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Wang Y, Yu D, Zhu S, Du X, Wang X. The genus Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118069. [PMID: 38552992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Dioscorea, a member of the Dioscoreaceae family, comprises approximately 600 species and is widely distributed across temperate and tropical regions such as Asia, South Africa, and North America. The traditional medicinal uses of Dioscorea have been documented in Asian and African pharmacological systems. In Asia, this genus is traditionally used to treat respiratory illnesses, rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, and other conditions. In Africa, this genus has been used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and ring worms. However, the traditional medicinal practices in North America rarely mention the use of this genus. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to comprehensively review the genus Dioscorea, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. The research also aims to highlight the valuable bioactive compounds within Dioscorea and emphasize the need for further investigations into acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors to contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search for available information on Dioscorea was conducted using scientific databases, including PubMed, ISI-WOS, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as recent academic publications from reputable publishers and other literature sources. The search was not limited by language and spanned the literature published between 1950 and 2022. RESULTS This article provides a comprehensive review of the Dioscorea genus, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. Extensive research has been conducted on this genus, resulting in the isolation and examination of over 1000 compounds, including steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, to determine their biological activities. These activities include anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, some studies have indicated the potential toxicity of high doses of Dioscorea, highlighting the need for further investigations to assess the safety of this genus. Additionally, this review explores potential avenues for future research and discusses the challenges associated with a comprehensive understanding of the Dioscorea genus. CONCLUSIONS Based on the existing literature, it can be concluded that Dioscorea is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that have the potential to treat various disorders. Future research should prioritize the investigation of acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the Dioscorea genus, emphasizing its potential to enable a deeper exploration of the biological activity mechanisms of these plants and contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shaojie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Xijun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Niu X, Shi Y, Teng L, Lv C, Lu J. Two new dammarane-type saponins from radix and rhizomes of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1463-1470. [PMID: 36503373 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2150848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides elucidated as 6-O-[α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3β, 6α, 12β, 20S-tetraol, named 20(S)-Ginsenoside Re10 (4); 6-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3β, 6α, 12β, 20R-tetraol, named 20(R)-Ginsenoside Re11 (8); along with one steroidal saponin (1) and six known triterpenoid ginsenosides (2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9) were isolated from the radix and rhizomes of mountain-cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, family Araliaceae). Their structures were determined by comprehensive chemical and spectroscopic analysis. In addition, what's even more concerning is that protodioscin was isolated for the first time from Panax ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Niu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinuo Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linxuan Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongning Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jincai Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Cho SY, Kim Y, Hwang H, Kwon Y, Son SR, Baek JG, Park I, Kang YJ, Rhee H, Kwon HC, Kwon J, Kim WK, Jang DS. Saponins Derived from the Korean Endemic Plant Heloniopsis koreana Inhibit Diffuse-type Gastric Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48019-48027. [PMID: 38144078 PMCID: PMC10734036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC) is a type of stomach cancer that occurs in small clusters of cells that are widely spread. It does not typically manifest with symptoms until the advanced stages and often goes undetected in routine imaging tests. In addition, there is no specific targeted therapy for diffuse-type GC and it has a high mortality risk. Hence, it is worthwhile to discover molecules against this cancer. In this study, the extract of Heloniopsis koreana, which is endemic to Korea, exhibited cytotoxicity against two diffuse-type GC cell lines, MKN1 and SNU668. This led to the isolation of 10 compounds, including a new cinnamic acid glycoside. Of the compounds, saponin Th (4) and SNF 11 (5) showed potent activities with IC50 values of 3.66 and 3.85 μM, respectively, in MKN1 cells, and 1.8 and 1.98 μM, respectively, in SNU668 cells. These compounds prevented cancer cell division, invasion, and colony formation in both cell lines. In addition, these compounds induced cancer cell death through conventional cell death pathways, showing an increase in ADP-ribose polymerase, caspase 3, and BAX and a decrease in BCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Cho
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division
of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseong Hwang
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kwon
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division
of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ri Son
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Gwon Baek
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Kang
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjin Rhee
- Department
of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Center for
Clinical Imaging Data Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division
of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyu Kim
- KIST
Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju
