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Xu L, Lu Y, Jiang J, Chen Q, Xu Y, Mi Q, Xiang H, Lu L, Li X, Gao Q, Li L. The 14-3-3 protein nt GF14e interacts with CIPK2 and increases low potassium stress in tobacco. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2359257. [PMID: 38825861 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2359257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) plays a role in enzyme activation, membrane transport, and osmotic regulation processes. An increase in potassium content can significantly improve the elasticity and combustibility of tobacco and reduce the content of harmful substances. Here, we report that the expression analysis of Nt GF14e, a 14-3-3 gene, increased markedly after low-potassium treatment (LK). Then, chlorophyll content, POD activity and potassium content, were significantly increased in overexpression of Nt GF14e transgenic tobacco lines compared with those in the wild type plants. The net K+ efflux rates were severely lower in the transgenic plants than in the wild type under LK stress. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified 5708 upregulated genes and 2787 downregulated genes between Nt GF14e overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants. The expression levels of some potassium-related genes were increased, such as CBL-interacting protein kinase 2 (CIPK2), Nt CIPK23, Nt CIPK25, H+-ATPase isoform 2 a (AHA2a), Nt AHA4a, Stelar K+ outward rectifier 1(SKOR1), and high affinity K+ transporter 5 (HAK5). The result of yeast two-hybrid and luciferase complementation imaging experiments suggested Nt GF14e could interact with CIPK2. Overall, these findings indicate that NtGF14e plays a vital roles in improving tobacco LK tolerance and enhancing potassium nutrition signaling pathways in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Lu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qili Mi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Lu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Moradi A, Lung SC, Chye ML. Interaction of Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Class II ACBPs with MPK2 and SAPK2 Kinases: New Insights into the Regulatory Mechanisms of Plant ACBPs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1146. [PMID: 38674555 PMCID: PMC11055065 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) function in plant development and stress responses, with some ACBPs interacting with protein partners. This study tested the interaction between two Class II GmACBPs (Glycine max ACBPs) and seven kinases, using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The results revealed that both GmACBP3.1 and GmACBP4.1 interact with two soybean kinases, a mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK2, and a serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK2, highlighting the significance of the ankyrin-repeat (ANK) domain in facilitating protein-protein interactions. Moreover, an in vitro kinase assay and subsequent Phos-tag SDS-PAGE determined that GmMPK2 and GmSAPK2 possess the ability to phosphorylate Class II GmACBPs. Additionally, the kinase-specific phosphosites for Class II GmACBPs were predicted using databases. The HDOCK server was also utilized to predict the binding models of Class II GmACBPs with these two kinases, and the results indicated that the affected residues were located in the ANK region of Class II GmACBPs in both docking models, aligning with the findings of the Y2H and BiFC experiments. This is the first report describing the interaction between Class II GmACBPs and kinases, suggesting that Class II GmACBPs have potential as phospho-proteins that impact signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China;
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Zheng Q, Xin J, Zhao C, Tian R. Role of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase in the regulation of plant response to heavy metal stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:103. [PMID: 38502356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Methylglyoxal and glyoxalase function a significant role in plant response to heavy metal stress. We update and discuss the most recent developments of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase in regulating plant response to heavy metal stress. Methylglyoxal (MG), a by-product of several metabolic processes, is created by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to heavy metal stress (HMS). Changes in MG content and glyoxalase (GLY) activity under HMS imply that they may be potential biomarkers of plant stress resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the mechanisms of MG and GLY in the regulation of plant responses to HMS. It has been discovered that appropriate concentrations of MG assist plants in maintaining a balance between growth and development and survival defense, therefore shielding them from heavy metal harm. MG and GLY regulate plant physiological processes by remodeling cellular redox homeostasis, regulating stomatal movement, and crosstalking with other signaling molecules (including abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, cytokinin, salicylic acid, melatonin, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide). We also discuss the involvement of MG and GLY in the regulation of plant responses to HMS at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolic levels. Lastly, considering the current state of research, we present a perspective on the future direction of MG research to elucidate the MG anti-stress mechanism and offer a theoretical foundation and useful advice for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zheng
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianpan Xin
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chu Zhao
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runan Tian
- College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Scheible N, Henning PM, McCubbin AG. Calmodulin-Domain Protein Kinase PiCDPK1 Interacts with the 14-3-3-like Protein NtGF14 to Modulate Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:451. [PMID: 38337984 PMCID: PMC10857193 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-mediated signaling pathways are known to play important roles in the polar growth of pollen tubes. The calcium-dependent protein kinase, PiCDPK1, has been shown to be involved in regulating this process through interaction with a guanine dissociation inhibitor, PiRhoGDI1. To more fully understand the role of PiCDPK1 in pollen tube extension, we designed a pull-down study to identify additional substrates of this kinase. These experiments identified 123 putative interactors. Two of the identified proteins were predicted to directly interact with PiCDPK1, and this possibility was investigated in planta. The first, NtGF14, a 14-3-3-like protein, did not produce a noticeable phenotype when overexpressed in pollen alone but partially rescued the spherical tube phenotype caused by PiCDPK1 over-expression when co-over-expressed with the kinase. The second, NtREN1, a GTPase activating protein (GAP), severely inhibited pollen tube germination when over-expressed, and its co-over-expression with PiCDPK1 did not substantially affect this phenotype. These results suggest a novel in vivo interaction between NtGF14 and PiCDPK1 but do not support the direct interaction between PiCDPK1 and NtREN1. We demonstrate the utility of the methodology used to identify potential protein interactions while confirming the necessity of additional studies to confirm their validity. Finally, additional support was found for intersection between PiCDPK1 and RopGTPase pathways to control polar growth at the pollen tube tip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew G. McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (N.S.); (P.M.H.)
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Liu F, Cai S, Wu P, Dai L, Li X, Ai N, Feng G, Wang N, Zhou B. General Regulatory Factor7 regulates innate immune signalling to enhance Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:468-482. [PMID: 37776224 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Sessile growing plants are always vulnerable to microbial pathogen attacks throughout their lives. To fend off pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system that consists of cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors. Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs) belong to a small group of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) that function as co-receptors regulating diverse physiological processes. GENRAL REGULATORY FACTOR (GRF) proteins play an important role in physiological signalling transduction. However, the function of GRF proteins in plant innate immune signalling remains elusive. Here, we identified a GRF gene, GauGRF7, that is expressed both constitutively and in response to fungal pathogen infection. Intriguingly, silencing of GRF7 compromised plant innate immunity, resulting in susceptibility to Verticillium dahliae infection. Both transgenic GauGRF7 cotton and transgenic GauGRF7 Arabidopsis lines enhanced the innate immune response to V. dahliae infection, leading to high expression of two helper NLRs (hNLR) genes (ADR1 and NRG1) and pathogenesis-related genes, and increased ROS production and salicylic acid level. Moreover, GauGRF7 interacted with GhSERK1, which positively regulated GRF7-mediated innate immune response in cotton and Arabidopsis. Our findings revealed the molecular mechanism of the GRF protein in plant immune signaling and offer potential opportunities for improving plant resistance to V. dahliae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Plant Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjun Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Plant Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Nijiang Ai
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Feng
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshan Wang
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoliang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Pavlovic T, Margarit E, Müller GL, Saenz E, Ruzzo AI, Drincovich MF, Borrás L, Saigo M, Wheeler MCG. Differential metabolic reprogramming in developing soybean embryos in response to nutritional conditions and abscisic acid. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:89-103. [PMID: 37702897 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage compound deposition is influenced by both maternal and filial tissues. Within this framework, we analyzed strategies that operate during the development and filling of soybean embryos, using in vitro culture systems combined with metabolomics and proteomics approaches. The carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) of the maternal supply and the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are specific and interacting signals inducing differential metabolic reprogrammings linked to changes in the accumulation of storage macromolecules like proteins or oils. Differences in the abundance of sugars, amino acids, enzymes, transporters, transcription factors, and proteins involved in signaling were detected. Embryos adapted to the nutritional status by enhancing the metabolism of both carbon and nitrogen under lower C:N ratio condition or only carbon under higher C:N ratio condition. ABA turned off multiple pathways especially in high availability of amino acids, prioritizing the storage compounds biosynthesis. Common responses induced by ABA involved increased sucrose uptake (to increase the sink force) and oleosin (oil body structural component) accumulation. In turn, ABA differentially promoted protein degradation under lower nitrogen supply in order to sustain the metabolic demands. Further, the operation of a citrate shuttle was suggested by transcript quantification and enzymatic activity measurements. The results obtained are useful to help define biotechnological tools and technological approaches to improve oil and protein yields, with direct impact on human and animal nutrition as well as in green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pavlovic
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Leticia Müller
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Saenz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino CC14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Iván Ruzzo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucas Borrás
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino CC14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Née G, Krüger T. Dry side of the core: a meta-analysis addressing the original nature of the ABA signalosome at the onset of seed imbibition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192652. [PMID: 37476171 PMCID: PMC10354442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The timing of seedling emergence is a major agricultural and ecological fitness trait, and seed germination is controlled by a complex molecular network including phytohormone signalling. One such phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA), controls a large array of stress and developmental processes, and researchers have long known it plays a crucial role in repressing germination. Although the main molecular components of the ABA signalling pathway have now been identified, the molecular mechanisms through which ABA elicits specific responses in distinct organs is still enigmatic. To address the fundamental characteristics of ABA signalling during germination, we performed a meta-analysis focusing on the Arabidopsis dry seed proteome as a reflexion basis. We combined cutting-edge proteome studies, comparative functional analyses, and protein interaction information with genetic and physiological data to redefine the singular composition and operation of the ABA core signalosome from the onset of seed imbibition. In addition, we performed a literature survey to integrate peripheral regulators present in seeds that directly regulate core component function. Although this may only be the tip of the iceberg, this extended model of ABA signalling in seeds already depicts a highly flexible system able to integrate a multitude of information to fine-tune the progression of germination.
