1
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Kayano T, Sasanami M, Nishiura H. Science-based exit from stringent countermeasures against COVID-19: Mortality prediction using immune landscape between 2021 and 2022 in Japan. Vaccine X 2024; 20:100547. [PMID: 39238533 PMCID: PMC11375238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stringent public health and social measures against COVID-19 infection were implemented to avoid an overwhelming hospital caseload and excessive number of deaths, especially among elderly people. We analyzed population-level immunity and predicted mortality, calculated as the potential number of deaths on a given calendar date in Japan, to develop a science-based exit strategy from stringent control measures. Methods Immune proportions were inferred by age group using vaccination coverage data and the estimated number of naturally infected individuals. Immunity against symptomatic illness and death were estimated separately, allowing for inference of the immune fraction that was protected against either COVID-19-related symptomatic infection or death. By multiplying the infection fatality risk by age group for the immune fraction, the potential number of deaths was obtained. Results Accounting for a second and third dose of messenger RNA vaccine in the present-day population, approximately 155,000 potential deaths would be expected among people aged ≥ 60 years if all individuals were infected at the very end of 2022. A fourth dose (i.e., second booster) with a coverage identical to that of the third dose could reduce mortality by 60%. In all examined settings, the largest number of deaths occurred among people aged 80 years and older. Conclusions Our estimates can help policymakers understand the mortality impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in a quantitative manner and the critical importance of timely immunization so as to assist in decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Kayano
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Health Security, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Misaki Sasanami
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Health Security, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Yan Y, Shang G, Xie J, Li Y, Chen S, Yu Y, Yue P, Peng X, Ai M, Hu Z. Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on a phage-displayed scFv antibody fusion with alkaline phosphatase and NanoLuc luciferase. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1322:343057. [PMID: 39182992 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the subsequent pandemic have led to devastating public health and economic losses. The development of highly sensitive, rapid and inexpensive methods to detect and monitor coronaviruses is essential for family diagnosis, preventing infections, choosing treatments and programs and laying the technical groundwork for viral diagnosis. This study established one-step immunoassays for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 by using a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to alkaline phosphatase (AP) or NanoLuc (NLuc) luciferase. First, a high-affinity scFv antibody specific to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein was screened from hybridoma cells-derived and phage-displayed library. Next, prokaryotic expression of the scFv-AP and scFv-NLuc fusion proteins were induced, leading to excellent antibody binding properties and enzyme catalytic activities. The scFv-AP fusion had a detection limit of 3 pmol per assay and was used to produce eye-readable biosensor readouts. Moreover, the scFv-NLuc protein was applied in a highly sensitive luminescence immunoassay, achieving a detection limit lower than 0.1 pmol per assay. Therefore, the scFv-AP and scFv-NLuc fusion proteins can be applied for the rapid and simple diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to safeguard human health and provide guidance for the detection of other pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Yan
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Guofu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Jiling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Shaomei Chen
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Yanqin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China.
| | - Min Ai
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China.
| | - Zuquan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in University of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China.
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3
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Vishwanath S, Carnell GW, Billmeier M, Ohlendorf L, Neckermann P, Asbach B, George C, Sans MS, Chan A, Olivier J, Nadesalingam A, Einhauser S, Temperton N, Cantoni D, Grove J, Jordan I, Sandig V, Tonks P, Geiger J, Dohmen C, Mummert V, Samuel AR, Plank C, Kinsley R, Wagner R, Heeney JL. Computationally designed Spike antigens induce neutralising responses against the breadth of SARS-COV-2 variants. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:164. [PMID: 39251608 PMCID: PMC11384739 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Updates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are required to generate immunity in the population against constantly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs). Here we describe three novel in-silico designed spike-based antigens capable of inducing neutralising antibodies across a spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Three sets of antigens utilising pre-Delta (T2_32), and post-Gamma sequence data (T2_35 and T2_36) were designed. T2_32 elicited superior neutralising responses against VOCs compared to the Wuhan-1 spike antigen in DNA prime-boost immunisation regime in guinea pigs. Heterologous boosting with the attenuated poxvirus - Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing T2_32 induced broader neutralising immune responses in all primed animals. T2_32, T2_35 and T2_36 elicited broader neutralising capacity compared to the Omicron BA.1 spike antigen administered by mRNA immunisation in mice. These findings demonstrate the utility of structure-informed computationally derived modifications of spike-based antigens for inducing broad immune responses covering more than 2 years of evolved SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Vishwanath
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - George William Carnell
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Billmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luis Ohlendorf
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Neckermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte George
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Suau Sans
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Chan
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Olivier
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Angalee Nadesalingam
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Cantoni
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Grove
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul Tonks
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Verena Mummert
- Ethris GmbH, Semmelweisstraße 3, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rebecca Kinsley
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
- DIOSynVax Ltd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- DIOSynVax Ltd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Luke Heeney
- Lab of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom.
- DIOSynVax Ltd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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4
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Richardson SI, Mzindle N, Motlou T, Manamela NP, van der Mescht MA, Lambson BE, Everatt J, Amoako DG, Balla S, von Gottberg A, Wolter N, de Beer Z, de Villiers TR, Bodenstein A, van den Berg G, Abdullah F, Rossouw TM, Boswell MT, Ueckermann V, Bhiman JN, Moore PL. SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 infection triggers more cross-reactive FcγRIIIa signaling and neutralization than BA.1, in the context of hybrid immunity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0067824. [PMID: 38953380 PMCID: PMC11265454 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00678-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) differentially trigger neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) antibodies with variable cross-reactivity. Omicron BA.4/5 was approved for inclusion in bivalent vaccination boosters, and therefore the antigenic profile of antibodies elicited by this variant is critical to understand. Here, we investigate the ability of BA.4/5-elicited antibodies following the first documented (primary) infection (n = 13) or breakthrough infection after vaccination (n = 9) to mediate neutralization and FcγRIIIa signaling across multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants including XBB.1.5 and BQ.1. Using a pseudovirus neutralization assay and a FcγRIIIa crosslinking assay to measure ADCC potential, we show that unlike SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 infection triggers highly cross-reactive functional antibodies. Cross-reactivity was observed both in the absence of prior vaccination and in breakthrough infections following vaccination. However, BQ.1 and XBB.1.5 neutralization and FcγRIIIa signaling were significantly compromised compared to other VOCs, regardless of prior vaccination status. BA.4/5 triggered FcγRIIIa signaling was significantly more resilient against VOCs (<10-fold decrease in magnitude) compared to neutralization (10- to 100-fold decrease). Overall, this study shows that BA.4/5 triggered antibodies are highly cross-reactive compared to those triggered by other variants. Although this is consistent with enhanced neutralization and FcγRIIIa signaling breadth of BA.4/5 vaccine boosters, the reduced activity against XBB.1.5 supports the need to update vaccines with XBB sublineage immunogens to provide adequate coverage of these highly antibody evasive variants. IMPORTANCE The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a number of variants of concern. Of these, the Omicron sublineage is the most immune evasive. Within Omicron, the BA.4/5 sublineage drove the fifth wave of infection in South Africa prior to becoming the dominant variant globally. As a result this spike sequence was approved as part of a bivalent vaccine booster, and rolled out worldwide. We aimed to understand the cross-reactivity of neutralizing and Fc mediated cytotoxic functions elicited by BA.4/5 infection following infection or breakthrough infection. We find that, in contrast to BA.1 which triggered fairly strain-specific antibodies, BA.4/5 triggered antibodies that are highly cross-reactive for neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity potential. Despite this cross-reactivity, these antibodies are compromised against highly resistant variants such as XBB.1.5 and BQ.1. This suggests that next-generation vaccines will require XBB sublineage immunogens in order to protect against these evasive variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone I. Richardson
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Mzindle
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thopisang Motlou
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nelia P. Manamela
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mieke A. van der Mescht
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bronwen E. Lambson
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Josie Everatt
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Gyamfi Amoako
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Sashkia Balla
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole Wolter
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Fareed Abdullah
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Theresa M. Rossouw
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael T. Boswell
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Veronica Ueckermann
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jinal N. Bhiman
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
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5
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Zhang Y, Chamblee M, Xu J, Qu P, Shamseldin MM, Yoo SJ, Misny J, Thongpan I, Kc M, Hall JM, Gupta YA, Evans JP, Lu M, Ye C, Hsu CC, Liang X, Martinez-Sobrido L, Yount JS, Boyaka PN, Liu SL, Dubey P, Peeples ME, Li J. Three SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants delivered intranasally by measles and mumps vaccines are broadly protective. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5589. [PMID: 38961063 PMCID: PMC11222507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As the new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants and subvariants emerge, there is an urgency to develop intranasal, broadly protective vaccines. Here, we developed highly efficacious, intranasal trivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates (TVC) based on three components of the MMR vaccine: measles virus (MeV), mumps virus (MuV) Jeryl Lynn (JL1) strain, and MuV JL2 strain. Specifically, MeV, MuV-JL1, and MuV-JL2 vaccine strains, each expressing prefusion spike (preS-6P) from a different variant of concern (VoC), were combined to generate TVCs. Intranasal immunization of IFNAR1-/- mice and female hamsters with TVCs generated high levels of S-specific serum IgG antibodies, broad neutralizing antibodies, and mucosal IgA antibodies as well as tissue-resident memory T cells in the lungs. The immunized female hamsters were protected from challenge with SARS-CoV-2 original WA1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529 strains. The preexisting MeV and MuV immunity does not significantly interfere with the efficacy of TVC. Thus, the trivalent platform is a promising next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Chamblee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed M Shamseldin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Sung J Yoo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jack Misny
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ilada Thongpan
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mahesh Kc
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yash A Gupta
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John P Evans
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mijia Lu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cheng Chih Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xueya Liang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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6