College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Xue X, Jin R, Jiao Q, Li X, Li P, Shen G, Shi S, Huang Z, Zhang S, Dai Y. Differentiation of Three Asparagus Species by UHPLC-MS/MS based molecular networking identification and chemical profile analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim JY, Choi HY, Kim HM, Choi JH, Jang DS. A Novel Cytotoxic Steroidal Saponin from the Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102067. [PMID: 34685880 PMCID: PMC8538803 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A new steroidal saponin, 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-ene-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-(1−4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1−2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1−4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside [asparacochioside A (1)] was isolated from a hot water extract of the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis, together with the known steroidal saponins protodioscin (2), methyl protodioscin (3), aspacochioside A (4), aspacochioside C (5), 15−hydroxypseudoprotodioscin (6), and chamaedroside E (7). The structure of the new compound 1 was determined by interpretation of its spectroscopic data (1D- and 2D-NMR and HR−Q−TOF−MS) and sugar analysis. The isolated compounds 1−7 were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and SKOV3). Asparacochioside A (1) exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against both A2780 and SKOV3 cells with IC50 values of 5.25 ± 2.2 and 46.82 ± 9.43 μM, respectively. Furthermore, asparacochioside A (1) significantly increased the percentage of Annexin V-positive cells (apoptotic cells), suggesting that asparacochioside A induces ovarian cancer cell death via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - He Yun Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Hye Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.C.); (D.S.J)
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.C.); (D.S.J)
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Steroidal Saponins Isolated from the Rhizome of Dioscorea tokoro Inhibit Cell Growth and Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080749. [PMID: 34440493 PMCID: PMC8400091 DOI: 10.3390/life11080749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our preliminary screening identified an extract from the rhizome of Dioscorea tokoro, which strongly suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and inhibited autophagy. This study aimed to isolate active compounds from the rhizome of D. tokoro that exert antiproliferative effects and inhibit autophagy. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the active fraction led to the isolation of two spirostan-type steroidal saponins, dioscin (1) and yamogenin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and the frostane-type steroidal saponin protodioscin (3) from the n-BuOH fraction. Furthermore, acid hydrolysis of 1 and 2 produced the aglycones diosgenin (4) and yamogenin (5), respectively. Compounds 1-5 suppressed proliferation of HepG2 cells. The analysis of structure-activity relationships indicated that the 25(R)-conformation, structures with a sugar moiety, and the spirostan-type aglycone moiety contributed to antiproliferative activity. Analysis of autophagy-related proteins demonstrated that 1-3 clearly increased the levels of both LC3-II and p62, implying that 1-3 deregulate the autophagic pathway by blocking autophagic flux, which results in p62 and LC3-II accumulation. In contrast, 1-3 did not significantly affect caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, suggesting that the antiproliferative activity of 1-3 occurred independently of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. In summary, our study showed that 1-3, active compounds in the rhizome of D. tokoro, suppressed cell proliferation and autophagy, and might be potential agents for autophagy research and cancer chemoprevention.
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Zhou S, Dong J, Liu Y, Yang Q, Xu N, Yang Y, Ai X. Antiparasitic Efficacy of Herbal Extracts and Active Compound Against Gyrodactylus kobayashii in Carassius auratus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:665072. [PMID: 33889606 PMCID: PMC8056006 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.665072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyrodactylus spp. Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) are common ectoparasites of teleost fishes. Infection with these parasites can increase the mortality of fish and cause considerable economic losses in intensive aquaculture. To find an effective antiparasitic agent for the control of gyrodactylosis, antiparasitic efficacy of crude extracts of 36 herbal medicines was evaluated using a Carassius auratus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)—Gyrodactylus kobayashii model. Among all tested medicines, methanol extract of Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca (Dioscoreales, Dioscoreaceae) was the most efficient, with an EC50 value of 4.17 mg/L. This extract showed 100% antiparasitic efficacy against G. kobayashii at 10 mg/L and had a therapeutic index (TI, LC50/EC50) of 5.26, which is higher than that of formaldehyde (TI = 4.58), a widely used parasiticide in aquaculture. Subsequently, the potential mechanism of antiparasitic activity of dioscin, an active compound isolated from D. collettii var. hypoglauca was investigated and the histopathological alterations in goldfish after exposure to dioscin were also studied. The in vivo trial indicated dioscin showed significant antiparasitic activity with a 24 h-EC50 value of 1.58 mg/L and it exhibited 100% antiparasitic efficacy at 0.6 mg/L. Also, G. kobayashii could be completely removed in vivo within 2 h at 0.6 mg/L dioscin. Whereas, mean survival time of this worm in vitro was 4.99 h, and some individuals even reached 12 h at the same concentration of dioscin. These results indicated that 0.6 mg/L of dioscin did not completely kill all worms within 2 h, but just temporarily remove the worms from goldfish. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that most of the microvilli on the tegument surface of G. kobayashii dropped after exposure to dioscin. This might be one of the potential mechanisms of antiparasitic activity of dioscin against G. kobayashii. Furthermore, no severe histopathological alteration was observed after exposure to a high concentration of dioscin for a short time. Considering both effectiveness and safety, therapeutic baths with a high concentration of dioscin for a short time might be a more optimal choice for the treatment of gyrodactylosis in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Hu Bei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, China
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Pang X, Gao L, Wang B, Chen XJ, Zhang J, Guo BL, Ma BP. New steroidal glycosides from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2021; 23:205-216. [PMID: 33459045 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1873956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins were the main active constituents of the traditional medicinal herb Asparagus cochinchinensis. A phytochemical investigation of A. cochinchinensis roots led to the isolation of nine new steroidal glycosides (1-9) and seven known analogues (10-16). Their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses as well as necessary chemical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bao-Lin Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Guan L, Ju B, Zhao M, Zhu H, Chen L, Wang R, Gao H, Wang Z. Influence of drying process on furostanoside and spirostanoside profiles of Paridis Rhizoma by combination of HPLC, UPLC and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analyses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 197:113932. [PMID: 33618136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drying method is one of the important factors affecting quality of traditional Chinese medicine. To study the effect of shaded drying and hot air drying on steroidal saponins of Paridis Rhizoma (PR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to investigate the difference of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC) samples treated by different methods, and then, a rapid and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was established to quantitatively analyze the content change of ten steroidal saponins. Hot air drying at 50 ℃ could obviously improve the content of polyphyllin Ⅶ, 17-hydroxygracillin and polyphyllin H, which were major steroidal saponins in PPC. Based on that, the main component changes induced by different drying methods were further analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), and the structural identification of varied components revealed that hot air drying could promote the transformation of proto-pennogenyl glycosides to pennogenyl glycosides. This phenomenon was also found in other plants of genus Paris rich in diosgenyl glycosides. The present study provided a useful method for improving quality of PR and valuable information for TCM containing steroidal saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Boya Ju