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Lou D, Lu S, Chen Z, Lin Y, Yu D, Yang X. Molecular characterization reveals that OsSAPK3 improves drought tolerance and grain yield in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:53. [PMID: 36694135 PMCID: PMC9872327 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many data suggest that the sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are very important to abiotic stress for plants. In rice, these kinases are known as osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 3 (OsSAPK3) is a member of SnRK2II in rice, but its function is still unclear. RESULTS The expression of OsSAPK3 was up regulated by drought, NaCl, PEG and ABA. OsSAPK3 mutated seedings (sapk3-1 and sapk3-2) showed reduced hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA. In addition, under drought conditions, sapk3-1 and sapk3-2 showed more intolerance to drought, including decreased survival rate, increased water loss rate, increased stomatal conductance and significantly decreased expression levels of SLAC1 and SLAC7. Physiological and metabolic analyses showed that OsSAPK3 might play an important role in drought stress signaling pathway by affecting osmotic adjustment and osmolytes, ROS detoxification and expression of ABA dependent and independent dehydration-responsive genes. All gronomic traits analyses demonstrated that OsSAPK3 could improve rice yield by affecting the regulation of tiller numbers and grain size. CONCLUSION OsSAPK3 plays an important role in both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent drought stress responses. More interestingly, OsSAPK3 could improve rice yield by indirectly regulating tiller number and grain size. These findings provide new insight for the development of drought-resistant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengji Lou
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Suping Lu
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Ahmed B, Hasan F, Tabassum A, Ahmed R, Hassan R, Amin MR, Alam M. Genome-wide investigation of SnRK2 gene family in two jute species: Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:5. [PMID: 36652035 PMCID: PMC9849630 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), a plant-specific serine/threonine kinase family, is associated with metabolic responses, including abscisic acid signaling under biotic and abiotic stresses. So far, no information on a genome-wide investigation and stress-mediated expression profiling of jute SnRK2 is available. Recent whole-genome sequencing of two Corchorus species prompted to identify and characterize this SnRK2 gene family. RESULT We identified seven SnRK2 genes of each of Corchorus olitorius (Co) and C. capsularis (Cc) genomes, with similar physico-molecular properties and sub-group patterns of other models and related crops. In both species, the SnRK2 gene family showed an evolutionarily distinct trend. Highly variable C-terminal and conserved N-terminal regions were observed. Co- and CcSnRK2.3, Co- and CcSnRk2.5, Co- and CcSnRk2.7, and Co- and CcSnRK2.8 were upregulated in response to drought and salinity stresses. In waterlogging conditions, Co- and CcSnRk2.6 and Co- and CcSnRK2.8 showed higher activity when exposed to hypoxic conditions. Expression analysis in different plant parts showed that SnRK2.5 in both Corchorus species is highly expressed in fiber cells providing evidence of the role of fiber formation. CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study of SnRK2 genes in both Corchorus species. All seven genes identified in this study showed an almost similar pattern of gene structures and molecular properties. Gene expression patterns of these genes varied depending on the plant parts and in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhan Ahmed
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Fakhrul Hasan
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Anika Tabassum
- grid.442972.e0000 0001 2218 5390American International University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Ahmed
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Rajnee Hassan
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Md. Ruhul Amin
- grid.482525.c0000 0001 0699 8850Basic and Applied Research On Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Mobashwer Alam
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, 47 Mayers Rd, Nambour, QLD 4560 Australia
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Xiao-Lin Z, Bao-Qiang W, Xiao-Hong W. Identification and expression analysis of the CqSnRK2 gene family and a functional study of the CqSnRK2.12 gene in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:397. [PMID: 35610576 PMCID: PMC9131629 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-associated protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) proteins belong to a relatively small family of plant-specific serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases. SnRK2s participate in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and play important roles in many biotic and abiotic stresses. At present, no SnRK2 gene has been reported in quinoa, and the recently published genome for this species provides an opportunity to identify and characterize the SnRK2 gene family. Results We identified 13 SnRK2 genes in the C. quinoa genome by bioinformatics analysis. Based on their phylogenetic relationships, these genes were divided into three subfamilies, similar to the situation in other plant species. Gene duplication analysis showed that there were seven pairs of homologous genes in the CqSnRK2 family, and that purifying selection played an important role in the evolution of SnRK2 genes. Gene structure analysis showed that the first exon in the SnRK2 family genes has the same length as the last exon, and that CqSnRK2 genes in the same subfamily have similar gene structures. Sequence analysis showed that the N-terminal region contains three highly conserved motifs. In addition, many kinds of cis-elements were identified in the promoter region of CqSnRK2, including those for hormone responses, stress responses, and tissue-specific expression. Transcription data analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that CqSnRK2 has different expression patterns in roots, stems, and leaves, and responded to biotic and abiotic stresses such as low temperature, salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, we found that the protein encoded by CqSnRK2.12 was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and there was no self-activation. The results of CqSnRK2.12 overexpression showed that transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines had increased drought tolerance compared to the controls. Conclusion The results of our study provide references for further studies on the evolution, function, and expression of the SnRK2 gene family in quinoa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08626-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xiao-Lin
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wang Bao-Qiang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei Xiao-Hong
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. .,College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. .,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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11
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Huang Y, Wang W, Yu H, Peng J, Hu Z, Chen L. The role of 14-3-3 proteins in plant growth and response to abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:833-852. [PMID: 34773487 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins widely exist in almost all plant species. They specifically recognize and interact with phosphorylated target proteins, including protein kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors and functional proteins, offering an array of opportunities for 14-3-3s to participate in the signal transduction processes. 14-3-3s are multigene families and can form homo- and heterodimers, which confer functional specificity of 14-3-3 proteins. They are widely involved in regulating biochemical and cellular processes and plant growth and development, including cell elongation and division, seed germination, vegetative and reproductive growth, and seed dormancy. They mediate plant response to environmental stresses such as salt, alkaline, osmotic, drought, cold and other abiotic stresses, partially via hormone-related signalling pathways. Although many studies have reviewed the function of 14-3-3 proteins, recent research on plant 14-3-3s has achieved significant advances. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties of 14-3-3 proteins and systematically summarize and dissect the emerging advances in understanding the roles of 14-3-3s in plant growth and development and abiotic stress responses. Some ambiguous questions about the roles of 14-3-3s under environmental stresses are reviewed. Interesting questions related to plant 14-3-3 functions that remain to be elucidated are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenshu Wang
- Institute of Crop Science of Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Science, Wuhan, 430345, China
| | - Hua Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junhua Peng
- Huazhi Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Mazur R, Maszkowska J, Anielska-Mazur A, Garstka M, Polkowska-Kowalczyk L, Czajkowska A, Zmienko A, Dobrowolska G, Kulik A. The SnRK2.10 kinase mitigates the adverse effects of salinity by protecting photosynthetic machinery. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2785-2802. [PMID: 34632500 PMCID: PMC8644180 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
SNF1-Related protein kinases Type 2 (SnRK2) are plant-specific enzymes widely distributed across the plant kingdom. They are key players controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways in the plant response to osmotic stress. Here we established that SnRK2.4 and SnRK2.10, ABA-nonactivated kinases, are activated in Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes during the early response to salt stress and contribute to leaf growth retardation under prolonged salinity but act by maintaining different salt-triggered mechanisms. Under salinity, snrk2.10 insertion mutants were impaired in the reconstruction and rearrangement of damaged core and antenna protein complexes in photosystem II (PSII), which led to stronger non-photochemical quenching, lower maximal quantum yield of PSII, and lower adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light intensity. The observed effects were likely caused by disturbed accumulation and phosphorylation status of the main PSII core and antenna proteins. Finally, we found a higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the snrk2.10 mutant leaves under a few-day-long exposure to salinity which also could contribute to the stronger damage of the photosynthetic apparatus and cause other deleterious effects affecting plant growth. We found that the snrk2.4 mutant plants did not display substantial changes in photosynthesis. Overall, our results indicate that SnRK2.10 is activated in leaves shortly after plant exposure to salinity and contributes to salt stress tolerance by maintaining efficient photosynthesis and preventing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Maszkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Anielska-Mazur
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Polkowska-Kowalczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czajkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zmienko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grazyna Dobrowolska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Mishra S, Sharma P, Singh R, Tiwari R, Singh GP. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase (SnRK) genes in Triticum aestivum in response to abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22477. [PMID: 34795369 PMCID: PMC8602265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The SnRK gene family is a key regulator that plays an important role in plant stress response by phosphorylating the target protein to regulate subsequent signaling pathways. This study was aimed to perform a genome-wide analysis of the SnRK gene family in wheat and the expression profiling of SnRKs in response to abiotic stresses. An in silico analysis identified 174 SnRK genes, which were then categorized into three subgroups (SnRK1/2/3) on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and domain types. The gene intron-exon structure and protein-motif composition of SnRKs were similar within each subgroup but different amongst the groups. Gene duplication and synteny between the wheat and Arabidopsis genomes was also investigated in order to get insight into the evolutionary aspects of the TaSnRK family genes. The result of cis-acting element analysis showed that there were abundant stress- and hormone-related cis-elements in the promoter regions of 129 SnRK genes. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR data revealed that heat, salt and drought treatments enhanced TaSnRK2.11 expression, suggesting that it might be a candidate gene for abiotic stress tolerance. We also identified eight microRNAs targeting 16 TaSnRK genes which are playing important role across abiotic stresses and regulation in different pathways. These findings will aid in the functional characterization of TaSnRK genes for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India.
