, lines engineered to overexpress ATGPX3 were less sensitive to drought stress than the wild type and displayed less transpirational water loss, which resulted in higher leaf surface temperature. The atgpx3 mutation also disrupted abscisic acid (ABA) activation of calcium channels and the expression of ABA- and stress-responsive genes. ATGPX3 physically interacted with the 2C-type protein phosphatase ABA INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2) and, to a lesser extent, with ABI1. In addition, the redox states of both ATGPX3 and ABI2 were found to be regulated by H(2)O(2). The phosphatase activity of ABI2, measured in vitro, was reduced approximately fivefold by the addition of oxidized ATGPX3. The reduced form of ABI2 was converted to the oxidized form by the addition of oxidized ATGPX3 in vitro, which might mediate ABA and oxidative signaling. These results suggest that ATGPX3 might play dual and distinctive roles in H(2)O(2) homeostasis, acting as a general scavenger and specifically relaying the H(2)O(2) signal as an oxidative signal transducer in ABA and drought stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Miao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Curto M, Camafeita E, Lopez JA, Maldonado AM, Rubiales D, Jorrín JV. A proteomic approach to study pea (Pisum sativum) responses to powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi). Proteomics 2006; 6 Suppl 1:S163-74. [PMID: 16511815 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a global approach to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in pea resistance to Erysiphe pisi, changes in the leaf proteome of two pea genotypes differing in their resistance phenotype were analyzed by a combination of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Leaf proteins from control non-inoculated and inoculated susceptible (Messire) and resistant (JI2480) plants were resolved by 2-DE, with IEF in the 5-8 pH range and SDS-PAGE on 12% gels. CBB-stained gels revealed the existence of quantitative and qualitative differences between extracts from: (i) non-inoculated leaves of both genotypes (77 spots); (ii) inoculated and non-inoculated Messire leaves (19 spots); and (iii) inoculated and non-inoculated JI2480 leaves (12 spots). Some of the differential spots have been identified, after MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and database searching, as proteins belonging to several functional categories, including photosynthesis and carbon metabolism, energy production, stress and defense, protein synthesis and degradation and signal transduction. Results are discussed in terms of constitutive and induced elements involved in pea resistance against Erysiphe pisi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Curto
- Agricultural and Plant Biochemistry Research Group, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Herbette S, Menn AL, Rousselle P, Ameglio T, Faltin Z, Branlard G, Eshdat Y, Julien JL, Drevet JR, Roeckel-Drevet P. Modification of photosynthetic regulation in tomato overexpressing glutathione peroxidase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1724:108-18. [PMID: 15921856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2004] [Revised: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the function of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in plants, we produced transgenic tomato plants overexpressing an eukaryotic selenium-independent GPX (GPX5). We show here that total GPX activity was increased by 50% in transgenic plants, when compared to control plants transformed with the binary vector without the insert (PZP111). A preliminary two-dimensional electrophoretic protein analysis of the GPX overexpressing plants showed notably a decrease in the accumulation of proteins identified as rubisco small subunit 1 and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, two proteins involved in photosynthesis. These observations, together with the fact that in standard culture conditions, GPX-overexpressing plants were not phenotypically distinct from control plants prompted us to challenge the plants with a chilling treatment that is known to affect photosynthesis activity. We found that upon chilling treatment with low light level, photosynthesis was not affected in GPX-overexpressing plants while it was in control plants, as revealed by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activity. These results suggest that overexpression of a selenium-independent GPX in tomato plants modifies specifically gene expression and leads to modifications of photosynthetic regulation processes.