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Houda Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Liangmian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Zhang DB, Wei XY. Steroidal Glycosides from Allium tuberosum Seeds and Their Roles in Promoting Testosterone Production of Rat Leydig Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225464. [PMID: 33266475 PMCID: PMC7700350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic phytochemical study on the components in the seeds of Allium tuberosum was performed, leading to the isolation of 27 steroidal glycosides (SGs 1–27). The structures of SGs were identified mainly by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometries as well as the necessary chemical evidence. In the SGs, 1–10 and 22–26 are new steroidal saponin analogues. An in vitro bioassay indicates that 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 13–15, 20, 23, and 26 display promotional roles in testosterone production of rat Leydig cells with the EC50 values of 1.0 to 4.5 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China;
- Jiangsu Hanbon Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Huaian 223005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China;
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Correspondence:
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Ling Y, Chen L, Wang D, Xiao X, Xu W, Yan H, Yu H, Zhang Q, Qu W, Chen J, Ji X, Yu Q. Chemical profiling of Dioscorea septemloba by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:709-717. [PMID: 32676674 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The rhizomes of Dioscorea septemloba (DS) is one of traditional Chinese medicine, which can be used for treatments of urethral and renal infections, as well as rheumatism. Nevertheless, detailed information on DS chemical compositions is still scarce. Therefore, the present work is aimed at investigating the phytochemical components of DS using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. The proposed method provided tentative identification of 32 components, 6 of which were determined to be new. The present study highlighted the importance of DS as a promising source of medicinal ingredients and provides valuable information on the new potential components in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ling
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Qianjin East Road 551, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
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12
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Dutt R, Garg V, Khatri N, Madan AK. Phytochemicals in Anticancer Drug Development. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:172-183. [PMID: 30398123 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181106115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of major technological advances in conventional therapies, cancer continues to remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Phytochemicals are gradually emerging as a rich source of effective but safer agents against many life-threatening diseases. METHODS Various phytochemicals with reported anticancer activity have been simply categorized into major phytoconstituents- alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. RESULTS The adverse effects associated with currently available anticancer medications may be overcome by using plant-derived compounds either alone or in combination. Exploration of plant kingdom may provide new leads for the accelerated development of new anticancer agents. CONCLUSION Although numerous potent synthetic drugs have been introduced for cancer chemotherapy, yet their serious toxicity concerns to normal cells apart from drug resistance have emerged as the major obstacles for their clinical utility over a prolonged duration of time. Current status and potential of phytochemicals and their derivatives in cancer therapy have been briefly reviewed in the present manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dutt
- Department of Pharmacy, G.D. Goenka University, Gurgaon-122103, India
| | - Vandana Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. D. University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Naveen Khatri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences Rohtak- 124001, India
| | - Anil K Madan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences Rohtak- 124001, India
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13
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An L, Yuan Y, Ma J, Wang H, Piao X, Ma J, Zhang J, Zhou L, Wu X. NMR-based metabolomics approach to investigate the distribution characteristics of metabolites in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun. Food Chem 2019; 298:125063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Zhou D, Li X, Chang W, Han Y, Liu B, Chen G, Li N. Antiproliferative steroidal glycosides from rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 164:172-183. [PMID: 31158602 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Screening assays showed that total glycoside-rich fraction (TG) of rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum unveiled remarkable anti-proliferative activities against three cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, and Caco2). Activity-guided isolation of TG afforded seven undescribed steroidal glycosides (polygonosides 1-7), along with 24 known glycosides. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and chemical evidence. The isolated steroidal glycosides were tested for their antiproliferative activities against A549, HepG2, and Caco2 cells. Compounds 8, 10, 11, and 16 possessed stronger anticancer activities against A549 cells than the positive control Bay (25.8 μM), with IC50 values ranging from 5.8 to 24.2 μM. Compound 10 reduced the expression of Blc-2 and pro-caspase3 and increased the production of Bax as determined by western blotting. Molecular docking experiment suggested that 10 bound stably to the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 protein by hydrogen bond interactions. These compounds could be candidates for anticancer agents with cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133000, PR China