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Xiang T, Quan X, Jia H, Wang H, Liang B, Li S, Wang X, Li H, Feng X, Fan L, Xu L, Wang T, Xiong S, Yang D, Liu J, Zheng X. Omicron breakthrough infections after triple-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: A comprehensive analysis of antibody and T-cell responses. Immunology 2024; 172:313-327. [PMID: 38462236 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study longitudinally evaluated the immune response in individuals over a year after receiving three doses of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, focusing on reactions to Omicron breakthrough infections. From 63 blood samples of 37 subjects, results showed that the third booster enhanced the antibody response against Alpha, Beta, and Delta VOCs but was less effective against Omicron. Although antibody titres decreased post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses, both CD4+ and CD8+, remained stable. Omicron breakthrough infections significantly improved neutralization against various VOCs, including Omicron. However, the boost in antibodies against WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants was more pronounced. Regarding T cells, breakthrough infection predominantly boosted the CD8+ T-cell response, and the intensity of the spike protein-specific T-cell response was roughly comparable between WT and Omicron BA.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sumeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huadong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shue Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Chen X, Mohapatra A, Nguyen HTV, Schimanski L, Kit Tan T, Rijal P, Chen CP, Cheng SH, Lee WH, Chou YC, Townsend AR, Ma C, Huang KYA. The presence of broadly neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies elicited by primary series and booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012246. [PMID: 38857264 PMCID: PMC11192315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated immunity plays a key role in protection against SARS-CoV-2. We characterized B-cell-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody repertoires from vaccinated and infected individuals and elucidate the mechanism of action of broadly neutralizing antibodies and dissect antibodies at the epitope level. The breadth and clonality of anti-RBD B cell response varies among individuals. The majority of neutralizing antibody clones lose or exhibit reduced activities against Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. Nevertheless, a portion of anti-RBD antibody clones that develops after a primary series or booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination exhibit broad neutralization against emerging Omicron BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16 variants. These broadly neutralizing antibodies share genetic features including a conserved usage of the IGHV3-53 and 3-9 genes and recognize three clustered epitopes of the RBD, including epitopes that partially overlap the classically defined set identified early in the pandemic. The Fab-RBD crystal and Fab-Spike complex structures corroborate the epitope grouping of antibodies and reveal the detailed binding mode of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Structure-guided mutagenesis improves binding and neutralization potency of antibody with Omicron variants via a single amino-substitution. Together, these results provide an immunological basis for partial protection against severe COVID-19 by the ancestral strain-based vaccine and indicate guidance for next generation monoclonal antibody development and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hong Thuy Vy Nguyen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alain R. Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Voutouri C, Hardin CC, Naranbhai V, Nikmaneshi MR, Khandekar MJ, Gainor JF, Munn LL, Jain RK, Stylianopoulos T. Dynamic heterogeneity in COVID-19: Insights from a mathematical model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301780. [PMID: 38820409 PMCID: PMC11142552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Critical illness, such as severe COVID-19, is heterogenous in presentation and treatment response. However, it remains possible that clinical course may be influenced by dynamic and/or random events such that similar patients subject to similar injuries may yet follow different trajectories. We deployed a mechanistic mathematical model of COVID-19 to determine the range of possible clinical courses after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may follow from specific changes in viral properties, immune properties, treatment modality and random external factors such as initial viral load. We find that treatment efficacy and baseline patient or viral features are not the sole determinant of outcome. We found patients with enhanced innate or adaptive immune responses can experience poor viral control, resolution of infection or non-infectious inflammatory injury depending on treatment efficacy and initial viral load. Hypoxemia may result from poor viral control or ongoing inflammation despite effective viral control. Adaptive immune responses may be inhibited by very early effective therapy, resulting in viral load rebound after cessation of therapy. Our model suggests individual disease course may be influenced by the interaction between external and patient-intrinsic factors. These data have implications for the reproducibility of clinical trial cohorts and timing of optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L Steele Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - C. Corey Hardin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammad R. Nikmaneshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L Steele Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Melin J. Khandekar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Justin F. Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lance L. Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L Steele Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L Steele Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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9
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Rabezanahary H, Gilbert C, Santerre K, Scarrone M, Gilbert M, Thériault M, Brousseau N, Masson JF, Pelletier JN, Boudreau D, Trottier S, Baz M. Live virus neutralizing antibodies against pre and post Omicron strains in food and retail workers in Québec, Canada. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31026. [PMID: 38826717 PMCID: PMC11141348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Measuring the ability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to neutralize live viruses remains an effective approach to quantify the level of protection of individuals. We assessed the neutralization activity against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 strains, in 280 vaccinated restaurant/bar, grocery and hardware store workers in Québec, Canada. Methods Participants were recruited during the emergence of Omicron BA.1 variant. The neutralizing activity of participant sera was assessed by microneutralization assay. Results Serum neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers of all participants against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain were comparable with those against Delta variant (ranges of titers 10-2032 and 10-2560, respectively), however, their response was significantly reduced against Omicron BA.1, BA2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 (10-1016, 10-1016, 10-320, 10-80 and 10-254, respectively). Individuals who received 2 doses of vaccine had significantly reduced NtAb titers against all SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to those infected and then vaccinated (≥1 dose), vaccinated (≥2 doses) and then infected, or those who received 3 doses of vaccine. Participants vaccinated with 2 or 3 doses of vaccine and then infected had the highest NtAb titers against all SARS-CoV-2 strains tested. Conclusion We assessed for the first time the NtAb response in food and retail workers. We found that vaccination prior to the emergence of Omicron BA.1 was associated with higher neutralizing activity against pre-Omicron variants, suggesting the importance of updating vaccines to increase antibody response against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccination followed by infection was associated with higher neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 strains tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henintsoa Rabezanahary
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kim Santerre
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martina Scarrone
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan Gilbert
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Thériault
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Brousseau
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Biological Risks Department, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Jean-François Masson
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, Regroupement québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
- PROTEO-The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Département de Chimie et Centre d'Optique, Photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariana Baz
- Division of Infectious and Immune Diseases, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Li P, Liu Y, Faraone JN, Hsu CC, Chamblee M, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Horowitz JC, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Jones D, Li J, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Distinct patterns of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.87.1 and JN.1 variants in immune evasion, antigenicity, and cell-cell fusion. mBio 2024; 15:e0075124. [PMID: 38591890 PMCID: PMC11077997 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00751-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a constant challenge to the global vaccination effort. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into two newly emerged variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, focusing on their neutralization resistance, infectivity, antigenicity, cell-cell fusion, and spike processing. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers were assessed in diverse cohorts, including individuals who received a bivalent mRNA vaccine booster, patients infected during the BA.2.86/JN.1-wave, and hamsters vaccinated with XBB.1.5-monovalent vaccine. We found that BA.2.87.1 shows much less nAb escape from WT-BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA vaccination and JN.1-wave breakthrough infection sera compared to JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Interestingly, BA.2.87.1 is more resistant to neutralization by XBB.1.5-monovalent-vaccinated hamster sera than BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5, but efficiently neutralized by a class III monoclonal antibody S309, which largely fails to neutralize BA.2.86/JN.1. Importantly, BA.2.87.1 exhibits higher levels of infectivity, cell-cell fusion activity, and furin cleavage efficiency than BA.2.86/JN.1. Antigenically, we found that BA.2.87.1 is closer to the ancestral BA.2 compared to other recently emerged Omicron subvariants including BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Altogether, these results highlight immune escape properties as well as biology of new variants and underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and informed decision-making in the development of effective vaccines. IMPORTANCE This study investigates the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, in comparison to earlier variants and the parental D614G. Varied infectivity and cell-cell fusion activity among these variants suggest potential disparities in their ability to infect target cells and possibly pathogenesis. BA.2.87.1 exhibits lower nAb escape from bivalent mRNA vaccinee and BA.2.86/JN.1-infected sera than JN.1 but is relatively resistance to XBB.1.5-vaccinated hamster sera, revealing distinct properties in immune reason and underscoring the significance of continuing surveillance of variants and reformulation of vaccines. Antigenic differences between BA.2.87.1 and other earlier variants yield critical information not only for antibody evasion but also for viral evolution. In conclusion, this study furnishes timely insights into the spike biology and immune escape of the emerging variants BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, thus guiding effective vaccine development and informing public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yajie Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia N. Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheng Chih Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michelle Chamblee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph S. Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Horowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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11
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Liu P, Cai J, Tian H, Li J, Lu L, Xu M, Zhu X, Fu X, Wang X, Zhong H, Jia R, Ge Y, Zhu Y, Zeng M, Xu J. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 variants in Shanghai after ending the zero-COVID policy in December 2022: a clinical and genomic analysis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1372078. [PMID: 38605705 PMCID: PMC11007228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1372078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An unprecedented surge of Omicron infections appeared nationwide in China in December 2022 after the adjustment of the COVID-19 response policy. Here, we report the clinical and genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children in Shanghai during this outbreak. Methods A total of 64 children with symptomatic COVID-19 were enrolled. SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences were obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were compared between variants. Phylogenetic tree, mutation spectrum, and the impact of unique mutations on SARS-CoV-2 proteins were analysed in silico. Results The genomic monitoring revealed that the emerging BA.5.2.48 and BF.7.14 were the dominant variants. The BA.5.2.48 infections were more frequently observed to experience vomiting/diarrhea and less frequently present cough compared to the BF.7.14 infections among patients without comorbidities in the study. The high-frequency unique non-synonymous mutations were present in BA.5.2.48 (N:Q241K) and BF.7.14 (nsp2:V94L, nsp12:L247F, S:C1243F, ORF7a:H47Y) with respect to their parental lineages. Of these mutations, S:C1243F, nsp12:L247F, and ORF7a:H47Y protein were predicted to have a deleterious effect on the protein function. Besides, nsp2:V94L and nsp12:L247F were predicted to destabilize the proteins. Discussion Further in vitro to in vivo studies are needed to verify the role of these specific mutations in viral fitness. In addition, continuous genomic monitoring and clinical manifestation assessments of the emerging variants will still be crucial for the effective responses to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiehao Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunhua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangshi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Ge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Li Y, Qin S, Dong L, Qiao S, Wang X, Yu D, Gao P, Hou Y, Quan S, Li Y, Fan F, Zhao X, Ma Y, Gao GF. Long-term effects of Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection on immunity-metabolism balance: a 6-month prospective study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2444. [PMID: 38503738 PMCID: PMC10951309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been reports of long coronavirus disease (long COVID) and breakthrough infections (BTIs); however, the mechanisms and pathological features of long COVID after Omicron BTIs remain unclear. Assessing long-term effects of COVID-19 and immune recovery after Omicron BTIs is crucial for understanding the disease and managing new-generation vaccines. Here, we followed up mild BA.2 BTI convalescents for six-month with routine blood tests, proteomic analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that major organs exhibited ephemeral dysfunction and recovered to normal in approximately six-month after BA.2 BTI. We also observed durable and potent levels of neutralizing antibodies against major circulating sub-variants, indicating that hybrid humoral immunity stays active. However, platelets may take longer to recover based on proteomic analyses, which also shows coagulation disorder and an imbalance between anti-pathogen immunity and metabolism six-month after BA.2 BTI. The immunity-metabolism imbalance was then confirmed with retrospective analysis of abnormal levels of hormones, low blood glucose level and coagulation profile. The long-term malfunctional coagulation and imbalance in the material metabolism and immunity may contribute to the development of long COVID and act as useful indicator for assessing recovery and the long-term impacts after Omicron sub-variant BTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Shitong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Dongshan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, China
| | - Pengyue Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Hou
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Shouzhen Quan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyan Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, 102209, Beijing, China.
| | - Yueyun Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, 100142, Beijing, China.