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Ben Rejeb I, Lenne C, Leblanc N, Julien JL, Ammar S, Bouzid S, Ayadi A. Iron-superoxide dismutase and monodehydroascorbate reductase transcripts accumulate in response to internode rubbing in tomato. C R Biol 2005; 327:679-86. [PMID: 15344817 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding an iron-superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) was isolated by RACE-PCR from a Lycopersicon esculentum cDNA library. The Fe-SOD cDNA consists of a 746-bp open reading frame and is predicted to encode a protein of 249 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 27.9 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence was very similar to other plant Fe-SODs and a potential chloroplastic targeting was found. To study the induction of oxidative burst in response to mechanical stimulation, the accumulation of Fe-SOD and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) mRNAs was analysed in response to young growing internode rubbing in tomato plants. Northern analyses show that Fe-SOD mRNA and MDHAR mRNA accumulated in tomato internodes 10 min after the mechanical stimulation. These results suggest that reactive oxygen species are early involved in the response of a plant to a mechanical stimulation, such as rubbing. The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the NCBI Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession number AY262025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichrak Ben Rejeb
- Laboratoire de biologie et physiologie végétales, département de biologie, faculté des sciences de Tunis, campus universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Yang XD, Li WJ, Liu JY. Isolation and characterization of a novel PHGPx gene in Raphanus sativus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1728:199-205. [PMID: 15777688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 01/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding putative phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) was cloned from Raphanus sativus. The cDNA, designated RsPHGPx, includes an open reading frame which encodes 197 amino acid residues. The alignment of amino acid sequences showed that RsPHGPx had the highest sequence homology to plant PHGPx and contained an N-terminal extension characteristic of a mitochondrial targeting peptide. Northern blot analysis indicated that RsPHGPx was constitutively and ubiquitously expressed during radish development, and its expression was differently regulated by various stress conditions. The expression of RsPHGPx in a yeast PHGPx-deletion mutant significantly rescued the mutant sensitivity to oxidation-sensitive linolenic acid, just as the yeast PHGPx3 gene did. This suggested that RsPHGPx encodes a functional PHGPx protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Teixeira FK, Menezes-Benavente L, Galvão VC, Margis-Pinheiro M. Multigene families encode the major enzymes of antioxidant metabolism in Eucalyptus grandis L. Genet Mol Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572005000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Avsian-Kretchmer O, Gueta-Dahan Y, Lev-Yadun S, Gollop R, Ben-Hayyim G. The salt-stress signal transduction pathway that activates the gpx1 promoter is mediated by intracellular H2O2, different from the pathway induced by extracellular H2O2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 135:1685-96. [PMID: 15247370 PMCID: PMC519082 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.041921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 05/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several genes encoding putative glutathione peroxidase have been isolated from a variety of plants, all of which show the highest homology to the phospholipid hydroperoxide isoform. Several observations suggest that the proteins are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Previous studies on the regulation of gpx1, the Citrus sinensis gene encoding phospholipid hydroperoxide isoform, led to the conclusion that salt-induced expression of gpx1 transcript and its encoded protein is mediated by oxidative stress. In this paper, we describe the induction of gpx1 promoter:uidA fusions in stable transformants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultured cells and plants. We show that the induction of gpx1 by salt and oxidative stress occurs at the transcriptional level. gpx1 promoter analysis confirmed our previous assumption that the salt signal is transduced via oxidative stress. We used induction of the fusion construct to achieve better insight into, and to monitor salt-induced oxidative stress. The gpx1 promoter responded preferentially to oxidative stress in the form of hydrogen peroxide, rather than to superoxide-generating agents. Antioxidants abolished the salt-induced expression of gpx1 promoter, but were unable to eliminate the induction by H2O2. The commonly employed NADPH-oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride and catalase inhibited the H2O2-induced expression of gpx1 promoter, but did not affect its induction by salt. Our results led us to conclude that salt induces oxidative stress in the form of H2O2, its production occurs in the intracellular space, and its signal transduction pathway activating the gpx1 promoter is different from the pathway induced by extracellular H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Avsian-Kretchmer
- Department of Fruit-Tree Breeding and Molecular Genetics, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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41