| | - Wenhui Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yueqing Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Xie Y, Hu D, Zhong C, Liu KF, Fang E, Zhang YJ, Zhou C, Tian LW. Anti-inflammatory furostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Smilax china L. Steroids 2018; 140:70-76. [PMID: 30273696 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Seven new furostanol saponins (1-7), chongrenosides A-G, were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax china L., together with nine known furostanol saponins (8-16). The structures of the new furostanol saponins (1-7) were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS) and chemical evidence. Compounds 1-6 and 8-16 were evaluated for TNF-α mRNA expression inhibitory activity on LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Of them, 1, 4, 6, and 11 inhibited the TNF-α mRNA expression by 88%, 87%, 67%, and 93%, respectively, at the concentration of 10 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Deng Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Fei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - En Fang
- Xianning Institute of Drug Supervision and Inspection, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Li-Wen Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Sarvin B, Fedorova E, Shpigun O, Titova M, Nikitin M, Kochkin D, Rodin I, Stavrianidi A. LC-MS determination of steroidal glycosides from Dioscorea deltoidea Wall cell suspension culture: Optimization of pre-LC-MS procedure parameters by Latin Square design. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1080:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Kumar A, Maurya AK, Chand G, Agnihotri VK. Comparative metabolic profiling of Costus speciosus leaves and rhizomes using NMR, GC-MS and UPLC/ESI-MS/MS. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:826-833. [PMID: 28814124 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1365069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Costus speciosus had been used in oriental systems of medicines, to treat diverse ailments. The present study was focused on NMR, GC-MS and UPLC/ESI-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling of C. speciosus. This metabolic study resulted in the identification of 91 and quantification of 69 metabolites. Caffeic acid derivatives previously unreported in C. speciosus were also identified. High quantity of steroidal saponins namely methyl protogracillin (297.97 ± 0.07 mg/g dried wt.) and dioscin (158.72 ± 0.27 mg/g dried wt.) were observed in butanol fraction of rhizomes. Health care metabolites including caffeic acid (37.88 ± 0.04 mg/g dried wt.) and trehalose (75.12 ± 0.08 mg/g dried wt.) were also detected in ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of rhizomes, respectively. Metabolites of nutraceutical and biological significance including eremanthine (5.14 ± 0.68%, peak area), tocopherols (~22%), sterols (~25%) were also identified from hexane fractions of rhizomes and leaves using GC-MS. The analytical techniques used had successfully differentiated metabolites composition among leaves and rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- a Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India.,b Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
| | - Antim K Maurya
- b Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
| | - Gopi Chand
- c Biodiversity Division , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- a Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India.,b Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
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18
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Pérez AJ, Hussain SM, Pecio Ł, Kowalczyk M, Herling VR, Stochmal A. Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences between Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha, Two Similar Pastures with Different Toxicities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4686-4694. [PMID: 27192362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several species of Brachiaria (Poaceae) currently cover extensive grazing areas in Brazil, providing valuable source of feed for a large cattle population. However, numerous cases of toxicity outbreaks in livestock have raised concerns on safety of using these plants, especially B. decumbens. In this study, chemometric analysis of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-QTOF-MS) data has for the first time uncovered qualitative and quantitative differences between metabolomes of toxic B. decumbens and nontoxic B. brizantha. The steroidal saponin protoneodioscin was established as the main biomarker for B. decumbens when compared to B. brizantha, and therefore the key explanation for their phytochemical differentiation. Quantification of protodioscin in both plants showed no significant differences; consequently, the idea that this compound is solely responsible for toxicity outbreaks must be discarded. Instead, we propose that the added occurrence of its stereoisomer, protoneodioscin, in B. decumbens, can be considered as the probable cause of these events. Interestingly, the greatest concentrations of saponins for both species were reached during winter (B. decumbens = 53.6 ± 5.1 mg·g(-1) dry weight (D.W.); B. brizantha = 25.0 ± 1.9 mg·g(-1) D.W.) and spring (B. decumbens = 49.4 ± 5.0 mg·g(-1) D.W.; B. brizantha = 27.9 ± 1.4 mg·g(-1) D.W.), although in the case of B. decumbens these values do not vary significantly among seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Syeda M Hussain
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo , Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Valdo R Herling
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo , Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute , ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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Li X, Jing S, Man S, Li X, Zhao C, Wang Y, Gao W. A new acetylated spirostanol saponin and other constituents from the rhizomes of Dioscorea althaeoides R. Knuth (Dioscoreaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Wang W, Zhao Y, Jing W, Zhang J, Xiao H, Zha Q, Liu A. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry characterization of the steroidal saponins of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill and its application for accelerating the isolation and structural elucidation of steroidal saponins. Steroids 2015; 95:51-65. [PMID: 25575790 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorea panthaica is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used in the treatment of various physiological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, gastropathy and hypertension. Steroidal saponins (SS) are the main active ingredients of this herb and have effects on myocardial ischemia and cancer. The phytochemical evaluation of SS is both time-consuming and laborious, and the isolation and structural determination steps can be especially demanding. For this reason, the development of new methods to accelerate the processes involved in the identification, isolation and structural elucidation of SS is highly desirable. In this study, a new ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IT/MS(n)) method has been developed for the identification of the SS in D. panthaica Prain et Burkill. Notably, the current method can distinguish between spirostanol and furostanol-type compounds based on the fragmentation patterns observed by electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-IT/MS(n)) analysis. UHPLC-IT/MS(n) was used to conduct a detailed investigation of the number, structural class and order of the sugar moieties in the sugar chains of the SS present in D. panthaica. The established fragmentation features were used to analyze the compounds found in the 65% ethanol fraction of the water extracts of D. panthaica. Twenty-three SS were identified, including 11 potential new compounds and six groups of isomers. Two of these newly identified SS were selected as representative examples, and their chemical structures were confirmed by (1)H and (13)C NMR analyses. This newly developed UHPLC-IT/MS(n) method therefore allowed for the efficient identification, isolation and structural determination of the SS in D. panthaica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - Wenguang Jing