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China.
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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13
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Li P, Liu Y, Faraone J, Hsu CC, Chamblee M, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Horowitz JC, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Jones D, Li J, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Distinct Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.87.1 and JN.1 Variants in Immune Evasion, Antigenicity and Cell-Cell Fusion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.583978. [PMID: 38559216 PMCID: PMC10979924 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.583978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a constant challenge to the global vaccination effort. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into two newly emerged variants, BA.2.87.1 and JN.1, focusing on their neutralization resistance, infectivity, antigenicity, cell-cell fusion, and spike processing. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers were assessed in diverse cohorts, including individuals who received a bivalent mRNA vaccine booster, patients infected during the BA.2.86/JN.1-wave, and hamsters vaccinated with XBB.1.5-monovalent vaccine. We found that BA.2.87.1 shows much less nAb escape from WT-BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA vaccination and JN.1-wave breakthrough infection sera compared to JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Interestingly. BA.2.87.1 is more resistant to neutralization by XBB.15-monovalent-vaccinated hamster sera than BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5, but efficiently neutralized by a class III monoclonal antibody S309, which largely fails to neutralize BA.2.86/JN.1. Importantly, BA.2.87.1 exhibits higher levels of infectivity, cell-cell fusion activity, and furin cleavage efficiency than BA.2.86/JN.1. Antigenically, we found that BA.2.87.1 is closer to the ancestral BA.2 compared to other recently emerged Omicron subvariants including BA.2.86/JN.1 and XBB.1.5. Altogether, these results highlight immune escape properties as well as biology of new variants and underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and informed decision-making in the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yajie Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cheng Chih Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michelle Chamblee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph S. Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Horowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M. Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Qu P, Xu K, Faraone JN, Goodarzi N, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Bednash JS, Horowitz JC, Mallampalli RK, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Jones D, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Immune evasion, infectivity, and fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and FLip variants. Cell 2024; 187:585-595.e6. [PMID: 38194968 PMCID: PMC10872432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment of current vaccine measures. Here, we characterized BA.2.86 and XBB-derived variant FLip by investigating their neutralization alongside D614G, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, and EG.5.1 by sera from 3-dose-vaccinated and bivalent-vaccinated healthcare workers, XBB.1.5-wave-infected first responders, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) S309. We assessed the biology of the variant spikes by measuring viral infectivity and membrane fusogenicity. BA.2.86 is less immune evasive compared to FLip and other XBB variants, consistent with antigenic distances. Importantly, distinct from XBB variants, mAb S309 was unable to neutralize BA.2.86, likely due to a D339H mutation based on modeling. BA.2.86 had relatively high fusogenicity and infectivity in CaLu-3 cells but low fusion and infectivity in 293T-ACE2 cells compared to some XBB variants, suggesting a potentially different conformational stability of BA.2.86 spike. Overall, our study underscores the importance of SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance and the need for updated COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Negin Goodarzi
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph S Bednash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Chan BCL, Li P, Tsang MSM, Sung JCC, Kwong KWY, Zheng T, Hon SSM, Lau CP, Ho RCY, Chen F, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Wong CK. Adjuvant activities of immunostimulating natural products: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and Coriolus versicolor in BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19 infection. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:177-189. [PMID: 37713617 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developing all over the world for more than 3 years. In late 2020, several variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged, with increased viral fitness and transmissibility by mutations of the spike proteins of the viral particle, denting hopes of the use of early-generation vaccines for a widespread protective immunity against viral infection. The use of adjuvants may enhance the immune responses of the conventional application of the COVID-19 vaccine. We have shown that the water extract of 2 β-glucan-enriched immunostimulating natural products, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), could induce innate immunity-related cytokines from human monocytes (CCL5, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α). Using BALB/c mice, orally administrated AM and CV (1,384 and 742 mg/kg/d) for 4 d after vaccination, respectively, could enhance (1) the immunoglobulin G binding activities of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins by 5.8- and 4.3-fold, respectively; (2) the immunoglobulin G3 subclass production of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins; and (3) the in vitro antibody-neutralizing activities of BNT162b2 vaccinated mice. In conclusion, combining AM and CV was effective in acting as an oral adjuvant with the messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 to improve the antigen binding activities against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, probably via trained immunity of macrophages and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, 264 Plenty Rd, Mill Park VIC 3082, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johnny Chun-Chau Sung
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, 71-77 Yau Ma Hom Road, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith Wai-Yeung Kwong
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, 71-77 Yau Ma Hom Road, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharon Sze-Man Hon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Chi-Yan Ho
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Gao X, Wang F, Liu H, Chai J, Tian G, Yao L, Chen C, Huo P, Yao Y, Wen J, Zhao N, Sun D. BF.7: a new Omicron subvariant characterized by rapid transmission. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:137-141. [PMID: 37802303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES BF.7 (BA.5.2.1.7) is a novel sublineage of Omicron BA.5, whose clinical characteristics are not yet established. METHODS From 28 September 2022 to 3 October 2022, the first 421 patients with BF.7 were assessed in Hohhot China and the clinical data were extracted and analysed. The basic reproduction number (R0) was estimated using a statistical model calculation method. RESULTS The R0 value was determined to be 13.79 (95% confidence interval: 12.44-15.24). The mean age was 33.43 ± 18.78 years. Asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical patients accounted for 12.35% (52/421), 82.42% (347/421), 4.75% (20/421), 0.24% (1/421), and 0.24% (1/421) proportion, respectively. The main clinical symptoms were fever accounting for 41.09% (173/421), cough accounting for 41.09% (173/421), and throat dryness and soreness accounting for 30.88% (130/421). In the 3-dose vaccination subgroup, 31.22% (64) cases had a fever, which were significantly lower than 51.37% (96) cases of the 2-dose vaccination subgroup (p 0.000). The rates of abnormally increased C-reactive protein level in the 2-dose and 3-dose vaccination subgroups were 10.16% (19/187) and 4.88% (10/205), significantly lower than 66.67% (10/15) of the 1-dose vaccination subgroup (1-dose vs. 2-dose: p 0.000, 1-dose vs. 3-dose: p 0.000). Notably, the population with complete 3 doses of vaccination did not exhibit any severe or critical status. DISCUSSION BF.7 exhibited a higher transmission than previously emerged SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine against COVID-19 was found to relieve fever, nausea, and vomiting as well as reduce the abnormal ratio of lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and the C-reactive protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gao
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia People's Hospital Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Inner Mongolia Fourth Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Huizhao Liu
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Chai
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Guangyuan Tian
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Lili Yao
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Inner Mongolia Fourth Hospital, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Peng Huo
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Yingxi Yao
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia People's Hospital Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot, China.
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Das R, Hyer RN, Burton P, Miller JM, Kuter BJ. Emerging heterologous mRNA-based booster strategies within the COVID-19 vaccine landscape. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2153532. [PMID: 36629006 PMCID: PMC9980456 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2153532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine platforms used for the development of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 have provided a robust adaptable approach to offer protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, as variants of concern (VoCs), such as omicron and associated sub-variants, emerge, boosting strategies must also adapt to keep pace with the changing landscape. Heterologous vaccination regimens involving the administration of booster vaccines different than the primary vaccination series offer a practical, effective, and safe approach to continue to reduce the global burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of heterologous mRNA-based vaccination strategies, relevant clinical and real-world observational studies were identified and summarized. Overall, heterologous boosting strategies with mRNA-based vaccines that are currently available and those in development will play an important global role in protecting individuals from COVID-19 caused by emerging VoCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Infectious Diseases, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA,CONTACT Rituparna Das Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
| | - Randall N. Hyer
- Experimental Therapeutics, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Paul Burton
- Infectious Diseases, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Zhu Q, Wang L, Hu X, Zhang Y, Huang T, He T, Chen Z, Zhang G, Peng M, Chen M, Cai D, Shi X, Ren H. Dynamic Humoral Immune Response to Primary and Booster Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1476-1484. [PMID: 38161494 PMCID: PMC10752809 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Our aim was to determine the immune efficacy of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) booster vaccination in cirrhotic patients who had received the primary series. Methods We performed a longitudinal assessment in 48 patients with cirrhosis, 57 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 68 healthy controls (HCs) to continuously track the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and memory B cells after receiving the primary series and booster dose at different times. A pseudovirus neutralization assay was used to determine neutralization against Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 from serum samples collected from three cohorts. Results Serum anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig)G and neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels in cirrhotic patients were elevated within 15-45 days after completing the primary series before rapidly declining and reaching a valley at around 165-195 days. After receiving the booster dose, both antibody levels were significantly increased to levels comparable to patients with CHB and HCs. Subgroup analysis showed that booster vaccination induced weaker antibody responses in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than in those with compensated cirrhosis. The SARS-CoV-2 memory B-cell response in cirrhotic patients was durable during follow-up regardless of the hepatic fibro-cirrhosis grade. However, compared with the primary series, the booster dose did not result in an evident improvement of neutralization activity against the Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4, and was followed by a significant decrease in the titer against BA.5. Conclusions A booster dose elicited a robust and durable humoral response to the wild-type strain in cirrhotic patients but not the Omicron subvariants. Repeated vaccination of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may not benefit cirrhotic patients in neutralization against newly circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianquan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taiyu He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dachuan Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Xia H, Yeung J, Kalveram B, Bills CJ, Chen JYC, Kurhade C, Zou J, Widen SG, Mann BR, Kondor R, Davis CT, Zhou B, Wentworth DE, Xie X, Shi PY. Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2161422. [PMID: 36594261 PMCID: PMC9848280 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2161422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages mandates a better understanding of viral replication and cross-neutralization among these sublineages. Here we used K18-hACE2 mice and primary human airway cultures to examine the viral fitness and antigenic relationship among Omicron sublineages. In both K18-hACE2 mice and human airway cultures, Omicron sublineages exhibited a replication order of BA.5 ≥ BA.2 ≥ BA.2.12.1 > BA.1; no difference in body weight loss was observed among different sublineage-infected mice. The BA.1-, BA.2-, BA.2.12.1-, and BA.5-infected mice developed distinguishable cross-neutralizations against Omicron sublineages, but exhibited little neutralization against the index virus (i.e. USA-WA1/2020) or the Delta variant. Surprisingly, the BA.5-infected mice developed higher neutralization activity against heterologous BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 than that against homologous BA.5; serum neutralizing titres did not always correlate with viral replication levels in infected animals. Our results revealed a distinct antigenic cartography of Omicron sublineages and support the bivalent vaccine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Yeung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Birte Kalveram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Cody J. Bills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - John Yun-Chung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chaitanya Kurhade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Steven G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brian R. Mann
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Kondor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C. Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA, Xuping Xie ; Pei-Yong Shi
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Sealy, Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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20