| | - Rajender Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Ratan Tiwari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
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14
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Kamiyama Y, Katagiri S, Umezawa T. Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071443. [PMID: 34371646 PMCID: PMC8309267 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sotaro Katagiri
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
- Correspondence:
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15
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Morgenstern J, Katz S, Krebs-Haupenthal J, Chen J, Saadatmand A, Cortizo FG, Moraru A, Zemva J, Campos MC, Teleman A, Backs J, Nawroth P, Fleming T. Phosphorylation of T107 by CamKIIδ Regulates the Detoxification Efficiency and Proteomic Integrity of Glyoxalase 1. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108160. [PMID: 32966793 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed enzyme system, which is responsible for the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a spontaneous by-product of energy metabolism. This study is able to show that a phosphorylation of threonine-107 (T107) in the (rate-limiting) Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) protein, mediated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II delta (CamKIIδ), is associated with elevated catalytic efficiency of Glo1 (lower KM; higher Vmax). Additionally, we observe proteasomal degradation of non-phosphorylated Glo1 via ubiquitination does occur more rapidly as compared with native Glo1. The absence of CamKIIδ is associated with poor detoxification capacity and decreased protein content of Glo1 in a murine CamKIIδ knockout model. Therefore, phosphorylation of T107 in the Glo1 protein by CamKIIδ is a quick and precise mechanism regulating Glo1 activity, which is experimentally linked to an altered Glo1 status in cancer, diabetes, and during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Katz
- Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jutta Krebs-Haupenthal
- Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jessy Chen
- Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alireza Saadatmand
- Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Moraru
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Johanna Zemva
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marta Campos Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Aurelio Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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16
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Wang Y, Liu A. Genomic Characterization and Expression Analysis of the SnRK Family Genes in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Orchidaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030479. [PMID: 33802577 PMCID: PMC8000535 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are a type of Ser/Thr protein kinases, and they play an important role in plant life, especially in metabolism and responses to environmental stresses. However, there is limited information on SnRK genes in Dendrobium officinale. In the present research, a total of 36 DoSnRK genes were identified based on genomic data. These DoSnRKs could be grouped into three subfamilies, including 1 member of DoSnRK1, 7 of DoSnRK2, and 28 of DoSnRK3. The gene structure analysis of DoSnRK genes showed that 17 members had no introns, while 16 members contained six or more introns. The conserved domains and motifs were found in the same subfamily. The various cis-elements present in the promoter regions showed that DoSnRK genes could respond to stresses and hormones. Furthermore, the expression patterns of DoSnRK genes in eight tissues were investigated according to RNA sequencing data, indicating that multiple DoSnRK genes were ubiquitously expressed in these tissues. The transcript levels of DoSnRK genes after drought, MeJA, and ABA treatments were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and showed that most DoSnRK genes could respond to these stresses. Therefore, genomic characterization and expression analyses provide valuable information on DoSnRK genes for further understanding the functions of SnRKs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-87165223125
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17
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Rasul F, Gupta S, Olas JJ, Gechev T, Sujeeth N, Mueller-Roeber B. Priming with a Seaweed Extract Strongly Improves Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1469. [PMID: 33540571 PMCID: PMC7867171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought represents a major threat to plants in natural ecosystems and agricultural settings. The biostimulant Super Fifty (SF), produced from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, enables ecologically friendly stress mitigation. We investigated the physiological and whole-genome transcriptome responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought stress after a treatment with SF. SF strongly decreased drought-induced damage. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which typically stifle plant growth during drought, was reduced in SF-primed plants. Relative water content remained high in SF-treated plants, whilst ion leakage, a measure of cell damage, was reduced compared to controls. Plant growth requires a functional shoot apical meristem (SAM). Expression of a stress-responsive negative growth regulator, RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 (RD26), was repressed by SF treatment at the SAM, consistent with the model that SF priming maintains the function of the SAM during drought stress. Accordingly, expression of the cell cycle marker gene HISTONE H4 (HIS4) was maintained at the SAMs of SF-primed plants, revealing active cell cycle progression after SF priming during drought. In accordance with this, CYCP2;1, which promotes meristem cell division, was repressed by drought but enhanced by SF. SF also positively affected stomatal behavior to support the tolerance to drought stress. Collectively, our data show that SF priming mitigates multiple cellular processes that otherwise impair plant growth under drought stress, thereby providing a knowledge basis for future research on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Rasul
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Clash Industrial Estate, V92 RWV5 Tralee, Ireland
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Justyna Jadwiga Olas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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18
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Zhang X, Wu S, Liu S, Takano T. The Arabidopsis sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase AtSnRK2.4 interacts with a transcription factor, AtMYB21, that is involved in salt tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110685. [PMID: 33487368 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 s (SnRK2 s) are important stress-related plant protein kinases in plants. The interaction partners and phosphorylation substrates of group II and III SnRK2 s in Arabidopsis thaliana have been identified, but similar data for group I SnRK2 s are very limited. Here, we used a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen to find proteins that interact with Arabidopsis AtSnRK2.4, a group I SnRK2. The transcription factor AtMYB21 was identified as an AtSnRK2.4 interaction partner, and its interaction with AtSnRK2.4 was confirmed by an in vitro pull-down assay and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. A subcellular localization assay demonstrated that AtSnRK2.4 and AtMYB21 were located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of onion epidermal cells. AtSnRK2.4 and AtMYB21 were expressed in many tissues and upregulated in response to NaCl stress. Transgenic plants that overexpressed AtSnRK2.4 or AtMYB21 gene exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt stress at germination and post-germination stages. Moreover, the expression of downstream stress-responsive genes was upregulated in salt-stressed AtSnRK2.4 and AtMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggest that AtSnRK2.4 may act synergistically with AtMYB21 to mediate the response to salt stress through the upregulation of downstream stress-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA); Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (SAVER), Ministry of Education; Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (SAVER), Ministry of Education; Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tetsuo Takano
- Asian Natural Environment Science Center (ANESC), The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori Cho, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
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19
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Fàbregas N, Yoshida T, Fernie AR. Role of Raf-like kinases in SnRK2 activation and osmotic stress response in plants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6184. [PMID: 33273465 PMCID: PMC7712759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental drought and high salinity impose osmotic stress, which inhibits plant growth and yield. Thus, understanding how plants respond to osmotic stress is critical to improve crop productivity. Plants have multiple signalling pathways in response to osmotic stress in which the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles. However, since little is known concerning key early components, the global osmotic stress-signalling network remains to be elucidated. Here, we review recent advances in the identification of osmotic-stress activated Raf-like protein kinases as regulators of ABA-dependent and -independent signalling pathways and discuss the plant stress-responsive kinase network from an evolutionary perspective. A better understanding of how plants respond to osmotic stress could potentially help improve crop yields. Here Fàbregas et al. review the recent characterization of Raf-like kinases that act in both in ABA-dependent and -independent responses to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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20
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Zhu JK. Thriving under Stress: How Plants Balance Growth and the Stress Response. Dev Cell 2020; 55:529-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Li L, Chen Z, Huang Q. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid promotes biomass and astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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To HTM, Le KQ, Van Nguyen H, Duong LV, Kieu HT, Chu QAT, Tran TP, Mai NTP. A genome-wide association study reveals the quantitative trait locus and candidate genes that regulate phosphate efficiency in a Vietnamese rice collection. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2267-2281. [PMID: 33268928 PMCID: PMC7688854 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The crucial role of phosphate (Pi) for plant alongside the expected depletion of non-renewable phosphate rock have created an urgent need for phosphate-efficient rice varieties. In this study, 157 greenhouse-grown Vietnamese rice landraces were treated under Pi-deficient conditions to discover the genotypic variation among biochemical traits, including relative efficiency of phosphorus use (REP), relative root to shoot weight ratio (RRSR), relative physiological phosphate use efficiency (RPPUE), and relative phosphate uptake efficiency (RPUpE). Plants were grown in Yoshida nutrient media with either a full (320 μM) or a low Pi supply (10 μM) over six weeks. This genome-wide association study led to the discovery of 31 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms, 18 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and 85 candidate genes. A common QTL named qRPUUE9.16 was found among the three investigated traits. Some interesting candidate genes, such as PLASMA MEMBRANE PROTEIN1 (OsPM1), CALMODULIN-RELATED CALCIUM SENSOR PROTEIN 15 (OsCML15), phosphatases 2C (PP2C), STRESS-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (OsSAPK2), and GLYCEROPHOSPHORYL DIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASES (GDPD13), were found strongly correlated to the Pi starvation. RNA sequencing transcriptomes revealed that 45 out of 85 candidate genes were significantly regulated under Pi starvation. Furthermore, nearly two-thirds of genotypes did not possess the OsPsTOL1 gene; however, no significant difference was observed in response to Pi deficiency between genotypes with or without this gene, suggesting that other QTLs in rice may resist Pi starvation. These results provide new information on the genetics of nutrient use efficiency in rice and may potentially assist with developing more phosphate-efficient rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Mai To