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - Qin Zha
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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21
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Zhang R, Gilbert S, Yao X, Vallance J, Steinbrecher K, Moriggl R, Zhang D, Eluri M, Chen H, Cao H, Shroyer N, Denson L, Han X. Natural compound methyl protodioscin protects against intestinal inflammation through modulation of intestinal immune responses. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00118. [PMID: 26038694 PMCID: PMC4448980 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscoreaceae, a kind of yam plant, has been recommended for treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. However, the mechanisms are poorly defined. Methyl protodioscin (MPD) is one of the main bioactive components in Dioscoreaceae. Here, we aim to determine the mechanisms by which MPD ameliorates intestinal inflammation. Surgical intestinal specimens were collected from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients to perform organ culture. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or Citrobacter rodentium, and was then treated with MPD. NF-κB activation, expression of mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokines, disease severity, and epithelial proliferation/apoptosis were determined. Mouse crypts and Caco-2 monolayers were cultured to observe the effect of MPD upon intestinal epithelial differentiation and barrier function. We found that MPD increased the percentage of survival from high-dose DSS-(4%) treated mice, and accelerated mucosal healing and epithelial proliferation in low-dose DSS-(2.5%) treated mice characterized by marked reduction in NF-κB activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and bacterial translocation. Consistently, MPD protected colonic mucosa from C. rodentium-induced colonic inflammation and bacterial colonization. In vitro studies showed that MPD significantly increased crypt formation and restored intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, MPD ameliorates the intestinal mucosal inflammation by modulating the intestinal immunity to enhance intestinal barrier differentiation. MPD could be an alternative for treating chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Zhang
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Shila Gilbert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jefferson Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kris Steinbrecher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Madhu Eluri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Huiqing Cao
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing, China
| | - Noah Shroyer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lee Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Bai Y, Qu XY, Yin JQ, Wu L, Jiang H, Long HW, Jia Q. Methyl protodioscin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:318-24. [PMID: 25210320 PMCID: PMC4159926 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methyl protodioscin (MPD) is a furostanol bisglycoside with antitumor properties. It has been shown to reduce proliferation, cause cell cycle arrest. Objective: The present study elucidates the mechanism underlying MPD's apoptotic effects, using the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: The human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was obtained from the Cell Bank of the Animal Experiment Center, North School Region, Sun Yat-Sen University. All of the cells were grown in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA), penicillin (10,000 U/l), and streptomycin (100 mg/l) at 37°C in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. The induction of apoptosis was observed in flow cytometry and fluorescent staining experiments. Results: MPD showed growth inhibitory effects in A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The significant G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effect were also seen in A549 cells treated with MPD. MPD-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bcl-2, p-Bad, and upregulation of Bax. Conclusion: Our results show that the induction of apoptosis by MPD involves multiple molecular pathways and strongly suggest that Bcl-2 family proteins signaling pathways. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspase-3 were also closely associated with MPD-induced apoptotic process in human A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Qu
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Yin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangcai Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Han-Wu Long
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
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23
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Liu W, Xu J, Wu S, Liu Y, Yu X, Chen J, Tang X, Wang Z, Zhu X, Li X. Selective anti-proliferation of HER2-positive breast cancer cells by anthocyanins identified by high-throughput screening. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81586. [PMID: 24312561 PMCID: PMC3849376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpressed Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drives the biology of 20% breast cancer and is a prediction of a poor prognosis for patients. HER2-targeted therapies significantly improve outcomes for HER2-positive patients. Traditional Chinese herbs/medicines have been used to treat breast cancer patients including HER2-positive patients in Asia for decades. Although the traditional medicines demonstrate efficacy in clinics for HER2-positive patients, the mechanism is largely unknown. In this article, we screened a 10,000 natural product library in 6 different cell lines representing breast cancer, and assessed the ability of each drug to cause cytotoxicity through a high-throughput screening approach. We have identified eight natural compounds that selectively inhibit the proliferation of HER2-positive cells. Two of the hit compounds, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyaniding-3-glucoside, are both extracts from black rice. They inhibit the phospho-HER2 and phospho-AKT and were confirmed to induce HER2-psotive breast cancer cells apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Peonidin-3-glucoside and cyaniding-3-glucoside treatments significantly reduced the tumor size and volume in vivo compared to the control group. There is no significant difference of antitumorgenic effects between peonidin-3-glucoside and cyaniding-3-glucoside treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinmei Xu