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Takizawa T, Ihara K, Uno S, Ohtani S, Watanabe N, Imai N, Nakahara J, Hori S, Garcia-Azorin D, Martelletti P. Metabolic and toxicological considerations regarding CGRP mAbs and CGRP antagonists to treat migraine in COVID-19 patients: a narrative review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:951-967. [PMID: 37925645 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2280221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine pharmacological therapies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), including monoclonal antibodies and gepants, have shown clinical effect and optimal tolerability. Interactions between treatments of COVID-19 and CGRP-related drugs have not been reviewed. AREAS COVERED An overview of CGRP, a description of the characteristics of each CGRP-related drug and its response predictors, COVID-19 and its treatment, the interactions between CGRP-related drugs and COVID-19 treatment, COVID-19 and vaccination-induced headache, and the neurological consequences of Covid-19. EXPERT OPINION Clinicians should be careful about using gepants for COVID-19 patients, due to the potential drug interactions with drugs metabolized via CYP3A4 cytochrome. In particular, COVID-19 treatment (especially nirmatrelvir packaged with ritonavir, as Paxlovid) should be considered cautiously. It is advisable to stop or adjust the dose (10 mg atogepant when used for episodic migraine) of gepants when using Paxlovid (except for zavegepant). CGRP moncolconal antibodies (CGRP-mAbs) do not have drug - drug interactions, but a few days' interval between a COVID-19 vaccination and the use of CGRP mAbs is recommended to allow the accurate identification of the possible adverse effects, such as injection site reaction. Covid-19- and vaccination-related headache are known to occur. Whether CGRP-related drugs would be of benefit in these circumstances is not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ihara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Ashikaga, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Uno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Ohtani
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Drug Informatics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narumi Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Hori
- Division of Drug Informatics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Garcia-Azorin
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- School of Health Sciences, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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21
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Evans JP, Liu SL. Challenges and Prospects in Developing Future SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Overcoming Original Antigenic Sin and Inducing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1459-1467. [PMID: 37931210 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the development of several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, waning vaccine efficacy as well as the antigenic drift of SARS-CoV-2 variants has diminished vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and may threaten public health. Increasing interest has been given to the development of a next generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with increased breadth and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Brief Review, we discuss recent work on the development of these next-generation vaccines and on the nature of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We examine recent work to develop pan-coronavirus vaccines as well as to develop mucosal vaccines. We further discuss challenges associated with the development of novel vaccines including the need to overcome "original antigenic sin" and highlight areas requiring further investigation. We place this work in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution to inform how the implementation of future vaccine platforms may impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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22
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Shi H, Sun J, Zeng Y, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang L, Shao E. Immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: a system review and meta-analysis. Virol J 2023; 20:266. [PMID: 37968649 PMCID: PMC10652597 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-01977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omicron's high transmissibility and variability present new difficulties for COVID-19 vaccination prevention and therapy. In this article, we analyzed the sensitivity of vaccine-induced antibodies as well as the effect of booster vaccinations against Omicron sublineages. METHODS We looked for Randomized Controlled Trials and cohort studies that reported the COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron sublineages up to 28 July 2022 through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Quantitative synthesis was carried out using Stata 16.0 and RevMa5.3, then the serum NT50 and antibody sensitivity to neutralize Omicron sublineages were assessed before and after booster vaccination. This study was registered with PROSPERO number CRD42022350477. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 2138 patients from 20 studies, and the booster vaccination against Omicron sublineages showed a significant difference compared to 2 dosage: BA.1/BA.1.1 (SMD = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.75-0.85, P = 0.00), BA.2/BA.2.12.1 (SMD = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.69-0.85, P = 0.00), BA.3 (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-1.0, P = 0.00), and BA.4/5 (SMD = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.94, P = 0.00). The sensitivity of vaccines-induced antibodies decreased by at least 5-folds after booster vaccination, particularly in the case of BA.4/5 which had the most notable decline in vaccine effectiveness. CONCLUSION After the booster vaccination, the NT50 and the neutralization ability of vaccine-induced antibodies increased, but the susceptibility of antibodies decreased compared with the control virus, which may be a clue for future Omicron sublineages prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Shi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450099, China
| | - Yigang Zeng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Enming Shao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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23
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Schiaroli E, Gidari A, Brachelente G, Bicchieraro G, Spaccapelo R, Bastianelli S, Pierucci S, Busti C, Pallotto C, Malincarne L, Camilloni B, Falcinelli F, De Socio GV, Villa A, Mencacci A, Francisci D. Impaired neutralizing antibody efficacy of tixagevimab-cilgavimab 150+150 mg as pre-exposure prophylaxis against Omicron BA.5. A real-world experience in booster vaccinated immunocompromised patients. J Clin Virol 2023; 168:105584. [PMID: 37778220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tixagevimab-cilgavimab has been approved as primary pre-exposure prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients as support or replacement for vaccination, even though the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) was spreading at the time. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the post-injection neutralising activity (NT90-Abs titre) against the Omicron BA.5 variant in fully vaccinated immunocompromised patients. STUDY DESIGN NT90-Abs titres against BA.5 and 20A.EU1 as well as anti-spike and anti-receptor-binding domain IgG were evaluated 0, 14, and 30 d after tixagevimab-cilgavimab administration. The primary end point was NT90-Abs titres ≥ 80 against BA.5 in ≥ 25% of patients, and the secondary end point was NT90-Abs titres ≥ 1280 against 20A.EU1 in >50% of patients on day 14. RESULTS At baseline, 35.2%, 37.02%, and 32.5% of booster vaccinated patients exhibited undetectable levels of anti-S and anti-RBD IgG antibodies such as NT90-Abs titres against A20.EU1. Moreover, 35 patients (61.5%) had undetectable NT90-Abs titres against BA.5. On day 14, IgG anti-S and anti-RBD levels were 3880 BAU/mL and 776.6 AU/mL, respectively. Only 12.5% of patients met a NT90-Abs titres ≥ 80 against BA.5, whereas the median NT90-Abs titre against 20A.EU1 was 1280. NT90-Abs titres against BA.5 were 64-fold lower than those against A20.EU1. Four patients (7.5%) had a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the 3 months after treatment, all with a time gap between the booster vaccination and injection. CONCLUSIONS To date, tixagevimab-cilgavimab cannot be considered a substitute for vaccination but may be a useful supporting therapy if the recommended dose for pre-exposure prophylaxis is doubled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Schiaroli
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Gidari
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brachelente
- Clinical Pathology and Ematology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Bicchieraro
- Genomics and Genetics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Spaccapelo
- Functional Genomic Center (C.U.R.Ge.F), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Genomics and Genetics section Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bastianelli
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Pierucci
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Busti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Pallotto
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Malincarne
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Camilloni
- Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Flavio Falcinelli
- Hematolgy Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Villa
- Clinical Pathology and Ematology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Mencacci
- Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Francisci
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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24
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Faraone JN, Qu P, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Jones D, Panchal AR, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Continued evasion of neutralizing antibody response by Omicron XBB.1.16. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113193. [PMID: 37777967 PMCID: PMC10872815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to challenge the efficacy of vaccination efforts against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Omicron XBB lineage of SARS-CoV-2 has presented dramatic evasion of neutralizing antibodies stimulated by mRNA vaccination and COVID-19 convalescence. XBB.1.16, characterized by two mutations relative to the dominating variant XBB.1.5, i.e., E180V and K478R, has been on the rise globally. In this study, we compare the immune escape of XBB.1.16 with XBB.1.5, alongside ancestral variants D614G, BA.2, and BA.4/5. We demonstrate that XBB.1.16 is strongly immune evasive, with extent comparable to XBB.1.5 in bivalent-vaccinated healthcare worker sera, 3-dose-vaccinated healthcare worker sera, and BA.4/5-wave convalescent sera. Interestingly, the XBB.1.16 spike is less fusogenic than that of XBB.1.5, and this phenotype requires both E180V and K478R mutations to manifest. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of the continued surveillance of variants and the need for updated mRNA vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish R Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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25
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Li Y, Mo J, Liu J, Liang Y, Deng C, Huang Z, Jiang J, Liu M, Liu X, Shang L, Wang X, Xie X, Wang J. A micro-electroporation/electrophoresis-based vaccine screening system reveals the impact of vaccination orders on cross-protective immunity. iScience 2023; 26:108086. [PMID: 37860767 PMCID: PMC10582514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant emergence of mutated pathogens poses great challenges to the existing vaccine system. A screening system is needed to screen for antigen designs and vaccination strategies capable of inducing cross-protective immunity. Herein, we report a screening system based on DNA vaccines and a micro-electroporation/electrophoresis system (MEES), which greatly improved the efficacy of DNA vaccines, elevating humoral and cellular immune responses by over 400- and 35-fold respectively. Eighteen vaccination strategies were screened simultaneously by sequential immunization with vaccines derived from wildtype (WT) SARS-CoV-2, Delta, or Omicron BA.1 variant. Sequential vaccination of BA.1-WT-Delta vaccines with MEES induced potent neutralizing antibodies against all three viral strains and BA.5 variant, demonstrating that cross-protective immunity against future mutants can be successfully induced by existing strain-derived vaccines when a proper combination and order of sequential vaccination are used. Our screening system could be used for fast-seeking vaccination strategies for emerging pathogens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jingshan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, GuangZhou Eighth People′s Hospital, GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiguanxi Deng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhangping Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Liru Shang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiafeng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
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26
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Santos da Silva E, Servais JY, Kohnen M, Arendt V, Staub T, Krüger R, Fagherazzi G, Wilmes P, Hübschen JM, Ollert M, Perez-Bercoff D, Seguin-Devaux C. Validation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Neutralization Test Detecting Neutralizing Antibodies against the Major Variants of Concern. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14965. [PMID: 37834413 PMCID: PMC10573711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination elicit a broad range of neutralizing antibody responses against the different variants of concern (VOC). We established a new variant-adapted surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and assessed the neutralization activity against the ancestral B.1 (WT) and VOC Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5. Analytical performances were compared against the respective VOC to the reference virus neutralization test (VNT) and two CE-IVD labeled kits using three different cohorts collected during the COVID-19 waves. Correlation analyses showed moderate to strong correlation for Omicron sub-variants (Spearman's r = 0.7081 for BA.1, r = 0.7205 for BA.2, and r = 0.6042 for BA.5), and for WT (r = 0.8458) and Delta-sVNT (r = 0.8158), respectively. Comparison of the WT-sVNT performance with two CE-IVD kits, the "Icosagen SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody ELISA kit" and the "Genscript cPass, kit" revealed an overall good correlation ranging from 0.8673 to -0.8773 and a midway profile between both commercial kits with 87.76% sensitivity and 90.48% clinical specificity. The BA.2-sVNT performance was similar to the BA.2 Genscript test. Finally, a correlation analysis revealed a strong association (r = 0.8583) between BA.5-sVNT and VNT sVNT using a double-vaccinated cohort (n = 100) and an Omicron-breakthrough infection cohort (n = 91). In conclusion, the sVNT allows for the efficient prediction of immune protection against the various VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Santos da Silva
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Jean-Yves Servais
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Michel Kohnen
- National Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (V.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Vic Arendt
- National Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (V.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Therese Staub
- National Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (V.A.); (T.S.)
| | | | | | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health; Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1AB Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Judith M. Hübschen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Danielle Perez-Bercoff
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
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27
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Iwamoto M, Duncan KE, Wickremasingha PK, Zhao T, Liberti MV, Lemoine L, Decaesteker T, Rottey S, Maas BM, Gillespie G, Stoch SA. Assessment of pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability following twice-daily administration of molnupiravir for 10 days in healthy participants. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:1947-1956. [PMID: 37526305 PMCID: PMC10582664 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molnupiravir is an orally administered, small-molecule ribonucleoside prodrug of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) that has demonstrated potent, broad-spectrum preclinical activity against RNA viruses and has a high barrier to the development of resistance. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trial was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and tolerability of 10.5-day administration of multiple doses of molnupiravir and its metabolites in healthy, adult participants. Participants were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive molnupiravir (400 mg [n = 6], 600 mg [n = 6], and 800 mg [n = 12]) or matching placebo (n = 8) every 12 h (q12h) for 10.5 days. Blood was collected to evaluate the PKs of NHC in plasma and of its active metabolite, NHC-triphosphate (NHC-TP), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Molnupiravir was generally well-tolerated. All adverse events were mild or moderate in severity and none led to treatment discontinuation. No clinically meaningful dose-related safety findings were observed. Mean time to maximal concentration was ~1.50 to 1.98 h for plasma NHC and ~4.00 to 8.06 h for PBMC NHC-TP. Accumulation was minimal (<1.2) for NHC and ~2- to 2.5-fold for NHC-TP. Plasma NHC PKs was generally dose proportional, and PBMC NHC-TP PKs was less than dose proportional over the dose range studied. NHC and NHC-TP PK support twice-daily administration. Overall, molnupiravir administered at up to 800 mg q12h for 10.5 days was generally well-tolerated in healthy participants with dose-linear PKs, supporting the evaluation of longer molnupiravir dosing up to 10 days in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tian Zhao
- Merck & Co., Inc.RahwayNew JerseyUSA
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28
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Wang R, Huang H, Yu C, Sun C, Ma J, Kong D, Lin Y, Zhao D, Zhou S, Lu J, Cao S, Zhang Y, Luo C, Li X, Wang Y, Xie L. A spike-trimer protein-based tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine elicits enhanced breadth of neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants and other variants. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1818-1830. [PMID: 36598621 PMCID: PMC9811042 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent vaccines combining crucial mutations from phylogenetically divergent variants could be an effective approach to defend against existing and future SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we developed a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine SCTV01E, based on the trimeric Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, with a squalene-based oil-in-water adjuvant SCT-VA02B. In the immunogenicity studies in naïve BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice, SCTV01E exhibited the most favorable immunogenic characteristics to induce balanced and broad-spectrum neutralizing potencies against pre-Omicron variants (D614G, Alpha, Beta, and Delta) and newly emerging Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, and BA.4/5). Booster studies in C57BL/6J mice previously immunized with D614G monovalent vaccine demonstrated superior neutralizing capacities of SCTV01E against Omicron subvariants, compared with the D614G booster regimen. Furthermore, SCTV01E vaccination elicited naïve and central memory T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain and Omicron spike peptides. Together, our comprehensive immunogenicity evaluation results indicate that SCTV01E could become an important COVID-19 vaccine platform to combat surging infections caused by the highly immune evasive BA.4/5 variants. SCTV01E is currently being studied in a head-to-head immunogenicity comparison phase 3 clinical study with inactivated and mRNA vaccines (NCT05323461).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hongpeng Huang
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chulin Yu
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chunyun Sun
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yalong Lin
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Shaozheng Zhou
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jianbo Lu
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Sai Cao
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chunxia Luo
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Protein and Antibody R&D Engineering Center, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China.
- Cell Culture Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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29
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Li X, Liu H, Gao L, Sherchan SP, Zhou T, Khan SJ, van Loosdrecht MCM, Wang Q. Wastewater-based epidemiology predicts COVID-19-induced weekly new hospital admissions in over 150 USA counties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4548. [PMID: 37507407 PMCID: PMC10382499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emergency status is easing, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect healthcare systems globally. It is crucial to have a reliable and population-wide prediction tool for estimating COVID-19-induced hospital admissions. We evaluated the feasibility of using wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to predict COVID-19-induced weekly new hospitalizations in 159 counties across 45 states in the United States of America (USA), covering a population of nearly 100 million. Using county-level weekly wastewater surveillance data (over 20 months), WBE-based models were established through the random forest algorithm. WBE-based models accurately predicted the county-level weekly new admissions, allowing a preparation window of 1-4 weeks. In real applications, periodically updated WBE-based models showed good accuracy and transferability, with mean absolute error within 4-6 patients/100k population for upcoming weekly new hospitalization numbers. Our study demonstrated the potential of using WBE as an effective method to provide early warnings for healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Stuart J Khan
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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30
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Tamura T, Yamasoba D, Oda Y, Ito J, Kamasaki T, Nao N, Hashimoto R, Fujioka Y, Suzuki R, Wang L, Ito H, Kashima Y, Kimura I, Kishimoto M, Tsuda M, Sawa H, Yoshimatsu K, Yamamoto Y, Nagamoto T, Kanamune J, Suzuki Y, Ohba Y, Yokota I, Matsuno K, Takayama K, Tanaka S, Sato K, Fukuhara T. Comparative pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants including BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5. Commun Biol 2023; 6:772. [PMID: 37488344 PMCID: PMC10366110 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The unremitting emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants necessitates ongoing control measures. Given its rapid spread, the new Omicron subvariant BA.5 requires urgent characterization. Here, we comprehensively analyzed BA.5 with the other Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and ancestral B.1.1. Although in vitro growth kinetics of BA.5 was comparable among the Omicron subvariants, BA.5 was much more fusogenic than BA.1 and BA.2. Airway-on-a-chip analysis showed that, among Omicron subvariants, BA.5 had enhanced ability to disrupt the respiratory epithelial and endothelial barriers. Furthermore, in our hamster model, in vivo pathogenicity of BA.5 was slightly higher than that of the other Omicron variants and less than that of ancestral B.1.1. Notably, BA.5 gains efficient virus spread compared with BA.1 and BA.2, leading to prompt immune responses. Our findings suggest that BA.5 has low pathogenicity compared with the ancestral strain but enhanced virus spread /inflammation compared with earlier Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daichi Yamasoba
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ito
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kamasaki
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rina Hashimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fujioka
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukie Kashima
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Yokota
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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Jäger M, Diem G, Sahanic S, Fux V, Griesmacher A, Lass-Flörl C, Wilflingseder D, Tancevski I, Posch W. Immunity of Heterologously and Homologously Boosted or Convalescent Individuals Against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 Variants. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:160-168. [PMID: 36869832 PMCID: PMC10345468 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 demonstrate higher transmission and infection rates than previous variants of concern. To evaluate effectiveness of heterologous and homologous booster vaccination, we directly compared cellular and humoral immune responses as well as neutralizing capacity against replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 wild type, Delta, and Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum samples from 137 participants were investigated, in 3 major groups. Individuals in the first group were vaccinated twice with ChAdOx1 and boosted with a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273); the second group included triple mRNA--vaccinated participants, and the third group, twice-vaccinated and convalescent individuals. RESULTS Vaccination and convalescence resulted in the highest SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels, stronger T-cell responses, and best neutralization against wild type, Delta Omicron BA.2, and BA.4/5, while a combination of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccination elevated neutralizing capacity against Omicron BA.1. In addition, heterologous booster regimens, compared with homologous regimens, showed higher efficacy against Omicron BA.2 as well as BA.4/5. CONCLUSIONS We showed that twice-vaccinated and convalescent individuals demonstrated the strongest immunity against Omicron BA.2 and BA.4/5 variant, followed by those receiving heterologous and homologous booster vaccine regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jäger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vilmos Fux
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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32
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Ju B, Fan Q, Liu C, Shen S, Wang M, Guo H, Zhou B, Ge X, Zhang Z. Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 unprecedentedly escape broadly neutralizing antibodies elicited by prototype vaccination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112532. [PMID: 37219999 PMCID: PMC10201307 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariants have seriously attacked the antibody barrier established by natural infection and/or vaccination, especially the recently emerged BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. However, crucial mechanisms underlying the virus escape and the broad neutralization remain elusive. Here, we present a panoramic analysis of broadly neutralizing activity and binding epitopes of 75 monoclonal antibodies isolated from prototype inactivated vaccinees. Nearly all neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) partly or totally lose their neutralization against BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. We report a broad nAb, VacBB-551, that effectively neutralizes all tested subvariants including BA.2.75, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1. We determine the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of VacBB-551 complexed with the BA.2 spike and perform detailed functional verification to reveal the molecular basis of N460K and F486V/S mutations mediating the partial escape of BA.2.75, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 from the neutralization of VacBB-551. Overall, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 raised the alarm over SARS-CoV-2 evolution with unprecedented antibody evasion from broad nAbs elicited by prototype vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ju
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qing Fan
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Senlin Shen
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Ge
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China; Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China.