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khang Quoc Le
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiep Van Nguyen
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Viet Duong
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hanh Thi Kieu
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Anh Thi Chu
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Phuong Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga T. P. Mai
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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23
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Lei L, Stevens DM, Coaker G. Phosphorylation of the Pseudomonas Effector AvrPtoB by Arabidopsis SnRK2.8 Is Required for Bacterial Virulence. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1513-1522. [PMID: 32889173 PMCID: PMC7808569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A critical component controlling bacterial virulence is the delivery of pathogen effectors into plant cells during infection. Effectors alter host metabolism and immunity for the benefit of pathogens. Multiple effectors are phosphorylated by host kinases, and this posttranslational modification is important for their activity. We sought to identify host kinases involved in effector phosphorylation. Multiple phosphorylated effector residues matched the proposed consensus motif for the plant calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and Snf1-related kinase (SnRK) superfamily. The conserved Pseudomonas effector AvrPtoB acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and promotes bacterial virulence. In this study, we identified a member of the Arabidopsis SnRK family, SnRK2.8, which interacts with AvrPtoB in yeast and in planta. We showed that SnRK2.8 was required for AvrPtoB virulence functions, including facilitating bacterial colonization, suppression of callose deposition, and targeting the plant defense regulator NPR1 and analyses receptor FLS2. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that AvrPtoB phosphorylation occurs at multiple serine residues in planta, with S258 phosphorylation significantly reduced in the snrk2.8 knockout. AvrPtoB phospho-null mutants exhibited compromised virulence functions and were unable to suppress NPR1 accumulation, FLS2 accumulation, or inhibit FLS2-BAK1 complex formation upon flagellin perception. Taken together, these data identify a conserved plant kinase utilized by a pathogen effector to promote disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danielle M Stevens
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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24
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Morgenstern J, Campos Campos M, Nawroth P, Fleming T. The Glyoxalase System-New Insights into an Ancient Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100939. [PMID: 33019494 PMCID: PMC7600140 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system was discovered over a hundred years ago and since then it has been claimed to provide the role of an indispensable enzyme system in order to protect cells from a toxic byproduct of glycolysis. This review gives a broad overview of what has been postulated in the last 30 years of glyoxalase research, but within this context it also challenges the concept that the glyoxalase system is an exclusive tool of detoxification and that its substrate, methylglyoxal, is solely a detrimental burden for every living cell due to its toxicity. An overview of consequences of a complete loss of the glyoxalase system in various model organisms is presented with an emphasis on the role of alternative detoxification pathways of methylglyoxal. Furthermore, this review focuses on the overlooked posttranslational modification of Glyoxalase 1 and its possible implications for cellular maintenance under various (patho-)physiological conditions. As a final note, an intriguing point of view for the substrate methylglyoxal is offered, the concept of methylglyoxal (MG)-mediated hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.C.C.); (P.N.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Campos Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.C.C.); (P.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.C.C.); (P.N.); (T.F.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer at Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.C.C.); (P.N.); (T.F.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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25
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Kawa D, Meyer AJ, Dekker HL, Abd-El-Haliem AM, Gevaert K, Van De Slijke E, Maszkowska J, Bucholc M, Dobrowolska G, De Jaeger G, Schuurink RC, Haring MA, Testerink C. SnRK2 Protein Kinases and mRNA Decapping Machinery Control Root Development and Response to Salt. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:361-377. [PMID: 31570508 PMCID: PMC6945840 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES 2 (SnRK2) are important components of early osmotic and salt stress signaling pathways in plants. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SnRK2 family comprises the abscisic acid (ABA)-activated protein kinases SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, SnRK2.6, SnRK2.7, and SnRK2.8, and the ABA-independent subclass 1 protein kinases SnRK2.1, SnRK2.4, SnRK2.5, SnRK2.9, and SnRK2.10. ABA-independent SnRK2s act at the posttranscriptional level via phosphorylation of VARICOSE (VCS), a member of the mRNA decapping complex, that catalyzes the first step of 5'mRNA decay. Here, we identified VCS and VARICOSE RELATED (VCR) as interactors and phosphorylation targets of SnRK2.5, SnRK2.6, and SnRK2.10. All three protein kinases phosphorylated Ser-645 and Ser-1156 of VCS, whereas SnRK2.6 and SnRK2.10 also phosphorylated VCS Ser-692 and Ser-680 of VCR. We showed that subclass 1 SnRK2s, VCS, and 5' EXORIBONUCLEASE 4 (XRN4) are involved in regulating root growth under control conditions as well as modulating root system architecture in response to salt stress. Our results suggest interesting patterns of redundancy within subclass 1 SnRK2 protein kinases, with SnRK2.1, SnRK2.5, and SnRK2.9 controlling root growth under nonstress conditions and SnRK2.4 and SnRK2.10 acting mostly in response to salinity. We propose that subclass 1 SnRK2s function in root development under salt stress by affecting the transcript levels of aquaporins, as well as CYP79B2, an enzyme involved in auxin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kawa
- Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Jessica Meyer
- Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk L Dekker
- Mass Spectrometry of Biomacromolecules, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed M Abd-El-Haliem
- Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Van De Slijke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Justyna Maszkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Maria Bucholc
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grażyna Dobrowolska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel A Haring
- Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Proietti S, Falconieri GS, Bertini L, Baccelli I, Paccosi E, Belardo A, Timperio AM, Caruso C. GLYI4 Plays A Role in Methylglyoxal Detoxification and Jasmonate-Mediated Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100635. [PMID: 31652571 PMCID: PMC6843518 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones play a central role in various physiological functions and in mediating defense responses against (a)biotic stresses. In response to primary metabolism alteration, plants can produce also small molecules such as methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic aldehyde. MG is mostly detoxified by the combined actions of the enzymes glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII) that make up the glyoxalase system. Recently, by a genome-wide association study performed in Arabidopsis, we identified GLYI4 as a novel player in the crosstalk between jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) hormone pathways. Here, we investigated the impact of GLYI4 knock-down on MG scavenging and on JA pathway. In glyI4 mutant plants, we observed a general stress phenotype, characterized by compromised MG scavenging, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stomatal closure, and reduced fitness. Accumulation of MG in glyI4 plants led to lower efficiency of the JA pathway, as highlighted by the increased susceptibility of the plants to the pathogenic fungus Plectospherella cucumerina. Moreover, MG accumulation brought about a localization of GLYI4 to the plasma membrane, while MeJA stimulus induced a translocation of the protein into the cytoplasmic compartment. Collectively, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that GLYI4 is a hub in the MG and JA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Elena Paccosi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Belardo
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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27
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Maszkowska J, Dębski J, Kulik A, Kistowski M, Bucholc M, Lichocka M, Klimecka M, Sztatelman O, Szymańska KP, Dadlez M, Dobrowolska G. Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals that dehydrins ERD10 and ERD14 are phosphorylated by SNF1-related protein kinase 2.10 in response to osmotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:931-946. [PMID: 30338858 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) regulate the plant responses to abiotic stresses, especially water deficits. They are activated in plants subjected to osmotic stress, and some of them are additionally activated in response to enhanced concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in plant cells. The SnRK2s that are activated in response to ABA are key elements of ABA signalling that regulate plant acclimation to environmental stresses and ABA-dependent development. Much less is known about the SnRK2s that are not activated by ABA, albeit several studies have shown that these kinases are also involved in response to osmotic stress. Here, we show that one of the Arabidopsis thaliana ABA-non-activated SnRK2s, SnRK2.10, regulates not only the response to salinity but also the plant sensitivity to dehydration. Several potential SnRK2.10 targets phosphorylated in response to stress were identified by a phosphoproteomic approach, including the dehydrins ERD10 and ERD14. Their phosphorylation by SnRK2.10 was confirmed in vitro. Our data suggest that the phosphorylation of ERD14 within the S-segment is involved in the regulation of dehydrin subcellular localization in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Maszkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Dębski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kistowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bucholc
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lichocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Klimecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Sztatelman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Dobrowolska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Colina F, Amaral J, Carbó M, Pinto G, Soares A, Cañal MJ, Valledor L. Genome-wide identification and characterization of CKIN/SnRK gene family in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2019; 9:350. [PMID: 30674892 PMCID: PMC6344539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The SnRK (Snf1-Related protein Kinase) gene family plays an important role in energy sensing and stress-adaptive responses in plant systems. In this study, Chlamydomonas CKIN family (SnRK in Arabidopsis) was defined after a genome-wide analysis of all sequenced Chlorophytes. Twenty-two sequences were defined as plant SnRK orthologs in Chlamydomonas and classified into two subfamilies: CKIN1 and CKIN2. While CKIN1 subfamily is reduced to one conserved member and a close protein (CKIN1L), a large CKIN2 subfamily clusters both plant-like and algae specific CKIN2s. The responsiveness of these genes to abiotic stress situations was tested by RT-qPCR. Results showed that almost all elements were sensitive to osmotic stress while showing different degrees of sensibility to other abiotic stresses, as occurs in land plants, revealing their specialization and the family pleiotropy for some elements. The regulatory pathway of this family may differ from land plants since these sequences shows unique regulatory features and some of them are sensitive to ABA, despite conserved ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) and regulatory domains are not present in this species. Core Chlorophytes and land plant showed divergent stress signalling, but SnRKs/CKINs share the same role in cell survival and stress response and adaption including the accumulation of specific biomolecules. This fact places the CKIN family as well-suited target for bioengineering-based studies in microalgae (accumulation of sugars, lipids, secondary metabolites), while promising new findings in stress biology and specially in the evolution of ABA-signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Colina