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Chen S, Vaghchhipawala Z, Li W, Asard H, Dickman MB. Tomato phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase inhibits cell death induced by Bax and oxidative stresses in yeast and plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 135:1630-41. [PMID: 15235116 PMCID: PMC519077 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.038091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a conditional life or death screen in yeast, we have isolated a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) gene encoding a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (LePHGPx). The protein displayed reduced glutathione-dependent phospholipid hydroperoxide peroxidase activity, but differs from counterpart mammalian enzymes that instead contain an active seleno-Cys. LePHGPx functioned as a cytoprotector in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), preventing Bax, hydrogen peroxide, and heat stress induced cell death, while also delaying yeast senescence. When tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves were exposed to lethal levels of salt and heat stress, features associated with mammalian apoptosis were observed. Importantly, transient expression of LePHGPx protected tobacco leaves from salt and heat stress and suppressed the apoptotic-like features. As has been reported, conditional expression of Bax was lethal in tobacco, resulting in tissue collapse and membrane permeability to Evans blue. When LePHGPx was coexpressed with Bax, little cell death and no vital staining were observed. Moreover, stable expression of LePHGPx in tobacco conferred protection against the fungal phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Taken together, our data indicated that LePHGPx can protect plant tissue from a variety of stresses. Moreover, functional screens in yeast are a viable tool for the identification of plant genes that regulate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
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42
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Sreenivasulu N, Miranda M, Prakash HS, Wobus U, Weschke W. Transcriptome changes in foxtail millet genotypes at high salinity: identification and characterization of a PHGPX gene specifically upregulated by NaCl in a salt-tolerant line. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 161:467-77. [PMID: 15128034 DOI: 10.1078/0176-1617-01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using a macro array filter with 711 cDNA inserts representing 620 unigenes selected from a barley EST collection, we identified transcripts differentially expressed in salt (NaCl)-treated tolerant (cv. Prasad) and sensitive (cv. Lepakshi) seedlings of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). Transcripts of hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes such as phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase 1 (CAT1) in addition to some genes of cellular metabolism were found to be especially up-regulated at high salinity in the tolerant line. To analyse this process at the protein level we examined protein expression patterns under various stress conditions. A 25 kD protein with a pI of 4.8 was found to be induced prominently under high salt concentrations (250 mmol/L). This salt-induced 25 kD protein has been purified and identified by peptide sequencing as PHGPX protein. The increase of the PHGPX protein level under salt stress in the tolerant line parallels the PHGPX mRNA results of array analysis but was more pronounced. We cloned and characterized the foxtail millet PHGPX cDNA, which shows 85% and 95% homology at the DNA and protein level, respectively, to one stress-induced member of the small barley PHGPX gene family encoding non-selenium glutathione peroxidases. As shown by Southern blot analysis, a small family of PHGPX genes exists in foxtail millet, too. The specific expression pattern of the PHGPX gene in salt-induced tolerant millet seedlings suggests that its product plays an important role in the defense reaction against salt-induced oxidative damage and that the characterized glutathione peroxidase is one of the components conferring resistance against salt to the tolerant foxtail millet cultivar.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Genotype
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Setaria Plant/drug effects
- Setaria Plant/enzymology
- Setaria Plant/genetics
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Sreenivasulu
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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43
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Abstract
Spermatozoa are very specialized cells, dedicated to fertilization of the oocyte. The attainment of this biological role is partly due to the fusogenic properties of the sperm plasma membrane, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). This predominance of PUFA renders spermatozoa highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation due to attacks from reactive oxygen species (ROS). These attacks ultimately lead to the impairment of sperm function through oxidative stress. Despite such disruptive effects, it should be also emphasized that these molecules also play an important positive, physiological role in the regulation of sperm physiology through their participation in apoptosis and the signal transduction cascades that control sperm maturation and capacitation. In this article, the different sources of ROS are examined and then the antioxidant strategies that protect these cells during epididymal transit are reviewed. While the major focus is on the involvement of glutathione peroxidase in this process, consideration will also be given to a range of additional antioxidant enzymes (catalase, indolamine dioxygenase and superoxide dismutase) that have evolved to protect spermatozoa during this extremely vulnerable phase in their life history. Besides the classical enzymatic roles of these enzymes in recycling ROS, additional features are discussed in the light of contraceptive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vernet
- Laboratoire Epididyme et Maturation du Gamète Mâle, UMR 6547 CNRS/UBP, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France.