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Public Health, The Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Xindu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhu
- Department of Medical Image, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Administrative Office of Chengdu Medical College, The Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Dawid C, Hofmann T. Quantitation and bitter taste contribution of saponins in fresh and cooked white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). Food Chem 2013; 145:427-36. [PMID: 24128498 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method was developed enabling the simultaneous quantification of bitter-tasting mono- and bidesmosidic saponins in fresh and processed asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). Based on quantitative data and bitter taste recognition thresholds, dose-over-threshold factors were determined for the first time to determine the bitter impact of the individual saponins. Although 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25R/S)-spirost-5-ene-3β-ol was found based on dose-over-threshold factors to be the predominant bitter saponin in raw asparagus spears, 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)}-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25R)-22-hydroxyfurost-5-ene-3β,26-diol, 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)}-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-22-hydroxyfurost-5-ene-3β,26-diol, and (25R)- and (25S)-furost-5-en-3β,22,26-triol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were found as key bitter contributors after cooking. Interestingly, the monodesmosidic saponins 5a/b were demonstrated for the first time to be the major contributor to the bitter taste of fresh asparagus spears, while the bidesmosides 1a/b and 2a/b may be considered the primary determinants for the bitter taste of cooked asparagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Liese-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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26
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Cytoprotective effect of Smilax zeylanica Linn. leaves against Benzo[a]pyrene induced lung cancer with reference to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in Swiss albino mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-013-0114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Liu T, Yu H, Liu C, Bao Y, Hu X, Wang Y, Liu B, Fu Y, Tang S, Jin F. Preparation of progenin III from total steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino using a crude enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae strain. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:427-36. [PMID: 23471779 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Progenin III, one of the most active spirostanol saponins, is a potential candidate for anti-cancer therapy due to its strong antitumor activity and low hemolytic activity. However, the concentration of progenin III is extremely low in natural Dioscorea plants. In this paper, the progenin III production from total steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino was studied using the crude enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae DLFCC-38. The crude enzyme converting total steroidal saponins into progenin III was obtained from the A. oryzae DLFCC-38 culture. For enzyme production, the strain was cultured for 72 h at 30 °C with shaking at 150 rpm in 5 % (w/v) malt extract medium containing 2 % (v/v) extract of D. nipponica as the enzyme inducer. The crude enzyme converted total steroidal saponins into major progenin III with a high yield when the reaction was carried out for 9 h at 50 °C and pH 5.0 with the 20 mg/ml of substrate. In the preparation of progenin III, 117 g of crude progenin III was obtained from 160 g of substrate, and the crude product was purified with silica gel column to obtain 60.3 g progenin III of 93.4 % purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingqiang Liu
- College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
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28
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Seo HK, Lee JH, Kim HS, Lee CK, Lee SC. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Smilax china L. leaf extracts. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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Lin T, Huang HL, Liu RH, Shu JC, Ren G, Shao F, Liu LS. Steroidal saponins and pregnane glycosides from Smilax microphylla. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:813-817. [PMID: 23042046 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Six steroidal saponins and two pregnane glycosides were isolated from the BuOH subfraction of 70% EtOH extract of Smilax microphylla C.H.Wright, among them two were new compounds (1 and 7). Pregnane glycosides were firstly isolated from the genus Smilax (Smilacaceae). Structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, China
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30
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Sharma U, Kumar N, Singh B. Furostanol Saponin and Diphenylpentendiol from the Roots of Asparagus racemosus. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new furostanol steroidal saponin, shatavaroside C (1), and a new diphenylpentendiol, shatavarol (2), together with five known compounds, shatavarin IV (3), racemoside A (4), β-sitosterol (5) stigmasterol (6) and ursolic acid (7), have been isolated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. This is the first report on the isolation of racemoside A (4) from roots of the plant. Structures of isolated compounds were determined on the basis of detailed analysis of their 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Sharma
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176 061 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176 061 India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176 061 India
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31
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Rivera DG, Pérez-Labrada K, Lambert L, Dörner S, Westermann B, Wessjohann LA. Carbohydrate-steroid conjugation by Ugi reaction: one-pot synthesis of triple sugar/pseudo-peptide/spirostane hybrids. Carbohydr Res 2012; 359:102-10. [PMID: 22925772 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The one-pot synthesis of novel molecular chimeras incorporating sugar, pseudo-peptide, and steroidal moieties is described. For this, a new carbohydrate-steroid conjugation approach based on the Ugi four-component reaction was implemented for the ligation of glucose and chacotriose to spirostanic steroids. The approach proved wide substrate scope, as both mono and oligosaccharides functionalized with amino, carboxy, and isocyano groups were conjugated to steroidal substrates in an efficient, multicomponent manner. Two alternative strategies based on the hydrazoic acid variant of the Ugi reaction were employed for the synthesis of tetrazole-based chacotriose-diosgenin conjugates resembling naturally occurring spirostan saponins. This is the first time that triple sugar/pseudo-peptide/steroid hybrids are produced, thus opening up an avenue of opportunities for applications in drug discovery and biological chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Rivera
- Center for Natural Products Study, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, La Habana, Cuba.