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33
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Chan BCL, Li P, Tsang MSM, Sung JCC, Kwong KWY, Zheng T, Hon SSM, Lau CP, Cheng W, Chen F, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Wong CK. Creating a Vaccine-like Supplement against Respiratory Infection Using Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Natural Products. Molecules 2023; 28:4996. [PMID: 37446658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method of combating COVID-19 infection, but people with a psychological fear of needles and side effects are hesitant to receive the current vaccination, and alternative delivery methods may help. Bacillus subtilis, a harmless intestinal commensal, has recently earned a strong reputation as a vaccine production host and delivery vector, with advantages such as low cost, safety for human consumption, and straightforward oral administration. In this study, we have succeeded generating "S spores" by engineering B. subtilis with spore coat proteins resembling the spike (S) protein of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. With the addition of two immunostimulating natural products as adjuvants, namely Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), oral administration of S spores could elicit mild immune responses against COVID-19 infection without toxicity. Mucosal IgA against the S protein was enhanced by co-feeding with AM and CV in an S spores-inoculated mouse model. Faster and stronger IgG responses against the S protein were observed when the mice were fed with S spores prior to vaccination with the commercial COVID-19 vaccine CoronaVac. In vitro studies demonstrated that AM, CV, and B. subtilis spores could dose-dependently activate both macrophages and dendritic cells by secreting innate immunity-related IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and some other proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. In conclusion, the combination of S spores with AM and CV may be helpful in developing a vaccine-like supplement against respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | | | | | - Tao Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharon Sze-Man Hon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang L, Zheng Z, Zhu S, Luo G, Gao B, Ma Y, Xu S, Dong H, Lei C. Changes in early postoperative outcomes and complications observed in a single center during the 2022 COVID-19 pandemic wave in China: A single-center ambispective cohort study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023:00029330-990000000-00656. [PMID: 37310058 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the effect of the 2022 nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave on the perioperative prognosis of surgical patients in China is unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore its influence on postoperative morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. METHODS An ambispective cohort study was conducted at Xijing Hospital, China. We collected 10-day time-series data from December 29 until January 7 for the 2018-2022 period. The primary outcome was major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo class III-V). The association between COVID-19 exposure and postoperative prognosis was explored by comparing consecutive 5-year data at the population level and by comparing patients with and without COVID-19 exposure at the patient level. RESULTS The entire cohort consisted of 3350 patients (age: 48.5 ± 19.2 years), including 1759 females (52.5%). Overall, 961 (28.7%) underwent emergency surgery, and 553 (16.5%) had COVID-19 exposure (from the 2022 cohort). At the population level, major postoperative complications occurred in 5.9% (42/707), 5.7% (53/935), 5.1% (46/901), 9.4% (11/117), and 22.0% (152/690) patients in the 2018-2022 cohorts, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the 2022 cohort (80% patients with COVID-19 history) had a significantly higher postoperative major complication risk than did the 2018 cohort (adjusted risk difference [aRD], 14.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5-18.4%); adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.19 (95% CI, 5.24-12.81)). At the patient level, the incidence of major postoperative complications was significantly greater in patients with (24.6%, 136/553) than that in patients without COVID-19 history (6.0% [168/2797]; aRD, 17.8% [95% CI, 13.6-22.1%]; aOR, 7.89 [95% CI, 5.76-10.83]). Secondary outcomes of postoperative pulmonary complications were consistent with primary findings. These findings were verified through sensitivity analyses using time-series data projections and propensity score matching. CONCLUSION Based on a single-center observation, patients with recent COVID-19 exposure were likely to have a high incidence of major postoperative complications. REGISTRATION NCT05677815 at https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lini Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ziyu Zheng
- Anesthesia Clinical Research Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shouqiang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Baobao Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yumei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chong Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Hastie KM, Yu X, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Zyla DS, Harkins SS, Hariharan C, Wasserman H, Zandonatti MA, Miller R, Maule E, Kim K, Valentine KM, Shresta S, Saphire EO. Potent Omicron-neutralizing antibodies isolated from a patient vaccinated 6 months before Omicron emergence. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112421. [PMID: 37083327 PMCID: PMC10083196 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are an important tool in the arsenal against coronavirus infection. However, most antibodies developed early in the pandemic have lost most or all efficacy against newly emergent strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), particularly those of the Omicron lineage. Here, we report the identification of a panel of vaccinee-derived antibodies that have broad-spectrum neutralization activity. Structural and biochemical characterization of the three broadest-spectrum antibodies reveal complementary footprints and differing requirements for avidity to overcome variant-associated mutations in their binding footprints. In the K18 mouse model of infection, these three antibodies exhibit protective efficacy against BA.1 and BA.2 infection. This study highlights the resilience and vulnerabilities of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and provides road maps for further development of broad-spectrum therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dawid S Zyla
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephanie S Harkins
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chitra Hariharan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hal Wasserman
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michelle A Zandonatti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robyn Miller
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erin Maule
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristen M Valentine
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92038, USA.
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Choi SH, Park JY, Kweon OJ, Park JH, Kim MC, Lim Y, Chung JW. Immune Responses After Vaccination With Primary 2-Dose ChAdOx1 Plus a Booster of BNT162b2 or Vaccination With Primary 2-Dose BNT162b2 Plus a Booster of BNT162b2 and the Occurrence of Omicron Breakthrough Infection. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e155. [PMID: 37218354 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before the omicron era, health care workers were usually vaccinated with either the primary 2-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) series plus a booster dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (CCB group) or the primary 2-dose BNT162b2 series plus a booster dose of BNT162b2 (BBB group) in Korea. METHODS The two groups were compared using quantification of the surrogate virus neutralization test for wild type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SVNT-WT), the omicron variant (SVNT-O), spike-specific IgG, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), as well as the omicron breakthrough infection cases. RESULTS There were 113 participants enrolled in the CCB group and 51 enrolled in the BBB group. Before and after booster vaccination, the median SVNT-WT and SVNT-O values were lower in the CCB (SVNT-WT [before-after]: 72.02-97.61%, SVNT-O: 15.18-42.29%) group than in the BBB group (SVNT-WT: 89.19-98.11%, SVNT-O: 23.58-68.56%; all P < 0.001). Although the median IgG concentrations were different between the CCB and BBB groups after the primary series (2.677 vs. 4.700 AU/mL, respectively, P < 0.001), they were not different between the two groups after the booster vaccination (7.246 vs. 7.979 AU/mL, respectively, P = 0.108). In addition, the median IFN-γ concentration was higher in the BBB group than in the CCB group (550.5 and 387.5 mIU/mL, respectively, P = 0.014). There was also a difference in the cumulative incidence curves over time (CCB group 50.0% vs. BBB group 41.8%; P = 0.045), indicating that breakthrough infection occurred faster in the CCB group. CONCLUSION The cellular and humoral immune responses were low in the CCB group so that the breakthrough infection occurred faster in the CCB group than in the BBB group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Joo Kweon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Joung Ha Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea
| | - Yaeji Lim
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Miyamoto S, Kuroda Y, Kanno T, Ueno A, Shiwa-Sudo N, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Sakai Y, Nagata N, Arashiro T, Ainai A, Moriyama S, Kishida N, Watanabe S, Nojima K, Seki Y, Mizukami T, Hasegawa H, Ebihara H, Fukushi S, Takahashi Y, Maeda K, Suzuki T. Saturation time of exposure interval for cross-neutralization response to SARS-CoV-2: Implications for vaccine dose interval. iScience 2023; 26:106694. [PMID: 37124417 PMCID: PMC10114312 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the serum cross-neutralization responses after breakthrough infection with various SARS-CoV-2 variants provides valuable insight for developing variant-proof COVID-19 booster vaccines. However, fairly comparing the impact of breakthrough infections with distinct epidemic timing on cross-neutralization responses, influenced by the exposure interval between vaccination and infection, is challenging. To compare the impact of pre-Omicron to Omicron breakthrough infection, we estimated the effects on cross-neutralizing responses by the exposure interval using Bayesian hierarchical modeling. The saturation time required to generate saturated cross-neutralization responses differed by variant, with variants more antigenically distant from the ancestral strain requiring longer intervals of 2-4 months. The breadths of saturated cross-neutralization responses to Omicron lineages were comparable in pre-Omicron and Omicron breakthrough infections. Our results highlight the importance of vaccine dosage intervals of 4 months or longer, regardless of the antigenicity of the exposed antigen, to maximize the breadth of serum cross-neutralization covering SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yudai Kuroda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Ueno
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nozomi Shiwa-Sudo
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arashiro
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Nojima
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yohei Seki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Davies ER, Ryan KA, Bewley KR, Coombes NS, Salguero FJ, Carnell OT, Biddlecombe S, Charlton M, Challis A, Cross ES, Handley A, Ngabo D, Weldon TM, Hall Y, Funnell SGP. The Omicron Sub-Variant BA.4 Displays a Remarkable Lack of Clinical Signs in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1133. [PMID: 37243219 PMCID: PMC10224153 DOI: 10.3390/v15051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus variants remains a source of concern because it is accompanied by the potential for increased virulence as well as evasion of immunity. Here we show that, although having an almost identical spike gene sequence as another Omicron variant (BA.5.2.1), a BA.4 isolate lacked all the typical disease characteristics of other isolates seen in the Golden Syrian hamster model despite replicating almost as effectively. Animals infected with BA.4 had similar viral shedding profiles to those seen with BA.5.2.1 (up to day 6 post-infection), but they all failed to lose weight or present with any other significant clinical signs. We hypothesize that this lack of detectable signs of disease during infection with BA.4 was due to a small (nine nucleotide) deletion (∆686-694) in the viral genome (ORF1ab) responsible for the production of non-structural protein 1, which resulted in the loss of three amino acids (aa 141-143).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Davies
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kathryn A. Ryan
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kevin R. Bewley
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Naomi S. Coombes
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Oliver T. Carnell
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Sarah Biddlecombe
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Michael Charlton
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Amy Challis
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Eleanor S. Cross
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Alastair Handley
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Didier Ngabo
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Thomas M. Weldon
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Yper Hall
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Simon G. P. Funnell