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joana Amaral
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Carbó
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gloria Pinto
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu Soares
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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29
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Hernández-Domínguez EE, Vargas-Ortiz E, Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Barrera-Pacheco A, Santos-Díaz MS, Camarena-Rangel NG, Barba de la Rosa AP. Molecular characterization and in vitro interaction analysis of Op14-3-3 μ protein from Opuntia ficus-indica: identification of a new client protein from shikimate pathway. J Proteomics 2019; 198:151-162. [PMID: 30677553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In plants, 14-3-3 proteins are important modulators of protein-protein interactions in response to environmental stresses. The aim of the present work was to characterize one Opuntia ficus-indica 14-3-3 and get information about its client proteins. To achieve this goal, O. ficus-indica 14-3-3 cDNA, named as Op14-3-3 μ, was amplified by 3'-RACE methodology. Op14-3-3 μ contains an Open Reading Frame of 786 bp encoding a 261 amino acids protein. Op14-3-3 μ cDNA was cloned into a bacterial expression system and recombinant protein was purified. Differential Scanning Fluorimetry, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry were used for Op14-3-3 μ protein characterization, and Affinity-Purification-Mass Spectrometry analysis approach was used to obtain information about their potential client proteins. Pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit, and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase were identified. Interestingly chorismate mutase p-prephenate dehydratase was also identified. Op14-3-3 μ down-regulation was observed in Opuntia calluses when they were induced with Jasmonic Acid, while increased accumulation of Op14-3-3 μ protein was observed. The putative interaction of 14-3-3 μ with chorismate mutase, which have not been reported before, suggest that Op14-3-3 μ could be an important regulator of metabolites biosynthesis and responses to stress in Opuntia spp. SIGNIFICANCE: Opuntia species are important crops in arid and semiarid areas worldwide, but despite its relevance, little information about their tolerance mechanism to cope with harsh environmental conditions is reported. 14-3-3 proteins have gained attention due to its participation as protein-protein regulators and have been linked with primary metabolism and hormones responses. Here we present the characterization of the first Opuntia ficus-indica 14-3-3 (Op14-3-3) protein using affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) strategy. Op14-3-3 has high homology with other 14-3-3 from Caryophyllales. A novel Op14-3-3 client protein has been identified; the chorismate mutase p-prephenate dehydratase, key enzyme that links the primary with secondary metabolism. The present results open new questions about the Opuntia spp. pathways mechanisms in response to environmental stress and the importance of 14-3-3 proteins in betalains biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Hernández-Domínguez
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Erandi Vargas-Ortiz
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barrera-Pacheco
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - María S Santos-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | | | - Ana P Barba de la Rosa
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico.
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30
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Lou D, Wang H, Yu D. The sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinases SAPK1 and SAPK2 function collaboratively as positive regulators of salt stress tolerance in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:203. [PMID: 30236054 PMCID: PMC6146518 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 family (SnRK2s) unifies different abiotic stress signals in plants. To date, the functions of two rice SnRK2s, osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 1 (SAPK1) and SAPK2, have been unknown. We investigated their roles in response to salt stress by generating loss-of-function lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and by overexpressing these proteins in transgenic rice plants. RESULTS Expression profiling revealed that SAPK1 and SAPK2 expression were strongly induced by drought, NaCl, and PEG treatment, but not by ABA. SAPK2 expression was highest in the leaves, followed by the roots, whereas SAPK1 was highest expressed in roots followed by leaves. Both proteins were localized to the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Under salt stress, sapk1, sapk2 and, in particular, sapk1/2 mutants, exhibited reduced germination rates, more severe growth inhibition, more distinct chlorosis, reduced chlorophyll contents, and reduced survival rates in comparison with the wild-type plants. In contrast, SAPK1- and SAPK2-overexpression lines had increased germination rates and reduced sensitivities to salt; including mild reductions in growth inhibition, reduced chlorosis, increased chlorophyll contents and improved survival rates in comparison with the wild-type plants. These results suggest that SAPK1 and SAPK2 may function collaboratively as positive regulators of salt stress tolerance at the germination and seedling stages. We also found that SAPK1 and SAPK2 affected the osmotic potential following salt stress by promoting the generation of osmotically active metabolites such as proline. SAPK1 and SAPK2 also improved reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification following salt stress by promoting the generation of ROS scavengers such as ascorbic acid, and by increasing the expression levels of proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). SAPK1 and SAPK2 may function collaboratively in reducing Na+ toxicity by affecting the Na+ distribution between roots and shoots, Na+ exclusion from the cytoplasm, and Na+ sequestration into the vacuoles. These effects may be facilitated through the expression of Na+-and K+-homeostasis-related genes. CONCLUSION SAPK1 and SAPK2 may function collaboratively as positive regulators of salt stress tolerance at the germination and seedling stages in rice. SAPK1 and SAPK2 may be useful to improve salt tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengji Lou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Houping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 Yunnan China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 Yunnan China
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31
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Waqas M, Feng S, Amjad H, Letuma P, Zhan W, Li Z, Fang C, Arafat Y, Khan MU, Tayyab M, Lin W. Protein Phosphatase ( PP2C9) Induces Protein Expression Differentially to Mediate Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Rice under Nitrogen-Deficient Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2827. [PMID: 30235789 PMCID: PMC6163212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential element usually limiting in plant growth and a basic factor for increasing the input cost in agriculture. To ensure the food security and environmental sustainability it is urgently required to manage the N fertilizer. The identification or development of genotypes with high nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) which can grow efficiently and sustain yield in low N conditions is a possible solution. In this study, two isogenic rice genotypes i.e., wild-type rice kitaake and its transgenic line PP2C9TL overexpressed protein phosphatase gene (PP2C9) were used for comparative proteomics analysis at control and low level of N to identify specific proteins and encoding genes related to high NUE. 2D gel electrophoresis was used to perform the differential proteome analysis. In the leaf proteome, 30 protein spots were differentially expressed between the two isogenic lines under low N level which were involved in the process of energy, photosynthesis, N metabolism, signaling, and defense mechanisms. In addition, we have found that protein phosphatase enhances nitrate reductase activation by downregulation of SnRK1 and 14-3-3 proteins. Furthermore, we showed that PP2C9TL exhibits higher NUE than WT due to higher activity of nitrate reductase. This study provides new insights on the rice proteome which would be useful in the development of new strategies to increase NUE in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shizhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hira Amjad
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Puleng Letuma
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenshan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Changxun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yasir Arafat
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Umar Khan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Yashvardhini N, Bhattacharya S, Chaudhuri S, Sengupta DN. Molecular characterization of the 14-3-3 gene family in rice and its expression studies under abiotic stress. PLANTA 2018; 247:229-253. [PMID: 28956163 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 isoforms were relatively less conserved at the C-terminal region across plant groups. Both Os 14-3-3f and Os 14-3-3g were inducible with differential gene expression levels under different abiotic stress and developmental stages in sensitive and tolerant indica rice cultivars as confirmed both at transcript and protein level. Plant 14-3-3s has been well characterized to function in several signaling pathways, biotic as well as abiotic stress and nutrient metabolism. We attempted comprehensive analysis of 14-3-3 genes in different plant lineages such as green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), moss (Physcomitrella patens) and lycophyte (Selaginella moellendorffii), dicot Arabidopsis thaliana and monocot Oryza sativa sub sp. japonica at the gene and protein level. Sequence alignment results revealed that 14-3-3 isoforms were evolutionarily conserved across all taxa with variable C-terminal end. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the majority of 14-3-3 isoforms in rice belong to the non-epsilon group that clustered separately from the dicot group. Segmental duplication event played a significant role in the expansion of both, Arabidopsis and rice, 14-3-3 isoforms as revealed by synteny studies. In silico gene expression using Massive Parallel Signature Sequencing and microarray analysis revealed that 14-3-3 isoforms have variable expression in different tissue types and under different abiotic stress regime in Arabidopsis and japonica rice. Both, semi-quantitative and qPCR results, confirmed that Os14-3-3f and Os14-3-3g were inducible under abiotic stress in lamina and roots of indica rice and relatively higher under salinity and cold stress in Nonabokra, under dehydration stress in N-22 and under exogenous ABA in IR-29 usually after 3-6 h of treatment. Both, 14-3-3f and 14-3-3g, were highly expressed in flag leaves, stems and panicles and mature roots. These results were further confirmed by immunoblot analysis of rice cultivars using Os14-3-3f antibody generated from recombinant Os14-3-3f protein. The results provide the first comprehensive report of Os14-3-3 gene expression in indica rice cultivars which differ in tolerance to abiotic stress that might be useful for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Yashvardhini
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Main Campus, 93/1, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Saurav Bhattacharya
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Main Campus, 93/1, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Shubho Chaudhuri
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII(M), Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Dibyendu Narayan Sengupta
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Main Campus, 93/1, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India.