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32
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Chiu CS, Chiu YJ, Wu LY, Lu TC, Huang TH, Hsieh MT, Lu CY, Peng WH. Diosgenin ameliorates cognition deficit and attenuates oxidative damage in senescent mice induced by D-galactose. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2011; 39:551-63. [PMID: 21598421 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11009020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to access the neuroprotective effect of diosgenin on the senescent mice induced by d-galactose (D-gal). The mice in the experiments were orally administered with diosgenin (1, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg), for four weeks from the sixth week. The learning and memory abilities of the mice in Morris water maze test and the mechanism involved in the neuroprotective effect of diosgenin on the mice brain tissue were investigated. Diosgenin (5, 25 and 125 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significantly improved learning and memory abilities in Morris water maze test compared to D-gal treated mice (200 mg/kg, ten weeks). Diosgenin also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the brain of D-gal treated mice. These results indicated that diosgenin has the potential to be a useful treatment for cognitive impairment. In addition, the memory enhancing effect of diosgenin may be partly mediated via enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Sung Chiu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, Taiwan
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33
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Chemoprevention of Azoxymethane/Dextran Sodium Sulfate–Induced Mouse Colon Carcinogenesis by Freeze-Dried Yam Sanyaku and Its Constituent Diosgenin. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:924-34. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Zhu J, Guo X, Fu S, Zhang X, Liang X. Characterization of steroidal saponins in crude extracts from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:462-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Lee EJ, Yoo KS, Patil BS. Development of a rapid HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of protodioscin and rutin in white and green asparagus spears. J Food Sci 2010; 75:C703-9. [PMID: 21535581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears are rich in bioactive compounds such as protodioscin, a saponin, and rutin, a flavonoid. Protodioscin and rutin are routinely quantified separately, and an approach permitting simultaneous measurement would significantly improve speed of analysis. We have optimized an extraction procedure and modified a method of high-performance liquid chromatography by coupling to an ultraviolet detector to simultaneously analyze protodioscin and rutin in asparagus extracts. An acidic ethanol solvent was more efficient than methanol, acetonitrile, or water in coextraction of protodioscin and rutin. Protodioscin and rutin were detected at 210 nm, with retention times of 12.6 min and 7.9 min, respectively. The method was validated by high linear correlations between 3.13 and 1000.0 μg/mL for protodioscin (r(2)= 0.9999), and between 0.3 and 1087.5 μg/mL for rutin (r(2)= 0.9997). The limit(s) of detection and quantification for protodioscin were 1.6 μg/mL and 3.13 μg/mL, respectively, and for rutin 0.2 μg/mL and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively. White asparagus spears and the crown of the plants were revealed to be rich sources of protodioscin and contained 2.59 to 10.4 mg/g dry weight. Green asparagus spears, particularly the upper portion, were rich in rutin and contained between 1.51 and 7.29 mg/g dry weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Lee
- Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA
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36
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Feng B, Huang HZ, Zhou WB, Kang LP, Zou P, Liu YX, Yu HS, Han BQ, Li YY, Zhang LL, Zhang T, Ma BP. Substrate specificity, purification and identification of a novel pectinase with the specificity of hydrolyzing the α-1,4-glycosyl residue in steroidal saponin. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Chemical study and medical application of saponins as anti-cancer agents. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:703-14. [PMID: 20550961 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution. The presence of saponins has been reported in more than 100 families of plants out of which at least 150 kinds of natural saponins have been found to possess significant anti-cancer properties. There are more than 11 distinguished classes of saponins including dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes and steroids. Due to the great variability of their structures, saponins always display anti-tumorigenic effects through varieties of antitumor pathways. In addition, there are a large amount of saponins that still either remain to be trapped or studied in details by the medicinal chemists. This article reviews many such structures and their related chemistry along with the recent advances in understanding mechanism of action and structure-function relationships of saponins at the molecular and cellular levels. These aglycones have been described and their classification and distribution have been listed in the review. Some special saponins with strong antitumor effects have also been exhibited. Ginsenosides, belonging to dammaranes, have been found beneficial targeted on inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by suppressing its inducer in the endothelial cells of blood vessels, and then on prevention of adhering, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Dioscin, one of the steroidal saponins, and its aglycone diosgenin also have been extensively studied on its antitumor effect by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Other important molecules discussed include oleanane saponins such as avicins, platycodons, saikosaponins, and soysaponins along with tubeimosides.