- UKHSA Porton, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- World Health Organization, Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Vikström L, Fjällström P, Gwon YD, Sheward DJ, Wigren-Byström J, Evander M, Bladh O, Widerström M, Molnar C, Rasmussen G, Bennet L, Åberg M, Björk J, Tevell S, Thålin C, Blom K, Klingström J, Murrell B, Ahlm C, Normark J, Johansson AF, Forsell MNE. Vaccine-induced correlate of protection against fatal COVID-19 in older and frail adults during waves of neutralization-resistant variants of concern: an observational study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023:100646. [PMID: 37363799 PMCID: PMC10163377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background To inform future preventive measures including repeated vaccinations, we have searched for a clinically useful immune correlate of protection against fatal COVID-19 among nursing homes residents. Methods We performed repeated capillary blood sampling with analysis of S-binding IgG in an open cohort of nursing home residents in Sweden. We analyzed immunological and registry data from 16 September 2021 to 31 August 2022 with follow-up of deaths to 30 September 2022. The study period included implementation of the 3rd and 4th mRNA monovalent vaccine doses and Omicron virus waves. Findings A total of 3012 nursing home residents with median age 86 were enrolled. The 3rd mRNA dose elicited a 99-fold relative increase of S-binding IgG in blood and corresponding increase of neutralizing antibodies. The 4th mRNA vaccine dose boosted levels 3.8-fold. Half-life of S-binding IgG was 72 days. A total 528 residents acquired their first SARS-CoV-2 infection after the 3rd or the 4th vaccine dose and the associated 30-day mortality was 9.1%. We found no indication that levels of vaccine-induced antibodies protected against infection with Omicron VOCs. In contrast, the risk of death was inversely correlated to levels of S-directed IgG below the 20th percentile. The death risk plateaued at population average above the lower 35th percentile of S-binding IgG. Interpretation In the absence of neutralizing antibodies that protect from infection, quantification of S-binding IgG post vaccination may be useful to identify the most vulnerable for fatal COVID-19 among the oldest and frailest. This information is of importance for future strategies to protect vulnerable populations against neutralization resistant variants of concern. Funding Swedish Research Council, SciLifeLab via Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, VINNOVA. Swedish Healthcare Regions, and Erling Persson Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Vikström
- The Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Fjällström
- The Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yong-Dae Gwon
- The Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Sheward
- The Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Evander
- The Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oscar Bladh
- The Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Micael Widerström
- The Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Louise Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Åberg
- The Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Björk
- The Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Staffan Tevell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Department of Infectious Diseases, Karlstad Hospital and Centre for Clinical Research and Education, Region Värmland, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- The Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Blom
- The Swedish Public Health Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- The Department of Biomedical Clinical Sciences, Linköpings University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ben Murrell
- The Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- The Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Normark
- The Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Simão AL, Palma CS, Izquierdo-Sanchez L, Putignano A, Carvalho-Gomes A, Posch A, Zanaga P, Girleanu I, Henrique MM, Araújo C, Degre D, Gustot T, Sahuco I, Spagnolo E, Carvalhana S, Moura M, Fernandes DAE, Banales JM, Romero-Gomez M, Trifan A, Russo FP, Stauber R, Berenguer M, Moreno C, Gonçalves J, Cortez-Pinto H, Castro RE. Cirrhosis is associated with lower serological responses to COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100697. [PMID: 36844943 PMCID: PMC9939238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The response of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) to COVID-19 vaccines remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the humoral immune response and efficacy of two-dose COVID-19 vaccines among patients with CLD of different aetiologies and disease stages. Methods A total of 357 patients were recruited in clinical centres from six European countries, and 132 healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum IgG (nM), IgM (nM), and neutralising antibodies (%) against the Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.617, and B.1.1.529 SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins were determined before vaccination (T0) and 14 days (T2) and 6 months (T3) after the second-dose vaccination. Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria at T2 (n = 212) were stratified into 'low' or 'high' responders according to IgG levels. Infection rates and severity were collected throughout the study. Results Wuhan-Hu-1 IgG, IgM, and neutralisation levels significantly increased from T0 to T2 in patients vaccinated with BNT162b2 (70.3%), mRNA-1273 (18.9%), or ChAdOx1 (10.8%). In multivariate analysis, age, cirrhosis, and type of vaccine (ChAdOx1 > BNT162b2 > mRNA-1273) predicted 'low' humoral response, whereas viral hepatitis and antiviral therapy predicted 'high' humoral response. Compared with Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.617 and, further, B.1.1.529 IgG levels were significantly lower at both T2 and T3. Compared with healthy individuals, patients with CLD presented with lower B.1.1.529 IgGs at T2 with no additional key differences. No major clinical or immune IgG parameters associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection rates or vaccine efficacy. Conclusions Patients with CLD and cirrhosis exhibit lower immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination, irrespective of disease aetiology. The type of vaccine leads to different antibody responses that appear not to associate with distinct efficacy, although this needs validation in larger cohorts with a more balanced representation of all vaccines. Impact and Implications In patients with CLD vaccinated with two-dose vaccines, age, cirrhosis, and type of vaccine (Vaxzevria > Pfizer BioNTech > Moderna) predict a 'lower' humoral response, whereas viral hepatitis aetiology and prior antiviral therapy predict a 'higher' humoral response. This differential response appears not to associate with SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence or vaccine efficacy. However, compared with Wuhan-Hu-1, humoral immunity was lower for the Delta and Omicron variants, and all decreased after 6 months. As such, patients with CLD, particularly those older and with cirrhosis, should be prioritised for receiving booster doses and/or recently approved adapted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lopes Simão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Santos Palma
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Antonella Putignano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, C.U.B. Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angela Carvalho-Gomes
- Hepatology & Liver Transplantation Unit, La Fe University Hospital, University of Valencia, CIBER-EHD and IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Posch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paola Zanaga
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Irina Girleanu
- ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘St. Spiridon’ Emergency Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Moura Henrique
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Araújo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Delphine Degre
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Erasme Campus, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gustot
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Erasme Campus, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iván Sahuco
- Hepatology & Liver Transplantation Unit, La Fe University Hospital, University of Valencia, CIBER-EHD and IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elia Spagnolo
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Carvalhana
- Departamento de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Moura
- Departamento de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo AE. Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jesus M. Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- Digestive Diseases Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS: HUVRocío/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Anca Trifan
- ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘St. Spiridon’ Emergency Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Rudolf Stauber
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marina Berenguer
- Hepatology & Liver Transplantation Unit, La Fe University Hospital, University of Valencia, CIBER-EHD and IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, C.U.B. Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - João Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Departamento de Gastrenterologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E. Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Faraone JN, Qu P, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Anghelina M, Stevens P, Fernandez S, Jones D, Lozanski G, Panchal A, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Neutralization escape of Omicron XBB, BR.2, and BA.2.3.20 subvariants. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101049. [PMID: 37148877 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
New Omicron subvariants continue to emerge throughout the world. In particular, the XBB subvariant, which is a recombinant virus between BA.2.10.1.1 and BA.2.75.3.1.1.1, as well as the BA.2.3.20 and BR.2 subvariants that contain mutations distinct from BA.2 and BA.2.75, are currently increasing in proportion of variants sequenced. Here we show that antibodies induced by 3-dose mRNA booster vaccination as well as BA.1- and BA.4/5-wave infection effectively neutralize BA.2, BR.2, and BA.2.3.20 but have significantly reduced efficiency against XBB. In addition, the BA.2.3.20 subvariant exhibits enhanced infectivity in the lung-derived CaLu-3 cells and in 293T-ACE2 cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that the XBB subvariant is highly neutralization resistant, which highlights the need for continued monitoring of the immune escape and tissue tropism of emerging Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mirela Anghelina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Guo H, Jiang J, Shen S, Ge X, Fan Q, Zhou B, Cheng L, Ju B, Zhang Z. Additional mutations based on Omicron BA.2.75 mediate its further evasion from broadly neutralizing antibodies. iScience 2023; 26:106283. [PMID: 36925722 PMCID: PMC9969747 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 subvariant has evolved to a series of progeny variants carrying several additional mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Here, we investigated whether and how these single mutations based on BA.2.75 affect the neutralization of currently available anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with well-defined structural information. Approximately 34% of mAbs maintained effective neutralizing activities against BA.2.75, consistent with those against BA.2, BA.4/5, and BA.2.12.1. Single additional R346T, K356T, L452R, or F486S mutations further facilitated BA.2.75-related progeny variants to escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) at different degree. Only LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab) displayed a first-class neutralization potency and breadth against all tested Omicron subvariants. Overall, these data make a clear connection between virus escape and antibody recognizing antigenic epitopes, which facilitate to develop next-generation universal bnAbs against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Senlin Shen
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Xiangyang Ge
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Bin Ju
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
- Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
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Qu P, Faraone JN, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Carlin C, Anghelina M, Stevens P, Fernandez S, Jones D, Panchal AR, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, Zhang B, Zhou T, Xu K, Gumina RJ, Liu SL. Enhanced evasion of neutralizing antibody response by Omicron XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112443. [PMID: 37104089 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Omicron subvariants continuingly challenge current vaccination strategies. Here, we demonstrate nearly complete escape of the XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants from neutralizing antibodies stimulated by three doses of mRNA vaccine or by BA.4/5 wave infection, but neutralization is rescued by a BA.5-containing bivalent booster. CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 show strong immune escape from monoclonal antibody S309. Additionally, XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 spike proteins exhibit increased fusogenicity and enhanced processing compared with BA.2. Homology modeling reveals the key roles of G252V and F486P in the neutralization resistance of XBB.1.5, with F486P also enhancing receptor binding. Further, K444T/M and L452R in CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 likely drive escape from class II neutralizing antibodies, whereas R346T and G339H mutations could confer the strong neutralization resistance of these two subvariants to S309-like antibodies. Overall, our results support the need for administration of the bivalent mRNA vaccine and continued surveillance of Omicron subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia N Faraone
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P Evans
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire Carlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mirela Anghelina
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashish R Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Animal Sciences Department, OARDC, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Estephan L, Lin YC, Lin YT, Chen YH, Pan SC, Hsieh SM, Torkehagen PF, Weng YJ, Cheng HY, Estrada JA, Waits A, Chen C, En Lien C. Safety and immunogenicity of homologous versus heterologous booster dose with AZD1222, mRNA-1273, or MVC-COV1901 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adults: An observer-blinded, multi-center, phase 2 randomized trial. Vaccine 2023; 41:3497-3505. [PMID: 37080829 PMCID: PMC10090360 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the safety and immunogenicity profile of a protein subunit vaccine (MVC-COV1901) compared to AZD1222 and mRNA-1273 when given as a third (booster) dose to individuals who have completed different primary vaccine regimens. METHODS Individuals were classified according to their primary vaccine regimens, including two-dose MVC-COV1901, AZD1222, or mRNA-1273. A third dose of either half-dose MVC-COV1901, full-dose MVC-COV1901, standard-dose AZD1222, half-dose mRNA-1273 was administered in a 1:1:1:1 treatment ratio to individuals with an interval range of 84-365 days after the second dose. Endpoints included safety, humoral immunogenicity, and cell-mediated immune response on trial days 15 and 29. Exploratory endpoint included testing against variants of concern (Omicron). RESULTS Overall, 803 participants were randomized and boosted - 201 received half-dose MVC-COV1901, 196 received full-dose MVC-COV1901, 203 received AZD1222, and 203 received half-dose mRNA-1273. Reactogenicity was mild to moderate, and less in the MVC-COV1901 booster group. Heterologous boosting provided the best immunogenic response. Boosting with mRNA-1273 in MVC-COV1901 primed individuals induced the highest antibody titers, even against Omicron, and cell-mediated immune response. CONCLUSIONS Overall, MVC-COV1901 as a booster showed the best safety profiles. MVC-COV1901 as a primary series, with either homologous or heterologous booster, elicited the highest immunogenic response. CLINICALTRIALS gov registration NCT05197153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Estephan