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Yasuda S, Aoyama S, Hasegawa Y, Sato T, Yamaguchi J. Arabidopsis CBL-Interacting Protein Kinases Regulate Carbon/Nitrogen-Nutrient Response by Phosphorylating Ubiquitin Ligase ATL31. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:605-618. [PMID: 28111287 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In response to the ratio of available carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) nutrients, plants regulate their metabolism, growth, and development, a process called the C/N-nutrient response. However, the molecular basis of C/N-nutrient signaling remains largely unclear. In this study, we identified three CALCINEURIN B-LIKE (CBL)-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASES (CIPKs), CIPK7, CIPK12, and CIPK14, as key regulators of the C/N-nutrient response during the post-germination growth in Arabidopsis. Single-knockout mutants of CIPK7, CIPK12, and CIPK14 showed hypersensitivity to high C/low N conditions, which was enhanced in their triple-knockout mutant, indicating that they play a negative role and at least partly function redundantly in the C/N-nutrient response. Moreover, these CIPKs were found to regulate the function of ATL31, a ubiquitin ligase involved in the C/N-nutrient response via the phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of 14-3-3 proteins. CIPK7, CIPK12, and CIPK14 physically interacted with ATL31, and CIPK14, acting with CBL8, directly phosphorylated ATL31 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Further analyses showed that these CIPKs are required for ATL31 phosphorylation and stabilization, which mediates the degradation of 14-3-3 proteins in response to C/N-nutrient conditions. These findings provide new insights into C/N-nutrient signaling mediated by protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetaka Yasuda
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shoki Aoyama
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoko Hasegawa
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Liu Z, Jia Y, Ding Y, Shi Y, Li Z, Guo Y, Gong Z, Yang S. Plasma Membrane CRPK1-Mediated Phosphorylation of 14-3-3 Proteins Induces Their Nuclear Import to Fine-Tune CBF Signaling during Cold Response. Mol Cell 2017; 66:117-128.e5. [PMID: 28344081 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In plant cells, changes in fluidity of the plasma membrane may serve as the primary sensor of cold stress; however, the precise mechanism and how the cell transduces and fine-tunes cold signals remain elusive. Here we show that the cold-activated plasma membrane protein cold-responsive protein kinase 1 (CRPK1) phosphorylates 14-3-3 proteins. The phosphorylated 14-3-3 proteins shuttle from the cytosol to the nucleus, where they interact with and destabilize the key cold-responsive C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) proteins. Consistent with this, the crpk1 and 14-3-3κλ mutants show enhanced freezing tolerance, and transgenic plants overexpressing 14-3-3λ show reduced freezing tolerance. Further study shows that CRPK1 is essential for the nuclear translocation of 14-3-3 proteins and for 14-3-3 function in freezing tolerance. Thus, our study reveals that the CRPK1-14-3-3 module transduces the cold signal from the plasma membrane to the nucleus to modulate CBF stability, which ensures a faithfully adjusted response to cold stress of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hong JP, Adams E, Yanagawa Y, Matsui M, Shin R. AtSKIP18 and AtSKIP31, F-box subunits of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, mediate the degradation of 14-3-3 proteins in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:174-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Holappa LD, Ronald PC, Kramer EM. Evolutionary Analysis of Snf1-Related Protein Kinase2 (SnRK2) and Calcium Sensor (SCS) Gene Lineages, and Dimerization of Rice Homologs, Suggest Deep Biochemical Conservation across Angiosperms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:395. [PMID: 28424709 PMCID: PMC5381359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Members of the sucrose non-fermenting related kinase Group2 (SnRK2) subclasses are implicated in both direct and indirect abscisic acid (ABA) response pathways. We have used phylogenetic, biochemical, and transient in vivo approaches to examine interactions between Triticum tauschii protein kinase 1 (TtPK1) and an interacting protein, Oryza sativa SnRK2-calcium sensor (OsSCS1). Given that TtPK1 has 100% identity with its rice ortholog, osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase (OsSAPK2), we hypothesized that the SCS and TtPK1 interactions are present in both wheat and rice. Here, we show that SnRK2s are clearly divided into four pan-angiosperm clades with those in the traditionally defined Subclass II encompassing two distinct clades (OsSAPK1/2 and OsSAPK3), although OsSAPK3 lacks an Arabidopsis ortholog. We also show that SCSs are distinct from a second lineage, that we term SCSsister, and while both clades pre-date land plants, the SCSsister clade lacks Poales representatives. Our Y2H assays revealed that the removal of the OsSCS1 C-terminal region along with its N-terminal EF-hand abolished its interaction with the kinase. Using transient in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments, we demonstrate that TtPK1/OsSCS1 dimerization co-localizes with DAPI-stained nuclei and with FM4-64-stained membranes. Finally, OsSCS1- and OsSAPK2-hybridizing transcripts co-accumulate in shoots/coleoptile of drying seedlings, consistent with up-regulated kinase transcripts of PKABA1 and TtPK1. Our studies suggest that interactions between homologs of the SnRK2 and SCS lineages are broadly conserved across angiosperms and offer new directions for investigations of related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn D. Holappa
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridge, MA, USA
- Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California DavisDavis, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Lynn D. Holappa
| | - Pamela C. Ronald
- Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Elena M. Kramer
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridge, MA, USA
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Lou D, Wang H, Liang G, Yu D. OsSAPK2 Confers Abscisic Acid Sensitivity and Tolerance to Drought Stress in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:993. [PMID: 28659944 PMCID: PMC5468418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
SNF 1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2 (SnRK2) is a family of plant-specific protein kinases which is the key regulator of hyper-osmotic stress signaling and abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent development in various plants. Among the rice subclass-I and -II SnRK2s, osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 2 (SAPK2) may be the primary mediator of ABA signaling. However, SAPK2 has not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, we elucidated the functional properties of SAPK2 using loss-of-function mutants produced with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The SAPK2 expression level was strongly upregulated by drought, high-salinity, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments. The sapk2 mutants exhibited an ABA-insensitive phenotype during the germination and post-germination stages, suggesting that SAPK2 had a pivotal role related to ABA-mediated seed dormancy. The sapk2 mutants were more sensitive to drought stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the wild-type plants, indicating that SAPK2 was important for responses to drought conditions in rice. An additional investigation revealed that SAPK2 increased drought tolerance in the following two ways: (i) by reducing water loss via the accumulation of compatible solutes, promoting stomatal closure, and upregulating the expression levels of stress-response genes such as OsRab16b, OsRab21, OsbZIP23, OsLEA3, OsOREB1 and slow anion channel (SLAC)-associated genes such as OsSLAC1 and OsSLAC7; (ii) by inducing the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes to promote ROS-scavenging abilities that will ultimately decrease ROS damages. Moreover, we also observed that SAPK2 significantly increased the tolerance of rice plants to salt and PEG stresses. These findings imply that SAPK2 is a potential candidate gene for future crop improvement studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengji Lou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Houping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- *Correspondence: Diqiu Yu,
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38