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38
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Huang HL, Liu RH, Shao F. Structural determination of two new steroidal saponins from Smilax china. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:741-745. [PMID: 19466711 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new steroidal saponins (1 and 2) were isolated from the BuOH fraction of the 70% EtOH extract of the tubes of Smilax china, together with four known analogues, 3-6. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by means of chemical evidence and spectroscopic analyses, including HR-MS, IR, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, and 2D experiments ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC and HMBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330004, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Effect of endogenous glycosidase on stability of steroidal saponins in Taiwanese yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica yamamoto) during drying processes. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Effects of different storage conditions on steroidal saponinsin yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) tubers. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Lu Y, Luo J, Xu D, Huang X, Kong L. Characterization of spirostanol saponins in Solanum torvum by high-performance liquid chromatography/evaporative light scattering detector/electrospray ionization with multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2447-2452. [PMID: 18634112 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scattering detector and electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ELSD/ESI-MS(n)) was used to identify spirostanol saponins in a saponin extract of Solanum torvum. The fragmentation behavior of saponins was studied using ESI-MS(1-3) in positive ion mode. The MS(n) spectra of the [M+H](+) ions provide structural information including aglycone type and the nature and sequence of sugars. The use of ELSD allowed the profiling of the nonchromophore-containing saponins in this plant. The MS analysis established in this study with known saponins was successfully applied to tentatively identify two new siprostanol glycosides, neosolaspigenin 6-O-beta-D-quinovopyranoside and solagenin 6-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-O-beta-D-quinovopyranoside].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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42
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Cao X, Yao Z, Chen H, Dai Y, Sun P, Ye W, Yao X. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of methyl protodioscin in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:408-13. [PMID: 18004744 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay was first developed and validated for the quantification of methyl protodioscin (MPD), a natural furostanol saponin with distinct antitumor activity, in rat plasma with 17alpha-ethinylestradiol as internal standard (IS). Methanol-mediated protein precipitation was employed for plasma sample pretreatment. The separation was achieved on a C(18) column (150 x 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 microm) by isocratic elution with methanol-water (72:28, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Ion acquisition was performed in selective reaction monitoring positive mode by monitoring the transition of m/z 1085.7 --> 1053.7 for MPD, and in selective ion monitoring negative mode by monitoring the deprotonated ion m/z 295.5 for IS. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 2.024-270.0 microg/mL with 2.024 microg/mL as the lower limit of quantification. It was specific, accurate, precise and reproducible with intra- and inter-run RSD <8.3% and RE between -11.5 and 12.8%. The assay was successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study after an intravenous dose of 40 mg/kg MPD to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Cao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua-Road 103, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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43
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Lin JT, Yang DJ. Determination of steroidal saponins in different organs of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto). Food Chem 2008; 108:1068-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Rivera DG, Concepción O, Pérez-Labrada K, Coll F. Synthesis of diamino-furostan sapogenins and their use as scaffolds for positioning peptides in a preorganized form. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China., Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
| | - Yichun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China., Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China., Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
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46
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Shao B, Guo H, Cui Y, Ye M, Han J, Guo D. Steroidal saponins from Smilax china and their anti-inflammatory activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:623-30. [PMID: 17166529 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins, 1, 2, 3 and 4, were isolated from the BuOH extract of Smilax china L., along with 13 known compounds, 5-17. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses and chemical evidence. In the bioassay tests, all compounds showed inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) activities at final concentration of 10(-5) M, and only compound 5 showed an inhibitory effect on production of TNFalpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) in murine peritoneal macrophages at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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47
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Wang G, Chen H, Huang M, Wang N, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Bai G, Fong WF, Yang M, Yao X. Methyl protodioscin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2006; 241:102-9. [PMID: 16458429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methyl protodioscin (NSC-698790) is one of the main bioactive components in the traditional Chinese medicine Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca (Dioscoreaceae). In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of methyl protodioscin on the HepG2 cells and the mechanism of the induced cytotoxicity. Treatment of methyl protodioscin resulted in G2/M arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. These effects were attributed to down-regulation of Cyclin B1 and the signaling pathways leading to up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of BCL2, suggesting that methyl protodioscin may be a novel anti-mitotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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48
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Zhang Y, Li HZ, Zhang YJ, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Li XC, Yang CR. Atropurosides A-G, new steroidal saponins from Smilacina atropurpurea. Steroids 2006; 71:712-9. [PMID: 16766007 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atropurosides A-G (1-7), seven new steroidal saponins, which possess new polyhydroxylated aglycones, were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilacina atropurpurea (Convallariaceae), together with a known saponin, dioscin (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical methods. Antifungal testing of the eight compounds indicated that atropurosides B (2) and F (6) were fungicidal against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus with minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) < or = 20 microg/ml, while dioscin (8) was selectively active against C. albicans and C. glabrata (MFC < or = 5.0 microg/ml). Furthermore, the antifungal saponins 2, 6, and 8 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities in a panel of human cancer cell lines (SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3, and HepG2) and non-cancerous Vero cells. All showed moderate cytotoxicities. It appears that the antifungal activity of these steroidal saponins correlates with their cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
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Li M, Yu B. Facile Conversion of Spirostan Saponin into Furostan Saponin: Synthesis of Methyl Protodioscin and Its 26-Thio-analogue. Org Lett 2006; 8:2679-82. [PMID: 16774230 DOI: 10.1021/ol060594w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A facile approach for the conversion of a spirostan saponin into its furostan counterpart, as illustrated by the transformation of dioscin to methyl protodioscin (and its 26-thio-analogue), has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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