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ching Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Jen Weng
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Alexander Waits
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Chia En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Carlin AF, Clark AE, Garretson AF, Bray W, Porrachia M, Santos AT, Rana TM, Chaillon A, Smith DM. Neutralizing Antibody Responses After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 Infection Do Not Neutralize BA.4 and BA.5 and Can Be Blunted by Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Treatment. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad154. [PMID: 37096144 PMCID: PMC10122487 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors contributing to the rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants in populations that experienced recent surges of BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 infections are not understood. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are likely to protect against severe disease if present in sufficient quantity. We found that after BA.2 or BA.2.12.1 infection, NAb responses were largely cross-neutralizing but were much less effective against BA.5. In addition, individuals who were infected and treated early with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) had lower NAb levels than untreated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Carlin
- Correspondence: Aaron F. Carlin, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, GPL 118, La Jolla, CA 92093-0640 (). Davey M. Smith, MD, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 ()
| | | | - Aaron F Garretson
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - William Bray
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Magali Porrachia
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - AsherLev T Santos
- Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health and Human Services, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California, USA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Antoine Chaillon
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Davey M Smith
- Correspondence: Aaron F. Carlin, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, GPL 118, La Jolla, CA 92093-0640 (). Davey M. Smith, MD, Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 ()
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46
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Peng D, Zhao T, Hong W, Fu M, He C, Chen L, Ren W, Lei H, Yang J, Alu A, Ni Y, Liu J, Li J, Wang W, Shen G, Zhao Z, Yang L, Yang J, Wang Z, Tanaka Y, Lu G, Song X, Wei X. Heterologous vaccination with subunit protein vaccine induces a superior neutralizing capacity against BA.4/5-included SARS-CoV-2 variants than homologous vaccination of mRNA vaccine. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e238. [PMID: 36911160 PMCID: PMC10000276 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BA.4 and BA.5 (BA.4/5), the subvariants of Omicron, are more transmissible than BA.1 with more robust immune evasion capability because of its unique spike protein mutations. In light of such situation, the vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is in desperate need of the third booster. It has been reported that heterologous boosters might produce more effective immunity against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the variants. Additionally, the third heterologous protein subunit booster should be considered potentially. In the present study, we prepared a Delta full-length spike protein sequence-based mRNA vaccine as the "priming" shot and developed a recombinant trimeric receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein vaccine referred to as RBD-HR/trimer as a third heterologous booster. Compared to the homologous mRNA group, the heterologous group (RBD-HR/trimer vaccine primed with two mRNA vaccines) induced higher neutralizing antibody titers against BA.4/5-included SARS-CoV-2 variants. In addition, heterologous vaccination exhibited stronger cellular immune response and long-lasting memory response than the homologous mRNA vaccine. In conclusion, a third heterologous boosting with RBD-HR/trimer following two-dose mRNA priming vaccination should be a superior strategy than a third homologous mRNA vaccine. The RBD-HR/trimer vaccine becomes an appropriate candidate for a booster immune injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Peng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tingmei Zhao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Minyang Fu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Cai He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenyan Ren
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hong Lei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yanghong Ni
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiong Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Guobo Shen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenling Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | | | - Guangwen Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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47
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Andreano E, Paciello I, Pierleoni G, Maccari G, Antonelli G, Abbiento V, Pileri P, Benincasa L, Giglioli G, Piccini G, De Santi C, Sala C, Medini D, Montomoli E, Maes P, Rappuoli R. mRNA vaccines and hybrid immunity use different B cell germlines against Omicron BA.4 and BA.5. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1734. [PMID: 36977711 PMCID: PMC10044118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 are characterized by high transmissibility and ability to escape natural and vaccine induced immunity. Here we test the neutralizing activity of 482 human monoclonal antibodies isolated from people who received two or three mRNA vaccine doses or from people vaccinated after infection. The BA.4 and BA.5 variants are neutralized only by approximately 15% of antibodies. Remarkably, the antibodies isolated after three vaccine doses target mainly the receptor binding domain Class 1/2, while antibodies isolated after infection recognize mostly the receptor binding domain Class 3 epitope region and the N-terminal domain. Different B cell germlines are used by the analyzed cohorts. The observation that mRNA vaccination and hybrid immunity elicit a different immunity against the same antigen is intriguing and its understanding may help to design the next generation of therapeutics and vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Andreano
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Ida Paciello
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Maccari
- Data Science for Health (DaScH) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Antonelli
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Abbiento
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Piero Pileri
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Concetta De Santi
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Sala
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Duccio Medini
- Data Science for Health (DaScH) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi Research S.r.l., Siena, Italy
- VisMederi S.r.l, Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
- Fondazione Biotecnopolo di Siena, Siena, Italy.
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48
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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Ni P, Hu B, Jolicoeur N, Deng S, Xiao Q, He Q, Li G, Xia Y, Liu M, Wang C, Fang Z, Xia N, Zhang ZR, Zhang B, Cai K, Xu Y, Liu B. PF-D-Trimer, a protective SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine: immunogenicity and application. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:38. [PMID: 36922524 PMCID: PMC10015519 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had and continues to have a significant impact on global public health. One of the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 is a surface homotrimeric spike protein, which is primarily responsible for the host immune response upon infection. Here we present the preclinical studies of a broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine developed from our trimer domain platform using the Delta spike protein, from antigen design through purification, vaccine evaluation and manufacturability. The pre-fusion trimerized Delta spike protein, PF-D-Trimer, was highly expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, purified by a rapid one-step anti-Trimer Domain monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity process and prepared as a vaccine formulation with an adjuvant. Immunogenicity studies have shown that this vaccine candidate induces robust immune responses in mouse, rat and Syrian hamster models. It also protects K18-hACE2 transgenic mice in a homologous viral challenge. Neutralizing antibodies induced by this vaccine show cross-reactivity against the ancestral WA1, Delta and several Omicrons, including BA.5.2. The formulated PF-D Trimer is stable for up to six months without refrigeration. The Trimer Domain platform was proven to be a key technology in the rapid production of PF-D-Trimer vaccine and may be crucial to accelerate the development and accessibility of updated versions of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhu Zhou
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Ni
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Shuang Deng
- Nova Biologiques Inc. Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Qian Xiao
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian He
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian Ning, China
| | - Gai Li
- Nova Biologiques Inc. Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yan Xia
- Nova Biologiques Inc. Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mei Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhizheng Fang
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Rui Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC), Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China. .,Nova Biologiques Inc. Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Binlei Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Wuhan Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian Ning, China.
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49
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Nazmunnahar, Ahmed I, Islam MR. Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for newly detected SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BF.7 subvariant: A brief report. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1127. [PMID: 36875932 PMCID: PMC9981880 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are always going on. The pathogenic characteristics of a virus are influenced by mutations in the viral genome. Therefore, the recently identified Omicron BF.7 subvariant might harm humans. Here we aimed to evaluate the potential risks of this newly detected variant and identify possible mitigation strategies. The frequent mutation associated with SARS-CoV-2 makes it more concerning compared to other viruses. The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has unique changes in the structural amino acid. Thus, Omicron subvariants are different from other coronavirus variants in terms of viral spread, disease severity, vaccine neutralization capacity, and immunity evade. Moreover, Omicron subvariant BF.7 is an offspring of BA.4 and BA.5. Similar S glycoprotein sequences are present among BF.7, BA.4, and BA.5. There is a change in the R346T gene in the receptor binding site of Omicron BF.7 than other Omicron subvariants. This BF.7 subvariant has created a limitation in current monoclonal antibody therapy. Omicron has mutated since it emerged, and the subvariants are improving in terms of transmission as well as antibody evasion. Therefore, the healthcare authorities should pay attention to the BF.7 subvariant of Omicron. The recent upsurge may create havoc all of a sudden. Scientists and researchers across the world should monitor the nature and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Also, they should find ways to fight the current circulatory variants and any future mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmunnahar
- Department of Sociology, Eden Women's CollegeNational University BangladeshGazipurBangladesh
| | - Iftekhar Ahmed
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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50
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Hu Y, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Liu N, Ju X, Ding Q, He Y. Design and characterization of novel SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors with N-terminally extended HR2 peptides. Antiviral Res 2023; 212:105571. [PMID: 36868315 PMCID: PMC9977133 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of potent and broad-spectrum antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 remains one of top priorities, especially in the case of that current vaccines cannot effectively prevent viral transmission. We previously generated a group of fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides, with one formulation being evaluated under clinical trials. In this study, we dedicated to characterize the extended N-terminal motif (residues 1161-1168) of the so-called spike (S) heptad repeat 2 (HR2) region. Alanine scanning analysis of this motif verified its critical roles in S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion. Using a panel of HR2 peptides with the N-terminal extensions, we identified a peptide termed P40, which contained four extended N-terminal residues (VDLG) and exhibited improved binding and antiviral activities, whereas the peptides with further extensions had no such effects. Then, we developed a new lipopeptide P40-LP by modifying P40 with cholesterol, which exhibited dramatically increased activities in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 variants including divergent Omicron sublineages. Moreover, P40-LP displayed a synergistic effect with IPB24 lipopeptide that was designed containing the C-terminally extended residues, and it could effectively inhibit other human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63. Taken together, our results have provided valuable insights for understanding the structure-function relationship of SARS-CoV-2 fusion protein and offered novel antiviral strategies to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanying Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nian Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaohui Ju
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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