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Yang W, Zhang W, Wang X. Post-translational control of ABA signalling: the roles of protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:4-14. [PMID: 27767245 PMCID: PMC5253474 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plant phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays significant roles in integrating environmental signals with embryogenesis, germination, seedling establishment, the floral transition and the adaptation of plants to stressful environments by modulating stomatal movement and stress-responsive gene expression. ABA signalling consists of ABA perception, signal transduction and ABA-induced responses. ABA receptors such as members of the PYR/PYL family, group A type 2C protein phosphatases (as negative regulators), SnRK2 protein kinases (as positive regulators), bZIP transcription factors and ion channels are key components of ABA signalling. Post-translational modifications, including dephosphorylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play important roles in regulating ABA signalling. In this review, we focus on the roles of post-translational modifications in ABA signalling. The studies presented provide a detailed picture of the ABA signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- Rice Research InstituteShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Rice Research InstituteShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Rice Research InstituteShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
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Liu C, Pedersen C, Schultz-Larsen T, Aguilar GB, Madriz-Ordeñana K, Hovmøller MS, Thordal-Christensen H. The stripe rust fungal effector PEC6 suppresses pattern-triggered immunity in a host species-independent manner and interacts with adenosine kinases. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016. [PMID: 27252028 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We identified a wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) effector candidate (PEC6) with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) suppression function and its corresponding host target. PEC6 compromised PTI host species-independently. In Nicotiana benthamiana, it hampers reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and callose deposition induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. In Arabidopsis, plants expressing PEC6 were more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 ΔAvrPto/ΔAvrPtoB. In wheat, PEC6-suppression of P. fluorescens-elicited PTI was revealed by the fact that it allowed activation of effector-triggered immunity by Pto DC3000. Knocking down of PEC6 expression by virus-mediated host-induced gene silencing decreased the number of rust pustules, uncovering PEC6 as an important pathogenicity factor. PEC6, overexpressed in plant cells without its signal peptide, was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. A yeast two-hybrid assay showed that PEC6 interacts with both wheat and Arabidopsis adenosine kinases (ADKs). Knocking down wheat ADK expression by virus-induced gene silencing reduced leaf growth and enhanced the number of rust pustules, indicating that ADK is important in plant development and defence. ADK plays essential roles in regulating metabolism, cytokinin interconversion and methyl transfer reactions, and our data propose a model where PEC6 may affect one of these processes by targeting ADK to favour fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhai Liu
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Carsten Pedersen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Torsten Schultz-Larsen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Geziel B Aguilar
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Madriz-Ordeñana
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, DK-4200, Denmark
| | - Hans Thordal-Christensen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
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Chandna R, Augustine R, Kanchupati P, Kumar R, Kumar P, Arya GC, Bisht NC. Class-Specific Evolution and Transcriptional Differentiation of 14-3-3 Family Members in Mesohexaploid Brassica rapa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:12. [PMID: 26858736 PMCID: PMC4726770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3s are highly conserved, multigene family proteins that have been implicated in modulating various biological processes. The presence of inherent polyploidy and genome complexity has limited the identification and characterization of 14-3-3 proteins from globally important Brassica crops. Through data mining of Brassica rapa, the model Brassica genome, we identified 21 members encoding 14-3-3 proteins namely, BraA.GRF14.a to BraA.GRF14.u. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that B. rapa contains both ε (epsilon) and non-ε 14-3-3 isoforms, having distinct intron-exon structural organization patterns. The non-ε isoforms showed lower divergence rate (Ks < 0.45) compared to ε protein isoforms (Ks > 0.48), suggesting class-specific divergence pattern. Synteny analysis revealed that mesohexaploid B. rapa genome has retained 1-5 orthologs of each Arabidopsis 14-3-3 gene, interspersed across its three fragmented sub-genomes. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 14 of the 21 BraA.GRF14 were expressed, wherein a higher abundance of non-ε transcripts was observed compared to the ε genes, indicating class-specific transcriptional bias. The BraA.GRF14 genes showed distinct expression pattern during plant developmental stages and in response to abiotic stress, phytohormone treatments, and nutrient deprivation conditions. Together, the distinct expression pattern and differential regulation of BraA.GRF14 genes indicated the occurrence of functional divergence of B. rapa 14-3-3 proteins during plant development and stress responses.
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Song X, Yu X, Hori C, Demura T, Ohtani M, Zhuge Q. Heterologous Overexpression of Poplar SnRK2 Genes Enhanced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:612. [PMID: 27242819 PMCID: PMC4860416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Subfamily 2 of SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK2) plays important roles in plant abiotic stress responses as a global positive regulator of abscisic acid signaling. In the genome of the model tree Populus trichocarpa, 12 SnRK2 genes have been identified, and some are upregulated by abiotic stresses. In this study, we heterologously overexpressed the PtSnRK2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that overexpression of PtSnRK2.5 and PtSnRK2.7 genes enhanced stress tolerance. In the PtSnRK2.5 and PtSnRK2.7 overexpressors, chlorophyll content, and root elongation were maintained under salt stress conditions, leading to higher survival rates under salt stress compared with those in the wild type. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PtSnRK2.7 overexpression affected stress-related metabolic genes, including lipid metabolism and flavonoid metabolism, even under normal growth conditions. However, the stress response genes reported to be upregulated in Arabidopsis SRK2C/SnRK2.6 and wheat SnRK2.8 overexpressors were not changed by PtSnRK2.7 overexpression. Furthermore, PtSnRK2.7 overexpression widely and largely influenced the transcriptome in response to salt stress; genes related to transport activity, including anion transport-related genes, were characteristically upregulated, and a variety of metabolic genes were specifically downregulated. We also found that the salt stress response genes were greatly upregulated in the PtSnRK2.7 overexpressor. Taken together, poplar subclass 2 PtSnRK2 genes can modulate salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, through the activation of cellular signaling pathways in a different manner from that by herbal subclass 2 SnRK2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
- Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Xiang Yu
- Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hori
- Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, Japan
- *Correspondence: Misato Ohtani
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
- Qiang Zhuge
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42
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Wilson RS, Swatek KN, Thelen JJ. Regulation of the Regulators: Post-Translational Modifications, Subcellular, and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Plant 14-3-3 Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:611. [PMID: 27242818 PMCID: PMC4860396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins bind to and modulate the activity of phosphorylated proteins that regulate a variety of metabolic processes in eukaryotes. Multiple 14-3-3 isoforms are expressed in most organisms and display redundancy in both sequence and function. Plants contain the largest number of 14-3-3 isoforms. For example, Arabidopsis thaliana contains thirteen 14-3-3 genes, each of which is expressed. Interest in the plant 14-3-3 field has swelled over the past decade, largely due to the vast number of possibilities for 14-3-3 metabolic regulation. As the field progresses, it is essential to understand these proteins' activities at both the spatiotemporal and subcellular levels. This review summarizes current knowledge of 14-3-3 proteins in plants, including 14-3-3 interactions, regulatory functions, isoform specificity, and post-translational modifications. We begin with a historical overview and structural analysis of 14-3-3 proteins, which describes the basic principles of 14-3-3 function, and then discuss interactions and regulatory effects of plant 14-3-3 proteins in specific tissues and subcellular compartments. We conclude with a summary of 14-3-3 phosphorylation and current knowledge of the functional effects of this modification in plants.