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44
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Yoshimura K, Miyao K, Gaber A, Takeda T, Kanaboshi H, Miyasaka H, Shigeoka S. Enhancement of stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing Chlamydomonas glutathione peroxidase in chloroplasts or cytosol. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 37:21-33. [PMID: 14675429 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the physiological potential of the defense system against hydroperoxidation of membrane-lipid components caused by environmental stresses in higher plants, we generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing a glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-like protein in the cytosol (TcGPX) or chloroplasts (TpGPX). The activities toward alpha-linolenic acid hydroperoxide in TcGPX and TpGPX plants were 47.5-75.3 and 32.7-42.1 nM min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively, while no activity was detected in wild-type plants. The transgenic plants showed increased tolerance to oxidative stress caused by application of methylviologen (MV: 50 microM) under moderate light intensity (200 micro E m(-2) sec(-1)), chilling stress under high light intensity (4 degrees C, 1000 microE m(-2) sec(-1)), or salt stress (250 mM NaCl). Under these stresses, the lipid hydroperoxidation (the production of malondialdehyde (MDA)) of the leaves of TcGPX and TpGPX plants was clearly suppressed compared with that of wild-type plants. Furthermore, the capacity of the photosynthetic and antioxidative systems in the transgenic plants remained higher than those of wild-type plants under chilling or salt stress. These results clearly indicate that a high level of GPX-like protein in tobacco plants functions to remove unsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides generated in cellular membranes under stress conditions, leading to the maintenance of membrane integrity and increased tolerance to oxidative stress caused by various stress conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Adaptation, Physiological/radiation effects
- Algal Proteins/genetics
- Algal Proteins/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Chlamydomonas/enzymology
- Chloroplasts/enzymology
- Cold Temperature
- Cytoplasm/enzymology
- Cytosol/enzymology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Light
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Lipid Peroxidation/physiology
- Lipid Peroxidation/radiation effects
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Oxidative Stress/radiation effects
- Paraquat/pharmacology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/drug effects
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/radiation effects
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yoshimura
- Advanced Life Science, Graduate School, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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45
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Rodriguez Milla MA, Maurer A, Rodriguez Huete A, Gustafson JP. Glutathione peroxidase genes in Arabidopsis are ubiquitous and regulated by abiotic stresses through diverse signaling pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 36:602-15. [PMID: 14617062 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presence of GPXs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. A family of seven related proteins named AtGPX1- AtGPX7 in Arabidopsis was identified, and the genomic organization of this family was reported. The putative subcellular localizations of the encoded proteins are the cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for all the genes except AtGPX7 were identified. Expression analysis of AtGPX genes in Arabidopsis tissues was performed, and different patterns were detected. Interestingly, several genes were up-regulated coordinately in response to abiotic stresses. AtGPX6, like human phospholipid hydroperoxide GPX (PHGPX), possibly encodes mitochondrial and cytosolic isoforms by alternative initiation. In addition, this gene showed the strongest responses under most abiotic stresses tested. AtGPX6::GUS analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that AtGPX6 is highly expressed throughout development in most tissues, thus supporting an important role for this gene in protection against oxidative damage. The different effects of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin on the expression of the genes indicate that the AtGPX family is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Analysis of the upstream region of the AtGPX genes revealed the presence of multiple conserved motifs, and some of them resembled antioxidant-responsive elements found in plant and human promoters. The potential regulatory role of specific sequences is discussed.
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46
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Sugimoto M, Takeda K. Structure and function of a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase-like protein from barley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Takeda T, Miyao K, Tamoi M, Kanaboshi H, Miyasaka H, Shigeoka S. Molecular characterization of glutathione peroxidase-like protein in halotolerant Chlamydomonas sp. W80. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2003; 117:467-475. [PMID: 12675737 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding a glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-like protein was isolated from the cDNA library from halotolerant Chlamydomonas W80 (C. W80) by a simple screening method based on the bacterial expression system. The cDNA clone contained an open reading frame encoding a mature protein of 163 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 18 267 Da. No potential signal peptide was found. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA showed 40-63% and 37-46% homology to those of GPX-like proteins from higher plants and mammalian GPXs, respectively. The C. W80 GPX-like protein contained a normal cysteine residue instead of a selenocysteine at the catalytic site. However, it contained amino acid residues (glutamine and tryptophan) that are involved in three protein loops and are important for the catalytic activity in the mammalian GPX. Interestingly, the native and recombinant GPX-like proteins showed activities towards unsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides, but not towards either H2O2 or phospholipid hydroperoxide. Transformed E. coli cells expressing the C. W80 GPX-like protein showed enhanced tolerance to 5% NaCl or 0.2 mM paraquat treatments. Accession number: The nucleotide sequence data reported have been submitted to the DDBJ, EMBL, and GenBank nucleotide sequence databases with the following accession number AB009083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takeda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan Kansai Electric Power Company, Technical Research Centre, Nyakuoji 3-11-20, Amagasaki 661-0974, Japan
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48
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Kurama EE, Fenille RC, Rosa VE, Rosa DD, Ulian EC. Mining the enzymes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sugarcane. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2002; 3:251-259. [PMID: 20569332 DOI: 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2002.00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Summary Adopting the sequencing of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of a sugarcane database derived from libraries induced and not induced by pathogens, we identified EST clusters homologous to genes corresponding to enzymes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. The predicted amino acids of these enzymes are superoxide dismutases (SODs), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalases. Three MnSOD mitochondrial precursors and 10 CuZnSOD were identified in sugarcane: the MnSOD mitochondrial precursor is 96% similar to the maize MnSOD mitochondrial precursor and, of the 10 CuZnSOD identified, seven were 98% identical to maize cytosolic CuZnSOD4 and one was 67% identical to putative peroxisomal CuZnSOD from Arabidopsis. Three homologues to class Phi GST were 87-88% identical to GST III from maize. Five GPX homologues were identified: three were homologous to cytosolic GPX from barley, one was 88% identical to phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) from rice, and the last was 71% identical to GPX from A. thaliana. Three enzymes similar to maize catalase were identified in sugarcane: two were similar to catalase isozyme 3 and catalase chain 3 from maize, which are mitochondrial, and one was similar to catalase isozyme 1 from maize, whose location is peroxisomal subcellular. All enzymes were induced in all sugarcane libraries (flower, seed, root, callus, leaves) and also in the pathogen-induced libraries, except for CuZnSOD whose cDNA was detected in none of the libraries induced by pathogens (Acetobacter diazotroficans and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans). The expression of the enzymes SOD, GST, GPX, and catalases involved in the detoxification was examined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in cDNA from leaves of sugarcane under biotic stress conditions, inoculated with Puccinia melanocephala, the causal agent of sugarcane rust disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko E Kurama
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal-Setor Defesa Fitossanitária, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, CP 237, 18603-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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49
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Herbette S, Lenne C, Leblanc N, Julien JL, Drevet JR, Roeckel-Drevet P. Two GPX-like proteins from Lycopersicon esculentum and Helianthus annuus are antioxidant enzymes with phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin peroxidase activities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:2414-20. [PMID: 11985625 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the enzymatic function of two putative plant GPXs, GPXle1 from Lycopersicon esculentum and GPXha2 from Helianthus annuus, which show sequence identities with the mammalian phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX). Both purified recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli show PHGPX activity by reducing alkyl, fatty acid and phospholipid hydroperoxides but not hydrogen peroxide in the presence of glutathione. Interestingly, both recombinant GPXle1 and GPXha2 proteins also reduce alkyl, fatty acid and phospholipid hydroperoxides as well as hydrogen peroxide using thioredoxin as reducing substrate. Moreover, thioredoxin peroxidase (TPX) activities were found to be higher than PHGPX activities in terms of efficiency and substrate affinities, as revealed by their respective Vmax and Km values. We therefore conclude that these two plant GPX-like proteins are antioxidant enzymes showing PHGPX and TPX activities.
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50
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Hirata T, Ashida Y, Mori H, Yoshinaga D, Goad LJ. A 37-kDa peroxidase secreted from liverworts in response to chemical stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2000; 55:197-202. [PMID: 11142842 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A peroxidase was purified from the culture medium of a suspension culture of Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort) after treatment with bornyl acetate, which acts as a chemical stress agent to the cells. The peroxidase was characterised as a glycoprotein of molecular mass 37-kDa having a pl of about 10 and an optimal pH of 6.5. The peroxidase was thermally stable at 50 degrees C for up to 60 min. The partial amino acid sequence of the peroxidase was determined and found to be dissimilar to the amino acid sequences of other higher plant peroxidases. The oxidative polymerization of lunularin by this peroxidase was examined and the formation of a dimer, a trimer and a tetramer was demonstrated by negative ion Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB)-mass spectroscopy of the reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirata
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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