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Lee HJ, Park YJ, Seo PJ, Kim JH, Sim HJ, Kim SG, Park CM. Systemic Immunity Requires SnRK2.8-Mediated Nuclear Import of NPR1 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:3425-38. [PMID: 26672073 PMCID: PMC4707448 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, necrotic lesions occur at the site of pathogen infection through the hypersensitive response, which is followed by induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in distal tissues. Salicylic acid (SA) induces SAR by activating NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) through an oligomer-to-monomer reaction. However, SA biosynthesis is elevated only slightly in distal tissues during SAR, implying that SA-mediated induction of SAR requires additional factors. Here, we demonstrated that SA-independent systemic signals induce a gene encoding SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2.8 (SnRK2.8), which phosphorylates NPR1 during SAR. The SnRK2.8-mediated phosphorylation of NPR1 is necessary for its nuclear import. Notably, although SnRK2.8 transcription and SnRK2.8 activation are independent of SA signaling, the SnRK2.8-mediated induction of SAR requires SA. Together with the SA-mediated monomerization of NPR1, these observations indicate that SA signals and SnRK2.8-mediated phosphorylation coordinately function to activate NPR1 via a dual-step process in developing systemic immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ju-Heon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Waadt R, Manalansan B, Rauniyar N, Munemasa S, Booker MA, Brandt B, Waadt C, Nusinow DA, Kay SA, Kunz HH, Schumacher K, DeLong A, Yates JR, Schroeder JI. Identification of Open Stomata1-Interacting Proteins Reveals Interactions with Sucrose Non-fermenting1-Related Protein Kinases2 and with Type 2A Protein Phosphatases That Function in Abscisic Acid Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:760-79. [PMID: 26175513 PMCID: PMC4577397 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls growth and development and regulates plant water status through an established signaling pathway. In the presence of ABA, pyrabactin resistance/regulatory component of ABA receptor proteins inhibit type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs). This, in turn, enables the activation of Sucrose Nonfermenting1-Related Protein Kinases2 (SnRK2). Open Stomata1 (OST1)/SnRK2.6/SRK2E is a major SnRK2-type protein kinase responsible for mediating ABA responses. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expressing an epitope-tagged OST1 in the recessive ost1-3 mutant background was used for the copurification and identification of OST1-interacting proteins after osmotic stress and ABA treatments. These analyses, which were confirmed using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation, unexpectedly revealed homo- and heteromerization of OST1 with SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, OST1, and SnRK2.8. Furthermore, several OST1-complexed proteins were identified as type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) subunits and as proteins involved in lipid and galactolipid metabolism. More detailed analyses suggested an interaction network between ABA-activated SnRK2-type protein kinases and several PP2A-type protein phosphatase regulatory subunits. pp2a double mutants exhibited a reduced sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and stomatal closure and an enhanced ABA sensitivity in root growth regulation. These analyses add PP2A-type protein phosphatases as another class of protein phosphatases to the interaction network of SnRK2-type protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Bianca Manalansan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Navin Rauniyar
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Matthew A Booker
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Benjamin Brandt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Christian Waadt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Dmitri A Nusinow
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Steve A Kay
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Alison DeLong
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - John R Yates
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, and Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116 (R.W., B.M., S.M., B.B., H.-H.K., J.I.S.);Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (R.W., K.S.);Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 (N.R., J.R.Y.);Division of Agricultural and Life Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan (S.M.);Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 (M.A.B., A.D.);Department of Biology, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.A.N.); andMolecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 (S.A.K.)
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45
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Abstract
The glyoxalase pathway is required for detoxification of cytotoxic metabolite MG (methylglyoxal) that would otherwise increase to lethal concentrations under adverse environmental conditions. Since its discovery 100 years ago, several roles have been assigned to glyoxalases, but, in plants, their involvement in stress response and tolerance is the most widely accepted role. The plant glyoxalases have emerged as multigene family and this expansion is considered to be important from the perspective of maintaining a robust defence machinery in these sessile species. Glyoxalases are known to be differentially regulated under stress conditions and their overexpression in plants confers tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. In the present article, we review the importance of glyoxalases in plants, discussing possible roles with emphasis on involvement of the glyoxalase pathway in plant stress tolerance.
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Kumar K, Muthamilarasan M, Bonthala VS, Roy R, Prasad M. Unraveling 14-3-3 proteins in C4 panicoids with emphasis on model plant Setaria italica reveals phosphorylation-dependent subcellular localization of RS splicing factor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123236. [PMID: 25849294 PMCID: PMC4388342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a large multigenic family of regulatory proteins ubiquitously found in eukaryotes. In plants, 14-3-3 proteins are reported to play significant role in both development and response to stress stimuli. Therefore, considering their importance, genome-wide analyses have been performed in many plants including Arabidopsis, rice and soybean. But, till date, no comprehensive investigation has been conducted in any C4 panicoid crops. In view of this, the present study was performed to identify 8, 5 and 26 potential 14-3-3 gene family members in foxtail millet (Si14-3-3), sorghum (Sb14-3-3) and maize (Zm14-3-3), respectively. In silico characterization revealed large variations in their gene structures; segmental and tandem duplications have played a major role in expansion of these genes in foxtail millet and maize. Gene ontology annotation showed the participation of 14-3-3 proteins in diverse biological processes and molecular functions, and in silico expression profiling indicated their higher expression in all the investigated tissues. Comparative mapping was performed to derive the orthologous relationships between 14-3-3 genes of foxtail millet and other Poaceae members, which showed a higher, as well as similar percentage of orthology among these crops. Expression profiling of Si14-3-3 genes during different time-points of abiotic stress and hormonal treatments showed a differential expression pattern of these genes, and sub-cellular localization studies revealed the site of action of Si14-3-3 proteins within the cells. Further downstream characterization indicated the interaction of Si14-3-3 with a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling phosphoprotein (SiRSZ21A) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and this demonstrates that Si14-3-3 might regulate the splicing events by binding with phosphorylated SiRSZ21A. Taken together, the present study is a comprehensive analysis of 14-3-3 gene family members in foxtail millet, sorghum and maize, which provides interesting information on their gene structure, protein domains, phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns during abiotic stresses and hormonal treatments, which could be useful in choosing candidate members for further functional characterization. In addition, demonstration of interaction between Si14-3-3 and SiRSZ21A provides novel clues on the involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in the splicing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunesh Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Riti Roy
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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47
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Li J, Silva-Sanchez C, Zhang T, Chen S, Li H. Phosphoproteomics technologies and applications in plant biology research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:430. [PMID: 26136758 PMCID: PMC4468387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation has long been recognized as an essential mechanism to regulate many important processes of plant life. However, studies on phosphorylation mediated signaling events in plants are challenged with low stoichiometry and dynamic nature of phosphorylated proteins. Significant advances in mass spectrometry based phosphoproteomics have taken place in recent decade, including phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide enrichment, detection and quantification, and phosphorylation site localization. This review describes a variety of separation and enrichment methods for phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides, the applications of technological innovations in plant phosphoproteomics, and highlights significant achievement of phosphoproteomics in the areas of plant signal transduction, growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Li
- College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Cecilia Silva-Sanchez
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Biology, UF Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin, China
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Biology, UF Genetics Institute, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin, China
- *Correspondence: Haiying Li, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Rd, Harbin 150080, China
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48
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Abstract
Plant kinases are one of the largest protein families in Arabidopsis. There are almost 600 membrane-located receptor kinases and almost 400 soluble kinases with distinct functions in signal transduction. In this minireview we discuss phylogeny and functional context of prominent members from major protein kinase subfamilies in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zulawski
- Max Planck Institute of molecular Plant Physiology, 14470, Potsdam, Germany
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49
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Wu L, Wang S, Wu J, Han Z, Wang R, Wu L, Zhang H, Chen Y, Hu X. Phosphoproteomic analysis of the resistant and susceptible genotypes of maize infected with sugarcane mosaic virus. Amino Acids 2014; 47:483-96. [PMID: 25488425 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many cellular events. No information is yet available, however, on protein phosphorylation in plants in response to virus infection. In this study, we characterized phosphoproteomes of resistant and susceptible genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection. Based on isotope tags for relative and absolute quantification technology, TiO2 enrichment method and LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified 65 and 59 phosphoproteins respectively, whose phosphorylation level regulated significantly in susceptible and resistant plants. Some identified phosphoproteins were shared by both genotypes, suggesting a partial overlapping of the responsive pathways to virus infection. While several phosphoproteins are well-known pathogen response phosphoproteins, virus infection differentially regulates most other phosphoproteins, which has not been reported in literature. Changes in protein phosphorylation status indicated that response to SCMV infection encompass a reformatting of major cellular processes. Our data provide new valuable insights into plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuji Wu
- Henan Agricultural University and Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou, China
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50
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14-3-3 proteins participate in light signaling through association with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22801-14. [PMID: 25501334 PMCID: PMC4284738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are regulatory proteins found in all eukaryotes and are known to selectively interact with phosphorylated proteins to regulate physiological processes. Through an affinity purification screening, many light-related proteins were recovered as 14-3-3 candidate binding partners. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that the 14-3-3 kappa isoform (14-3-3κ) could bind to PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1). Further analysis by in vitro pull-down assay confirmed the interaction between 14-3-3κ and PIF3. Interruption of putative phosphorylation sites on the 14-3-3 binding motifs of PIF3 was not sufficient to inhibit 14-3-3κ from binding or to disturb nuclear localization of PIF3. It was also indicated that 14-3-3κ could bind to other members of the PIF family, such as PIF1 and PIF6, but not to LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED1 (HFR1). 14-3-3 mutants, as well as the PIF3 overexpressor, displayed longer hypocotyls, and a pif3 mutant displayed shorter hypocotyls than the wild-type in red light, suggesting that 14-3-3 proteins are positive regulators of photomorphogenesis and function antagonistically with PIF3. Consequently, our results indicate that 14-3-3 proteins bind to PIFs and initiate photomorphogenesis in response to a light signal.
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